I came home and there was no one there: conversations and stories about the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto
"This book comprises interviews with some of the last surviving veterans of the Jewish Fighting Organization in the Warsaw ghetto, accompanied by never previously published photographic "postcards" from a number of ghettoes, and a reconstruction of the only surviving contemporary list...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Brookline, MA
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2023
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| Schriftenreihe: | Jews of Poland
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| Zusammenfassung: | "This book comprises interviews with some of the last surviving veterans of the Jewish Fighting Organization in the Warsaw ghetto, accompanied by never previously published photographic "postcards" from a number of ghettoes, and a reconstruction of the only surviving contemporary list of those soldiers that strives to salvage vestiges of their stories from oblivion"-- |
| Beschreibung: | Translation of: "Ciągle po kole" and "Odczytanie Listy."--Publisher "I Came Home and There Was No One There is a composition of two titles in a single volume for readers in English."--CIP galley |
| Beschreibung: | 548 pages illustrations 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9798887192680 9798887192598 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Part One. Still Circling: Conversations with Soldiers of the Jewish Fighting Organization -- Recording the Holocaust -- What Was of Importance in the Ghetto? Nothing! Nothing! Don't Be Ridiculous! -- Back Then, There Were Many Legends . . . -- Someone Must Have Pushed That Closet up Flush from Outside . . . -- I'm Telling You so Superficially Because I Don't Remember -- Well, I'm Here, Aren't I?! -- Truth Be Told, I Left My House in 1942 and Never Went Back -- And That's All My Life Story -- I Know What I Know, And I Remember What I Remember -- None of It Is of Any Significance -- Part Two. Rereading the List: Stories about the Soldiers of the Jewish Fighting Organization.. -- List of Those Who Fell in the Defense of the Warsaw Ghetto -- A Rereading of the List -- A Cemetery of Letters, a Cemetery of Words | |
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| adam_text | Contents Acknowledgments vii Part One Still Circling: Conversations with Soldiers of the Jewish Fighting Organization Recording the Holocaust What Was of Importance in the Ghetto? Nothing! Nothing! Don’t Be Ridiculous! Back Then, There Were Many Legends... Someone Must Have Pushed That Closet up Flush from Outside... I’m Telling You so Superficially Because I Don’t Remember We Were Just Rank-And-File Soldiers Well, I’m Here, Aren’t I? ! Truth Be Told, I Left My House in 1942 and Never Went Back And That’s All My Life Story I Know What I Know, And I Remember What I Remember None of It Is of Any Significance 13 41 53 85 115 163 177 225 233 287 Part Two Rereading the List: Stories about the Soldiers of the Jewish Fighting Organization List of Those Who Fell in the Defense of the Warsaw Ghetto A Rereading of the List A Cemetery of Letters, a Cemetery of Words 475 479 489 Glossary Bibliography Index 491 523 529 3
Bibliography In-person, telephone, and correspondence conversations Reuven Aloni, Hedera 2002 Hela Balicka-Kozlowska, Warsaw 2000-2001 Kazimiera Bergman, Ramat Efal 2002-2003 Adina Blady-Szwajgier, Warsaw and Israel 1990-1993 Awiwa Blum-Wachs, October 2021 Jarek Dulewicz, 2021 Marek Edelman, L6dz and Warsaw 1985-2009 Chawka Folman-Raban, Lohamei Ha-Getaot kibbutz and Warsaw 1988-2000 Leon Fudern, Wroclaw 2004 Luba Gawisar, Tel Aviv, 1988-2009 Masza Glajtman-Putermilch, Tel Aviv 1988-2006 Pnina Grynszpan-Frymer, Tel Aviv 1988-2006 Prof. Israel Gutman, Jerusalem and Warsaw 1988-2001 Irena Jaszuiiska, Warsaw 2000-2002 Eryk Kamieniecki, 2016 Aron Karmi, Tel Aviv 1988-1998 Wacek Kornblum, Warsaw 2021 Ewa Legiec, Warsaw 2012 Alina Margolis-Edelman, Paris, Warsaw, and Podkowa Lesna 1999-2007 Wojtek Mazan, 2021 Mayus/MarekNowogrodzki, 2015 Bronislaw Mirski (Slawek Friedman), Warsaw 2013-2015 Eugenia Pocalun, 2018 Jacek Podsiadlo, 2021 Kazik Ratajzer (Simcha Rotem), Jerusalem, Warsaw 1988-2013 Izchar Regev, 2021 Szmuel Ron, Jerusalem 1988-1999 Itay Rotem, 2021 Heia Rufeisen-Schiipper, Bustan Ha-Galil Moshav 2001 Julian Rutkowski (formerly Fiszgrund), Warsaw 2000 Tzvi Schacham, 2020 Lodzia Silverstein, Washington, D.C. 2000-2002 Dawid Stein, Haifa 2003 Jerzy Szapiro, Warsaw 2000 Bronek Szpigiel, Toronto, Warsaw 1999-2006 Bronek Szpigiel and Chajka Belchatowska, Montreal and Warsaw 1999-2005
524 Bibliography Heia Szuster-Kron, Tel Aviv 2003 Alina Swidowska, Warsaw 2021 Jerzy Warman, 2021 Depositions^ testimonies, documents; studies Adamowicz, Irena, [no title],Mosty 168, no. 46 (19IV1948). Assuntino, Rudi, andWlodek Goldkorn. Straznik.MarekEdelman opowiada. Krakow: Znak, 1999. Balicka-Kozlowska, Helena. Mur mial dwie strony. Warsaw: Bellona, 2002. Bartoszewski, Wladyslaw, and Zofia Lewinôwna, eds. Ten jest z ojczyzny mojej. Polacy z pomocq Zydom 1939-194S. 2nd edition. Cracow: Znak, 1969. Berg, Mary. Pamiçtnikpisany wgetcie w maju i czerwcu 1943.” Mosty 168, no. 46 (19IV1948). Berland, Marian. Dni dlugiejak wieki. Warsaw: Nowa, 1992. Berlmski, Hersz. “Z dziennika czlonka komendy ZOB.” Biuletyn ZIH, no. 50 (1964). Blady-Szwajger, Adina. I wiçcej nie nie pamiçtam. 2nd edition. Warsaw: Znak, 1994. Borg, Bernard. “Powstanie na terenie ‘shopôw.’” Biuletyn ZIH, no. 5 (1953). Borzykowski, Tuwia. Between Tumbling Walls. Translated by Mendel Kohafiski. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 1976. Celemenski, Jakub. Mitnfarshnitenemfolk. New York: Unzer Tsayt, 1963. Cukierman, Icchak (“Antek”). A Surplus of Memory: Chronicle of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Translated and edited by Barbara Harshav. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. Datner, Szymon. Zbrodnie Wehrmachtu na jencach wojennych w II wojnie Iwiatowej. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo MON, 1961. Dunin-W^sowicz, Krzysztof, ed. Warszawa lat wojny i okupacji 1939-1944, books 1-4. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Warszawa, 1971-1975. Edelman, Marek. The Ghetto Fights. writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/Holocaust/warsaw-uprising. html.
Translation anon, (original: Edelman, Marek. Getto walczy. Eôdz: CK Bund, 1945). [Edelman, Marek], Obrona ghetta. Za Waszq i Naszq Wolnosc, April 1946. Reprinted after: Glos Ludu no. 97 (19IV1945). Engelking, Barbara. “Rozmowa z prof. Israelem Gutmanem. Zaglada Zydôw. Studia i materialy” 2013, no. 9. Engelking, Barbara, and Jacek Leociak. Getto warszawskie. Przewodnik po nieistniejqcym miescie. Warsaw: Stowarzyszenie Centrum Badaô nad Zagladq Zydôw, 2013. Engelking, Barbara, and Dariusz Libionka. Zydzi w powstanczej Warszawie. Warsaw: Centrum Badafi nad Zaglad^ Zydôw, 2009. Folman-Raban, Chawka. Nie rozstalam siç z nimi . . . Translated by Inka Wajsbrot and Dora Sternberg. Warsaw: Zydowski Instytut Historyczny, 2000. Friedman, Philip. Their Brothers Keepers. New York: Crown Publishers, 1957. Fuks, Marian, ed. Adama Czerniakowa dziennik getta warszawskiego. 6 IX 1939-23 VII 1942. Warsaw: Paôstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1983. Goldkorn, Dorka. Wspomnienia uczestniczki powstania w getcie warszawskim. Warsaw: Zydowski Instytut Historyczny, 1951. Goldstein, Bernard. Five Years in the Warsaw Ghetto. New York: Nabat Books, 1961.
Bibliography Grabski, August, Zydowski ruch kombatancki w Polsce w latach 1944-1949. Warsaw: Trio, 2002. Grupiiiska, Hanka. Ciqgle po kole. Rozmowy z zolnierzami getta warszawskiego. 4th edition, Warsaw: Wielka Litera, 2022. -------- . Odczytanie Listy. 3rd edition, Warsaw: Wielka Litera, 2022. Grynberg, Michal. Ksiçga sprawiedliwych. Warsaw: Pahstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1993. Gutman, Israel. Fighters Among the Ruins: The Story of Jewish Heroism During the World War II. Washington, D.C.: B’nai B’rith Books, 1988. -------- . Resistance: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Boston: Mariner Books, 1998. -------- . The Jews of Warsaw, 1939-1943: Ghetto, Underground, Revolt. Translated from the Hebrew by Ina Friedman. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982. -------- . “Eliahu Rôzahski.” Mosty no. 7-8 (1947). Herz, J.S. Doyres Bundistn. New York: Farlag Unzer Tsayt, 1956. -------- . Der Bund in Bilder. New York: Farlag Unzer Tsayt, 1958. -------- . Di Geshikhtefun a Yugnt. New York: Farlag Unzer Tsayt, 1946. Holzer, Jerzy. Mozaika polityczna Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej. Warsaw: Ksiqzka i Wiedza, 1974. Iranek-Osmecki, Kazimierz. Kto ratuje jedno zycie . . . Polacy i Zydzi 1939-1945. London: Ksiçgarnia Polska Orbis, 1968. Jaworski, Michal. “Plac Muranowski 7,” Biuletyn ZIH no. 2/3 (1974). Karmi, Aron, and Chaim Frymer. Min hadlika haesh. TelAviv: ???, 1961. Kermisz, Jôzef. Powstanie w getcie warszawskim (19 IV-16 V1943). L6dz. Centralna Zydowska Komisja Historyczna, 1946. -------- . “Z historii dni kwietniowych.” Mosty 168, no. 46 (19IV1948). -------- . “Chalucowe powstanie styczniowe.”
Mosty (2411948). Krall, Hanna. Shielding the Flame: An Intimate Conversation with Dr. Marek Edelman, the Last Surviving Leader of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Translated by Joanna Stasinska and Lawrence Weschler. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1977. Ksiçgi urodzeh wyznania mojzeszowego z lat 30. XX wieku [Records of Jewish births from the 1930s], USC [Registry Office], Ostrowiec Swiçtokrzyski. Kurzman, Dan. The Bravest Battle: 28 Days of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. New York: Da Capo Press, 1993. Legec, Wladyslaw i Stanislawa. “Zolnierze ZOB-u i ich przyjaciele. Biuletyn ZIH no. 5 (1953). Leociak, Jacek. Biografie ulic. O zydowskich ulicach Warszawy: od narodzin po Zagladç. Warsaw: Dom Spotkan z Historic, 2017. Lewin, Abraham. A Cup of Tears: A Diary of the Warsaw Ghetto. Translated by Christopher Hutton. London: Fontana, 1990. Liber, Brener. Umkum un vidershtand in chenstokhover getto. Warsaw, 1951. Libionka, Dariusz, and Laurence Weinbaum. Bohaterowie, hochsztaplerzy, opisywacze. Wokôl Zydowskiego Zwiqzku Wojskowego. Warsaw: Oficyna Wydawnicza, 2012. Lubetkin, Zivia. In the Days ofDestruction and Revolt. Translated from the Hebrew by Ishai Tubbin. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad/Am Oved Publishing House, 1981. Majerczak, Beniamin, Zydzi - zolnierze Wojsk Polskich polegli na frontach II wojny swiatowej. Warsaw: Bellona, 2001. Margolis-Edelman, Ala. Ala z elementarza. London: Aneks, 1994. Mark, Bernard. Powstanie w getcie warszawskim. Warsaw: Zydowski Instytut Historyczny, 1954. 525
526 Bibliography --------- . Powstanie w getcie warszawskim na tie ruchu oporu w Police. Geneza i przebieg. 2nd edition. Warsaw: Zydowski Instytut Historyczny, 1954. ---------. WXV rocznicç powstania w getcie warszawskim. Warsaw: Komitet obchodu 15-tej rocznicy powstania w getcie warszawskim, 1958. ---------. Zycie i walka mlodziezy w gettach w okresie okupacji hitlerowskiej (1939-1944). Warsaw: Iskry, 1961. Meed, Vladka. On Both Sides of the Wall. Memoirs of the Warsaw Ghetto. Translated by Steven Meed. New York: Random House Inc., 1979. Melamed, Aliza. “Z pamiçtnikagniazdaw getcie warszawskim.” Mosty 168 no. 46 (19IV1948). Mirski, Bronislaw. “Przygotowania do powstania i pierwsze boje na terenie szczotkarzy.” Biuletyn ZIH no. 5 (1953). Moczarski, Kazimierz. Rozmowy z katem. 2nd edition. Warsaw: Znak, 1983. Najberg, Leon. Ostatni powstancy getta. Warsaw: Zydowski Instytut Historyczny, 1993. Neustadt, Melekh. Khurbn un oyfshtandfun diyidn in Varshe. Eydes-bleter un azkores. Translated by D.B. Malkin. Tel Aviv: Executive Committee of the General Federation of Jewish Labour in Palestine and the Jewish National Workers’Alliance in U.S.A., 1948. Plopiitskah, Hants’ah. Mikhtavim veDivrei Zikaron. Tel Aviv: ha-Kibuts ha-me uhad, 1945. Powstanie w ghetcie warszawskim 1943 r. Zbiôr dokumentôw. Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Literatury Politycznej, 1945. Prekerowa, Teresa. Konspiracyjna Rada Pomocy Zydom w Warszawie 1942-1945. Warsaw: Pahstwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1982. [Ratajzer, Kazik], “Jak walczylo getto. Ze wspomnieh powstahca zydowskiego.” Robotnik no. 95 (19IV1945).
“Reminiscence of Sara Biederman” [Hebrew original]. Dapim no. 301 (21VII1972). Ringelblum, Emanuel. Kronika getta warszawskiego. Wrzesien 1939-styczeh 1949. Translated by Adam Rutkowski. Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1983. Rotem, Simha (“Kazik”). Memoirs of a Warsaw Ghetto Fighter. Translated from the Hebrew and edited by Barbara Harshav. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994. Rudnicki, Henryk. Martyrologia i zaglada Zydôw warszawskich. L6dz: n.p., 1946. Rufeisen-Schüpper, Hela. Pozegnanie Milej 18. Wspomnienia Iqczniczki Zydowskiej Organizacji Bojowej. Cracow: Beseder, 1996. Sakowska, Ruta, ed. Archiwum Ringelbluma-getto warszawskie. Lipiec 1942-styczen 1943. Warsaw: Zydowski Instytut Historyczny, 1980. ---------. Dwa etapy. Hitlerowska polityka eksterminacji Zydôw w oczach ofiar. Wroclaw: Ossolineum, 1986. ---------. Ludzie z dzielnicy zamkniçtej. Zydzi w Warszawie w okresie hitlerowskiej okupacji pazdziernik 1939-marzec 1943.2nd edition. Warsaw: PWN, 1993. Silverstein, Leokadia. Tak wlalnie byto. Translated by Hanna Sochacka-Kozlowska. Warsaw: Zydowski Instytut Historyczny, 2002. Stein, Dawid. Ostatnia Wielkanoc w getcie warszawskim.” Mosty 168 no. 46 (19IV1948). Shulman, Abraham. The Case of Hotel Polski: An Account of One of the Most Enigmatic Episodes of World War Π. New York: Holocaust Library, 1982. Temkin-Bermanowa, Basia. Dziennikzpodziemia. Warsaw: Twôj Styl, 2000. Tych, Feliks ed. Slownik biograficzny dzialaczy polskiego ruchu robotniczego. Warsaw: Ksiqzka i Wiedza, 1987.
Bibliography Tokarska-Bakir, Joanna. Spoleczny portret pogromu kieleckiego, vols. 1 and 2. Warsaw: Czarna Owca, 2008. Wala [Marek Edelman]. Nasi bohaterowie, Za waszq i naszq wolnott. April 1946. Zeznanie dr. Ryszarda Walewskiego [Statement of Dr. Ryszard Walewski], AIPN, GK, 317/874, vol. 1. Protokôl rozprawy glôwnej Jürgena Stroopa [Transcript of the main hearing ofJürgen Stroop], box 15 (19 VII1951). Ziemian, Jôzef. Papierosiarze z placu Trzech Krzyzy. Warsaw: Niezalezna Oficyna Wydawnicza, 1989. Unpublished reports from the archives of the Jewish Historical Institute 1678,Alef,B. 5042, Bauman, Eliasz 1683, Cukierman, Icchak 5002, Edelman, Marek 5064, Flamenbaum, Mojzesz 302/186, Goldman, B. 5016, Jaworski, Michal 5039, Lehman, Jôzef 659, Lista powstaricôw napisana przez Bernarda Marka [List of insurgents written by Bernard Mark] 5006, Mirski, Bronislaw (Frydman) 302/206, Motyl, Binem 5061, Polisiuk, A. 5011, Popower, Karl 5010, Reich-Ranicki, Marcel 4423, Swiçtochowski, Wladyslaw 6467, Swiçtochowski, Wladyslaw 5009, Teller 318, zespôl [fonds] ZWZ, Siekierski, Mieczyslaw 5021, Zymler, J.J. Zwi^zek Walki Zbrojnej fonds, file no. 10, pp. I-XVII, spis czlonkôw zwi^zkôw zydowskich uczestnikôw walki zbrojnej z faszyzmem, sporz^dzony przez Zarzqd Wojewôdzki w Lodzi 5IV 48 [list of members ofJewish associations who participated in military combat against fascism, drawn up by the Provincial Executive in L6dz on April 5,1948], signed by B. Majerczak. Photographic sources The photographs of the ZOB fighters that accompany their biographies are taken from the follow ing sources:
J. Celemeüski, Mitnfarshnitenemfolk, New York 1963; J.S. Herz, Doyres Bundistn, New York 1956; Der Bund in Bilder, New York 1958; Die Geshikhtefun a Yugnt, New York 1946; 527
528 Bibliography В. Mark, Powstanie w getcie warszawskim na tie ruchu oporu w Police. Geneza i przebieg, Warsaw 1954; Μ. Neustadt, Khurbn un oyfshtandfun diyidn in Varshe. Eydes-bleter un azkores, Tel Aviv 1948; L. Silverstein, Tak wlafnie bylo, Warsaw 2002; and private collections. The contemporary portraits of my interlocutors in the first section of the book are by Adam Rozenman. The presumed provenance of the photographs from the Collection of tukasz Biedka is discussed in the introduction.
Index Adamowicz, Irena, 331,362,387,462, 486 Agudat Israel, 261,512 Africa, 42 AK (Armia Krajowa), 23-27,31n51,47, 80,112,160n50,168n5,174-75, 195n29,209n47,234-35,236n4, 239,250-51,253,272-73,277-78, 292n6,295-96,320-21,331,346, 362,366,377,384,387-89,396, 402,421,426,430-31,433,499, 501-2, 505,519-20 Akiba, 245,248,302,343,351,353,367, 378,395,400,425,434-35,441, 445,475-77,479,481,486-87,491, 497-98 AL (Armia Ludowa), 24,27,47,112, 197,216n49,235-37,250,252n31, 278,280,282,302n23,344,346, 353, 362,384,408,414,424,429, 433, 503,510,520 Allies, 242nl4,499,525 Aloni, Reuven, 470 Alter, Aron, 333,401-2,482 Alter, Wiktor, 320n34 Alterman, Ewa, 64 Alterman, Szlojme (Szlomo), 75,79,334, 391,475,484 Altman, Tosia, 47,49,98n24,107,304, 334-35,341,353,392,428n9,435, 475,485 America, 3,18,37,153,195,239,288, 293-94,310,312,314,320,355,363, 394,408,459,499. See also USA American Jewish Distribution Committee. SeeJoint Anders’ Army, 371 Aneks, journal, 221 Anielewicz, Mordechaj, 4,27,41,49nl6, 66-68,98n24,166,170,248,255, 262,264,289,290-91,295-96,301, 303,307-8,323,328,336-37,357, 361-62,370, 380,388,392,401, 414,427,439,442,446,451-52, 466,468,470,475,479, 500-1, 519 Antisemitism, 16, 21n23, 22n25, 29, 31n50,36,182,187-95,288n2, 508-9,513-14 April uprising, 5-8,65,74,80,101,103, 140-42,146-51,153-55,170n8, 219,245,257-58,262,270-71,308, 317,321,331,333-35,337-44, 346-47,349-54,357-60,362-66, 368-74,376-80,382-463,466-70, 475,479,486,487n2,491,495, 498-503, 507,509, 511,518-20 Argentina, 174 Arsenal operation, 24-25,328,492 Artsztajn, Zachariasz, 9,338-39,347,
352-53,362,364,370,372-73, 390-91,397,406,416,436,439-40, 448,455,457,467,480, 500 Aryan papers, 125, 506, 511. See also Kennkarte Aryan side, 23-25,27,48-49,75,78,80, 82,90,93,102n33,106-8, ПО, 133, 143,146-47,152-53,155,166-68, 172nll, 183п9,183п12,192п25, 204,207-8,216п49,218,226-27, 250-51,253-55,268,298,308,310, 315п28,347,381,465,492,507, 515,518-19
530 Index Ashkelon, 49nl6 assimilated family, 163,180-83,194,370, 393,403,411,434,449,470,491 Association ofJewish Medical Students, 189 Auschwitz, 16nl2,21,26,46-48, 51, 64, 88n2,96,100n28,121,177nl, 191,202,203n38,210n47,322n39, 323n40,335,346,352,371,382, 386,401,409,412,448, 507 Auschwitz-Birkenau, 495,497,499 Bafrajung Arbeter Sztyme, journal, 419 Baginen, newspaper, 385 Balicka-Kozlowska, Helena, 252,344 Baran, Dwora, 254-56,258,340,475,484 Baranowicze, 335,398,428 Bartoszewski, Wladyslaw, 209-10 Bauman, Zygmunt, 221-22 Beatus, Frania, 268-69,340-41,454,485 Bçdzin, 41,43-44,51,149,308,335, 337,358,372,420,428, 500 Befehlsstelle, 147,151,399,405,411, 493 Beit Borochow, 372 Beitjaakow, 514 Belarus, 13,15,25n37,356 Belchatowska, Halina (Chajka), 3,81-82, 113n52,225-231,341-42,349,379, 451-52,458,483 Belgium, 204n39,445,522 Belzec, 42,497 Bemowo, 31n49 Ben Gurion, David, 296 bench ghetto, 187-88,360,459,508-9, 513. See also Black Hundreds Bednarczyk, Jôzef. See Grynblatt, Jôzef Bergen-Belsen, 382,386,401,442,499 Bergman, Kazimiera, 342,436,460 Berlin, 194,439,464,516 Berlihski, Hirsz (Hersz), 77,98-102, 104-6,230,307,342,350,364, 369,376,384,387,410,413,416, 423-24,432,467,479,484,500 Berman, AdolfAbraham, 170n8,295 Bermanowa, Basia, 342 Betar, 50,291,336,361,383,470,493, 501 Bielecki, Czeslaw, 36 Bialowieza, 503 Bialy, Michal. See Rozenfeld, Michal Bialystok, 331,335,345,356,360, 386-87,398,402,409,427-28,430, 449,451,467,500 Biederman, Sara (Serafin, Krysia), 171, 341,343-44,483 Biedka, Eukasz, vii, 4,528 Bilak, Janek, 75,106,110,274,305,345, 424,450,484 Biuletyn
Informacyjny, journal, 168,388, 505 Bielsko, 46,431 Blady-Szwajgier, Adina (Inka), 3, 175-222,236,276,279-80,301-2, 310-12,315-17,319,345-48,358, 367,371,376,417,485 Black Hundreds, 16 Black Panthers, 20 Blank, Marek, 145,347,475,482 Blaustein (Blausztajn), Icchak, 339,347, 352,370,373,419,435,453,475, 481 Blones, Guta, 107,141-42,226-27,274, 312,349-50,378,475,484 Blones, Jurek, 7,100,106-8,226,312, 341,345,349-50,354,356,365, 378,400,405,424,426,432,434, 437,475,484 Blones, Eliezer (Lusiek), 77,107,226,274, 305,312,349-51,378,475,484 Blofiski,Jan, 221 Blum, Abram, 107,207,215,274, 347-48,352,354,366,426,443, 450,476,484
Index Blum-Bielicka, Luba, 347,416-17 Bnei Akiba, 498 Boernerowo, 31-32,241,280,354,371 Borg, Bernard, 351-52,392,482 Borochow kibbutz, 333,340,342,355, 360,369,390,410,416-17,444, 498 Borochow, DowBer, 353,498,510 Borzykowski, Tuwia (Tadek), 6,31n49, 78,171,175,177,262,310,353-55, 362,372,385,392,399,414,417, 431,440,448,471,480 Boy Scout, 48,116,292,301,304,420, 485-86 Brandt, Karl, 134-36 Brahsk, 467 Bratniak, medics’ association, 189 Braude, Berl (Brojde), 62,344,351,355, 360,368,378,392,394,411,425, 431,444,448,454,468-69,480 Braude-Hellerowa, Anna, 205,412 Breslov, 18nl9 Brezhnev, Leonid, 30 Brzozowska, Helena. See Goldkorn, Dorka brushmakers’ yard, 64,77,100-3, 105n36,139-40,146-47,151,207, 230,248n25,252,255,257-58,261, 287-88,302,334,339-40,342,345, 347,349-51,359,364,366,368-69, 377,386-87,390-91,394,398,400, 402,405-6,410-12,416,418,421, 423,429,431-32,434-36,446,450, 455,458,461,469,479,483,493, 520 Brünnlitz, 375 Brylantsztajn, Stasiek (Staszek), 75,105, 340,355-56,484 Bryskin, Pawel (Aron), 62,67,331,343, 356-57,389,400,411,423,440, 442,444,446,468,480 Bucharest, 82,161 Budzyh, 375 Bug, river, 334,384,391,397,400,413, 435,445,456,468 Bujak, Zbigniew (Zbyszek), 25-26, 35-36,38,225 Bund (General Jewish Labor Bund), 6, 15,22-23,24n31,53-54,60,71, 74,101,103n36,105-7,110,149, 181,208n44,225-26,230,239,245, 262-63,267,279,283,294-95, 296nl4,301,303,315n28,320n34, 341-42,345,347-50,356,358, 360-61,363,365-66,368,370-71, 374,377,379,382-83,385-86,389, 393-94,396-97,399-400,402, 404-5,407,412,416,418,424-27, 429-30,433-34,437-38,441,448, 450-51,455-58,461-62,464,467,
475-79,481,483-86,493-94, 500, 502,508,512,514, 522 Canada, 64,81,342,452 Casimir III, the Great, king of Poland, 29 Catholic Church, 16,20, 29,34-35,189, 265n43,513 Celemehski, Jakub (Celek), 270,350, 358,378-79,485 CENTOS, 291,436,494. See also ZTOS Central Committee of Polish Jews. See CKZP Chagall, Marc, 37 cheder, 116,334,342,355,359,378,419, 432,449,463 Chelmno nad Nerem, 42,496-97 China, 37,322 Chmielnicki, Aron. See Karmi, Aron Chmielnicki, Icchak, 118 Chmielnocki, Nachum, 360,475,486 Chorew, 514 Chorzôw, 258n35 Chrusciel, Antoni, 292 Churchill, Winston, 522 531
532 Index Ciechanôw, 360 Ciechocinek, 360, 510 CISzO, 53,208n44,345,349-50,356, 360,363,377-78,383,394,407, 422,426,457,514 CKZP (Centralny Komitet Zydôw Polskich), 183,412,424 Collection of Studium Polski Podziemnej, 475 Communism, 15,20,33-35,373,370, 513 Communist Union of Polish Youth, 459, 510 Constanta, 82,453 Coordinating Committee, 308,348,420, 426,450,502. See also ZKN Crimea, 357 Crystal Night, 22-23 Cukierman, Icchak (Antek), 6,8-9, 31n49,31n51,78,82-83,106,113, 155,170n8,171nl0,174-75nl3, 237nl0,291,300n21,302n23,339, 341,344,350,355,357,361-62, 377,382,389,393,408,414, 417-18,420,429,433,442,447, 449,454,463,471,479,495,497, 500-501,520 Cukierman, Ilana, 135 Cukunft, 54,225,342,345,348-50,356, 363,377-78,383,389,407,427, 434,437-38,448,491,493-94, 521 Cukunft-Szturm, 365,368,382,396,400, 412,450 curfew, 49,59,263,346,438 Cyprus, 242nl3 Cyrankiewicz, Jôzef, 33,320 Czas, magazine, 3,13 Czechoslovakia, 20n20,113,384 Czerniakôw, Adam, 27,41,192n25, 215-17,322-23,492,494-95 Czerniakôw farm, 245-46,250,301,331, 338-40,343,353,357,362,365, 372,390,396,398,402-3,406,414, 424-25,427,430-32,439,444,448, 455,457,469 Czerwirisk, 88n2 Czerwony Bôr, 402-3 Czçstochowa, 121,175,236n7,271,282, 333-34,342,346,382,408,420, 426,433,437,440,446-47,465, 469, 500,505 Czyzyk, Cipora, 242 Dubrowa, 160n50 Dubrowa Basin, 419,500 Danzig. See Gdahsk Dawidowicz, Tobcia (Tauba), 231,363, 368,379,388,406,475,483 Dead Sea, 296 Death March, 64,323,495 deportation from the ghetto. See große Aktion Diamant, Abraham (Awram), 100, 102n33,340,364,476,484 Diaspora, 18,194,493,495,510 Dmowski, Roman,
509 Dziennik Ludowy, newspaper, 294n8 Dnieper, river, 37 Dobuchno, Szaul, 475,487,521 Domb, engineer, 172,174 Donetsk, 404 Dresden, 382,494 Dror, 6,48,67,101,103n36,171nl0, 236n7,313,333-34,338,340,343, 347,353,355,360-62,365,368, 372,387,390-92,394,397-98, 403-4,406-7,410-11,414,416, 419,422-23,428,430-31,436,440, 444,446-48,453-55,462-63,467, 469,475-78,479-81,483-87,491, 495-97,507,511,520 Dubinski, Dawid, 293n7,294 Duhski, Cwi (Sewek), 47,344,365,475, 484
Index Edelman, Marek, 3,5-10,13,14n3, 24n31,31n49,31n51,34n59, 35n60,38,53-54,60,74,100,105, 146,166,178n2,196,217,228n3, 234,248n25,259n36,270n47, 272n49,283n55,287,296nl2, 300n21,312,316n29,320,327n41, 328,332,335,337,339,342,344, 346-50,353,356,360-61,363, 365-67,373,377-78,380,383,390, 393-94,396,410,412-15,417,421, 423,427,432,438,441-42,451, 456,458,463,471,479,489,494, 497,500-1,519 Egypt, 37,193n28 Einsatzgruppen, 58,122,495 Einstein, Brucha, 226,368 Einstein, Cypora, 226,368,483 Ejgier, Abraham (Eiger, Awram / Josek), 105,254,256,332,340,368,476, 484 Engelking, Barbara, 318-19 England, 37,202,371 Eretz Israel, 7,46-47,50,60, 81-82,101, 106,113,242-43,338,342,355, 360,391,396,403,416,420,441, 465,493,497 Erlich, Eliahu (Alek / Elek), 100n27, 102n33,342,369,484 Estonia, 493 Ethiopia, 37 expropriation activity (“exes”), 102, 252-54,287,293,359,383,390, 401,412,421,456,495 extermination camps, 23n27, 88n2,91n8, 146,149n41,169n6,170n7,177nl, 209n47,213n48,233nl, 387, 428nl0,491-92,495-97,499,505, 508,519 Europe, 16nl3,37,179,241,260, 296-97,300,392,492-93,495,498, 518 Fajgenblat, Jakub (Jakob, Jacek), 145-46, 359,369,388, 393,396,402,411, 421,430,476,482 Fajner (Feiner), Abram (Awram), 230, 370,410,457,476,486 Falanga, 17,27,31,509 Falenica, 369,393,508 Farber, Jôzef ( Josek), 97-99,339,352, 370, 373,423,476,480 Feiner, Leon, 6,9,358,426,522 Feinmesser, Bronka (Fajnmesser). See Warman, Bronislawa Filipek, Wlodzimierz, 13 Fingerhut, Genek, 145, 372,388,482 Fiszgrund, Julek, 31n49,234,417 Fiszgrund, Salo, 315-16,438 Fliederbaum, Julian, 213n48 Folkscajtung, newspaper,
377,450 Folman, Chawka, 8, 313,339,344,355, 387-88,390,448,462 Folman, Marek, 388,405,476,487 Forward, newspaper, 294n8 Frajhajt, 48,333-34,338,340,347,355, 360,362,364-65,367,372,387, 390-92,396,398,410,413,419-20, 428,436,439,444,454,457,461, 463,468-69,486,495-97, 511 Frajhajt Szuc, 444, 511 France, 3,37,194,218,243,398,417,522 Frank, Hans, 517 Frankfurt am Main, 377 Frasyniuk, Bogdan, 38 Freje Jugnt, Di, newspaper, 521-22 Frenkiel, Izio, 63 Frenkiel, Pawel, 289,501,519 Friedman, Slawek. See Mirski, Bronislaw Friedman, Zysie, 260-61 Frydman, Renia (Zosia), 197,205,234, 346,371,376-77,417,485,515 Frydrych, Elzunia, 319-21,377 Frydrych, Zygmunt (Zalman), 7, 57, 262, 271,309,319,341,349-50,362, 533
534 Index 377-78; 413,433,441,462,464, 476,484-85 Frymer, Chaim, 60,71-72, 81,101,105, 378,384,399,424,480 Fryszdorf, Gabriel (Gabrys), 231,345, 378-79,400,407,450-51,468, 483 Fryszdorf, Hanka. See Krysztal-Fryszdorf, Chana Fudern, Leon, 380 Fudem, Regina (Lilit), 141, 149,339, 380,395-96,453,485 Gabin, 358 Gaik, Wladyslaw (Krzaczek), 108,159, 272,274-76,282-83,309,349,359, 408-9,453,486 Galicia, 335,419,498 Gal On, 498 gathering funds, 172nl 1,252,294,492, 502 Gawisar, Luba (Zielona Marysia), 163-75,239,242,248,300-1,344, 371,381,388,470-71,486 Gdahsk, 34,515,518 G efen, Lejb, 138,359 Gelblum, Irena (Irka), 81-82,166,169, 171,239,243,252,265,300,302, 344,381,388,471,485 Geller, Eliezer, 120,130,136,139-40, 146,149,155,336,347,359, 381-82,385,391,393,402,406, 438,449,479,500,519 General Government, 91n8,335,358, 433,492,499,503-4, 506,517 Geneva, 382,413,420 Gepner, Abraham, 77n54 German occupation, 20n20,31n49, 209n47,331,351,358,381-82,413, 426,428,433-34,437,458-59,464, 491,493-95,499, 504-6,510,512, 514,517-19 Germany, 22nn25-26,118-19,125, 208n44,242-44,377,403,415,439, 442,459,464,467,495-96,504, 519. See also Reich Gerszuni, Gedalia, 476,487,521 Gestapo, 42,46-47,49,90,97-98, 111-12,120-21,131,134nl5,135, 141,144,166-67,169,171,201, 278,283,294,331nl, 338,348,355, 364,372,387,396,402,407,409, 421,429,439,443,447-48,451, 454,460,466,492,499,502,505, 507 Gçsiôwka, prison, 192,520 Gibraltar, 18 Giliriski, Motl, 322 Giterman, Icchak, 492 Givat Olga, 412 GL (Gwardia Ludowa), 236n5,357,371, 375,385,408,410,460-61,485-86, 501, 509-10 Glajtman-Putermilch, Masza, 9,52-53,
58nl7,59nl9,83,113,145,161,295, 303,307,334,342,356,365,383-84, 394,397,418,420,422,424,427, 430,445,448,451,458,461 Gniezno, 29n47 Goliborska, Teodozja (Tosia), 31n49, 311,317,415,417 Goldman, Baruch, 351 Goldkorn, Dorka, 354,385,409,421, 444,485 Gomel, 13-15,365 Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 24,280,293,390, 497 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 30 Gordonia, 48,115-16,120-21,139, 144,347,353,359,364,369,372, 381-82,388,393,402-3,405-6, 411,430,475-79,482,486-87,497 Gôrny, Jechiel (Jur), 100n27,344, 386-87,476,484
Index Grabowski, Henryk (Heniek), 251-52, 308,387,466,486 Grajek, Stefan, 150,153,155,157-59, 175,236,310,431 Grasberg, Jurek, 166-71,174-75,235, 236n4,239,279,299,301,344,388, 420,470-71,485 Gray Ranks, 29n46,492,504 Great Britain, 24t30, 499 Grobelna, 121 Grochôw, 184,308,361,364,376,394, 416,428,444,463 Grodno, 120n7,387,427 Grodzisk, 31,172,174-75,415 Gross-Rosen, 375 große Aktion, 4,8,54,57,93-94,136nl7, 167,192n25,244,319,332,337, 341,343,345-46,349,361,365, 368,370,373-75,377,379,383, 388,393,395-96,400,416,423-24, 427,432,434-35,436nl 1,438,440, 445,456,460,466,469-70,491-92, 498,500-3,510-11,515,517-18, 520,522. See also kettle on Mila Street Growas, Mordechaj, 74-75,231,337-38, 352,354,389,392,399-400,407, 411,421,430,439,446,455,461, 468,481 Gruzalc, Lejb, 60,72,345,363,389, 394-95,397,412,418,427,429, 448,457,461,481 Grynberg, Michal, 92n8 Grynblatt,J0zef (Bednarczyk), 289,291 Grynszpan, Jurek, 125,340,350,390, 405,411,421,432,469,476,483 Grynszpan-Frymer, Pnina (Pinia), 60, 77, 81, 85, 90n3, 92n9, 93nl3, 93nl5, 98nn23-24,100nn27-28, 102n33,106n42,113,242,274, 345, 354, 367,378,384,423-24, 452,458 Gutman, Hanoch (Henoch), 74-75,77, 79,101,103,105,252-55,257, 302,334,338,340,350,368,375, 390-91,394,398,410,422,431-32, 446,455,476,484, 500 Gutman, Israel, 248n25,261,287,301 Guzik, Dawid Daniel, 172,492 Haifa, 242-43,412,452-53 Hajnsdorf, Miriam, 97,391,483 hakhshara, 333,403,405,410-11,413, 419,428-30,441,465,467,493, 497 Hallman, Bernard, 515 Hallman workshop, 338, 379,388,439, 451,453,466,468,515 Halperin, Adam, 501 Halutz movement, 7,245-46,301,331,
333,335,338-39,343-44,347,353, 355,360-62,372,390-91,402-3, 406-7,410,413,416,425,427-31, 436,441,444,446-49,453-55,457, 462,467-68,491,493,496-98,500 Hamersztajn, Lodzia, 6,337,406,446, 458 Hannover, 17 Hanoar Hadati, 498 Hanoar Hacyjoni, 104n36,245,248n25, 339,349,351,386,418,429,432, 434,439,445,475,477,484,491, 498 Hapoel, sports club, 334,444,457,496, 511 Hasidim, 18,394 Haszomer Hacair, 6,41-42,44,75n49, 96-99,141,159,242nl5,331-32, 334-37,339-40,354,358,370,374, 380,382,385,389,391-93,395-96, 399,406-7,409,413,419,421-23, 425,429,435,438,446-48,450, 452,461-62,465-68,470,475-83, 485-87,498-99,505,507 535
$36 Index Haszomer Hadati, 48,498 Hebrew, 3-4,10,37n64, 86,116,120, 170n8,181,241,242nl5,258, 261n38,334-35,339, 351,355,359, 361,370,380,405,412,427-28, 432,452,454,467,498,509,514 Hedera, 242nl3 Hehaluc Hacair, 344,497 Hehaluc Hamizrachi, 498 Hehaluc Pionier, 496 Held, Adolf, 293n7,294 Heller, Szymon, 141, 151-53, 363,476, 482 Himelfarb, Adek, 145,393,476,482 Hirszfeld, Ludwik, 183-85,371 Hitler, Adolf, 17,21,23,31-32,149 Hitlerjugend, 22n25 Hlond, August, Cardinal, 29 Hochberg, Adolf, 79,254,263,274,281, 284,306,344,352, 354,394,413, 433,437,476,484 Hochberg, Dawid, 72,313,394-95,457, 461,476,481 Holocaust, 3-5,10,22,24,42,115,190, 215,216n50,221-22,242,328,335, 365,376,381,491, 501,505,508, 511,514 Holon,47 Home Army. See AK Hrubieszôw, 7,391,487,493,521 Hungary, 48,50,113,404,422 Igla, Zygmunt, 231,396,402,421,476, 483 Ikhud, party, 491 intelligentsia, 181,194,497,504,510-11 Iran, 194 Israel, 3,17-18,35,37,51,82,115,128, 130,149n43,174,177-79,193-95, 231,233-34,236n7,243nnl5-16, 251n30,258,260,295-98,300, 315n28,331,335,344,355,358, 360,378,381,412,419-20,433, 436,441,443,453,470-71,487, 494,501, 507-8,511. See also Eretz Israel Italy, 252,381 Iwihska, Estera, 320 Jabotinsky, Vladimir, 493 JAF (Yidishe Arbeter Froy), 15,383,493 Jankielewicz, Adek, 60,363,397,457, 476,481 January operation, 5,7-8,24-25, 60-64, 77,97-100,125,146,169, 185nl8, 216n49,244-45,250-51,290,308, 321,337-38,341,343,346,353, 355,359-61,363-64,366,370,372, 375,381-83,385-87,390-91, 393, 399,401,405,409-12,414,417, 423,425,428,430,432,439-40, 443-47,449,451,460,462-63,466, 468-69,486-87,500,
503,518, 520 Jaruzelski, Wojciech, 20-21,30 Jaszyhski, Lejb (Jasinski), 398,411,476, 484 Jawne, 382,461,514 Jaworski, Michal (Najkrug), 398-99,437, 485 Jaworski, Seweryn, 38 Jehudija, school, 181-82,216,345, 376, 387,435,469-70 Jelenkiewicz,Jasia (Ostaszewska), 195-96 Jerusalem, 51,251n30,258n35,284,298, 300,361,433 Jewish Community Organization, 65, 196n30,348,436,492,494, 505, 522 Jewish Educational and Cultural Association. See Tarbut Jewish Fighting Organization. See ZOB Jewish Military Union. See ZZW Jewish Museum, 20n20
Index Jewish National Committee. See ZKN Jewish Order Service, 50-51, 56,120, 122-23,144,152-53,167,169, 185nl8,185n20,192n25,253,291, 364,366,389,400-1,409,439,444, 457,460nl2,492-93,500,502-3, 517-18,521 Jewish Police See Jewish Order Service Jewish Social Welfare. See ZSS Jewish Social Welfare Society. See ZTOS Jewish Socialist Working-class Youth. Seejugnt Jewish Working Women. See JAF JHI (Jewish Historical Institute), 8, 514, 527 John Paul II, Pope, 34n59 Joint, 172,261138, 492,494, 505 Jozwiak, Franciszek (Witold), 236, 272n49,298 Judaism, 29nn46-47,180-81,509 Judenrat, 4,42, 46, 92,100n28,118-19, 123,213, 216-17, 319,322n39, 375,401,449,460nl2,488, 491-92,495,498, 502,504, 506, 513,520, 522 Jugnt, 369,416,467,521-22 Jugnt-Frajhajt, newspaper, 496 Jugnt Sztime, newspaper, 494 Jugnt Weker, newspaper, 363,494 Junge Gwardie, newspaper, 494 Jungbor, 369,467, 511 Justman, Reginka, 9,487 Jutrznia, sports club, 363,441,448 Kac, Jakub, 476,487,521 Kac, Mania, 322,394 Kacenelebogen, Mosze, 118 Kacenelson, Icchak, 338,361,488 Kajszczak, Bronislaw, 160 Kalisz, 505 Kalwaria, G6ra, 87,297-98,467 Kamieniecki, Eryk, 357 Kammski, Aleksander (Hubert), 27, 166-68,174-75,234,239, 248,299, 388,420,470, 504-5 Kanai, Izrael, 276,354, 382,400-1,468, 479,518-19 Kaplan, Josef (Josek), 41,47,96-98,331, 391-92,476,487, 505 Karmi, Aron (Chmielnicki), 80,115,139, 145,161,242,254,258,359-60, 363,388,393,399,404,406, 452-53,462,482 Karski, Jan (Kozielewski), 48,297,505, 522 Katowice, 41,44,46, 51 Katy, 121n7,489 Kaunas, 294n8,331 Kawe, Herszl (Heniek, Hesiek), 149, 333,351-52,357, 363,392,401-3,
436-37,439-40,449,482 Kawçczyn, 387,435,442,466 Kawenoki, Guta, 145,154,369,396,402, 421,482 Kedyw, 292 Kennkarte, 27,111,506 kettle on Mila Street, 57-59,96,208-9, 210-11, 506,515 kibbutz, 6,49nl6,171,174,177, 242-43,245nl9,296,298, 308, 313-14,333, 335n3,336, 339,344, 353,355, 360-62, 364-65, 372, 382,390, 394,400,406,410-11, 415-16,418,420,425,428nl0, 429,430,435-36,444-46,448, 454-55,465,470-71,491,495, 497-98,505-6, 508 Kielce, 36,115,175,193,320,333,360, 382,419-20,423,436,501,506-7 Kielson, Hela, 208n45,211,317 King, Martin Luther, 21 Kiszczak, Czeslaw, 36 KK (Komisja Koordynacyjna). See Coordinating Committee 537
538 Index Klajnwajs, Henoch (Heniek I Michalek), 142,145,149-50,155,160,403-4, 422,428,455,482 Klepfisz, Gina, 441,512 Klepfisz, Michal, 7,54,103,251,258-59, 302,309,321,350,358,379,399, 404-5,426,441,447,476,484-85 Klog, Blima, 318,365,438 Knesset, 260 Kojfman, Mosze (Mojszele), 226-28,341 Kolbe, Maksymilian Maria (Rajmund), 21 Kolomyia, 294,336 Koluszki, 125,127-28 Komorowski, Tadeusz, (Bôr-Komorowski), 23-24,389 Koniecpol, 426,433 Konin, 340,440 Konrad, Fritz, 517 Kohski, Jehuda (Juda), 143,145,405-6, 411,476,486 KOR (Komitet Obrony Robotnikôw), 29n46,35 Korczak, Janusz, 21,183nl2,204-7,215, 338,410,466,494,507,517 Korczak, Rôzka, 331 Korn, Leja (Lea), 145,154,402,405-6, 445,476,482 Kornblum, Alma (Kerenbrum), 406,476, 482 Korngold, Lea, 149,406,482 Kosciuszko, Tadeusz, 328 Kossak-Szczucka, Zofia, 199 Kossower, R6za, 218n50 Kotarbihski, Tadeusz, 44 Kowner, Aba, 242-43,331,433 Kowner, Witka Kempner, 243 Koziebrodzka, Lea (Lohka), 335,476, 487,507 Koziebrodzki, Abraham, 338 Krakow, 7,9,315n28,175,241,316n29, 346,358,361,377,393,433, 440-42,447,462,468-69,487,491, 500,508-9 Krall, Hanna, 3,26,32,36,195,198, 296nl2,314,328 Kripo (Kriminalpolizei), 202,282,408 Krupnik, engineer, 172 Krzaczek. See Gaik, Wladyslaw Krysztal-Fryszdorf, Chana, 110-11,231, 345,378,400,407-8,424,450,483 Kuroh, Jacek, 38 Kutno, 140,381,412 Kyiv, 17 Landau, Margalit (Emilka), 74,96,98-99, 337,389,409,438-39,476,486,507 Lanzmann, Claude, 177nl Latvia, 169n6,493 League for Aid to Workers in Israel, 419-20,436,507 Lebendiger, Aba, 121 Lçczyca, 459 Leipzig, 394 Legiec, Stanislawa and Wladyslaw, 373,
386,397,408-10,417-18,447,449, 469,486 Legionowo, 91-92 Lejkin, Jakub, 389,409,439,454 Lenin, Vladimir, 15 Lent, Szanaan (Hersz), 100n27,106,230, 340,410,435,451,477,484 Lerer, Cypora, 254,340,368,410,476, 484 Lewental, Szymon, 143,405,411,476, 486 Lewin, Gina, 477,487,521 Lewin, Lejzer (Eliezer), 150,154,431, 507 Lifszyc, Pola, 322 Lis, Bogdan, 38 Litman, Josef (Josek), 96,98-100, 102n33,104-6,109,413,423,476, 484
Index Lithuania, 42,120-21n7,169n6,194, 294п8,356,361,449-50,470,493 Lodz, 32-33,38,100п27,101,115,119, 122,127-28,130,145,185п18,196, 217,226,252,322п39,323п40,328, 333,339,342,347,351,353-55,360, 367,371-72,381,386,390,402, 405,408,410-12,416-19,422,427, 428п10,429-30,440-41,444,449, 459-60,464-65,467,507,522,527 Lohamei Ha-Getaot, 82,177,308,314, 344,355,471,508 Lomianki, 80,107,109-10,159-61,178, 269-70,272,276,281,335,338,342, 345,349-51,359,362-63,370, 378-79,384,389,400,408,417,420, 422,424,434,443-44,447-48,453, 455-56,459,462,465,469,507 London, 24n31,217,221n57,227n2, 259,294,296,475,502, 505,522 London List, 6-8,10,475,487 Lopata, Chaim, 261, 287-88 Loth, Felek, 188,191-92,198 Lubetkin, Celina (Cywia), 6,31n49, 78-79,83,104,171nl0,177,192, 227n2,235,242,244-45,281,294, 297-98,301,306,310,317,337, 344,348,355,361-62,367,413-15, 417,420,431,455,469,471,480, 495, 520 Lublin, 113,183nl3,216n49,261n38, 280,358,375,378,384,391,409, 415,418,514,521 Luden, Itzhak, 494 Lustiger, Jean-Marie (Aron), 183 Lwôw, 188,374,398,404,415,436,441, 460,465,508-9 Maapilim, 505 Machtyngier, Leon, 164 M^dry, Polish policeman, 271,277-78, 433 Majdanek, 64,352,371,377,420,487, 497,503,519 Majerowicz, Marek (Meirowicz, Meir), 336,372,412,415,482 Makkabi, sports movement, 115,404, 508 Makower, Henryk, 185, 187 Malkinia, 128,355, 377,409,456-57, 507 Manulak, Bronka, 100n27,107,274,344, 416,423,477,484 March 1968, socio-political crisis, 33-36, 177,190,193-95,221n57,347,371, 375,399,429,459, 508 Margolis-Edelman, Ala (Alina), 9, 33-34,175,196-98,208,320,346, 366,371,376,415-17,485 Mark,
Bernard, 8,103n34,108n47 Marseilles, 242 Martial Law, 21n21,25n38,29-30n48, 34n58,36n63 Maselman, Rysiek (Moselman), 108, 268, 276,281-83,409,417,469 Matywiecki, Anastazy (Nastek), 237,257 Mauthausen, 26, 51,358,497 Medem Sanatorium, 53-54,225, 322, 383,393, 508 Meed, Vladka (Miçdzyrzecka). See Peltel, Fajgele Meisel, Maurycy, 494 Merchants Congregation school, 16,182, 374 Michalin, 399,437,502 Michnik, Adam, 38 Midrasz, journal, 196n30 Miedzeszyn, 53,383,508 Miçdzyrzec Podlaski, 333 Milanôwek, 197-98,346,421,428 Milejkowski, Izrael, 213n48 Milosz, Czeslaw, 170n7 Minsk, 13,356 Midsk Mazowiecki, 89,400 539
540 Index Mirski, Bronislaw, 8,347,374-76,390, 405,411,469,483 Mischling, 133-34,359 Mitterrand, François, 30 Mizrachi, 395,413,419,509,512 Modlin, 90-91,112,423,450 Monte Cassino, 489 Montreal, 64,231,342,452 Moravia, 375 Morgen Frei, newspaper, 331 Morgensztern, Jochanan, 150,154, 419-20,477,479 Morgensztern, sports club, 404,493-94, 512 Moscow, 318n31 Mosdorf,Jan, 16nl2 Mostowicz, Arnold, 322-23 Mubarak, Hosni Muhammad, 18 Munich, 17 Mussolini, Benito, 297 Myslowice, 46,51 Nachman of Breslov, rabbi, 18nl9 Najberg, Leon, 261 Nakam, group, 242-44 Nansen, Fridtjof, 79n5 Nansen passport, 179 Narew, river, 91n8,402-3 Narutowicz, Gabriel, 29, 509 Nasz Przeglqd, newspaper, 164n3 National Alliance (Stronnictwo Narodowe), 509 National Armed Forces. See NSZ National Democracy. See ND National-Radical Camp. See ONR ND (Narodowa Demokracja), 16nl2, 187-89,191, 509 Neged Ha-Zerem, newspaper, 336,466,499 Neuengamme, 497 Neustadt, Leon, 492 Neustadt, Melekh, 6,74n44,75n49, 301-2,309,355,449-50,466nl5 Neveh Shaanan, 410 New York, 7,208n44,358,371,393,405, 408,426,493, 522 New Zionist Organization, 493 Niewiadomski, Eligiusz, 29 NKVD, 516 Norway, 42 Nowa Mlodziez, newspaper, 494 Nowodworski, Dawid, 144,147,152, 157,159-60,333,359,363,395, 404,406,413,421-22,430,434-35, 445,447-48,453,477,482 Nowogrodzki, Majus, 7,360,405,450 Nowy Dwôr Mazowiecki, 85-86, 88, 90-94,96,100-1,112,396,413, 423-24 NSDAP, 50,408 NSZ (Narodowe Sily Zbrojne), 234n2, 338,389,509 number for life, 57,136,146,166, 210-12,366,503,506,510, 515 Nuremberg, 242nl4 occupied territory. See German occupa tion Ochota,
219,434 Odessa, 37 Ogôrek, Chana, 184 Ojforojz, Der, newspaper, 499 OMTUR (Organizacja Mlodziezy Towarzystwa Uniwersytetu Robotniczego), 443,521 Oneg Shabbat, 216n50,386-87,496, 514 ONR (Obôz Narodowo-Radykalny), 16-17,27,31,202,509 Opolion, factory owner, 141-42,453, 462 Opoczno, 115-16,118-20,123,125, 130,134-36,139,359,381 ORT (Organizacja Rozwoju Twôrczosci Przemyslowej, Rzemie^lniczej i Rolniczej wsrôd
Index Ludnosci Zydowskiej), 53,64,333,339, 349,383,407,410,516 Orzech, Maurycy, 294 Osçka, Janusz, 32 Ostrôw Mazowiecka, 413,503 Ostrowiec Kielecki (nad Kamienn^ / Swiçtokrzyski), 332,338,340, 355,368,382,395,419,431,440, 446-47,452-54,462,468 Oswiçcim. See Auschwitz Otwock, 89,117,183nl2,208n45,360 Pajewski, Tadeusz, 216n50 Palestine, 6,74n44,116,125-26,128, 142,161,172nll, 179,230,241, 242nl3,280,296-98,333,338, 344-45,360,362,367,378,384, 391,394,397,404-5,415,418-19, 422,424,428-29,433-36,447-48, 453,463,468,470,491,493,495, 497-99,505,507,509-10 Papier, Pnina. See Grynszpan-Frymer, Pnina Papier, Zygmunt (Zysiek), 92-93,98-99, 100n27,102n33,104,106n42,340, 423-24,435,477,484 Paris, 178,183nl 1,191,417 partisan units, 42,74,80,107,110-12, 153-54,159,161,234,242nl5,270, 334,336,338,342-43,345,349, 363,372,378,384,386,389,391, 396-97,400-1,411,424,426,430, 435,437,441,443,445,451-53, 456-59,461,487,503,509,519-21 Pasamonik, Rebeka (Rywka), 245,353, 378,424-25,432,480 Pat, Jakub, 226,293n7,294 Pawiak, prison, 16nl2,172,191,216n50, 371, 373,396,461,466,487,492, 499, 503,505,507 Peltel, Fajgele (Wladka) 107,141nl9, 301,348,350,358,378,426,438, 443,447,458,464,485 People’s Army. See AL People’s Guard. See GL People’s Republic of Poland, 14n3, 29n45,33n55,35n60,36n63,188, 195n29,209n47,320n37,494, 508-9,521 Perelman, Mejlach, 65-72,302-3,418, 426,477,481 Peretz, Yitzhak Leib, 37,407 Perlstein, Leon, 428n9 Petakh Tikva, 241 Piaseczno, 240,410,432 Pilsudski, Jozef, 23n29,495 Pinkiert, Mordechaj, 144n27,170n8 Pihsk, 25,428 Piwnik, Jan (Ponury), 25n37 Pionier (Pioneer),
163,459,496,510 Piotrkôw, 323,358,366,417,436 Plaszôw, 375 Plewczyhska, Janina, 202 Plock, 119,131,374 Plotnicka, Chahcia (Chana), 149-50, 404,428,455,477,485 Pludy, 349-51,378,462 Poalej Syjon Left (Poalei Zion Smol), 104n36,216n50,226,230,334,342, 369,376,386,394,410-11,413, 416-17,435,439,445,451,465, 467,475-79,484-85,494,498,507, 510-11,514,521 Poalej Syjon Right (Poalei Zion Yemin, 98,150,154,159,278,333,340, 371-72,412,415,419-20,467, 475-79,482,495-96, 507,510-11, 514 Podkowa Lesna, 131 Pocalun, Eugenia, 7 Podolski, Ignacy, 503 pogrom, 16,22n25,23,29,36,182,193, 320,382,506, 509, 513 Poland, 3,5-6,13,16-18,20,22-23, 25n38,27,29n44,29n47,34-37, 541
542 Index 44,47, 51,71,81-82,86,101,113, 161,172,175,177-78,180,183, 190-94,196,209n47,221,233nl, 243,250n27,252,255,258,261n38, 279-80,287,296,298nl6,314-15, 319-20,331nl, 335-36,342,346, 351-52,358,367,370-71,378, 381-82,403,412,415,417,424, 426-27,428nl0,433,438,442,445, 449-50,452,456,459,464,471, 489,491,493-99,501,503,505-17, 521-22 Poleszuk, Wlodzimierz, 399 Polish Army (WP), 24n30,29n46, 289n4,292,445,450, 502,504 Polish Communist Party, 236n5,351, 373,410,510 Polish government-in-exile, 227n2,475, 499,502,505,522 Polish Peoples Army (LWP), 353,399. See also AL Polish police (dark-blue police), 121, 125,131,134,192n25,271,277, 336,354,357,359,378,385,399, 413,426,433,436,442,491, 511, 517-19 Polish Socialist Party. See PPS Polish Underground State, 24n31,496, 522 Polish United Workers’ Party. See PZPR PolishWarsawrising, 14,23-24n30,27, 29n46,31-32, 80,110-11,172, 192,197-98,208n44,234n2,241, 252n31,254,259n36,265n44,319, 342,344-46,353-54, 358,362, 367,369,371,384,388,407,409, 414,417,424,426,431,433,441, 450-51,459,464,471,489,499, 519-20 Polish Workers’ Party. See PPR Polityka, journal, 196n31 Pomiechôwek, 88n2,90n3,91-93,424 Ponary, 120-21,387 Poniatowa, 346,454,519 Popieluszko, Jerzy, 34 Posner, rabbi, 179 Pow^zki, 489 POWs (prisoners of war), 24n30,25, 121n7,198,242nl4,370,375,378, 381,460,504 Poznah, 13,38,189,368 PPR (Polska Partia Robotnicza), 8, 62,67, 105,153,159-60,236n5, 272n49,293,331,333,339-40, 343, 351-52,354,357,363,370,373, 375,384-86,390,392,397-98, 400-1,403,405,411,421-22,436, 440,443-44,448,451,460-61,463, 469-71,479-83,485-86,498, 502,
510,512,516 PPS (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna), 15,23,216,230,236n5,252n31, 267n45,294n8,318n31, 342,374, 401,428,441,443,464,486,493, 495,511-12,516,521 PPS-WRN (Wolnosc, Rôwno^c, Niepodleglosc), 318n31 Praga, Rafal, 318yf Prague, 20 Praszkier (Praszker), Jakub, 104,248n25, 349,351,386,418,429,477,484 Provisioning Authority, 77n54,256,390, 433 Pruszkôw, 198,208n44,265,319,338, 406,433,454-55, 507 Przeglqd Powszechny, newspaper, 34 Przelom, newspaper, 46 Przemyk, Grzegorz, 29 Przemysl, 319 Przytyk, 23,29n47 Putermilch, Jakub, 62,81-82,113,145, 384,424,430,451,458,477,482 Puzak, Kazimierz (Bazyli), 318 PWN, publishing house, 371,376
Index PZPR (Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza), 8,33,236n5,314n28, 497,512 Raczkiewicz, Wladyslaw, 522 Radom, 23,121,364,398 Radomsko, 353,440 Radomysl, 179 Rajszczak, Feliks (Felek), 278,354,421, 431,486 Rajszczak, Tadeusz (Tadek), 101,252, 431 Rakowski, Mieczyslaw, 33 Rappaport, Natan, 49 Ratajzer, Kazik (Rotem, Simcha), 3, 8,75, 86,108,170,233,248n25,258n35, 284,298,340-41,343-44,349, 352, 354,362,377,381,405,408,41314,417,420-21,424,429,432-33, 441,444,447,464,471,484 Ravensbrück, 386,497 Rawa Mazowiecka, 342 Rawicz, 318n31 Reagan, Ronald, 30 Red Cross, 197,384,464 Reich, 22,495-96, 504,517,519 Rembertôw, 343,387,442,466 Riga, 493 Righteous Among the Nations, medal, 44n6,210n47,251,252п31,331, 387,410,429,431,441,444,459, 464,505 Ring, union, 360,494,508 Ringelblum, Emanuel, 216-17,289,422, 501,504, 511,514. See also Oneg Shabbat Rodai, Leon, 289,501,519 Romania, 81, 113,161, 336, 360,424, 453 Rome, 29n47 Ron, Szmuel (Rozencwajg), 4,41,49nl6, 51,335,396 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 294, 505,522 Rotblat, Lutek (Lejb), 245,248n25,353, 357,389,434-35,441,446,466, 477,481,491 Rotszajn, Heniek, 94 Rotem, Gina, 258 Rotem, Simcha. See Ratajzer, Kazik Rowecki, Stefan (Grot), 23-24 Rôzaôski, Eliahu (Elek), 337,389,409, 423,438,486 Rozenfeld, Michal, 436-37,357,422, 456,479 Rozenfeld, Rôzka, 352, 362,385,434, 436-37,477,482 Rozenman, Adam, vii Rozensztajn, Rywka (Stasia), 208,228, 236,265,310,312-14,318,365, 367,383,438 Rozental, Mordechaj, 119-20 Rozowski, Lejb (Lejbl), 306,344,416, 437,477,484 Rozowski, Welwl (Wolf), 4,207,226-28, 231,306,310,313,315-16,342,
363,365,368,379,396,400,407, 438,451,455-56,458,483,488 Rubehczyk, Mosze, 477,488, 521 Rybicki, Jôzef, 292 Rudnicki, Lew, 402,439,477,482 Rufeisen-Schüpper, Heia, 154n47,336, 341,343,357,401,435,441-42, 444-45,466,486 Rumkowski, Chaim Mordechaj, 322-23 Russia, 13-14,54,128,180,190,293n7, 345,356-57,371,407,411,493,516 SA (Sturmabteilung), 23n25 Sachsenhausen, 24n30,497 Sadowska, Barbara, 29n48 Sak, Jôzef, 6,236,265,338 Sakowska, Ruta, 512 Samsonowicz, Ignacy (Leszczyöski, Tadeusz), 6,366,464 543
544 Index Saska Kçpa, 163,172,174,239,388, 470-71 Sawicka, Krystyna, 516 Sawicka, Marysia, 208n44,236,265,271, 371,441,443,458,463,486,512 Sawicka, Paula, 314 SB (Sluzba Bezpieczehstwa). See UB Schüpper, Heia. See Rufeisen-Schüpper Schwarzbart, Ignacy, 6,296,298 SDKPIL, 494 Security Service. See UB Sejm, 29,36n63,260 Shaulists, 169 Sherer, Emanuel, 6 Shoah, 177 Shomer, 303,334-38,350,361,370,380, 385,388-89,392-93,401,406,409, 422,425,430,435,445-47,455, 462,465-66,470,497-99, 500 Shulman, Victor, 294n9 Siauliai, 331 Siberia, 408,429,463 Siekierski, Mieczyslaw, 442-43,485 Siewierski, Stefan, 252,443-44,463,486 Sikorski, Wladyslaw, 259n36, 522 Sila-Nowicki, Wladyslaw, 221 Silesia, 466,505 Silverstein, Leokadia (Hamersztajn, Lodzia), 110,175,337,362 Six-Day War, 193n28 Skala, 121 Skarzysko-Kamienna, 408,433 Skif, 54,312,322,345,349-50,356,363, 365,378,383,394,399,407,418, 426,437-38,493-94 Skra, sports club, 267n45,441,512 Skrzeszewska-Wysocka, Zosia. See Frydman, Renia Slonim, 355,391,398 Slowacki, Juliusz, 317,361 n7 Slovakia, 42 Slowo Mlodych, newspaper, 120,497 Sobibôr, 197nl,497 Socialist Youth Organization Life. See Zycie Society for the Propagation of Labor among the Jews. See ORT Sokôlka, 386,427 Sokôlka, Szyfra (Stenia), 336 Solidarity, movement, 21n21,34n58, 35-36 Sokolôw, 333,360,377 Sorbonne, 180 Sosnkowski, Kazimierz, 259n36 Sosnowiec, 41-44,46n8,337,358,500 Soviet Army, 31,456,395,510 Soviet occupation, 120n7,398,497,499 Soviet Union, 385,512. See also USSR Spartakus, Union of Independent Socialist Youth, 362,385,421, 434,437,459,516 Spasowski, Wladyslaw, 44 SR
(Socialist Revolutionary Party), 14-15,179,516 Érodula, 44 SS (Schutzstaffel), 22n25,91n8,120, 121n7,125,127,133,242nl4,265, 315,332,375,410,460,466,493, 517 SS-Werterfassungstelle, 99,136,138,166, 372,517 Stalin, Joseph, 21,30,190,352 Starobielsk, 489 Starzyriski, Stefan, 320n34 Stein, Dawid. See Sztajn Sterdyn, 333,360 stigmatization of the Jews, 29n47, 88, 90,118,164,167,373,517. See also number for life Stolak, Abram, 64,100n27,102,107, 274,423-24,445,478,484 Stroop, Jürgen, 103n34 Strzaly, newspaper, 385,516 Strzelecka, Jadwiga, 174,471
Index Stutthof, 497 Suknik, Icchok (Koza), 64,357,442, 444-46,477,481 Sweden, 208n45,320,353,408,429 Swidowska, Inka. See Blady-Szwajger, Adina Swiçcicki, Tytus, 31 Éwital, Stanislaw, 31-32,371 Éwiçtochowski, Wladyslaw (Wladek), 316,342,430,451,458-59,486 Switzerland, 126 Sword and the Plow, The, movement (Miecz i Plug), 288-89 synagogue, 20,22n25, 86,115,120, 180-81,360,398,441,519 Syrkin, Nachman, 510 Szajngut, Tuwia (Tadek), 159,169,272, 275-76,282,359,409,429,447-48, 453,471,486 Szapiro, Hanka. See Sawicka, Krystyna Szczecin, 195-96,346 Szerynski, Jôzef Andrzej (Szynkman), 217,401, 503,517-18 Sznajdmil, Berek, 75,105,292,302,340, 366,449-50,477,484 Szniper, Dow, 110,345,450,458,485 Szpigiel, Baruch (Bronek), 81,113n52, 225-231,316,342,368,379, 451-52,458,468,483 Szpigielman, Stefan, 179,208,345 Sztajn, Dawid, 332,395,452-53,482 Sztengiel, Moniek, 453,481, 521 Sztern, sports club, 369, 510 Szul-Kult, association, 415, 514 Szulman, Meir, 47 Szuster, Szlamek, 77-78,108,254-56,258, 264,274,281,284,306,352,354, 367,394,414,437,454-55,478,484 Szuster-Kron, Hela, 331,338, 340,406, 427,454-55 Szwarc, Meir, 149-50,154,336,362,379, 404,428,455-56,477,483 Szwarc, Szlomo (Szlojme), 231,456,477, 483 Szymahska, Zofia (Rozenblum), 183-84 Szyfman, Leja, 60,72, 363,457,478,481 Szyfman, Miriam, 60, 368, 370,457-58, 477,484 Tabaczyhski, Beniamin, 293n7, 294 Tajtelbaum, Niuta (Witwicka, Wanda / Rywa), 7,459-61,486 Tarbut, association, 116,334,339,359, 367,405,429,454,465,509,514-15 Tatra, mountains, 450 Tel Aviv, 83,113,115nl, 150n42,161, 175,241nl2,243,360,370,378,
384,410,412,424,430,454,471 Teller, Motek. See Siekierski, Mieczyslaw Tomaszôw Mazowiecki, 120-22,125,405 Torah, 49 TOZ (Towarzystwo Opieki Zdrowotnej), 394 Trawniki, 42,148-49,216n50,346,454, 519 Treblinka, 42,56nl2,57,59,96,115, 127-28,130,150-51,160,177nl, 202,204nn39-40,205n42,209, 213n48,225,227,343,346,349,352, 355,358-59,368,374,377,387,393, 399,403-4,412,416,422,425,438, 440,442,449,452,492,496-97,503, 506-8,510,515,517-19 Troki, 120 Trupianski, Yankl, 322 Trzeciak, Stanislaw, 16,29 TSKZ (Towarzystwo SpolecznoKulturalne Zydôw w Polsce), 315n28 TygodnikPowszechny, newspaper, 34,221 UB (Urzqd Bezpieczehstwa), 34n58, 35-36 Ujazd, 125-26 545
546 Index Ukraine, 42,182,294n8,495 Umschlagplatz, 54,56,96,98-99,149, 212,219,221,225,227,233,308, 313,337,341,343,346,349,352, 355,361,364,366,371,375-76,379, 386,391,399-400,409,425,438-40, 449,451,492,500,503,506,518 Union. See Bund Union of Armed Combat. See ZWZ Union of Polish Youth. See ZMP Unzer Vort, newspaper, 354 Uppsala, 221n57 USA, 293n7,320n34,371,492,494,505. See also America USSR, 17nl7,183nl3,509,512, 520. See also Soviet Union Vatican, 513 Vienna, 15 Vilnius, 47,120-21n7,242nl5,243nl6, 294n8,331,335-36,347,361,363, 385,387,419,427,447,449,465, 470,493,507,509 Virtuti Militari, Order, 7,259,405 Vistula, river, 34n58,37,49,77,90n3,91, 110,121,135,174,350,471 Vittel, 409,499 Volksdeutsche, 50,119,167,246,316, 422,519,521 W^chalska, Anna, 263,267,271,341, 354,426,441,443-44,463-64,486 Wajs, Kuba, 145,462,482 Wajsgruz, Minia, 226,342 Wald, Beniamin, 149,250,252,254,333, 343,360,368,393,395,432,439, 444,463,478,483,500 Walewski, Ryszard, 339 Walka Mlodych, newspaper, 386 Warman, Bronislawa (Feinmesser, Marysia), 202,236,279,302,321, 358,370-71,376,396,471,485 Warman, Zygmunt, 31n49,216,236,371, 417 Warsaw ghetto uprising, 3-4,6-9, 22, 25-27,70-71,97,112,146,205n41, 234,244,260-61,287,310,343, 346,363,379,401,409-10,417-18, 447,461, 501,509,511-12, 518-20 Warsaw rising. See Polish Warsaw rising Warsaw Polytechnic, 343,370,373 Warszawski, Dawid (Gebert), 196 Wasilewska, Wanda, 322 Wasser, Hirsz (Hersz), 102n33,342 Wdowmski, Dawid, 288 Werbkowice, 391,453,487,520-21 Wehrmacht, 495 Weil, Simone, 328 Wengrower, Jehuda, 70,74-75,78,107, 160-61,304,384,392,464,480, 481
Wi^zowna, 117,240 Wieliczka, 375 Wielun, 119 Wiernik, Jakub, 227n2 Wiernik, Lola, 226-27,341 Wiçz, newspaper, 34 Wilchelmôw, 131 Wilczyriska, Stefania, 204-5,338 wildcat residents, 5,135,210,212,276, 339,518,520-21 Wilner, Izrael (Jurek / Arie), 4,47, 170-71,250-51,295,308,312,335, 361,377,387,392,428nl0,435, 442,446,465-66,478,485-86, 500 Windman, Icchak (Lalo / Lala), 282,408 Winogron, Esterka, 204-6,466 Winogron,Jehoszua (Szlomo), 338-39, 379,392,401,430,435,466,478, 483 Wlodzimierz, 367, 508 Wola, 167,265,267,463-64 Wolf, Helena, 189 Workers’ Defense Committee. See KOR
Index Workers’ University Society Youth Organization. See OMTUR World War 1,179,342,493 World War II, 29n47,242nl3,492,496, 498-99,507-9,518 Wort, Dos, newspaper, 419 Wroclaw; 183n9,185 Wyszkôw, 74n44,80,110,270,333,336, 338, 342,349,350-51,358-59,363, 369,372,378-79,384,389,391, 396-97, 399-400,402-4,407,411, 413,422-24,427,430,434-35,437, 444-45,447,450-51,456,459,461 Wyszogrôd, 88n2,451 Yad Vashem, 251n30 Yagur, 344, 507 Yiddish, 4,9-10,37n64,70,72,86,116, 163,167,170n8,241,258,317,321, 332,339,354,359,361,376,383, 385,394,422,430,454,493-95, 498-99,510-11,514-15 YIVO, 7,405,408 Yugnt. See Jugnt Yugoslavia, 42 Za Naszq i Waszq Wolnosc, newspaper, 450 Zagiel, Sara, 8,375,469,478 Zakroczym, 88n2 Zalcman, Baruch (Bruch), 226, 342 Zamo^c, 36n64,419 Zamoszczer Sztyme, newspaper, 419 Zandman, Pnina, 76n49,344,430,468, 482-83 Zarchi, Alik, 208 Zarki, 446, 505 Zawiercie, 44,446 Zb^szyh, 22-23,194,496 Zegota Council for Aid to Jews, 209n47, 295nl 1,421,464 Zelechôw, 333-34 Zieja, Jan, 29 Zielislawice, 426 Ziemian, Jôzef (Jôzek), 321 Zionism, 17-18,194,298,301,498, 510-11 Zionist Revisionists, movement, 413, 501 ΖΚΝ (ZydowskiKomitetNarodowy), 308,315n28,342, 348,373,392, 420,502 ZMP (Zwi^zek Mlodziezy Polskiej), 494, 521 Znak, periodical, 34 ZOB (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa), 5-10,13,31n49,98n22,100n27, 136nl7,139-40,166-68,170n8, 171П10,172nll,207,215,216n49, 228,235n3,236-37,244-46,248, 257,264,268-69, 282n54,290,292, 294-95,301-2,317,322,331-33, 335-37,339-40,343-44,346, 348-49,353-54,356-59,361-62, 366,369-72,378-79, 381-84,
386-92,394-96,399-405,407411,414-17,419-20,423-26,428, 431-36,438,440-43,448-53,455, 458,462-69,470-71,475,478-80, 485-89,493-96,500-2,505,507, 512,517-19, 521,527 Zoliborz, 31,171,175,197,236-37,241, 342,354,362,367,369,371,414, 417,433,438 ZSS (Zydowska Samopomoc Spoleczna), 150n43,492 ZTOS (Zydowskie Towarzystwo Opieki Spolecznej), 54,291,393,503—4 Zurich Polytechnic, 29n45 Zweibaum, Juliusz, 185 ZWZ (Zwi^zek Walki Zbrojnej), 24n30. See also AK Zycie, socialist youth organization, 189, 373,436,459, 508 547
548 Index Zygielbojm, Szmuel, 217,296nl4,323, 450,522 Zylberberg, Heniek, 422,461,470,478, Zyrardôw, 89,319-21,347,362,390, 392,411,457 ZZW (Zydowski Zwi^zek Wojskowy), 481 5-6,136nl7,248,261,287-92, Zylberberg, Rachela, 374,380,470,479, 481 327n41,339,398,493,495, 501-2, 518-19 Zylberg, Luba. See Gawisar, Luba Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
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Contents Acknowledgments vii Part One Still Circling: Conversations with Soldiers of the Jewish Fighting Organization Recording the Holocaust What Was of Importance in the Ghetto? Nothing! Nothing! Don’t Be Ridiculous! Back Then, There Were Many Legends. Someone Must Have Pushed That Closet up Flush from Outside. I’m Telling You so Superficially Because I Don’t Remember We Were Just Rank-And-File Soldiers Well, I’m Here, Aren’t I? ! Truth Be Told, I Left My House in 1942 and Never Went Back And That’s All My Life Story I Know What I Know, And I Remember What I Remember None of It Is of Any Significance 13 41 53 85 115 163 177 225 233 287 Part Two Rereading the List: Stories about the Soldiers of the Jewish Fighting Organization List of Those Who Fell in the Defense of the Warsaw Ghetto A Rereading of the List A Cemetery of Letters, a Cemetery of Words 475 479 489 Glossary Bibliography Index 491 523 529 3
Bibliography In-person, telephone, and correspondence conversations Reuven Aloni, Hedera 2002 Hela Balicka-Kozlowska, Warsaw 2000-2001 Kazimiera Bergman, Ramat Efal 2002-2003 Adina Blady-Szwajgier, Warsaw and Israel 1990-1993 Awiwa Blum-Wachs, October 2021 Jarek Dulewicz, 2021 Marek Edelman, L6dz and Warsaw 1985-2009 Chawka Folman-Raban, Lohamei Ha-Getaot kibbutz and Warsaw 1988-2000 Leon Fudern, Wroclaw 2004 Luba Gawisar, Tel Aviv, 1988-2009 Masza Glajtman-Putermilch, Tel Aviv 1988-2006 Pnina Grynszpan-Frymer, Tel Aviv 1988-2006 Prof. Israel Gutman, Jerusalem and Warsaw 1988-2001 Irena Jaszuiiska, Warsaw 2000-2002 Eryk Kamieniecki, 2016 Aron Karmi, Tel Aviv 1988-1998 Wacek Kornblum, Warsaw 2021 Ewa Legiec, Warsaw 2012 Alina Margolis-Edelman, Paris, Warsaw, and Podkowa Lesna 1999-2007 Wojtek Mazan, 2021 Mayus/MarekNowogrodzki, 2015 Bronislaw Mirski (Slawek Friedman), Warsaw 2013-2015 Eugenia Pocalun, 2018 Jacek Podsiadlo, 2021 Kazik Ratajzer (Simcha Rotem), Jerusalem, Warsaw 1988-2013 Izchar Regev, 2021 Szmuel Ron, Jerusalem 1988-1999 Itay Rotem, 2021 Heia Rufeisen-Schiipper, Bustan Ha-Galil Moshav 2001 Julian Rutkowski (formerly Fiszgrund), Warsaw 2000 Tzvi Schacham, 2020 Lodzia Silverstein, Washington, D.C. 2000-2002 Dawid Stein, Haifa 2003 Jerzy Szapiro, Warsaw 2000 Bronek Szpigiel, Toronto, Warsaw 1999-2006 Bronek Szpigiel and Chajka Belchatowska, Montreal and Warsaw 1999-2005
524 Bibliography Heia Szuster-Kron, Tel Aviv 2003 Alina Swidowska, Warsaw 2021 Jerzy Warman, 2021 Depositions^ testimonies, documents; studies Adamowicz, Irena, [no title],Mosty 168, no. 46 (19IV1948). Assuntino, Rudi, andWlodek Goldkorn. Straznik.MarekEdelman opowiada. Krakow: Znak, 1999. Balicka-Kozlowska, Helena. Mur mial dwie strony. Warsaw: Bellona, 2002. Bartoszewski, Wladyslaw, and Zofia Lewinôwna, eds. Ten jest z ojczyzny mojej. Polacy z pomocq Zydom 1939-194S. 2nd edition. Cracow: Znak, 1969. Berg, Mary. "Pamiçtnikpisany wgetcie w maju i czerwcu 1943.” Mosty 168, no. 46 (19IV1948). Berland, Marian. Dni dlugiejak wieki. Warsaw: Nowa, 1992. Berlmski, Hersz. “Z dziennika czlonka komendy ZOB.” Biuletyn ZIH, no. 50 (1964). Blady-Szwajger, Adina. I wiçcej nie nie pamiçtam. 2nd edition. Warsaw: Znak, 1994. Borg, Bernard. “Powstanie na terenie ‘shopôw.’” Biuletyn ZIH, no. 5 (1953). Borzykowski, Tuwia. Between Tumbling Walls. Translated by Mendel Kohafiski. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 1976. Celemenski, Jakub. Mitnfarshnitenemfolk. New York: Unzer Tsayt, 1963. Cukierman, Icchak (“Antek”). A Surplus of Memory: Chronicle of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Translated and edited by Barbara Harshav. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. Datner, Szymon. Zbrodnie Wehrmachtu na jencach wojennych w II wojnie Iwiatowej. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo MON, 1961. Dunin-W^sowicz, Krzysztof, ed. Warszawa lat wojny i okupacji 1939-1944, books 1-4. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Warszawa, 1971-1975. Edelman, Marek. The Ghetto Fights. writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/Holocaust/warsaw-uprising. html.
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Mosty (2411948). Krall, Hanna. Shielding the Flame: An Intimate Conversation with Dr. Marek Edelman, the Last Surviving Leader of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Translated by Joanna Stasinska and Lawrence Weschler. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1977. Ksiçgi urodzeh wyznania mojzeszowego z lat 30. XX wieku [Records of Jewish births from the 1930s], USC [Registry Office], Ostrowiec Swiçtokrzyski. Kurzman, Dan. The Bravest Battle: 28 Days of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. New York: Da Capo Press, 1993. Legec, Wladyslaw i Stanislawa. “Zolnierze ZOB-u i ich przyjaciele." Biuletyn ZIH no. 5 (1953). Leociak, Jacek. Biografie ulic. O zydowskich ulicach Warszawy: od narodzin po Zagladç. Warsaw: Dom Spotkan z Historic, 2017. Lewin, Abraham. A Cup of Tears: A Diary of the Warsaw Ghetto. Translated by Christopher Hutton. London: Fontana, 1990. Liber, Brener. Umkum un vidershtand in chenstokhover getto. Warsaw, 1951. Libionka, Dariusz, and Laurence Weinbaum. Bohaterowie, hochsztaplerzy, opisywacze. Wokôl Zydowskiego Zwiqzku Wojskowego. Warsaw: Oficyna Wydawnicza, 2012. Lubetkin, Zivia. In the Days ofDestruction and Revolt. Translated from the Hebrew by Ishai Tubbin. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad/Am Oved Publishing House, 1981. Majerczak, Beniamin, Zydzi - zolnierze Wojsk Polskich polegli na frontach II wojny swiatowej. Warsaw: Bellona, 2001. Margolis-Edelman, Ala. Ala z elementarza. London: Aneks, 1994. Mark, Bernard. Powstanie w getcie warszawskim. Warsaw: Zydowski Instytut Historyczny, 1954. 525
526 Bibliography --------- . Powstanie w getcie warszawskim na tie ruchu oporu w Police. Geneza i przebieg. 2nd edition. Warsaw: Zydowski Instytut Historyczny, 1954. ---------. WXV rocznicç powstania w getcie warszawskim. Warsaw: Komitet obchodu 15-tej rocznicy powstania w getcie warszawskim, 1958. ---------. Zycie i walka mlodziezy w gettach w okresie okupacji hitlerowskiej (1939-1944). Warsaw: Iskry, 1961. Meed, Vladka. On Both Sides of the Wall. Memoirs of the Warsaw Ghetto. Translated by Steven Meed. New York: Random House Inc., 1979. Melamed, Aliza. “Z pamiçtnikagniazdaw getcie warszawskim.” Mosty 168 no. 46 (19IV1948). Mirski, Bronislaw. “Przygotowania do powstania i pierwsze boje na terenie szczotkarzy.” Biuletyn ZIH no. 5 (1953). Moczarski, Kazimierz. Rozmowy z katem. 2nd edition. Warsaw: Znak, 1983. Najberg, Leon. Ostatni powstancy getta. Warsaw: Zydowski Instytut Historyczny, 1993. Neustadt, Melekh. Khurbn un oyfshtandfun diyidn in Varshe. Eydes-bleter un azkores. Translated by D.B. Malkin. Tel Aviv: Executive Committee of the General Federation of Jewish Labour in Palestine and the Jewish National Workers’Alliance in U.S.A., 1948. Plopiitskah, Hants’ah. Mikhtavim veDivrei Zikaron. Tel Aviv: ha-Kibuts ha-me'uhad, 1945. Powstanie w ghetcie warszawskim 1943 r. Zbiôr dokumentôw. Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Literatury Politycznej, 1945. Prekerowa, Teresa. Konspiracyjna Rada Pomocy Zydom w Warszawie 1942-1945. Warsaw: Pahstwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1982. [Ratajzer, Kazik], “Jak walczylo getto. Ze wspomnieh powstahca zydowskiego.” Robotnik no. 95 (19IV1945).
“Reminiscence of Sara Biederman” [Hebrew original]. Dapim no. 301 (21VII1972). Ringelblum, Emanuel. Kronika getta warszawskiego. Wrzesien 1939-styczeh 1949. Translated by Adam Rutkowski. Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1983. Rotem, Simha (“Kazik”). Memoirs of a Warsaw Ghetto Fighter. Translated from the Hebrew and edited by Barbara Harshav. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994. Rudnicki, Henryk. Martyrologia i zaglada Zydôw warszawskich. L6dz: n.p., 1946. Rufeisen-Schüpper, Hela. Pozegnanie Milej 18. Wspomnienia Iqczniczki Zydowskiej Organizacji Bojowej. Cracow: Beseder, 1996. Sakowska, Ruta, ed. Archiwum Ringelbluma-getto warszawskie. Lipiec 1942-styczen 1943. Warsaw: Zydowski Instytut Historyczny, 1980. ---------. Dwa etapy. Hitlerowska polityka eksterminacji Zydôw w oczach ofiar. Wroclaw: Ossolineum, 1986. ---------. Ludzie z dzielnicy zamkniçtej. Zydzi w Warszawie w okresie hitlerowskiej okupacji pazdziernik 1939-marzec 1943.2nd edition. Warsaw: PWN, 1993. Silverstein, Leokadia. Tak wlalnie byto. Translated by Hanna Sochacka-Kozlowska. Warsaw: Zydowski Instytut Historyczny, 2002. Stein, Dawid. "Ostatnia Wielkanoc w getcie warszawskim.” Mosty 168 no. 46 (19IV1948). Shulman, Abraham. The Case of Hotel Polski: An Account of One of the Most Enigmatic Episodes of World War Π. New York: Holocaust Library, 1982. Temkin-Bermanowa, Basia. Dziennikzpodziemia. Warsaw: Twôj Styl, 2000. Tych, Feliks ed. Slownik biograficzny dzialaczy polskiego ruchu robotniczego. Warsaw: Ksiqzka i Wiedza, 1987.
Bibliography Tokarska-Bakir, Joanna. Spoleczny portret pogromu kieleckiego, vols. 1 and 2. Warsaw: Czarna Owca, 2008. Wala [Marek Edelman]. Nasi bohaterowie, "Za waszq i naszq wolnott. "April 1946. Zeznanie dr. Ryszarda Walewskiego [Statement of Dr. Ryszard Walewski], AIPN, GK, 317/874, vol. 1. Protokôl rozprawy glôwnej Jürgena Stroopa [Transcript of the main hearing ofJürgen Stroop], box 15 (19 VII1951). Ziemian, Jôzef. Papierosiarze z placu Trzech Krzyzy. Warsaw: Niezalezna Oficyna Wydawnicza, 1989. Unpublished reports from the archives of the Jewish Historical Institute 1678,Alef,B. 5042, Bauman, Eliasz 1683, Cukierman, Icchak 5002, Edelman, Marek 5064, Flamenbaum, Mojzesz 302/186, Goldman, B. 5016, Jaworski, Michal 5039, Lehman, Jôzef 659, Lista powstaricôw napisana przez Bernarda Marka [List of insurgents written by Bernard Mark] 5006, Mirski, Bronislaw (Frydman) 302/206, Motyl, Binem 5061, Polisiuk, A. 5011, Popower, Karl 5010, Reich-Ranicki, Marcel 4423, Swiçtochowski, Wladyslaw 6467, Swiçtochowski, Wladyslaw 5009, Teller 318, zespôl [fonds] ZWZ, Siekierski, Mieczyslaw 5021, Zymler, J.J. Zwi^zek Walki Zbrojnej fonds, file no. 10, pp. I-XVII, spis czlonkôw zwi^zkôw zydowskich uczestnikôw walki zbrojnej z faszyzmem, sporz^dzony przez Zarzqd Wojewôdzki w Lodzi 5IV 48 [list of members ofJewish associations who participated in military combat against fascism, drawn up by the Provincial Executive in L6dz on April 5,1948], signed by B. Majerczak. Photographic sources The photographs of the ZOB fighters that accompany their biographies are taken from the follow ing sources:
J. Celemeüski, Mitnfarshnitenemfolk, New York 1963; J.S. Herz, Doyres Bundistn, New York 1956; Der Bund in Bilder, New York 1958; Die Geshikhtefun a Yugnt, New York 1946; 527
528 Bibliography В. Mark, Powstanie w getcie warszawskim na tie ruchu oporu w Police. Geneza i przebieg, Warsaw 1954; Μ. Neustadt, Khurbn un oyfshtandfun diyidn in Varshe. Eydes-bleter un azkores, Tel Aviv 1948; L. Silverstein, Tak wlafnie bylo, Warsaw 2002; and private collections. The contemporary portraits of my interlocutors in the first section of the book are by Adam Rozenman. The presumed provenance of the photographs from the Collection of tukasz Biedka is discussed in the introduction.
Index Adamowicz, Irena, 331,362,387,462, 486 Agudat Israel, 261,512 Africa, 42 AK (Armia Krajowa), 23-27,31n51,47, 80,112,160n50,168n5,174-75, 195n29,209n47,234-35,236n4, 239,250-51,253,272-73,277-78, 292n6,295-96,320-21,331,346, 362,366,377,384,387-89,396, 402,421,426,430-31,433,499, 501-2, 505,519-20 Akiba, 245,248,302,343,351,353,367, 378,395,400,425,434-35,441, 445,475-77,479,481,486-87,491, 497-98 AL (Armia Ludowa), 24,27,47,112, 197,216n49,235-37,250,252n31, 278,280,282,302n23,344,346, 353, 362,384,408,414,424,429, 433, 503,510,520 Allies, 242nl4,499,525 Aloni, Reuven, 470 Alter, Aron, 333,401-2,482 Alter, Wiktor, 320n34 Alterman, Ewa, 64 Alterman, Szlojme (Szlomo), 75,79,334, 391,475,484 Altman, Tosia, 47,49,98n24,107,304, 334-35,341,353,392,428n9,435, 475,485 America, 3,18,37,153,195,239,288, 293-94,310,312,314,320,355,363, 394,408,459,499. See also USA American Jewish Distribution Committee. SeeJoint Anders’ Army, 371 Aneks, journal, 221 Anielewicz, Mordechaj, 4,27,41,49nl6, 66-68,98n24,166,170,248,255, 262,264,289,290-91,295-96,301, 303,307-8,323,328,336-37,357, 361-62,370, 380,388,392,401, 414,427,439,442,446,451-52, 466,468,470,475,479, 500-1, 519 Antisemitism, 16, 21n23, 22n25, 29, 31n50,36,182,187-95,288n2, 508-9,513-14 April uprising, 5-8,65,74,80,101,103, 140-42,146-51,153-55,170n8, 219,245,257-58,262,270-71,308, 317,321,331,333-35,337-44, 346-47,349-54,357-60,362-66, 368-74,376-80,382-463,466-70, 475,479,486,487n2,491,495, 498-503, 507,509, 511,518-20 Argentina, 174 Arsenal operation, 24-25,328,492 Artsztajn, Zachariasz, 9,338-39,347,
352-53,362,364,370,372-73, 390-91,397,406,416,436,439-40, 448,455,457,467,480, 500 Aryan papers, 125, 506, 511. See also Kennkarte Aryan side, 23-25,27,48-49,75,78,80, 82,90,93,102n33,106-8, ПО, 133, 143,146-47,152-53,155,166-68, 172nll, 183п9,183п12,192п25, 204,207-8,216п49,218,226-27, 250-51,253-55,268,298,308,310, 315п28,347,381,465,492,507, 515,518-19
530 Index Ashkelon, 49nl6 assimilated family, 163,180-83,194,370, 393,403,411,434,449,470,491 Association ofJewish Medical Students, 189 Auschwitz, 16nl2,21,26,46-48, 51, 64, 88n2,96,100n28,121,177nl, 191,202,203n38,210n47,322n39, 323n40,335,346,352,371,382, 386,401,409,412,448, 507 Auschwitz-Birkenau, 495,497,499 Bafrajung Arbeter Sztyme, journal, 419 Baginen, newspaper, 385 Balicka-Kozlowska, Helena, 252,344 Baran, Dwora, 254-56,258,340,475,484 Baranowicze, 335,398,428 Bartoszewski, Wladyslaw, 209-10 Bauman, Zygmunt, 221-22 Beatus, Frania, 268-69,340-41,454,485 Bçdzin, 41,43-44,51,149,308,335, 337,358,372,420,428, 500 Befehlsstelle, 147,151,399,405,411, 493 Beit Borochow, 372 Beitjaakow, 514 Belarus, 13,15,25n37,356 Belchatowska, Halina (Chajka), 3,81-82, 113n52,225-231,341-42,349,379, 451-52,458,483 Belgium, 204n39,445,522 Belzec, 42,497 Bemowo, 31n49 Ben Gurion, David, 296 bench ghetto, 187-88,360,459,508-9, 513. See also Black Hundreds Bednarczyk, Jôzef. See Grynblatt, Jôzef Bergen-Belsen, 382,386,401,442,499 Bergman, Kazimiera, 342,436,460 Berlin, 194,439,464,516 Berlihski, Hirsz (Hersz), 77,98-102, 104-6,230,307,342,350,364, 369,376,384,387,410,413,416, 423-24,432,467,479,484,500 Berman, AdolfAbraham, 170n8,295 Bermanowa, Basia, 342 Betar, 50,291,336,361,383,470,493, 501 Bielecki, Czeslaw, 36 Bialowieza, 503 Bialy, Michal. See Rozenfeld, Michal Bialystok, 331,335,345,356,360, 386-87,398,402,409,427-28,430, 449,451,467,500 Biederman, Sara (Serafin, Krysia), 171, 341,343-44,483 Biedka, Eukasz, vii, 4,528 Bilak, Janek, 75,106,110,274,305,345, 424,450,484 Biuletyn
Informacyjny, journal, 168,388, 505 Bielsko, 46,431 Blady-Szwajgier, Adina (Inka), 3, 175-222,236,276,279-80,301-2, 310-12,315-17,319,345-48,358, 367,371,376,417,485 Black Hundreds, 16 Black Panthers, 20 Blank, Marek, 145,347,475,482 Blaustein (Blausztajn), Icchak, 339,347, 352,370,373,419,435,453,475, 481 Blones, Guta, 107,141-42,226-27,274, 312,349-50,378,475,484 Blones, Jurek, 7,100,106-8,226,312, 341,345,349-50,354,356,365, 378,400,405,424,426,432,434, 437,475,484 Blones, Eliezer (Lusiek), 77,107,226,274, 305,312,349-51,378,475,484 Blofiski,Jan, 221 Blum, Abram, 107,207,215,274, 347-48,352,354,366,426,443, 450,476,484
Index Blum-Bielicka, Luba, 347,416-17 Bnei Akiba, 498 Boernerowo, 31-32,241,280,354,371 Borg, Bernard, 351-52,392,482 Borochow kibbutz, 333,340,342,355, 360,369,390,410,416-17,444, 498 Borochow, DowBer, 353,498,510 Borzykowski, Tuwia (Tadek), 6,31n49, 78,171,175,177,262,310,353-55, 362,372,385,392,399,414,417, 431,440,448,471,480 Boy Scout, 48,116,292,301,304,420, 485-86 Brandt, Karl, 134-36 Brahsk, 467 Bratniak, medics’ association, 189 Braude, Berl (Brojde), 62,344,351,355, 360,368,378,392,394,411,425, 431,444,448,454,468-69,480 Braude-Hellerowa, Anna, 205,412 Breslov, 18nl9 Brezhnev, Leonid, 30 Brzozowska, Helena. See Goldkorn, Dorka brushmakers’ yard, 64,77,100-3, 105n36,139-40,146-47,151,207, 230,248n25,252,255,257-58,261, 287-88,302,334,339-40,342,345, 347,349-51,359,364,366,368-69, 377,386-87,390-91,394,398,400, 402,405-6,410-12,416,418,421, 423,429,431-32,434-36,446,450, 455,458,461,469,479,483,493, 520 Brünnlitz, 375 Brylantsztajn, Stasiek (Staszek), 75,105, 340,355-56,484 Bryskin, Pawel (Aron), 62,67,331,343, 356-57,389,400,411,423,440, 442,444,446,468,480 Bucharest, 82,161 Budzyh, 375 Bug, river, 334,384,391,397,400,413, 435,445,456,468 Bujak, Zbigniew (Zbyszek), 25-26, 35-36,38,225 Bund (General Jewish Labor Bund), 6, 15,22-23,24n31,53-54,60,71, 74,101,103n36,105-7,110,149, 181,208n44,225-26,230,239,245, 262-63,267,279,283,294-95, 296nl4,301,303,315n28,320n34, 341-42,345,347-50,356,358, 360-61,363,365-66,368,370-71, 374,377,379,382-83,385-86,389, 393-94,396-97,399-400,402, 404-5,407,412,416,418,424-27, 429-30,433-34,437-38,441,448, 450-51,455-58,461-62,464,467,
475-79,481,483-86,493-94, 500, 502,508,512,514, 522 Canada, 64,81,342,452 Casimir III, the Great, king of Poland, 29 Catholic Church, 16,20, 29,34-35,189, 265n43,513 Celemehski, Jakub (Celek), 270,350, 358,378-79,485 CENTOS, 291,436,494. See also ZTOS Central Committee of Polish Jews. See CKZP Chagall, Marc, 37 cheder, 116,334,342,355,359,378,419, 432,449,463 Chelmno nad Nerem, 42,496-97 China, 37,322 Chmielnicki, Aron. See Karmi, Aron Chmielnicki, Icchak, 118 Chmielnocki, Nachum, 360,475,486 Chorew, 514 Chorzôw, 258n35 Chrusciel, Antoni, 292 Churchill, Winston, 522 531
532 Index Ciechanôw, 360 Ciechocinek, 360, 510 CISzO, 53,208n44,345,349-50,356, 360,363,377-78,383,394,407, 422,426,457,514 CKZP (Centralny Komitet Zydôw Polskich), 183,412,424 Collection of Studium Polski Podziemnej, 475 Communism, 15,20,33-35,373,370, 513 Communist Union of Polish Youth, 459, 510 Constanta, 82,453 Coordinating Committee, 308,348,420, 426,450,502. See also ZKN Crimea, 357 Crystal Night, 22-23 Cukierman, Icchak (Antek), 6,8-9, 31n49,31n51,78,82-83,106,113, 155,170n8,171nl0,174-75nl3, 237nl0,291,300n21,302n23,339, 341,344,350,355,357,361-62, 377,382,389,393,408,414, 417-18,420,429,433,442,447, 449,454,463,471,479,495,497, 500-501,520 Cukierman, Ilana, 135 Cukunft, 54,225,342,345,348-50,356, 363,377-78,383,389,407,427, 434,437-38,448,491,493-94, 521 Cukunft-Szturm, 365,368,382,396,400, 412,450 curfew, 49,59,263,346,438 Cyprus, 242nl3 Cyrankiewicz, Jôzef, 33,320 Czas, magazine, 3,13 Czechoslovakia, 20n20,113,384 Czerniakôw, Adam, 27,41,192n25, 215-17,322-23,492,494-95 Czerniakôw farm, 245-46,250,301,331, 338-40,343,353,357,362,365, 372,390,396,398,402-3,406,414, 424-25,427,430-32,439,444,448, 455,457,469 Czerwirisk, 88n2 Czerwony Bôr, 402-3 Czçstochowa, 121,175,236n7,271,282, 333-34,342,346,382,408,420, 426,433,437,440,446-47,465, 469, 500,505 Czyzyk, Cipora, 242 Dubrowa, 160n50 Dubrowa Basin, 419,500 Danzig. See Gdahsk Dawidowicz, Tobcia (Tauba), 231,363, 368,379,388,406,475,483 Dead Sea, 296 Death March, 64,323,495 deportation from the ghetto. See große Aktion Diamant, Abraham (Awram), 100, 102n33,340,364,476,484 Diaspora, 18,194,493,495,510 Dmowski, Roman,
509 Dziennik Ludowy, newspaper, 294n8 Dnieper, river, 37 Dobuchno, Szaul, 475,487,521 Domb, engineer, 172,174 Donetsk, 404 Dresden, 382,494 Dror, 6,48,67,101,103n36,171nl0, 236n7,313,333-34,338,340,343, 347,353,355,360-62,365,368, 372,387,390-92,394,397-98, 403-4,406-7,410-11,414,416, 419,422-23,428,430-31,436,440, 444,446-48,453-55,462-63,467, 469,475-78,479-81,483-87,491, 495-97,507,511,520 Dubinski, Dawid, 293n7,294 Duhski, Cwi (Sewek), 47,344,365,475, 484
Index Edelman, Marek, 3,5-10,13,14n3, 24n31,31n49,31n51,34n59, 35n60,38,53-54,60,74,100,105, 146,166,178n2,196,217,228n3, 234,248n25,259n36,270n47, 272n49,283n55,287,296nl2, 300n21,312,316n29,320,327n41, 328,332,335,337,339,342,344, 346-50,353,356,360-61,363, 365-67,373,377-78,380,383,390, 393-94,396,410,412-15,417,421, 423,427,432,438,441-42,451, 456,458,463,471,479,489,494, 497,500-1,519 Egypt, 37,193n28 Einsatzgruppen, 58,122,495 Einstein, Brucha, 226,368 Einstein, Cypora, 226,368,483 Ejgier, Abraham (Eiger, Awram / Josek), 105,254,256,332,340,368,476, 484 Engelking, Barbara, 318-19 England, 37,202,371 Eretz Israel, 7,46-47,50,60, 81-82,101, 106,113,242-43,338,342,355, 360,391,396,403,416,420,441, 465,493,497 Erlich, Eliahu (Alek / Elek), 100n27, 102n33,342,369,484 Estonia, 493 Ethiopia, 37 expropriation activity (“exes”), 102, 252-54,287,293,359,383,390, 401,412,421,456,495 extermination camps, 23n27, 88n2,91n8, 146,149n41,169n6,170n7,177nl, 209n47,213n48,233nl, 387, 428nl0,491-92,495-97,499,505, 508,519 Europe, 16nl3,37,179,241,260, 296-97,300,392,492-93,495,498, 518 Fajgenblat, Jakub (Jakob, Jacek), 145-46, 359,369,388, 393,396,402,411, 421,430,476,482 Fajner (Feiner), Abram (Awram), 230, 370,410,457,476,486 Falanga, 17,27,31,509 Falenica, 369,393,508 Farber, Jôzef ( Josek), 97-99,339,352, 370, 373,423,476,480 Feiner, Leon, 6,9,358,426,522 Feinmesser, Bronka (Fajnmesser). See Warman, Bronislawa Filipek, Wlodzimierz, 13 Fingerhut, Genek, 145, 372,388,482 Fiszgrund, Julek, 31n49,234,417 Fiszgrund, Salo, 315-16,438 Fliederbaum, Julian, 213n48 Folkscajtung, newspaper,
377,450 Folman, Chawka, 8, 313,339,344,355, 387-88,390,448,462 Folman, Marek, 388,405,476,487 Forward, newspaper, 294n8 Frajhajt, 48,333-34,338,340,347,355, 360,362,364-65,367,372,387, 390-92,396,398,410,413,419-20, 428,436,439,444,454,457,461, 463,468-69,486,495-97, 511 Frajhajt Szuc, 444, 511 France, 3,37,194,218,243,398,417,522 Frank, Hans, 517 Frankfurt am Main, 377 Frasyniuk, Bogdan, 38 Freje Jugnt, Di, newspaper, 521-22 Frenkiel, Izio, 63 Frenkiel, Pawel, 289,501,519 Friedman, Slawek. See Mirski, Bronislaw Friedman, Zysie, 260-61 Frydman, Renia (Zosia), 197,205,234, 346,371,376-77,417,485,515 Frydrych, Elzunia, 319-21,377 Frydrych, Zygmunt (Zalman), 7, 57, 262, 271,309,319,341,349-50,362, 533
534 Index 377-78; 413,433,441,462,464, 476,484-85 Frymer, Chaim, 60,71-72, 81,101,105, 378,384,399,424,480 Fryszdorf, Gabriel (Gabrys), 231,345, 378-79,400,407,450-51,468, 483 Fryszdorf, Hanka. See Krysztal-Fryszdorf, Chana Fudern, Leon, 380 Fudem, Regina (Lilit), 141, 149,339, 380,395-96,453,485 Gabin, 358 Gaik, Wladyslaw (Krzaczek), 108,159, 272,274-76,282-83,309,349,359, 408-9,453,486 Galicia, 335,419,498 Gal On, 498 gathering funds, 172nl 1,252,294,492, 502 Gawisar, Luba (Zielona Marysia), 163-75,239,242,248,300-1,344, 371,381,388,470-71,486 Gdahsk, 34,515,518 G efen, Lejb, 138,359 Gelblum, Irena (Irka), 81-82,166,169, 171,239,243,252,265,300,302, 344,381,388,471,485 Geller, Eliezer, 120,130,136,139-40, 146,149,155,336,347,359, 381-82,385,391,393,402,406, 438,449,479,500,519 General Government, 91n8,335,358, 433,492,499,503-4, 506,517 Geneva, 382,413,420 Gepner, Abraham, 77n54 German occupation, 20n20,31n49, 209n47,331,351,358,381-82,413, 426,428,433-34,437,458-59,464, 491,493-95,499, 504-6,510,512, 514,517-19 Germany, 22nn25-26,118-19,125, 208n44,242-44,377,403,415,439, 442,459,464,467,495-96,504, 519. See also Reich Gerszuni, Gedalia, 476,487,521 Gestapo, 42,46-47,49,90,97-98, 111-12,120-21,131,134nl5,135, 141,144,166-67,169,171,201, 278,283,294,331nl, 338,348,355, 364,372,387,396,402,407,409, 421,429,439,443,447-48,451, 454,460,466,492,499,502,505, 507 Gçsiôwka, prison, 192,520 Gibraltar, 18 Giliriski, Motl, 322 Giterman, Icchak, 492 Givat Olga, 412 GL (Gwardia Ludowa), 236n5,357,371, 375,385,408,410,460-61,485-86, 501, 509-10 Glajtman-Putermilch, Masza, 9,52-53,
58nl7,59nl9,83,113,145,161,295, 303,307,334,342,356,365,383-84, 394,397,418,420,422,424,427, 430,445,448,451,458,461 Gniezno, 29n47 Goliborska, Teodozja (Tosia), 31n49, 311,317,415,417 Goldman, Baruch, 351 Goldkorn, Dorka, 354,385,409,421, 444,485 Gomel, 13-15,365 Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 24,280,293,390, 497 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 30 Gordonia, 48,115-16,120-21,139, 144,347,353,359,364,369,372, 381-82,388,393,402-3,405-6, 411,430,475-79,482,486-87,497 Gôrny, Jechiel (Jur), 100n27,344, 386-87,476,484
Index Grabowski, Henryk (Heniek), 251-52, 308,387,466,486 Grajek, Stefan, 150,153,155,157-59, 175,236,310,431 Grasberg, Jurek, 166-71,174-75,235, 236n4,239,279,299,301,344,388, 420,470-71,485 Gray Ranks, 29n46,492,504 Great Britain, 24t30, 499 Grobelna, 121 Grochôw, 184,308,361,364,376,394, 416,428,444,463 Grodno, 120n7,387,427 Grodzisk, 31,172,174-75,415 Gross-Rosen, 375 große Aktion, 4,8,54,57,93-94,136nl7, 167,192n25,244,319,332,337, 341,343,345-46,349,361,365, 368,370,373-75,377,379,383, 388,393,395-96,400,416,423-24, 427,432,434-35,436nl 1,438,440, 445,456,460,466,469-70,491-92, 498,500-3,510-11,515,517-18, 520,522. See also kettle on Mila Street Growas, Mordechaj, 74-75,231,337-38, 352,354,389,392,399-400,407, 411,421,430,439,446,455,461, 468,481 Gruzalc, Lejb, 60,72,345,363,389, 394-95,397,412,418,427,429, 448,457,461,481 Grynberg, Michal, 92n8 Grynblatt,J0zef (Bednarczyk), 289,291 Grynszpan, Jurek, 125,340,350,390, 405,411,421,432,469,476,483 Grynszpan-Frymer, Pnina (Pinia), 60, 77, 81, 85, 90n3, 92n9, 93nl3, 93nl5, 98nn23-24,100nn27-28, 102n33,106n42,113,242,274, 345, 354, 367,378,384,423-24, 452,458 Gutman, Hanoch (Henoch), 74-75,77, 79,101,103,105,252-55,257, 302,334,338,340,350,368,375, 390-91,394,398,410,422,431-32, 446,455,476,484, 500 Gutman, Israel, 248n25,261,287,301 Guzik, Dawid Daniel, 172,492 Haifa, 242-43,412,452-53 Hajnsdorf, Miriam, 97,391,483 hakhshara, 333,403,405,410-11,413, 419,428-30,441,465,467,493, 497 Hallman, Bernard, 515 Hallman workshop, 338, 379,388,439, 451,453,466,468,515 Halperin, Adam, 501 Halutz movement, 7,245-46,301,331,
333,335,338-39,343-44,347,353, 355,360-62,372,390-91,402-3, 406-7,410,413,416,425,427-31, 436,441,444,446-49,453-55,457, 462,467-68,491,493,496-98,500 Hamersztajn, Lodzia, 6,337,406,446, 458 Hannover, 17 Hanoar Hadati, 498 Hanoar Hacyjoni, 104n36,245,248n25, 339,349,351,386,418,429,432, 434,439,445,475,477,484,491, 498 Hapoel, sports club, 334,444,457,496, 511 Hasidim, 18,394 Haszomer Hacair, 6,41-42,44,75n49, 96-99,141,159,242nl5,331-32, 334-37,339-40,354,358,370,374, 380,382,385,389,391-93,395-96, 399,406-7,409,413,419,421-23, 425,429,435,438,446-48,450, 452,461-62,465-68,470,475-83, 485-87,498-99,505,507 535
$36 Index Haszomer Hadati, 48,498 Hebrew, 3-4,10,37n64, 86,116,120, 170n8,181,241,242nl5,258, 261n38,334-35,339, 351,355,359, 361,370,380,405,412,427-28, 432,452,454,467,498,509,514 Hedera, 242nl3 Hehaluc Hacair, 344,497 Hehaluc Hamizrachi, 498 Hehaluc Pionier, 496 Held, Adolf, 293n7,294 Heller, Szymon, 141, 151-53, 363,476, 482 Himelfarb, Adek, 145,393,476,482 Hirszfeld, Ludwik, 183-85,371 Hitler, Adolf, 17,21,23,31-32,149 Hitlerjugend, 22n25 Hlond, August, Cardinal, 29 Hochberg, Adolf, 79,254,263,274,281, 284,306,344,352, 354,394,413, 433,437,476,484 Hochberg, Dawid, 72,313,394-95,457, 461,476,481 Holocaust, 3-5,10,22,24,42,115,190, 215,216n50,221-22,242,328,335, 365,376,381,491, 501,505,508, 511,514 Holon,47 Home Army. See AK Hrubieszôw, 7,391,487,493,521 Hungary, 48,50,113,404,422 Igla, Zygmunt, 231,396,402,421,476, 483 Ikhud, party, 491 intelligentsia, 181,194,497,504,510-11 Iran, 194 Israel, 3,17-18,35,37,51,82,115,128, 130,149n43,174,177-79,193-95, 231,233-34,236n7,243nnl5-16, 251n30,258,260,295-98,300, 315n28,331,335,344,355,358, 360,378,381,412,419-20,433, 436,441,443,453,470-71,487, 494,501, 507-8,511. See also Eretz Israel Italy, 252,381 Iwihska, Estera, 320 Jabotinsky, Vladimir, 493 JAF (Yidishe Arbeter Froy), 15,383,493 Jankielewicz, Adek, 60,363,397,457, 476,481 January operation, 5,7-8,24-25, 60-64, 77,97-100,125,146,169, 185nl8, 216n49,244-45,250-51,290,308, 321,337-38,341,343,346,353, 355,359-61,363-64,366,370,372, 375,381-83,385-87,390-91, 393, 399,401,405,409-12,414,417, 423,425,428,430,432,439-40, 443-47,449,451,460,462-63,466, 468-69,486-87,500,
503,518, 520 Jaruzelski, Wojciech, 20-21,30 Jaszyhski, Lejb (Jasinski), 398,411,476, 484 Jawne, 382,461,514 Jaworski, Michal (Najkrug), 398-99,437, 485 Jaworski, Seweryn, 38 Jehudija, school, 181-82,216,345, 376, 387,435,469-70 Jelenkiewicz,Jasia (Ostaszewska), 195-96 Jerusalem, 51,251n30,258n35,284,298, 300,361,433 Jewish Community Organization, 65, 196n30,348,436,492,494, 505, 522 Jewish Educational and Cultural Association. See Tarbut Jewish Fighting Organization. See ZOB Jewish Military Union. See ZZW Jewish Museum, 20n20
Index Jewish National Committee. See ZKN Jewish Order Service, 50-51, 56,120, 122-23,144,152-53,167,169, 185nl8,185n20,192n25,253,291, 364,366,389,400-1,409,439,444, 457,460nl2,492-93,500,502-3, 517-18,521 Jewish Police See Jewish Order Service Jewish Social Welfare. See ZSS Jewish Social Welfare Society. See ZTOS Jewish Socialist Working-class Youth. Seejugnt Jewish Working Women. See JAF JHI (Jewish Historical Institute), 8, 514, 527 John Paul II, Pope, 34n59 Joint, 172,261138, 492,494, 505 Jozwiak, Franciszek (Witold), 236, 272n49,298 Judaism, 29nn46-47,180-81,509 Judenrat, 4,42, 46, 92,100n28,118-19, 123,213, 216-17, 319,322n39, 375,401,449,460nl2,488, 491-92,495,498, 502,504, 506, 513,520, 522 Jugnt, 369,416,467,521-22 Jugnt-Frajhajt, newspaper, 496 Jugnt Sztime, newspaper, 494 Jugnt Weker, newspaper, 363,494 Junge Gwardie, newspaper, 494 Jungbor, 369,467, 511 Justman, Reginka, 9,487 Jutrznia, sports club, 363,441,448 Kac, Jakub, 476,487,521 Kac, Mania, 322,394 Kacenelebogen, Mosze, 118 Kacenelson, Icchak, 338,361,488 Kajszczak, Bronislaw, 160 Kalisz, 505 Kalwaria, G6ra, 87,297-98,467 Kamieniecki, Eryk, 357 Kammski, Aleksander (Hubert), 27, 166-68,174-75,234,239, 248,299, 388,420,470, 504-5 Kanai, Izrael, 276,354, 382,400-1,468, 479,518-19 Kaplan, Josef (Josek), 41,47,96-98,331, 391-92,476,487, 505 Karmi, Aron (Chmielnicki), 80,115,139, 145,161,242,254,258,359-60, 363,388,393,399,404,406, 452-53,462,482 Karski, Jan (Kozielewski), 48,297,505, 522 Katowice, 41,44,46, 51 Katy, 121n7,489 Kaunas, 294n8,331 Kawe, Herszl (Heniek, Hesiek), 149, 333,351-52,357, 363,392,401-3,
436-37,439-40,449,482 Kawçczyn, 387,435,442,466 Kawenoki, Guta, 145,154,369,396,402, 421,482 Kedyw, 292 Kennkarte, 27,111,506 kettle on Mila Street, 57-59,96,208-9, 210-11, 506,515 kibbutz, 6,49nl6,171,174,177, 242-43,245nl9,296,298, 308, 313-14,333, 335n3,336, 339,344, 353,355, 360-62, 364-65, 372, 382,390, 394,400,406,410-11, 415-16,418,420,425,428nl0, 429,430,435-36,444-46,448, 454-55,465,470-71,491,495, 497-98,505-6, 508 Kielce, 36,115,175,193,320,333,360, 382,419-20,423,436,501,506-7 Kielson, Hela, 208n45,211,317 King, Martin Luther, 21 Kiszczak, Czeslaw, 36 KK (Komisja Koordynacyjna). See Coordinating Committee 537
538 Index Klajnwajs, Henoch (Heniek I Michalek), 142,145,149-50,155,160,403-4, 422,428,455,482 Klepfisz, Gina, 441,512 Klepfisz, Michal, 7,54,103,251,258-59, 302,309,321,350,358,379,399, 404-5,426,441,447,476,484-85 Klog, Blima, 318,365,438 Knesset, 260 Kojfman, Mosze (Mojszele), 226-28,341 Kolbe, Maksymilian Maria (Rajmund), 21 Kolomyia, 294,336 Koluszki, 125,127-28 Komorowski, Tadeusz, (Bôr-Komorowski), 23-24,389 Koniecpol, 426,433 Konin, 340,440 Konrad, Fritz, 517 Kohski, Jehuda (Juda), 143,145,405-6, 411,476,486 KOR (Komitet Obrony Robotnikôw), 29n46,35 Korczak, Janusz, 21,183nl2,204-7,215, 338,410,466,494,507,517 Korczak, Rôzka, 331 Korn, Leja (Lea), 145,154,402,405-6, 445,476,482 Kornblum, Alma (Kerenbrum), 406,476, 482 Korngold, Lea, 149,406,482 Kosciuszko, Tadeusz, 328 Kossak-Szczucka, Zofia, 199 Kossower, R6za, 218n50 Kotarbihski, Tadeusz, 44 Kowner, Aba, 242-43,331,433 Kowner, Witka Kempner, 243 Koziebrodzka, Lea (Lohka), 335,476, 487,507 Koziebrodzki, Abraham, 338 Krakow, 7,9,315n28,175,241,316n29, 346,358,361,377,393,433, 440-42,447,462,468-69,487,491, 500,508-9 Krall, Hanna, 3,26,32,36,195,198, 296nl2,314,328 Kripo (Kriminalpolizei), 202,282,408 Krupnik, engineer, 172 Krzaczek. See Gaik, Wladyslaw Krysztal-Fryszdorf, Chana, 110-11,231, 345,378,400,407-8,424,450,483 Kuroh, Jacek, 38 Kutno, 140,381,412 Kyiv, 17 Landau, Margalit (Emilka), 74,96,98-99, 337,389,409,438-39,476,486,507 Lanzmann, Claude, 177nl Latvia, 169n6,493 League for Aid to Workers in Israel, 419-20,436,507 Lebendiger, Aba, 121 Lçczyca, 459 Leipzig, 394 Legiec, Stanislawa and Wladyslaw, 373,
386,397,408-10,417-18,447,449, 469,486 Legionowo, 91-92 Lejkin, Jakub, 389,409,439,454 Lenin, Vladimir, 15 Lent, Szanaan (Hersz), 100n27,106,230, 340,410,435,451,477,484 Lerer, Cypora, 254,340,368,410,476, 484 Lewental, Szymon, 143,405,411,476, 486 Lewin, Gina, 477,487,521 Lewin, Lejzer (Eliezer), 150,154,431, 507 Lifszyc, Pola, 322 Lis, Bogdan, 38 Litman, Josef (Josek), 96,98-100, 102n33,104-6,109,413,423,476, 484
Index Lithuania, 42,120-21n7,169n6,194, 294п8,356,361,449-50,470,493 Lodz, 32-33,38,100п27,101,115,119, 122,127-28,130,145,185п18,196, 217,226,252,322п39,323п40,328, 333,339,342,347,351,353-55,360, 367,371-72,381,386,390,402, 405,408,410-12,416-19,422,427, 428п10,429-30,440-41,444,449, 459-60,464-65,467,507,522,527 Lohamei Ha-Getaot, 82,177,308,314, 344,355,471,508 Lomianki, 80,107,109-10,159-61,178, 269-70,272,276,281,335,338,342, 345,349-51,359,362-63,370, 378-79,384,389,400,408,417,420, 422,424,434,443-44,447-48,453, 455-56,459,462,465,469,507 London, 24n31,217,221n57,227n2, 259,294,296,475,502, 505,522 London List, 6-8,10,475,487 Lopata, Chaim, 261, 287-88 Loth, Felek, 188,191-92,198 Lubetkin, Celina (Cywia), 6,31n49, 78-79,83,104,171nl0,177,192, 227n2,235,242,244-45,281,294, 297-98,301,306,310,317,337, 344,348,355,361-62,367,413-15, 417,420,431,455,469,471,480, 495, 520 Lublin, 113,183nl3,216n49,261n38, 280,358,375,378,384,391,409, 415,418,514,521 Luden, Itzhak, 494 Lustiger, Jean-Marie (Aron), 183 Lwôw, 188,374,398,404,415,436,441, 460,465,508-9 Maapilim, 505 Machtyngier, Leon, 164 M^dry, Polish policeman, 271,277-78, 433 Majdanek, 64,352,371,377,420,487, 497,503,519 Majerowicz, Marek (Meirowicz, Meir), 336,372,412,415,482 Makkabi, sports movement, 115,404, 508 Makower, Henryk, 185, 187 Malkinia, 128,355, 377,409,456-57, 507 Manulak, Bronka, 100n27,107,274,344, 416,423,477,484 March 1968, socio-political crisis, 33-36, 177,190,193-95,221n57,347,371, 375,399,429,459, 508 Margolis-Edelman, Ala (Alina), 9, 33-34,175,196-98,208,320,346, 366,371,376,415-17,485 Mark,
Bernard, 8,103n34,108n47 Marseilles, 242 Martial Law, 21n21,25n38,29-30n48, 34n58,36n63 Maselman, Rysiek (Moselman), 108, 268, 276,281-83,409,417,469 Matywiecki, Anastazy (Nastek), 237,257 Mauthausen, 26, 51,358,497 Medem Sanatorium, 53-54,225, 322, 383,393, 508 Meed, Vladka (Miçdzyrzecka). See Peltel, Fajgele Meisel, Maurycy, 494 Merchants' Congregation school, 16,182, 374 Michalin, 399,437,502 Michnik, Adam, 38 Midrasz, journal, 196n30 Miedzeszyn, 53,383,508 Miçdzyrzec Podlaski, 333 Milanôwek, 197-98,346,421,428 Milejkowski, Izrael, 213n48 Milosz, Czeslaw, 170n7 Minsk, 13,356 Midsk Mazowiecki, 89,400 539
540 Index Mirski, Bronislaw, 8,347,374-76,390, 405,411,469,483 Mischling, 133-34,359 Mitterrand, François, 30 Mizrachi, 395,413,419,509,512 Modlin, 90-91,112,423,450 Monte Cassino, 489 Montreal, 64,231,342,452 Moravia, 375 Morgen Frei, newspaper, 331 Morgensztern, Jochanan, 150,154, 419-20,477,479 Morgensztern, sports club, 404,493-94, 512 Moscow, 318n31 Mosdorf,Jan, 16nl2 Mostowicz, Arnold, 322-23 Mubarak, Hosni Muhammad, 18 Munich, 17 Mussolini, Benito, 297 Myslowice, 46,51 Nachman of Breslov, rabbi, 18nl9 Najberg, Leon, 261 Nakam, group, 242-44 Nansen, Fridtjof, 79n5 Nansen passport, 179 Narew, river, 91n8,402-3 Narutowicz, Gabriel, 29, 509 Nasz Przeglqd, newspaper, 164n3 National Alliance (Stronnictwo Narodowe), 509 National Armed Forces. See NSZ National Democracy. See ND National-Radical Camp. See ONR ND (Narodowa Demokracja), 16nl2, 187-89,191, 509 Neged Ha-Zerem, newspaper, 336,466,499 Neuengamme, 497 Neustadt, Leon, 492 Neustadt, Melekh, 6,74n44,75n49, 301-2,309,355,449-50,466nl5 Neveh Shaanan, 410 New York, 7,208n44,358,371,393,405, 408,426,493, 522 New Zionist Organization, 493 Niewiadomski, Eligiusz, 29 NKVD, 516 Norway, 42 Nowa Mlodziez, newspaper, 494 Nowodworski, Dawid, 144,147,152, 157,159-60,333,359,363,395, 404,406,413,421-22,430,434-35, 445,447-48,453,477,482 Nowogrodzki, Majus, 7,360,405,450 Nowy Dwôr Mazowiecki, 85-86, 88, 90-94,96,100-1,112,396,413, 423-24 NSDAP, 50,408 NSZ (Narodowe Sily Zbrojne), 234n2, 338,389,509 number for life, 57,136,146,166, 210-12,366,503,506,510, 515 Nuremberg, 242nl4 occupied territory. See German occupa tion Ochota,
219,434 Odessa, 37 Ogôrek, Chana, 184 Ojforojz, Der, newspaper, 499 OMTUR (Organizacja Mlodziezy Towarzystwa Uniwersytetu Robotniczego), 443,521 Oneg Shabbat, 216n50,386-87,496, 514 ONR (Obôz Narodowo-Radykalny), 16-17,27,31,202,509 Opolion, factory owner, 141-42,453, 462 Opoczno, 115-16,118-20,123,125, 130,134-36,139,359,381 ORT (Organizacja Rozwoju Twôrczosci Przemyslowej, Rzemie^lniczej i Rolniczej wsrôd
Index Ludnosci Zydowskiej), 53,64,333,339, 349,383,407,410,516 Orzech, Maurycy, 294 Osçka, Janusz, 32 Ostrôw Mazowiecka, 413,503 Ostrowiec Kielecki (nad Kamienn^ / Swiçtokrzyski), 332,338,340, 355,368,382,395,419,431,440, 446-47,452-54,462,468 Oswiçcim. See Auschwitz Otwock, 89,117,183nl2,208n45,360 Pajewski, Tadeusz, 216n50 Palestine, 6,74n44,116,125-26,128, 142,161,172nll, 179,230,241, 242nl3,280,296-98,333,338, 344-45,360,362,367,378,384, 391,394,397,404-5,415,418-19, 422,424,428-29,433-36,447-48, 453,463,468,470,491,493,495, 497-99,505,507,509-10 Papier, Pnina. See Grynszpan-Frymer, Pnina Papier, Zygmunt (Zysiek), 92-93,98-99, 100n27,102n33,104,106n42,340, 423-24,435,477,484 Paris, 178,183nl 1,191,417 partisan units, 42,74,80,107,110-12, 153-54,159,161,234,242nl5,270, 334,336,338,342-43,345,349, 363,372,378,384,386,389,391, 396-97,400-1,411,424,426,430, 435,437,441,443,445,451-53, 456-59,461,487,503,509,519-21 Pasamonik, Rebeka (Rywka), 245,353, 378,424-25,432,480 Pat, Jakub, 226,293n7,294 Pawiak, prison, 16nl2,172,191,216n50, 371, 373,396,461,466,487,492, 499, 503,505,507 Peltel, Fajgele (Wladka) 107,141nl9, 301,348,350,358,378,426,438, 443,447,458,464,485 People’s Army. See AL People’s Guard. See GL People’s Republic of Poland, 14n3, 29n45,33n55,35n60,36n63,188, 195n29,209n47,320n37,494, 508-9,521 Perelman, Mejlach, 65-72,302-3,418, 426,477,481 Peretz, Yitzhak Leib, 37,407 Perlstein, Leon, 428n9 Petakh Tikva, 241 Piaseczno, 240,410,432 Pilsudski, Jozef, 23n29,495 Pinkiert, Mordechaj, 144n27,170n8 Pihsk, 25,428 Piwnik, Jan (Ponury), 25n37 Pionier (Pioneer),
163,459,496,510 Piotrkôw, 323,358,366,417,436 Plaszôw, 375 Plewczyhska, Janina, 202 Plock, 119,131,374 Plotnicka, Chahcia (Chana), 149-50, 404,428,455,477,485 Pludy, 349-51,378,462 Poalej Syjon Left (Poalei Zion Smol), 104n36,216n50,226,230,334,342, 369,376,386,394,410-11,413, 416-17,435,439,445,451,465, 467,475-79,484-85,494,498,507, 510-11,514,521 Poalej Syjon Right (Poalei Zion Yemin, 98,150,154,159,278,333,340, 371-72,412,415,419-20,467, 475-79,482,495-96, 507,510-11, 514 Podkowa Lesna, 131 Pocalun, Eugenia, 7 Podolski, Ignacy, 503 pogrom, 16,22n25,23,29,36,182,193, 320,382,506, 509, 513 Poland, 3,5-6,13,16-18,20,22-23, 25n38,27,29n44,29n47,34-37, 541
542 Index 44,47, 51,71,81-82,86,101,113, 161,172,175,177-78,180,183, 190-94,196,209n47,221,233nl, 243,250n27,252,255,258,261n38, 279-80,287,296,298nl6,314-15, 319-20,331nl, 335-36,342,346, 351-52,358,367,370-71,378, 381-82,403,412,415,417,424, 426-27,428nl0,433,438,442,445, 449-50,452,456,459,464,471, 489,491,493-99,501,503,505-17, 521-22 Poleszuk, Wlodzimierz, 399 Polish Army (WP), 24n30,29n46, 289n4,292,445,450, 502,504 Polish Communist Party, 236n5,351, 373,410,510 Polish government-in-exile, 227n2,475, 499,502,505,522 Polish Peoples Army (LWP), 353,399. See also AL Polish police (dark-blue police), 121, 125,131,134,192n25,271,277, 336,354,357,359,378,385,399, 413,426,433,436,442,491, 511, 517-19 Polish Socialist Party. See PPS Polish Underground State, 24n31,496, 522 Polish United Workers’ Party. See PZPR PolishWarsawrising, 14,23-24n30,27, 29n46,31-32, 80,110-11,172, 192,197-98,208n44,234n2,241, 252n31,254,259n36,265n44,319, 342,344-46,353-54, 358,362, 367,369,371,384,388,407,409, 414,417,424,426,431,433,441, 450-51,459,464,471,489,499, 519-20 Polish Workers’ Party. See PPR Polityka, journal, 196n31 Pomiechôwek, 88n2,90n3,91-93,424 Ponary, 120-21,387 Poniatowa, 346,454,519 Popieluszko, Jerzy, 34 Posner, rabbi, 179 Pow^zki, 489 POWs (prisoners of war), 24n30,25, 121n7,198,242nl4,370,375,378, 381,460,504 Poznah, 13,38,189,368 PPR (Polska Partia Robotnicza), 8, 62,67, 105,153,159-60,236n5, 272n49,293,331,333,339-40, 343, 351-52,354,357,363,370,373, 375,384-86,390,392,397-98, 400-1,403,405,411,421-22,436, 440,443-44,448,451,460-61,463, 469-71,479-83,485-86,498, 502,
510,512,516 PPS (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna), 15,23,216,230,236n5,252n31, 267n45,294n8,318n31, 342,374, 401,428,441,443,464,486,493, 495,511-12,516,521 PPS-WRN (Wolnosc, Rôwno^c, Niepodleglosc), 318n31 Praga, Rafal, 318yf Prague, 20 Praszkier (Praszker), Jakub, 104,248n25, 349,351,386,418,429,477,484 Provisioning Authority, 77n54,256,390, 433 Pruszkôw, 198,208n44,265,319,338, 406,433,454-55, 507 Przeglqd Powszechny, newspaper, 34 Przelom, newspaper, 46 Przemyk, Grzegorz, 29 Przemysl, 319 Przytyk, 23,29n47 Putermilch, Jakub, 62,81-82,113,145, 384,424,430,451,458,477,482 Puzak, Kazimierz (Bazyli), 318 PWN, publishing house, 371,376
Index PZPR (Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza), 8,33,236n5,314n28, 497,512 Raczkiewicz, Wladyslaw, 522 Radom, 23,121,364,398 Radomsko, 353,440 Radomysl, 179 Rajszczak, Feliks (Felek), 278,354,421, 431,486 Rajszczak, Tadeusz (Tadek), 101,252, 431 Rakowski, Mieczyslaw, 33 Rappaport, Natan, 49 Ratajzer, Kazik (Rotem, Simcha), 3, 8,75, 86,108,170,233,248n25,258n35, 284,298,340-41,343-44,349, 352, 354,362,377,381,405,408,41314,417,420-21,424,429,432-33, 441,444,447,464,471,484 Ravensbrück, 386,497 Rawa Mazowiecka, 342 Rawicz, 318n31 Reagan, Ronald, 30 Red Cross, 197,384,464 Reich, 22,495-96, 504,517,519 Rembertôw, 343,387,442,466 Riga, 493 Righteous Among the Nations, medal, 44n6,210n47,251,252п31,331, 387,410,429,431,441,444,459, 464,505 Ring, union, 360,494,508 Ringelblum, Emanuel, 216-17,289,422, 501,504, 511,514. See also Oneg Shabbat Rodai, Leon, 289,501,519 Romania, 81, 113,161, 336, 360,424, 453 Rome, 29n47 Ron, Szmuel (Rozencwajg), 4,41,49nl6, 51,335,396 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 294, 505,522 Rotblat, Lutek (Lejb), 245,248n25,353, 357,389,434-35,441,446,466, 477,481,491 Rotszajn, Heniek, 94 Rotem, Gina, 258 Rotem, Simcha. See Ratajzer, Kazik Rowecki, Stefan (Grot), 23-24 Rôzaôski, Eliahu (Elek), 337,389,409, 423,438,486 Rozenfeld, Michal, 436-37,357,422, 456,479 Rozenfeld, Rôzka, 352, 362,385,434, 436-37,477,482 Rozenman, Adam, vii Rozensztajn, Rywka (Stasia), 208,228, 236,265,310,312-14,318,365, 367,383,438 Rozental, Mordechaj, 119-20 Rozowski, Lejb (Lejbl), 306,344,416, 437,477,484 Rozowski, Welwl (Wolf), 4,207,226-28, 231,306,310,313,315-16,342,
363,365,368,379,396,400,407, 438,451,455-56,458,483,488 Rubehczyk, Mosze, 477,488, 521 Rybicki, Jôzef, 292 Rudnicki, Lew, 402,439,477,482 Rufeisen-Schüpper, Heia, 154n47,336, 341,343,357,401,435,441-42, 444-45,466,486 Rumkowski, Chaim Mordechaj, 322-23 Russia, 13-14,54,128,180,190,293n7, 345,356-57,371,407,411,493,516 SA (Sturmabteilung), 23n25 Sachsenhausen, 24n30,497 Sadowska, Barbara, 29n48 Sak, Jôzef, 6,236,265,338 Sakowska, Ruta, 512 Samsonowicz, Ignacy (Leszczyöski, Tadeusz), 6,366,464 543
544 Index Saska Kçpa, 163,172,174,239,388, 470-71 Sawicka, Krystyna, 516 Sawicka, Marysia, 208n44,236,265,271, 371,441,443,458,463,486,512 Sawicka, Paula, 314 SB (Sluzba Bezpieczehstwa). See UB Schüpper, Heia. See Rufeisen-Schüpper Schwarzbart, Ignacy, 6,296,298 SDKPIL, 494 Security Service. See UB Sejm, 29,36n63,260 Shaulists, 169 Sherer, Emanuel, 6 Shoah, 177 Shomer, 303,334-38,350,361,370,380, 385,388-89,392-93,401,406,409, 422,425,430,435,445-47,455, 462,465-66,470,497-99, 500 Shulman, Victor, 294n9 Siauliai, 331 Siberia, 408,429,463 Siekierski, Mieczyslaw, 442-43,485 Siewierski, Stefan, 252,443-44,463,486 Sikorski, Wladyslaw, 259n36, 522 Sila-Nowicki, Wladyslaw, 221 Silesia, 466,505 Silverstein, Leokadia (Hamersztajn, Lodzia), 110,175,337,362 Six-Day War, 193n28 Skala, 121 Skarzysko-Kamienna, 408,433 Skif, 54,312,322,345,349-50,356,363, 365,378,383,394,399,407,418, 426,437-38,493-94 Skra, sports club, 267n45,441,512 Skrzeszewska-Wysocka, Zosia. See Frydman, Renia Slonim, 355,391,398 Slowacki, Juliusz, 317,361 n7 Slovakia, 42 Slowo Mlodych, newspaper, 120,497 Sobibôr, 197nl,497 Socialist Youth Organization Life. See Zycie Society for the Propagation of Labor among the Jews. See ORT Sokôlka, 386,427 Sokôlka, Szyfra (Stenia), 336 Solidarity, movement, 21n21,34n58, 35-36 Sokolôw, 333,360,377 Sorbonne, 180 Sosnkowski, Kazimierz, 259n36 Sosnowiec, 41-44,46n8,337,358,500 Soviet Army, 31,456,395,510 Soviet occupation, 120n7,398,497,499 Soviet Union, 385,512. See also USSR Spartakus, Union of Independent Socialist Youth, 362,385,421, 434,437,459,516 Spasowski, Wladyslaw, 44 SR
(Socialist Revolutionary Party), 14-15,179,516 Érodula, 44 SS (Schutzstaffel), 22n25,91n8,120, 121n7,125,127,133,242nl4,265, 315,332,375,410,460,466,493, 517 SS-Werterfassungstelle, 99,136,138,166, 372,517 Stalin, Joseph, 21,30,190,352 Starobielsk, 489 Starzyriski, Stefan, 320n34 Stein, Dawid. See Sztajn Sterdyn, 333,360 stigmatization of the Jews, 29n47, 88, 90,118,164,167,373,517. See also number for life Stolak, Abram, 64,100n27,102,107, 274,423-24,445,478,484 Stroop, Jürgen, 103n34 Strzaly, newspaper, 385,516 Strzelecka, Jadwiga, 174,471
Index Stutthof, 497 Suknik, Icchok (Koza), 64,357,442, 444-46,477,481 Sweden, 208n45,320,353,408,429 Swidowska, Inka. See Blady-Szwajger, Adina Swiçcicki, Tytus, 31 Éwital, Stanislaw, 31-32,371 Éwiçtochowski, Wladyslaw (Wladek), 316,342,430,451,458-59,486 Switzerland, 126 Sword and the Plow, The, movement (Miecz i Plug), 288-89 synagogue, 20,22n25, 86,115,120, 180-81,360,398,441,519 Syrkin, Nachman, 510 Szajngut, Tuwia (Tadek), 159,169,272, 275-76,282,359,409,429,447-48, 453,471,486 Szapiro, Hanka. See Sawicka, Krystyna Szczecin, 195-96,346 Szerynski, Jôzef Andrzej (Szynkman), 217,401, 503,517-18 Sznajdmil, Berek, 75,105,292,302,340, 366,449-50,477,484 Szniper, Dow, 110,345,450,458,485 Szpigiel, Baruch (Bronek), 81,113n52, 225-231,316,342,368,379, 451-52,458,468,483 Szpigielman, Stefan, 179,208,345 Sztajn, Dawid, 332,395,452-53,482 Sztengiel, Moniek, 453,481, 521 Sztern, sports club, 369, 510 Szul-Kult, association, 415, 514 Szulman, Meir, 47 Szuster, Szlamek, 77-78,108,254-56,258, 264,274,281,284,306,352,354, 367,394,414,437,454-55,478,484 Szuster-Kron, Hela, 331,338, 340,406, 427,454-55 Szwarc, Meir, 149-50,154,336,362,379, 404,428,455-56,477,483 Szwarc, Szlomo (Szlojme), 231,456,477, 483 Szymahska, Zofia (Rozenblum), 183-84 Szyfman, Leja, 60,72, 363,457,478,481 Szyfman, Miriam, 60, 368, 370,457-58, 477,484 Tabaczyhski, Beniamin, 293n7, 294 Tajtelbaum, Niuta (Witwicka, Wanda / Rywa), 7,459-61,486 Tarbut, association, 116,334,339,359, 367,405,429,454,465,509,514-15 Tatra, mountains, 450 Tel Aviv, 83,113,115nl, 150n42,161, 175,241nl2,243,360,370,378,
384,410,412,424,430,454,471 Teller, Motek. See Siekierski, Mieczyslaw Tomaszôw Mazowiecki, 120-22,125,405 Torah, 49 TOZ (Towarzystwo Opieki Zdrowotnej), 394 Trawniki, 42,148-49,216n50,346,454, 519 Treblinka, 42,56nl2,57,59,96,115, 127-28,130,150-51,160,177nl, 202,204nn39-40,205n42,209, 213n48,225,227,343,346,349,352, 355,358-59,368,374,377,387,393, 399,403-4,412,416,422,425,438, 440,442,449,452,492,496-97,503, 506-8,510,515,517-19 Troki, 120 Trupianski, Yankl, 322 Trzeciak, Stanislaw, 16,29 TSKZ (Towarzystwo SpolecznoKulturalne Zydôw w Polsce), 315n28 TygodnikPowszechny, newspaper, 34,221 UB (Urzqd Bezpieczehstwa), 34n58, 35-36 Ujazd, 125-26 545
546 Index Ukraine, 42,182,294n8,495 Umschlagplatz, 54,56,96,98-99,149, 212,219,221,225,227,233,308, 313,337,341,343,346,349,352, 355,361,364,366,371,375-76,379, 386,391,399-400,409,425,438-40, 449,451,492,500,503,506,518 Union. See Bund Union of Armed Combat. See ZWZ Union of Polish Youth. See ZMP Unzer Vort, newspaper, 354 Uppsala, 221n57 USA, 293n7,320n34,371,492,494,505. See also America USSR, 17nl7,183nl3,509,512, 520. See also Soviet Union Vatican, 513 Vienna, 15 Vilnius, 47,120-21n7,242nl5,243nl6, 294n8,331,335-36,347,361,363, 385,387,419,427,447,449,465, 470,493,507,509 Virtuti Militari, Order, 7,259,405 Vistula, river, 34n58,37,49,77,90n3,91, 110,121,135,174,350,471 Vittel, 409,499 Volksdeutsche, 50,119,167,246,316, 422,519,521 W^chalska, Anna, 263,267,271,341, 354,426,441,443-44,463-64,486 Wajs, Kuba, 145,462,482 Wajsgruz, Minia, 226,342 Wald, Beniamin, 149,250,252,254,333, 343,360,368,393,395,432,439, 444,463,478,483,500 Walewski, Ryszard, 339 Walka Mlodych, newspaper, 386 Warman, Bronislawa (Feinmesser, Marysia), 202,236,279,302,321, 358,370-71,376,396,471,485 Warman, Zygmunt, 31n49,216,236,371, 417 Warsaw ghetto uprising, 3-4,6-9, 22, 25-27,70-71,97,112,146,205n41, 234,244,260-61,287,310,343, 346,363,379,401,409-10,417-18, 447,461, 501,509,511-12, 518-20 Warsaw rising. See Polish Warsaw rising Warsaw Polytechnic, 343,370,373 Warszawski, Dawid (Gebert), 196 Wasilewska, Wanda, 322 Wasser, Hirsz (Hersz), 102n33,342 Wdowmski, Dawid, 288 Werbkowice, 391,453,487,520-21 Wehrmacht, 495 Weil, Simone, 328 Wengrower, Jehuda, 70,74-75,78,107, 160-61,304,384,392,464,480, 481
Wi^zowna, 117,240 Wieliczka, 375 Wielun, 119 Wiernik, Jakub, 227n2 Wiernik, Lola, 226-27,341 Wiçz, newspaper, 34 Wilchelmôw, 131 Wilczyriska, Stefania, 204-5,338 wildcat residents, 5,135,210,212,276, 339,518,520-21 Wilner, Izrael (Jurek / Arie), 4,47, 170-71,250-51,295,308,312,335, 361,377,387,392,428nl0,435, 442,446,465-66,478,485-86, 500 Windman, Icchak (Lalo / Lala), 282,408 Winogron, Esterka, 204-6,466 Winogron,Jehoszua (Szlomo), 338-39, 379,392,401,430,435,466,478, 483 Wlodzimierz, 367, 508 Wola, 167,265,267,463-64 Wolf, Helena, 189 Workers’ Defense Committee. See KOR
Index Workers’ University Society Youth Organization. See OMTUR World War 1,179,342,493 World War II, 29n47,242nl3,492,496, 498-99,507-9,518 Wort, Dos, newspaper, 419 Wroclaw; 183n9,185 Wyszkôw, 74n44,80,110,270,333,336, 338, 342,349,350-51,358-59,363, 369,372,378-79,384,389,391, 396-97, 399-400,402-4,407,411, 413,422-24,427,430,434-35,437, 444-45,447,450-51,456,459,461 Wyszogrôd, 88n2,451 Yad Vashem, 251n30 Yagur, 344, 507 Yiddish, 4,9-10,37n64,70,72,86,116, 163,167,170n8,241,258,317,321, 332,339,354,359,361,376,383, 385,394,422,430,454,493-95, 498-99,510-11,514-15 YIVO, 7,405,408 Yugnt. See Jugnt Yugoslavia, 42 Za Naszq i Waszq Wolnosc, newspaper, 450 Zagiel, Sara, 8,375,469,478 Zakroczym, 88n2 Zalcman, Baruch (Bruch), 226, 342 Zamo^c, 36n64,419 Zamoszczer Sztyme, newspaper, 419 Zandman, Pnina, 76n49,344,430,468, 482-83 Zarchi, Alik, 208 Zarki, 446, 505 Zawiercie, 44,446 Zb^szyh, 22-23,194,496 Zegota Council for Aid to Jews, 209n47, 295nl 1,421,464 Zelechôw, 333-34 Zieja, Jan, 29 Zielislawice, 426 Ziemian, Jôzef (Jôzek), 321 Zionism, 17-18,194,298,301,498, 510-11 Zionist Revisionists, movement, 413, 501 ΖΚΝ (ZydowskiKomitetNarodowy), 308,315n28,342, 348,373,392, 420,502 ZMP (Zwi^zek Mlodziezy Polskiej), 494, 521 Znak, periodical, 34 ZOB (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa), 5-10,13,31n49,98n22,100n27, 136nl7,139-40,166-68,170n8, 171П10,172nll,207,215,216n49, 228,235n3,236-37,244-46,248, 257,264,268-69, 282n54,290,292, 294-95,301-2,317,322,331-33, 335-37,339-40,343-44,346, 348-49,353-54,356-59,361-62, 366,369-72,378-79, 381-84,
386-92,394-96,399-405,407411,414-17,419-20,423-26,428, 431-36,438,440-43,448-53,455, 458,462-69,470-71,475,478-80, 485-89,493-96,500-2,505,507, 512,517-19, 521,527 Zoliborz, 31,171,175,197,236-37,241, 342,354,362,367,369,371,414, 417,433,438 ZSS (Zydowska Samopomoc Spoleczna), 150n43,492 ZTOS (Zydowskie Towarzystwo Opieki Spolecznej), 54,291,393,503—4 Zurich Polytechnic, 29n45 Zweibaum, Juliusz, 185 ZWZ (Zwi^zek Walki Zbrojnej), 24n30. See also AK Zycie, socialist youth organization, 189, 373,436,459, 508 547
548 Index Zygielbojm, Szmuel, 217,296nl4,323, 450,522 Zylberberg, Heniek, 422,461,470,478, Zyrardôw, 89,319-21,347,362,390, 392,411,457 ZZW (Zydowski Zwi^zek Wojskowy), 481 5-6,136nl7,248,261,287-92, Zylberberg, Rachela, 374,380,470,479, 481 327n41,339,398,493,495, 501-2, 518-19 Zylberg, Luba. See Gawisar, Luba Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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| bvnumber | BV049391181 |
| contents | Part One. Still Circling: Conversations with Soldiers of the Jewish Fighting Organization -- Recording the Holocaust -- What Was of Importance in the Ghetto? Nothing! Nothing! Don't Be Ridiculous! -- Back Then, There Were Many Legends . . . -- Someone Must Have Pushed That Closet up Flush from Outside . . . -- I'm Telling You so Superficially Because I Don't Remember -- Well, I'm Here, Aren't I?! -- Truth Be Told, I Left My House in 1942 and Never Went Back -- And That's All My Life Story -- I Know What I Know, And I Remember What I Remember -- None of It Is of Any Significance -- Part Two. Rereading the List: Stories about the Soldiers of the Jewish Fighting Organization.. -- List of Those Who Fell in the Defense of the Warsaw Ghetto -- A Rereading of the List -- A Cemetery of Letters, a Cemetery of Words |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1390901187 (DE-599)BVBBV049391181 |
| era | Geschichte 1942-1943 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1942-1943 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Biografie |
| geographic | Warschau (DE-588)4079048-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Warschau |
| id | DE-604.BV049391181 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:01:17Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T10:05:46Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9798887192680 9798887192598 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034718595 |
| oclc_num | 1390901187 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 548 pages illustrations 24 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20240207 DHB_BSB_FID |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Academic Studies Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Jews of Poland |
| spelling | Grupińska, Anka 1956- Verfasser (DE-588)1052806198 aut I came home and there was no one there conversations and stories about the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto Hanka Grupińska ; translated from Polish by Jessica Taylor-Kucia Conversations and stories about the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto Brookline, MA Academic Studies Press 2023 548 pages illustrations 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Jews of Poland Translation of: "Ciągle po kole" and "Odczytanie Listy."--Publisher "I Came Home and There Was No One There is a composition of two titles in a single volume for readers in English."--CIP galley Part One. Still Circling: Conversations with Soldiers of the Jewish Fighting Organization -- Recording the Holocaust -- What Was of Importance in the Ghetto? Nothing! Nothing! Don't Be Ridiculous! -- Back Then, There Were Many Legends . . . -- Someone Must Have Pushed That Closet up Flush from Outside . . . -- I'm Telling You so Superficially Because I Don't Remember -- Well, I'm Here, Aren't I?! -- Truth Be Told, I Left My House in 1942 and Never Went Back -- And That's All My Life Story -- I Know What I Know, And I Remember What I Remember -- None of It Is of Any Significance -- Part Two. Rereading the List: Stories about the Soldiers of the Jewish Fighting Organization.. -- List of Those Who Fell in the Defense of the Warsaw Ghetto -- A Rereading of the List -- A Cemetery of Letters, a Cemetery of Words "This book comprises interviews with some of the last surviving veterans of the Jewish Fighting Organization in the Warsaw ghetto, accompanied by never previously published photographic "postcards" from a number of ghettoes, and a reconstruction of the only surviving contemporary list of those soldiers that strives to salvage vestiges of their stories from oblivion"-- Żydowska Organizacija Bojowa (DE-588)4287088-4 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1942-1943 gnd rswk-swf Getto (DE-588)4157319-5 gnd rswk-swf Warschau (DE-588)4079048-4 gnd rswk-swf Warsaw (Poland) / History / Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943 / Personal narratives Jews / Persecutions / Poland / Warsaw Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) / Poland / Warsaw / Personal narratives World War, 1939-1945 / Registers of dead / Poland / Warsaw Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (Poland) / History Varsovie (Pologne) / Histoire / 1943 (Insurrection du ghetto) / Récits personnels Juifs / Persécutions / Pologne / Varsovie Holocauste, 1939-1945 / Pologne / Varsovie / Récits personnels Guerre mondiale, 1939-1945 / Registres des morts / Pologne / Varsovie Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (Poland) Jews / Persecutions Poland / Warsaw 1939-1945 Death registers History Personal narratives (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Warschau (DE-588)4079048-4 g Getto (DE-588)4157319-5 s Żydowska Organizacija Bojowa (DE-588)4287088-4 b Geschichte 1942-1943 z DE-604 Taylor-Kucia, Jessica trl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 9798887192604 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034718595&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034718595&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034718595&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Grupińska, Anka 1956- I came home and there was no one there conversations and stories about the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto Part One. Still Circling: Conversations with Soldiers of the Jewish Fighting Organization -- Recording the Holocaust -- What Was of Importance in the Ghetto? Nothing! Nothing! Don't Be Ridiculous! -- Back Then, There Were Many Legends . . . -- Someone Must Have Pushed That Closet up Flush from Outside . . . -- I'm Telling You so Superficially Because I Don't Remember -- Well, I'm Here, Aren't I?! -- Truth Be Told, I Left My House in 1942 and Never Went Back -- And That's All My Life Story -- I Know What I Know, And I Remember What I Remember -- None of It Is of Any Significance -- Part Two. Rereading the List: Stories about the Soldiers of the Jewish Fighting Organization.. -- List of Those Who Fell in the Defense of the Warsaw Ghetto -- A Rereading of the List -- A Cemetery of Letters, a Cemetery of Words Żydowska Organizacija Bojowa (DE-588)4287088-4 gnd Getto (DE-588)4157319-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4287088-4 (DE-588)4157319-5 (DE-588)4079048-4 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | I came home and there was no one there conversations and stories about the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto |
| title_alt | Conversations and stories about the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto |
| title_auth | I came home and there was no one there conversations and stories about the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto |
| title_exact_search | I came home and there was no one there conversations and stories about the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto |
| title_exact_search_txtP | I came home and there was no one there conversations and stories about the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto |
| title_full | I came home and there was no one there conversations and stories about the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto Hanka Grupińska ; translated from Polish by Jessica Taylor-Kucia |
| title_fullStr | I came home and there was no one there conversations and stories about the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto Hanka Grupińska ; translated from Polish by Jessica Taylor-Kucia |
| title_full_unstemmed | I came home and there was no one there conversations and stories about the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto Hanka Grupińska ; translated from Polish by Jessica Taylor-Kucia |
| title_short | I came home and there was no one there |
| title_sort | i came home and there was no one there conversations and stories about the uprising in the warsaw ghetto |
| title_sub | conversations and stories about the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto |
| topic | Żydowska Organizacija Bojowa (DE-588)4287088-4 gnd Getto (DE-588)4157319-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Żydowska Organizacija Bojowa Getto Warschau Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034718595&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034718595&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034718595&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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