Eclipses, Transits, and Comets of the Nineteenth Century: how America's Perception of the Skies Changed
Grabbing the attention of poets, politicians and the general public alike, a series of spectacular astronomical events in the late 1800s galvanized Americans to take a greater interest in astronomy than ever before. At a time when the sciences were not yet as well established in the United States as...
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cham ; Heidelberg ; New York ; Dordrecht ; London
Springer
2015
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Astrophysics and space science library
Volume 406 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | Grabbing the attention of poets, politicians and the general public alike, a series of spectacular astronomical events in the late 1800s galvanized Americans to take a greater interest in astronomy than ever before. At a time when the sciences were not yet as well established in the United States as they were in Europe, this public interest and support provided the growing scientific community in the United States with the platform they needed to advance the field of astronomy in the United States. Earlier in the 19th century comets, meteors and the discovery of the planet Neptune were all sources of inspiration to the general public. The specific events to be considered here are the total solar eclipses of 1868, 1869 and 1878 and the transits of Venus of 1874 and 1882. The available media responded to public interest as well as generating more interest. These events laid the groundwork that led to today's thriving network of American amateur astronomers, and provide a fascinating look at earlier conceptions of the stars |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis Seite 291-327. - Index |
| Beschreibung: | xi, 336 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783319377759 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Eclipses, Transits, and Comets of the Nineteenth Century |b how America's Perception of the Skies Changed |c Stella Cottam, Wayne Orchiston |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Astrophysics and space science library |v Volume 406 | |
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| 520 | 3 | |a Grabbing the attention of poets, politicians and the general public alike, a series of spectacular astronomical events in the late 1800s galvanized Americans to take a greater interest in astronomy than ever before. At a time when the sciences were not yet as well established in the United States as they were in Europe, this public interest and support provided the growing scientific community in the United States with the platform they needed to advance the field of astronomy in the United States. Earlier in the 19th century comets, meteors and the discovery of the planet Neptune were all sources of inspiration to the general public. The specific events to be considered here are the total solar eclipses of 1868, 1869 and 1878 and the transits of Venus of 1874 and 1882. The available media responded to public interest as well as generating more interest. These events laid the groundwork that led to today's thriving network of American amateur astronomers, and provide a fascinating look at earlier conceptions of the stars | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804186088048164864 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION
...............................................................................................
1
1.1 TERMINOLOGY
.......................................................................................
5
2
HISTORICAL
OVERVIEW:
THE
UNITED STATES
AND
ASTRONOMY
UNTIL
THE
1860S
...........................................................................................
7
2.1 THE LEONID METEOR STORM
OF
1833
....................................................
8
2.2 THE GREAT COMET
OF
1843 (C/1843
D1)
.............................................
17
2.3
AMERICAN
ASTRONOMY
IN
THE
EARLY 1800S
...........................................
25
3 SCIENTIFIC OVERVIEW
....................................................................................
43
3.1
SOLAR
ECLIPSES
AND
THE
NATURE
OF
THE
SOLAR
CORONA
............................
43
3.1.1 ECLIPSES,
PROMINENCES
AND
THE
CORONA
..................................
43
3.1.2 EARLIER
SOLAR
ECLIPSES
OF
NOTE
................................................
46
3.1.3 INSTRUMENTATION
......................................................................
50
3.1.3.1
PHOTOGRAPHY
............................................................
50
3.1.3.2
SPECTROSCOPY
...........................................................
52
3.1.3.3 THE POLARI
SCOPE
.......................................................
55
3.1.3.4 THE ROLE
OF
THE
TELEGRAPH
.......................................
57
3.1.4
THE SOLAR ECLIPSES
OF
1868,1869
AND
1878
..........................
57
3.1.4.1
THE ECLIPSE
OF
18 AUGUST
1868
...............................
57
3.1.4.2
THE
ECLIPSE
OF
7 AUGUST
18159
.................................
63
3.1.4.3
THE ECLIPSE
OF
29 JULY 1878
....................................
75
3.1.5 EVOLVING
DIRECTIONS
FOR
SOLAR
RESEARCH
.................................
82
3.1.5.1
THE
SHAPE
OF
THE
CORONA
.........................................
82
3.1.5.2
THE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
OF
THE
CORONA
.............
82
3.1.5.3
SUNSPOTS
AND
THE
CORONA
.........................................
84
3.1.5.4
POLARIZATION
AND
THE
NATURE
OF
THE
CORONA
..............
84
3.1.5.5
INTRA-MERCURIAL
PLANETS
...........................................
85
3.1.6
CONCLUSIONS
............................................................................
86
IX
BIBLIOTHEK
DEUTSCHES
MUSEUM
HLUENCHE A
X
CONTENTS
3.2
TRANSITS
OF
VENUS
AND
REFINEMENT
OF
THE
VALUE
OF
THE
ASTRONOMICAL
UNIT
....................................................................
87
3.2.1
THE ASTRONOMICAL
UNIT: ITS SIGNIFICANCE
AND
EARLY DETERMINATIONS
......................................................
87
3.2.2
A RECAP
OF
EARLIER
RECORDED TRANSITS
OF
VENUS
.....................
92
3.2.2.1 THE
TRANSIT
OF
6 DECEMBER
1631
............................
92
3.2.2.2
THE TRANSIT
OF
4 DECEMBER 1639
............................
93
3.2.2.3
THE TRANSIT
OF
6
JUNE 1761
......................................
93
3.2.2.4 THE
TRANSIT
OF
3
JUNE 1769
......................................
95
3.2.3 ADVANCES IN
INSTRUMENTATION
..................................................
98
3.2.3.1
THE
DEVELOPMENT
OF
ASTRONOMICAL
PHOTOGRAPHY....
98
3.2.3.2
THE HORIZONTAL
PHOTOGRAPHIC TELESCOPE
.................
99
3.2.3.3
THE HELIOMETER
.......................................................
99
3.2.3.4
THE
ROLE
OF
SPECTROSCOPY
.......................................
100
3.2.3.5
THE ROLE
OF
THE
TELEGRAPH
.......................................
100
3.2.4 THE TRANSIT
OF
VENUS
OF
9 DECEMBER
1874
.............................
102
3.2.4.1
FOREIGN EXPEDITIONS
................................................
103
3.2.4.2
THE
AMERICAN EXPEDITIONS
......................................
104
3.2.5 THE
TRANSIT
OF
VENUS
OF
6
DECEMBER 1882
.............................
110
3.2.5.1
FOREIGN EXPEDITIONS
................................................
III
3.2.5.2
FOREIGN EXPEDITIONS
TO THE
UNITED STATES
................
111
3.2.5.3
THE AMERICAN
EXPEDITIONS
......................................
117
4
POPULAR ASTRONOMY
AND
THE
SOLAR
ECLIPSES
OF
1868,1869
AND
1878
.....................................................................................................
129
4.1 THE
SOLAR ECLIPSES
OF
1868,1869
AND
1878
......................................
129
4.2
A SAMPLING
OF
POPULAR PERIODICALS
....................................................
129
4.2.1
GENERAL PERIODICALS
................................................................
130
4.2.2
RELIGIOUS PERIODICALS
.............................................................
153
4.2.3 SCIENTIFIC
PERIODICALS
..............................................................
1
75
4.3 THE NEW
YORK TIMES
...........................................................................
184
4.3.1 THE SOLAR
ECLIPSE
OF
18 AUGUST 1868
....................................
185
4.3.2 THE SOLAR ECLIPSE
OF
7
AUGUST
1869
......................................
185
4.3.3
THE SOLAR
ECLIPSE
OF
29
JULY 1878
.........................................
192
5
POPULAR ASTRONOMY
AND
THE
TRANSITS
OF
VENUS
OF
1874
AND
1882.........
201
5.1
THE
TRANSIT
OF
VENUS
OF
DECEMBER 1874
............................................
201
5.1.1
A
SAMPLING
OF
POPULAR
PERIODICALS
........................................
201
5.1.1.1 GENERAL
PERIODICALS
.................................................
201
5.1.1.2
RELIGIOUS
PERIODICALS
..............................................
211
5.1.1.3
SCIENTIFIC
PERIODICALS
...............................................
218
5.1.2 THE NEW
YORK TIMES
...............................................................
220
5.2 THE
TRANSIT
OF
VENUS
OF
DECEMBER
1882
............................................
231
5.2.1
A SAMPLING
OF
POPULAR PERIODICALS
........................................
231
5.2.1.1
GENERAL
PERIODICALS
.................................................
231
5.2.1.2 RELIGIOUS
PERIODICALS
..............................................
234
5.2.1.3
SCIENTIFIC
PERIODICALS
...............................................
239
5.2.2 THE
NEW YORK TIMES
...............................................................
240
CONTENTS
XI
6 DISCUSSION
...................................................................................................
255
6.1 `AMATEURS
AND
`PROFESSIONALS
IN
ASTRONOMY
....................................
255
6.2
ARTICLES
IN
THE NEW YORK
TIMES
.........................................................
263
6.3
POPULAR LECTURES
................................................................................
265
6.4 TELESCOPES
..........................................................................................
267
6.5 OBSERVATORIES
.....................................................................................
269
6.6
PUBLICATIONS
........................................................................................
271
6.7 ASTRONOMICAL
SOCIETIES
.......................................................................
273
6.8 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
IN RESEARCH
........................................................
280
7
CONCLUDING REMARKS
................................................................................
287
REFERENCES
........................................................................................................
291
INDEX
.................................................................................................................
329
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION
.
1
1.1 TERMINOLOGY
.
5
2
HISTORICAL
OVERVIEW:
THE
UNITED STATES
AND
ASTRONOMY
UNTIL
THE
1860S
.
7
2.1 THE LEONID METEOR STORM
OF
1833
.
8
2.2 THE GREAT COMET
OF
1843 (C/1843
D1)
.
17
2.3
AMERICAN
ASTRONOMY
IN
THE
EARLY 1800S
.
25
3 SCIENTIFIC OVERVIEW
.
43
3.1
SOLAR
ECLIPSES
AND
THE
NATURE
OF
THE
SOLAR
CORONA
.
43
3.1.1 ECLIPSES,
PROMINENCES
AND
THE
CORONA
.
43
3.1.2 EARLIER
SOLAR
ECLIPSES
OF
NOTE
.
46
3.1.3 INSTRUMENTATION
.
50
3.1.3.1
PHOTOGRAPHY
.
50
3.1.3.2
SPECTROSCOPY
.
52
3.1.3.3 THE POLARI
SCOPE
.
55
3.1.3.4 THE ROLE
OF
THE
TELEGRAPH
.
57
3.1.4
THE SOLAR ECLIPSES
OF
1868,1869
AND
1878
.
57
3.1.4.1
THE ECLIPSE
OF
18 AUGUST
1868
.
57
3.1.4.2
THE
ECLIPSE
OF
7 AUGUST
18159
.
63
3.1.4.3
THE ECLIPSE
OF
29 JULY 1878
.
75
3.1.5 EVOLVING
DIRECTIONS
FOR
SOLAR
RESEARCH
.
82
3.1.5.1
THE
SHAPE
OF
THE
CORONA
.
82
3.1.5.2
THE
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
OF
THE
CORONA
.
82
3.1.5.3
SUNSPOTS
AND
THE
CORONA
.
84
3.1.5.4
POLARIZATION
AND
THE
NATURE
OF
THE
CORONA
.
84
3.1.5.5
INTRA-MERCURIAL
PLANETS
.
85
3.1.6
CONCLUSIONS
.
86
IX
BIBLIOTHEK
DEUTSCHES
MUSEUM
HLUENCHE'A
X
CONTENTS
3.2
TRANSITS
OF
VENUS
AND
REFINEMENT
OF
THE
VALUE
OF
THE
ASTRONOMICAL
UNIT
.
87
3.2.1
THE ASTRONOMICAL
UNIT: ITS SIGNIFICANCE
AND
EARLY DETERMINATIONS
.
87
3.2.2
A RECAP
OF
EARLIER
RECORDED TRANSITS
OF
VENUS
.
92
3.2.2.1 THE
TRANSIT
OF
6 DECEMBER
1631
.
92
3.2.2.2
THE TRANSIT
OF
4 DECEMBER 1639
.
93
3.2.2.3
THE TRANSIT
OF
6
JUNE 1761
.
93
3.2.2.4 THE
TRANSIT
OF
3
JUNE 1769
.
95
3.2.3 ADVANCES IN
INSTRUMENTATION
.
98
3.2.3.1
THE
DEVELOPMENT
OF
ASTRONOMICAL
PHOTOGRAPHY.
98
3.2.3.2
THE HORIZONTAL
PHOTOGRAPHIC TELESCOPE
.
99
3.2.3.3
THE HELIOMETER
.
99
3.2.3.4
THE
ROLE
OF
SPECTROSCOPY
.
100
3.2.3.5
THE ROLE
OF
THE
TELEGRAPH
.
100
3.2.4 THE TRANSIT
OF
VENUS
OF
9 DECEMBER
1874
.
102
3.2.4.1
FOREIGN EXPEDITIONS
.
103
3.2.4.2
THE
AMERICAN EXPEDITIONS
.
104
3.2.5 THE
TRANSIT
OF
VENUS
OF
6
DECEMBER 1882
.
110
3.2.5.1
FOREIGN EXPEDITIONS
.
III
3.2.5.2
FOREIGN EXPEDITIONS
TO THE
UNITED STATES
.
111
3.2.5.3
THE AMERICAN
EXPEDITIONS
.
117
4
POPULAR ASTRONOMY
AND
THE
SOLAR
ECLIPSES
OF
1868,1869
AND
1878
.
129
4.1 THE
SOLAR ECLIPSES
OF
1868,1869
AND
1878
.
129
4.2
A SAMPLING
OF
POPULAR PERIODICALS
.
129
4.2.1
GENERAL PERIODICALS
.
130
4.2.2
RELIGIOUS PERIODICALS
.
153
4.2.3 SCIENTIFIC
PERIODICALS
.
1
75
4.3 THE NEW
YORK TIMES
.
184
4.3.1 THE SOLAR
ECLIPSE
OF
18 AUGUST 1868
.
185
4.3.2 THE SOLAR ECLIPSE
OF
7
AUGUST
1869
.
185
4.3.3
THE SOLAR
ECLIPSE
OF
29
JULY 1878
.
192
5
POPULAR ASTRONOMY
AND
THE
TRANSITS
OF
VENUS
OF
1874
AND
1882.
201
5.1
THE
TRANSIT
OF
VENUS
OF
DECEMBER 1874
.
201
5.1.1
A
SAMPLING
OF
POPULAR
PERIODICALS
.
201
5.1.1.1 GENERAL
PERIODICALS
.
201
5.1.1.2
RELIGIOUS
PERIODICALS
.
211
5.1.1.3
SCIENTIFIC
PERIODICALS
.
218
5.1.2 THE NEW
YORK TIMES
.
220
5.2 THE
TRANSIT
OF
VENUS
OF
DECEMBER
1882
.
231
5.2.1
A SAMPLING
OF
POPULAR PERIODICALS
.
231
5.2.1.1
GENERAL
PERIODICALS
.
231
5.2.1.2 RELIGIOUS
PERIODICALS
.
234
5.2.1.3
SCIENTIFIC
PERIODICALS
.
239
5.2.2 THE
NEW YORK TIMES
.
240
CONTENTS
XI
6 DISCUSSION
.
255
6.1 `AMATEURS'
AND
`PROFESSIONALS'
IN
ASTRONOMY
.
255
6.2
ARTICLES
IN
THE NEW YORK
TIMES
.
263
6.3
POPULAR LECTURES
.
265
6.4 TELESCOPES
.
267
6.5 OBSERVATORIES
.
269
6.6
PUBLICATIONS
.
271
6.7 ASTRONOMICAL
SOCIETIES
.
273
6.8 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
IN RESEARCH
.
280
7
CONCLUDING REMARKS
.
287
REFERENCES
.
291
INDEX
.
329 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Cottam, Stella Orchiston, Wayne 1943- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1229449795 (DE-588)1140944967 |
| author_facet | Cottam, Stella Orchiston, Wayne 1943- |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Cottam, Stella |
| author_variant | s c sc w o wo |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049383940 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1414562044 (DE-599)BVBBV049383940 |
| era | Geschichte 1800-1900 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1800-1900 |
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| geographic | USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | USA |
| id | DE-604.BV049383940 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:59:42Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T10:05:34Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783319377759 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034711511 |
| oclc_num | 1414562044 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-210 |
| owner_facet | DE-210 |
| physical | xi, 336 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Astrophysics and space science library |
| series2 | Astrophysics and space science library |
| spelling | Cottam, Stella Verfasser (DE-588)1229449795 aut Eclipses, Transits, and Comets of the Nineteenth Century how America's Perception of the Skies Changed Stella Cottam, Wayne Orchiston Cham ; Heidelberg ; New York ; Dordrecht ; London Springer 2015 xi, 336 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Astrophysics and space science library Volume 406 Literaturverzeichnis Seite 291-327. - Index Grabbing the attention of poets, politicians and the general public alike, a series of spectacular astronomical events in the late 1800s galvanized Americans to take a greater interest in astronomy than ever before. At a time when the sciences were not yet as well established in the United States as they were in Europe, this public interest and support provided the growing scientific community in the United States with the platform they needed to advance the field of astronomy in the United States. Earlier in the 19th century comets, meteors and the discovery of the planet Neptune were all sources of inspiration to the general public. The specific events to be considered here are the total solar eclipses of 1868, 1869 and 1878 and the transits of Venus of 1874 and 1882. The available media responded to public interest as well as generating more interest. These events laid the groundwork that led to today's thriving network of American amateur astronomers, and provide a fascinating look at earlier conceptions of the stars Geschichte 1800-1900 gnd rswk-swf Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) Astronomy History of physics Physics History wetenschapsgeschiedenis geschiedenis fysica astronomie USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 s Geschichte 1800-1900 z DE-604 Orchiston, Wayne 1943- Verfasser (DE-588)1140944967 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-319-08341-4 Astrophysics and space science library Volume 406 (DE-604)BV000000296 406 Digitalisierung Deutsches Museum application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034711511&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Cottam, Stella Orchiston, Wayne 1943- Eclipses, Transits, and Comets of the Nineteenth Century how America's Perception of the Skies Changed Astrophysics and space science library Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003311-9 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | Eclipses, Transits, and Comets of the Nineteenth Century how America's Perception of the Skies Changed |
| title_auth | Eclipses, Transits, and Comets of the Nineteenth Century how America's Perception of the Skies Changed |
| title_exact_search | Eclipses, Transits, and Comets of the Nineteenth Century how America's Perception of the Skies Changed |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Eclipses, Transits, and Comets of the Nineteenth Century how America's Perception of the Skies Changed |
| title_full | Eclipses, Transits, and Comets of the Nineteenth Century how America's Perception of the Skies Changed Stella Cottam, Wayne Orchiston |
| title_fullStr | Eclipses, Transits, and Comets of the Nineteenth Century how America's Perception of the Skies Changed Stella Cottam, Wayne Orchiston |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eclipses, Transits, and Comets of the Nineteenth Century how America's Perception of the Skies Changed Stella Cottam, Wayne Orchiston |
| title_short | Eclipses, Transits, and Comets of the Nineteenth Century |
| title_sort | eclipses transits and comets of the nineteenth century how america s perception of the skies changed |
| title_sub | how America's Perception of the Skies Changed |
| topic | Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Astronomie USA |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034711511&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000000296 |
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