The invention of a tradition: the Messianic Zionism of the Gaon of Vilna
"The Gaon of Vilna was the foremost intellectual leader of non-Hasidic Jewry in eighteenth century Europe; his legacy is claimed by religious Jews, both Zionist and not. In the mid-twentieth century, Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Rivlin wrote several books advancing the myth that the Gaon was an early pr...
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Stanford, California
Stanford University Press
2024
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Schriftenreihe: | Stanford sudies in Jewish history and culture
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Zusammenfassung: | "The Gaon of Vilna was the foremost intellectual leader of non-Hasidic Jewry in eighteenth century Europe; his legacy is claimed by religious Jews, both Zionist and not. In the mid-twentieth century, Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Rivlin wrote several books advancing the myth that the Gaon was an early progenitor of Zionism. Following the 1967 War in Israel, messianic sentiments spread in some circles of the national-religious public in Israel, who embraced this myth and made it a central component of the historical narrative they advanced. For those who identified with the religious Zionist enterprise, the myth of the Gaon and his disciples as the first Zionists was seen as proof of the righteousness of their path. In this book, Israeli scholar Immanuel Etkes explores how what he calls the "Rivlinian myth" took hold, and demonstrates that it has no basis in historical reality. Etkes argues that proponents of the Rivlinian myth seek to blur the distinction between Zionism as a modern national movement or a religious one - a distinction that underlies many of the central conflicts of contemporary Israeli politics. As historian David Biale suggests in his brief foreword to this English translation, "what is at stake here is not only historical truth but also the very identity of Zionism as a nationalist movement.""-- |
Beschreibung: | "Originally published in Hebrew in 2019 under the title Ha-tsiyonut ha-meshichit shel ha-gaon mi-Vilna: Hamtzaʼatah shel masoret. |
Beschreibung: | IX, 220 Seiten 14 Illustrationen und Porträts |
ISBN: | 9781503634534 |
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adam_text | Contents Foreword by David Biale Acknowledgments vii ix Introduction I PART I The books Hazon Zion and Koiha-Tor and the Rivlinian myth 1 Hazon Zion, a Messianic Zionist movement 11 2 The main ideas ofKoi ha-Tor 18 3 Does Koiha-Tor express a Messianic Zionist doctrine 21 held by the Vilna Gaon? PART II The Vilna Gaon and his disciples as the first Zionists: The evolution of a myth 4 Why did the disciples of the Vilna Gaon immigrate to the Land of Israel? 29 5 How did the Rivlinian myth take form? 38 6 Rabbi Menachem Mendel K^has Ha-Tkufah ha-Gdolah 47
vi CONTENTS 7 The academic version of the Rivlinian myth 50 8 Did Shlomo Zalman Rivlin receive the text of Kolha-Tor from Yitzhak Zvi Rivlin? 68 PART III Additional writings by Shlomo Zalman Rivlin 9 Mossad ha-Yesod: The Old Yishuv recast as the beginnings of Zionism 10 Midrash Shlomo and the Department for Training Young Orators 75 96 11 Ha-MaggidDoresh Zion: Rabbi Moshe Rivlin as a “Zionist” leader 106 12 Sefer ha-Pizmonim: Yosef Yosha Rivlin as a “Messianic Zionist visionary” 121 PART IV The creation ofKolha-Tor 13 Who was the author ofKoi ha-Tor: 143 14 Shlomo Zalman Rivlin: The man and his literary motives 154 15 The embrace of the Rivlinian myth and 164 Kolha-Tor in Religious Zionist circles Conclusion 179 Appendix: Rivlinfamily members 183 Notes 187 Bibliography 209 Index ofNames 217
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214 BIBLIOGRAPHY Rivlin, Asher A. “Beit Aba” [Father’s home]. In Yad Yosef Yitzhak Rivlin, memorial book, edited by Hayyim Zeev Hirschberg, 18-51. Ramat Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 1964. -------- ; Nahalat Shiv’a Bat Meah: Toldot Yisudah shel Nahalat Shiva—Hathalat Binyanah shel Yerushalayim ha-Hadashah [A century to Nahalat Shiv’a: The history of the founding of Nahalat Shiv’a—the start of the building of New Jerusalem]. Ramat Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 1972. Rivlin, Binyamin (ben Shlomo Zalman). Gvi’ei Gavia Kesef[Gob[cK of silver], Shklov, 1804 (2nd ed., Warsaw, 1898; further editions 1983,1992,2015). Rivlin, Binyamin. Ha-Rav Yizhak Zvi Rivlin [Rabbi Yitzhak Zvi Rivlin]. Jerusalem: Sivan Press, 1992. -------- . Zecher Av [In memory of Father]. Jerusalem: self-published, 1992. Rivlin, Moshe (Maggid). Sefer Beit Midrash, le-ha-Rav ha-Darshan ha-Mefursam Morenu ha-Rav Moshe Z”L MaggidMeisharim de-Kehila Kedosha Shklov [Sefer Beit Midrash, a book by the famous rabbi and preacher, our late teacher Rabbi Moshe, of blessed memory, of the Shklov community], Vilna: Yosef Reuven Rom Press, 1861. Rivlin, Shlomo Zalman. Ha-Maggid Doresh Zion: Toldotav ve-Peulotav shel ha-Rav ha- Gaon ha-MekubalR. Moshe ha-Maggid mi-Shklov Z L ve-Kovetz me Drashotav Bead Yishuv Eretz Israel [The maggid who preaches for Zion: History and activities of the rabbi, gaon, and Kabbalist R. Moshe, the late preacher from Shklov, and a selection of his sermons for the settlement of the Land of Israel], Jerusalem: self published, i960. -------- . Ha-Rav ha-Gaon Hillel Rivlin mi-Shklov [The rabbi and
gaon Hillel Rivlin of Shklov]. Jerusalem: self-published, 1935. -------- . Hazon Zion, Shklov ve-Yerushalayim-. Toldot Aliyat Talmidei ha-GRA veMifaleihem be-Yisud ha-Yishuv be-Eretz Israel [Hazon Zion, Shklov and Jerusalem: History of the aliyah of the disciples of the GRA and their enterprises in the found ing of the settlement in the Land of Israel]. Jerusalem: self-published (facsimile edi tion), 2002. -------- .Kolha-Tor, ve-hu Shitatha-Gaon, RabenuEliyahu (ha-GRA) mi-VilnaZC”L veGiluyav al Tkufat ha-Athalta de-Geula, Hibro ha-Mekubal Rabbi Hillel ben Rabbi Binyamin mi-Shklov alpi Rabenu ha-GRA [Voice of the turtledove, or. Method of the Gaon, our Rabbi Eliyahu (the GRA) of Vilna, of blessed and righteous memory, and his revelations on the period of the beginnings of Redemption, authored by the Kabbalist Rabbi Hillel, son of Rabbi Binyamin of Shklov, according to our rabbi the GRA], Bnei Brak: Committee for the Dissemination ofKolha-Tor, 1969. -------- .Kolha-Tor.... Yosef Rivlin edition. Jerusalem, 1994. -------- . Lehasir Michshol Mikerev Israel [To remove an obstacle from among the Jewish people]. Jerusalem: self-published, 1961. -------- . Midrash Shlomo: Drashot [Sermons of Shlomo], Jerusalem: Committee for the Publication ofMidrash Shlomo, 1953. -------- . Mossad ha-Yesod: Tamzit Mitoch Toldot Vaad ha-Klali Knesset, Israel Yerusha layim [The foundational institution: A precis of the history of the General Commit tee of Knesset-Israel], Expanded 2nd edition. Jerusalem: General Committee of the Knesset-Israel, 1958. -------- . Mossad ha-Yesod: Toldot ha-Vaad
ha-Klali Knesset Israel. [The foundational in stitution: The history of the General Committee of Knesset-Israel]. Jerusalem: self published, 1951.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 215 Rivlin, Yosef Yoel. Mishpachat Rivlin be-Eretz Israel” [The Rivlin family in the Land of Israel]. In Yad Yosef Yitzhak Rivlin: Sefer Zikaron [Memory book], edited by Hayyim Zeev Hirschberg, 47-77. Bar-Ilan University Press, 1964. -------- . Reshit ha-Yishuv Mihutz le-Homot Yerushalayim:li-Mlot Shiv’im Shanah leHanukat ha-Bayit ha-Rishon beitRabi YosefRivlin Z”L be-Shchunat Nahalat Shiv’a [The beginnings of settlement outside the walls ofJerusalem: Seventy years since the inauguration of the first house, the house of the late Rabbi Yosef Rivlin in the Nahalat Shiva neighborhood]. Jerusalem: Megilat Yosef committee for publication of the works of Rabbi Yosef Rivlin, 1939. -------- . Zichronot [Memoirs]. Ben Yehuda Project, https://benyehuda.org/rivlin_yy/zixronot.html. Rivlin, Yosef Yosha. Binyan Yosef: Divrei Zikaron me’et Gdolei Yerushalayim le-Dmuto shel Rosh Bonei Yerushalayim [Building of Yosef: Memorial statements from leading Jerusalem rabbis on the head of the builders of Jerusalem]. R. Yosef Rivlin’s selected letters with added articles by Rabbi Avraham Yitzhak Hacohen Kook on the con struction of the Holy Land. Jerusalem: Or Haorot, 2011. -------- . Kitvei R. YosefRivlin Z”L al Yerusahlim ve-Koroteha [Writings of the late R. Yosef Rivlin on Jerusalem and its history], edited by Pinchas Grayevsky. Jerusalem: Zion Press, 1930. -------- . Megillat Yosef: Mivhar Maamarim ve-Reshimot shel R. Yosef Yosha Rivlin, 18661896 [Scroll ofYosef: Selected articles and writings ofYosefYosha Rivlin, 1866-1896], edited by Netanel Kazburg. Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan
University Press, 1966. -------- , ed. Sefer ha-Pizmonim [Book of liturgical poems], or Pizmonei R. Yosha Rivlin: Brit Avot be-Se’arat Eliyahu, Pirkei Geula al Pi Torat ha-GRA [Poems of R. Yosha Rivlin: The covenant of the patriarchs in the storm of Eliyahu, chapters on Redemp tion according to the doctrine of the GRA], with an introduction, contents, explana tions, and comments by Yosef Rivlin. Jerusalem: Orhot Press, 2004. -------- . “Yehudei Yerushalayim ve-ha-Mission” [The Jews ofJerusalem and the missionar ies]. Ha-Tzvi, October 16,1885. Reprinted in Megillat Yosef 71-72. Rothschild, Meir. Ha-Halukah [The haluka]. Jerusalem: Reuven Mas Press, 1986. Salmon, Joseph. “Enlightened Rabbis as Reformers in Russian Jewish Society,” New Perspectives on the Haskalah, edited by Shmuel Feiner and David Sorkin, 166-83. London: Littman Library ofJewish Civilization, 2001. Salmon, Yosef. “Ha-Hinuch ha-Ashkenazi be-Eretz Israel, bein ‘Yashan’ le-‘Hadash’ (1840-1906)” [Ashkenazic education in the Land of Israel, between “old” and “new”]. Shalem 6,1992,281-301. -------- . “Haluka ve-Kollelim: Hebetim Hevratiim ve-Kalkaliyim ba-Kehila haAshkenazit be-Eretz Israel be-Sof ha-Meah ha-19” [Haluka and kolels: Social and economic aspects of the Ashkenazi community in the Land of Israel in the late nine teenth century]. In Yehudim ba-Kalkala [Jews in the economy], edited by Nahum Gross, 333-46. Jerusalem: Merkaz Shazar Press, 1985. -------- . Ortodoksya be-Mezarei ha-Leumiyut [Orthodoxy in the confines of nationalism], Jerusalem: Merkaz Shazar Press, 2006. Salomon, Mordechai. Shloshah Dorot
[Three generations], Jerusalem: Salomon Press, 1951. Schiller, Eli, ed. 120 Shana le-Nahalat Shiva [120 years to Nahalat Shiva]. Jerusalem: Jerusalem Municipality, 1989.
216 BIBLIOGRAPHY Shuchat, Raphael B. Olam Nistar be-Memadei ha-Zman: Torat ha-Geula shel ha-GRA mi-Vilna [A world hidden in the dimensions of time: The doctrine of Redemption in the writings of the GRA of Vilna]. Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University, 1008. Slutsky, Avraham Yaakov, ed. Shivat Zion: KovetzMa’amarei Geonei ha-Dor be-Shevach Yishuv Eretz Israel [Return to Zion: Selected articles from the period’s great geonim in praise of the settlement of the Land of Israel]. Introduction by Yosef Salmon. Jeru salem: Dinur Center Publications, 1998. Stampfer, Shaul. Ha-Yeshiva ha-Litait be-Hithavuta [The Lithuanian yeshiva], Jerusa lem: Merkaz Shazar Press, 2005. Sternbuch, Moshe. Be’ayot ha-Zman be-Hashkafat ha-Torah [Problems of the period from a Torah perspective]. Jerusalem: publisher unknown, 1969. Stiman-Katz, Hayah. Reshitan shelAliyot ha-Hasidim, 1747-1819 [The beginnings of the aliyot of the Hasidim, 1747-1819]. Jerusalem: Yad Yitzhak Ben Zvi Press, 1986. Tishbi, Yesha’aya. Mishnat ha-Zohar [Wisdom of the Zohar]. Vol. A. Jerusalem: Bialik Institute Press, 1957. Tzipori, Ilan. “Ha Torah ha-Meshichit shel ha-GRA be-Sefer Koiha-ToK [The Messianic doctrine of the GRA in Koi ha-Tor . In Bati Levakesh Mikem: Ha-GRA mi-Vilna, Eru’im, Ta’arichim u-Mekorot le-Toldotav, Peninim mi-Torato u-Minhagav [I came to ask of you: The GRA of Vilna, events, dates and sources of his history, gems from his teaching and customs], edited by Yossi Carmel. Kamei Shomron: Carmel Press, 1998. Vishnatsky, Alter Dov, ed. Megillat Yosef: Tamzit Mitoch Skira Klallit al Dmuto veMifalav shel ha-Boneh ve-
ha-Manhig R. Yosef Yehoshua Rivlin [Scroll of Yosef: A precis from a general survey of the image and enterprises of the builder and leader R. Yosef Yehoshua Rivlin]. Bound with Midrash Shlomo. Jerusalem: Midrash Shlomo Committee, 1953. -------- . Rabbi YosefRivlin, Rabbi Yosha, Avi Binyan ha-Yishuv be-Eretz Israel [Rabbi Yosef Rivlin, Rabbi Yosha, father of the construction of the Yishuv in the Land of Israel]. Jerusalem: self-published, 1946. -------- , ed. Rabbi YosefRivlin, Rishon ha-Bonim [Rabbi Yosef Rivlin, first of the build ers]. Jerusalem: self-published, 1947. Weintraub, Israel Eliyahu. Ha-Tkufah be-Searat Eliyahu [The era in the storm of Eli yahu]. Beit Shemesh: publisher unknown, 2007. Wilensky, Mordechai. Hasidim u-Mitnagdim-. Le-Toldotha-PulmusBeineihem [Hasidim and Mitnagdim: On the history of the contention between them]. Vols. A-В. Jerusa lem: Bialik Institute Press, 1970. Winograd, Yesha’ayahu. Otzar Sifrei ha-GRA [Comprehensive bibliography of the GRA], Jerusalem: Kerem Eliyahu Press, 2003. Yaari, Avraham. IgrotEretz Israel [Letters from the Land of Israel]. Ramat-Gan: Massada Press, 1971. Yellin, Yehoshua. Zichronot le-Ben Yerushalayim [Memoirs of a Jerusalemite]. Jerusalem: family of the author, 1924. Zar, Pnina. Lohamim ba-Layla: Sippuro shel Orde Wingate [Warriors at night: The story of Orde Wingate], Jerusalem: Yad Yitzhak Ben Zvi Press, 1971.
Index ofNames Ahad Ha’am (Asher Zvi Ginzberg), 168 Ahituv, Yosef, 164,168 Alkalai, Yehuda Hai, 62., 160,181 Amsterdam, 44,107, 196135 Ari (Yitzhak Ashkenazy Luria), 61 Auerbach, Meir, 82, 85, 86 Aviner, Shlomo, 166-67,176 Avivi, Yosef, 147, 9418 Avraham of Kalisk, 2 Avraham, son of the Gaon, 21, 25 Baal ha-Tanya, see Shneur Zalman of Liady Baal Shem Tov, see Israel Baal Shem Tov Balakim, 127 Bardacki, Yeshayahu, 107 Barnai, Yaakov, 57, 193120 Bartal, Israel, 58-59, 84, 19312 Baruch (Shik) ofShklov, 150-51,172,173, 199122 Basel, 15 Bek family, 127, 171, 207136 Ben-Gurion, David, 168 Ben-Tzur, Shmaryahu, 182 Berlin, Naftali Zvi Yehuda, 62 Besht, see Israel Ba’al Shem Tov Burnett, Zerach, 86 Catherine II, 58 Cherikov (Cherykaw), 15,16 Cohen, Hayyim, 39 Cohen-Reis, Ephraim, 92 Constantinople, 108,112,113 Cyrus, 18, 50, 62,148 Dadon, Yitzhak, 170,207129 Damascus, 186 David ben Shimon, 91 Dnieper (river), 16 Efrat, Dov, 77 Eisenstein, Avraham, 38 Eliasberg, Mordechai, 62 Eliav, Mordechai, 50-51, 197142 Even Israel, 88, 131, 132 Frenkel, Ludwig August, 5 Friedlander, Hayyim, 145 Frumkin, Aryeh Leib, 29, 40,185,190П6 Fürth, 52 Galilee, 2, 64, hi, rz5 143 Gelber, Michael, 58 Graetz, Zvi, 158 Grayevsky, Pinchas, 202128 217
218 INDEX OF NAMES Grigert, Nathan, 86 Gush Katif, 169 Gutman, David, 86 Hacohen, Shear Yashuv, 208П63 Hafetz Hayyim, 167 Halevi, Yehuda, 71 Halevy, Eliezer, 112 Halevy, Shoshana, 197159 Hamburg, Wolf, 52 Harlap, Yaakov Moshe, 138-39 Hayyim of Volozhin, 4,21, 22, 25,107, 144,171,173 Hazan, Hayyim David, 85 Hebron, 5,77,78, 83 Hershkovitz, Yitzhak, 63-67 Herzl, Theodor, 1,15, 59,157,168 Hillel of Kovno, 53, 58 Horowitz (Lieder), Shimon Zvi, 133-36 Hurwitz, Elazar, 12 4,14 0,14 6-47,204116 Ibrahim Pasha, 64, 196137 Idelson, Avraham Zvi, 156,185 Israel Baal Shem Tov (Besht), 7, 36,76,88, 104,118,130,168 Israel of Polotsk, 2 Israel (ben Shmuel) of Shklov, 4, 25, 29, 31-35. 44.55 60,107,144,171,173,179, 199122 Jaffa, 83,114 Jericho, 8 3, 8 5,13 2, 197142 Jerusalem, 14,19, 30,76, 83, 86-93, 100-102, in, 118,125-128,148 Jordan Valley, 85-86 Kalisher, Zvi Hirsch, 52, 62,160,181 Kasher, Menachem Mendel, 47, 48,144, 16 4,17 3-7 7, 20312 Katz, Hayyim (son of Tuvia, of Pakrai), 31, 33.34.36,173 Kiel, Yehuda, 164-65 Kook, Avraham Yitzhak Hacohen, 137, 13 8,16 9,17 0, 207131 Kook, Zvi Yehuda, 49,164,176 Korah, 127 Krumbein, Elyakim, 171-7 2,17 7,207138 Leon, Ben-Zion, 85 Levin, Yehoshua Heschel, 22 Liebes, Yehuda, 149,204П18 Lilienblum, Moshe Leib, 168 London, 44, 92,158 Luntz, Avraham, 91-92 Luria, David of Bihov, 22,189П3 Luria, Shmarya, 22,183 Mahane Israel, 91, 198п66 Mazkeret Moshe, 138,159,185 Mea She’arim, 88,131,132,184 Melamed, Baruch Zalman, 167-68 Menachem Mendel of Shklov, 21, 22, 29-32, 34, 41, 44, 45, 56,57. 60, 87, 144,171,173, 199122 Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk, 2 Menachen
Mendel of Rimanov, 52 Menashe of Ilya, 55-57,173 Messiah ben David, 20 Messiah ben Yosef, 13,18-20, 62, 77, 78, 126-28,148,150,152,160,166 Michlin, Hayyim Michal, 39, 45,132,136, 137.159. 9т3—4 Mishkenot Israel, 131,132,138,184 Mishkenot Sha’ananim, 89, 91, 92, 197159, 198П64 Mohilev (Mogilev), 16,183 Mohilver, Shmuel, 159 Montague, Shmuel (Samuel), 92,158, 205116 Montefiore, Moses, 44, 45, 83-86, 89-92, 10 8,10 9,112-14, 196126, 197158, 197164, 200123 Montefiore, Yehudit, 84 Morgenstern, Arie, 17, 51-60, 66,145, 16 5,18 0, 8916, 192п3, 19 3ПП2 0-21, 193128—29, 19 3П3 3, 200123, 2 0 0П3 3, 2 0 3П6, 204118, 207132 Moscow, 44 Moshe de Leon, 154,155,20513 Musrara, 88 Nahalat Shiva, 88-92,131,132,184, 198066 Nahman ben Yitzhak, 30 Napoleon Bonaparte, 15,183
INDEX OF NAMES Nathansohn, Mordechai, 15,16, 188П21 Navon, Eliyahu, 91 Neeman, Aryeh Leib, 84 Neta (son of Menachem Mendel of Shklov), 107 Neta (son of Saadia), 107 Netanyahu, Binyamin, 182 Nicholas I, 54,119 Nothin, Neta, 150,151 Parush, Menachem, 71 Petah Tikva, 82, 83, 86, 93,143,159,184, 204124 Pines, Yechiel Michal, 81,131,132, 196127 Pinsker, Yehuda Leib, 168 Ponivezh (Yeshiva), 145 219 143,145,146,149,150, 19815, 199П6, 200123, 2 0 0П3 3, 20316 Rivlin, Reuven (father of YosefYoel), 155 Rivlin, Reuven (Ruvi), 1,182 Rivlin, Shmuel, 152 Rivlin, Yitzhak Isaac (son of Moshe Maggid), 107,115,116, 200П30 Rivlin, Yitzhak Zvi, 42-46, 68-71, 97, 120,122,139,144,146,150,157, 19117, 941О, 19 5П12, 2 01П3,204124 Rivlin, Yosef (grandson of Shlomo Zalman), 123,124,139, 20in8 Rivlin, Yosef Yoel, 71, 89, 90, 92,155,157, 20in8 Rivlin, Yosef Yosha, 38-40, 45, 66, 67, 75, 81-83, 86, 89,90, 92-94, 98-101,106, 121-34,136-40,143,146,149,150,159, 16 2,17 0,18 8П3,18 9П2, 196127, 197156, 20115, 20317, 205123 Rivlin, Zalman Chaim, 120 Rothschild, Asher Anshel, 52 Rothschild, family, 114, 197158 Rozenthal, Yitzhak, 91 Russian compound, 88 Rama (north ofJerusalem), 44 RamHal (Moshe Hayyim Luzzato), 61 Ratser, Hayyim, 195112 Reines, Yitzhak Yaakov, 191П15 Rivlin, Asher, 91, 92,152 Rivlin, Binyamin, 183 Rivlin, Avraham Binyamin (the son of Moshe Magid), 99 Rivlin, (Riveles) Binyamin of Shklov, 6, 11-17, 21, 22, 43, 44,48, 51, 68, 99,103, 104,106,107, no, in, 118,125,143,146, 150, 151, 171,173, i88n2i,i88nz3, 189123, 1923, 2Oin8 Rivlin, Binyamin of Talinn (grandson of 12-9 Salant, Benjamin
Binoche, 85 Salant, Shmuel, 82, 85, 86,112, 196142, Moshe Maggid), 200П30 Rivlin, Binyamin (son ofEliezer Rivlin), 18916 Rivlin, David, 123,124,139 Rivlin, Eliezer, 40, 41, 45,146, 200129 Rivlin, Hadasa, 157 Rivlin, Hayyim Hillel, 188П3 Rivlin, Hillel ofShklov, 6, 12-14, i7 18, 20-24,39,41,43-45,48,51,66,68,69,87, 97-99,106,108, no, in, 118,125,144-46, 149,150,155,161,171,176,180, .8916, 191П3,191П17,193128, 201137, 202117 Rivlin, Moshe (grandson of Moshe Maggid), 120 Rivlin, Moshe Maggid of Shklov, 40 ,46, 66, 68, 88, 92, 97, 99,106-120,125,131, 197142 Salomon, Yoel Moshe, 85,86, 92 Samuel, prophet, 41 Shaarei Zedek, 184 Shabbetai Zvi, 52,53,149 Shik, Baruch, see Baruch of Shklov Shilo, Avigdor, 176 Shimon bar Yochai, 154 Shklov, 6,11-14, 20, 21, 23, 24, 43, 50, 51, 97, 98, 106-109, in, 115,118,119,125, 143,145,150,160,184, 19112, 200П30, 202117 Shlomo of Vilkomir, 21 Shlomo Zalman of Volozhin, 21 Shneor Zalman of Liady, 3, 76, 78, 88,104, 118,150 Saadia (disciple of the Gaon), 21,31,33, 107,171,173 Safed, 2, 4, 5, 30-33, 36,39, 44,107, in,
220 INDEX OF NAMES Shuchat, Raphael, 59-65, 66,145, 152, 176, Vishnatsky, Alter Dov, 162, 197156 18 0, 193133, 2о3п17—8, 2 0 41118,207132 Simcha Bunim ofShklov, 21 Weizmann, Chaim, 59,168 Volozhin, 41,108,184 Sinai, Elyakim, 52 Wexler, Moshe Zvi, 171 Slonim, Shneur, 77 Wingate, Orde, 81 Sofer, Moshe, 52 Yaari, Avraham, 9 Stampfer, Yehoshua, 86 Yehoshua bin Nun, 101 Sternbuch, Moshe, 173-76,208П50 Yehuda he-Hasid (Hurva), 30, 37, 40, 44, Tcherikov, i88ni8 87. H5 В? Yehuda Leib, son of the Gaon of Vilna, Tiberias, 2, 5 Tikotzynsky, Yechiel Michal, 132 21, 25 Yellin, David, 131, 132 Tulachin, 41,184 Yellin, Yehuda, 85 Tura, Yehuda, 90, 197158 Yitzhak ofAcre, 154 Tzipori, Ilan, 171,207133 Yitzhak of Volozhin, 107 Tzoref, Mordechai, 84 Tzoref, Shlomo Zalman, 107 Zeitlin, Yehoshua, 11,15,16,150,151,172, Ustye, 15,183, i88nr8 Vilna, 13, 21, 22, 50,77,107, in, 115, 173,183,188П18 Zichron Tuvia, 184 Zilberman, Ytzhak Shlomo, 145 19215
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Contents Foreword by David Biale Acknowledgments vii ix Introduction I PART I The books Hazon Zion and Koiha-Tor and the Rivlinian myth 1 Hazon Zion, a Messianic Zionist movement 11 2 The main ideas ofKoi ha-Tor 18 3 Does Koiha-Tor express a Messianic Zionist doctrine 21 held by the Vilna Gaon? PART II The Vilna Gaon and his disciples as the first Zionists: The evolution of a myth 4 Why did the disciples of the Vilna Gaon immigrate to the Land of Israel? 29 5 How did the Rivlinian myth take form? 38 6 Rabbi Menachem Mendel K^has Ha-Tkufah ha-Gdolah 47
vi CONTENTS 7 The academic version of the Rivlinian myth 50 8 Did Shlomo Zalman Rivlin receive the text of Kolha-Tor from Yitzhak Zvi Rivlin? 68 PART III Additional writings by Shlomo Zalman Rivlin 9 Mossad ha-Yesod: The Old Yishuv recast as the beginnings of Zionism 10 Midrash Shlomo and the Department for Training Young Orators 75 96 11 Ha-MaggidDoresh Zion: Rabbi Moshe Rivlin as a “Zionist” leader 106 12 Sefer ha-Pizmonim: Yosef Yosha Rivlin as a “Messianic Zionist visionary” 121 PART IV The creation ofKolha-Tor 13 Who was the author ofKoi ha-Tor: 143 14 Shlomo Zalman Rivlin: The man and his literary motives 154 15 The embrace of the Rivlinian myth and 164 Kolha-Tor in Religious Zionist circles Conclusion 179 Appendix: Rivlinfamily members 183 Notes 187 Bibliography 209 Index ofNames 217
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ha-Manhig R. Yosef Yehoshua Rivlin [Scroll of Yosef: A precis from a general survey of the image and enterprises of the builder and leader R. Yosef Yehoshua Rivlin]. Bound with Midrash Shlomo. Jerusalem: Midrash Shlomo Committee, 1953. -------- . Rabbi YosefRivlin, Rabbi Yosha, Avi Binyan ha-Yishuv be-Eretz Israel [Rabbi Yosef Rivlin, Rabbi Yosha, father of the construction of the Yishuv in the Land of Israel]. Jerusalem: self-published, 1946. -------- , ed. Rabbi YosefRivlin, Rishon ha-Bonim [Rabbi Yosef Rivlin, first of the build ers]. Jerusalem: self-published, 1947. Weintraub, Israel Eliyahu. Ha-Tkufah be-Searat Eliyahu [The era in the storm of Eli yahu]. Beit Shemesh: publisher unknown, 2007. Wilensky, Mordechai. Hasidim u-Mitnagdim-. Le-Toldotha-PulmusBeineihem [Hasidim and Mitnagdim: On the history of the contention between them]. Vols. A-В. Jerusa lem: Bialik Institute Press, 1970. Winograd, Yesha’ayahu. Otzar Sifrei ha-GRA [Comprehensive bibliography of the GRA], Jerusalem: Kerem Eliyahu Press, 2003. Yaari, Avraham. IgrotEretz Israel [Letters from the Land of Israel]. Ramat-Gan: Massada Press, 1971. Yellin, Yehoshua. Zichronot le-Ben Yerushalayim [Memoirs of a Jerusalemite]. Jerusalem: family of the author, 1924. Zar, Pnina. Lohamim ba-Layla: Sippuro shel Orde Wingate [Warriors at night: The story of Orde Wingate], Jerusalem: Yad Yitzhak Ben Zvi Press, 1971.
Index ofNames Ahad Ha’am (Asher Zvi Ginzberg), 168 Ahituv, Yosef, 164,168 Alkalai, Yehuda Hai, 62., 160,181 Amsterdam, 44,107, 196135 Ari (Yitzhak Ashkenazy Luria), 61 Auerbach, Meir, 82, 85, 86 Aviner, Shlomo, 166-67,176 Avivi, Yosef, 147, 9418 Avraham of Kalisk, 2 Avraham, son of the Gaon, 21, 25 Baal ha-Tanya, see Shneur Zalman of Liady Baal Shem Tov, see Israel Baal Shem Tov Balakim, 127 Bardacki, Yeshayahu, 107 Barnai, Yaakov, 57, 193120 Bartal, Israel, 58-59, 84, 19312 Baruch (Shik) ofShklov, 150-51,172,173, 199122 Basel, 15 Bek family, 127, 171, 207136 Ben-Gurion, David, 168 Ben-Tzur, Shmaryahu, 182 Berlin, Naftali Zvi Yehuda, 62 Besht, see Israel Ba’al Shem Tov Burnett, Zerach, 86 Catherine II, 58 Cherikov (Cherykaw), 15,16 Cohen, Hayyim, 39 Cohen-Reis, Ephraim, 92 Constantinople, 108,112,113 Cyrus, 18, 50, 62,148 Dadon, Yitzhak, 170,207129 Damascus, 186 David ben Shimon, 91 Dnieper (river), 16 Efrat, Dov, 77 Eisenstein, Avraham, 38 Eliasberg, Mordechai, 62 Eliav, Mordechai, 50-51, 197142 Even Israel, 88, 131, 132 Frenkel, Ludwig August, 5 Friedlander, Hayyim, 145 Frumkin, Aryeh Leib, 29, 40,185,190П6 Fürth, 52 Galilee, 2, 64, hi, rz5 143 Gelber, Michael, 58 Graetz, Zvi, 158 Grayevsky, Pinchas, 202128 217
218 INDEX OF NAMES Grigert, Nathan, 86 Gush Katif, 169 Gutman, David, 86 Hacohen, Shear Yashuv, 208П63 Hafetz Hayyim, 167 Halevi, Yehuda, 71 Halevy, Eliezer, 112 Halevy, Shoshana, 197159 Hamburg, Wolf, 52 Harlap, Yaakov Moshe, 138-39 Hayyim of Volozhin, 4,21, 22, 25,107, 144,171,173 Hazan, Hayyim David, 85 Hebron, 5,77,78, 83 Hershkovitz, Yitzhak, 63-67 Herzl, Theodor, 1,15, 59,157,168 Hillel of Kovno, 53, 58 Horowitz (Lieder), Shimon Zvi, 133-36 Hurwitz, Elazar, 12 4,14 0,14 6-47,204116 Ibrahim Pasha, 64, 196137 Idelson, Avraham Zvi, 156,185 Israel Baal Shem Tov (Besht), 7, 36,76,88, 104,118,130,168 Israel of Polotsk, 2 Israel (ben Shmuel) of Shklov, 4, 25, 29, 31-35. 44.55 60,107,144,171,173,179, 199122 Jaffa, 83,114 Jericho, 8 3, 8 5,13 2, 197142 Jerusalem, 14,19, 30,76, 83, 86-93, 100-102, in, 118,125-128,148 Jordan Valley, 85-86 Kalisher, Zvi Hirsch, 52, 62,160,181 Kasher, Menachem Mendel, 47, 48,144, 16 4,17 3-7 7, 20312 Katz, Hayyim (son of Tuvia, of Pakrai), 31, 33.34.36,173 Kiel, Yehuda, 164-65 Kook, Avraham Yitzhak Hacohen, 137, 13 8,16 9,17 0, 207131 Kook, Zvi Yehuda, 49,164,176 Korah, 127 Krumbein, Elyakim, 171-7 2,17 7,207138 Leon, Ben-Zion, 85 Levin, Yehoshua Heschel, 22 Liebes, Yehuda, 149,204П18 Lilienblum, Moshe Leib, 168 London, 44, 92,158 Luntz, Avraham, 91-92 Luria, David of Bihov, 22,189П3 Luria, Shmarya, 22,183 Mahane Israel, 91, 198п66 Mazkeret Moshe, 138,159,185 Mea She’arim, 88,131,132,184 Melamed, Baruch Zalman, 167-68 Menachem Mendel of Shklov, 21, 22, 29-32, 34, 41, 44, 45, 56,57. 60, 87, 144,171,173, 199122 Menachem Mendel of Vitebsk, 2 Menachen
Mendel of Rimanov, 52 Menashe of Ilya, 55-57,173 Messiah ben David, 20 Messiah ben Yosef, 13,18-20, 62, 77, 78, 126-28,148,150,152,160,166 Michlin, Hayyim Michal, 39, 45,132,136, 137.159. 9т3—4 Mishkenot Israel, 131,132,138,184 Mishkenot Sha’ananim, 89, 91, 92, 197159, 198П64 Mohilev (Mogilev), 16,183 Mohilver, Shmuel, 159 Montague, Shmuel (Samuel), 92,158, 205116 Montefiore, Moses, 44, 45, 83-86, 89-92, 10 8,10 9,112-14, 196126, 197158, 197164, 200123 Montefiore, Yehudit, 84 Morgenstern, Arie, 17, 51-60, 66,145, 16 5,18 0, 8916, 192п3, 19 3ПП2 0-21, 193128—29, 19 3П3 3, 200123, 2 0 0П3 3, 2 0 3П6, 204118, 207132 Moscow, 44 Moshe de Leon, 154,155,20513 Musrara, 88 Nahalat Shiva, 88-92,131,132,184, 198066 Nahman ben Yitzhak, 30 Napoleon Bonaparte, 15,183
INDEX OF NAMES Nathansohn, Mordechai, 15,16, 188П21 Navon, Eliyahu, 91 Neeman, Aryeh Leib, 84 Neta (son of Menachem Mendel of Shklov), 107 Neta (son of Saadia), 107 Netanyahu, Binyamin, 182 Nicholas I, 54,119 Nothin, Neta, 150,151 Parush, Menachem, 71 Petah Tikva, 82, 83, 86, 93,143,159,184, 204124 Pines, Yechiel Michal, 81,131,132, 196127 Pinsker, Yehuda Leib, 168 Ponivezh (Yeshiva), 145 219 143,145,146,149,150, 19815, 199П6, 200123, 2 0 0П3 3, 20316 Rivlin, Reuven (father of YosefYoel), 155 Rivlin, Reuven (Ruvi), 1,182 Rivlin, Shmuel, 152 Rivlin, Yitzhak Isaac (son of Moshe Maggid), 107,115,116, 200П30 Rivlin, Yitzhak Zvi, 42-46, 68-71, 97, 120,122,139,144,146,150,157, 19117, 941О, 19 5П12, 2 01П3,204124 Rivlin, Yosef (grandson of Shlomo Zalman), 123,124,139, 20in8 Rivlin, Yosef Yoel, 71, 89, 90, 92,155,157, 20in8 Rivlin, Yosef Yosha, 38-40, 45, 66, 67, 75, 81-83, 86, 89,90, 92-94, 98-101,106, 121-34,136-40,143,146,149,150,159, 16 2,17 0,18 8П3,18 9П2, 196127, 197156, 20115, 20317, 205123 Rivlin, Zalman Chaim, 120 Rothschild, Asher Anshel, 52 Rothschild, family, 114, 197158 Rozenthal, Yitzhak, 91 Russian compound, 88 Rama (north ofJerusalem), 44 RamHal (Moshe Hayyim Luzzato), 61 Ratser, Hayyim, 195112 Reines, Yitzhak Yaakov, 191П15 Rivlin, Asher, 91, 92,152 Rivlin, Binyamin, 183 Rivlin, Avraham Binyamin (the son of Moshe Magid), 99 Rivlin, (Riveles) Binyamin of Shklov, 6, 11-17, 21, 22, 43, 44,48, 51, 68, 99,103, 104,106,107, no, in, 118,125,143,146, 150, 151, 171,173, i88n2i,i88nz3, 189123, 1923, 2Oin8 Rivlin, Binyamin of Talinn (grandson of 12-9 Salant, Benjamin
Binoche, 85 Salant, Shmuel, 82, 85, 86,112, 196142, Moshe Maggid), 200П30 Rivlin, Binyamin (son ofEliezer Rivlin), 18916 Rivlin, David, 123,124,139 Rivlin, Eliezer, 40, 41, 45,146, 200129 Rivlin, Hadasa, 157 Rivlin, Hayyim Hillel, 188П3 Rivlin, Hillel ofShklov, 6, 12-14, i7 18, 20-24,39,41,43-45,48,51,66,68,69,87, 97-99,106,108, no, in, 118,125,144-46, 149,150,155,161,171,176,180, .8916, 191П3,191П17,193128, 201137, 202117 Rivlin, Moshe (grandson of Moshe Maggid), 120 Rivlin, Moshe Maggid of Shklov, 40 ,46, 66, 68, 88, 92, 97, 99,106-120,125,131, 197142 Salomon, Yoel Moshe, 85,86, 92 Samuel, prophet, 41 Shaarei Zedek, 184 Shabbetai Zvi, 52,53,149 Shik, Baruch, see Baruch of Shklov Shilo, Avigdor, 176 Shimon bar Yochai, 154 Shklov, 6,11-14, 20, 21, 23, 24, 43, 50, 51, 97, 98, 106-109, in, 115,118,119,125, 143,145,150,160,184, 19112, 200П30, 202117 Shlomo of Vilkomir, 21 Shlomo Zalman of Volozhin, 21 Shneor Zalman of Liady, 3, 76, 78, 88,104, 118,150 Saadia (disciple of the Gaon), 21,31,33, 107,171,173 Safed, 2, 4, 5, 30-33, 36,39, 44,107, in,
220 INDEX OF NAMES Shuchat, Raphael, 59-65, 66,145, 152, 176, Vishnatsky, Alter Dov, 162, 197156 18 0, 193133, 2о3п17—8, 2 0 41118,207132 Simcha Bunim ofShklov, 21 Weizmann, Chaim, 59,168 Volozhin, 41,108,184 Sinai, Elyakim, 52 Wexler, Moshe Zvi, 171 Slonim, Shneur, 77 Wingate, Orde, 81 Sofer, Moshe, 52 Yaari, Avraham, 9 Stampfer, Yehoshua, 86 Yehoshua bin Nun, 101 Sternbuch, Moshe, 173-76,208П50 Yehuda he-Hasid (Hurva), 30, 37, 40, 44, Tcherikov, i88ni8 87. H5 В? Yehuda Leib, son of the Gaon of Vilna, Tiberias, 2, 5 Tikotzynsky, Yechiel Michal, 132 21, 25 Yellin, David, 131, 132 Tulachin, 41,184 Yellin, Yehuda, 85 Tura, Yehuda, 90, 197158 Yitzhak ofAcre, 154 Tzipori, Ilan, 171,207133 Yitzhak of Volozhin, 107 Tzoref, Mordechai, 84 Tzoref, Shlomo Zalman, 107 Zeitlin, Yehoshua, 11,15,16,150,151,172, Ustye, 15,183, i88nr8 Vilna, 13, 21, 22, 50,77,107, in, 115, 173,183,188П18 Zichron Tuvia, 184 Zilberman, Ytzhak Shlomo, 145 19215 |
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author | Eṭḳes, ʿImanuʾel 1939- |
author_GND | (DE-588)1089878389 (DE-588)136242766 |
author_facet | Eṭḳes, ʿImanuʾel 1939- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Eṭḳes, ʿImanuʾel 1939- |
author_variant | ʿ e ʿe |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV049356346 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1395975328 (DE-599)BVBBV049356346 |
format | Book |
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record_format | marc |
series2 | Stanford sudies in Jewish history and culture |
spelling | Eṭḳes, ʿImanuʾel 1939- Verfasser (DE-588)1089878389 aut Tsiyonut ha-meshiḥit shel ha-Gaʼon mi-Ṿilnah (2019) The invention of a tradition the Messianic Zionism of the Gaon of Vilna Immanuel Etkes ; translated by Saadya Sternberg ; with a foreword by David Biale Stanford, California Stanford University Press 2024 IX, 220 Seiten 14 Illustrationen und Porträts txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Stanford sudies in Jewish history and culture "Originally published in Hebrew in 2019 under the title Ha-tsiyonut ha-meshichit shel ha-gaon mi-Vilna: Hamtzaʼatah shel masoret. "The Gaon of Vilna was the foremost intellectual leader of non-Hasidic Jewry in eighteenth century Europe; his legacy is claimed by religious Jews, both Zionist and not. In the mid-twentieth century, Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Rivlin wrote several books advancing the myth that the Gaon was an early progenitor of Zionism. Following the 1967 War in Israel, messianic sentiments spread in some circles of the national-religious public in Israel, who embraced this myth and made it a central component of the historical narrative they advanced. For those who identified with the religious Zionist enterprise, the myth of the Gaon and his disciples as the first Zionists was seen as proof of the righteousness of their path. In this book, Israeli scholar Immanuel Etkes explores how what he calls the "Rivlinian myth" took hold, and demonstrates that it has no basis in historical reality. Etkes argues that proponents of the Rivlinian myth seek to blur the distinction between Zionism as a modern national movement or a religious one - a distinction that underlies many of the central conflicts of contemporary Israeli politics. As historian David Biale suggests in his brief foreword to this English translation, "what is at stake here is not only historical truth but also the very identity of Zionism as a nationalist movement.""-- Aus dem Hebräischen übersetzt Rivlin, Shelomo Zalman 1884-1962 (DE-588)105348562X gnd rswk-swf Eliyahu ben Shelomoh Zalman 1720-1797 (DE-588)119183706 gnd rswk-swf Messianismus (DE-588)4038831-1 gnd rswk-swf Zionismus (DE-588)4067864-7 gnd rswk-swf Elijah ben Solomon / 1720-1797 Elijah ben Solomon / 1720-1797 / Disciples Rivlin, Shelomo Zalman / 1884-1962 Jewish messianic movements / History Zionism and Judaism / History Zionism / Israel / History Messianisme juif / Histoire Disciples Jewish messianic movements Zionism Zionism and Judaism Israel History Eliyahu ben Shelomoh Zalman 1720-1797 (DE-588)119183706 p DE-604 Rivlin, Shelomo Zalman 1884-1962 (DE-588)105348562X p Zionismus (DE-588)4067864-7 s Messianismus (DE-588)4038831-1 s Biale, David 1949- (DE-588)136242766 wpr Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 9781503637092 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034616580&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034616580&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034616580&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister |
spellingShingle | Eṭḳes, ʿImanuʾel 1939- The invention of a tradition the Messianic Zionism of the Gaon of Vilna Rivlin, Shelomo Zalman 1884-1962 (DE-588)105348562X gnd Eliyahu ben Shelomoh Zalman 1720-1797 (DE-588)119183706 gnd Messianismus (DE-588)4038831-1 gnd Zionismus (DE-588)4067864-7 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)105348562X (DE-588)119183706 (DE-588)4038831-1 (DE-588)4067864-7 |
title | The invention of a tradition the Messianic Zionism of the Gaon of Vilna |
title_alt | Tsiyonut ha-meshiḥit shel ha-Gaʼon mi-Ṿilnah (2019) |
title_auth | The invention of a tradition the Messianic Zionism of the Gaon of Vilna |
title_exact_search | The invention of a tradition the Messianic Zionism of the Gaon of Vilna |
title_exact_search_txtP | The invention of a tradition the Messianic Zionism of the Gaon of Vilna |
title_full | The invention of a tradition the Messianic Zionism of the Gaon of Vilna Immanuel Etkes ; translated by Saadya Sternberg ; with a foreword by David Biale |
title_fullStr | The invention of a tradition the Messianic Zionism of the Gaon of Vilna Immanuel Etkes ; translated by Saadya Sternberg ; with a foreword by David Biale |
title_full_unstemmed | The invention of a tradition the Messianic Zionism of the Gaon of Vilna Immanuel Etkes ; translated by Saadya Sternberg ; with a foreword by David Biale |
title_short | The invention of a tradition |
title_sort | the invention of a tradition the messianic zionism of the gaon of vilna |
title_sub | the Messianic Zionism of the Gaon of Vilna |
topic | Rivlin, Shelomo Zalman 1884-1962 (DE-588)105348562X gnd Eliyahu ben Shelomoh Zalman 1720-1797 (DE-588)119183706 gnd Messianismus (DE-588)4038831-1 gnd Zionismus (DE-588)4067864-7 gnd |
topic_facet | Rivlin, Shelomo Zalman 1884-1962 Eliyahu ben Shelomoh Zalman 1720-1797 Messianismus Zionismus |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034616580&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034616580&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034616580&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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