Tvrz v Čelákovicích:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
V Čelákovicích
Městské muzeum
2022
|
| Ausgabe: | Vydání první |
| Schriftenreihe: | Edice Čelákovické kapitoly
sv. 3 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Literaturverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 800 výtisků |
| Beschreibung: | 107 Seiten Pläne 21 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788087187166 8087187164 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 653 | 0 | |a architektonické památky / Česko | |
| 653 | 0 | |a kulturní památky / Česko | |
| 653 | 0 | |a strongholds / Czechia | |
| 653 | 0 | |a strongholds / history | |
| 653 | 0 | |a museums / Czechia | |
| 653 | 0 | |a architectural monuments / Czechia | |
| 653 | 0 | |a cultural monuments / Czechia | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804185456917610496 |
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| adam_text | Obsah Úvod .................................................................................................................. 7 Jan Hergesell Tvrze v Čechách a v regionu.............................................................................. 9 Vznik čelákovické tvrze a její osudy do poloviny 16. století................. 15 Dvůr Hradištko a hospoda ve tvrzi ............................................................ 30 David Eisner Tvrz po roce 1948: přerod hostince v muzeum ...................................... 55 Ivan Vaňousek Architektura tvrze ....................................................................................... 73 Josef Pátek - Petr Studnička Závěrečné slovo - Tvrz v Čelákovicích ..................................................... 97 Summary ........................................................................................................ 99 Použitá publikovaná literatura .................................................................. 105
Summary Markéta Stanko Hereby, the Municipal Museum in Čelákovice repays its old debt to historians and architects as well as to general public by publishing this book on the his tory and development of the Čelákovice fortress, a building which has housed the museum itself in its walls since 1949. [pictures 2 to 5] David Eisner, the director of the Municipal Museum in Čelákovice, opens this publication, being followed by three chapters devoted to the history of the fortress until 1948 by Jan Hergesell. The first chapter called The fortresses in the Czech Republic and in the region introduces readers to the origin, development and decline of the fortress construction phenomenon, ie miner feudal fortified building linked to a village or a town settlement, or to its direct surroundings and to its economic background. He pays attention not only to the types of buildings that preceded, like a French motte, or a motte-and-bailey castle, a traditional residential courtyard or a Romanesque curiae but he also mentions their fellow companions”, ie castles and plow yards, and the later followers - chateaux. The golden era of fortresses in the Bohemian lands lasted from about the middle of the 13th century until the Thirty Years War (1618-1648). An interesting occurrence is the unprecedented concentration of fortresses in the wider vicinity of Čelákovice or generally in the whole area east of Prague which culminated in the second half of the 14th century, undoubtedly linked to a building activity of Prague burghers, [pictures 6, 7] The second chapter called The origin of the
Čelákovice fortress and its fate until the middle of the 16th century deals with the building s history until the moment it has definitively lost its function as a feudal manor, a place for a manorial lord to live and rule from. The fortress was built shortly after 1300 on a site where archaeological excavations traced a former settlement. Both the Slavic settlement dating back to the mid-1 Oth century and a stone foundation wall dating back to the 12th century were found there. The finds are interpreted as the foundations 99
of main courtyard building, otherwise wooden, which could belong to the nearby Old Boleslaus stronghold, [pictures 8, 9] In the first quarter of the 13th century, the construction of a stone late Romanesque empora church in the eastern neighborhood of the main building of the stronghold created a type of residence called Romanesque curia where the main role was played by a church tower as a refuge from external threats. After 1300, probably initiated by the then owners, the Cistercians from the monastery in Sedlec near Kutná Hora, the building was rebuilt into a tower-type stone fortress today s southern wing of the fortress, which used to be higher in terms of floors. We assume there was at least one stone-made floor upstairs and other extra floors made of wood above it. [pictures 10, 12] The original brick floor tiling from the 14th century has probably been preserved deep below today s floor levels of the southern tract, [pictures 11,91] The oldest written records of the Čelákovice fortress can be found in the Commemorative urban book of the town of Čelákovice, in the records from the years 1377 and 1382. The book itself had been kept from 1366 to 1557). [picture 14] After the Sedlec Cistercians, the fortress and the town pertained to Prague burgher s houses of the Rokycany families from Okor and then from Aachen, [picture 15] During the Hussite wars, the fortress passed into the hands of higher nobility, namely to the Škopeks from Dubá. It was also damaged by fire in those times. Subsequently, lords of Klinštejn, of Michalovice, the Tovačovský of Cimburk and Kraiger von
Kraigk took turns in the fortress s property [picture 21] From 1470 s to 1480 s, under the Cimburks, a basement under the southern wing was created and around 1500 (perhaps already under the Kraigers) a northern wing of the palace was built, [pictures 16, 17, 19, 20] Before 1547, the Brandýs estate, including Čelákovice, was confiscated from the Kraigers for their participation in the state rebellion in favor of the royal chamber. It was Mach Turnovský, a former officer from the Rohozec estate, who acquired the fortress and thus we see the end of the fortress s era as a feudal landlord s manor, [picture 23] The fate of the fortress from the middle of the 16th to the middle of the 20th century is described in the third chapter called Hradištko (Hillfort) and the pub in the fortress. The family Koutský from Kostelec followed by a row of other owners held the former fortress after Mach Turnovský. It was turned into a 100
common farmyard called Hradištko, leaving its former glory far behind. Since 1665, when Hradištko was annexed to the Brandýs estate, it has became the basis of the newly established village called Hrádek Čelakovský (the Čelákov Castle). Renaissance alterations to the interior and exterior of the fortress began under the Koutský of Kostelec if not even sooner under the Kraigers. The redesigns of the building lasted until 1579. [pictures 24, 25] At that time, a farm building and a fortifying wall with the east and the west gates were also built. During the Thirty Years War, the fortress was probably damaged and as part of the post-war restoration, a Baroque annex was added to the eastern façade of the northern wing. In the second half of the 18th century, the annex was extended and a taproom of a pub was set up there, [picture 27] The pub served its purpose throughout years. In 1778, it was sold to Josef Plocek. The preserved floor plans of the fortress from 1730 show that part of the building was also used as a gamekeeper s lodge (a court hunter lived here), another part served as an economic background of the neighboring mill. A stable for fifteen horses was located in the then farm building, [pictures 30, 31] After 1730, the southern wing was reduced. The oldest image of the fortress is preserved in a lithograph from 1840. [picture 32] In the first half of the 20th century, the owners of the pub repeatedly initiated modifications of the building - in 1904 it was Antonie Vaňková, in 1930 the Köhlers and in 1939 the Kudrnas in collaboration with Karel Bíbr, a local
architect, [pictures 37 to 45] The fourth chapter called Fortress after 1948 by David Eisner informs about the history of the building almost up to the present days. Between 1948 and 1953, during the Communist party s power takeover, so called national admin istration was imposed on the pub. In 1949, the Čelákovice Museum, founded in 1903, transported its collections to the fortress premises. Another part of the former fortress was used as apartments. Also, for a short time, it served as a base for a local music school and a storage place for the Municipal archive, [pictures 47 to 49] In 1957, Marie Dudová, a daughter of the Kudrna family, became the owner of the building. But in 1961 the District National Committee Prague-East transferred the fortress to the operational administration of the Municipal National Committee Čelákovice that led to a restitution dispute after 1989. However, the building condition deteriorated and the only solution 101
was an expensive reconstruction. After certain peripeties, we could have witnessed the process of rebuilding between 1972 and 1983. [pictures 50 to 63] The reconstruction removed building s inappropriate interventions from the first half of the 20th century and gave it its current Gothic-Renaissance character. In 2002, the above mentioned restitution dispute between the town of Čelákovice and Marie Dudová was decided in her favor by the Constitutional Court. A year later, the town bought the building from her. [picture 64] Today, the fortress is the most important immovable cultural monument owned by the town of Čelákovice. Ivan Vaňousek, author of the fifth chapter Architecture of the fortress deals with the current form of the main parts of the former fortress compound and describes the most valuable and interesting preserved both external and internal historical architectural details. The fortress consists not only of the two main L shaped wings but also of a farm building, a covered shed, a wall, a courtyard and a well with a stone Baroque lining of the above-ground part. The older southern wing of the fortress (built after 1300) with a floor plan of approximately 18 х 10 m is a single storey building with a partial basement and a mansard roof covering the attic, [picture 66] In its southern façade, it is supported by a slanting supporting pillar in the western corner. Near the eastern corner of this façade, a wall with a western Renaissance entrance gate is accentuated by a stone bossage with a splendidly embossed year of 1579 on its voussoir, which could most probably
be the date of its Renaissance alterati ons s ending, and a stonemason s mark, [picture 67] Furthermore, the gate is decorated with an opposite pair of fans made of linden leaves and both heels of the portal are equipped with stone buffers which prevented the then wheels of a horse carriage to destroy lower stone parts of the gate, [picture 68] We can observe simple undecorated Renaissance sandstone window jambs in the eastern façade of the southern wing, The younger northern wing consits of two parts, the western late Gothic (approx. 22 x 9 m) and the smaller eastern Baroque extension (approx. 10 x 8 m). Standing in the courtyard of the fortress and looking from the south, this wing appears to be a single unit with two floors and an attic, but standing in the neighbouring mill yard and looking at the building from the north, the older part of the tract (built around 1500) is apparently a three-storey building. This setting is due to the terrain configura tion of the space, [pictures 69, 70] The western façade of the northern wing is 102
rounded and thinned in its centre while supported by the scarp in its thinner part, [picture 71] In the northern late Gothic façade of this tract, there are eight window openings, five decorated with architecturally significant stone jambs. In the eastern half of the façade, you can see a triple-jointed window with a profiled Renaissance jamb and two double-joined windows with late Gothic profiled jambs located below it. [pictures 72 to 74] The western part of the façade is also decorated with a double-jointed window with a late Gothic mounding and a window with a profiled Renaissance moulding as well, [pictu res 75, 76] The southern façade of the late Gothic part of the northern tract has one late Gothic moulding made up of reclaimed historical parts, [picture 77] The eastern extension building with partial basement and an attic was built in two phases, the southern part after the mid-17th century and the northern part probably at the end of the 18th century. The extension building is covered by a hipped roof, [picture 78] As a part of the reconstruction of the fortress, several historical portals were transferred from other buildings in the city and its surrounding area and secondarily fitted into the northern façade, [picture 79] Just the southern wall is original, as a relic of the then farm building in the south-eastern part of the fortress area, built in the 16th century. In the eastern part of this wall, there is a narrow stone moulding reminding us of an embrasure set in a horizontal position, [picture 82] During the reconstruction period of the fortress, between
1972 and 1983, more his torical external and internal architectural elements were added. An arched Renaissance stone portal of the eastern gate is decorated with an otter s head in its upper part. An embossed motif of fish scales on the sides was set into the eastern part of the wall, too. [picture 84] The portal was transferred from a former local farm. The southern tract was decorated with sgraffito plaster in the Renaissance style. The northern tract is covered in Gothic illusory squar ing (made according to the prototype of the original traces of plaster decora tion revealed during the historical research), [pictures 20, 24] The eastern Baroque extension has a smooth plaster. Last but not least, it is worth paying attention to the high-quality artisan glazing of the triple-jointed window, to its targets in lead frames in the northern façade of the northern tract, to the lock and corner fittings of the windows and door wings and joinery products, too. [pictures 85 to 88] A significant number of other important historical both constructional and architectural elements can be seen in the interior of 103
the fortress, [pictures 89, 90] In the entrance hall of the southern tract, an original Gothic brick flooring from the 14th century can be seen through a floor based window in the actual floor, [pictures 11, 91] In the western room of the same tract, in its northeast corner, there are openings for a chimney vent from a hearth, probably a fireplace or furnace, [picture 92] In two rooms of the northern section, Renaissance corner and attached sandstone columns that once supported the vaulted ceiling have been partially preserved. In one of the rooms, there is also a profiled Baroque sandstone portal of a fireplace hearth, [pictures 93 to 96] In other rooms of this tract, we can admire several late Gothic sandstone portals, [pictures 19, 97] In the representative hall of the northern tract, a vent opening of a small fireplace hearth and a hand-hewn wooden ceiling beams have been preserved till our days, [pictures 98, 99] The same construction of a ceiling has been preserved in a room of the Baroque eastern extension of the northern section of the Čelákovice fortress. Most of the basement spaces of both tracts are vaulted with historical vaults, [pictures 100, 101] The construction development of the Čelákovice fortress with color-marked phases can be followed on the floor plans. They are to be found on the first underground and on the first and second floors of the main building. Also, the first floor of the former farm building is marked this way. [pictures 13, 18, 22,26] The final words have been added by the important representatives of the local government: the mayor of
the city, Mr Josef Pátek, and the deputy mayor, Mr Petr Studnička. 104
Použitá publikovaná literatura BERAN, Zdeněk, Poslední páni z Michalovic, České Budějovice 2010. BOHÁČOVA, Ivana, Contribution to the study of hinterland of the Early Medieval Stará Boleslav, POLÁČEK, Lumír (ed.), Das wirtschaftliche Hinterland der frühmittelalterlichen Zentren, Brno 2008, s. 179-194. BOLINA, Pavel - KLIMEK, Tomáš - CÍLEK, Václav, Staré cesty v krajině středních Čech, Praha 2019. DLASK, Antonín Ladislav (Ladislav z Hory), Něco o Čelákovicích, Lumír, 4, 18, 1854, s. 425-430. ĎURČANSKÝ, Marek - KOLEK, Roman (eds.), Radní manuál Pavla Ježdíka 1639-1654, Čelákovice 2016. DURDÍK, Tomáš, Ilustrovaná encyklopedie českých hradů, Praha 1999. EMLER, Josef (ed.), Pozůstatky desk zemských království Českého r. 1541 pohořelých, I, Praha 1870. HAVEL, Dalibor, Katalog listin a listů к VII. dílu Českého diplomatáře I., Brno 2011. HEBER, František Alexandr, České hrady, zámky a tvrze IV. Střední Čechy, Praha 2012. HNÁT, Miloslav, Rekonstrukce tvrze v Čelákovicích, Československý architekt, 1, 1985, s. 1 a3. KAŠPAR, Jaroslav, Čelákovice v roce 1785. Historicko-topografický obraz města podaný na základě údajů josefského katastru, Středočeský sborník historický, 24, 1998, s. 38-77. KAŠPAR, Jaroslav, Ferlesové v Čelákovicích, ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav (ed.), 100 let Městského muzea v Čelákovicích, Čelákovice 2004, s. 465-512. KAŠPAR, Jaroslav, Lidé a domy v Čelákovicích v polovině 17. století (1642-1654), Studie a zprávy Okresního muzea Praha-východ, 13, 1998, s. 9-40. KLÁPŠTĚ, Jan, Proměna českých zemí ve středověku, Praha 2005. 105
KLICPERA, Bohumil, Protože nás (město) restituentka zažalovala, Zpravodaj města Čelákovic, 11,2003, s. 4. KLICPERA, Bohumil, Starosta vysvětluje..., Zpravodaj města Čelákovic, 7, 2003, s. 1 a 3. KOLEK, Roman, Čelákovice a Koutští z Kostelce, ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav (ed.), 100 let Městského muzea v Čelákovicích, Čelákovice 2004, s. 273-296. KOLEK, Roman, Labe a Brandýsko v raném novověku, Dějiny vědy a techniky, LI, 2, 2018, s. 132-156. Libni confirmationum ad bénéficia ecclesiastica Pragensem per archidioecesim, I/2, Praha 1874. Libri confirmationum ad bénéficia ecclesiastica Pragensem per archidioecesim, V, Praha 1865. Libri confirmationum ad bénéficia ecclesiastica Pragensem per archidioecesim, VII, Praha 1886. Libri confirmationum ad bénéficia ecclesiastica Pragensem per archidioecesim, Vlll-X, Praha 1889. NOVÁKOVÁ, Stanislava, Krajírové z Krajku. Z Korutan do zemí České koruny, České Budějovice 2010. PODLAHA, Antonín - ŠITTLER, Eduard, Soupis památek historických a uměleckých v království Českém XV. Politický okres karlínský, Praha 1901. POŘÍZ, Miroslav, Do čelákovického muzea už nepoteče, Čelákovický zpravodaj, 11,1965, s. 2. PRÁŠEK, Justin Václav, Brandejs nad Labem. Město, panství a okres, díl III., Brandýs nad Labem 1913. PROFANTOVÁ, Naďa - ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav - NOVOTNÁ, Miroslava, Nové poznatky o výrobě a obsahu kaptorg na základě studia hrobů ze Zelence a Čelákovic, okr. Praha-východ, Archeologie ve středních Čechách, 15, 2011, s. 539-552. SEDLÁČEK, August, Hrady, zámky a tvrze království Českého, díl desátý, Praha 1997. SEDLÁČEK, August, Hrady, zámky a tvrze království
Českého, díl patnáctý, Praha 1998. SVOBODA, Ladislav a kol., Encyklopedie českých tvrzí, I. díl. A-J, Praha 1997. 106
SALDA, Josef, Proč jsme se vlastně (o tvrz) soudili?, Zpravodaj města Čelákovic, 11,2003, s. 4. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav, Čelákovická tvrz, Středočeský sborník historický, 9, 1974, s. 183-199. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav, Čelákovická tvrz, Archaeologia historica, 2, 1977, s. 127-136. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav (ed.), Kronika města Čelákovic I., 1857-1939, Čelákovice 2006. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav, Některé nové poznatky ze stavebně historického průzkumu a archeologického výzkumu bývalého Hrádku v Čelákovicích, Středočeský vlastivědný sborník, 15, 1997, s. 192-206. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav, Příspěvek к poznání hradištního osídlení Čelákovic a okolí, Studie a zprávy Okresního muzea Praha-východ 1972, 1973, s. 5-25. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav - SKRUŽNÝ, Ludvík, 100 let od založení Městského muzea v Čelákovicích, ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav (ed.), 100 let Městského muzea v Čelákovicích, Čelákovice 2004, s. 13-56. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav - SNÍTILÝ, Pavel, Archeologické akce na území sledovaném Městským muzeem v Čelákovicích od konce 19. stol, do roku 2000, Výzkumy v Čechách 2000, Praha 2003, s. 317-415. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav - SNÍTILÝ, Pavel, Městské muzeum v Čelákovicích. Archeologické výzkumy v roce 2010, Středočeský vlastivědný sborník, 29,2011,s. 174-183. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav a kol., Z historie čelákovického děkanského chrámu Nanebevzetí Panny Marie, Čelákovice 2018. TIEFTRUNK, Karel, Odpor stavův českých proti Ferdinandovi I. léta 1547, Praha 1872. TOMEK, Václav Vladivoj, Dějepis města Prahy, díl II., Praha 1892. VLASÁK, Emanuel - KAŠPAR, Jaroslav - ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav, Polabské město Čelákovice. Stručné dějiny, Čelákovice 1991. ŽIŽKA, Jan, Drobně feudální
sídlo ve východním okolí Prahy, Architektura ČSR, 37, 6-7,1978, s. 307-308. 107
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Obsah Úvod . 7 Jan Hergesell Tvrze v Čechách a v regionu. 9 Vznik čelákovické tvrze a její osudy do poloviny 16. století. 15 Dvůr Hradištko a hospoda ve tvrzi . 30 David Eisner Tvrz po roce 1948: přerod hostince v muzeum . 55 Ivan Vaňousek Architektura tvrze . 73 Josef Pátek - Petr Studnička Závěrečné slovo - Tvrz v Čelákovicích . 97 Summary . 99 Použitá publikovaná literatura . 105
Summary Markéta Stanko Hereby, the Municipal Museum in Čelákovice repays its old debt to historians and architects as well as to general public by publishing this book on the his tory and development of the Čelákovice fortress, a building which has housed the museum itself in its walls since 1949. [pictures 2 to 5] David Eisner, the director of the Municipal Museum in Čelákovice, opens this publication, being followed by three chapters devoted to the history of the fortress until 1948 by Jan Hergesell. The first chapter called The fortresses in the Czech Republic and in the region introduces readers to the origin, development and decline of the fortress construction phenomenon, ie miner feudal fortified building linked to a village or a town settlement, or to its direct surroundings and to its economic background. He pays attention not only to the types of buildings that preceded, like a French motte, or a motte-and-bailey castle, a traditional residential courtyard or a Romanesque curiae but he also mentions their "fellow companions”, ie castles and plow yards, and the later followers - chateaux. The golden era of fortresses in the Bohemian lands lasted from about the middle of the 13th century until the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648). An interesting occurrence is the unprecedented concentration of fortresses in the wider vicinity of Čelákovice or generally in the whole area east of Prague which culminated in the second half of the 14th century, undoubtedly linked to a building activity of Prague burghers, [pictures 6, 7] The second chapter called The origin of the
Čelákovice fortress and its fate until the middle of the 16th century deals with the building's history until the moment it has definitively lost its function as a feudal manor, a place for a manorial lord to live and rule from. The fortress was built shortly after 1300 on a site where archaeological excavations traced a former settlement. Both the Slavic settlement dating back to the mid-1 Oth century and a stone foundation wall dating back to the 12th century were found there. The finds are interpreted as the foundations 99
of main courtyard building, otherwise wooden, which could belong to the nearby Old Boleslaus stronghold, [pictures 8, 9] In the first quarter of the 13th century, the construction of a stone late Romanesque empora church in the eastern neighborhood of the main building of the stronghold created a type of residence called Romanesque curia where the main role was played by a church tower as a refuge from external threats. After 1300, probably initiated by the then owners, the Cistercians from the monastery in Sedlec near Kutná Hora, the building was rebuilt into a tower-type stone fortress today's southern wing of the fortress, which used to be higher in terms of floors. We assume there was at least one stone-made floor upstairs and other extra floors made of wood above it. [pictures 10, 12] The original brick floor tiling from the 14th century has probably been preserved deep below today's floor levels of the southern tract, [pictures 11,91] The oldest written records of the Čelákovice fortress can be found in the Commemorative urban book of the town of Čelákovice, in the records from the years 1377 and 1382. The book itself had been kept from 1366 to 1557). [picture 14] After the Sedlec Cistercians, the fortress and the town pertained to Prague burgher's houses of the Rokycany families from Okor and then from Aachen, [picture 15] During the Hussite wars, the fortress passed into the hands of higher nobility, namely to the Škopeks from Dubá. It was also damaged by fire in those times. Subsequently, lords of Klinštejn, of Michalovice, the Tovačovský of Cimburk and Kraiger von
Kraigk took turns in the fortress's property [picture 21] From 1470's to 1480's, under the Cimburks, a basement under the southern wing was created and around 1500 (perhaps already under the Kraigers) a northern wing of the palace was built, [pictures 16, 17, 19, 20] Before 1547, the Brandýs estate, including Čelákovice, was confiscated from the Kraigers for their participation in the state rebellion in favor of the royal chamber. It was Mach Turnovský, a former officer from the Rohozec estate, who acquired the fortress and thus we see the end of the fortress's era as a feudal landlord's manor, [picture 23] The fate of the fortress from the middle of the 16th to the middle of the 20th century is described in the third chapter called Hradištko (Hillfort) and the pub in the fortress. The family Koutský from Kostelec followed by a row of other owners held the former fortress after Mach Turnovský. It was turned into a 100
common farmyard called Hradištko, leaving its former glory far behind. Since 1665, when Hradištko was annexed to the Brandýs estate, it has became the basis of the newly established village called Hrádek Čelakovský (the Čelákov Castle). Renaissance alterations to the interior and exterior of the fortress began under the Koutský of Kostelec if not even sooner under the Kraigers. The redesigns of the building lasted until 1579. [pictures 24, 25] At that time, a farm building and a fortifying wall with the east and the west gates were also built. During the Thirty Years' War, the fortress was probably damaged and as part of the post-war restoration, a Baroque annex was added to the eastern façade of the northern wing. In the second half of the 18th century, the annex was extended and a taproom of a pub was set up there, [picture 27] The pub served its purpose throughout years. In 1778, it was sold to Josef Plocek. The preserved floor plans of the fortress from 1730 show that part of the building was also used as a gamekeeper's lodge (a court hunter lived here), another part served as an economic background of the neighboring mill. A stable for fifteen horses was located in the then farm building, [pictures 30, 31] After 1730, the southern wing was reduced. The oldest image of the fortress is preserved in a lithograph from 1840. [picture 32] In the first half of the 20th century, the owners of the pub repeatedly initiated modifications of the building - in 1904 it was Antonie Vaňková, in 1930 the Köhlers and in 1939 the Kudrnas in collaboration with Karel Bíbr, a local
architect, [pictures 37 to 45] The fourth chapter called Fortress after 1948 by David Eisner informs about the history of the building almost up to the present days. Between 1948 and 1953, during the Communist party's power takeover, so called national admin istration was imposed on the pub. In 1949, the Čelákovice Museum, founded in 1903, transported its collections to the fortress premises. Another part of the former fortress was used as apartments. Also, for a short time, it served as a base for a local music school and a storage place for the Municipal archive, [pictures 47 to 49] In 1957, Marie Dudová, a daughter of the Kudrna family, became the owner of the building. But in 1961 the District National Committee Prague-East transferred the fortress to the operational administration of the Municipal National Committee Čelákovice that led to a restitution dispute after 1989. However, the building condition deteriorated and the only solution 101
was an expensive reconstruction. After certain peripeties, we could have witnessed the process of rebuilding between 1972 and 1983. [pictures 50 to 63] The reconstruction removed building's inappropriate interventions from the first half of the 20th century and gave it its current Gothic-Renaissance character. In 2002, the above mentioned restitution dispute between the town of Čelákovice and Marie Dudová was decided in her favor by the Constitutional Court. A year later, the town bought the building from her. [picture 64] Today, the fortress is the most important immovable cultural monument owned by the town of Čelákovice. Ivan Vaňousek, author of the fifth chapter Architecture of the fortress deals with the current form of the main parts of the former fortress compound and describes the most valuable and interesting preserved both external and internal historical architectural details. The fortress consists not only of the two main L shaped wings but also of a farm building, a covered shed, a wall, a courtyard and a well with a stone Baroque lining of the above-ground part. The older southern wing of the fortress (built after 1300) with a floor plan of approximately 18 х 10 m is a single storey building with a partial basement and a mansard roof covering the attic, [picture 66] In its southern façade, it is supported by a slanting supporting pillar in the western corner. Near the eastern corner of this façade, a wall with a western Renaissance entrance gate is accentuated by a stone bossage with a splendidly embossed year of 1579 on its voussoir, which could most probably
be the date of its Renaissance alterati ons's ending, and a stonemason's mark, [picture 67] Furthermore, the gate is decorated with an opposite pair of fans made of linden leaves and both heels of the portal are equipped with stone buffers which prevented the then wheels of a horse carriage to destroy lower stone parts of the gate, [picture 68] We can observe simple undecorated Renaissance sandstone window jambs in the eastern façade of the southern wing, The younger northern wing consits of two parts, the western late Gothic (approx. 22 x 9 m) and the smaller eastern Baroque extension (approx. 10 x 8 m). Standing in the courtyard of the fortress and looking from the south, this wing appears to be a single unit with two floors and an attic, but standing in the neighbouring mill yard and looking at the building from the north, the older part of the tract (built around 1500) is apparently a three-storey building. This setting is due to the terrain configura tion of the space, [pictures 69, 70] The western façade of the northern wing is 102
rounded and thinned in its centre while supported by the scarp in its thinner part, [picture 71] In the northern late Gothic façade of this tract, there are eight window openings, five decorated with architecturally significant stone jambs. In the eastern half of the façade, you can see a triple-jointed window with a profiled Renaissance jamb and two double-joined windows with late Gothic profiled jambs located below it. [pictures 72 to 74] The western part of the façade is also decorated with a double-jointed window with a late Gothic mounding and a window with a profiled Renaissance moulding as well, [pictu res 75, 76] The southern façade of the late Gothic part of the northern tract has one late Gothic moulding made up of reclaimed historical parts, [picture 77] The eastern extension building with partial basement and an attic was built in two phases, the southern part after the mid-17th century and the northern part probably at the end of the 18th century. The extension building is covered by a hipped roof, [picture 78] As a part of the reconstruction of the fortress, several historical portals were transferred from other buildings in the city and its surrounding area and secondarily fitted into the northern façade, [picture 79] Just the southern wall is original, as a relic of the then farm building in the south-eastern part of the fortress area, built in the 16th century. In the eastern part of this wall, there is a narrow stone moulding reminding us of an embrasure set in a horizontal position, [picture 82] During the reconstruction period of the fortress, between
1972 and 1983, more his torical external and internal architectural elements were added. An arched Renaissance stone portal of the eastern gate is decorated with an otter's head in its upper part. An embossed motif of fish scales on the sides was set into the eastern part of the wall, too. [picture 84] The portal was transferred from a former local farm. The southern tract was decorated with sgraffito plaster in the Renaissance style. The northern tract is covered in Gothic illusory squar ing (made according to the prototype of the original traces of plaster decora tion revealed during the historical research), [pictures 20, 24] The eastern Baroque extension has a smooth plaster. Last but not least, it is worth paying attention to the high-quality artisan glazing of the triple-jointed window, to its targets in lead frames in the northern façade of the northern tract, to the lock and corner fittings of the windows and door wings and joinery products, too. [pictures 85 to 88] A significant number of other important historical both constructional and architectural elements can be seen in the interior of 103
the fortress, [pictures 89, 90] In the entrance hall of the southern tract, an original Gothic brick flooring from the 14th century can be seen through a floor based window in the actual floor, [pictures 11, 91] In the western room of the same tract, in its northeast corner, there are openings for a chimney vent from a hearth, probably a fireplace or furnace, [picture 92] In two rooms of the northern section, Renaissance corner and attached sandstone columns that once supported the vaulted ceiling have been partially preserved. In one of the rooms, there is also a profiled Baroque sandstone portal of a fireplace hearth, [pictures 93 to 96] In other rooms of this tract, we can admire several late Gothic sandstone portals, [pictures 19, 97] In the representative hall of the northern tract, a vent opening of a small fireplace hearth and a hand-hewn wooden ceiling beams have been preserved till our days, [pictures 98, 99] The same construction of a ceiling has been preserved in a room of the Baroque eastern extension of the northern section of the Čelákovice fortress. Most of the basement spaces of both tracts are vaulted with historical vaults, [pictures 100, 101] The construction development of the Čelákovice fortress with color-marked phases can be followed on the floor plans. They are to be found on the first underground and on the first and second floors of the main building. Also, the first floor of the former farm building is marked this way. [pictures 13, 18, 22,26] The final words have been added by the important representatives of the local government: the mayor of
the city, Mr Josef Pátek, and the deputy mayor, Mr Petr Studnička. 104
Použitá publikovaná literatura BERAN, Zdeněk, Poslední páni z Michalovic, České Budějovice 2010. BOHÁČOVA, Ivana, Contribution to the study of hinterland of the Early Medieval Stará Boleslav, POLÁČEK, Lumír (ed.), Das wirtschaftliche Hinterland der frühmittelalterlichen Zentren, Brno 2008, s. 179-194. BOLINA, Pavel - KLIMEK, Tomáš - CÍLEK, Václav, Staré cesty v krajině středních Čech, Praha 2019. DLASK, Antonín Ladislav (Ladislav z Hory), Něco o Čelákovicích, Lumír, 4, 18, 1854, s. 425-430. ĎURČANSKÝ, Marek - KOLEK, Roman (eds.), Radní manuál Pavla Ježdíka 1639-1654, Čelákovice 2016. DURDÍK, Tomáš, Ilustrovaná encyklopedie českých hradů, Praha 1999. EMLER, Josef (ed.), Pozůstatky desk zemských království Českého r. 1541 pohořelých, I, Praha 1870. HAVEL, Dalibor, Katalog listin a listů к VII. dílu Českého diplomatáře I., Brno 2011. HEBER, František Alexandr, České hrady, zámky a tvrze IV. Střední Čechy, Praha 2012. HNÁT, Miloslav, Rekonstrukce tvrze v Čelákovicích, Československý architekt, 1, 1985, s. 1 a3. KAŠPAR, Jaroslav, Čelákovice v roce 1785. Historicko-topografický obraz města podaný na základě údajů josefského katastru, Středočeský sborník historický, 24, 1998, s. 38-77. KAŠPAR, Jaroslav, Ferlesové v Čelákovicích, ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav (ed.), 100 let Městského muzea v Čelákovicích, Čelákovice 2004, s. 465-512. KAŠPAR, Jaroslav, Lidé a domy v Čelákovicích v polovině 17. století (1642-1654), Studie a zprávy Okresního muzea Praha-východ, 13, 1998, s. 9-40. KLÁPŠTĚ, Jan, Proměna českých zemí ve středověku, Praha 2005. 105
KLICPERA, Bohumil, Protože nás (město) restituentka zažalovala, Zpravodaj města Čelákovic, 11,2003, s. 4. KLICPERA, Bohumil, Starosta vysvětluje., Zpravodaj města Čelákovic, 7, 2003, s. 1 a 3. KOLEK, Roman, Čelákovice a Koutští z Kostelce, ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav (ed.), 100 let Městského muzea v Čelákovicích, Čelákovice 2004, s. 273-296. KOLEK, Roman, Labe a Brandýsko v raném novověku, Dějiny vědy a techniky, LI, 2, 2018, s. 132-156. Libni confirmationum ad bénéficia ecclesiastica Pragensem per archidioecesim, I/2, Praha 1874. Libri confirmationum ad bénéficia ecclesiastica Pragensem per archidioecesim, V, Praha 1865. Libri confirmationum ad bénéficia ecclesiastica Pragensem per archidioecesim, VII, Praha 1886. Libri confirmationum ad bénéficia ecclesiastica Pragensem per archidioecesim, Vlll-X, Praha 1889. NOVÁKOVÁ, Stanislava, Krajírové z Krajku. Z Korutan do zemí České koruny, České Budějovice 2010. PODLAHA, Antonín - ŠITTLER, Eduard, Soupis památek historických a uměleckých v království Českém XV. Politický okres karlínský, Praha 1901. POŘÍZ, Miroslav, Do čelákovického muzea už nepoteče, Čelákovický zpravodaj, 11,1965, s. 2. PRÁŠEK, Justin Václav, Brandejs nad Labem. Město, panství a okres, díl III., Brandýs nad Labem 1913. PROFANTOVÁ, Naďa - ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav - NOVOTNÁ, Miroslava, Nové poznatky o výrobě a obsahu kaptorg na základě studia hrobů ze Zelence a Čelákovic, okr. Praha-východ, Archeologie ve středních Čechách, 15, 2011, s. 539-552. SEDLÁČEK, August, Hrady, zámky a tvrze království Českého, díl desátý, Praha 1997. SEDLÁČEK, August, Hrady, zámky a tvrze království
Českého, díl patnáctý, Praha 1998. SVOBODA, Ladislav a kol., Encyklopedie českých tvrzí, I. díl. A-J, Praha 1997. 106
SALDA, Josef, Proč jsme se vlastně (o tvrz) soudili?, Zpravodaj města Čelákovic, 11,2003, s. 4. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav, Čelákovická tvrz, Středočeský sborník historický, 9, 1974, s. 183-199. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav, Čelákovická tvrz, Archaeologia historica, 2, 1977, s. 127-136. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav (ed.), Kronika města Čelákovic I., 1857-1939, Čelákovice 2006. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav, Některé nové poznatky ze stavebně historického průzkumu a archeologického výzkumu bývalého Hrádku v Čelákovicích, Středočeský vlastivědný sborník, 15, 1997, s. 192-206. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav, Příspěvek к poznání hradištního osídlení Čelákovic a okolí, Studie a zprávy Okresního muzea Praha-východ 1972, 1973, s. 5-25. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav - SKRUŽNÝ, Ludvík, 100 let od založení Městského muzea v Čelákovicích, ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav (ed.), 100 let Městského muzea v Čelákovicích, Čelákovice 2004, s. 13-56. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav - SNÍTILÝ, Pavel, Archeologické akce na území sledovaném Městským muzeem v Čelákovicích od konce 19. stol, do roku 2000, Výzkumy v Čechách 2000, Praha 2003, s. 317-415. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav - SNÍTILÝ, Pavel, Městské muzeum v Čelákovicích. Archeologické výzkumy v roce 2010, Středočeský vlastivědný sborník, 29,2011,s. 174-183. ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav a kol., Z historie čelákovického děkanského chrámu Nanebevzetí Panny Marie, Čelákovice 2018. TIEFTRUNK, Karel, Odpor stavův českých proti Ferdinandovi I. léta 1547, Praha 1872. TOMEK, Václav Vladivoj, Dějepis města Prahy, díl II., Praha 1892. VLASÁK, Emanuel - KAŠPAR, Jaroslav - ŠPAČEK, Jaroslav, Polabské město Čelákovice. Stručné dějiny, Čelákovice 1991. ŽIŽKA, Jan, Drobně feudální
sídlo ve východním okolí Prahy, Architektura ČSR, 37, 6-7,1978, s. 307-308. 107 |
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| author | Eisner, David Hergesell, Jan Vaňousek, Ivan |
| author_facet | Eisner, David Hergesell, Jan Vaňousek, Ivan |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Eisner, David |
| author_variant | d e de j h jh i v iv |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049107769 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1413234789 (DE-599)BVBBV049107769 |
| edition | Vydání první |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Čelákovice (DE-588)4280996-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Čelákovice |
| id | DE-604.BV049107769 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:34:09Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:55:32Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788087187166 8087187164 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034369151 |
| oclc_num | 1413234789 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 107 Seiten Pläne 21 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20240111 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Městské muzeum |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Edice Čelákovické kapitoly |
| series2 | Edice Čelákovické kapitoly |
| spelling | Eisner, David Verfasser aut Tvrz v Čelákovicích David Eisner, Jan Hergesell, Ivan Vaňousek Vydání první V Čelákovicích Městské muzeum 2022 107 Seiten Pläne 21 cm txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Edice Čelákovické kapitoly sv. 3 800 výtisků Englische Zusammenfassung Festung (DE-588)4016934-0 gnd rswk-swf Burg (DE-588)4009104-1 gnd rswk-swf Čelákovice (DE-588)4280996-4 gnd rswk-swf Čelákovice (tvrz) Městské muzeum (Čelákovice, Česko) tvrze / Česko tvrze / dějiny muzea / Česko architektonické památky / Česko kulturní památky / Česko strongholds / Czechia strongholds / history museums / Czechia architectural monuments / Czechia cultural monuments / Czechia Čelákovice (Česko) Čelákovice (Czechia) kolektivní monografie collective monographs Čelákovice (DE-588)4280996-4 g Festung (DE-588)4016934-0 s Burg (DE-588)4009104-1 s DE-604 Hergesell, Jan Verfasser aut Vaňousek, Ivan Verfasser aut Čelákovice (DE-588)4280996-4 gnd pup Edice Čelákovické kapitoly sv. 3 (DE-604)BV049486582 3 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034369151&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034369151&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034369151&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Eisner, David Hergesell, Jan Vaňousek, Ivan Tvrz v Čelákovicích Edice Čelákovické kapitoly Festung (DE-588)4016934-0 gnd Burg (DE-588)4009104-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4016934-0 (DE-588)4009104-1 (DE-588)4280996-4 |
| title | Tvrz v Čelákovicích |
| title_auth | Tvrz v Čelákovicích |
| title_exact_search | Tvrz v Čelákovicích |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Tvrz v Čelákovicích |
| title_full | Tvrz v Čelákovicích David Eisner, Jan Hergesell, Ivan Vaňousek |
| title_fullStr | Tvrz v Čelákovicích David Eisner, Jan Hergesell, Ivan Vaňousek |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tvrz v Čelákovicích David Eisner, Jan Hergesell, Ivan Vaňousek |
| title_short | Tvrz v Čelákovicích |
| title_sort | tvrz v celakovicich |
| topic | Festung (DE-588)4016934-0 gnd Burg (DE-588)4009104-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Festung Burg Čelákovice |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034369151&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034369151&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034369151&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV049486582 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT eisnerdavid tvrzvcelakovicich AT hergeselljan tvrzvcelakovicich AT vanousekivan tvrzvcelakovicich |