Cine suntem noi?: despre identitatea femeilor din România modernă
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Romanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bucureşti
Editura Anima
1996
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 151 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9739053246 |
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Cuprins Mădălina Nicolaescu Introducere: Teorie versus practică în sprijinirea femeilor . 7 Aurora Liiceanu Rivalitate și solidaritate: începuturile feminismului în România. 20 Maria Bucur între mituri, icoane și tăceri. Femeile române în primul război mondial . 40 Adriana Baban Viața sexuală a femeilor: o experiență traumatizantă în România socialistă . 51 Laura Grünberg Cei șapte ani de acasă ai băiatului meu . 69 Gabriela Predoșan Forța de muncă feminină pe piața muncii — între aspirații și nevoi . 76 Monica Lotreanu Informare sau manipulare: despre imaginea femeii în presa posttotalitară . 90 Mădălina Nicolaescu Cu cît mai artificială, cu atît mai feminină—impactul idealului de feminitate occidentală . 109 Mihaela Miroiu Despre schismele originare. 117 Summary . 148 (Rezumat în limba engleză)
SUMMARY The editor's Introduction - Theory versus Practice in Promoting Women's Cause sets out the major goals pursued in this collection of essays: to recover a section of Romanian women's historical past and discuss trends and problems in their present situation; to introduce feminist perspectives in approaching past and present feminine identity; to redefine the latter as a construction, constituted by a number of social, political, economic and cultural factors to make for the empowerment of women in their attempts to counter their marginalization in postcommunist Romania. The article includes a theoretical section discussing the need and relevance for feminist analyses and theory. This chapter is followed by a critical appraisal of the beginnings of a women's movement in Romania and of women's non governmental organisations. The latter are shown to have made significant pro gress, which is all the more remarkable in view of the suspicion, lack of support and even hostility surrounding them and particularly in view of the absence of any steady financing. Lack of support, financial and otherwise, is considered to be one of the major reasons for the shortcomings in the NGOs' pursuit of long-term strategies and for their feeble efforts in building up a public space where women's issues could be taken up. Aurora Liiceanu's article Rivalry and Solidarity. The Beginnings of Feminism in Romania outlines the development of the pre-war feminist movement in forms that were acknowledged by the civil society of the time. The article registers the pleasant surprise experienced by
a present day Romanian reader at finding a social and cultural movement which measures up to today's standards: feminist journals, public debates (many of which were organised at the Romanian Atheneum!), a lot of internationally connected organisations and associations making up a „network" which covered almost all of the country. We find out that in the post-war period the women's movement managed to have a strong impact upon the public opinion and brought about changes in the attitudes of large groups of people. Past feminists afforded the luxury of an iconoclasm that would nowadays create a public uproar. 148
Summary Their propaganda adopted a pungent polemic tone (invoking the image of a Savonarola or of an archangel coming to avenge the oppressed female sex) which present-day Romanian feminists could no longer employ without impunity. Maria Bucur's analysis Among Myths, Icons and Silence. Romanian Women in the World War I dampens the enthusiasm and optimism experienced at recuperating the beginnings of Romanian feminism. Discussing women's position during World War I, the article points out that in Romania, unlike in France or England, no organised attempt was made to involve women in the war efforts. They were just as marginalized and excluded during the war as they had previously been in time of peace. The article identifies a direct relationship between the failure to involve women in the war efforts and the refusal to grant them political rights (the right to vote) in the 1923 constitution. Maria Bucur counterpoises the general neglect of the majority of women to the glamourized figure of Queen Mary, without however disparaging the latter. What she attempts to do is to reconsider the terms in which Romanian historiography deals with women's position and participation in the public space at that time. The dialogue with the past thus includes a polemics with contemporary historians whose vision of our historical past indirectly discriminates against women. Adriana Băban’s article Women's Sexual Life: a Traumatising Experience in Socialist Romania indicates the scope of the trauma caused by Ceausescu’s pronatalist policy. Interviews taken to a representative batch of fifty
women in northern Transylvania provide staggering testimonies of the agony women went through. They help us become aware of the extent of state intrusion within women's intimate life, an intrusion which can rightfully be defined as a „state and party rape". Women's decision not to allow the government to acquire total control over their bodies and to preserve at least some traces of individual freedom could be viewed as an unacknowledged act of political resistance. At the same time the interviews reveal the overwhelming influence of traditional models and norms which enhanced women's traumatising experiences. For all the massive involvement of women in the public sphere, the relationships and roles assumed within the couple have not significantly changed for the past fifty years. As far as sexuality is concerned it is largely viewed as extrinsic to their female identity with sexual life being no more a mere aspect of marital duty or rather one more burden that women must carry. Against the background of the pronatalist policy women experienced their sexuality as a major source of anxiety and trauma. In her article My Son's Early Socialisation and Gender Formation, Laura Grünberg approaches the persistence of patriarchal stereotypes from a personal, autobio- 149
Rezumat graphical perspective. She discusses her own confrontations with tradition, the conflict between the positions and the knowledge she has acquired as a feminist thinker and the social and cultural reality that she has to face in everyday life. The winners of this confrontation seem to be the inherited cultural models, the established social roles which Laura Grünberg, the feminist, rejects, while Laura Grunberg, the mother, has to adopt in order to ensure the success of her son's educational process. This analysis complements Adriana Băban's article, identifying patriarchal cultural traditions and behavioural patterns in everyday private life situations. The paper highlights the way the traditional patterns underlying the constitution of gender and sexual identity are reproduced within schools and families. Laura Grüngberg emphasises the patriarchal habitus which determines women's inferior position starting with the early stages of their socialisation. The analyst does not place herself outside these domination relations, but tries to carve a space for critical reflection and autonomy from within this habitus. The effects of women's marginalization in the economic space are analysed in Gabriela Predoșan's article Female Labour Force on the Labour Market: Between Aspirations and Needs. Starting from recent data on women's employment in the Romanian economy, the article points out the higher unemployment rate among women as compared to men. This situation seems to have been determined not only by mechanisms of the transition period but also by women's inadequate,
though often higher qualification, by their lack of self-confidence and mobility. The article further indicates a tendency of discrimination against women in private businesses. This suggests the emergence of a neo-conservative climate similar to the one in the other East-European countries, where women are being encouraged to return to the private family space and take over their traditional occupations once again. In Romania the women most afflicted by this trend are those of age 20-30, whose high unemployment rate is caused by the companies' reluctance or inability to pay them maternal leave. Gabriela Predoșan stresses the women's decision to overcome these barriers and hold on to their economic and social positions and mentions the large number of small and medium-sized enterprises owned and/or administrated by women and employing a 60% female staff. Monica Lotreanu's article Information and Manipulation. About Woman's Image in the Post-Totalitarian Press in Romania concentrates on the visual strategies which produce women's marginalization in the mass media. The essay provides a quantitative analysis of two major daily newspapers and demonstrates the marginal place and insufficient space women occupy. This does not enable the public to form 150
Summary adequate opinions with respect to women's identity and the problems they are confronted with. Moreover newspapers provide the readers with globalizing and reductive images which ignore the diversity of categories and types of women. Monica Lotreanu concentrates on the degradation of women's position effected by means of the manipulation of representations of female body. Images of women's body are offered as comments on important political issues, be they the results of the elections or stages in Romania's admission to the European Community. They are employed as an easily decipherable text, where corruption, moral degradation, sordid and stupid inertia, rigidity or political frivolousness are inscribed in grotesque letters. The female body is thus presented as an iconic equivalent of all the evils of our society. Monica Lotreanu argues that these representations have a subliminal impact on the reader. At the level of the unconscious, the female body is projected as a kind of scapegoat, cumulating all the sins of post-revolutionary Romania. Mădălina Nicolaescu’s article The More Artificial, the More Feminine - The Impact of Western Feminine Models sets out to study the role of mass-media in modelling female identity. The article looks at the cultural interactions, the transfer of values and the negotiations which determine the process of reconstructing female identity in Romania. Starting from the observation that women's magazines almost ex clusively reproduce images of an ideal Western femininity, the article raises the following questions: can we talk about the
colonisation of Romanian women's magazines by Western mass-media? What changes are taking place in the social and cultural values as a result of the reader's wish to identify with the Western stars and top models that seem to have invaded our magazines? The article starts with the deconstruction of the opposition between subjectivity and corporeality, reason and desire, and investigates the process of cultural (re)construction .of female corporeality, of female desires and pleasures. The stress falls upon the constitution of a new normative corporeality under the impact of Western images. This corporeality is associated with a new orientation in female behaviour in the sense of a detachment from traditional patriarchal models. Mihaela Miroiu's article About Ordinary Schisms outlines the alternative, pro feminist project of surpassing the fundamental schisms that govern our perceptions of the world and of ourselves. Its „genealogical" principle introduces a feminist perspective in the reinterpretation of the myths of the Judaeo-Christian tradition. Re-reading these fundamental texts means for Mihaela Miroiu identifying „positive", unprejudiced attitudes towards woman in the texts, attitudes which were however ignored in the subsequent religious and social practices. Without denying the 151
Rezumat validity of the canonical text, the feminist interpretation opens the field of its significances and generates alternative visions. The purpose is to restore personal dignity to those who have been reduced to silence for such a long time. „This cannot be done - holds Mihaela Miroiu - by a merciful ruler, but within a process of re evaluating values, of reshaping them in less schismatic, or even antischismatic models". Bayerische Λ Staatsbibliothek I München y |
| adam_txt |
Cuprins Mădălina Nicolaescu Introducere: Teorie versus practică în sprijinirea femeilor . 7 Aurora Liiceanu Rivalitate și solidaritate: începuturile feminismului în România. 20 Maria Bucur între mituri, icoane și tăceri. Femeile române în primul război mondial . 40 Adriana Baban Viața sexuală a femeilor: o experiență traumatizantă în România socialistă . 51 Laura Grünberg Cei șapte ani de acasă ai băiatului meu . 69 Gabriela Predoșan Forța de muncă feminină pe piața muncii — între aspirații și nevoi . 76 Monica Lotreanu Informare sau manipulare: despre imaginea femeii în presa posttotalitară . 90 Mădălina Nicolaescu Cu cît mai artificială, cu atît mai feminină—impactul idealului de feminitate occidentală . 109 Mihaela Miroiu Despre schismele originare. 117 Summary . 148 (Rezumat în limba engleză)
SUMMARY The editor's Introduction - Theory versus Practice in Promoting Women's Cause sets out the major goals pursued in this collection of essays: to recover a section of Romanian women's historical past and discuss trends and problems in their present situation; to introduce feminist perspectives in approaching past and present feminine identity; to redefine the latter as a construction, constituted by a number of social, political, economic and cultural factors to make for the empowerment of women in their attempts to counter their marginalization in postcommunist Romania. The article includes a theoretical section discussing the need and relevance for feminist analyses and theory. This chapter is followed by a critical appraisal of the beginnings of a women's movement in Romania and of women's non governmental organisations. The latter are shown to have made significant pro gress, which is all the more remarkable in view of the suspicion, lack of support and even hostility surrounding them and particularly in view of the absence of any steady financing. Lack of support, financial and otherwise, is considered to be one of the major reasons for the shortcomings in the NGOs' pursuit of long-term strategies and for their feeble efforts in building up a public space where women's issues could be taken up. Aurora Liiceanu's article Rivalry and Solidarity. The Beginnings of Feminism in Romania outlines the development of the pre-war feminist movement in forms that were acknowledged by the civil society of the time. The article registers the pleasant surprise experienced by
a present day Romanian reader at finding a social and cultural movement which measures up to today's standards: feminist journals, public debates (many of which were organised at the Romanian Atheneum!), a lot of internationally connected organisations and associations making up a „network" which covered almost all of the country. We find out that in the post-war period the women's movement managed to have a strong impact upon the public opinion and brought about changes in the attitudes of large groups of people. Past feminists afforded the luxury of an iconoclasm that would nowadays create a public uproar. 148
Summary Their propaganda adopted a pungent polemic tone (invoking the image of a Savonarola or of an archangel coming to avenge the oppressed female sex) which present-day Romanian feminists could no longer employ without impunity. Maria Bucur's analysis Among Myths, Icons and Silence. Romanian Women in the World War I dampens the enthusiasm and optimism experienced at recuperating the beginnings of Romanian feminism. Discussing women's position during World War I, the article points out that in Romania, unlike in France or England, no organised attempt was made to involve women in the war efforts. They were just as marginalized and excluded during the war as they had previously been in time of peace. The article identifies a direct relationship between the failure to involve women in the war efforts and the refusal to grant them political rights (the right to vote) in the 1923 constitution. Maria Bucur counterpoises the general neglect of the majority of women to the glamourized figure of Queen Mary, without however disparaging the latter. What she attempts to do is to reconsider the terms in which Romanian historiography deals with women's position and participation in the public space at that time. The dialogue with the past thus includes a polemics with contemporary historians whose vision of our historical past indirectly discriminates against women. Adriana Băban’s article Women's Sexual Life: a Traumatising Experience in Socialist Romania indicates the scope of the trauma caused by Ceausescu’s pronatalist policy. Interviews taken to a representative batch of fifty
women in northern Transylvania provide staggering testimonies of the agony women went through. They help us become aware of the extent of state intrusion within women's intimate life, an intrusion which can rightfully be defined as a „state and party rape". Women's decision not to allow the government to acquire total control over their bodies and to preserve at least some traces of individual freedom could be viewed as an unacknowledged act of political resistance. At the same time the interviews reveal the overwhelming influence of traditional models and norms which enhanced women's traumatising experiences. For all the massive involvement of women in the public sphere, the relationships and roles assumed within the couple have not significantly changed for the past fifty years. As far as sexuality is concerned it is largely viewed as extrinsic to their female identity with sexual life being no more a mere aspect of marital duty or rather one more burden that women must carry. Against the background of the pronatalist policy women experienced their sexuality as a major source of anxiety and trauma. In her article My Son's Early Socialisation and Gender Formation, Laura Grünberg approaches the persistence of patriarchal stereotypes from a personal, autobio- 149
Rezumat graphical perspective. She discusses her own confrontations with tradition, the conflict between the positions and the knowledge she has acquired as a feminist thinker and the social and cultural reality that she has to face in everyday life. The winners of this confrontation seem to be the inherited cultural models, the established social roles which Laura Grünberg, the feminist, rejects, while Laura Grunberg, the mother, has to adopt in order to ensure the success of her son's educational process. This analysis complements Adriana Băban's article, identifying patriarchal cultural traditions and behavioural patterns in everyday private life situations. The paper highlights the way the traditional patterns underlying the constitution of gender and sexual identity are reproduced within schools and families. Laura Grüngberg emphasises the patriarchal habitus which determines women's inferior position starting with the early stages of their socialisation. The analyst does not place herself outside these domination relations, but tries to carve a space for critical reflection and autonomy from within this habitus. The effects of women's marginalization in the economic space are analysed in Gabriela Predoșan's article Female Labour Force on the Labour Market: Between Aspirations and Needs. Starting from recent data on women's employment in the Romanian economy, the article points out the higher unemployment rate among women as compared to men. This situation seems to have been determined not only by mechanisms of the transition period but also by women's inadequate,
though often higher qualification, by their lack of self-confidence and mobility. The article further indicates a tendency of discrimination against women in private businesses. This suggests the emergence of a neo-conservative climate similar to the one in the other East-European countries, where women are being encouraged to return to the private family space and take over their traditional occupations once again. In Romania the women most afflicted by this trend are those of age 20-30, whose high unemployment rate is caused by the companies' reluctance or inability to pay them maternal leave. Gabriela Predoșan stresses the women's decision to overcome these barriers and hold on to their economic and social positions and mentions the large number of small and medium-sized enterprises owned and/or administrated by women and employing a 60% female staff. Monica Lotreanu's article Information and Manipulation. About Woman's Image in the Post-Totalitarian Press in Romania concentrates on the visual strategies which produce women's marginalization in the mass media. The essay provides a quantitative analysis of two major daily newspapers and demonstrates the marginal place and insufficient space women occupy. This does not enable the public to form 150
Summary adequate opinions with respect to women's identity and the problems they are confronted with. Moreover newspapers provide the readers with globalizing and reductive images which ignore the diversity of categories and types of women. Monica Lotreanu concentrates on the degradation of women's position effected by means of the manipulation of representations of female body. Images of women's body are offered as comments on important political issues, be they the results of the elections or stages in Romania's admission to the European Community. They are employed as an easily decipherable text, where corruption, moral degradation, sordid and stupid inertia, rigidity or political frivolousness are inscribed in grotesque letters. The female body is thus presented as an iconic equivalent of all the evils of our society. Monica Lotreanu argues that these representations have a subliminal impact on the reader. At the level of the unconscious, the female body is projected as a kind of scapegoat, cumulating all the sins of post-revolutionary Romania. Mădălina Nicolaescu’s article The More Artificial, the More Feminine - The Impact of Western Feminine Models sets out to study the role of mass-media in modelling female identity. The article looks at the cultural interactions, the transfer of values and the negotiations which determine the process of reconstructing female identity in Romania. Starting from the observation that women's magazines almost ex clusively reproduce images of an ideal Western femininity, the article raises the following questions: can we talk about the
colonisation of Romanian women's magazines by Western mass-media? What changes are taking place in the social and cultural values as a result of the reader's wish to identify with the Western stars and top models that seem to have invaded our magazines? The article starts with the deconstruction of the opposition between subjectivity and corporeality, reason and desire, and investigates the process of cultural (re)construction .of female corporeality, of female desires and pleasures. The stress falls upon the constitution of a new normative corporeality under the impact of Western images. This corporeality is associated with a new orientation in female behaviour in the sense of a detachment from traditional patriarchal models. Mihaela Miroiu's article About Ordinary Schisms outlines the alternative, pro feminist project of surpassing the fundamental schisms that govern our perceptions of the world and of ourselves. Its „genealogical" principle introduces a feminist perspective in the reinterpretation of the myths of the Judaeo-Christian tradition. Re-reading these fundamental texts means for Mihaela Miroiu identifying „positive", unprejudiced attitudes towards woman in the texts, attitudes which were however ignored in the subsequent religious and social practices. Without denying the 151
Rezumat validity of the canonical text, the feminist interpretation opens the field of its significances and generates alternative visions. The purpose is to restore personal dignity to those who have been reduced to silence for such a long time. „This cannot be done - holds Mihaela Miroiu - by a merciful ruler, but within a process of re evaluating values, of reshaping them in less schismatic, or even antischismatic models". Bayerische Λ Staatsbibliothek I München y |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Rumänien |
| id | DE-604.BV049103943 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:33:25Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T04:35:11Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9739053246 |
| language | Romanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034365419 |
| oclc_num | 1429570814 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 151 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20240327 |
| publishDate | 1996 |
| publishDateSearch | 1996 |
| publishDateSort | 1996 |
| publisher | Editura Anima |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Cine suntem noi? despre identitatea femeilor din România modernă coordonator: Mădălina Nicolaescu Bucureşti Editura Anima 1996 151 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Soziale Situation (DE-588)4077575-6 gnd rswk-swf Feminismus (DE-588)4222126-2 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftliche Lage (DE-588)4248362-1 gnd rswk-swf Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 g Feminismus (DE-588)4222126-2 s Geschichte z DE-604 Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 s Soziale Situation (DE-588)4077575-6 s Wirtschaftliche Lage (DE-588)4248362-1 s Nicolaescu, Mădălina (DE-588)1137061278 edt Băban, Adriana ca. 20./21. Jh. (DE-588)1324589094 aut Bucur, Maria 1968- (DE-588)140209263 aut Grünberg, Laura 1961- (DE-588)1128651890 aut Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034365419&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034365419&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Băban, Adriana ca. 20./21. Jh Bucur, Maria 1968- Grünberg, Laura 1961- Cine suntem noi? despre identitatea femeilor din România modernă Soziale Situation (DE-588)4077575-6 gnd Feminismus (DE-588)4222126-2 gnd Wirtschaftliche Lage (DE-588)4248362-1 gnd Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4077575-6 (DE-588)4222126-2 (DE-588)4248362-1 (DE-588)4018202-2 (DE-588)4050939-4 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Cine suntem noi? despre identitatea femeilor din România modernă |
| title_auth | Cine suntem noi? despre identitatea femeilor din România modernă |
| title_exact_search | Cine suntem noi? despre identitatea femeilor din România modernă |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Cine suntem noi? despre identitatea femeilor din România modernă |
| title_full | Cine suntem noi? despre identitatea femeilor din România modernă coordonator: Mădălina Nicolaescu |
| title_fullStr | Cine suntem noi? despre identitatea femeilor din România modernă coordonator: Mădălina Nicolaescu |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cine suntem noi? despre identitatea femeilor din România modernă coordonator: Mădălina Nicolaescu |
| title_short | Cine suntem noi? |
| title_sort | cine suntem noi despre identitatea femeilor din romania moderna |
| title_sub | despre identitatea femeilor din România modernă |
| topic | Soziale Situation (DE-588)4077575-6 gnd Feminismus (DE-588)4222126-2 gnd Wirtschaftliche Lage (DE-588)4248362-1 gnd Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Soziale Situation Feminismus Wirtschaftliche Lage Frau Rumänien Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034365419&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034365419&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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