A grammar of Mian:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin; Boston, Mass.
<<De>> Gruyter
[2011]
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Mouton grammar library
55 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 604 Seiten graph. Darst., Kt. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783110264180 9783110266610 311026661X |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A grammar of Mian |c by Sebastian Fedden |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin; Boston, Mass. |b <<De>> Gruyter |c [2011] | |
| 300 | |a XXV, 604 Seiten |b graph. Darst., Kt. |c 25 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Mouton grammar library |v 55 | |
| 502 | |a Zugl. überarb. Fassung von: Melbourne, Univ., Diss., 2007 | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | IMAGE 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABBREVIATIONS
1 THE LANGUAGE AND ITS SPEAKERS 1.0 1.1 1.2
1.2.1 1.2.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6.1
1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.7 1.7.1 1.7.2
INTRODUCTION MIAN WENG: THE MIAN LANGUAGE THE OK LANGUAGES THE OK
LANGUAGES AS A FAMILY
PREVIOUS LINGUISTIC RESEARCH ON THE OK LANGUAGES TYPOLOGICAL PROFILE
NOTE ON THE REVISED VERSION FIELDWORK AND CONSULTANTS THE MIANTEN: THE
MIANMIN PEOPLE
LANDSCAPE AND CLIMATE MIANMIN SETTLEMENTS FOOD PREPARATION
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION NOTES ON EXAMPLES AND THE ORTHOGRAPHY EXAMPLES
ORTHOGRAPHY IN THE EXAMPLES
2 PHONOLOGY
2.0 2. 2.
2. 2. 2. 2.
2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2.
1.1
.1 .2 .3 .4
.5
1.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3
..UE $.4
INTRODUCTION CONSONANTS PHONETIC DESCRIPTION AND ALLOPHONIC DISTRIBUTION
OFCONSONANTS
STOPS NASALS FRICATIVES THE LATERAL GLIDE /I/
SEMIVOWELS MINIMAL PAIRS FOR CONSONANTS REGULAR PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES
FOR CONSONANTS FINAL DEVOICING
ASPIRATION AND WITHHELD RELEASE WORD-FINAL FREE VARIATION OF [P H ],
[P ], [FJ, AND [ J ] INTERVOCALIC LENITION OF/B/ AND FK/
V
XXIII
1 1 2 4 4
5 6
10 11 12 12
13 15 16 16 16
17
19 19 20
20 20 21
22 22 23 24
25 25 25 26
26
BIBLIOGRAFISCHE INFORMATIONEN HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1017048789
DIGITALISIERT DURCH
IMAGE 2
X TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.1.3.5 HOMORGANIC NASAL ASSIMILATION 27
2.1.3.6 OPTIONAL SCHWA-INSERTION INTO CONSONANT CLUSTERS 27 2.1.4
ASSIMILATION WITH FOLLOWING ALVEOLAR NASAL /N/ 28
2.2 VOWELS 28
2.2.1 PHONETIC DESCRIPTION AND ALLOPHONIC DISTRIBUTION OF VOWELS 29
2.2.2 MINIMAL AND NEAR-MINIMAL PAIRS FOR MIAN VOWELS 30 2.3 VOWEL LENGTH
31
2.4 PHARYNGEALIZATION 35
2.4.1 CONTRASTS INVOLVING PHARYNGEALIZATION 35
2.4.2 CREAKY VOICE ACCOMPANYING PHARYNGEALIZED /AV 37 2.4.3
PHARYNGEALIZED /AV AND WORD ACCENT 37
2.5 PHONOLOGICALLY CONDITIONED ALLOMORPHY 38
2.5.1 THE EXISTENTIAL VERB BI 38
2.5.2 THE VERB -LO HIT, KILL 38
2.5.3 THE ARTICLE =/ ANIMATE PLURAL 38
2.5.4 THE SUBJECT SUFFIXES -I 1 SG.SBJ AND -IB(O) 2/3PL.AN.SBJ 39
2.5.5 THE SUBJECT SUFFIX -O 3SG.F.SBJ 39
2.5.6 -BIO GENERAL PAST 39
2.5.7 -SO HESTERNAL PAST 40
2.5.8 =A QUESTION AND =E (CONTENT) QUESTION 40
2.6 PHONOTACTICS 40
2.6.1 SYLLABLE STRUCTURE 40
2.6.2 SYLLABLE-INITIAL CONSONANT CLUSTERS 42
2.6.3 HETEROSYLLABIC CONSONANT CLUSTERS 43
2.6.4 VOWEL CLUSTERS 43
2.7 VOWEL HARMONY 44
2.7.1 IN CLASSIFICATORY PREFIXES 45
2.7.2 IN THE MODAL SUFFIX /VM/ DEONTIC 45
2.7.3 IN THE BOUND PRONOUNS OF THE ALONE -SERIES 46
2.8 TONE 46
2.8.1 INTRODUCTION 47
2.8.2 TONAL PHONOLOGY OF NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES 49
2.8.2.1 TONE ASSOCIATION IN MONOSYLLABLES 51
2.8.2.2 TONE ASSOCIATION IN DISYLLABLES 55
2.8.2.3 NOMINALS WITH THE ACCENT ON THE FIRST SYLLABLE 59
2.8.2.4 TONE ASSOCIATION IN TRISYLLABLES 60
2.8.3 EXPANDING THE TONAL DOMAIN 62
2.8.3.1 TONE IN NON-VERBAL PREDICATIONS 62
2.8.3.2 CLITICIZATION OF THE ARTICLE 66
2.8.3.3 TONE IN NOUN-NOUN COMPOUNDS 68
IMAGE 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS XI
2.8.3.4 CONTOUR DELINKING ACROSS WORD BOUNDARIES 71
2.8.4 TONAL PHONOLOGY OF THE VERB 72
2.8.4.1 ACCENT AND TONAL MELODIES 73
2.8.4.2 UNACCENTED VERBS 74
2.8.4.3 STEM ACCENTED VERBS 75
2.8.4.4 OFF-STEM ACCENTED VERBS 77
2.8.4.5 THE INHERENTLY ACCENTED IRREALIS SUFFIXES 79
2.8.4.6 TONE OF -UEB - GIVE AND OF COMPOUNDS WITH -WE - GIVE 80
2.8.5 HIGH TONE IN FORMS OF THE NON-HODIERNAL PAST 82
2.8.6 HIGH TONE ON THE STEM OF THE VERB GE/GEN BUILD, ROLL, FASTEN 82
2.8.7 THE LH MELODY IN LEXICAL REDUPLICATIONS 82
2.8.8 TONE AND SYLLABLE PROMINENCE 83
2.9 ORTHOGRAPHY 83
WORD CLASSES 85
3.0 INTRODUCTION 85
3.1 NOUNS 85
3.1.1 PROPERTIES COMMON TO ALL NOUNS 86
3.1.2 COMPOUND NOUNS 87
3.1.3 ADDITIVE CO-COMPOUNDS 91
3.1.4 NOUN-TO-VERB DERIVATION 91
3.1.5 NOUN-TO-ADVERB/ADJECTIVE DERIVATION 92
3.1.6 ADJECTIVE-TO-NOUN DERIVATION 93
3.1.7 PROPER NAMES AND KIN NOUNS 94
3.1.8 DYADS 95
3.1.8.1 DUM FATHER AND CHILD AND HAT MOTHER AND CHILD 97 3.1.8.2
MIKIM SIBLINGS OF OPPOSITE SEX AND DAB SIBLINGS OF SAME SEX 98
3.1.8.3 KAM (MARRIED) COUPLE 98
3.1.9 TEMPORAL NOUNS AND NOUN PHRASES 99
3.1.10 VERBAL NOUNS 100
3.2 VERBS 101
3.2.1 NOTATION CONVENTIONS FOR VERBS 105
3.2.2 VERB COMPOUNDS 105
3.2.3 DENOMINAL AND DEADJECTIVAL VERBS DERIVED WITH -AN 108
3.2.4 FUNCTION VERBS 109
3.3 ARTICLES 109
3.3.1 THE PRONOMINAL ARTICLE AND REFERENTIALITY 109
IMAGE 4
XII TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.3.2 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7.1
3.7.2 3.7.3 3.7.4 3.7.5 3.7.6 3.7.7 3.7.8 3.7.9 3.7.10 3.7.11 3.7.12
3.8 3.8.1 3.9
3.10 3.11 3.11.1 3.11.2 3.11.3 3.11.4 3.11.5 3.11.6
3.12 3.12.1 3.12.2
3.12.3 3.12.4 3.12.5 3.13 3.13.1
3.13.2 3.13.3 3.13.4 3.13.5
3.13.6
THE COLLECTIVE ARTICLE =O ADJECTIVES PRENOMINAL MODIFIERS ADVERBS
PRONOUNS THE FREE PRONOUN SERIES POSSESSIVE PRONOUN SERIES THE BOUND
PRONOUN SERIES
EMPHATIC PRONOUNS THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS WITH NOMINAL FUNCTION THE
NEGATIVE PRONOUN SUFFIX -KOB THE FREE ALONE -SERIES
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS DEMONSTRATIVES SYNOPSIS OF PRONOUNS INTERROGATIVES
NOTE ON INDEFINITES
DIRECTIONALS DEMONSTRATIVE DIRECTIONALS POSTPOSITIONS QUANTIFIERS
CONJUNCTIONS AND SUBORDINATORS EKA AND BLEKA OR OTANE BUT KESOA
BECAUSE, SINCE BITA UNTIL MOLE IF IDEOPHONES WITH FUNCTION VERB
GE/GA SAY WITH FUNCTION VERB GE/GA SAY OR EXISTENTIAL VERB N/BL~BI
WITH MOTION VERBS WITH FUNCTION VERB GE/GA SAY OR MOTION VERB WITH A
SEMANTICALLY MORE SPECIFIC VERB CLITICS AND PARTICLES ILLOCUTIONARY
FORCE CLITICS MEDIAL VERB CLITICS THE NEGATIVE CLITIC =BA THE NEGATIVE
CLITIC =MO THE INTERROGATIVE CLITIC =MOE THE TOPIC CLITIC -LE
113 114 121 121 124 124
126 128 130 132
133 134 134 136 138
139 139 140
142 143 144 149 149 150 150 151 152 152 153 154
155 156 156 156 157
157 158 158 159 160 160
IMAGE 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS XIII
3.13.7 3.13.8 3.14 3.14.1 3.14.2 3.14.3
GENDER 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.1.1 4.2.1.2 4.2.2 4.2.2.1 4.2.2.2 4.3 4.4
4.5 4.6 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.7
THE NOUN PHRASE MODIFIER =SA TOO INTERJECTIONS AND FORMULAIC
UTTERANCES GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS SUBJECT OBJECT DITRANSITIVES
INTRODUCTION AGREEMENT ON THE ARTICLE GENDER ASSIGNMENT NOUNS REFERRING
TO ANIMATES
NOUNS OF MASCULINE GENDER REFERRING TO HUMANS NOUNS OF FEMININE GENDER
REFERRING TO HUMANS NOUNS REFERRING TO INANIMATES
NOUNS OF NEUTER 1 GENDER NOUNS OF NEUTER 2 GENDER CROSS-CLASSIFICATION
GENDER ASSIGNMENT OF TOK PISIN LOANS
SUMMARY OF THE AGREEMENT PATTERNS ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE GENDER
SYSTEM TWO GENDERS: ONLY MASCULINE AND FEMININE
POLARITY EVALUATION
CLASSIFICATORY VERB PREFIXES 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5
5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9
5.1 5.10.1 5.10.2
INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATORY PREFIXES THE M-CLASS: DOB-/DOL- THE F-CLASS:
OM-/DOL- THE LONG CLASS: TOB-/TEBEL-
THE BUNDLE CLASS: GOL-/GULEL- THE COVERING CLASS: GAM-/GEMEL- THE
RESIDUE CLASS: OB-LOL- VERBS WITH OBLIGATORY CLASSIFICATORY PREFIX
GENDER SYSTEM VS. CLASSIFICATION BY PREFIX RECLASSIFICATION PLURALS OF
INANIMATE NOUNS OF NEUTER 1 GENDER USE OF FEMININE SINGULAR OM- FOR
BROKEN AND
161 162 163 163 164 167
169 169 169
171 171 173 173 174
174 175 176 177
178 179 179 181
183
185 185 185 189 190 192
192 193 193 194
195 197 200
HALF OBJECTS 200
IMAGE 6
XIV TABLE OF CONTENTS
6 THE NOUN PHRASE 203
6.0 INTRODUCTION 203
6.1 PRONOUNS AS NOUN PHRASES 204
6.2 MINIMAL NOUN PHRASES 205
6.2.1 BARE NOUNS 205
6.2.2 ARTICLES AS NOUN PHRASE DETERMINERS 205
6.2.3 EMPHATIC PRONOUNS AS NOUN PHRASE DETERMINERS 207 6.3 MODIFIED NOUN
PHRASES 208
6.3.1 ADJECTIVAL MODIFIERS 208
6.3.2 MAK CERTAIN, (AN)OTHER 210
6.3.3 PRENOMINAL MODIFIERS 210
6.3.4 REDUPLICATED ADJECTIVES 211
6.3.5 QUANTIFIERS 211
6.3.6 THE INTENSIFIES DOT VERY , WEKIB VERY , AND KLA REALLY 213
6.3.7 DEMONSTRATIVES IN THE NOUN PHRASE 214
6.3.8 RELATIVE CLAUSES 215
6.4 ATTRIBUTIVE POSSESSION 216
6.5 TAXONOMIC TERMS 220
6.6 DYADIC TERMS 223
6.7 NOUN PHRASE COORDINATION 225
6.8 NOUN PHRASE APPOSITION 228
6.9 NOUN PHRASE TOPICALIZATION 229
6.10 FOCUSED NOUN PHRASES 231
THE POSTPOSITIONAL PHRASE 233
7.0 INTRODUCTION 233
7.1 SIMPLE SPATIAL POSTPOSITIONAL PHRASES WITH A DIRECTIONAL 234
7.2 SIMPLE SPATIAL POSTPOSITIONAL PHRASES WITH A NOMINAL POSTPOSITION
236
7.3 POSTPOSITIONAL PHRASES WITH COMPLEX POSTPOSITIONS 239 7.4 NOUNS IN
COMPLEX POSTPOSITIONS 240
7.5 TEMPORAL POSTPOSITIONAL PHRASES 242
VERB MORPHOLOGY 243
8.0 INTRODUCTION 243
8.1 CLASSIFICATION OF VERBS 244
8.2 NOTATION CONVENTIONS FOR VERBS 244
8.3 PERFECTIVE AND IMPERFECTIVE VERB STEMS 245
IMAGE 7
TABLE OF CONTENTS XV
8.3.1 8.3.1.1 8.3.1.2 8.3.1.3 8.3.2 8.3.2.1 8.3.2.2 8.3.3 8.3.4 8.4 8.5
8.5.1 8.5.2 8.5.3 8.5.4 8.5.4.1
8.5.4.2
8.5.5 8.5.5.1 8.5.5.2
8.5.5.3 8.5.5.4 8.5.5.5
8.5.5.6 8.6 8.6.1 8.6.1.1 8.6.1.2 8.6.1.3 8.6.1.4 8.6.1.5 8.6.1.6
8.6.1.7 8.6.1.8 8.6.1.9 8.6.2 8.6.2.1 8.6.2.2 8.6.3 8.6.4
BIASPECTUAL VERBS: STEM ALTERNATION SUFFIXATION APOPHONY SUPPLETION
IRREGULAR ASPECTUAL STEM ALTERNATION
TL~TE/TLE~TE COME UN-~ON/UNE GO TRANS-ASPECTUAL VERBS DEFECTIVE
VERBS
CONJUGATION CLASSES ARGUMENT MARKING PRONOMINAL AFFIXES
SUBJECT SUFFIX OBJECT PREFIX (ACCUSATIVE ALIGNMENT) OBJECT (OR SUBJECT)
PREFIX (ABSOLUTIVE ALIGNMENT) CLASSIFICATORY PREFIXES
STEM APOPHONY IN PERFECTIVE CUT AND BREAK - VERBS OBJECT SUFFIX
(INDIRECTIVE ALIGNMENT) THE ZERO ROOT TRANSFER
COMPOUNDS WITH -UEB - GIVE (PFV) IN THE PERFECTIVE RECIPIENT MARKING
IN THE IMPERFECTIVE
SEMANTIC SPECTRUM OF THE SUFFIXED OBJECT VERBS WITH OBLIGATORY OBJECT
SUFFIX VERBS WHICH NEVER HAVE AN OBJECT SUFFIX TAM MORPHOLOGY OF FINAL
VERBS TAM MARKERS (PRE-SUBJECT SLOT)
-NAB NEAR PAST -B H NON-HODIERNAL PAST -S REMOTE PAST -B
IMPERFECTIVE -/ IMPERFECTIVE
-M INCHOATIVE IMPERFECTIVE -N ~ -0 REALIS -(A)MAB ~ -AAMAB AND -OMAB
IRREALIS -AA(M) DEONTIC IN C-STEMS TENSE MARKERS (POST-SUBJECT SLOT)
-BIO GENERAL PAST -SO HESTERNAL PAST PERFECTIVE STEMS SERIALIZED
WITH NA DO A NOTE ON THE VERB -EB TAKE
247 247 250 251
251 251 253
254 255 258 260
260 262 265 267
267
268 269 271
273 277 278 282
282 282 283 284
284 286 287 288 288
290 292 295
295 296 297 298
299
IMAGE 8
XVI TABLE OF CONTENTS
8.6.5 8.6.6 8.6.7 8.6.7.1 8.6.7.2 8.6.7.3 8.6.7.4
8.6.7.5
8.6.7.6 8.6.8 8.6.8.1 8.6.8.2 8.6.8.3 8.6.9 8.7 8.7.1 8.7.1.1 8.7.1.
8.7.1.3 8.7.2 8.7.2.1 8.7.2.2 8.7.2.3 8.7.2.4 8.7.2.5 8.7.2.6 8.8 8.9
8.9.1 8.9.2 8.10 8.11
INFLECTION OF THE EXISTENTIAL VERB NEGATION (WITH THE EXISTENTIAL VERB)
AUXILIARY-SERIALIZED VERBS AUXILIARY-SERIALIZATION WITH IMPERFECTIVE
STEMS
HABITUAL FORMS AUXILIARY-SERIALIZATION WITH PERFECTIVE STEMS
AUXILIARY-SERIALIZED IRREALIS FORMS OF PERFECTIVE STEMS
AUXILIARY-SERIALIZED VERB FORMS PLUS -VM
DEONTIC PROHIBITIVE HORTATIVE PERFECTIVE HORTATIVES IMPERFECTIVE
HORTATIVES
STEM CHANGE IN HORTATIVE FORMS IMPERATIVE NON-FINITE VERB FORMS M-FORMS
PERFECTIVE M-FORMS IMPERFECTIVE M-FORMS IMPERFECTIVE M-FORMS OF N-STEMS
VERBAL NOUNS PERFECTIVE VERBAL NOUNS IMPERFECTIVE VERBAL NOUNS
IMPERFECTIVE VERBAL NOUNS OF N-STEMS THE VERBAL NOUN OF BASIC MOTION
VERBS THE VERBAL NOUN OF THE FUNCTION VERBS THE VERBAL NOUN OF THE
EXISTENTIAL VERB
ITERATIVES FUNCTION VERB CONSTRUCTIONS WITH GE/GA SAY WITH KE DO
NOUN-VERB IDIOMS
THE IMMEDIATE ACTION CONSTRUCTION
299 302 303 304
305 306
308
309 310 311 311 312
313 314 315
315 315 315 316 316 318 318
319 320 320 321
321 323 323 324 327 328
ARGUMENT STRUCTURE AND THE SYNTAX OF THE CLAUSE 331
9.0 INTRODUCTION 331
9.1 INTRANSITIVES 332
9.1.1 MOTION VERBS 333
9.1.2 DIRECTLY INFLECTED DIRECTIONALS AS INTRANSITIVES VERBS 336
IMAGE 9
TABLE OF CONTENTS XVII
9.1.3 9.1.4 9.1.5 9.1.6 9.1.7 9.2 9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
9.2.4 9.3 9.4 9.4.1 9.4.2 9.5
9.6 9.6. 9.6.2 9.6.2.1 9.6.2.2 9.6.2.3
9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.10.1 9.10.2 9.10.3 9.10.4 9.10.5 9.10.6 9.10.7 9.10.8
9.11 9.11.1 9.11.2 9.11.3 9.11.4
LOCATIVE ADJUNCTS NOUN PHRASES AS LOCATIVE ADJUNCTS CLASSIFICATORY
PREFIXES IN INTRANSITIVE VERBS
DENOMINAL AND DEADJECTIVAL INCHOATIVE VERBS UNDERIVABLE INTRANSITIVES
TRANSITIVES TRANSITIVES WITH CLASSIFICATORY PREFIX (ABSOLUTIVE
ALIGNMENT) TRANSITIVES WITH OBJECT PREFIX (ACCUSATIVE ALIGNMENT)
TRANSITIVES WITH OBJECT SUFFIX (INDIRECTIVE ALIGMENT) TRANSITIVES
WITHOUT OBJECT AFFIX AMBITRANSITIVES
DERIVED TRANSITIVES PRODUCTIVE DERIVATION OF TRANSITIVES IDIOSYNCRATIC
DERIVATION DITRANSITIVES
DERIVED DITRANSITIVES PRODUCTIVE DERIVATION OF DITRANSITIVES
IDIOSYNCRATIC DERIVATION OF DITRANSITIVES -0 - GIVE (PFV) FROM -0
TAKE (PFV) -KA- GIVE (IPFV) FROM -KA PUT (IPFV) DEI- -/- LEAVE
STH FOR SB (PFV) FROM DEI-/-
LEAVE SB/STH (PFV) POSSESSOR RAISING IMPERSONAL VERBS
REFLEXIVIZATION CONSTITUENT ORDER ARGUMENT ORDER IN TRANSITIVE CLAUSES
ARGUMENT ORDER IN DITRANSITIVE CLAUSES
POSITION OF NON-ARGUMENTS POSITION OF ADVERBS POSITION OF POSTPOSITIONAL
ADJUNCTS POSITION OF NOMINAL ADJUNCTS POSITION OF TEMPORAL NOUNS
POSITION OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES NON-VERBAL CLAUSES
IDENTITY PROPERTY POSSESSION NEGATION IN NON-VERBAL CLAUSES
337 337 338 339
339 340
340
341
342 344 346 348 349 350 351 353
353 355 355 355
356 357 359 359
362 362 364 366
367 368 369 369 370
371 372 373 374
374
IMAGE 10
XVIII TABLE OF CONTENTS
9.12 RECIPROCAL CONSTRUCTIONS 375
9.12.1 THE BARE RECIPROCAL CONSTRUCTION 376
9.12.2 THESES-CONSTRUCTION 376
9.12.3 THE MORPHOLOGICAL STATUS OF -SESE 378
9.12.4 A VARIANT OF THE SESE-CONSTRUCTION 379
9.12.5 RECIPROCALS IN THE IMPERFECTIVE 381
9.13 A NOTE ON CAUSATIVES 381
10 QUESTION FORMATION 385
10.0 INTRODUCTION 385
10.1 POLAR QUESTIONS 385
10.1.1 POLAR QUESTIONS WITH THE INTERROGATIVE CLITIC =A 386 10.1.2 POLAR
QUESTIONS WITH BLEKA OR AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE 389
10.1.3 ALTERNATIVE QUESTIONS WITH BLEKA OR 389
10.2 CONTENT QUESTIONS 390
10.2.1 THE INTERROGATIVE WORD FAB 391
10.2.2 FAB WHERE? 392
10.2.3 FATNA- DO WHAT? 394
10.2.4 THE VERBAL NOUN FATNAMIN WHAT 396
10.2.5 FATNAMIN WITH DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES 397
10.2.6 FATNAMIN PLUS THE NOMINAL POSTPOSITION DIM ON 398 10.2.7 THE
INTERROGATIVE WORD WAN 398
10.2.8 IS WAN AN INTERROGATIVE VERB? 402
10.3 TOPIC-ONLY QUESTIONS 402
11 CHAINING CONSTRUCTIONS 405
11.0 INTRODUCTION 405
11.1 SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTIONS 405
11.1.1 CORE-LEVEL SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTIONS 406
11.1.1.1 SERIALIZATION OF INTRANSITIVE VERBS 406
11.1.1.2 SERIALIZATION OF A TRANSITIVE AND AN INTRANSITIVE VERB 407
11.1.1.3 SERIALIZATION OF TRANSITIVE VERBS AND ARGUMENT SHARING 408
.1.1.4 AUXILIARY-SERIALIZED STEMS INSIDE A CORE SVC 411 .1.1.5
DIRECTIONALS INSIDE A CORE SVC 411
.1.2 NUCLEAR SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTIONS 412
.1.3 VERB SERIALIZATION VERSUS COMPOUNDING (SYNOPSIS) 414 . 1.4 THE
MORPHOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE AUXILIARY 416
IMAGE 11
TABLE OF CONTENTS XIX
11.1.5 CAUSATIVE SERIALIZATION 418
11.1.6 PURPOSIVE SERIALIZATION 419
11.2 MEDIAL VERB MORPHOLOGY AND CLAUSE CHAINING 421 11.2.1 INTRODUCTION
AND TERMINOLOGY 421
11.2.2 MEDIAL VERSUS FINAL VERBS 422
11.2.3 SWITCH REFERENCE MORPHOLOGY IN DIRECTLY INFLECTED VERBS 424
11.2.3.1 UNUSUAL BEHAVIOUR OF -W (SS.)SEQ 426
11.2.3.2 -E DS.SIM 427
.2.3.3 THE DS SEQUENTIAL MARKERS AND -0 AND -S 429
11.2.3.4 -M INCHOATIVE IMPERFECTIVE PLUS -S DS.SEQ 431 11.2.3.5 -NAB
DS.SEQ.SHORT INTERVAL 431
.2.4 THE EXISTENTIAL VERB N/BI~BL AS A MEDIAL VERB 432
.2.5 AUXILIARY-SERIALIZATION IN MEDIAL VERBS 433
.2.5.1 -BI IMPERFECTIVE AUXILIARY 433
.2.5.2 -BI R IMPERFECTIVE AUXILIARY PLUS -0 DS.SIM 435 .2.5.3 -BIAAN
IMPERFECTIVE SS.SIM AUXILIARY 435
.2.5.4 IMPERFECTIVE AUXILIARIES AND PERFECTIVE STEMS 437 .2.6
COMPLICATIONS IN THE MIAN S/R SYSTEM 438
.2.6.1 INCONSISTENCIES IN S/R MARKING 438
.2.6.2 ACCOUNTING FOR THE INCONSISTENCIES IN S/R MARKING 445 .2.7 TENSE
MARKING IN MEDIAL VERBS 448
.2.8 TENSE MARKING WITH -BIO GENERAL PAST IN MEDIAL VERBS 450
.2.9 TENSE MARKING WITH -SO HESTERNAL PAST IN MEDIAL VERBS 453
.2.10 POSTPOSED LOCATIVE ADJUNCTS 456
.2.11 REFERENTIAL OVERLAP 457
.2.12 REPETITION, REPAIR AND ELABORATION IN CLAUSE CHAINS 461 .2.13
SHORTENED MEDIAL CLAUSES 464
.3 TOPICALIZED MEDIAL CLAUSES 465
.4 TAIL-HEAD LINKAGE 466
.5 MEDIAL VERBS IN UTTERANCE-FINAL POSITION 467
.6 NON-VERBAL CLAUSES IN CLAUSE CHAINS 469
12 OPERATOR SCOPE IN CLAUSE CHAINING CONSTRUCTIONS 12.0 12.1 12.2
12.3 12.3.1
INTRODUCTION LLLOCUTIONARY FORCE POLARITY TENSE
PRE-SUBJECT SLOT TENSE SUFFIXES
471 471 472 475 476 477
IMAGE 12
XX TABLE OF CONTENTS
12.3.2 POST-SUBJECT SLOT TENSE SUFFIXES 477
12.4 MOOD 479
12.4.1 -N ~ -0 REALIS 479
12.4.2 -(A)MAB/-OMAB IRREALIS 480
12.4.3 -(V)M DEONTIC 481
12.5 ASPECT 482
12.5.1 SCOPE OF HABITUAL MARKING 483
13 EMBEDDING 485
13.0 INTRODUCTION 485
13.1 EMBEDDED QUOTATIVES 486
13.1.1 QUOTATIVES AS SENTENTIAL COMPLEMENTS 486
13.1.2 EMBEDDED QUESTIONS 491
13.2 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 491
13.2.1 CONDITIONAL ADVERBIAL CLAUSES WITH MOLE IF 492
13.2.2 CAUSAL ADVERBIAL CLAUSES WITH KESOA BECAUSE 493 13.2.3 TEMPORAL
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES WITH BITA UNTIL 494
13.2.4 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES WITH THE ARTICLE -O 495
13.2.5 TOPICALIZED ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 496
13.2.6 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES WITH THE POSTPOSITIONS TEMWAT WHILE AND DIM
AT THE TIME WHEN 497
13.2.7 THE SEMANTIC DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TEMWAT
13.3 13.3.1 13.3.2 13.3.3
13.3.4
13.3.5 13.3.6
13.3.7
APPENDIX I 1 2 3
WHILE AND DIM AT THE TIME WHEN RELATIVE CLAUSES PRENOMINAL RELATIVE
CLAUSES HEAD-INTERNAL RELATIVE CLAUSES OMISSION OF THE INTERNAL HEAD IN
HEAD-INTERNAL RELATIVE CLAUSES
USE OF RESUMPTIVE PRONOUNS AFTER HEAD-INTERNAL RELATIVE CLAUSES OTHER
MARKERS OF HEAD-INTERNAL RELATIVE CLAUSES COMPLEX HEAD-INTERNAL RELATIVE
CLAUSES AND
SWITCH REFERENCE AN ANALYTICAL ISSUE IN HEAD-INTERNAL RELATIVE CLAUSES
TEXTS THE ORIGIN OF THE AFOKSITGABAAM FRUIT DANENOK AND HIS BROTHER
ROLLING SMOKES
499 500 500 504
506
507 508
509
511
515 515 524 541
IMAGE 13
TABLE OF CONTENTS XXI
APPENDIX II MIAN-ENGLISH WORDLIST 545
NOTES 5 79
REFERENCES 5 85
INDEX 5 97
Mian is an endangered non-Austronesian (‘Papuan’) language of the Ok family spoken in the Highlands fringe in western Papua New Guinea by approximately 1,400 speakers. This grammar is the first comprehensive description of the language with detailed analysis of tone, gender and clause chaining. The analysis is based on primary field data recorded by the author. The book contains a collection of fully glossed and translated texts and a word fist. THE SERIES: MOUTON GRAMMAR LIBRARY The series builds an extensive collection of high quality descriptions of languages around the world. Each volume offers a comprehensive grammatical description of a single language together with fully analyzed sample texts and, if appropriate, a word list and other relevant information which is available on the language in question. There are no restrictions as to language family or area, and although special attention is paid to hitherto undescribed languages, new and valuable treatments of better known languages are also included. No theoretical model is imposed on the authors; the only criterion is a high standard of scientific quality։—֊ ■
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IMAGE 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABBREVIATIONS
1 THE LANGUAGE AND ITS SPEAKERS 1.0 1.1 1.2
1.2.1 1.2.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6.1
1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.7 1.7.1 1.7.2
INTRODUCTION MIAN WENG: THE MIAN LANGUAGE THE OK LANGUAGES THE OK
LANGUAGES AS A FAMILY
PREVIOUS LINGUISTIC RESEARCH ON THE OK LANGUAGES TYPOLOGICAL PROFILE
NOTE ON THE REVISED VERSION FIELDWORK AND CONSULTANTS THE MIANTEN: THE
MIANMIN PEOPLE
LANDSCAPE AND CLIMATE MIANMIN SETTLEMENTS FOOD PREPARATION
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION NOTES ON EXAMPLES AND THE ORTHOGRAPHY EXAMPLES
ORTHOGRAPHY IN THE EXAMPLES
2 PHONOLOGY
2.0 2. 2.
2. 2. 2. 2.
2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2.
1.1
.1 .2 .3 .4
.5
1.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3
.UE $.4
INTRODUCTION CONSONANTS PHONETIC DESCRIPTION AND ALLOPHONIC DISTRIBUTION
OFCONSONANTS
STOPS NASALS FRICATIVES THE LATERAL GLIDE /I/
SEMIVOWELS MINIMAL PAIRS FOR CONSONANTS REGULAR PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES
FOR CONSONANTS FINAL DEVOICING
ASPIRATION AND WITHHELD RELEASE WORD-FINAL FREE VARIATION OF [P H ],
[P'], [FJ, AND [ J ] INTERVOCALIC LENITION OF/B/ AND FK/
V
XXIII
1 1 2 4 4
5 6
10 11 12 12
13 15 16 16 16
17
19 19 20
20 20 21
22 22 23 24
25 25 25 26
26
BIBLIOGRAFISCHE INFORMATIONEN HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1017048789
DIGITALISIERT DURCH
IMAGE 2
X TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.1.3.5 HOMORGANIC NASAL ASSIMILATION 27
2.1.3.6 OPTIONAL SCHWA-INSERTION INTO CONSONANT CLUSTERS 27 2.1.4
ASSIMILATION WITH FOLLOWING ALVEOLAR NASAL /N/ 28
2.2 VOWELS 28
2.2.1 PHONETIC DESCRIPTION AND ALLOPHONIC DISTRIBUTION OF VOWELS 29
2.2.2 MINIMAL AND NEAR-MINIMAL PAIRS FOR MIAN VOWELS 30 2.3 VOWEL LENGTH
31
2.4 PHARYNGEALIZATION 35
2.4.1 CONTRASTS INVOLVING PHARYNGEALIZATION 35
2.4.2 CREAKY VOICE ACCOMPANYING PHARYNGEALIZED /AV 37 2.4.3
PHARYNGEALIZED /AV AND WORD ACCENT 37
2.5 PHONOLOGICALLY CONDITIONED ALLOMORPHY 38
2.5.1 THE EXISTENTIAL VERB BI 38
2.5.2 THE VERB -LO 'HIT, KILL' 38
2.5.3 THE ARTICLE =/ 'ANIMATE PLURAL' 38
2.5.4 THE SUBJECT SUFFIXES -I ' 1 SG.SBJ' AND -IB(O) '2/3PL.AN.SBJ' 39
2.5.5 THE SUBJECT SUFFIX -O '3SG.F.SBJ' 39
2.5.6 -BIO 'GENERAL PAST' 39
2.5.7 -SO 'HESTERNAL PAST' 40
2.5.8 =A 'QUESTION' AND =E '(CONTENT) QUESTION' 40
2.6 PHONOTACTICS 40
2.6.1 SYLLABLE STRUCTURE 40
2.6.2 SYLLABLE-INITIAL CONSONANT CLUSTERS 42
2.6.3 HETEROSYLLABIC CONSONANT CLUSTERS 43
2.6.4 VOWEL CLUSTERS 43
2.7 VOWEL HARMONY 44
2.7.1 IN CLASSIFICATORY PREFIXES 45
2.7.2 IN THE MODAL SUFFIX /VM/ 'DEONTIC' 45
2.7.3 IN THE BOUND PRONOUNS OF THE'ALONE'-SERIES 46
2.8 TONE 46
2.8.1 INTRODUCTION 47
2.8.2 TONAL PHONOLOGY OF NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES 49
2.8.2.1 TONE ASSOCIATION IN MONOSYLLABLES 51
2.8.2.2 TONE ASSOCIATION IN DISYLLABLES 55
2.8.2.3 NOMINALS WITH THE ACCENT ON THE FIRST SYLLABLE 59
2.8.2.4 TONE ASSOCIATION IN TRISYLLABLES 60
2.8.3 EXPANDING THE TONAL DOMAIN 62
2.8.3.1 TONE IN NON-VERBAL PREDICATIONS 62
2.8.3.2 CLITICIZATION OF THE ARTICLE 66
2.8.3.3 TONE IN NOUN-NOUN COMPOUNDS 68
IMAGE 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS XI
2.8.3.4 CONTOUR DELINKING ACROSS WORD BOUNDARIES 71
2.8.4 TONAL PHONOLOGY OF THE VERB 72
2.8.4.1 ACCENT AND TONAL MELODIES 73
2.8.4.2 UNACCENTED VERBS 74
2.8.4.3 STEM ACCENTED VERBS 75
2.8.4.4 OFF-STEM ACCENTED VERBS 77
2.8.4.5 THE INHERENTLY ACCENTED IRREALIS SUFFIXES 79
2.8.4.6 TONE OF -UEB '- 'GIVE' AND OF COMPOUNDS WITH -WE'-'GIVE' 80
2.8.5 HIGH TONE IN FORMS OF THE NON-HODIERNAL PAST 82
2.8.6 HIGH TONE ON THE STEM OF THE VERB GE/GEN 'BUILD, ROLL, FASTEN' 82
2.8.7 THE LH MELODY IN LEXICAL REDUPLICATIONS 82
2.8.8 TONE AND SYLLABLE PROMINENCE 83
2.9 ORTHOGRAPHY 83
WORD CLASSES 85
3.0 INTRODUCTION 85
3.1 NOUNS 85
3.1.1 PROPERTIES COMMON TO ALL NOUNS 86
3.1.2 COMPOUND NOUNS 87
3.1.3 ADDITIVE CO-COMPOUNDS 91
3.1.4 NOUN-TO-VERB DERIVATION 91
3.1.5 NOUN-TO-ADVERB/ADJECTIVE DERIVATION 92
3.1.6 ADJECTIVE-TO-NOUN DERIVATION 93
3.1.7 PROPER NAMES AND KIN NOUNS 94
3.1.8 DYADS 95
3.1.8.1 DUM 'FATHER AND CHILD' AND HAT 'MOTHER AND CHILD' 97 3.1.8.2
MIKIM 'SIBLINGS OF OPPOSITE SEX' AND DAB 'SIBLINGS OF SAME SEX' 98
3.1.8.3 KAM '(MARRIED) COUPLE' 98
3.1.9 TEMPORAL NOUNS AND NOUN PHRASES 99
3.1.10 VERBAL NOUNS 100
3.2 VERBS 101
3.2.1 NOTATION CONVENTIONS FOR VERBS 105
3.2.2 VERB COMPOUNDS 105
3.2.3 DENOMINAL AND DEADJECTIVAL VERBS DERIVED WITH -AN 108
3.2.4 FUNCTION VERBS 109
3.3 ARTICLES 109
3.3.1 THE PRONOMINAL ARTICLE AND REFERENTIALITY 109
IMAGE 4
XII TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.3.2 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7.1
3.7.2 3.7.3 3.7.4 3.7.5 3.7.6 3.7.7 3.7.8 3.7.9 3.7.10 3.7.11 3.7.12
3.8 3.8.1 3.9
3.10 3.11 3.11.1 3.11.2 3.11.3 3.11.4 3.11.5 3.11.6
3.12 3.12.1 3.12.2
3.12.3 3.12.4 3.12.5 3.13 3.13.1
3.13.2 3.13.3 3.13.4 3.13.5
3.13.6
THE COLLECTIVE ARTICLE =O ADJECTIVES PRENOMINAL MODIFIERS ADVERBS
PRONOUNS THE FREE PRONOUN SERIES POSSESSIVE PRONOUN SERIES THE BOUND
PRONOUN SERIES
EMPHATIC PRONOUNS THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS WITH NOMINAL FUNCTION THE
NEGATIVE PRONOUN SUFFIX -KOB THE FREE 'ALONE'-SERIES
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS DEMONSTRATIVES SYNOPSIS OF PRONOUNS INTERROGATIVES
NOTE ON INDEFINITES
DIRECTIONALS DEMONSTRATIVE DIRECTIONALS POSTPOSITIONS QUANTIFIERS
CONJUNCTIONS AND SUBORDINATORS EKA 'AND' BLEKA 'OR' OTANE 'BUT' KESOA
'BECAUSE, SINCE' BITA 'UNTIL' MOLE 'IF IDEOPHONES WITH FUNCTION VERB
GE/GA 'SAY' WITH FUNCTION VERB GE/GA 'SAY' OR EXISTENTIAL VERB N/BL~BI
WITH MOTION VERBS WITH FUNCTION VERB GE/GA 'SAY' OR MOTION VERB WITH A
SEMANTICALLY MORE SPECIFIC VERB CLITICS AND PARTICLES ILLOCUTIONARY
FORCE CLITICS MEDIAL VERB CLITICS THE NEGATIVE CLITIC =BA THE NEGATIVE
CLITIC =MO THE INTERROGATIVE CLITIC =MOE THE TOPIC CLITIC -LE
113 114 121 121 124 124
126 128 130 132
133 134 134 136 138
139 139 140
142 143 144 149 149 150 150 151 152 152 153 154
155 156 156 156 157
157 158 158 159 160 160
IMAGE 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS XIII
3.13.7 3.13.8 3.14 3.14.1 3.14.2 3.14.3
GENDER 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.1.1 4.2.1.2 4.2.2 4.2.2.1 4.2.2.2 4.3 4.4
4.5 4.6 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.7
THE NOUN PHRASE MODIFIER =SA 'TOO' INTERJECTIONS AND FORMULAIC
UTTERANCES GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS SUBJECT OBJECT DITRANSITIVES
INTRODUCTION AGREEMENT ON THE ARTICLE GENDER ASSIGNMENT NOUNS REFERRING
TO ANIMATES
NOUNS OF MASCULINE GENDER REFERRING TO HUMANS NOUNS OF FEMININE GENDER
REFERRING TO HUMANS NOUNS REFERRING TO INANIMATES
NOUNS OF NEUTER 1 GENDER NOUNS OF NEUTER 2 GENDER CROSS-CLASSIFICATION
GENDER ASSIGNMENT OF TOK PISIN LOANS
SUMMARY OF THE AGREEMENT PATTERNS ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE GENDER
SYSTEM TWO GENDERS: ONLY MASCULINE AND FEMININE
POLARITY EVALUATION
CLASSIFICATORY VERB PREFIXES 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5
5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9
5.1 5.10.1 5.10.2
INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATORY PREFIXES THE M-CLASS: DOB-/DOL- THE F-CLASS:
OM-/DOL- THE LONG CLASS: TOB-/TEBEL-
THE BUNDLE CLASS: GOL-/GULEL- THE COVERING CLASS: GAM-/GEMEL- THE
RESIDUE CLASS: OB-LOL- VERBS WITH OBLIGATORY CLASSIFICATORY PREFIX
GENDER SYSTEM VS. CLASSIFICATION BY PREFIX RECLASSIFICATION PLURALS OF
INANIMATE NOUNS OF NEUTER 1 GENDER USE OF FEMININE SINGULAR OM- FOR
BROKEN AND
161 162 163 163 164 167
169 169 169
171 171 173 173 174
174 175 176 177
178 179 179 181
183
185 185 185 189 190 192
192 193 193 194
195 197 200
HALF OBJECTS 200
IMAGE 6
XIV TABLE OF CONTENTS
6 THE NOUN PHRASE 203
6.0 INTRODUCTION 203
6.1 PRONOUNS AS NOUN PHRASES 204
6.2 MINIMAL NOUN PHRASES 205
6.2.1 BARE NOUNS 205
6.2.2 ARTICLES AS NOUN PHRASE DETERMINERS 205
6.2.3 EMPHATIC PRONOUNS AS NOUN PHRASE DETERMINERS 207 6.3 MODIFIED NOUN
PHRASES 208
6.3.1 ADJECTIVAL MODIFIERS 208
6.3.2 MAK 'CERTAIN, (AN)OTHER' 210
6.3.3 PRENOMINAL MODIFIERS 210
6.3.4 REDUPLICATED ADJECTIVES 211
6.3.5 QUANTIFIERS 211
6.3.6 THE INTENSIFIES DOT 'VERY', WEKIB 'VERY', AND KLA 'REALLY' 213
6.3.7 DEMONSTRATIVES IN THE NOUN PHRASE 214
6.3.8 RELATIVE CLAUSES 215
6.4 ATTRIBUTIVE POSSESSION 216
6.5 TAXONOMIC TERMS 220
6.6 DYADIC TERMS 223
6.7 NOUN PHRASE COORDINATION 225
6.8 NOUN PHRASE APPOSITION 228
6.9 NOUN PHRASE TOPICALIZATION 229
6.10 FOCUSED NOUN PHRASES 231
THE POSTPOSITIONAL PHRASE 233
7.0 INTRODUCTION 233
7.1 SIMPLE SPATIAL POSTPOSITIONAL PHRASES WITH A DIRECTIONAL 234
7.2 SIMPLE SPATIAL POSTPOSITIONAL PHRASES WITH A NOMINAL POSTPOSITION
236
7.3 POSTPOSITIONAL PHRASES WITH COMPLEX POSTPOSITIONS 239 7.4 NOUNS IN
COMPLEX POSTPOSITIONS 240
7.5 TEMPORAL POSTPOSITIONAL PHRASES 242
VERB MORPHOLOGY 243
8.0 INTRODUCTION 243
8.1 CLASSIFICATION OF VERBS 244
8.2 NOTATION CONVENTIONS FOR VERBS 244
8.3 PERFECTIVE AND IMPERFECTIVE VERB STEMS 245
IMAGE 7
TABLE OF CONTENTS XV
8.3.1 8.3.1.1 8.3.1.2 8.3.1.3 8.3.2 8.3.2.1 8.3.2.2 8.3.3 8.3.4 8.4 8.5
8.5.1 8.5.2 8.5.3 8.5.4 8.5.4.1
8.5.4.2
8.5.5 8.5.5.1 8.5.5.2
8.5.5.3 8.5.5.4 8.5.5.5
8.5.5.6 8.6 8.6.1 8.6.1.1 8.6.1.2 8.6.1.3 8.6.1.4 8.6.1.5 8.6.1.6
8.6.1.7 8.6.1.8 8.6.1.9 8.6.2 8.6.2.1 8.6.2.2 8.6.3 8.6.4
BIASPECTUAL VERBS: STEM ALTERNATION SUFFIXATION APOPHONY SUPPLETION
IRREGULAR ASPECTUAL STEM ALTERNATION
TL~TE/TLE~TE 'COME' UN-~ON/UNE 'GO' TRANS-ASPECTUAL VERBS DEFECTIVE
VERBS
CONJUGATION CLASSES ARGUMENT MARKING PRONOMINAL AFFIXES
SUBJECT SUFFIX OBJECT PREFIX (ACCUSATIVE ALIGNMENT) OBJECT (OR SUBJECT)
PREFIX (ABSOLUTIVE ALIGNMENT) CLASSIFICATORY PREFIXES
STEM APOPHONY IN PERFECTIVE 'CUT AND BREAK'- VERBS OBJECT SUFFIX
(INDIRECTIVE ALIGNMENT) THE ZERO ROOT 'TRANSFER'
COMPOUNDS WITH -UEB '- 'GIVE (PFV)' IN THE PERFECTIVE RECIPIENT MARKING
IN THE IMPERFECTIVE
SEMANTIC SPECTRUM OF THE SUFFIXED OBJECT VERBS WITH OBLIGATORY OBJECT
SUFFIX VERBS WHICH NEVER HAVE AN OBJECT SUFFIX TAM MORPHOLOGY OF FINAL
VERBS TAM MARKERS (PRE-SUBJECT SLOT)
-NAB 'NEAR PAST' -B H 'NON-HODIERNAL PAST' -S 'REMOTE PAST' -B
'IMPERFECTIVE' -/ 'IMPERFECTIVE'
-M 'INCHOATIVE IMPERFECTIVE' -N ~ -0 'REALIS' -(A)MAB ~ -AAMAB AND -OMAB
'IRREALIS' -AA(M) 'DEONTIC' IN C-STEMS TENSE MARKERS (POST-SUBJECT SLOT)
-BIO 'GENERAL PAST' -SO 'HESTERNAL PAST' PERFECTIVE STEMS SERIALIZED
WITH NA 'DO' A NOTE ON THE VERB -EB 'TAKE'
247 247 250 251
251 251 253
254 255 258 260
260 262 265 267
267
268 269 271
273 277 278 282
282 282 283 284
284 286 287 288 288
290 292 295
295 296 297 298
299
IMAGE 8
XVI TABLE OF CONTENTS
8.6.5 8.6.6 8.6.7 8.6.7.1 8.6.7.2 8.6.7.3 8.6.7.4
8.6.7.5
8.6.7.6 8.6.8 8.6.8.1 8.6.8.2 8.6.8.3 8.6.9 8.7 8.7.1 8.7.1.1 8.7.1.
8.7.1.3 8.7.2 8.7.2.1 8.7.2.2 8.7.2.3 8.7.2.4 8.7.2.5 8.7.2.6 8.8 8.9
8.9.1 8.9.2 8.10 8.11
INFLECTION OF THE EXISTENTIAL VERB NEGATION (WITH THE EXISTENTIAL VERB)
AUXILIARY-SERIALIZED VERBS AUXILIARY-SERIALIZATION WITH IMPERFECTIVE
STEMS
HABITUAL FORMS AUXILIARY-SERIALIZATION WITH PERFECTIVE STEMS
AUXILIARY-SERIALIZED IRREALIS FORMS OF PERFECTIVE STEMS
AUXILIARY-SERIALIZED VERB FORMS PLUS -VM
'DEONTIC' PROHIBITIVE HORTATIVE PERFECTIVE HORTATIVES IMPERFECTIVE
HORTATIVES
STEM CHANGE IN HORTATIVE FORMS IMPERATIVE NON-FINITE VERB FORMS M-FORMS
PERFECTIVE M-FORMS IMPERFECTIVE M-FORMS IMPERFECTIVE M-FORMS OF N-STEMS
VERBAL NOUNS PERFECTIVE VERBAL NOUNS IMPERFECTIVE VERBAL NOUNS
IMPERFECTIVE VERBAL NOUNS OF N-STEMS THE VERBAL NOUN OF BASIC MOTION
VERBS THE VERBAL NOUN OF THE FUNCTION VERBS THE VERBAL NOUN OF THE
EXISTENTIAL VERB
ITERATIVES FUNCTION VERB CONSTRUCTIONS WITH GE/GA 'SAY' WITH KE 'DO'
NOUN-VERB IDIOMS
THE 'IMMEDIATE ACTION' CONSTRUCTION
299 302 303 304
305 306
308
309 310 311 311 312
313 314 315
315 315 315 316 316 318 318
319 320 320 321
321 323 323 324 327 328
ARGUMENT STRUCTURE AND THE SYNTAX OF THE CLAUSE 331
9.0 INTRODUCTION 331
9.1 INTRANSITIVES 332
9.1.1 MOTION VERBS 333
9.1.2 DIRECTLY INFLECTED DIRECTIONALS AS INTRANSITIVES VERBS 336
IMAGE 9
TABLE OF CONTENTS XVII
9.1.3 9.1.4 9.1.5 9.1.6 9.1.7 9.2 9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
9.2.4 9.3 9.4 9.4.1 9.4.2 9.5
9.6 9.6. 9.6.2 9.6.2.1 9.6.2.2 9.6.2.3
9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.10.1 9.10.2 9.10.3 9.10.4 9.10.5 9.10.6 9.10.7 9.10.8
9.11 9.11.1 9.11.2 9.11.3 9.11.4
LOCATIVE ADJUNCTS NOUN PHRASES AS LOCATIVE ADJUNCTS CLASSIFICATORY
PREFIXES IN INTRANSITIVE VERBS
DENOMINAL AND DEADJECTIVAL INCHOATIVE VERBS UNDERIVABLE INTRANSITIVES
TRANSITIVES TRANSITIVES WITH CLASSIFICATORY PREFIX (ABSOLUTIVE
ALIGNMENT) TRANSITIVES WITH OBJECT PREFIX (ACCUSATIVE ALIGNMENT)
TRANSITIVES WITH OBJECT SUFFIX (INDIRECTIVE ALIGMENT) TRANSITIVES
WITHOUT OBJECT AFFIX AMBITRANSITIVES
DERIVED TRANSITIVES PRODUCTIVE DERIVATION OF TRANSITIVES IDIOSYNCRATIC
DERIVATION DITRANSITIVES
DERIVED DITRANSITIVES PRODUCTIVE DERIVATION OF DITRANSITIVES
IDIOSYNCRATIC DERIVATION OF DITRANSITIVES -0"- 'GIVE (PFV)' FROM -0'
'TAKE (PFV)' -KA- 'GIVE (IPFV)' FROM -KA 'PUT (IPFV)' DEI- -/- 'LEAVE
STH FOR SB' (PFV) FROM DEI-/-
'LEAVE SB/STH (PFV)' POSSESSOR RAISING IMPERSONAL VERBS
REFLEXIVIZATION CONSTITUENT ORDER ARGUMENT ORDER IN TRANSITIVE CLAUSES
ARGUMENT ORDER IN DITRANSITIVE CLAUSES
POSITION OF NON-ARGUMENTS POSITION OF ADVERBS POSITION OF POSTPOSITIONAL
ADJUNCTS POSITION OF NOMINAL ADJUNCTS POSITION OF TEMPORAL NOUNS
POSITION OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES NON-VERBAL CLAUSES
IDENTITY PROPERTY POSSESSION NEGATION IN NON-VERBAL CLAUSES
337 337 338 339
339 340
340
341
342 344 346 348 349 350 351 353
353 355 355 355
356 357 359 359
362 362 364 366
367 368 369 369 370
371 372 373 374
374
IMAGE 10
XVIII TABLE OF CONTENTS
9.12 RECIPROCAL CONSTRUCTIONS 375
9.12.1 THE BARE RECIPROCAL CONSTRUCTION 376
9.12.2 THESES-CONSTRUCTION 376
9.12.3 THE MORPHOLOGICAL STATUS OF -SESE 378
9.12.4 A VARIANT OF THE SESE-CONSTRUCTION 379
9.12.5 RECIPROCALS IN THE IMPERFECTIVE 381
9.13 A NOTE ON CAUSATIVES 381
10 QUESTION FORMATION 385
10.0 INTRODUCTION 385
10.1 POLAR QUESTIONS 385
10.1.1 POLAR QUESTIONS WITH THE INTERROGATIVE CLITIC =A 386 10.1.2 POLAR
QUESTIONS WITH BLEKA 'OR' AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE 389
10.1.3 ALTERNATIVE QUESTIONS WITH BLEKA 'OR' 389
10.2 CONTENT QUESTIONS 390
10.2.1 THE INTERROGATIVE WORD FAB 391
10.2.2 FAB 'WHERE?' 392
10.2.3 FATNA- 'DO WHAT?' 394
10.2.4 THE VERBAL NOUN FATNAMIN 'WHAT' 396
10.2.5 FATNAMIN WITH DERIVATIONAL SUFFIXES 397
10.2.6 FATNAMIN PLUS THE NOMINAL POSTPOSITION DIM 'ON' 398 10.2.7 THE
INTERROGATIVE WORD WAN 398
10.2.8 IS WAN AN INTERROGATIVE VERB? 402
10.3 TOPIC-ONLY QUESTIONS 402
11 CHAINING CONSTRUCTIONS 405
11.0 INTRODUCTION 405
11.1 SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTIONS 405
11.1.1 CORE-LEVEL SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTIONS 406
11.1.1.1 SERIALIZATION OF INTRANSITIVE VERBS 406
11.1.1.2 SERIALIZATION OF A TRANSITIVE AND AN INTRANSITIVE VERB 407
11.1.1.3 SERIALIZATION OF TRANSITIVE VERBS AND ARGUMENT SHARING 408
.1.1.4 AUXILIARY-SERIALIZED STEMS INSIDE A CORE SVC 411 .1.1.5
DIRECTIONALS INSIDE A CORE SVC 411
.1.2 NUCLEAR SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTIONS 412
.1.3 VERB SERIALIZATION VERSUS COMPOUNDING (SYNOPSIS) 414 . 1.4 THE
MORPHOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE AUXILIARY 416
IMAGE 11
TABLE OF CONTENTS XIX
11.1.5 CAUSATIVE SERIALIZATION 418
11.1.6 PURPOSIVE SERIALIZATION 419
11.2 MEDIAL VERB MORPHOLOGY AND CLAUSE CHAINING 421 11.2.1 INTRODUCTION
AND TERMINOLOGY 421
11.2.2 MEDIAL VERSUS FINAL VERBS 422
11.2.3 SWITCH REFERENCE MORPHOLOGY IN DIRECTLY INFLECTED VERBS 424
11.2.3.1 UNUSUAL BEHAVIOUR OF -W '(SS.)SEQ' 426
11.2.3.2 -E'DS.SIM' 427
.2.3.3 THE DS SEQUENTIAL MARKERS AND -0 AND -S 429
11.2.3.4 -M 'INCHOATIVE IMPERFECTIVE' PLUS -S 'DS.SEQ' 431 11.2.3.5 -NAB
'DS.SEQ.SHORT INTERVAL' 431
.2.4 THE EXISTENTIAL VERB N/BI~BL AS A MEDIAL VERB 432
.2.5 AUXILIARY-SERIALIZATION IN MEDIAL VERBS 433
.2.5.1 -BI IMPERFECTIVE AUXILIARY' 433
.2.5.2 -BI R IMPERFECTIVE AUXILIARY' PLUS -0 'DS.SIM' 435 .2.5.3 -BIAAN
IMPERFECTIVE SS.SIM AUXILIARY' 435
.2.5.4 IMPERFECTIVE AUXILIARIES AND PERFECTIVE STEMS 437 .2.6
COMPLICATIONS IN THE MIAN S/R SYSTEM 438
.2.6.1 INCONSISTENCIES IN S/R MARKING 438
.2.6.2 ACCOUNTING FOR THE INCONSISTENCIES IN S/R MARKING 445 .2.7 TENSE
MARKING IN MEDIAL VERBS 448
.2.8 TENSE MARKING WITH -BIO 'GENERAL PAST' IN MEDIAL VERBS 450
.2.9 TENSE MARKING WITH -SO 'HESTERNAL PAST' IN MEDIAL VERBS 453
.2.10 POSTPOSED LOCATIVE ADJUNCTS 456
.2.11 REFERENTIAL OVERLAP 457
.2.12 REPETITION, REPAIR AND ELABORATION IN CLAUSE CHAINS 461 .2.13
SHORTENED MEDIAL CLAUSES 464
.3 TOPICALIZED MEDIAL CLAUSES 465
.4 TAIL-HEAD LINKAGE 466
.5 MEDIAL VERBS IN UTTERANCE-FINAL POSITION 467
.6 NON-VERBAL CLAUSES IN CLAUSE CHAINS 469
12 OPERATOR SCOPE IN CLAUSE CHAINING CONSTRUCTIONS 12.0 12.1 12.2
12.3 12.3.1
INTRODUCTION LLLOCUTIONARY FORCE POLARITY TENSE
PRE-SUBJECT SLOT TENSE SUFFIXES
471 471 472 475 476 477
IMAGE 12
XX TABLE OF CONTENTS
12.3.2 POST-SUBJECT SLOT TENSE SUFFIXES 477
12.4 MOOD 479
12.4.1 -N ~ -0 'REALIS' 479
12.4.2 -(A)MAB/-OMAB 'IRREALIS' 480
12.4.3 -(V)M 'DEONTIC' 481
12.5 ASPECT 482
12.5.1 SCOPE OF HABITUAL MARKING 483
13 EMBEDDING 485
13.0 INTRODUCTION 485
13.1 EMBEDDED QUOTATIVES 486
13.1.1 QUOTATIVES AS SENTENTIAL COMPLEMENTS 486
13.1.2 EMBEDDED QUESTIONS 491
13.2 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 491
13.2.1 CONDITIONAL ADVERBIAL CLAUSES WITH MOLE 'IF 492
13.2.2 CAUSAL ADVERBIAL CLAUSES WITH KESOA 'BECAUSE' 493 13.2.3 TEMPORAL
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES WITH BITA 'UNTIL' 494
13.2.4 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES WITH THE ARTICLE -O 495
13.2.5 TOPICALIZED ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 496
13.2.6 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES WITH THE POSTPOSITIONS TEMWAT 'WHILE' AND DIM
'AT THE TIME WHEN' 497
13.2.7 THE SEMANTIC DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TEMWAT
13.3 13.3.1 13.3.2 13.3.3
13.3.4
13.3.5 13.3.6
13.3.7
APPENDIX I 1 2 3
'WHILE' AND DIM 'AT THE TIME WHEN' RELATIVE CLAUSES PRENOMINAL RELATIVE
CLAUSES HEAD-INTERNAL RELATIVE CLAUSES OMISSION OF THE INTERNAL HEAD IN
HEAD-INTERNAL RELATIVE CLAUSES
USE OF RESUMPTIVE PRONOUNS AFTER HEAD-INTERNAL RELATIVE CLAUSES OTHER
MARKERS OF HEAD-INTERNAL RELATIVE CLAUSES COMPLEX HEAD-INTERNAL RELATIVE
CLAUSES AND
SWITCH REFERENCE AN ANALYTICAL ISSUE IN HEAD-INTERNAL RELATIVE CLAUSES
TEXTS THE ORIGIN OF THE AFOKSITGABAAM FRUIT DANENOK AND HIS BROTHER
ROLLING SMOKES
499 500 500 504
506
507 508
509
511
515 515 524 541
IMAGE 13
TABLE OF CONTENTS XXI
APPENDIX II MIAN-ENGLISH WORDLIST 545
NOTES 5 79
REFERENCES 5 85
INDEX 5 97
Mian is an endangered non-Austronesian (‘Papuan’) language of the Ok family spoken in the Highlands fringe in western Papua New Guinea by approximately 1,400 speakers. This grammar is the first comprehensive description of the language with detailed analysis of tone, gender and clause chaining. The analysis is based on primary field data recorded by the author. The book contains a collection of fully glossed and translated texts and a word fist. THE SERIES: MOUTON GRAMMAR LIBRARY The series builds an extensive collection of high quality descriptions of languages around the world. Each volume offers a comprehensive grammatical description of a single language together with fully analyzed sample texts and, if appropriate, a word list and other relevant information which is available on the language in question. There are no restrictions as to language family or area, and although special attention is paid to hitherto undescribed languages, new and valuable treatments of better known languages are also included. No theoretical model is imposed on the authors; the only criterion is a high standard of scientific quality։—֊ ■ |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Fedden, Sebastian 1973- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)137175566 |
| author_facet | Fedden, Sebastian 1973- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Fedden, Sebastian 1973- |
| author_variant | s f sf |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049089875 |
| classification_rvk | EE 1780 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)769018757 (DE-599)DNB1017048789 |
| dewey-full | 499.12 |
| dewey-hundreds | 400 - Language |
| dewey-ones | 499 - Austronesian & other languages |
| dewey-raw | 499.12 |
| dewey-search | 499.12 |
| dewey-sort | 3499.12 |
| dewey-tens | 490 - Other languages |
| discipline | Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| id | DE-604.BV049089875 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:29:38Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:55:02Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783110264180 9783110266610 311026661X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034351623 |
| oclc_num | 769018757 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | XXV, 604 Seiten graph. Darst., Kt. 25 cm |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | <<De>> Gruyter |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Mouton grammar library |
| series2 | Mouton grammar library |
| spelling | Fedden, Sebastian 1973- Verfasser (DE-588)137175566 aut A grammar of Mian by Sebastian Fedden Berlin; Boston, Mass. <<De>> Gruyter [2011] XXV, 604 Seiten graph. Darst., Kt. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Mouton grammar library 55 Zugl. überarb. Fassung von: Melbourne, Univ., Diss., 2007 Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Papuasprachen (DE-588)4120307-0 gnd rswk-swf Mian-Sprache (DE-588)7844369-6 gnd rswk-swf Mundart (DE-588)4040725-1 gnd rswk-swf Endangered Languages / Fieldwork; Non-Indo-European Languages EBK: eBook (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Papuasprachen (DE-588)4120307-0 s Mundart (DE-588)4040725-1 s Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s DE-604 Mian-Sprache (DE-588)7844369-6 s Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Fedden, Sebastian, 1973- A Grammar of Mian Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter, 2011 Online-Ressource Mouton grammar library 55 (DE-604)BV000018422 55 B:DE-101 application/pdf https://d-nb.info/1017048789/04 Inhaltsverzeichnis DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034351623&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034351623&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Fedden, Sebastian 1973- A grammar of Mian Mouton grammar library Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Papuasprachen (DE-588)4120307-0 gnd Mian-Sprache (DE-588)7844369-6 gnd Mundart (DE-588)4040725-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4021806-5 (DE-588)4120307-0 (DE-588)7844369-6 (DE-588)4040725-1 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | A grammar of Mian |
| title_auth | A grammar of Mian |
| title_exact_search | A grammar of Mian |
| title_exact_search_txtP | A grammar of Mian |
| title_full | A grammar of Mian by Sebastian Fedden |
| title_fullStr | A grammar of Mian by Sebastian Fedden |
| title_full_unstemmed | A grammar of Mian by Sebastian Fedden |
| title_short | A grammar of Mian |
| title_sort | a grammar of mian |
| topic | Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Papuasprachen (DE-588)4120307-0 gnd Mian-Sprache (DE-588)7844369-6 gnd Mundart (DE-588)4040725-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Grammatik Papuasprachen Mian-Sprache Mundart Hochschulschrift |
| url | https://d-nb.info/1017048789/04 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034351623&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034351623&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000018422 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT feddensebastian agrammarofmian |
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