Shtetndërtimi hibrid: ambiguieti kreativ si politikë e administrimit ndërkombëtar në Kosovë
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Albanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Tiranë, Tetovë, Prishtinë
Albas
2022
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 386 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9789951153447 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | ADEM Beha PËRMBAJTJA LISTA E TABELAVE DHE E FIGURAVE AKRONIME DHE SHKURTESA FALËNDERIME HYRJE METODAT DHE QASJET Rasti i studimit (case study) Analiza e diskursit dhe analiza e përmbajtjes (Discourse Analysis/Content Analysis) Gjurmimi i procesit (process tracing) KREU 1: KORNIZA TEORIKE 1. Paqendërtimi dhe shtetndërtimi 1.1 . Shteti 1.2 Drejtpeshimi 1.3 Pronësia vendore dhe stabiliteti 2. Të drejtat e pakicave dhe autonomia vetëqeverisëse 2.1 Teoria e Will Kymlicka-s për të drejtat e pakicave 2.2 Autonomia dhe vetëqeverisja SFONDI HISTORIK: RRUGA NGA REGJIMI SERB TEK ADMINISTRIMINDËRKOMBËTAR KREU 2: SHTETNDËRTIMI PA SHTET 2.1 Administrimi ndërkombëtar: nga Danzingu në Kosovë 2.2 UNMIK-u si “shtet Surrogat” 2.3 Ambiguiteti konstruktiv si strategji për menaxhim të konfliktit 2.4 E ardhmja ambige e Kosovës nëpër fazat e administrimit ndërkombëtar 10 11 13 16 26 28 31 34 36 42 44 45 48 48 53 57 69 72 80 84 5
Shtetndërtimi hibrid 2.5 Strukturat paralele dhe hibriditeti 2.6 Tensionet intraetnike dhe interetnike 2.7 Zgjedhjet si blerje e stabilitetit 2.8 Institucionet së pari, pastaj demokracia 2.9 Gjithëpushtetshmëria e shtetndërtuesve 2.10 Shtetndërtimi si proces teknik, jo politik 2.11 Menyja e opsioneve për statusin 90 92 98 102 109 112 117 KREU 3: DIZAJNI INSTITUCIONAL 3.1 Pronësia vendore në kushtetutbërje 3.2 Kushtetuta pa shtet: “Kornizë apo Kushtetutë?” 3.3 Korniza Kushtetuese si Marrëveshje e Rambujesë 3.4 Dizajni i sistemit zgjedhor “për demokraci shumetnike” 3.5 “Zgjedhjet historike” 3.6 Koalicioni i madh i stabilitetit 3.7 Çarja e madhe mes UNMIK-ut dhe IPVQ-ve 3.8 Strategjia dalëse e UNMIK-ut: nuk ka dalje pa strategji 123 128 130 138 144 147 150 151 KREU 4: POSTSTATUSI “PERSPEKTIVA EVROPIANE PARA STATUSIT TË KOSOVËS 4.1 Referendum! i premtuar, i parealizuar 4.2 Standardet para statusit 4.3 Standardet si sovraniteti me faza 4.4 Paradoksi institucional: pak kompetenca, shumë standarde 4.5 Eufemizmi “e ardhmja evropiane për Kosovën” 4.6 Plani Steiner: decentralizim vetëm për Veriun e Kosovës 4.7 Ngjarjet e marsit 6 154 156 161 162 165 168 172
Adem Beha 4.8 Status-quo-ja e paqëndrueshme 178 4.9 Zgjedhjet e 2004-s: kompetenca shtesë për Kosovën, presioni i shtuar për UNMIK-un 179 4.10 Planet dhe parimet ndërkombëtare për zgjidhjen e statusit të Kosovës 186 KREU 5: NEGOCIATAT E VJENËS DHE SHPALLJA E PAVARËSISË 5.1 Fazat e daljes së administrates ndërkombëtare nga Kosova 194 5.2 Paralajmërimi i një rreziku: një kryengritje e re e armatosur 198 5.3 Hapja e negociatave për statusin: faktorët strukturorë 200 5.4 Negociatat e Vjenës: Fillimisht teknike, pastaj politike 203 5.5 Plani gjithëpërfshirës i Marti Ahtisaarit 210 5.6 Ripozicionimi strategjik ndërkombëtar i Rusisë dhe SHBA-ve në präg të pavarësisë së Kosovës 212 5.7 “TUNG: Jo negociata, vetëvendosje! ” 214 5.8 Shpallja e Pavarësisë 219 KREU 6: SHTETI RI, AMBIGUITETIVJETER: PRANIA CIVILE NDËRKOMBËTARE PAS PAVARËSISË 6.1 Sovraniteti ligjor ndërkombëtar i Kosovës 6.2 Skenari i keq pas pavarësisë: Rezoluta 1244 de jure e vlefshme 6.3 Planifikimi i misionit të BE-së në Kosovë 6.4 Bashkimi Evropian si aktor shtetndërtues 6.5 Problemet me zbarkimin e misioneve të reja 6.6 Kompromisi me sovranitet 225 228 233 235 237 238 7
SHTETNDËRTIMI HIBRID 6.7 Tranzicioni 120-ditor 6.8 Metamorfoza e pranisë ndërkombëtare 6.8.1 UNMIK-u 6.8.2 ZCN 6.8.3 EULEX-i 243 248 248 249 252 KREU 7: TË DREJTAT E KOMUNITETEVE: NJË DRITARE PËR PAQE 7.1 Epërsia e Planit të Ahtisaarit 7.2 Kushtetuta e Kosovës 7.3 Barazia dhe të drejtat kulturore 7.4 Të drejtat për përfaqësim dhe vetëqeverisje 7.5 Etnicizimi i politikës 7.6 Rruga përpara KREU 8: NORMALIZIMI IMOSMARRËVESHJEVE APO MARRËVESHJE MBINORMALIZIMIN 8.1 Veriu i Kosovës si problem i pazgjidhur 8.2 Ahtisaari minus 8.3 Planet e Serbisë për Veriun e Kosovës 8.4 Plani i Stefan Lehne 8.5 BE si lehtësuese e dialogut Kosovë-Serbi 8.6 Mungesa e reciprocitetit 8.7 Rezoluta e Kosovës për normalizim 8.8 Riinterpretimi i Planit të Ahtisaarit 8.9 Marrëveshja e 19 prillit 8.10 Plani i veprimit për zbatimin e marrëveshjes 15-pikëshe 8.11 Kritikat ndaj Marrëveshjes së 19 Prillit dhe derivateve të saj 297 8 259 261 262 266 272 274 276 278 281 282 288 286 288 289 290 296
Adem Beha 18.12 Amnistia 8.13 Zgjedhjet lokale në Veri të Kosovës 8.14 Asociacioni i Komunave Serbe 8.15 Parimet për formimin e Asociacionit të komunave me shumicë serbe 300 302 306 KONKLUZIONET ANEKSI1: MODELIISHTETNDËRTIMITNËKOSOVË 316 338 339 BIBLIOGRAFIA 313 9
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Adem Beha Studime tematike Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Dilema etnike e Kosovës: nevoja për kontratë civile” (ICG Balkans Report N°143, 28 maj 2003). 2. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Dy në Tango: Agjendë për PSSP në Kosovë” (ICG Raporti i Raporti i Evropës N°148, 3 shtator 2003). 3. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Kosova: Drejt Statusti Final” (Rapor i Grupit të Krizave për Evropë No. 161,24 janar 2005). 4. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Kosova pas Haradinajt”, (Raport për Evropë i Grupit të Krizave, numër 163, 26 maj 2005). 5. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Kosova: Sfida e tranzicionit” (Raport për Evropë i Grupit të Krizave numër 170, 17 shkurt 2006). 6. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Kosova: Zgjedhje Historike” (Prishtinë, 21 nëntor 2001). 7. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Udhëzime Për Kosovën (II) Standarde të Brendshme” (Raporti 125 i ICG-së për Ballkanin, 1 mars, 2002). 8. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Zhbllokimi i Ngecjes në Kosovë: Përgjegjësi e Evropës (Raport për Evropë i Grupit të Krizave, Nr 185, 21 gusht 2007). 9. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Statusi i Kosovës: Shtyrja Sjell Rreziqe”, (Raport i Grupit të Krizave për Europë Nr.177, 10 nëntor 2006). 10. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Zhbllokimi i Ngecjes në Kosovë: Përgjegjësi e Evropës (Raport për Evropë i Grupit të Krizave, Nr 185, 21 gusht 2007). 11. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Tranzicion i brishtë në Kosovë”, (Raport për Evropë i Grupit Ndërkombëtar të Krizave Nr. 196, 25 shtator 2008). 12. “Guiding principles of the Contact Group for a settlement 1. 379
SHTETNDËRTIMI HIBRID 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 380 of the status of Kosovo”, Nëntor 2005. Qasur në http:// www.esiweb.org/pdf/kosovo_Contact%20Group%20-%20 Ten%20Guiding%20principles%20for%20Ahtisaari.pdf (1 korrik 2016). Independent International Commission on Kosovo, Kosovo Report: Conflict, International Response: Lessons Learned (Oxoford Univeristy Press, 2000). Institutcioni i Ombduspersonit të Kosovës, Raporti i Dytë Vjetor 2001-2002 adresuar z. Michael Steiner, Përfaqësuesit Special të Sekretarit të Përgjithsëm të Kombeve të Bashkuara (Prishtinë, 10 korrik 2002). Interim agreement for peace and self-government in Kosovo, 23 February 1999, The International Journal of Human Rights (2000), 4:3-4. International Court of Justice, “Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Indepedence in Republic of Kosovo, Advisory Opinion, I.CJ Report 2010”, 22 korrik 201. Qasur në http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/141/15987. pdf (15 korrik 2015). International Criminal Tribunal for the forrmer Yugoslavia, “Trial Judgement Summary for Radovan Karadzic”, The Hague, 24 mars 2006. Qasur në http://www.icty.Org/x/cases/karadzic/ tjug/en/160324_judgement_summary.pdf (23 shkurt 2015). International Crisis Group, “Protectorate”, (Balkan Report No 69, 20 June 1999). International Crisis Group, “Intermediate Sovreignty as a Basis for Resolving the Kosovo Crisis”, (ICG Balkan Report No 46, Brussels, 09 November 1998). International Commision on the Balkans, “The Balkans in Europe Future”, (Centre for Liberal Strategies, Sofia, 2005). International Crisis Group,
“The New Kosovo Protectorate” (ICG Balkan Report No 69, Sarajevo, 20 June 1999).
Adem Beha 22. International Crisis Group Udhëzime Për Kosovën (I) Shqyrtimi i Statusit Përfundimtar” (Raporti 125 i ICG-së për Ballkanin, 1 mars, 2002, Prishtinë/Brusel, 1 mars 2002). 23- International Crisis Group, “Starting from Scratch in Kosovo”, (Balkans Report No 83, 13 December 1999). 24. International Crisis Group, The Policing Gap: Law and Order in New Kosovo”, (ICG Balkan Report No 74, Prishtinë/ Pristina, 6 August 1999). 25. International Crisis Group, “Unifying the Kosovar Factions: The Way Forward” (ICG Balkan Report no 58, Brussels Tirana, 12 March 1999). 26. International Crisis Group, “Waiting for UNMIK: Local Administration in Kosovo”, (Prishtine, Pristina, 18 October 1999, ICG Balkan Report No 79). 27. International Crisis Group, “What Happened to KLA” (ICG Balkan Report No 88, Pristina/Eashington/Brussels, 3 March 2000). 28. ICG Balkans Report, “Elections in Kosovo: Moving Toward Democracy?”, 7 July 2000, Pristina, Washington/Brussels. 29. ICG, “Setting Kosovo Free: Remaining Challenges”, Europe Report N°218 - 10 September 2012. 30. ICG (2013), “Serbia and Kosovo: The Path to Normalization”, Europe Report No. 223, 19 shkurt 2013. 31. ICG (2012), “Kosovo and Serbia: A Little Goodwill Could Go a Long Way”. Europe Report No. 215, 2 shkurt 2012. 32. International Civilian Office, State Building and Exit: The International Civilian Office andKosovo”s SupervisedIndepedence 2008-2012”, (Pristina, Kosovo, December 2012). 33. United Nationl Secrutiy Counci, “A Comprehensive Review of the Situation in Kosovo” (The President of the Security Council, 7 October
2005). 34. UNDP, “Human Development Report 2004 Kosovo, “The Rise of the Citizen: Challenges and Choices” (Pristina, Kosova, 2004). 381
Shtetndërtimi hibrid 35. UNDP, Early Warning Reports, Kosovo, October - December 2005, p.8. Qasur në http://www.kosovo.undp.org/repository/ docs/ewrl2_eng.pdf ( 23 mars 2013). 36. Organizata për Siguri dhe Bashkëpunim në Evropë Misioni në Kosovë, “Gjykimet e Krimeve të Luftës në Kosovë: Një Vlerësim pas Dhjetë Viteve 1999-2009”, Prishtinë, maj 2009. 37. OSBE/HCMN, “The Lund Recommendations on the Effective Participation of National Minorities in Public Life Explanatory Note. September 2009. 38. OSBE, “Address on Minority Rights in Kosovo”, by Knut Vollebaek, Humanitarian Law Centre Conference on Minority Rights in Practice. Prishtinë, Kosovo, 11 shtator 2008. 39. OSBE, “Representation of Communities in the Civil Service in Kosovo”, Prishtine, shkurt 2013. 40. OSCE Mission in Kosovo, Department of Human Rights and Rule of Law, “Human rights challenges following the March riots, 2004”. 41. OSCE, “Parallel Structures in Kosovo”. Pristine, Tetor 2003. 42. OSCE, “Parallel Structures in Kosovo 2006-2007”.Pristinë, 2007. 43. D4D, “Agreements in None, Including its Name: Kicking the Can Will not Bring the Side Closer Around the Association/ Community”. Series: Scenarious, No. 1. Prishtina 2013. 44. GLPS dhe DPC, “EULEX (i) - Drejt Një Strategjie Përfundimtare: Fuqizimi i shtetit të së drejtës përmes integrimit në BE (Raport Politikash, Nr.05, prill 2014). 45. Qendra Kosovare për Studime të Sigurisë, “Barometri Kosovar i Sigurisë” (10 dhjetor 2012). 46. International Court of Justice (2010). Accordance With International Law ofthe Unilateral Declaration ofIndependence in Respect of
Kosovo. General List no. 141, 22 korrik 2010. 47. KIPRED (2013), “The Implementations of Agreements of Kosovo-Serbia: Political Dialogue”, Policy Paper, No.4/13, korrik 2013. 382
Adem Beha 48. Kosovar Institute for Policy Research and Development, “A Comprehensive Analysis of EULEX: What Next”, (Policy Paper No.1/13 - January 2013. 49. Kosovo Institute for Policy Research and Development, “Kosovo: The Unprecedented State”, (Pristina, korrik 2007). 50. Kosovar Center for Security Studies (2013), “Kosovo Security Barometer - The Voices of Kosovo: Insights and Perceptions”, 22 maj 2013. 51. Kosovo Institute of Peace (2013), “UNMIK After Kosovo Indepedence: Exit Strategy or “Exist” Strategy”. Prishtinë, Gusht 2013. 52. Stefan Lehne (2012), “Kosovo and Serbia: Toward a Normal Relationship”. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Mars 2012. Qasur në http://carnegieendoëment.org/files/ Kosovo_and_Serbia.pdf (14 dhjetor 2015). 53. OSCE, “Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe”, Qasur në http://www.osce.org/library/14087?download=true (11 mars 2016). 383
SHTETNDËRTIMI HIBRID Artikuj në medie Amnesty International Public Statement, “Kosovo: Rubber bullets srike again: Remember Mon Balaj and Arben Xheladini , AI Index: EUR 70/003/2015, 10 shkurt 2015. 2. Amnesty International Public Statement, “Kosovo: Mon Balaj and Arben Xheladini, died February 2007 — their families and other victims still wait for justice”, AI index EUR70/005/2014, 6 shkurt 2014. 3. Amnesty International, Romanian police must explain demonstration’s deaths”, 10 korrik2007. 4. Amnesty International, “A politically motivated prosecution?”, 11 dhjetor 2007. 5. Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo [S/2007/134] of 9 March 2007. 6. “Analistët amerikanë: Kompromise edhe nga Kosova edhe nga Serbia”. Kohanet. 15 dhjetor 2013. Qasur në http://time.ikub. al/edccaO 1 c02/c4614d99be0a304bcl 73e092aecea4f8/Lajm_ Analiste-amerikane-Kompromise-edhe-nga-Kosova-edhe-ngaSerbia.aspx (27 dhjetor 2013). 7. Asociacioni i Komunave të Kosovës (2010), “Statuti i Asociacionit të Komunave të Kosovës”. Prishtinë, qershor 2010. Qasur në http://komunat-ks.net/wp-content/ uploads/2011/11/Statuti-AKK.pdf (23 dhjetor 2013). 8. August Palokaj (2013), “Raportet Kosovë — BE: Historia e aspiratave të parealizuara? . Prishtinë, 2013, Fondacioni i Kosovës për Shoqëri të Hapur”, f. 5. Qasur në http://kfos.org/ wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Raportet-Kosove-BE-Historiae-aspiratave-te-parealizuara.pdf (4 nëntor 2013). 9. Augustin Palokaj, “EULEX-i nuk mund t”i ikë përgjegjësisë për dështimet në Kosovë”. Kohanet. (28 shtator 2014). 10. “Berlini
kritikon policinë e EULEX-it për dështime, Indeksonline. Shih http://www.telegrafi.com/berlini-kritikon- 1. 384
Adem Beha policine-e-eulex-it-per-deshtime/ (24 korrik2016). 11. Bojana Barlovac, “Kosovo and Serbia Reach Historic Deal in Brussels”, BIRN, Belgrade, 19 April 2013. Në dispozicion në http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/neni/kosovo-and-serbiamay-seal-eu-deal (qasur më 16 tetor 2013). 12. DSS calls on Serbs to boycott local elections in Kosovo”. Tanjug, 30 gusht 2013. Qasur në http://www.b92.net/eng/news/ politics.php?yyyy=2013 mm=08 dd=30 nav_id=87509 (5 janar 2013). 13. DS: Zgjedhjet e 3 nëntorit në Kosovë, historike”. Kohanet, 30 tetor 2013. Qasur në, http://www.koha. net/?page= 1,13,163821 (20 janar 2013). 14. Edona Peci, “Marrëveshja e 19 prillit neutrale ndaj statusit”. Gazeta Jeta në Kosovë, 27 maj 2013. Qasur në http://gazetajnk. com/?cid= 1,1018,5662 (17 dhjetor 2013); “Marrëveshja e 19 prillit cenon Kushtetutën”. Kohanet, 19 gusht 2013. Qasur në http://www.koha.net/?page=l, 13,155925 (20 dhjetor 2013). 15. Edona Peci, “Kosovo Sets Date for Local Elections”. BIRN, Pristina, 3 korik 2013. Qasur në http://www.balkaninsight.com/ en/article/kosovo-sets-date-for-local-elections (25 janar 2013). 16. Edona Peci, “Kosovo Nationalists to Rally Against Serbia Deal”, Balkan Insight, 26 June 2013. Qasur nëhttp://www. balkaninsight.com/en/neni/opposition-questiones-Prishtinë-simpact-on-local-election-date (16 tetor 2013). 17. “Implementation Plan”. Shih http://euobserver.com/media/ src/0807580ad8281aefa2a89e38c49689f9.pdf (5 janar 2014). 18. “Jacobson: Të vëmendshëm, që të mos krijohet një Republikë Serbe”. Bota Sot, 04 dhjetor 2013. Qasur në http://www.
botasot.info/kosova/255257/jacobson-te-vemendshem-qe-temos-krijohet-nje-republike-serbe/ (23 dhjetor 2013). 19. Kosovo and Serbia: A breakthrough at last”. The Economist, 20 prill 2013. Qasur http://www.economist.com/blogs/ easternapproaches/2013/04/serbia-and-kosovo-0 (14 dhjetor 2013). 385
SHTETNDËRTIMI HIBRID 20. “Kosovo Serbs, officials discuss elections”. Tanjug, 19 korrik 2013. Qasur në http://www.b92. net/eng/neës/politics.php? yyyy=2013 mm=07 dd=19 nav_id-86998 (6 janar 2 013). 21. Komisioni Qendër Zgjedhor, “Rezultatet përfundimtare të kandidatëve”, zgjedhjet 2014. Qasur në http://www.kqz-ks. org/Uploads/Documents/20140701 %20Candidates%20 Seats%20Allocation_bspffiqcvtz.pdf (23 prill 2015). 22. “Kuvendi miraton marrjen e masave të reciprocitetit ndaj Serbisë , Radio Europa eLirë, 2 gusht 2013. Qasur në http://www. evropaelire.org/content/neës/24414658.html (2 nëntor 2013). 23. Piotr Smolar, “Serbia and Kosovo sign historic agreement”. The Guardian, 30 prill 2013. Qasur në http://ëëë.theguardian. com/world/2013/apr/30/serbia-kosovo-historic-agreementbrussels (5 dhjetor 2013). 24. “Presidentes iu dorëzua peticioni kundër Ligjit të amnistisë”. Kohanet, 19 korrik 2013. Qasur në http://www.koha. net/?page= 1,13,152797 (5 janar 2014). 25. Rrezarta Zekaj, “20 13 Një vit vendimtar për paqe mes Kosovës dhe Serbisë”. RTKlive. Qasur në http://www.rtklive.com/neë/ radiokosova/?cid=2 neësId=89061 mfU2!8i@Z vm-5f*V 7vIazF-m)/01rmHx (5 dhjetor 2013). 26. State Union ofSerbia and Montenegro, “Constitutional Charter of the State Union Serbia and Montenegro”, 2002. Qasur në http://www.worldstatesmen.org/SerbMont_Const_2003.pdf (5 korrik 2015). 27. Tanjug, “EU dissatisfied with electoral reform in Kosovo”, 20 April €012. Qasur ne http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics. php?yyyy=2012 mm=04 dd=20 nav_id=79861 (10 janar 2014). 28. Zyra e Kryeministrit, “Asociacioni/Bashkësia
e komunave me shumicë serbe në Kosovë — Parime e përgjithshme/Elementet kryesore”, 25 gusht2015. Qasur në http://www.kryeministriks.net/repository/docs/Asociacioni_perkthimi_shqip_-_final. pdf (19 prill 2016). 386
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ADEM Beha PËRMBAJTJA LISTA E TABELAVE DHE E FIGURAVE AKRONIME DHE SHKURTESA FALËNDERIME HYRJE METODAT DHE QASJET Rasti i studimit (case study) Analiza e diskursit dhe analiza e përmbajtjes (Discourse Analysis/Content Analysis) Gjurmimi i procesit (process tracing) KREU 1: KORNIZA TEORIKE 1. Paqendërtimi dhe shtetndërtimi 1.1 . Shteti 1.2 Drejtpeshimi 1.3 Pronësia vendore dhe stabiliteti 2. Të drejtat e pakicave dhe autonomia vetëqeverisëse 2.1 Teoria e Will Kymlicka-s për të drejtat e pakicave 2.2 Autonomia dhe vetëqeverisja SFONDI HISTORIK: RRUGA NGA REGJIMI SERB TEK ADMINISTRIMINDËRKOMBËTAR KREU 2: SHTETNDËRTIMI PA SHTET 2.1 Administrimi ndërkombëtar: nga Danzingu në Kosovë 2.2 UNMIK-u si “shtet Surrogat” 2.3 Ambiguiteti konstruktiv si strategji për menaxhim të konfliktit 2.4 E ardhmja ambige e Kosovës nëpër fazat e administrimit ndërkombëtar 10 11 13 16 26 28 31 34 36 42 44 45 48 48 53 57 69 72 80 84 5
Shtetndërtimi hibrid 2.5 Strukturat paralele dhe hibriditeti 2.6 Tensionet intraetnike dhe interetnike 2.7 Zgjedhjet si "blerje" e stabilitetit 2.8 Institucionet së pari, pastaj demokracia 2.9 Gjithëpushtetshmëria e shtetndërtuesve 2.10 Shtetndërtimi si proces teknik, jo politik 2.11 Menyja e opsioneve për statusin 90 92 98 102 109 112 117 KREU 3: DIZAJNI INSTITUCIONAL 3.1 Pronësia vendore në kushtetutbërje 3.2 Kushtetuta pa shtet: “Kornizë apo Kushtetutë?” 3.3 Korniza Kushtetuese si Marrëveshje e Rambujesë 3.4 Dizajni i sistemit zgjedhor “për demokraci shumetnike” 3.5 “Zgjedhjet historike” 3.6 Koalicioni i madh i stabilitetit 3.7 Çarja e madhe mes UNMIK-ut dhe IPVQ-ve 3.8 Strategjia dalëse e UNMIK-ut: nuk ka dalje pa strategji 123 128 130 138 144 147 150 151 KREU 4: POSTSTATUSI “PERSPEKTIVA EVROPIANE" PARA STATUSIT TË KOSOVËS 4.1 Referendum! i premtuar, i parealizuar 4.2 Standardet para statusit 4.3 Standardet si sovraniteti me faza 4.4 Paradoksi institucional: pak kompetenca, shumë standarde 4.5 Eufemizmi “e ardhmja evropiane për Kosovën” 4.6 Plani Steiner: decentralizim vetëm për Veriun e Kosovës 4.7 Ngjarjet e marsit 6 154 156 161 162 165 168 172
Adem Beha 4.8 Status-quo-ja e paqëndrueshme 178 4.9 Zgjedhjet e 2004-s: kompetenca shtesë për Kosovën, presioni i shtuar për UNMIK-un 179 4.10 Planet dhe parimet ndërkombëtare për zgjidhjen e statusit të Kosovës 186 KREU 5: NEGOCIATAT E VJENËS DHE SHPALLJA E PAVARËSISË 5.1 Fazat e daljes së administrates ndërkombëtare nga Kosova 194 5.2 Paralajmërimi i një rreziku: një kryengritje e re e armatosur 198 5.3 Hapja e negociatave për statusin: faktorët strukturorë 200 5.4 Negociatat e Vjenës: Fillimisht teknike, pastaj politike 203 5.5 Plani gjithëpërfshirës i Marti Ahtisaarit 210 5.6 Ripozicionimi strategjik ndërkombëtar i Rusisë dhe SHBA-ve në präg të pavarësisë së Kosovës 212 5.7 “TUNG: Jo negociata, vetëvendosje! ” 214 5.8 Shpallja e Pavarësisë 219 KREU 6: SHTETI RI, AMBIGUITETIVJETER: PRANIA CIVILE NDËRKOMBËTARE PAS PAVARËSISË 6.1 Sovraniteti ligjor ndërkombëtar i Kosovës 6.2 Skenari i keq pas pavarësisë: Rezoluta 1244 de jure e vlefshme 6.3 Planifikimi i misionit të BE-së në Kosovë 6.4 Bashkimi Evropian si aktor shtetndërtues 6.5 Problemet me zbarkimin e misioneve të reja 6.6 Kompromisi me sovranitet 225 228 233 235 237 238 7
SHTETNDËRTIMI HIBRID 6.7 Tranzicioni 120-ditor 6.8 Metamorfoza e pranisë ndërkombëtare 6.8.1 UNMIK-u 6.8.2 ZCN 6.8.3 EULEX-i 243 248 248 249 252 KREU 7: TË DREJTAT E KOMUNITETEVE: NJË DRITARE PËR PAQE 7.1 Epërsia e Planit të Ahtisaarit 7.2 Kushtetuta e Kosovës 7.3 Barazia dhe të drejtat kulturore 7.4 Të drejtat për përfaqësim dhe vetëqeverisje 7.5 Etnicizimi i politikës 7.6 Rruga përpara KREU 8: NORMALIZIMI IMOSMARRËVESHJEVE APO MARRËVESHJE MBINORMALIZIMIN 8.1 Veriu i Kosovës si problem i pazgjidhur 8.2 Ahtisaari minus 8.3 Planet e Serbisë për Veriun e Kosovës 8.4 Plani i Stefan Lehne 8.5 BE si lehtësuese e dialogut Kosovë-Serbi 8.6 Mungesa e reciprocitetit 8.7 Rezoluta e Kosovës për normalizim 8.8 Riinterpretimi i Planit të Ahtisaarit 8.9 Marrëveshja e 19 prillit 8.10 Plani i veprimit për zbatimin e marrëveshjes 15-pikëshe 8.11 Kritikat ndaj Marrëveshjes së 19 Prillit dhe derivateve të saj 297 8 259 261 262 266 272 274 276 278 281 282 288 286 288 289 290 296
Adem Beha 18.12 Amnistia 8.13 Zgjedhjet lokale në Veri të Kosovës 8.14 Asociacioni i Komunave Serbe 8.15 Parimet për formimin e Asociacionit të komunave me shumicë serbe 300 302 306 KONKLUZIONET ANEKSI1: MODELIISHTETNDËRTIMITNËKOSOVË 316 338 339 BIBLIOGRAFIA 313 9
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Shtetndërtimi 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 372 hibrid Ligji Nr. 04/L-209 Për Amnistinë, Kuvendi i Kosovës, 11 korrik 2013. Qasur në http://www.kuvendikosoves.org/common/ docs/ligjet/Ligji%20per%20amnistine.pdf (27 dhjetor 2013). Ligji Nr. 03/L-073 Për Zgjedhjet e Përgjithshme në Republikën e Kosovës, 15 qershor 2008. Law no. 04/L-010 On Inter-Municipal Cooperation”. Assembly of Kosovo, 21 korrik 2011, Neni 9. Qasur në http://www.kuvendikosoves.org/common/docs/ligjet/Laë%20 on%20intermunicipal%20cooperation.pdf (5 janar 2014). LIGJI NR. 05/L-069 Për Ratifikimin E Marrëveshjes së Stabilizim Asociimit ndërmjet Republikës së Kosovës, në njërën anë, dhe Bashkimit Evropian dhe Komunitetit Evropian të Energjisë Atomike, në anën tjetër”. Shih ligjin: https://gzk. rks-gov.net/ActDocumentDetail.aspx?ActID=l 1239 (Qasur me 16 qershor 2016). Assembly of Kosovo, “Resolution on Normalization of Relationships between Republic of Kosovo and Republic of Serbia”, Rez. Nr. 04-R-08, 18 tetor 2012.Qasur në “http:// www.kuvendikosoves.org/common/docs/Rezolution_ relationships_Kosovo_Serbia.pdf (23 dhjetor 2013). Procesverbal i Kuvendit të Kosovës, “Seanca e jashtëzakonshme e Kuvendit”, 22 prill 2013. Qasur http://www.kuvendikosoves . org/?cid=l, 128,5582 (4 dhjetor 2013). Zyra e Kryeministrit të Kosovës, “Strategjia Kombëtare për Zhvillim 2016-2021”
Adem Beha Rregulloret e UNMIK-ut UNMIK /Reg/2000/7, “Amendanment i Rregullores Nr. 1996/16 Të UNMIK -ut Per Themelimin e Organit Qendror Fiskal të Kosovës dhe Çështje tëTjera Lidhur me të”, 18 Shkurt 2000. 2. UNMIK /Rreg/2000/11, “Për Themelimin e Departamentit Administrativ të Arsimit Dhe Shkencës”, 3 Mars 2000. 3. UNMIK/Rreg/2000/01 “Mbi Strukturen e Përbashkët të Pwrkohshme Administrative të Kosovës”, 14 janar 2000. 4. UNMIK/Reg/2000/39 “Mbi Zgjedhjet Komunale në Kosovë”, 8 korrik 2000. 5. UNMIK/REG/2000/47 “On the Status, Privileges and Immunities of KFOR and UNMIK and Their Personnel in Kosovo”, 18 gusht 2000. 6. UNMIK/Rreg/1999/1, “Për Autorizimet e Administratës së Përkohshme në Kosovë”, 25 Qershor 1999. 7. UNMIK Rreg/2001/9, “Constitutional Framework for Provisional Self-Government in Kosovo”, 15 maj 2001. Qasur ne http://www.assembly-kosova.org/common/docs/ FrameworkPocket_ENG_Dec2002.pdf (4 prill 2015). 8. UNMIK/Rreg./1999/24, “Për Ligjin në Fuqi në Kosovw”, 12 dhjetor 1999. 9. UNMIK/Reg/2000/16 “Për Regjistrimin dhe Veprimin e Partive Politike në Kosovë, 21 mars 2000. 10. UNMIK /Rreg/2000/12, “Për Themelimin e Departamentit Administrativ të Shërbimeve Publike”, 14 Mars 2000. 11. UNMIK /Reg/2000/13, “Mbi Zyren Qendrore të Regjistrimit Civil”, 17 Mars 2000. 12. UNMIK /Reg/2000/15, “Për Themelimin e Departamentit Administrativ Të Drejtësisë", 21 Mars 2000. 1. 373
SHTETNDËRTIMI HIBRID 13. UNMIK /Reg/2000/20, “Mbi Administratën dhe Procedurat Tatimore”, 12 Prill 2000. 14. UNMIK /Rreg/2000/21, “Për Themelimin e Komisionit Qendror të Zgjedhjeve", 18 Prill 2000. 15. UNMIK/Reg/2000/23, “Për Themelimin e Departamentit Administrativ të Postës Dhe Telekomunikacionit”, 21 Prill 2000. 16. UNMIK /Reg/2000/24, “Për Themelimin e Departamentit Administrativ të Punës dhe Punësimit”, 21 Prill 2000. 17. UNMIK /Reg/2000/27, “Mbi Themelimin e Departamanetit Administrativ të Bujqësisë, Pylltarisë Dhe të Zhvillimit të Fshatit, 28 Prill 2000. 18. UNMIK/Reg/2000/38, “Mbi Themelimin e Institucionit të Ombudspersonit në Kosovë”, 30 Qershor 2000. 19. UNMIK /Reg/2000/63, “Për Themelimin e Departamentit Administrativ Të Tregtisë Dhe Industrisë”, 7 Dhjetor 2000. 20. UNMIK /Reg/2000/22, “Ndryshim i Rregullores Nr. 1999/27 Mbi Miratimin e Buxhetit të Konsoliduar të Kosovës dhe miratimin e shpenzimeve për periudhën 1 Janar - 31 Dhjetor 2000”, 22 Prill 2000. 21. UNMIK, “Standards for Kosovo”, Pristina, 10 dhjetor 2003. Qasur nw http://www.securitycouncilreport. org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/Kos%20Standards.pdf (26 korrik 2016). 22. UNOSEC, “Comprehensive Proposal for the Kosovo Status Settlement”. UN doc S/2007/168 (26 March 2007), Qasur http://www.unosek.org/docref/Comprehensive_proposalenglish.pdf (15 dhjetor 2015). 374
Adem Beha Aktet juridike të EULEX-it 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Council Decision 2010/322/CFSP of 8 June 2010 amending and extending Joint Action 2008/124/CFSP on the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo, EULEX Kosovo. Council Decision 2012/291/CFSP of 5 June 2012 amending and extending Joint Action 2008/124/CFSP on the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo, EULEX Kosovo. Council Decision (CFSP) 2016/947 of 14 June 2016 amending Joint Action 2008/124/CFSP on the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo* (EULEX Kosovo). Council of Europe, “Code of Good Practice in the Field of Political Parties”, European Commision for Democracy Through Law (Venice Commision), Study No. 414/2006. Council of the European Union (2012),“ Council Conclusions on Enlargement and Stabilisation and Association Process”. 3210th meeting, Brussels, 11 dhjetor 2012. Council Decision 2009/906/CFSP of 8 December 2009 on the European Union Police Mission (EUPM) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), 2009 OJ. (L 322) (9 dhjetor 2009). Council Joint Action 2003/681/CFSP of 29 September 2003 on the European Union Police Mission in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 2003 O.J. (L 249) (1 tetor 2003). Council Joint Action 2008/124/CFSP of 4 February 2008 on the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo. 375
Shtetndërtimi hibrid Aktgjykimet e Gjykatës Kushtetuese të Kosovës 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 376 Gjykata Kushtetuese, “Aktgjykim në Rastin Nr, KO95/13 Parashtrues Visar Ymeri dhe 11 deputetë të tjerë të Kuvendit të Republikës së Kosovës: Vlerësimi i kushtetutshmërisë së Ligjit Nr. 04/L-1999, për ratifikimin e Marrëveshjes së parë ndërkombëtare të parimeve që rregullojnë normalizmin e marrëdhënieve ndërmjet Republikës së Kosovës dhe Republikës së Serbisë dhe të Planit të zbatimit për këtë marrëveshje". Prishtinë, 9 shtator 2013, Nr.ref. AGJ 469/13. Qasur në http://www.gjk-ks.org/repository/docs/ gjkk_ko_95_13_shq.pdf (17 nëntor 2013). Gjykata Kushtetuese, "Aktgjykim në rastin nr. KO 130/15 lidhur me vlerësimin e përputhshmërisë së parimeve që përmban dokumenti i titulluar “Asociacioni/Bashkësia e komunave me shumicë serbe në Kosovë — Parimet e përgjithshme/Elementet kryesore” me frymën e Kushtetutës, me nenin 3 [Barazia para Ligjit], paragrafi 1, me Kapitullin II [Të Drejtat dhe Liritë Themelore] dhe Kapitullin III [Të Drejtat e Komuniteteve dhe Pjesëtarëve të tyre] të Kushtetutës së Republikës së Kosovës”, Prishtinë, 23 dhjetor 2015. Qasur në http://www.gjk-ks.org/ repository/docs/gjk_ko_130_15_shq.pdf (5 prill 2016). Gjykata Kushtetuese, “Aktgjykim në Rastin Nr. KO 108/13 ParashturesAlbulena Haxhiu dhe 12 deputetë të tj erë të Kuvendit të Republikës së Kosovës: Vlerësimi i kushtetutshmërisë së Ligjit, Nr. 04/L-209, për Amnisti”. Prishtinë, 9 shtator 2013, Nr. Ref. AGJ 471/13, Pika 84. Qasur http://www.gjk-ks.org/ repository/docs/gjkk_ko_108_13_shq.pdf (20 nëntor 2013). Gjykata
Kushtetuese, “ Mendimi Konkurrues i Gjyqtarit Almiro Rodrigues”. Prishtinë, 9 shtator 2013, Nr. Ref. MKM 472/13. Qasur në http://www.gjk-ks.org/repository/docs/ gjkk_ko_108_13_mkm_l_shq.pdf (22 nëntor 2013). Gjykata Kushtetuese, “Mendimi Konkurrues i Gjyqtarit Robert Carolan. Prishtinë, 9 shtator 2013, Nr. Ref. MKM 468/13. Qasur në http://www.gjk-ks.org/repository/docs/ gjkk_ko_108_13_mkm_shq.pdf (23 nëntor 2013).
Adem Beha Raporte, rezoluta dhe studime të institucioneve evropiane 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. European Council, EU Comprehensive Concept for Strengthening of Local Police Missions, Council Doc. 9535/02 (31 maj 2002). Eurpean Commision, “Kosovo 2010 Progress Report”, SEC (2010) 1329, Bruksel, 9 nëntor 2010. European Comission, “Kosovo 2011 Progress Report”, SEC (2011) 1207, Brussels, 12 tetor 2011. European Commission (2007), “Guidelines for Integrated Border Management” Qasur në http://ec.europa.eu/ enlargement/pdf/ financial_assistance/cards/publications/ibm_ guidelines_en.pdf (24 nëntor 2013). European Commission (2013), “EU starts the Stabilisation and Association Agreement negotiations with Kosovo”. MEMO/13/983,28.10.2013. Qasur në http://europa.eu/rapid/ press-release_MEMO-13-938_en.htm (27 dhjetor 2013). European Commission (2013), “Communication from the Commision to the European Parliament and the Council on a Feasibility Study for a Stabilisation and Association Agreement betëeen the European Union and Kosovo”. Brussels, 10.10.2012, COM(2012) 602 final. European Parliament (2013), “Motion for a Resolution to to wind up the debate on the statement by the Commission pursuant to Rule 110(2) of the Rules of Procedure on the European Integration Process of Kosovo (2013/0000(RSP))”. B7-0000/2013, 18.10.2013. Qasur në http://www. europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/afet/ re/1007/1007236/1007236en.pdf (30 dhjetor 2013). European Commission (2013), “Recommandation for a Council Decision Authorising the Opening of Negotiations on a Stabilisation and Association
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Shtetndërtimi hibrid 34836/06), Judgment” (Strasbourg, 22 dhjetor 2009). 10. “European Community: Declaration on Yugoslavia and on the Guidelines on the Recognition of New States”, International Legal Materials, Vol. 31, No. 6 (Nëntor 1992). 11. EU Council ““EU Council Conclusions on Kosovo,” 18 shkurt 2018. Qasur në http://www.eu2008.si/si/News_and_ Documents/Council_Conclusions/February/0218_GAERC5. pdf (5 qershor 2016). 12. European Court of Auditors, “European Union Assistance to Kosovo Related to the Rule of Law”, (Special Report No. 19,2012). 13. EU Security Strategy, “A Secure Europe in a Secure World” (Brussels, Dhjetor 2003). 14. European Court of Human Rights, “Case of Sejdic and Finci v. Bosnia and Herzegovina (Applications nos 27996/06 and 34836/06), Judgment” (Strasbourg, 22 dhjetor 2009). 15. European Commuission, “Commision Staff Working Document: Kosovo 2015 Report” (Brussells, 10, 11. 2015) SWD (2015) 215 fianl). 16. Counicil of the European Union, “Stabilisation and Association agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, of the one part, and Kosovo*, of the other part”, Brussels, 2 October 2015. 10728/1/15. Qasur në http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST- 107282015-REV-l/en/pdf (16 qershor 2016). 17- Council ofEurope, “European Charter ofLocal Self-Government”. Srasbourg, 15 tetor 1985. Qasur në http://conventions.coe.int/ Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/122.htm (30 dhjetor 2013). 18. Raporti i Progresit 2013 për Kosovën”. Bruksel, 16. 10.2013. SWD (20130 416). Shih http://www.mei-ks.net/repository/ docs/1 FINAL-ALB_MIE-
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Adem Beha Studime tematike Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Dilema etnike e Kosovës: nevoja për kontratë civile” (ICG Balkans Report N°143, 28 maj 2003). 2. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Dy në Tango: Agjendë për PSSP në Kosovë” (ICG Raporti i Raporti i Evropës N°148, 3 shtator 2003). 3. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Kosova: Drejt Statusti Final” (Rapor i Grupit të Krizave për Evropë No. 161,24 janar 2005). 4. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Kosova pas Haradinajt”, (Raport për Evropë i Grupit të Krizave, numër 163, 26 maj 2005). 5. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Kosova: Sfida e tranzicionit” (Raport për Evropë i Grupit të Krizave numër 170, 17 shkurt 2006). 6. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Kosova: Zgjedhje Historike” (Prishtinë, 21 nëntor 2001). 7. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Udhëzime Për Kosovën (II) Standarde të Brendshme” (Raporti 125 i ICG-së për Ballkanin, 1 mars, 2002). 8. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Zhbllokimi i Ngecjes në Kosovë: Përgjegjësi e Evropës (Raport për Evropë i Grupit të Krizave, Nr 185, 21 gusht 2007). 9. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Statusi i Kosovës: Shtyrja Sjell Rreziqe”, (Raport i Grupit të Krizave për Europë Nr.177, 10 nëntor 2006). 10. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Zhbllokimi i Ngecjes në Kosovë: Përgjegjësi e Evropës (Raport për Evropë i Grupit të Krizave, Nr 185, 21 gusht 2007). 11. Grupi Ndërkombëtar i Krizave, “Tranzicion i brishtë në Kosovë”, (Raport për Evropë i Grupit Ndërkombëtar të Krizave Nr. 196, 25 shtator 2008). 12. “Guiding principles of the Contact Group for a settlement 1. 379
SHTETNDËRTIMI HIBRID 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 380 of the status of Kosovo”, Nëntor 2005. Qasur në http:// www.esiweb.org/pdf/kosovo_Contact%20Group%20-%20 Ten%20Guiding%20principles%20for%20Ahtisaari.pdf (1 korrik 2016). Independent International Commission on Kosovo, Kosovo Report: Conflict, International Response: Lessons Learned (Oxoford Univeristy Press, 2000). Institutcioni i Ombduspersonit të Kosovës, Raporti i Dytë Vjetor 2001-2002 adresuar z. Michael Steiner, Përfaqësuesit Special të Sekretarit të Përgjithsëm të Kombeve të Bashkuara (Prishtinë, 10 korrik 2002). Interim agreement for peace and self-government in Kosovo, 23 February 1999, The International Journal of Human Rights (2000), 4:3-4. International Court of Justice, “Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Indepedence in Republic of Kosovo, Advisory Opinion, I.CJ Report 2010”, 22 korrik 201. Qasur në http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/141/15987. pdf (15 korrik 2015). International Criminal Tribunal for the forrmer Yugoslavia, “Trial Judgement Summary for Radovan Karadzic”, The Hague, 24 mars 2006. Qasur në http://www.icty.Org/x/cases/karadzic/ tjug/en/160324_judgement_summary.pdf (23 shkurt 2015). International Crisis Group, “Protectorate”, (Balkan Report No 69, 20 June 1999). International Crisis Group, “Intermediate Sovreignty as a Basis for Resolving the Kosovo Crisis”, (ICG Balkan Report No 46, Brussels, 09 November 1998). International Commision on the Balkans, “The Balkans in Europe Future”, (Centre for Liberal Strategies, Sofia, 2005). International Crisis Group,
“The New Kosovo Protectorate” (ICG Balkan Report No 69, Sarajevo, 20 June 1999).
Adem Beha 22. International Crisis Group "Udhëzime Për Kosovën (I) Shqyrtimi i Statusit Përfundimtar” (Raporti 125 i ICG-së për Ballkanin, 1 mars, 2002, Prishtinë/Brusel, 1 mars 2002). 23- International Crisis Group, “Starting from Scratch in Kosovo”, (Balkans Report No 83, 13 December 1999). 24. International Crisis Group, "The Policing Gap: Law and Order in New Kosovo”, (ICG Balkan Report No 74, Prishtinë/ Pristina, 6 August 1999). 25. International Crisis Group, “Unifying the Kosovar Factions: The Way Forward” (ICG Balkan Report no 58, Brussels Tirana, 12 March 1999). 26. International Crisis Group, “Waiting for UNMIK: Local Administration in Kosovo”, (Prishtine, Pristina, 18 October 1999, ICG Balkan Report No 79). 27. International Crisis Group, “What Happened to KLA” (ICG Balkan Report No 88, Pristina/Eashington/Brussels, 3 March 2000). 28. ICG Balkans Report, “Elections in Kosovo: Moving Toward Democracy?”, 7 July 2000, Pristina, Washington/Brussels. 29. ICG, “Setting Kosovo Free: Remaining Challenges”, Europe Report N°218 - 10 September 2012. 30. ICG (2013), “Serbia and Kosovo: The Path to Normalization”, Europe Report No. 223, 19 shkurt 2013. 31. ICG (2012), “Kosovo and Serbia: A Little Goodwill Could Go a Long Way”. Europe Report No. 215, 2 shkurt 2012. 32. International Civilian Office, State Building and Exit: The International Civilian Office andKosovo”s SupervisedIndepedence 2008-2012”, (Pristina, Kosovo, December 2012). 33. United Nationl Secrutiy Counci, “A Comprehensive Review of the Situation in Kosovo” (The President of the Security Council, 7 October
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Shtetndërtimi hibrid 35. UNDP, Early Warning Reports, Kosovo, October - December 2005, p.8. Qasur në http://www.kosovo.undp.org/repository/ docs/ewrl2_eng.pdf ( 23 mars 2013). 36. Organizata për Siguri dhe Bashkëpunim në Evropë Misioni në Kosovë, “Gjykimet e Krimeve të Luftës në Kosovë: Një Vlerësim pas Dhjetë Viteve 1999-2009”, Prishtinë, maj 2009. 37. OSBE/HCMN, “The Lund Recommendations on the Effective Participation of National Minorities in Public Life Explanatory Note. September 2009. 38. OSBE, “Address on Minority Rights in Kosovo”, by Knut Vollebaek, Humanitarian Law Centre Conference on Minority Rights in Practice. Prishtinë, Kosovo, 11 shtator 2008. 39. OSBE, “Representation of Communities in the Civil Service in Kosovo”, Prishtine, shkurt 2013. 40. OSCE Mission in Kosovo, Department of Human Rights and Rule of Law, “Human rights challenges following the March riots, 2004”. 41. OSCE, “Parallel Structures in Kosovo”. Pristine, Tetor 2003. 42. OSCE, “Parallel Structures in Kosovo 2006-2007”.Pristinë, 2007. 43. D4D, “Agreements in None, Including its Name: Kicking the Can Will not Bring the Side Closer Around the Association/ Community”. Series: Scenarious, No. 1. Prishtina 2013. 44. GLPS dhe DPC, “EULEX (i) - Drejt Një Strategjie Përfundimtare: Fuqizimi i shtetit të së drejtës përmes integrimit në BE (Raport Politikash, Nr.05, prill 2014). 45. Qendra Kosovare për Studime të Sigurisë, “Barometri Kosovar i Sigurisë” (10 dhjetor 2012). 46. International Court of Justice (2010). Accordance With International Law ofthe Unilateral Declaration ofIndependence in Respect of
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Adem Beha 48. Kosovar Institute for Policy Research and Development, “A Comprehensive Analysis of EULEX: What Next”, (Policy Paper No.1/13 - January 2013. 49. Kosovo Institute for Policy Research and Development, “Kosovo: The Unprecedented State”, (Pristina, korrik 2007). 50. Kosovar Center for Security Studies (2013), “Kosovo Security Barometer - The Voices of Kosovo: Insights and Perceptions”, 22 maj 2013. 51. Kosovo Institute of Peace (2013), “UNMIK After Kosovo Indepedence: Exit Strategy or “Exist” Strategy”. Prishtinë, Gusht 2013. 52. Stefan Lehne (2012), “Kosovo and Serbia: Toward a Normal Relationship”. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Mars 2012. Qasur në http://carnegieendoëment.org/files/ Kosovo_and_Serbia.pdf (14 dhjetor 2015). 53. OSCE, “Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe”, Qasur në http://www.osce.org/library/14087?download=true (11 mars 2016). 383
SHTETNDËRTIMI HIBRID Artikuj në medie Amnesty International Public Statement, “Kosovo: Rubber bullets srike again: Remember Mon Balaj and Arben Xheladini", AI Index: EUR 70/003/2015, 10 shkurt 2015. 2. Amnesty International Public Statement, “Kosovo: Mon Balaj and Arben Xheladini, died February 2007 — their families and other victims still wait for justice”, AI index EUR70/005/2014, 6 shkurt 2014. 3. Amnesty International, Romanian police must explain demonstration’s deaths”, 10 korrik2007. 4. Amnesty International, “A politically motivated prosecution?”, 11 dhjetor 2007. 5. Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo [S/2007/134] of 9 March 2007. 6. “Analistët amerikanë: Kompromise edhe nga Kosova edhe nga Serbia”. Kohanet. 15 dhjetor 2013. Qasur në http://time.ikub. al/edccaO 1 c02/c4614d99be0a304bcl 73e092aecea4f8/Lajm_ Analiste-amerikane-Kompromise-edhe-nga-Kosova-edhe-ngaSerbia.aspx (27 dhjetor 2013). 7. Asociacioni i Komunave të Kosovës (2010), “Statuti i Asociacionit të Komunave të Kosovës”. Prishtinë, qershor 2010. Qasur në http://komunat-ks.net/wp-content/ uploads/2011/11/Statuti-AKK.pdf (23 dhjetor 2013). 8. August Palokaj (2013), “Raportet Kosovë — BE: Historia e aspiratave të parealizuara?". Prishtinë, 2013, Fondacioni i Kosovës për Shoqëri të Hapur”, f. 5. Qasur në http://kfos.org/ wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Raportet-Kosove-BE-Historiae-aspiratave-te-parealizuara.pdf (4 nëntor 2013). 9. Augustin Palokaj, “EULEX-i nuk mund t”i ikë përgjegjësisë për dështimet në Kosovë”. Kohanet. (28 shtator 2014). 10. “Berlini
kritikon policinë e EULEX-it për dështime, Indeksonline. Shih http://www.telegrafi.com/berlini-kritikon- 1. 384
Adem Beha policine-e-eulex-it-per-deshtime/ (24 korrik2016). 11. Bojana Barlovac, “Kosovo and Serbia Reach Historic Deal in Brussels”, BIRN, Belgrade, 19 April 2013. Në dispozicion në http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/neni/kosovo-and-serbiamay-seal-eu-deal (qasur më 16 tetor 2013). 12. DSS calls on Serbs to boycott local elections in Kosovo”. Tanjug, 30 gusht 2013. Qasur në http://www.b92.net/eng/news/ politics.php?yyyy=2013 mm=08 dd=30 nav_id=87509 (5 janar 2013). 13. DS: Zgjedhjet e 3 nëntorit në Kosovë, historike”. Kohanet, 30 tetor 2013. Qasur në, http://www.koha. net/?page= 1,13,163821 (20 janar 2013). 14. Edona Peci, “Marrëveshja e 19 prillit neutrale ndaj statusit”. Gazeta Jeta në Kosovë, 27 maj 2013. Qasur në http://gazetajnk. com/?cid= 1,1018,5662 (17 dhjetor 2013); “Marrëveshja e 19 prillit cenon Kushtetutën”. Kohanet, 19 gusht 2013. Qasur në http://www.koha.net/?page=l, 13,155925 (20 dhjetor 2013). 15. Edona Peci, “Kosovo Sets Date for Local Elections”. BIRN, Pristina, 3 korik 2013. Qasur në http://www.balkaninsight.com/ en/article/kosovo-sets-date-for-local-elections (25 janar 2013). 16. Edona Peci, “Kosovo Nationalists to Rally Against Serbia Deal”, Balkan Insight, 26 June 2013. Qasur nëhttp://www. balkaninsight.com/en/neni/opposition-questiones-Prishtinë-simpact-on-local-election-date (16 tetor 2013). 17. “Implementation Plan”. Shih http://euobserver.com/media/ src/0807580ad8281aefa2a89e38c49689f9.pdf (5 janar 2014). 18. “Jacobson: Të vëmendshëm, që të mos krijohet një Republikë Serbe”. Bota Sot, 04 dhjetor 2013. Qasur në http://www.
botasot.info/kosova/255257/jacobson-te-vemendshem-qe-temos-krijohet-nje-republike-serbe/ (23 dhjetor 2013). 19. Kosovo and Serbia: A breakthrough at last”. The Economist, 20 prill 2013. Qasur http://www.economist.com/blogs/ easternapproaches/2013/04/serbia-and-kosovo-0 (14 dhjetor 2013). 385
SHTETNDËRTIMI HIBRID 20. “Kosovo Serbs, officials discuss elections”. Tanjug, 19 korrik 2013. Qasur në http://www.b92. net/eng/neës/politics.php? yyyy=2013 mm=07 dd=19 nav_id-86998 (6 janar 2 013). 21. Komisioni Qendër Zgjedhor, “Rezultatet përfundimtare të kandidatëve”, zgjedhjet 2014. Qasur në http://www.kqz-ks. org/Uploads/Documents/20140701 %20Candidates%20 Seats%20Allocation_bspffiqcvtz.pdf (23 prill 2015). 22. “Kuvendi miraton marrjen e masave të reciprocitetit ndaj Serbisë", Radio Europa eLirë, 2 gusht 2013. Qasur në http://www. evropaelire.org/content/neës/24414658.html (2 nëntor 2013). 23. Piotr Smolar, “Serbia and Kosovo sign historic agreement”. The Guardian, 30 prill 2013. Qasur në http://ëëë.theguardian. com/world/2013/apr/30/serbia-kosovo-historic-agreementbrussels (5 dhjetor 2013). 24. “Presidentes iu dorëzua peticioni kundër Ligjit të amnistisë”. Kohanet, 19 korrik 2013. Qasur në http://www.koha. net/?page= 1,13,152797 (5 janar 2014). 25. Rrezarta Zekaj, “20 13 Një vit vendimtar për paqe mes Kosovës dhe Serbisë”. RTKlive. Qasur në http://www.rtklive.com/neë/ radiokosova/?cid=2 neësId=89061 mfU2!8i@Z vm-5f*V 7vIazF-m)/01rmHx (5 dhjetor 2013). 26. State Union ofSerbia and Montenegro, “Constitutional Charter of the State Union Serbia and Montenegro”, 2002. Qasur në http://www.worldstatesmen.org/SerbMont_Const_2003.pdf (5 korrik 2015). 27. Tanjug, “EU dissatisfied with electoral reform in Kosovo”, 20 April €012. Qasur ne http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics. php?yyyy=2012 mm=04 dd=20 nav_id=79861 (10 janar 2014). 28. Zyra e Kryeministrit, “Asociacioni/Bashkësia
e komunave me shumicë serbe në Kosovë — Parime e përgjithshme/Elementet kryesore”, 25 gusht2015. Qasur në http://www.kryeministriks.net/repository/docs/Asociacioni_perkthimi_shqip_-_final. pdf (19 prill 2016). 386 |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:24:34Z |
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| spelling | Beha, Adem 1984- Verfasser (DE-588)1190392321 aut Shtetndërtimi hibrid ambiguieti kreativ si politikë e administrimit ndërkombëtar në Kosovë Adem Beha Tiranë, Tetovë, Prishtinë Albas 2022 386 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Vereinte Nationen Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (DE-588)5537035-4 gnd rswk-swf State building (DE-588)7504224-1 gnd rswk-swf Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd rswk-swf Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 gnd rswk-swf Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 g Vereinte Nationen Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (DE-588)5537035-4 b Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 s State building (DE-588)7504224-1 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034324582&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034324582&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Beha, Adem 1984- Shtetndërtimi hibrid ambiguieti kreativ si politikë e administrimit ndërkombëtar në Kosovë Vereinte Nationen Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (DE-588)5537035-4 gnd State building (DE-588)7504224-1 gnd Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5537035-4 (DE-588)7504224-1 (DE-588)4068517-2 (DE-588)4032571-4 |
| title | Shtetndërtimi hibrid ambiguieti kreativ si politikë e administrimit ndërkombëtar në Kosovë |
| title_auth | Shtetndërtimi hibrid ambiguieti kreativ si politikë e administrimit ndërkombëtar në Kosovë |
| title_exact_search | Shtetndërtimi hibrid ambiguieti kreativ si politikë e administrimit ndërkombëtar në Kosovë |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Shtetndërtimi hibrid ambiguieti kreativ si politikë e administrimit ndërkombëtar në Kosovë |
| title_full | Shtetndërtimi hibrid ambiguieti kreativ si politikë e administrimit ndërkombëtar në Kosovë Adem Beha |
| title_fullStr | Shtetndërtimi hibrid ambiguieti kreativ si politikë e administrimit ndërkombëtar në Kosovë Adem Beha |
| title_full_unstemmed | Shtetndërtimi hibrid ambiguieti kreativ si politikë e administrimit ndërkombëtar në Kosovë Adem Beha |
| title_short | Shtetndërtimi hibrid |
| title_sort | shtetndertimi hibrid ambiguieti kreativ si politike e administrimit nderkombetar ne kosove |
| title_sub | ambiguieti kreativ si politikë e administrimit ndërkombëtar në Kosovë |
| topic | Vereinte Nationen Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (DE-588)5537035-4 gnd State building (DE-588)7504224-1 gnd Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Vereinte Nationen Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo State building Albaner Kosovo |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034324582&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034324582&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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