Causality and causal explanation in Aristotle:
"This book aims to answer two main questions about Aristotle's theory of causality and causal explanation, especially in relation to natural science. (1) How does he answer main philosophical questions about causes to which he thinks his predecessors' answers are flawed? (2) How do hi...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
Oxford University Press
[2023]
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | "This book aims to answer two main questions about Aristotle's theory of causality and causal explanation, especially in relation to natural science. (1) How does he answer main philosophical questions about causes to which he thinks his predecessors' answers are flawed? (2) How do his answers bear on the main questions we confront in thinking about causality in general? The texts that deal with causality directly are analyzed against the background of his criticisms of his predecessors and his broader views about explanation, highlighting their theoretically important commitments. This allows us to reveal the conceptual architecture of his theory. The basic theory is then applied to two questions about causality, one metaphysical and one epistemological. The metaphysical question is how to account for the relation between causes and what they cause, in light of a fundamental tension between different desiderata for causal explanations. Aristotle's answer is pluralistic: he does not think that there is one metaphysical relationship between causes and what they cause even within a given mode of causality. The epistemological question asks how we grasp causes, and grasp them in a way that yields scientific understanding. Aristotle's answer is again a pluralist one: metaphysically different phenomena demand different cognitive resources, and some are more accessible than others. Nevertheless, there is a discernible path from simpler to more sophisticated types of cognitive grasp on causality. Aristotle thus aims to provide a non-reductionist account of causality that still leaves room for a substantive conception of understanding in natural science"-- |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 287 Seiten 24,2 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780197660867 019766086X |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Introduction -- Part I: Conceptual structure. Reading (and animating) physics II -- Background 1 : critiques of the predecessors -- Background 2 : science and dialectic -- Physics ii 3 in argumentative context -- Part II: Metaphysics. The realist challenge -- Causes, kinds, and transformations -- Causal kinds and causal profiles -- Discreteness in agent-patient relations -- Part III: Epistemology. Coming to know causes -- Causality and epistemic asymmetries -- The non-secret connexion.. | |
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Aristotle’s writings about causality and its relation to natural science are at the heart of his philosophical project, and at the origin of a 2,000year history of inquiry into these topics. Yet for all the work done on various aspects of his thought, there has been no full-length philosophical study of his theory of causality, and we do not have clear answers to some basic questions about it. How does Aristotle answer the main philosophical questions about causality to which he thinks his predecessors’ answers are flawed? How do his answers bear on the main questions we confront in thinking about causality in general, such that those answers could be usefully critiqued, developed, and compared with others? Nathanael Stein’s book addresses these two questions. It is not a survey of Aristotle’s claims, but rather focuses on a set of key conceptual, metaphysical, and epistemological questions that are important both for understanding Aristotle’s responses to his predecessors and for understanding causality in general. The book thus provides the kind of philosophical engagement with Aristotle that has proven so fruitful in other domains, such as ethics and metaphysics. It also aims to contribute to a more accurate understanding of the differences between ancient and modern approaches to the natural world and our knowledge of it. This book is meant for anyone interested in philosophical theories of causation and explanation and their history, as well as those who have read Aristotle’s thoughts on the topic of causality and come away wondering what it all really adds up to, and
how we might engage with it.
Contents Preface Abbreviations and Editions Cited ofAristotle’s Works Introduction ix xiii 1 LI. The Basic Problem 1.2. Outline 1.3. Themes, Consequences, Comparisons, and Absences 1 12 18 PART I: CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE 1. Reading (and Animating) Physics II3 1.1. The Problem of Physics II3 1.2. Physics II3 in the Context of Book II 25 29 2. Background 1: Critiques of the Predecessors 37 2.1. Epistemological and Scientific Critiques 2.2. Metaphysical Critiques 2.3. Summary 37 44 53 3. Background 2: Science and Dialectic 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. Being “in Virtue of Oneself” and in Other Ways Physics II2 and the Autonomy of Natural Science Posterior Analytics II11 and the Simple Schema of Causes Summary 4. Physics II3 in Argumentative Context 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. Highlights Implications for Theory and Method Causal Pluralism Strengths, Weaknesses, and Open Questions 25 55 55 60 62 69 71 71 79 82 87 PART II: METAPHYSICS 5. The Realist Challenge 5.1. Metaphysical Pluralism 5.2. Clarifying the Question 95 95 100
VÍ CONTENTS 6. Causes, Kinds, and Transformations 6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. From Privileged Entities to Intrinsic Causes Essentialism and Kinds of Natural Change Pre-theoretical and Theoretical Accounts of Change Real Definitions of Transeünt Interactions Summary 7. Causal Kinds and Causal Profiles 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. 7.4. 7.5. 7.6. Real Definitions and Causal Profiles The Varieties of Causal Profile Connections and Correspondences to Other Distinctions Causal Profiles at Work: Gluttonous Birds Implications for Puzzles about Aristotelian Causality Summary 8. Discreteness in Agent-Patient Relations 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4. 8.5. 8.6. 8.7. The Realist Question “Ways of Being Causes” in Physics II3 Transeunt-Causal Change in Physics III 3 Varieties of Discreteness Discreteness Applied Aristotle and Modern “Neo-mechanism” Summary, Comparisons, and Open Questions 105 105 112 116 123 129 131 131 133 145 148 -152 160 162 162 165 174 181 186 190 193 PARTIU: EPISTEMOLOGY 9. Coming to Know Causes 9.1. 9.2. 9.3. 9.4. Basic Questions about Grasping Causes Causes and the Two Images A Problem of Induction Stages of Inquiry and Their Associated States or Capacities 10. Causality and Epistemic Asymmetries 10.1. 10.2. 10.3. 10.4. 10.5. Manifest Causes and Basic Asymmetries The Priority of Transeunt-Causal Efficient Causality Grasping Transeunt-Causal Interactions Understanding Origin-Dominant Causal Profiles Summary 199 199 201 205 212 217 217 223 225 233 235
CONTENTS VÌI 11. The Non-Secret Connexion 11.1. Is Some Causality Just as It Appears? 11.2. Ihe Special Importance and Epistemic Status of Crafts 11.3. The Nature of Blood 11.4. Summary: Causal Explanation and Aristotle’s Empiricism 237 237 240 244 251 Conclusion 255 Bibliography Index Locorum Subject Index 261 273 281 |
| adam_txt |
Aristotle’s writings about causality and its relation to natural science are at the heart of his philosophical project, and at the origin of a 2,000year history of inquiry into these topics. Yet for all the work done on various aspects of his thought, there has been no full-length philosophical study of his theory of causality, and we do not have clear answers to some basic questions about it. How does Aristotle answer the main philosophical questions about causality to which he thinks his predecessors’ answers are flawed? How do his answers bear on the main questions we confront in thinking about causality in general, such that those answers could be usefully critiqued, developed, and compared with others? Nathanael Stein’s book addresses these two questions. It is not a survey of Aristotle’s claims, but rather focuses on a set of key conceptual, metaphysical, and epistemological questions that are important both for understanding Aristotle’s responses to his predecessors and for understanding causality in general. The book thus provides the kind of philosophical engagement with Aristotle that has proven so fruitful in other domains, such as ethics and metaphysics. It also aims to contribute to a more accurate understanding of the differences between ancient and modern approaches to the natural world and our knowledge of it. This book is meant for anyone interested in philosophical theories of causation and explanation and their history, as well as those who have read Aristotle’s thoughts on the topic of causality and come away wondering what it all really adds up to, and
how we might engage with it.
Contents Preface Abbreviations and Editions Cited ofAristotle’s Works Introduction ix xiii 1 LI. The Basic Problem 1.2. Outline 1.3. Themes, Consequences, Comparisons, and Absences 1 12 18 PART I: CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE 1. Reading (and Animating) Physics II3 1.1. The Problem of Physics II3 1.2. Physics II3 in the Context of Book II 25 29 2. Background 1: Critiques of the Predecessors 37 2.1. Epistemological and Scientific Critiques 2.2. Metaphysical Critiques 2.3. Summary 37 44 53 3. Background 2: Science and Dialectic 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. Being “in Virtue of Oneself” and in Other Ways Physics II2 and the Autonomy of Natural Science Posterior Analytics II11 and the Simple Schema of Causes Summary 4. Physics II3 in Argumentative Context 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. Highlights Implications for Theory and Method Causal Pluralism Strengths, Weaknesses, and Open Questions 25 55 55 60 62 69 71 71 79 82 87 PART II: METAPHYSICS 5. The Realist Challenge 5.1. Metaphysical Pluralism 5.2. Clarifying the Question 95 95 100
VÍ CONTENTS 6. Causes, Kinds, and Transformations 6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 6.4. 6.5. From Privileged Entities to Intrinsic Causes Essentialism and Kinds of Natural Change Pre-theoretical and Theoretical Accounts of Change Real Definitions of Transeünt Interactions Summary 7. Causal Kinds and Causal Profiles 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. 7.4. 7.5. 7.6. Real Definitions and Causal Profiles The Varieties of Causal Profile Connections and Correspondences to Other Distinctions Causal Profiles at Work: Gluttonous Birds Implications for Puzzles about Aristotelian Causality Summary 8. Discreteness in Agent-Patient Relations 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4. 8.5. 8.6. 8.7. The Realist Question “Ways of Being Causes” in Physics II3 Transeunt-Causal Change in Physics III 3 Varieties of Discreteness Discreteness Applied Aristotle and Modern “Neo-mechanism” Summary, Comparisons, and Open Questions 105 105 112 116 123 129 131 131 133 145 148 -152 160 162 162 165 174 181 186 190 193 PARTIU: EPISTEMOLOGY 9. Coming to Know Causes 9.1. 9.2. 9.3. 9.4. Basic Questions about Grasping Causes Causes and the Two Images A Problem of Induction Stages of Inquiry and Their Associated States or Capacities 10. Causality and Epistemic Asymmetries 10.1. 10.2. 10.3. 10.4. 10.5. Manifest Causes and Basic Asymmetries The Priority of Transeunt-Causal Efficient Causality Grasping Transeunt-Causal Interactions Understanding Origin-Dominant Causal Profiles Summary 199 199 201 205 212 217 217 223 225 233 235
CONTENTS VÌI 11. The Non-Secret Connexion 11.1. Is Some Causality Just as It Appears? 11.2. Ihe Special Importance and Epistemic Status of Crafts 11.3. The Nature of Blood 11.4. Summary: Causal Explanation and Aristotle’s Empiricism 237 237 240 244 251 Conclusion 255 Bibliography Index Locorum Subject Index 261 273 281 |
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| contents | Introduction -- Part I: Conceptual structure. Reading (and animating) physics II -- Background 1 : critiques of the predecessors -- Background 2 : science and dialectic -- Physics ii 3 in argumentative context -- Part II: Metaphysics. The realist challenge -- Causes, kinds, and transformations -- Causal kinds and causal profiles -- Discreteness in agent-patient relations -- Part III: Epistemology. Coming to know causes -- Causality and epistemic asymmetries -- The non-secret connexion.. |
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| physical | XI, 287 Seiten 24,2 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20230822 gbd_4_2309 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Stein, Nathanael 1976- Verfasser (DE-588)1318433711 aut Causality and causal explanation in Aristotle Nathanael Stein New York, NY Oxford University Press [2023] © 2023 XI, 287 Seiten 24,2 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Introduction -- Part I: Conceptual structure. Reading (and animating) physics II -- Background 1 : critiques of the predecessors -- Background 2 : science and dialectic -- Physics ii 3 in argumentative context -- Part II: Metaphysics. The realist challenge -- Causes, kinds, and transformations -- Causal kinds and causal profiles -- Discreteness in agent-patient relations -- Part III: Epistemology. Coming to know causes -- Causality and epistemic asymmetries -- The non-secret connexion.. "This book aims to answer two main questions about Aristotle's theory of causality and causal explanation, especially in relation to natural science. (1) How does he answer main philosophical questions about causes to which he thinks his predecessors' answers are flawed? (2) How do his answers bear on the main questions we confront in thinking about causality in general? The texts that deal with causality directly are analyzed against the background of his criticisms of his predecessors and his broader views about explanation, highlighting their theoretically important commitments. This allows us to reveal the conceptual architecture of his theory. The basic theory is then applied to two questions about causality, one metaphysical and one epistemological. The metaphysical question is how to account for the relation between causes and what they cause, in light of a fundamental tension between different desiderata for causal explanations. Aristotle's answer is pluralistic: he does not think that there is one metaphysical relationship between causes and what they cause even within a given mode of causality. The epistemological question asks how we grasp causes, and grasp them in a way that yields scientific understanding. Aristotle's answer is again a pluralist one: metaphysically different phenomena demand different cognitive resources, and some are more accessible than others. Nevertheless, there is a discernible path from simpler to more sophisticated types of cognitive grasp on causality. Aristotle thus aims to provide a non-reductionist account of causality that still leaves room for a substantive conception of understanding in natural science"-- Aristoteles v384-v322 (DE-588)118650130 gnd rswk-swf Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 gnd rswk-swf Kausalität (DE-588)4030102-3 gnd rswk-swf Erkenntnistheorie (DE-588)4070914-0 gnd rswk-swf Aristotle Causation Explanation Philosophy, Ancient Aristoteles phil. TLG 0086 (DE-2581)TH000000327 gbd Aristoteles v384-v322 (DE-588)118650130 p Kausalität (DE-588)4030102-3 s Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 s Erkenntnistheorie (DE-588)4070914-0 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB Stein, Nathanael, 1976- Causality and causal explanation in Aristotle New York, NY : Oxford University Press, [2023] 978-0-19-766088-1 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034306541&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034306541&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Stein, Nathanael 1976- Causality and causal explanation in Aristotle Introduction -- Part I: Conceptual structure. Reading (and animating) physics II -- Background 1 : critiques of the predecessors -- Background 2 : science and dialectic -- Physics ii 3 in argumentative context -- Part II: Metaphysics. The realist challenge -- Causes, kinds, and transformations -- Causal kinds and causal profiles -- Discreteness in agent-patient relations -- Part III: Epistemology. Coming to know causes -- Causality and epistemic asymmetries -- The non-secret connexion.. Aristoteles v384-v322 (DE-588)118650130 gnd Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 gnd Kausalität (DE-588)4030102-3 gnd Erkenntnistheorie (DE-588)4070914-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118650130 (DE-588)4038936-4 (DE-588)4030102-3 (DE-588)4070914-0 |
| title | Causality and causal explanation in Aristotle |
| title_auth | Causality and causal explanation in Aristotle |
| title_exact_search | Causality and causal explanation in Aristotle |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Causality and causal explanation in Aristotle |
| title_full | Causality and causal explanation in Aristotle Nathanael Stein |
| title_fullStr | Causality and causal explanation in Aristotle Nathanael Stein |
| title_full_unstemmed | Causality and causal explanation in Aristotle Nathanael Stein |
| title_short | Causality and causal explanation in Aristotle |
| title_sort | causality and causal explanation in aristotle |
| topic | Aristoteles v384-v322 (DE-588)118650130 gnd Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 gnd Kausalität (DE-588)4030102-3 gnd Erkenntnistheorie (DE-588)4070914-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Aristoteles v384-v322 Metaphysik Kausalität Erkenntnistheorie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034306541&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034306541&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT steinnathanael causalityandcausalexplanationinaristotle |