Fangs of the lone wolf: Chechen tactics in the Russian-Chechen wars, 1994-2009
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Warwick, UK
Helion & Company
2022
|
| Edition: | Revised edition |
| Series: | Europe@war series
no. 23 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 90 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts (teilweise farbig) 29,7 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781804512524 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS Helion Company Limited Unit 8 Amherst Business Centre Budbrooke Road Warwick CV34 5WE England Tel. 01926 499 619 Email: info@helion.co.uk Website: www.helion.co.uk Twitter: @helionbooks Visit our blog http://blog.helion.co.uk/ Text and maps © Combat Films and Research 2013,2022 Photographs © as individually credited Colour artworks © as individually credited Designed and typeset by Farr out Publications, Wokingham, Berkshire Cover design Paul Hewitt, Battlefield Design (www.battlefield-design.co.uk) 2 2 3 4 5 Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Guide to Symbols Map: Vignettes by Location 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 5 9 29 35 43 49 59 63 68 79 83 A Brief History of the Chechen Conflict Defense of an Urban Area Breaking Out of an Encirclement Raids Ambush and Counter-ambush Defense of Lines of Communications Defense of a River Line Mining and Antitank Attack Shelling and Sniping Attacks Conclusions Bibliography Notes About the Author 85 86 90 Every reasonable effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material. The author and publisher apologise for any errors or omissions in this work, and would be grateful if notified of any corrections that should be incorporated in future reprints or editions of this book. ISBN 978-1-804512-52-4 Wolgodonsk British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the express written consent of Helion Company Limited. Caspian Sea CHECHNYA ֊ Makhachkala • Izberbash We always welcome receiving book proposals from prospective authors. Bakui i Erzurum Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München Note: In order to simplify the use of this book, all names, locations and geographic designations are as provided in The Times World Atlas, or other traditionally accepted major sources of reference, as of the time of described events.
FANGS OF THE LONE WOLF: CHECHEN TACTICS IN THE RUSSIAN-CHECHEN WARS 1994-2009 REVISED EDITION ambush and destruction of an entire Russian armored battalion in spring 1995 and Musa’s ambush on the road to Vedeno as described in chapter four. As a rule, in the usual tactical fight (company, platoon and below) the Chechen combatants were older and more experienced than their Russian opponents. Many were veterans of the Soviet Army, some of Afghanistan, and some of the fighting in Abkhazia. The maturity of the Chechen force was often a deciding factor when two equally-matched forces met. The Russians preferred to keep the Chechens at least 300 meters away (out of the range of the AK-47 and the RPG-7 against a moving target). The Chechens, however, tried to “hug” the Russian forces whenever possible so that they could use their RPGs while avoiding Russian artillery and aviation supporting fire. Logistics Tactics determines battles while logistics determines campaigns. The Russian logistics structure for the first post-Soviet Russian-Chechen War was inadequate, especially for the initial urban slugfest in Grozny. The Russians had their logistics in order for the second war and even added an additional rail line from Kizliyar to Karlan Yurt in Dagestan. This line paid dividends in support capacity during the second war. The Russian side had what they needed when they needed it and guerrilla ambushes never seriously slowed the logistics delivery. The Chechen logistics system was based on the local village or region, which supplied food, medical support, lodging and some
maintenance. The Chechens started the first war with an impressive collection of tanks, artillery, personnel carriers, mortars and logistics stockpiles that the departing federal forces had left behind. These were expended during the first four months of fighting. The Chechens had no way to replace weapons or expended ammunition. Limited “garage-manufactured” weapon production helped, but the Chechens fought most of the wars with inadequate stocks of ammunition and working weapons. International aid, mostly in the form of Salafi money, was important, but there was no access to an outside source of ammunition and weapons. Some venal Russian soldiers sold ammunition, weapons, fuel and medicine to the Chechens (usually through a child intermediary), but this was never enough to sustain the Chechen effort beyond one or two tactical engagements. Any Chechen hope of support from the West died after the Beslan hostage-taking raid. Guerrillas cannot live off of the land - and do anything else. Survival is a full-time job. Guerrillas can live off of the local population, but the Russians became better at buying up surplus crops at premium prices in critical areas and otherwise denying the guerrilla access to the locals. Russia’s move to install a former insurgent, Kadyrov, to rule Chechnya pitted Chechen against Chechen, severely undermining the populations support of the insurgency. Further, locals can provide food and shelter, but they cannot provide mortar ammunition. In the final equation, guerrilla logistics often ended up as a family matter, and Chechnya was full of Tolstoy’s
“unhappy families.”3 BIBLIOGRAPHY Akhmadov, Ilyas and Miriam Lanskoy, The Chechen Struggle: Independence Won and Lost (New York: St. Martins’s Press, 2010) Babchenko, Arkady, One Solders War (London: Portobello Books, 2007) Baiev, Khassan, Ruth Daniloff, and Nicholas Daniloff, The Oath: A Surgeon Under Fire (New York: Walker Publishing, 2003) Bodansky, Yoseff, Chechen Jihad, Al Qaeda’s Training Ground and the Next Wave of Terror (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2007) Dudayev, Umalt, “Chechnya’s Homemade Weapons Fuel War: Rebels are using improvised and home-made weapons to continue their guerrilla war,” CRS Issue 227, Institute of War and Peace Reporting, 21 February 2005. Efimov, Μ. et al., Chechenskaya voyna: Rabota nad oshibkami [The Chechen War: Working on the Mistakes] (Moscow: EKSMO, 2009) Gall, Carlotta and Thomas de Waal, Chechen Calamity in the Caucasus (London: Macmillan Publishers, 1998) Hughes, James, Chechnya: From Nationalism to Jihad (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007) Isby, David C., Weapons and Tactics of the Soviet Army (London: Janes Publishing, 1981) Knezys, Stasys and Romanas Sedlickas, The War in Chechnya (College Station, Texas: Texas A M University, 1999) Kulikov, General Anatoly Sergeevich. Appendix B, “The First Battle of Grozny.” Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs briefing in Olga Oliker’s Russia’s Chechen Wars 1994-2000: Lessons from Urban Combat (Rand, 2001) Lieven, Anatol, Chechnya, Tombstone of Russian Power (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1999) Murphy, Paul, The Wolves ofIslam, Russia and the Faces of
Chechen Terrorism (Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books, 2004) Nivat, Anne, Chienne de Guerre: A Woman Reporter Behind the Lines of the War in Chechnya (New York: Public Affairs Books, 2001) Schaefer, Robert W, The Insurgency in Chechnya and the North Caucasus From Gazavat to Jihad (Santa Barbara, California: Preager, 2011) Seierstad, Asne, The Angel of Grozny, Orphans of a Forgotten War (Oslo: J.W. Cappelens Forlag, 2007) Smith, Sebastian, Allah’s Mountains: The Battlefor Chechnya (London: LB. Tauris, 2001) Documentary Films Chechnya: Separatism or Jihad?. Dir. Dodge Billingsley. Combat Films and Research for The David Μ. Kennedy Center at Brigham Young University, 2004. Immortal Fortress: Inside Chechnya’s Warrior Culture. Dir. Dodge Billingsley. Combat Films and Research, 1999.
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CONTENTS Helion Company Limited Unit 8 Amherst Business Centre Budbrooke Road Warwick CV34 5WE England Tel. 01926 499 619 Email: info@helion.co.uk Website: www.helion.co.uk Twitter: @helionbooks Visit our blog http://blog.helion.co.uk/ Text and maps © Combat Films and Research 2013,2022 Photographs © as individually credited Colour artworks © as individually credited Designed and typeset by Farr out Publications, Wokingham, Berkshire Cover design Paul Hewitt, Battlefield Design (www.battlefield-design.co.uk) 2 2 3 4 5 Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Guide to Symbols Map: Vignettes by Location 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 5 9 29 35 43 49 59 63 68 79 83 A Brief History of the Chechen Conflict Defense of an Urban Area Breaking Out of an Encirclement Raids Ambush and Counter-ambush Defense of Lines of Communications Defense of a River Line Mining and Antitank Attack Shelling and Sniping Attacks Conclusions Bibliography Notes About the Author 85 86 90 Every reasonable effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material. The author and publisher apologise for any errors or omissions in this work, and would be grateful if notified of any corrections that should be incorporated in future reprints or editions of this book. ISBN 978-1-804512-52-4 Wolgodonsk British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the express written consent of Helion Company Limited. Caspian Sea CHECHNYA'֊ Makhachkala • Izberbash We always welcome receiving book proposals from prospective authors. Bakui i Erzurum Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München Note: In order to simplify the use of this book, all names, locations and geographic designations are as provided in The Times World Atlas, or other traditionally accepted major sources of reference, as of the time of described events.
FANGS OF THE LONE WOLF: CHECHEN TACTICS IN THE RUSSIAN-CHECHEN WARS 1994-2009 REVISED EDITION ambush and destruction of an entire Russian armored battalion in spring 1995 and Musa’s ambush on the road to Vedeno as described in chapter four. As a rule, in the usual tactical fight (company, platoon and below) the Chechen combatants were older and more experienced than their Russian opponents. Many were veterans of the Soviet Army, some of Afghanistan, and some of the fighting in Abkhazia. The maturity of the Chechen force was often a deciding factor when two equally-matched forces met. The Russians preferred to keep the Chechens at least 300 meters away (out of the range of the AK-47 and the RPG-7 against a moving target). The Chechens, however, tried to “hug” the Russian forces whenever possible so that they could use their RPGs while avoiding Russian artillery and aviation supporting fire. Logistics Tactics determines battles while logistics determines campaigns. The Russian logistics structure for the first post-Soviet Russian-Chechen War was inadequate, especially for the initial urban slugfest in Grozny. The Russians had their logistics in order for the second war and even added an additional rail line from Kizliyar to Karlan Yurt in Dagestan. This line paid dividends in support capacity during the second war. The Russian side had what they needed when they needed it and guerrilla ambushes never seriously slowed the logistics delivery. The Chechen logistics system was based on the local village or region, which supplied food, medical support, lodging and some
maintenance. The Chechens started the first war with an impressive collection of tanks, artillery, personnel carriers, mortars and logistics stockpiles that the departing federal forces had left behind. These were expended during the first four months of fighting. The Chechens had no way to replace weapons or expended ammunition. Limited “garage-manufactured” weapon production helped, but the Chechens fought most of the wars with inadequate stocks of ammunition and working weapons. International aid, mostly in the form of Salafi money, was important, but there was no access to an outside source of ammunition and weapons. Some venal Russian soldiers sold ammunition, weapons, fuel and medicine to the Chechens (usually through a child intermediary), but this was never enough to sustain the Chechen effort beyond one or two tactical engagements. Any Chechen hope of support from the West died after the Beslan hostage-taking raid. Guerrillas cannot live off of the land - and do anything else. Survival is a full-time job. Guerrillas can live off of the local population, but the Russians became better at buying up surplus crops at premium prices in critical areas and otherwise denying the guerrilla access to the locals. Russia’s move to install a former insurgent, Kadyrov, to rule Chechnya pitted Chechen against Chechen, severely undermining the populations support of the insurgency. Further, locals can provide food and shelter, but they cannot provide mortar ammunition. In the final equation, guerrilla logistics often ended up as a family matter, and Chechnya was full of Tolstoy’s
“unhappy families.”3 BIBLIOGRAPHY Akhmadov, Ilyas and Miriam Lanskoy, The Chechen Struggle: Independence Won and Lost (New York: St. Martins’s Press, 2010) Babchenko, Arkady, One Solders War (London: Portobello Books, 2007) Baiev, Khassan, Ruth Daniloff, and Nicholas Daniloff, The Oath: A Surgeon Under Fire (New York: Walker Publishing, 2003) Bodansky, Yoseff, Chechen Jihad, Al Qaeda’s Training Ground and the Next Wave of Terror (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2007) Dudayev, Umalt, “Chechnya’s Homemade Weapons Fuel War: Rebels are using improvised and home-made weapons to continue their guerrilla war,” CRS Issue 227, Institute of War and Peace Reporting, 21 February 2005. Efimov, Μ. et al., Chechenskaya voyna: Rabota nad oshibkami [The Chechen War: Working on the Mistakes] (Moscow: EKSMO, 2009) Gall, Carlotta and Thomas de Waal, Chechen Calamity in the Caucasus (London: Macmillan Publishers, 1998) Hughes, James, Chechnya: From Nationalism to Jihad (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007) Isby, David C., Weapons and Tactics of the Soviet Army (London: Janes Publishing, 1981) Knezys, Stasys and Romanas Sedlickas, The War in Chechnya (College Station, Texas: Texas A M University, 1999) Kulikov, General Anatoly Sergeevich. Appendix B, “The First Battle of Grozny.” Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs briefing in Olga Oliker’s Russia’s Chechen Wars 1994-2000: Lessons from Urban Combat (Rand, 2001) Lieven, Anatol, Chechnya, Tombstone of Russian Power (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1999) Murphy, Paul, The Wolves ofIslam, Russia and the Faces of
Chechen Terrorism (Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books, 2004) Nivat, Anne, Chienne de Guerre: A Woman Reporter Behind the Lines of the War in Chechnya (New York: Public Affairs Books, 2001) Schaefer, Robert W, The Insurgency in Chechnya and the North Caucasus From Gazavat to Jihad (Santa Barbara, California: Preager, 2011) Seierstad, Asne, The Angel of Grozny, Orphans of a Forgotten War (Oslo: J.W. Cappelens Forlag, 2007) Smith, Sebastian, Allah’s Mountains: The Battlefor Chechnya (London: LB. Tauris, 2001) Documentary Films Chechnya: Separatism or Jihad?. Dir. Dodge Billingsley. Combat Films and Research for The David Μ. Kennedy Center at Brigham Young University, 2004. Immortal Fortress: Inside Chechnya’s Warrior Culture. Dir. Dodge Billingsley. Combat Films and Research, 1999. |
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| series | Europe@war series |
| series2 | Europe@war series |
| spelling | Billingsley, Dodge Verfasser (DE-588)1202451411 aut Fangs of the lone wolf Chechen tactics in the Russian-Chechen wars, 1994-2009 Dodge Billingsley Revised edition Warwick, UK Helion & Company 2022 90 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts (teilweise farbig) 29,7 cm txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Europe@war series no. 23 Taktik (DE-588)4058940-7 gnd rswk-swf Tschetschenen (DE-588)4360541-2 gnd rswk-swf Tschetschenienkriege (DE-588)4638475-3 gnd rswk-swf Chechni͡a (Russia) / History / Civil War, 1994- / Campaigns Military art and science / Russia (Federation) / Chechni͡a Guerrilla warfare / Russia (Federation) / Chechni͡a Soldiers / Russia (Federation) / Chechni͡a / Interviews Guerrillas / Russia (Federation) / Chechni͡a / Interviews Russia (Federation) / Relations / Russia (Federation) / Chechni͡a Chechni͡a (Russia) / Relations / Russia (Federation) Tschetschenienkriege (DE-588)4638475-3 s Tschetschenen (DE-588)4360541-2 s Taktik (DE-588)4058940-7 s DE-604 Europe@war series no. 23 (DE-604)BV046733782 23 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034281274&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034281274&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Billingsley, Dodge Fangs of the lone wolf Chechen tactics in the Russian-Chechen wars, 1994-2009 Europe@war series Taktik (DE-588)4058940-7 gnd Tschetschenen (DE-588)4360541-2 gnd Tschetschenienkriege (DE-588)4638475-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4058940-7 (DE-588)4360541-2 (DE-588)4638475-3 |
| title | Fangs of the lone wolf Chechen tactics in the Russian-Chechen wars, 1994-2009 |
| title_auth | Fangs of the lone wolf Chechen tactics in the Russian-Chechen wars, 1994-2009 |
| title_exact_search | Fangs of the lone wolf Chechen tactics in the Russian-Chechen wars, 1994-2009 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Fangs of the lone wolf Chechen tactics in the Russian-Chechen wars, 1994-2009 |
| title_full | Fangs of the lone wolf Chechen tactics in the Russian-Chechen wars, 1994-2009 Dodge Billingsley |
| title_fullStr | Fangs of the lone wolf Chechen tactics in the Russian-Chechen wars, 1994-2009 Dodge Billingsley |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fangs of the lone wolf Chechen tactics in the Russian-Chechen wars, 1994-2009 Dodge Billingsley |
| title_short | Fangs of the lone wolf |
| title_sort | fangs of the lone wolf chechen tactics in the russian chechen wars 1994 2009 |
| title_sub | Chechen tactics in the Russian-Chechen wars, 1994-2009 |
| topic | Taktik (DE-588)4058940-7 gnd Tschetschenen (DE-588)4360541-2 gnd Tschetschenienkriege (DE-588)4638475-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Taktik Tschetschenen Tschetschenienkriege |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034281274&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034281274&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV046733782 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT billingsleydodge fangsofthelonewolfchechentacticsintherussianchechenwars19942009 |