A sanctuary in the hora of Illyrian Apollonia: excavations at the Bonjakët site (2004-2006)
"In the years 2004-2006, a joint team from the International Centre for Albanian Archaeology in Tirana, Albania, the Institute of Archaeology in Tirana, and the University of Cincinnati conducted excavations in the plain west of the walls of the ancient Greek colony of Apollonia, a short distan...
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| Sprache: | English |
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Columbus, Georgia
Lockwood Press
2022
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "In the years 2004-2006, a joint team from the International Centre for Albanian Archaeology in Tirana, Albania, the Institute of Archaeology in Tirana, and the University of Cincinnati conducted excavations in the plain west of the walls of the ancient Greek colony of Apollonia, a short distance to the southwest of the modern village of Pojan. The site lies almost entirely within a complex of farm buildings known locally as Bonjakët. This volume represents the full publication of the results of three campaigns of excavation at the site. The new excavations discovered and documented a previously unknown monumental temple and have made it possible to describe for the first time the material remains of Greek rituals as practiced at the time of, or not long after, the foundation of Apollonia"-- |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 505 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 29 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781937040932 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS List of Figures IX List of Tables XIX Preface THE BONJAKËT SITE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE................................................................................. Jack L. Davis, Sharon R. Stocker, Vangjel Dimo, and Iris Pojani 1 Part 1 THE EXCAVATION Chapter 1 A HISTORY OF EXPLORATION AT THE BONJAKËT SITE..................................................................... 9 Jack L. Davis, Sharon R. Stocker, Vangjel Dimo, and Iris Pojani Appendix EXCAVATION REPORT ON SECTOR “N” (1960): PRELIMINARY REPORT........................................ 17 Skënder AnamalF Chapter 2 THE GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING OF THE BONJAKËT SITE........................... 23 Tammie L. Gerke Chapter 3 EXCAVATION AND STRATIGRAPHY......................................................................................................... 33 Jack L. Davis, Tammie L. Gerke, and Evi Gorogianni Appendix MICROMORPHOLOGY AND SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY.......................................................................... 87 Susan Μ. Mentzer v
Part II THE FINDS FROM THE EXCAVATION Chapter 4 THE FAUNAL REMAINS.............................................................................................................................109 Paul Halstead, Valasia Isaakidou, and Vasiliki Tzevelekidi Chapter 5 THE MARINE AND TERRESTIAL MOLLUSCS : A TAPHONOMIC STUDY...................................... 121 Deborah Ruscillo Chapter 6 LANDSCAPE, VEGETATION, AND PLANT USE AT THE BONJAKËT SANCTUARY: MACROBOTANICAL REMAINS FROM THE EXCAVATION...............................................................131 Susan E. Allen, with contributions from Evi Mărgăriți Chapter 7 THE POTTERY............................................................................................................................................... 145 Kathleen Μ. Lynch Appendix 7.1 VOTIVE SKYPHOI......................................................................................................................................255 Kathleen Μ. Lynch Appendix 7.2 BANDED CLOSED VESSELS................................................................................................................... 261 Kathleen Μ. Lynch Appendix 7.3 POSTMEDIEVAL CERAMICS...................................................................................................................269 Joanita Vroom Appendix 7.4 BRICK AND TILE.............................................................. Kathleen Μ. Lynch 273 CONCORDANCE.........................................................................................................................................279 Kathleen Μ.
Lynch Chapter 8 THE FIGURINES : A STRATIGRAPHIC AL AND TYPOLOGICAL OVERVIEW.................................. 285 Sharon R. Stocker Appendix ALBANO-RUSSIAN FIGURINES................................................................................................................ 385 Sharon R. Stocker vi
Chapter 9 THE SMALL FINDS...................................................................................................................................... 403 Jack L. Davis, Sharon R. Stocker, Hariclia Brecoulaki, Maria Perla Colombini, Myrto Georgakopoulou, Shpresa Gjoncecaj, Andreas Karydas, Noémi Müller, Erika Ribechini, and Allison Sterrett-Krause Chapter 10 INSCRIPTIONS............................................................................................................................................ 445 Jack L. Davis and Sharon R. Stocker Part III THE HISTORY OF THE BONJAKËT SITE Chapter 11 THE TEMPLE, THE HISTORY OF THE SITE, AND CULT PRACTICE............................................... 451 Jack L. Davis, Sharon R. Stocker, and Kathleen Μ. Lynch Chapter 12 THE BONJAKËT SITE IN RETROSPECT.................................................................................................477 Jack L. Davis, Sharon R. Stocker, Iris Pojani, and Vangjel Dimo CERAMIC DATES OF DEPOSITS BY TRENCH....................................................................................... 481 Kathleen Μ. Lynch REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................... 485 INDEX............................................................................................................................................................ 499 vii
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INDEX Page numbers in bold refer to illustrations, those in italic to tables. askoi, 200, 221 Astarte, 307 astragali, 77, 79, 116,116, 119, 160,443, 469 “Aneissa” brooch, 20 Acanthocardia. See cockles acropolis of Apollonia, 2, 10,10,477-479 agriculture, 20, 139-141 agricultural economy, 138 alabaster pyxis lid, 70, 215, 403, 404, 417, 469 alabastra, 409-413 Albania, 11 coastal development, 4-5, 26-29,27 geological map, 25 tectonics, 23-26 alluvial deposits, 29,30, 87, 88,92,95,96,99, 100, 102-104 altars, 9, 15, 21, 70, 72, 215,416, 452, 469, 472 aluminum, 403,429 amber, 179,404,423^124,443 Amore, Maria Grazia, 478 amphorai, 150, 159, 163, 166, 174, 184, 188, 201203,223, 262-265 transport, 152, 164, 168, 183, 217,477 amphoriskoi. See unguentaria anakalypsis, 289, 292, 295, 299, 306-310 Anamalı, Skënder, 10, 12, 17, 19, 285, 286, 469, 475 anathyrosis, 456, 456, 460, 461, 475 animal remains. See faunal remains animal sacrifice. See sacrificial offerings Aphrodite, 5, 119, 129, 285, 290, 308 Apollonia, 1,17, 26, 28, 122, 243, 285,477 acropolis, 2, 10,10, 477-^-79 museum, 9, 21, 285, 468 necropolis, 477 Roman period, 294, 478 settlement patterns, 477, 478 architrave block, 15, 57 Artemis, 5, 305, 308, 311,448,474 stele, 5, 55, 57,447, 474, 475 Artemision (Ephesus), 129 aryballoi, 180, 182, 235,411 banded closed vessels, 155, 184, 201, 206, 222223,228, 251-252, 261-266 amphorai. See amphorai chronology, 266-267 hydriai. See hydriai typology, 262-266, 263, 264, 266 barley, 131,136, 137, 139-141 Bassiakos, Yannis, 297 beads, 298,413 Bejko, Lorenc, 9,478 bivalves, 122,122,123, 126,
128-130 boar, 110, 112, 112 bolsals, 226, 251 bone marrow, 116,472 bones (animal), 92, 109-119,110-115, 150, 443 astragali. See astragali femurs, 113, 115, 118, 472 gnawing of, 109-112,112, 113, 115, 118, 157 mammal, 109,116 mandibles, 113, 115, 117, 118,472 working of, 116 bones (human), 20 Bonjakët compound, 1, 3, 6, 9,13, 34, 453, 479 Bonjakët family, 15, 285,453 Hamdi, 1, 17,33 Islami, 33 Nurredin, 15, 33, 453 Pranvera, 15, 50, 453 Sejdi, 1,33 Shuaip, 33, 453 Bonjakët houses, 1, 17, 33, 35 Bonjakët site, 1, 2. See also geomorphology archaeological history, 85 499
500 DAVIS ET AL. Bonjakët site, continued depositional history, 84, 87 Hellenistic / Roman, 475 landscape context, 4-5, 29 location, 23 map, 12 ritual at. See ritual setting in antiquity, 30 vandalism of, 57, 475 vegetable garden, 14, 15, 50, 52 botanical remains. See plant remains bowls, 152, 155, 193, 217, 218, 227, 251, 252, 413 braziers, 169, 227, 248 brick, 67-68,146,273,274,275,420,421. See also tile bronze, 20,57,79,81,186,239,403-406, 405,417, 423,425 butchery, 109, 111, 115, 118,472 Butrint region, 27, 139 Cassel cup, 150 cattle, 109,110, 112, 114, 112-118,472 cauldrons, 81, 186, 239 ceramics. See pottery ceramics workshop, 66, 69 Cerastoderma. See cockles cereals, 131,132, 135, 137, 140, 141, 143 Cerithium. See gastropods (marine) charcoal, 37,40,48,84,92,93,131, 133,136,733֊ 134, 138, 139, 157 cheir’epi karpo, 29Ί, 308, 310 Chlamys. See scallops chous, 218 chytrai, 150, 157, 203, 217, 227, 248 city-states. See poleis coastline, development of, 4-5, 26-29, 27 cockles, 121-130,124 coins, 57, 61, 65, 75, 85, 159, 188, 194-195, 203֊ 204, 206, 230,406,426, 460, 475 cooking, 111, 116, 169,474 cooking ware, 143, 150, 153, 155, 157, 159, 175, 183,203,217,223,227,252 Corycean cave, 119 cows. See cattle cult practice. See ritual deer (red), 110,112, 112 deforestation, 139 Demeter, 10, 18, 20, 141, 285 Dimo, Vangjel, 9 dinos, 150, 227, 404 dog, 110, 111,772, 112 Donax. See bivalves Droop cup, 166 drought, 140, 142 earthquakes, 24, 31 earthworms, 103 echinoderms, 122, 722 echinus bowl, 193, 196, 228,462 eggs (pottery), 81, 239, 300, 309 einkorn. See wheat Epidamnus, 292,
302, 308 Epiros, 139, 140, 143 Eros, 5, 285, 288-291, 291, 294, 297, 299, 303, 305, 307-309 exaleiptra, 153, 183, 185,227 excavation 1960 (Albano-Russian), 4, 5, 10, 12,19, 20,285, 286 brick and tile, 20 graves, 20-21 mosaic, 4, 5, 12, 17 n. 17, 21-22, 85 trench plan, 19 excavation strategy 2004-2006, 12, 15 faunal remains, 472, 474 anatomical composition, 113-116,114, 115 assemblage, 110-111, 770, 777 demographic composition, 116-118, 777 formation processes, 111, 772, 113 methodology, 109-110 taxonomic composition, 112-113 Ficus. See fig Fier, 4, 23, 24, 27,479 fig, 131, 137,137, 138 figurines, 142, 253 1960 excavation. See figurines (1960) 2004-2006 excavation. See figurines (20046) Corinthian, 290 description, 285 gender, 285 and weddings. See weddings
INDEX figurines (1960), 18, 20, 285, 286, 386-400 (evennumbered pages), 387-401 (odd-numbered pages) double-reclining 287-290, 288; type 1, 287288; type 2, 288-289; type 3, 298-290 protomai, 292-293, 292 referring, 291, 291 figurines (2004-6), 293-295, 301 Archaic, 294-295, 301-302 Classical, 294-296, 302-303 heads, 294,298, 299, 303 Hellenistic, 294-296, 303 iconography, 303-304 kissing, 309 plaques, 295 protomai, 294-295, 302 reclining, 17,18, 294, 303-304, 384 standing / seated, 295, 298 by trench: 01T, 296-297 , 313-359 (odd-numbered pages), 312-358 (even-numbered pages) 03T, 297, 360, 361, 362, 363 04T, 298, 364, 365 05T, 298, 364, 365, 366, 367 07T, 09T, 10T, 298 1 IT, 299, 366, 367 12T, 299, 368, 369, 370, 371 13T, 299, 370, 371 14T, 299, 370, 371 15T, 299-300, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377,378, 379 16T, 300-301,378, 379,380, 381,382, 383 17T, 301, 382, 383 fillets, 18, 287, 289, 290, 292, 296, 303, 307, 309, 310 flooding, 31, 84, 85, 100, 121, 130, 469,474 food. See also ritual dining consumption, 155, 157 distribution, 138-139 production, 138-139 Fouache, Eric, 4, 30, 31 Frakulla ridge, 28-30, 121 fruits, 131,135, 136, 140 fuel, 139, 143,474 gastropods (marine), 122,123, 126 gastropods (terrestrial). See snails 501 geomorphology, 23 glass, 195, 239, 304,408^116, 410, 412, 414, 430432 goats, 110, 113, 116,472 Gondwana Land, 23 Grose, David, 410 guttae, 203,227,463-465, 464 hair (figurines), 292, 295, 297-299, 302, 307 Daedalic style, 298 Medusa-like, 292, 295, 302 handstone, 416 hares, 110, 112, 112 head (marble), 49, 50, 175 heads (figurines), 294, 298, 299, 303
Hera, 143, 235 Hera Apia, 142, 143 Heraion, 128-129 highway (proposed), 4,479 himatia, 287 Hordeum. See barley horses, 110, 112, 112 House of Orpheus, Cyprus, 291 Hoxha, Enver, 12, 478 hydriai, 20, 150, 184, 188, 193, 201, 202, 223, 241, 262-265, 305 inscriptions, 445-448, 446 insects, 89,90, 93, 95, 98, 100, 138 Institute of Archaeology, Tirana, 1, 12,479 International Centre for Albanian Archaeology, 1, 4,479 iron, 406, 407,427-429 metallurgy, 422-423 Islami. See Bonjakët ivory, 193,423, 423,443 Kabirion, 119 kalathoi, 77, 81, 179, 180, 209, 217, 233, 235, 239, 243,251 kantharoi, 155, 157, 159, 175, 195, 203, 226, 228, 251 kilns, 15, 66, 85, 124, 205, 417, 475 klinai, 285, 287, 289, 297, 302, 303, 308 knucklebones. See astragali Komast cup, 150 Kommos, 129
502 DAVIS ET AL. Korabi zone, 26 korai, 179, 182, 298 Kore, 10, 18,20, 141,235, 285 fertility cult 21 Kosovo, 1, 26, 33, 85, 476 kotylai, 180, 235, 237, 251 krateriskos, 169 kraters, 154, 169, 183, 184, 200, 201, 215, 223 Kybele, 307 kylikes, 150, 161, 180, 182, 190, 193, 198, 209, 215,241,251 labor organization, 138 lagoons, 5, 26-30, 27, 84, 85,122-126 lagynos, 187, 227 lamps, 153, 163, 185,209, 219, 223, 227, 229, 239, 241 land use, 138-140. See also agriculture local environment and, 160 lead, 408, 408,429 legumes, 132,135, 136, 138, 139, 140, 142 Leguminosae. See legumes lekanai, 163 lekythoi, 150, 182, 184, 190, 200, 201, 215, 217, 218,235,241,242 libations, 81,146,161,252,307,309. See also ritual limestone, 459—460,460 altar, 469, 472 soils, 139 loomweights, 184, 304, 417 lopadia, 155, 157,203,227 louteria, 166, 169, 245, 249 Mallakastra hills, 23, 29, 267 Mallakastra Regional Archaeological Project. See MRAP maps and plans, 10-13,19,25, 27,34, 452 marble, 5, 21, 90, 93, 95, 182, 221, 298, 416, 445, 454,459, 465,467, 468 head, 49, 50, 175 revetment, 194, 472,475 Margelliç, 477 marriage, 143, 285, 297, 304-311, 474. See also weddings McClellan, Murray, 409,410 meat consumption, 115, 116, 169, 472. See also food; ritual dining metals, 104,116,230,403-408, 425-427,429, 469. See also individual metals coins. See coins precious, 403 vessels, 469 Metaponto, 290, 292, 296, 303, 307, 309, 310 micromorphology, analytical methods, 88 archaeological significance, 103-104 features, 88-90, 89 interpretation, 90 trench 03T, 90-92, 91 trench 15T, 92-95, 94, 95 trench 16T, 95-96
trench 17T, 96-98, 97, 99,101 site-wide synthesis, 99-103 midden, 92, 98, 141, 142 millstones, 416 Mithra, head of, 21 molluscs, 474. See also individual species ancient to modern, 128,129 Archaic, 125, 726 assemblage, 121-123,122, 722 burrowing behavior, 122, 125, 130 Classical-Hellenistic, 128, 727, 128 distribution, 124—125, 725 lagoon species, 122-123 late Archaic-Classical, 126-127,127 in ritual, 128-130 role at Bonjakët, 130 montmorillonite, 88, 101 mortaria, 239, 248, 249 mortars, 183, 209, 229, 239 mosaic, 4, 5, 12, 17 n. 17, 21-22, 85 associated sculptures, 21 MRAP, 1, 9, 301, 309,477, 479 Muka, Belisa, 303 museum of Apollonia, 9, 21, 285,468 mussels, 122, 123, 725, 125, 726, 127, 129, 130 Mytilus. See mussels Myzeqe coastal plain, 23, 24, 26-31 nails, 193, 206, 228,405, 406 Naliokina, Μ A, 22 National Centre of Scientific Research, 297, 420, 424 necropolis of Apollonia, 477
INDEX Neotethys Ocean, 24 oak, 131, 136-139, 142 oinochoai, 18, 150, 169, 171, 178, 179, 218, 220, 226, 227, 237, 289, 297, 308, 411^113 Olea. See olive olive, 131,133-136, 136-143, 474 olpe, 235, 241 ophiolites, 24,25, 26 “Palace of Nestor” (Pylos), 118 pear / apple / hawthorn, 132-143,133-136 perirrhanteria. See louteria pessoi, 417 “Pheidias” mugs, 150, 201 phialai, 18, 81, 178, 239, 243, 245, 252, 287-291, 291, 297, 305, 307, 469 pigments, 81, 239, 289, 290, 292, 293, 295, 296, 298-300, 423,424,443, 444, 465 pigs, 110, 111,112, 112, 118 pine, 132,133-136, 136-139, 142 pins, 79, 81,404^106, 413, 423,469 Pinus. See pine pitcher, 203 pithoi, 167, 249 plane (tree), 132,133, 134, 136, 138, 142 plant remains, 474. See also individual species Archaic, 136-137 Bonjakët sanctuary (comparison), 135-136 Classical-Hellenistic, 138 Late Archaic-Early Classical, 137 materials recovered, 132,132 recovery methods, 132, 134, 135 ritual, usein, 131,135, 137, 140 plaques, 153, 290, 296, 297, 310,445 Platanus. See plane (tree) plates, 153, 155, 157, 160, 161, 163, 217, 227, 249, 251,252 Pliny the Elder, 424 pod grass, 139 Pojan, 1,9,12, 33,43 poleis, 138, 304,310,311,477 pollen, 104, 138, 139, 142 poloi, 287-291, 296, 298, 302, 303, 305, 307, 310 pomegranates (pottery), 77,200,235,299,300,309 population, 301,476 postmedieval ceramics, 269-271, 271 503 pottery. See also individualforms chronology, 250 concordance, 279-284 deposit dates by trench, 481-^-84 excavation methodology, 145-146 Ottoman, 184, 209 in ritual, 145, 146, 161, 166, 251-252 Roman, 160, 184,187, 204, 217 and temple
destruction, 252 and votive activity, 146, 161, 251 pottery by trench, 01T, 146-161,147,148-149 deposit E, 150-153,151,152 deposit D, 153-154,154 deposit C, 155-156,156 deposit B, 157-159,158,159 deposit A, 159-161,161 02T, 162,162, 163-164 deposite, 163 deposit B, 163,163 deposit A, 163,163 03T, 164-175, 765-766, 167 deposit E, 164 deposit D, 164-169,168 deposite, 169-171,170,171 deposit B, 171-174,172,173 deposit A, 174-175,175 04T, 175,176 05T/10T, 176-186,177-178, 179 deposit F, 178-180,180 deposit E, 180,181,182 deposit D, 183,183 deposit C, 182,182 deposit B, 183-184,184 deposit A, 184-186,185,186 06T, 07T, 08T, 09T, 186-188,187,188 11T, 188-196,189-190, 191 deposit F, 190-193,192 deposit E, 192, 193 deposit D, 193 deposit C, 193-194,194 deposit B, 194-195,194 deposit A, 195-196,195 12T, 196-205,197,198 deposit F/G, 204, 204 deposit E, 196-200,199 deposit D/C, 200, 200
504 DAVIS ET AL. pottery by trench: 12T, continued deposit В, 201, 201 deposit А, 201-203, 202 13Т, 205-206, 205 deposit В, 205 deposit А, 206, 206 14Т, 206-209, 207,207, 208 15Т 209-230, 214 deposit N, 209,210-213, 215 deposit M, 215-217, 216 deposit L, 217, 217 deposit К, 218, 218 depositi, 218-219, 219 depositi, 219, 219 deposit H, 219-220, 219 deposit G, 220-221, 220 deposit F, 221, 221 deposit E, 222, 222 deposit D, 223, 223 deposit C, 223-228, 224-226 deposit В, 228-230, 229 deposit А, 230 16Т, 230-245, 231-232, 233 deposit I, 232-235, 234, 242 deposit H, 234, 235-236,236, 242 deposit G, 236-237, 237, 242 deposit F, 237-243,238, 240, 241, 242 deposit E, 244, 244 deposits B/C/D, 244 deposit A, 244-245, 245 17T, 245-250, 246, 2ΑΊ deposit C, 245-429, 248 deposit B, 249, 249 deposit A, 250, 250 protomai, 18, 153, 155, 156, 292, 292, 294, 296302, 308-309 Pyrus / Malus / Cratageus. See pear / apple / haw thorn pyxides, 153, 155, 185, 195, 215, 217, 235, 239, 243 lids, 70, 215, 403, 404,417, 469, 470 Quercus. See oak radiocarbon dating, 15, 30, 34, 40, 48, 104 Rheneiacups, 169, 171 Risser, Martha, 255 ritual, 85, 115, 139-140, 155, 174, 251-252, 295, 302,310-311,469-474 cleaning, 296 dedications, 164, 175 dining, 124,140,141,146,150,176,252,253 drinking, 146, 161, 166, 169, 243, 252, 253 libations, 81, 146, 161, 252, 307, 309 local variation, 310 plant use in, 131, 137, 140, pottery in, 145,146, 161, 166, 251-252 wood use in, 142-143 rivers, 27, 29, 84, 90, 100, 121. See also individual rivers Roman remains, 5, 15, 203, 406, 414. See also kilns; mosaic Roskovec wetland,
139, 142 Sabetai, Vicky, 308 sacrificial offerings, 98, 130 sex of, 118, 304,474 salinity, 9, 122, 124 Sanctuary of Apollo and Artemis, 140 Sanctuary of Artemis, 292 Sanctuary of Demeter, 129 Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore, 129, 140-142 Sanctuary of Hera, 5, 129 Sanctuary of Hermes and Aphrodite, 129 Sanctuary of Poseidon, 5, 128, 140 sands, 30 scallops, 121, 130 Scheuchzeria. See pod grass sediments, 26-31. See also micromorphology seeds, 131, 137 Seman river, 23, 27,28, 29, 121 sheep, 112-118,110, 112,115, 472 shells. See molluscs signet ring (bronze), 20 skeletal remains. See bones skyphoi, 77, 81, 150, 152-252 passim, 255-260, 469 Archaic, 255-256,256 chronology, 255 Classical, 257-259, 259 Classical-Hellenistic, 260, 260 Heron Class, 164, 199 Late Archaic, 257, 258, 259 slags, 421-423, 422,441^142
INDEX snails, 121-126,123, 129, 130 socioeconomic interaction, 138 spindle whorl, 81,417 stelai, 5, 55, 57, 291,445, 447,474, 475 stephanai, 287, 305, 307 Stocker, Sharon R, 477,478 stone, 416-417,433^137 stopper, 417 stratigraphy, 33, 36 trench 01T, 37-41, 38-39, 40, 41 trench 02T, 41-43, 42, 42, 43 trench 03T, 43^18, 44-47, 48, 50 trench 04T, 49-50, 49 trench 05T, 50-53, 51, 52, 53 trench 06T, 53, 55-56, 57, 59 trench 07T, 53, 54, 55, 57, 59 trench 08T, 53,55-56, 57, 59 trench 09T, 53, 55, 57, 59 trench 10T, 50-53, 52 trench 11T, 59-61, 58, 59, 60 trench 12T, 61-65, 62-64, 65 trench 13T, 66-69, 66, 67, 68 trench 14T, 69, 70 trench 15T, 70-76, 71-74, 75 trench 16T, 76-81, 77, 78, 79 trench 17T, 80, 81-84, 82, 83, 83 surface survey, 5, 9, 452 sympotic-style drinking, 154, 161 syncretism, 140, 141 tectonics, 23-29 coastal development, 26-29 palaeotectonic models, 23, 24 teeth (animal), 84, 109-111, 113, 115, 116, 118 temple at Bonjakët, 1, 5, 33, 139 abandonment I destruction of, 253,459, 478 building blocks, 416 cessation of cult, 478 construction history, 188, 190, 196 constructions predating, 468^169 dedication, 5,141,253,285,304,309,311,474 dimensions, 453 Doric columns 460—4-62, 462, 463 euthynteria, 454 foundations, 5, 14, 15, 176, 452-459, 452458, 471 guttae, 463^-64, 464 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München 505 limestone, 459-460,460, 461 marble, 467, 467,468 marble revetement, 472, 475 plan, 452,452, 453 pry hole, 454, 455 sima fragment, 465, 465 superstructure, 5, 453,454,459 T-clamp, 473,474 terracotta, architectural, 465-468, 466 walls, 12, 17, 20, 56 water
channel, 17, 18,473,475 Temple of Poseidon, 5, 128, 140 terracing, 139, 140 terracotta small finds, 417-420, 418,419,438-440. See also figurines tesserae, 21-22, 217, 261, 417 thymiateria, 153, 200, 204, 239 tile, 146, 243, 273-274, 276, 278, 276-278, 420421,470, 471 trenches, 15,19, 33,34, 36, 124 Triticum. See wheat unguentaria, 188, 195, 203, 227, 247, 250,415 University of Arizona, 88 University of Cincinnati, 1, 479 University of Tirana, 479 vegetation. See plant remains veils, 287, 289, 290, 292, 295, 298-300, 305-310. See also anakalypsis, poloi, stephanai vitrified ceramics. See under slags Vjosa river, 9, 23, 29, 30, 50, 66, 84, 85, 87, 121, 122, 140 votive deposits, 137-140, 143, 146, 152, 174-175, 178,469 votive dump, 110, 111, 115,118,139, 142,150,252 wedding imagery (Bonjakët), 306-310 weddings, 285, 297, 304-310,474 weights, 417 wheat, 131,132, 135, 137-141 wood, 15, 37, 40, 43, 44, 45, 48, 70, 72, 131-139, 133,136. See also fuel ritual use of, 142-143 wool-working, 235 Zog I, King of Albania (Ahmet Zogu), 1, 33, 476
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CONTENTS List of Figures IX List of Tables XIX Preface THE BONJAKËT SITE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE. Jack L. Davis, Sharon R. Stocker, Vangjel Dimo, and Iris Pojani 1 Part 1 THE EXCAVATION Chapter 1 A HISTORY OF EXPLORATION AT THE BONJAKËT SITE. 9 Jack L. Davis, Sharon R. Stocker, Vangjel Dimo, and Iris Pojani Appendix EXCAVATION REPORT ON SECTOR “N” (1960): PRELIMINARY REPORT. 17 Skënder AnamalF Chapter 2 THE GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING OF THE BONJAKËT SITE. 23 Tammie L. Gerke Chapter 3 EXCAVATION AND STRATIGRAPHY. 33 Jack L. Davis, Tammie L. Gerke, and Evi Gorogianni Appendix MICROMORPHOLOGY AND SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY. 87 Susan Μ. Mentzer v
Part II THE FINDS FROM THE EXCAVATION Chapter 4 THE FAUNAL REMAINS.109 Paul Halstead, Valasia Isaakidou, and Vasiliki Tzevelekidi Chapter 5 THE MARINE AND TERRESTIAL MOLLUSCS : A TAPHONOMIC STUDY. 121 Deborah Ruscillo Chapter 6 LANDSCAPE, VEGETATION, AND PLANT USE AT THE BONJAKËT SANCTUARY: MACROBOTANICAL REMAINS FROM THE EXCAVATION.131 Susan E. Allen, with contributions from Evi Mărgăriți Chapter 7 THE POTTERY. 145 Kathleen Μ. Lynch Appendix 7.1 VOTIVE SKYPHOI.255 Kathleen Μ. Lynch Appendix 7.2 BANDED CLOSED VESSELS. 261 Kathleen Μ. Lynch Appendix 7.3 POSTMEDIEVAL CERAMICS.269 Joanita Vroom Appendix 7.4 BRICK AND TILE. Kathleen Μ. Lynch 273 CONCORDANCE.279 Kathleen Μ.
Lynch Chapter 8 THE FIGURINES : A STRATIGRAPHIC AL AND TYPOLOGICAL OVERVIEW. 285 Sharon R. Stocker Appendix ALBANO-RUSSIAN FIGURINES. 385 Sharon R. Stocker vi
Chapter 9 THE SMALL FINDS. 403 Jack L. Davis, Sharon R. Stocker, Hariclia Brecoulaki, Maria Perla Colombini, Myrto Georgakopoulou, Shpresa Gjoncecaj, Andreas Karydas, Noémi Müller, Erika Ribechini, and Allison Sterrett-Krause Chapter 10 INSCRIPTIONS. 445 Jack L. Davis and Sharon R. Stocker Part III THE HISTORY OF THE BONJAKËT SITE Chapter 11 THE TEMPLE, THE HISTORY OF THE SITE, AND CULT PRACTICE. 451 Jack L. Davis, Sharon R. Stocker, and Kathleen Μ. Lynch Chapter 12 THE BONJAKËT SITE IN RETROSPECT.477 Jack L. Davis, Sharon R. Stocker, Iris Pojani, and Vangjel Dimo CERAMIC DATES OF DEPOSITS BY TRENCH. 481 Kathleen Μ. Lynch REFERENCES. 485 INDEX. 499 vii
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2019. “The Gournia Kiln and Associated Structures,” in Thesprotia Expedition IV; Region Transformed by Empire, ed. B. Forsén, Helsinki, pp. 103-169. Uhlenbrock, J. P. 1988. The Terracotta Protomai from Gela: A Discussion of Local Style in Archaic Sicily (StArch 50), Rome. ------- . 2016. “Research Perspectives in Greek Coroplastic Studies: The Demeter Paradigm and the Goddess Bias,” Les Carnets de l’ACoSt [Online] 14, http://acost.revues.org/812. Vamvaka, A., A. Kilias, D. Mountrakis, and J. Papaoikonomou. 2006. “Geometry and Structural Evolution of the Mesohellenic Trough (Greece): A New Approach,” in Tectonic Development of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (Geological Society, London, Special Publication 260), ed. A. H. E Robertson and D. Mountrakis, London, pp. 521-538. van Rooijen, G. 2021. Goddesses ofAkragas: A Study of the Terracotta Votive Figurines from Sicily, Leiden. Veen, Μ. van der, and N. Fieller. 1982. “Sampling Seeds,” JAS 9, pp. 287-298. Verger, S., and S. Shpuza. 2014. “La fouille sur l’agora,” http://cefr.revues.org/1102, §§27-31. Vila, E. 2000. “Bone Remains from Sacrificial Places: The Temples of Athena Aiea at Tegea and of Asea on Agios Elias (the Peloponnese, Greece),” in Archaeozoology of the Near East: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on the Archaeozoology of Southwestern Asia and Adjacent Areas (Archaeology of the Near East 4.2), ed. Μ. Mashkour, A. Μ. Choyke, H. Buitenhuis, and F. Poplin, Groningen, pp. 197-205. Villing, A. 2009. “The Daily Grind of Ancient Greece: Mortars and Mortaria between Symbol and Reality,” in Shapes and
Uses of Greek Vases (7th-4th Centuries B.C.) (Etudes d’Archéologie 3), ed. A. Tsingarida, Brussels, pp. 319-333. Vrekaj, B. 1993. “Katalog amforash të gjetura ne Apoloni (Shek. Ill P.E.S.-Shek. II E.S.),” Iliria 23, pp. 161-199. -------. 1994. “Zbukurimi në qeramikën helenistike të Apolonisë,” Iliria 24, pp. 165-206. ------- . 2001-2002. “Unguentarium të Apolonisë,” Iliria 30, pp. 189-210. Weinberg, G. D. 1992. Glass Vessels in Ancient Greece: Their History Illustrated from the Collection of the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Athens. Weinberg, S. 1954. “Corinthian Relief Ware: Pre-Hellenistic Period,” Hesperia 23, pp. 109-137. Wieder, Μ., and D. H. Yaalon 1982. “Micromorphological Fabrics and Developmental Stages of Carbonate Nodular Forms Related to Soil Characteristics,” Geoderma 28, pp. 203-220. Wolff, P. 1978. “Das Tieropfer am Artemisaltar von Ephesos,” in Studien zur Religion und Kultur Kleinasiens (Études préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l’empire romain 66.1), ed. A. Bammer, A. F. Brein, and P. Wolff, Leiden, pp. 107-115. Xhuveli, L., and J. Schultze-Motël. 1995. “Neolithic Cultivated Plants from Albania,” Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 4, pp. 245-248. Yazvenko, S., and Μ. E. Timpson. 2003. “Paleoecology in the Vicinity of Apollonia, Central Albania,” Bonjakët archives in the Department of Classics, University of Cincinnati. Zuntz, G. 1971. Persephone: Three Essays on Religion and Thought in Magna Graecia, Oxford.
INDEX Page numbers in bold refer to illustrations, those in italic to tables. askoi, 200, 221 Astarte, 307 astragali, 77, 79, 116,116, 119, 160,443, 469 “Aneissa” brooch, 20 Acanthocardia. See cockles acropolis of Apollonia, 2, 10,10,477-479 agriculture, 20, 139-141 agricultural economy, 138 alabaster pyxis lid, 70, 215, 403, 404, 417, 469 alabastra, 409-413 Albania, 11 coastal development, 4-5, 26-29,27 geological map, 25 tectonics, 23-26 alluvial deposits, 29,30, 87, 88,92,95,96,99, 100, 102-104 altars, 9, 15, 21, 70, 72, 215,416, 452, 469, 472 aluminum, 403,429 amber, 179,404,423^124,443 Amore, Maria Grazia, 478 amphorai, 150, 159, 163, 166, 174, 184, 188, 201203,223, 262-265 transport, 152, 164, 168, 183, 217,477 amphoriskoi. See unguentaria anakalypsis, 289, 292, 295, 299, 306-310 Anamalı, Skënder, 10, 12, 17, 19, 285, 286, 469, 475 anathyrosis, 456, 456, 460, 461, 475 animal remains. See faunal remains animal sacrifice. See sacrificial offerings Aphrodite, 5, 119, 129, 285, 290, 308 Apollonia, 1,17, 26, 28, 122, 243, 285,477 acropolis, 2, 10,10, 477-^-79 museum, 9, 21, 285, 468 necropolis, 477 Roman period, 294, 478 settlement patterns, 477, 478 architrave block, 15, 57 Artemis, 5, 305, 308, 311,448,474 stele, 5, 55, 57,447, 474, 475 Artemision (Ephesus), 129 aryballoi, 180, 182, 235,411 banded closed vessels, 155, 184, 201, 206, 222223,228, 251-252, 261-266 amphorai. See amphorai chronology, 266-267 hydriai. See hydriai typology, 262-266, 263, 264, 266 barley, 131,136, 137, 139-141 Bassiakos, Yannis, 297 beads, 298,413 Bejko, Lorenc, 9,478 bivalves, 122,122,123, 126,
128-130 boar, 110, 112, 112 bolsals, 226, 251 bone marrow, 116,472 bones (animal), 92, 109-119,110-115, 150, 443 astragali. See astragali femurs, 113, 115, 118, 472 gnawing of, 109-112,112, 113, 115, 118, 157 mammal, 109,116 mandibles, 113, 115, 117, 118,472 working of, 116 bones (human), 20 Bonjakët compound, 1, 3, 6, 9,13, 34, 453, 479 Bonjakët family, 15, 285,453 Hamdi, 1, 17,33 Islami, 33 Nurredin, 15, 33, 453 Pranvera, 15, 50, 453 Sejdi, 1,33 Shuaip, 33, 453 Bonjakët houses, 1, 17, 33, 35 Bonjakët site, 1, 2. See also geomorphology archaeological history, 85 499
500 DAVIS ET AL. Bonjakët site, continued depositional history, 84, 87 Hellenistic / Roman, 475 landscape context, 4-5, 29 location, 23 map, 12 ritual at. See ritual setting in antiquity, 30 vandalism of, 57, 475 vegetable garden, 14, 15, 50, 52 botanical remains. See plant remains bowls, 152, 155, 193, 217, 218, 227, 251, 252, 413 braziers, 169, 227, 248 brick, 67-68,146,273,274,275,420,421. See also tile bronze, 20,57,79,81,186,239,403-406, 405,417, 423,425 butchery, 109, 111, 115, 118,472 Butrint region, 27, 139 Cassel cup, 150 cattle, 109,110, 112, 114, 112-118,472 cauldrons, 81, 186, 239 ceramics. See pottery ceramics workshop, 66, 69 Cerastoderma. See cockles cereals, 131,132, 135, 137, 140, 141, 143 Cerithium. See gastropods (marine) charcoal, 37,40,48,84,92,93,131, 133,136,733֊ 134, 138, 139, 157 cheir’epi karpo, 29Ί, 308, 310 Chlamys. See scallops chous, 218 chytrai, 150, 157, 203, 217, 227, 248 city-states. See poleis coastline, development of, 4-5, 26-29, 27 cockles, 121-130,124 coins, 57, 61, 65, 75, 85, 159, 188, 194-195, 203֊ 204, 206, 230,406,426, 460, 475 cooking, 111, 116, 169,474 cooking ware, 143, 150, 153, 155, 157, 159, 175, 183,203,217,223,227,252 Corycean cave, 119 cows. See cattle cult practice. See ritual deer (red), 110,112, 112 deforestation, 139 Demeter, 10, 18, 20, 141, 285 Dimo, Vangjel, 9 dinos, 150, 227, 404 dog, 110, 111,772, 112 Donax. See bivalves Droop cup, 166 drought, 140, 142 earthquakes, 24, 31 earthworms, 103 echinoderms, 122, 722 echinus bowl, 193, 196, 228,462 eggs (pottery), 81, 239, 300, 309 einkorn. See wheat Epidamnus, 292,
302, 308 Epiros, 139, 140, 143 Eros, 5, 285, 288-291, 291, 294, 297, 299, 303, 305, 307-309 exaleiptra, 153, 183, 185,227 excavation 1960 (Albano-Russian), 4, 5, 10, 12,19, 20,285, 286 brick and tile, 20 graves, 20-21 mosaic, 4, 5, 12, 17 n. 17, 21-22, 85 trench plan, 19 excavation strategy 2004-2006, 12, 15 faunal remains, 472, 474 anatomical composition, 113-116,114, 115 assemblage, 110-111, 770, 777 demographic composition, 116-118, 777 formation processes, 111, 772, 113 methodology, 109-110 taxonomic composition, 112-113 Ficus. See fig Fier, 4, 23, 24, 27,479 fig, 131, 137,137, 138 figurines, 142, 253 1960 excavation. See figurines (1960) 2004-2006 excavation. See figurines (20046) Corinthian, 290 description, 285 gender, 285 and weddings. See weddings
INDEX figurines (1960), 18, 20, 285, 286, 386-400 (evennumbered pages), 387-401 (odd-numbered pages) double-reclining 287-290, 288; type 1, 287288; type 2, 288-289; type 3, 298-290 protomai, 292-293, 292 referring, 291, 291 figurines (2004-6), 293-295, 301 Archaic, 294-295, 301-302 Classical, 294-296, 302-303 heads, 294,298, 299, 303 Hellenistic, 294-296, 303 iconography, 303-304 kissing, 309 plaques, 295 protomai, 294-295, 302 reclining, 17,18, 294, 303-304, 384 standing / seated, 295, 298 by trench: 01T, 296-297 , 313-359 (odd-numbered pages), 312-358 (even-numbered pages) 03T, 297, 360, 361, 362, 363 04T, 298, 364, 365 05T, 298, 364, 365, 366, 367 07T, 09T, 10T, 298 1 IT, 299, 366, 367 12T, 299, 368, 369, 370, 371 13T, 299, 370, 371 14T, 299, 370, 371 15T, 299-300, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377,378, 379 16T, 300-301,378, 379,380, 381,382, 383 17T, 301, 382, 383 fillets, 18, 287, 289, 290, 292, 296, 303, 307, 309, 310 flooding, 31, 84, 85, 100, 121, 130, 469,474 food. See also ritual dining consumption, 155, 157 distribution, 138-139 production, 138-139 Fouache, Eric, 4, 30, 31 Frakulla ridge, 28-30, 121 fruits, 131,135, 136, 140 fuel, 139, 143,474 gastropods (marine), 122,123, 126 gastropods (terrestrial). See snails 501 geomorphology, 23 glass, 195, 239, 304,408^116, 410, 412, 414, 430432 goats, 110, 113, 116,472 Gondwana Land, 23 Grose, David, 410 guttae, 203,227,463-465, 464 hair (figurines), 292, 295, 297-299, 302, 307 Daedalic style, 298 Medusa-like, 292, 295, 302 handstone, 416 hares, 110, 112, 112 head (marble), 49, 50, 175 heads (figurines), 294, 298, 299, 303
Hera, 143, 235 Hera Apia, 142, 143 Heraion, 128-129 highway (proposed), 4,479 himatia, 287 Hordeum. See barley horses, 110, 112, 112 House of Orpheus, Cyprus, 291 Hoxha, Enver, 12, 478 hydriai, 20, 150, 184, 188, 193, 201, 202, 223, 241, 262-265, 305 inscriptions, 445-448, 446 insects, 89,90, 93, 95, 98, 100, 138 Institute of Archaeology, Tirana, 1, 12,479 International Centre for Albanian Archaeology, 1, 4,479 iron, 406, 407,427-429 metallurgy, 422-423 Islami. See Bonjakët ivory, 193,423, 423,443 Kabirion, 119 kalathoi, 77, 81, 179, 180, 209, 217, 233, 235, 239, 243,251 kantharoi, 155, 157, 159, 175, 195, 203, 226, 228, 251 kilns, 15, 66, 85, 124, 205, 417, 475 klinai, 285, 287, 289, 297, 302, 303, 308 knucklebones. See astragali Komast cup, 150 Kommos, 129
502 DAVIS ET AL. Korabi zone, 26 korai, 179, 182, 298 Kore, 10, 18,20, 141,235, 285 fertility cult 21 Kosovo, 1, 26, 33, 85, 476 kotylai, 180, 235, 237, 251 krateriskos, 169 kraters, 154, 169, 183, 184, 200, 201, 215, 223 Kybele, 307 kylikes, 150, 161, 180, 182, 190, 193, 198, 209, 215,241,251 labor organization, 138 lagoons, 5, 26-30, 27, 84, 85,122-126 lagynos, 187, 227 lamps, 153, 163, 185,209, 219, 223, 227, 229, 239, 241 land use, 138-140. See also agriculture local environment and, 160 lead, 408, 408,429 legumes, 132,135, 136, 138, 139, 140, 142 Leguminosae. See legumes lekanai, 163 lekythoi, 150, 182, 184, 190, 200, 201, 215, 217, 218,235,241,242 libations, 81,146,161,252,307,309. See also ritual limestone, 459—460,460 altar, 469, 472 soils, 139 loomweights, 184, 304, 417 lopadia, 155, 157,203,227 louteria, 166, 169, 245, 249 Mallakastra hills, 23, 29, 267 Mallakastra Regional Archaeological Project. See MRAP maps and plans, 10-13,19,25, 27,34, 452 marble, 5, 21, 90, 93, 95, 182, 221, 298, 416, 445, 454,459, 465,467, 468 head, 49, 50, 175 revetment, 194, 472,475 Margelliç, 477 marriage, 143, 285, 297, 304-311, 474. See also weddings McClellan, Murray, 409,410 meat consumption, 115, 116, 169, 472. See also food; ritual dining metals, 104,116,230,403-408, 425-427,429, 469. See also individual metals coins. See coins precious, 403 vessels, 469 Metaponto, 290, 292, 296, 303, 307, 309, 310 micromorphology, analytical methods, 88 archaeological significance, 103-104 features, 88-90, 89 interpretation, 90 trench 03T, 90-92, 91 trench 15T, 92-95, 94, 95 trench 16T, 95-96
trench 17T, 96-98, 97, 99,101 site-wide synthesis, 99-103 midden, 92, 98, 141, 142 millstones, 416 Mithra, head of, 21 molluscs, 474. See also individual species ancient to modern, 128,129 Archaic, 125, 726 assemblage, 121-123,122, 722 burrowing behavior, 122, 125, 130 Classical-Hellenistic, 128, 727, 128 distribution, 124—125, 725 lagoon species, 122-123 late Archaic-Classical, 126-127,127 in ritual, 128-130 role at Bonjakët, 130 montmorillonite, 88, 101 mortaria, 239, 248, 249 mortars, 183, 209, 229, 239 mosaic, 4, 5, 12, 17 n. 17, 21-22, 85 associated sculptures, 21 MRAP, 1, 9, 301, 309,477, 479 Muka, Belisa, 303 museum of Apollonia, 9, 21, 285,468 mussels, 122, 123, 725, 125, 726, 127, 129, 130 Mytilus. See mussels Myzeqe coastal plain, 23, 24, 26-31 nails, 193, 206, 228,405, 406 Naliokina, Μ A, 22 National Centre of Scientific Research, 297, 420, 424 necropolis of Apollonia, 477
INDEX Neotethys Ocean, 24 oak, 131, 136-139, 142 oinochoai, 18, 150, 169, 171, 178, 179, 218, 220, 226, 227, 237, 289, 297, 308, 411^113 Olea. See olive olive, 131,133-136, 136-143, 474 olpe, 235, 241 ophiolites, 24,25, 26 “Palace of Nestor” (Pylos), 118 pear / apple / hawthorn, 132-143,133-136 perirrhanteria. See louteria pessoi, 417 “Pheidias” mugs, 150, 201 phialai, 18, 81, 178, 239, 243, 245, 252, 287-291, 291, 297, 305, 307, 469 pigments, 81, 239, 289, 290, 292, 293, 295, 296, 298-300, 423,424,443, 444, 465 pigs, 110, 111,112, 112, 118 pine, 132,133-136, 136-139, 142 pins, 79, 81,404^106, 413, 423,469 Pinus. See pine pitcher, 203 pithoi, 167, 249 plane (tree), 132,133, 134, 136, 138, 142 plant remains, 474. See also individual species Archaic, 136-137 Bonjakët sanctuary (comparison), 135-136 Classical-Hellenistic, 138 Late Archaic-Early Classical, 137 materials recovered, 132,132 recovery methods, 132, 134, 135 ritual, usein, 131,135, 137, 140 plaques, 153, 290, 296, 297, 310,445 Platanus. See plane (tree) plates, 153, 155, 157, 160, 161, 163, 217, 227, 249, 251,252 Pliny the Elder, 424 pod grass, 139 Pojan, 1,9,12, 33,43 poleis, 138, 304,310,311,477 pollen, 104, 138, 139, 142 poloi, 287-291, 296, 298, 302, 303, 305, 307, 310 pomegranates (pottery), 77,200,235,299,300,309 population, 301,476 postmedieval ceramics, 269-271, 271 503 pottery. See also individualforms chronology, 250 concordance, 279-284 deposit dates by trench, 481-^-84 excavation methodology, 145-146 Ottoman, 184, 209 in ritual, 145, 146, 161, 166, 251-252 Roman, 160, 184,187, 204, 217 and temple
destruction, 252 and votive activity, 146, 161, 251 pottery by trench, 01T, 146-161,147,148-149 deposit E, 150-153,151,152 deposit D, 153-154,154 deposit C, 155-156,156 deposit B, 157-159,158,159 deposit A, 159-161,161 02T, 162,162, 163-164 deposite, 163 deposit B, 163,163 deposit A, 163,163 03T, 164-175, 765-766, 167 deposit E, 164 deposit D, 164-169,168 deposite, 169-171,170,171 deposit B, 171-174,172,173 deposit A, 174-175,175 04T, 175,176 05T/10T, 176-186,177-178, 179 deposit F, 178-180,180 deposit E, 180,181,182 deposit D, 183,183 deposit C, 182,182 deposit B, 183-184,184 deposit A, 184-186,185,186 06T, 07T, 08T, 09T, 186-188,187,188 11T, 188-196,189-190, 191 deposit F, 190-193,192 deposit E, 192, 193 deposit D, 193 deposit C, 193-194,194 deposit B, 194-195,194 deposit A, 195-196,195 12T, 196-205,197,198 deposit F/G, 204, 204 deposit E, 196-200,199 deposit D/C, 200, 200
504 DAVIS ET AL. pottery by trench: 12T, continued deposit В, 201, 201 deposit А, 201-203, 202 13Т, 205-206, 205 deposit В, 205 deposit А, 206, 206 14Т, 206-209, 207,207, 208 15Т 209-230, 214 deposit N, 209,210-213, 215 deposit M, 215-217, 216 deposit L, 217, 217 deposit К, 218, 218 depositi, 218-219, 219 depositi, 219, 219 deposit H, 219-220, 219 deposit G, 220-221, 220 deposit F, 221, 221 deposit E, 222, 222 deposit D, 223, 223 deposit C, 223-228, 224-226 deposit В, 228-230, 229 deposit А, 230 16Т, 230-245, 231-232, 233 deposit I, 232-235, 234, 242 deposit H, 234, 235-236,236, 242 deposit G, 236-237, 237, 242 deposit F, 237-243,238, 240, 241, 242 deposit E, 244, 244 deposits B/C/D, 244 deposit A, 244-245, 245 17T, 245-250, 246, 2ΑΊ deposit C, 245-429, 248 deposit B, 249, 249 deposit A, 250, 250 protomai, 18, 153, 155, 156, 292, 292, 294, 296302, 308-309 Pyrus / Malus / Cratageus. See pear / apple / haw thorn pyxides, 153, 155, 185, 195, 215, 217, 235, 239, 243 lids, 70, 215, 403, 404,417, 469, 470 Quercus. See oak radiocarbon dating, 15, 30, 34, 40, 48, 104 Rheneiacups, 169, 171 Risser, Martha, 255 ritual, 85, 115, 139-140, 155, 174, 251-252, 295, 302,310-311,469-474 cleaning, 296 dedications, 164, 175 dining, 124,140,141,146,150,176,252,253 drinking, 146, 161, 166, 169, 243, 252, 253 libations, 81, 146, 161, 252, 307, 309 local variation, 310 plant use in, 131, 137, 140, pottery in, 145,146, 161, 166, 251-252 wood use in, 142-143 rivers, 27, 29, 84, 90, 100, 121. See also individual rivers Roman remains, 5, 15, 203, 406, 414. See also kilns; mosaic Roskovec wetland,
139, 142 Sabetai, Vicky, 308 sacrificial offerings, 98, 130 sex of, 118, 304,474 salinity, 9, 122, 124 Sanctuary of Apollo and Artemis, 140 Sanctuary of Artemis, 292 Sanctuary of Demeter, 129 Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore, 129, 140-142 Sanctuary of Hera, 5, 129 Sanctuary of Hermes and Aphrodite, 129 Sanctuary of Poseidon, 5, 128, 140 sands, 30 scallops, 121, 130 Scheuchzeria. See pod grass sediments, 26-31. See also micromorphology seeds, 131, 137 Seman river, 23, 27,28, 29, 121 sheep, 112-118,110, 112,115, 472 shells. See molluscs signet ring (bronze), 20 skeletal remains. See bones skyphoi, 77, 81, 150, 152-252 passim, 255-260, 469 Archaic, 255-256,256 chronology, 255 Classical, 257-259, 259 Classical-Hellenistic, 260, 260 Heron Class, 164, 199 Late Archaic, 257, 258, 259 slags, 421-423, 422,441^142
INDEX snails, 121-126,123, 129, 130 socioeconomic interaction, 138 spindle whorl, 81,417 stelai, 5, 55, 57, 291,445, 447,474, 475 stephanai, 287, 305, 307 Stocker, Sharon R, 477,478 stone, 416-417,433^137 stopper, 417 stratigraphy, 33, 36 trench 01T, 37-41, 38-39, 40, 41 trench 02T, 41-43, 42, 42, 43 trench 03T, 43^18, 44-47, 48, 50 trench 04T, 49-50, 49 trench 05T, 50-53, 51, 52, 53 trench 06T, 53, 55-56, 57, 59 trench 07T, 53, 54, 55, 57, 59 trench 08T, 53,55-56, 57, 59 trench 09T, 53, 55, 57, 59 trench 10T, 50-53, 52 trench 11T, 59-61, 58, 59, 60 trench 12T, 61-65, 62-64, 65 trench 13T, 66-69, 66, 67, 68 trench 14T, 69, 70 trench 15T, 70-76, 71-74, 75 trench 16T, 76-81, 77, 78, 79 trench 17T, 80, 81-84, 82, 83, 83 surface survey, 5, 9, 452 sympotic-style drinking, 154, 161 syncretism, 140, 141 tectonics, 23-29 coastal development, 26-29 palaeotectonic models, 23, 24 teeth (animal), 84, 109-111, 113, 115, 116, 118 temple at Bonjakët, 1, 5, 33, 139 abandonment I destruction of, 253,459, 478 building blocks, 416 cessation of cult, 478 construction history, 188, 190, 196 constructions predating, 468^169 dedication, 5,141,253,285,304,309,311,474 dimensions, 453 Doric columns 460—4-62, 462, 463 euthynteria, 454 foundations, 5, 14, 15, 176, 452-459, 452458, 471 guttae, 463^-64, 464 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München 505 limestone, 459-460,460, 461 marble, 467, 467,468 marble revetement, 472, 475 plan, 452,452, 453 pry hole, 454, 455 sima fragment, 465, 465 superstructure, 5, 453,454,459 T-clamp, 473,474 terracotta, architectural, 465-468, 466 walls, 12, 17, 20, 56 water
channel, 17, 18,473,475 Temple of Poseidon, 5, 128, 140 terracing, 139, 140 terracotta small finds, 417-420, 418,419,438-440. See also figurines tesserae, 21-22, 217, 261, 417 thymiateria, 153, 200, 204, 239 tile, 146, 243, 273-274, 276, 278, 276-278, 420421,470, 471 trenches, 15,19, 33,34, 36, 124 Triticum. See wheat unguentaria, 188, 195, 203, 227, 247, 250,415 University of Arizona, 88 University of Cincinnati, 1, 479 University of Tirana, 479 vegetation. See plant remains veils, 287, 289, 290, 292, 295, 298-300, 305-310. See also anakalypsis, poloi, stephanai vitrified ceramics. See under slags Vjosa river, 9, 23, 29, 30, 50, 66, 84, 85, 87, 121, 122, 140 votive deposits, 137-140, 143, 146, 152, 174-175, 178,469 votive dump, 110, 111, 115,118,139, 142,150,252 wedding imagery (Bonjakët), 306-310 weddings, 285, 297, 304-310,474 weights, 417 wheat, 131,132, 135, 137-141 wood, 15, 37, 40, 43, 44, 45, 48, 70, 72, 131-139, 133,136. See also fuel ritual use of, 142-143 wool-working, 235 Zog I, King of Albania (Ahmet Zogu), 1, 33, 476 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author2 | Davis, Jack Lee 1950- Stocker, Sharon R. Pojani, Iris Dimo, Vangjel |
| author2_role | edt edt edt edt |
| author2_variant | j l d jl jld s r s sr srs i p ip v d vd |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1052227015 |
| author_facet | Davis, Jack Lee 1950- Stocker, Sharon R. Pojani, Iris Dimo, Vangjel |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048959877 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1401181158 (DE-599)BVBBV048959877 |
| era | Geschichte 600 v. Chr.-200 v. Chr. gnd Geschichte 2004-2006 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 600 v. Chr.-200 v. Chr. Geschichte 2004-2006 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Apollonia Illyrien (DE-588)4002444-1 gnd Pojani (DE-588)4103184-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Apollonia Illyrien Pojani |
| id | DE-604.BV048959877 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:00:06Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:51:18Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781937040932 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034223657 |
| oclc_num | 1401181158 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-29 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-29 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | XXI, 505 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 29 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20230811 gbd_1 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Lockwood Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | A sanctuary in the hora of Illyrian Apollonia excavations at the Bonjakët site (2004-2006) edited by Jack L. Davis, Sharon R. Stocker, Iris Pojani and Vangjel Dimo Columbus, Georgia Lockwood Press 2022 XXI, 505 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 29 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "In the years 2004-2006, a joint team from the International Centre for Albanian Archaeology in Tirana, Albania, the Institute of Archaeology in Tirana, and the University of Cincinnati conducted excavations in the plain west of the walls of the ancient Greek colony of Apollonia, a short distance to the southwest of the modern village of Pojan. The site lies almost entirely within a complex of farm buildings known locally as Bonjakët. This volume represents the full publication of the results of three campaigns of excavation at the site. The new excavations discovered and documented a previously unknown monumental temple and have made it possible to describe for the first time the material remains of Greek rituals as practiced at the time of, or not long after, the foundation of Apollonia"-- Geschichte 600 v. Chr.-200 v. Chr. gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 2004-2006 gnd rswk-swf Tempel (DE-588)4059416-6 gnd rswk-swf Sachkultur (DE-588)4051157-1 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Ritual (DE-588)4050164-4 gnd rswk-swf Apollonia Illyrien (DE-588)4002444-1 gnd rswk-swf Pojani (DE-588)4103184-2 gnd rswk-swf Apollonia (Albania : Extinct city) Excavations (Archaeology) / Albania / Apollonia (Extinct city) Illyrian antiquities Classical antiquities Albania / Antiquities Apollonia d'Illyrie (Ville ancienne) Fouilles (Archéologie) / Albanie / Apollonia d'Illyrie (Ville ancienne) Antiquités illyriennes Antiquities Excavations (Archaeology) Albania Albania / Apollonia (Extinct city) (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Apollonia Illyrien (DE-588)4002444-1 g Tempel (DE-588)4059416-6 s Sachkultur (DE-588)4051157-1 s Ritual (DE-588)4050164-4 s Geschichte 600 v. Chr.-200 v. Chr. z DE-604 Pojani (DE-588)4103184-2 g Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s Geschichte 2004-2006 z Davis, Jack Lee 1950- (DE-588)1052227015 edt Stocker, Sharon R. edt Pojani, Iris edt Dimo, Vangjel edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-937040-94-9 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034223657&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034223657&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034223657&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | A sanctuary in the hora of Illyrian Apollonia excavations at the Bonjakët site (2004-2006) Tempel (DE-588)4059416-6 gnd Sachkultur (DE-588)4051157-1 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Ritual (DE-588)4050164-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4059416-6 (DE-588)4051157-1 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4050164-4 (DE-588)4002444-1 (DE-588)4103184-2 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | A sanctuary in the hora of Illyrian Apollonia excavations at the Bonjakët site (2004-2006) |
| title_auth | A sanctuary in the hora of Illyrian Apollonia excavations at the Bonjakët site (2004-2006) |
| title_exact_search | A sanctuary in the hora of Illyrian Apollonia excavations at the Bonjakët site (2004-2006) |
| title_exact_search_txtP | A sanctuary in the hora of Illyrian Apollonia excavations at the Bonjakët site (2004-2006) |
| title_full | A sanctuary in the hora of Illyrian Apollonia excavations at the Bonjakët site (2004-2006) edited by Jack L. Davis, Sharon R. Stocker, Iris Pojani and Vangjel Dimo |
| title_fullStr | A sanctuary in the hora of Illyrian Apollonia excavations at the Bonjakët site (2004-2006) edited by Jack L. Davis, Sharon R. Stocker, Iris Pojani and Vangjel Dimo |
| title_full_unstemmed | A sanctuary in the hora of Illyrian Apollonia excavations at the Bonjakët site (2004-2006) edited by Jack L. Davis, Sharon R. Stocker, Iris Pojani and Vangjel Dimo |
| title_short | A sanctuary in the hora of Illyrian Apollonia |
| title_sort | a sanctuary in the hora of illyrian apollonia excavations at the bonjaket site 2004 2006 |
| title_sub | excavations at the Bonjakët site (2004-2006) |
| topic | Tempel (DE-588)4059416-6 gnd Sachkultur (DE-588)4051157-1 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Ritual (DE-588)4050164-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Tempel Sachkultur Ausgrabung Ritual Apollonia Illyrien Pojani Aufsatzsammlung |
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