Nuclear Russia: the atom in Russian politics and culture
In the first cultural and political history of the Russian nuclear age, Paul Josephson describes the rise of nuclear physics in the USSR, the enthusiastic pursuit of military and peaceful nuclear programs through the Chernobyl disaster and the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the ongoing, self-proc...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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London, UK ; New York, NY
Bloomsbury Academic
2022
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| Schriftenreihe: | Russian shorts
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | In the first cultural and political history of the Russian nuclear age, Paul Josephson describes the rise of nuclear physics in the USSR, the enthusiastic pursuit of military and peaceful nuclear programs through the Chernobyl disaster and the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the ongoing, self-proclaimed 'renaissance' of nuclear power in Russia in the 21st century. At the height of their power, the Soviets commanded 39,000 nuclear warheads, yet claimed to be servants of the 'peaceful atom' - which they also pursued avidly. This book examines both military and peaceful Soviet and post-Soviet nuclear programs for the long duree - before the war, during the Cold War, and in Russia to the present - whilst also grappling with the political and ideological importance of nuclear technologies, the associated economic goals, the social and environmental costs, and the cultural embrace of nuclear power. Nuclear Russia probes the juncture of history of science and technology, political and cultural history, and environmental history. It considers the atom in Russian society as a reflection of Leninist technological utopianism, Cold War imperatives, scientific hubris, public acceptance, and a state desire to conquer nature. Furthermore the book examines the vital - and perhaps unexpected - significance of ethnicity and gender in nuclear history by looking at how Kazakhs and Nenets lost their homelands and their health in Russia in the wake of nuclear testing, as well as the surprising sexualization of the taming of the female atom in the Russian 'Miss Atom' contests that commenced in the 21st century |
| Beschreibung: | xii, 140 Seiten 14 Illustrationen und Porträts 20 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781350272552 9781350272569 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS List of Illustrations List of Tables Abbreviations Acknowledgments Introduction 1 Nuclear Bolshevism 2 Nuclear Defense 3 Nuclear Peace 4 Nuclear Hubris 5 Nuclear Disintegration 6 Nuclear Renaissance Notes A Brief Bibliographic Note Index viii x xi xiii 1 9 21 47 61 83 97 118 133 135
INDEX Air-Launched Cruise Missiles (ALCMs) 77 Akhiezer, Alexander 17,19 Aleksandrov, Anatoli 67,74 All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Technical Physics (VNIITF) 27-8 AM-1 (Атом Мирный/Peaceful Atom) reactor 47,49. See also peaceful atom Amtorg Trading Corporation 30 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty 76, 78,109 Apollo-Soiuz space project 76 Arctic Circle/Arctic regions 5, 14, 34-5, 39, 64, 66,69-70,81, 105-6, 112, 114 arms control and arms race 3, 5-6, 9, 34,43-4, 57-60, 62, 74-9, 89, 109-10, 133 Astravets NPP, Belarus 97, 101, 130 n.3 atmospheric testing 5, 32, 34-5, 38, 43, 60 atom atomic bombs 4, 11-12,17-18, 20-3, 28,31,44, 50, 54, 58 atomic culture/postwar atomic culture 5, 50-2 atomic energy 51, 53, 56, 59, 123 n.3 atomic nucleus 11-13 atomic pile 21-2, 56-7 and Khrushchev 52-6 military 3, 43-5, 51, 74,105, 108, 112, 114 peaceful atom 1,3, 5,45,51-2, 57, 69, 114, 123 n.3 Atomflot 100-1,106 Atomic Audit project (1998) 75 Atommash factory, Russia 5,67,81, 97, 99-100 Arzamas 22, 27-8, 31, 39, 108 ballistic missiles 44, 76, 79, 108-11. See also cruise missiles ICBM (see Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs)) Soviet SS-25 mobile intercontinental missile (artists concept) 41 Baltic states 1,12 Lithuania 2,64, 93-4, 100-1 Belarus 1-2, 83-4,94-7,101,115 Belioarsk NPP, Russia 104 Beria, Lavrenty 4,12,19, 25-7, 30-2 Bikini Atoll explosions 35, 38 Bilibino Nuclear Power Station, Russia 69-71 Bohr, Niels 13,51 Bolsheviks/Bolshevism 4, 9-11,14, 16 breeder reactors 2, 5,54, 67,99,102. See also Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactors breeder reactor program 12,14,98
Brezhnev, Leonid 3, 5,61-2,64, 71,74, 77-81, 127 n.20, 127 n.27 Bush, George W 109 CANDU reactors 66 Carter, Jimmy 5, 78 CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) 56 Chadwick, John 10-11 channel graphite reactors (RBMKs) 2-3, 5,47,64,66-7,69, 74,81, 83,85-7,94, 98,100-2 Cheliabinsk-40 33 Cheliabinsk-65 108
Index Chernaia Guba site 38-9 Chernobyl disaster (1986-present) 1, 3,6,66-7,81,83-8, 93-5, 102,113 and Gorbachev 88-9 Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station (ChNPP) 83, 85-7, 94 China 56,75,100,103 Closed Administrative-Territorial Formation. See ZATO closed fuel cycle 99,103 Cold War 1, 5, 9, 29, 34, 45, 74-6, 80-1, 90, 95, 110-12 collectivization 4,14-15 Communist Party 2,53,61,87-8,94 containment 3,66, 74, 87, 96, 100 contamination 36, 39,43, 84. See also nuclear waste/wasteland controlled thermonuclear synthesis (fission) 13,19, 49, 52-5 cruise missiles 7,44,78,108-10,112. See also ballistic missiles de-kulakization 14 de-Stalinization 5,49, 53 Detente 62,74,77 Doctors’ Plot 28 Dubna 23, 56 East Urals Radioactive Trace (EURT) 91 Einstein, Albert 23, 50-1 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 37,42 “Atoms for Peace” speech 4,20,47 Ertzgebirge uranium mines 24 espionage 4,9-10,22-3, 30-1 Federation of American Scientists (FAS) 58 First Lightning bomb test 25, 28, 31 Flerov, Georgi! honor on 100,h Birthday (postage stamp) 24 letter to Stalin 23-30 spontaneous fission 23 floating nuclear power stations 64, 70, 102, 105-7,111-12 food irradiation 47, 51,63,91 136 Food Program (1982) 62 Ford, Gerald 5, 77, 127 n.20 France 68, 99 Francis Powers U-2 spy plane incident 37,41 Fuchs, Klaus 30-1 The Fukushima disaster (2011) 114 Geiger counters 51, 89 genetics 19-20, 27, 30,72 Geneva, Switzerland 52-3, 56-7, 75, 79 gigantomania 44 Ginzburg, Vitali 50 GKO. See State Defense Committee glasnost 6, 87-9, 93 Glavsevmorput 100,114 Golovin, Igor 25, 58 Gorbachev, Mikhail 3,6, 34, 79-80, 87, 92 and Chernobyl
disaster 88-9 Nobel Peace Prize (1990) 80 graphite moderated EPG-6 reactors 69-70. See ako Bilibino NPP Great Terror 13,16 ground-launched cruise missile (GLCM) 110 Groves, Leslie 30 gulag system 21, 27-8, 33, 37,69. See also sharashki camp Helsinki Accords 127 n.20 Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan 20-1, 24, 28, 30-2, 58 Holloway, David, Stalin and the Bomb: The Soviet Union and Atomic Energy, 1939-1956119 n.2 hydrogen bomb 32,39,44,50,58-9 hypersonic cruise missile 108 icebreakers 5,51, 53,55-6, 70, 74, 81, 98,100-1,106,108,112 Ignalina NPP, Lithuania 93 indigenes 5, 34, 68-71,125 n.2 Chukchis 69-70 Chukotka 69-70,105 Institute of Physics and Power Engineering 47
Index Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) 5,43,62,74-7, 108-9 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Force (INF) 79-80,109-10 International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva 52-3, 75, 123 n.3 International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) 75-6 International Nuclear Event Scale 104 Ioffe, Abram 11, 25-6 Japan 4,68, 72. See also Hiroshima and Nagasaki Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) 23, 56 Kasperski, Tatiana 123 n.2, 128 n.6 Kazakhstan 1-2, 25, 69,81 Almaty 17, 20 BN350 breeder reactor in 2 First Lightning bomb test in 25, 28,31 Institute of Radiation Medicine and Ecology 36 Semipalatinsk test site 2, 31, 34-5 US-Kazakhstan program 35 KB-11 28 Khariton, lulii 25, 27, 32 honor on 100th birthday (postage stamp) 29 Khrushchev, Nikita 3, 5, 26, 37, 41-2, 44-5, 49, 53, 55, 58-9, 61-2 and atom 52-6 peaceful coexistence 44, 80 secret speech of 53 visit to Harwell, England 54 Kola NPP, Russia 66 Krasnoiarsk-26 27, 33,108 Kudankulam NPP, India 100 Kurchatov, Igor 12, 17-18, 20, 23-6, 30-2, 35, 48, 52-5, 58-9, 115 and F-l research reactor 25 honor for contributions of (postage stamp) 26 twentieth Party Congress speech of 49, 53, 58, 64 Kurchatov Institute for Atomic Energy (KIAE)21,25,52,67,74, 93, 97,106 Kursk submarine 107 Kyshtym disaster (1957) 3, 91 Lake Karachai disaster (1967) 92,104 Landau, Lev 12, 16,118 n.4 Leipunsky, Alexander 12-14, 16,103 Leningrad Physical Technical Institute (LFTI) 11,26 Lenin, Vladimir 10, 13 Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT) 35, 38, 60,71 liquidation/liquidators 85-6 Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactors (LMFBRs)
5, 54,64,67, 99, 102-4, 111 Los Alamos National Laboratory 30-1 Lysenko, Trofim 19, 29 Maiak Chemical Combine, Cheliabinsk 33, 37,90-1,93, 103,107 Minsredmash 74,81, 85, 94, 98, 114 missiles 2,62,76-7,79,108-11,115 ballistic (see ballistic missiles) cruise 7, 44,108-9, 112 multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) 62, 77-8,109 Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) 5,42,74-5 NATO 62, 80, 108-9 Nazi/Nazism 1,17-18, 22-4, 27 neutrons 4, 10-11,13, 17,115 New Safe Confinement 95, 97 New START treaty 108-9 Nixon, Richard 5, 76-7,127 n.20 NKVD 16, 28, 30 Novaia Zemlia archipelago 25, 35, 37-42, 81 nuclear bombs. See nuclear weapons 137
Index nuclear fordism 64,66-8 nuclear guinea pigs 32, 34-7 nuclear hubris 3, 5,44, 99 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) 2 nuclear power 1-2, 5-7, 20-1,42, 44, 47,49-50,52,54-5,61-2, 64,68, 86, 94,97-9,107 nuclear-powered satellites 81 nuclear power plants (NPPs) 3, 48, 54-5,64-7,81,87, 96-8, 101-2. See also specific nuclear plants floating 105-7,112 indigenes and 68-71 nuclear reactors. See specific reactors nuclear renaissance 6,97-8,101-2, 105 nuclear strategy 42-3, 45 nuclear warheads 1-3, 5,33,44,62,74-6, 78,81,109,112,114 nuclear waste/wasteland 1,3,6, 34-5,71,81,89-93. See also contamination nuclear weapons 2-7, 9, 21-2, 25-6, 32, 34-6, 41-5, 49-50, 54, 57-9,62-3, 68,71,74-6,81, 89-90, 109-11 Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction program 35 Obninsk 47-8 October Field 25-6,93 Operation Alsos 24 Operation Plumbbob 36-7 Operation Project Paperclip 24 Oppenheimer, J. Robert 30 PAES. See floating nuclear power stations particle accelerators 10,12-13,20, 49, 56 peaceful atom 1, 3-5,45, 47, 50-2, 57-8, 69,114,123 n.3 peaceful nuclear explosions (PNEs) 5, 34-5,51,60,71-3,81 perestroika 6, 88 138 Pevek71,105-6 Physicians for Social Responsibility 58 Podgorny, Nikolai 76 Poseidon (nuclear-armed torpedo) 112 postage stamps commemoration of twentieth anniversary of Atomic Icebreaker “Lenin” 101 commemoration of victims in famine (1932-33) 15 first-in-the world reactor to deliver power to civilian grid 48 honor for contributions of Kurchatov 26 honor for Flerov’s 100th Birthday 24 honor for Kharitons 100th Birthday 29 postwar atomic culture 50-2 pressurized water reactors
(PWRs) 2, 5,54,64, 66, 87,93, 97, 99-101,103, 111 WER1200PWR2,100-1 proliferation 42-3,67 Putin, Vladimir 3, 6, 97, 101, 102-4, 106-11, 113, 115 quantum mechanics 9,19, 29-30, 50-1 Radiation Safety Service 73 radioactivity 3, 6, 10,21-2,25, 27,32, 36, 38-43, 58-60, 71, 83-7, 91-6,104,112-13, 115 radioactive contamination 39,43, 70, 84,95 radioactive fallout 3, 34, 59 radioactive isotopes 13, 36, 56-7, 91-2 radioactive tracers in agriculture 51 radioactive waste 33-5,63, 72, 89-92, 114-15 soldiers exposed to 36 radionuclides 34,60, 70, 72,91, 93 RDS-1 31-2 RDS 2 (Joe 2) 32 RDS-3 32 RDS-4 32 RDS-6 (Joe 4) 32
Index RDS-37 58-9 Reagan, Ronald 6,78-80 Red Army 17-18, 28, 34,44 relativity theory 9, 19, 29-30, 50-1 research reactors 20, 25, 35 Reykjavik Summit, 1986 79 Rosatom 6, 34, 42, 70-1,97-8,100, 102, 105-6, 111, 113 Rostov NPP, Russia 103,117 Sakharov, Andrei 28, 31, 39, 52, 58-60 Memoirs 22 Nobel Peace Prize (1975) 80 sarcophagus 84-6, 95, 97 satellites 42, 47, 57, 72, 78, 81 Saujudis national liberation movement 93 Second World War 1,4-5,27, 39, 90 and Ukrainian physics 17-20 sharashki camp 27 Shcherback, Yuri 93 Severodvinsk (Molotovsk) 74, 77,105, 108,112-13 Shostakovich, Dmitrii 29 Shubnikov, Lev 12,16 Sinelnikov, Kirill 12-13, 18-19 Smyth, Henry, Atomic Energyfor Military Purposes 31 Soviet Academy of Sciences 9, 25, 50-1, 56, 59, 67, 72-3 Soviet atomic bomb project 1, 4,12, 17-18,20-1,23,25,28, 54, 58, 119 n.2 space-based reactors 111 spent nuclear fuel (SNF) 71, 93,97, 99,114 Sputnik satellite 47 Stalin, Joseph 3, 5, 7, 10,13-14,18, 21, 31-2, 43-4,49-50, 53,61, 69, 80, 106, 114 de-Stalinization 5,49, 53 Holodomor (famine) 15 Star Wars. See Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) State Central Navy Testing Range, Nenoksa (disaster in) 112-13 State Defense Committee 25-6 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I/SALTII) treaties 74, 76-8 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) 78 Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) 78-9, 109 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) 75-7,108, 127 n.24 submarines 5, 7, 38,44, 51,62,67, 74, 76-7,81,89,98,100,105-8, 112,114 Tamm, Igor 28,52 Techa River 90-2, 95 Thatcher, Margaret 80 Timofeev-Resovsky, N. V. 27,120 n. 12 Tomsk-7 33, 108 Trans-
Siberia railroad (BAM) 47,61-2 Trinity Test, detonation of first US bomb 30 Trotsky, Lev 10,16 Truman, Harry 21 Trump, Donald 109 Tsar Bomba (project 602) 37-42,44,60 Tsirkon (Zircon) hypersonic weapon 108,131 n.20 Ukraine/Ukrainians 1, 10-13, 20, 56, 83, 93-7,100, 111, 115,118 n.l (Intro) atomic nucleus 11 Crimea 56, 58, 111 famine in 15-17 Kharkiv 10-18, 22-3 Kyiv 20, 23,83,86,115 nationalism 14, 16 Orange Revolution in 96 Slavutych 85-6 Ukrainian physics 14,118 n.l (Ch 1) and Second World War 17-20 Ukrainian Postage Stamp (2003) 15 Ukrainian Physical Technical Institute (UFTI) 11-13, 16, 18-19, 25 Ukrainian Popular Movement (Rukh) 93-4 139
Index underground nuclear tests 35, 39, 60, 72 underwater nuclear tankers 107 The United Kingdom 33,42,60 The United Nations 4, 123 n.3 Eisenhower’s speech at 4, 47 UN General Assembly 41,43 The United States 1-3, 5, 21, 23, 25, 33-4, 36-8,41-5, 50-2, 57, 59-62,64,67-8,71,74-6, 78-9,81,88, 100,105-6, 108-10,112,114 expenditures on weapons 75 Project Plowshares 71 US-Kazakhstan program 35 US Manhattan Project 21,23, 30, 58 US Operation Crossroads 38 Ural Electrochemical Combine, Russia 33 uranium 1, 21-3, 25, 27-8, 30, 31-4, 40, 44, 51, 53-4, 67, 88, 99, 107 Uranium Committee (Academy of Sciences) 25 USSR 1, 3, 5-6, 9,12, 16, 18,22, 24, 30, 32-3, 35, 37,41-3,47, 50-2, 56-7, 59-62,64, 73-7, 79-80,84, 87-9, 93, 95-6, 98, 111, 118n.l (Intro) 140 indigenes and nuclear power in 68-71 and Irish General Assembly resolution 43 nuclear power stations in 65-7 Valter, Anton 12,18-19 Vladivostok Summit, 1974 77 von Braun, Werner 24 VVER (Soviet PWR) 2,64,66,81, 87, 98,100-1. See also pressurized water reactors VVR-M reactors 20 Warsaw Treaty 62,80 Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) 35, 40, 44, 48, 76 Yeltsin, Boris 6,90, 97 Zaporizhzhya NPP, Ukraine 115 Zarechnyi 104 ZATO (Closed AdministrativeTerritorial Formation) 4, 22, 25, 33, 35, 74,81,105,108, 112,120 n.3 Zeleny։ Svit organization 93 Zhdanovshchina 29 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS List of Illustrations List of Tables Abbreviations Acknowledgments Introduction 1 Nuclear Bolshevism 2 Nuclear Defense 3 Nuclear Peace 4 Nuclear Hubris 5 Nuclear Disintegration 6 Nuclear Renaissance Notes A Brief Bibliographic Note Index viii x xi xiii 1 9 21 47 61 83 97 118 133 135
INDEX Air-Launched Cruise Missiles (ALCMs) 77 Akhiezer, Alexander 17,19 Aleksandrov, Anatoli 67,74 All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Technical Physics (VNIITF) 27-8 AM-1 (Атом Мирный/Peaceful Atom) reactor 47,49. See also peaceful atom Amtorg Trading Corporation 30 Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty 76, 78,109 Apollo-Soiuz space project 76 Arctic Circle/Arctic regions 5, 14, 34-5, 39, 64, 66,69-70,81, 105-6, 112, 114 arms control and arms race 3, 5-6, 9, 34,43-4, 57-60, 62, 74-9, 89, 109-10, 133 Astravets NPP, Belarus 97, 101, 130 n.3 atmospheric testing 5, 32, 34-5, 38, 43, 60 atom atomic bombs 4, 11-12,17-18, 20-3, 28,31,44, 50, 54, 58 atomic culture/postwar atomic culture 5, 50-2 atomic energy 51, 53, 56, 59, 123 n.3 atomic nucleus 11-13 atomic pile 21-2, 56-7 and Khrushchev 52-6 military 3, 43-5, 51, 74,105, 108, 112, 114 peaceful atom 1,3, 5,45,51-2, 57, 69, 114, 123 n.3 Atomflot 100-1,106 Atomic Audit project (1998) 75 Atommash factory, Russia 5,67,81, 97, 99-100 Arzamas 22, 27-8, 31, 39, 108 ballistic missiles 44, 76, 79, 108-11. See also cruise missiles ICBM (see Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs)) Soviet SS-25 mobile intercontinental missile (artists concept) 41 Baltic states 1,12 Lithuania 2,64, 93-4, 100-1 Belarus 1-2, 83-4,94-7,101,115 Belioarsk NPP, Russia 104 Beria, Lavrenty 4,12,19, 25-7, 30-2 Bikini Atoll explosions 35, 38 Bilibino Nuclear Power Station, Russia 69-71 Bohr, Niels 13,51 Bolsheviks/Bolshevism 4, 9-11,14, 16 breeder reactors 2, 5,54, 67,99,102. See also Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactors breeder reactor program 12,14,98
Brezhnev, Leonid 3, 5,61-2,64, 71,74, 77-81, 127 n.20, 127 n.27 Bush, George W 109 CANDU reactors 66 Carter, Jimmy 5, 78 CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) 56 Chadwick, John 10-11 channel graphite reactors (RBMKs) 2-3, 5,47,64,66-7,69, 74,81, 83,85-7,94, 98,100-2 Cheliabinsk-40 33 Cheliabinsk-65 108
Index Chernaia Guba site 38-9 Chernobyl disaster (1986-present) 1, 3,6,66-7,81,83-8, 93-5, 102,113 and Gorbachev 88-9 Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station (ChNPP) 83, 85-7, 94 China 56,75,100,103 Closed Administrative-Territorial Formation. See ZATO closed fuel cycle 99,103 Cold War 1, 5, 9, 29, 34, 45, 74-6, 80-1, 90, 95, 110-12 collectivization 4,14-15 Communist Party 2,53,61,87-8,94 containment 3,66, 74, 87, 96, 100 contamination 36, 39,43, 84. See also nuclear waste/wasteland controlled thermonuclear synthesis (fission) 13,19, 49, 52-5 cruise missiles 7,44,78,108-10,112. See also ballistic missiles de-kulakization 14 de-Stalinization 5,49, 53 Detente 62,74,77 Doctors’ Plot 28 Dubna 23, 56 East Urals Radioactive Trace (EURT) 91 Einstein, Albert 23, 50-1 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 37,42 “Atoms for Peace” speech 4,20,47 Ertzgebirge uranium mines 24 espionage 4,9-10,22-3, 30-1 Federation of American Scientists (FAS) 58 First Lightning bomb test 25, 28, 31 Flerov, Georgi! honor on 100,h Birthday (postage stamp) 24 letter to Stalin 23-30 spontaneous fission 23 floating nuclear power stations 64, 70, 102, 105-7,111-12 food irradiation 47, 51,63,91 136 Food Program (1982) 62 Ford, Gerald 5, 77, 127 n.20 France 68, 99 Francis Powers U-2 spy plane incident 37,41 Fuchs, Klaus 30-1 The Fukushima disaster (2011) 114 Geiger counters 51, 89 genetics 19-20, 27, 30,72 Geneva, Switzerland 52-3, 56-7, 75, 79 gigantomania 44 Ginzburg, Vitali 50 GKO. See State Defense Committee glasnost 6, 87-9, 93 Glavsevmorput 100,114 Golovin, Igor 25, 58 Gorbachev, Mikhail 3,6, 34, 79-80, 87, 92 and Chernobyl
disaster 88-9 Nobel Peace Prize (1990) 80 graphite moderated EPG-6 reactors 69-70. See ako Bilibino NPP Great Terror 13,16 ground-launched cruise missile (GLCM) 110 Groves, Leslie 30 gulag system 21, 27-8, 33, 37,69. See also sharashki camp Helsinki Accords 127 n.20 Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan 20-1, 24, 28, 30-2, 58 Holloway, David, Stalin and the Bomb: The Soviet Union and Atomic Energy, 1939-1956119 n.2 hydrogen bomb 32,39,44,50,58-9 hypersonic cruise missile 108 icebreakers 5,51, 53,55-6, 70, 74, 81, 98,100-1,106,108,112 Ignalina NPP, Lithuania 93 indigenes 5, 34, 68-71,125 n.2 Chukchis 69-70 Chukotka 69-70,105 Institute of Physics and Power Engineering 47
Index Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) 5,43,62,74-7, 108-9 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Force (INF) 79-80,109-10 International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva 52-3, 75, 123 n.3 International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) 75-6 International Nuclear Event Scale 104 Ioffe, Abram 11, 25-6 Japan 4,68, 72. See also Hiroshima and Nagasaki Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) 23, 56 Kasperski, Tatiana 123 n.2, 128 n.6 Kazakhstan 1-2, 25, 69,81 Almaty 17, 20 BN350 breeder reactor in 2 First Lightning bomb test in 25, 28,31 Institute of Radiation Medicine and Ecology 36 Semipalatinsk test site 2, 31, 34-5 US-Kazakhstan program 35 KB-11 28 Khariton, lulii 25, 27, 32 honor on 100th birthday (postage stamp) 29 Khrushchev, Nikita 3, 5, 26, 37, 41-2, 44-5, 49, 53, 55, 58-9, 61-2 and atom 52-6 peaceful coexistence 44, 80 secret speech of 53 visit to Harwell, England 54 Kola NPP, Russia 66 Krasnoiarsk-26 27, 33,108 Kudankulam NPP, India 100 Kurchatov, Igor 12, 17-18, 20, 23-6, 30-2, 35, 48, 52-5, 58-9, 115 and F-l research reactor 25 honor for contributions of (postage stamp) 26 twentieth Party Congress speech of 49, 53, 58, 64 Kurchatov Institute for Atomic Energy (KIAE)21,25,52,67,74, 93, 97,106 Kursk submarine 107 Kyshtym disaster (1957) 3, 91 Lake Karachai disaster (1967) 92,104 Landau, Lev 12, 16,118 n.4 Leipunsky, Alexander 12-14, 16,103 Leningrad Physical Technical Institute (LFTI) 11,26 Lenin, Vladimir 10, 13 Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT) 35, 38, 60,71 liquidation/liquidators 85-6 Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactors (LMFBRs)
5, 54,64,67, 99, 102-4, 111 Los Alamos National Laboratory 30-1 Lysenko, Trofim 19, 29 Maiak Chemical Combine, Cheliabinsk 33, 37,90-1,93, 103,107 Minsredmash 74,81, 85, 94, 98, 114 missiles 2,62,76-7,79,108-11,115 ballistic (see ballistic missiles) cruise 7, 44,108-9, 112 multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) 62, 77-8,109 Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) 5,42,74-5 NATO 62, 80, 108-9 Nazi/Nazism 1,17-18, 22-4, 27 neutrons 4, 10-11,13, 17,115 New Safe Confinement 95, 97 New START treaty 108-9 Nixon, Richard 5, 76-7,127 n.20 NKVD 16, 28, 30 Novaia Zemlia archipelago 25, 35, 37-42, 81 nuclear bombs. See nuclear weapons 137
Index nuclear fordism 64,66-8 nuclear guinea pigs 32, 34-7 nuclear hubris 3, 5,44, 99 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) 2 nuclear power 1-2, 5-7, 20-1,42, 44, 47,49-50,52,54-5,61-2, 64,68, 86, 94,97-9,107 nuclear-powered satellites 81 nuclear power plants (NPPs) 3, 48, 54-5,64-7,81,87, 96-8, 101-2. See also specific nuclear plants floating 105-7,112 indigenes and 68-71 nuclear reactors. See specific reactors nuclear renaissance 6,97-8,101-2, 105 nuclear strategy 42-3, 45 nuclear warheads 1-3, 5,33,44,62,74-6, 78,81,109,112,114 nuclear waste/wasteland 1,3,6, 34-5,71,81,89-93. See also contamination nuclear weapons 2-7, 9, 21-2, 25-6, 32, 34-6, 41-5, 49-50, 54, 57-9,62-3, 68,71,74-6,81, 89-90, 109-11 Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction program 35 Obninsk 47-8 October Field 25-6,93 Operation Alsos 24 Operation Plumbbob 36-7 Operation Project Paperclip 24 Oppenheimer, J. Robert 30 PAES. See floating nuclear power stations particle accelerators 10,12-13,20, 49, 56 peaceful atom 1, 3-5,45, 47, 50-2, 57-8, 69,114,123 n.3 peaceful nuclear explosions (PNEs) 5, 34-5,51,60,71-3,81 perestroika 6, 88 138 Pevek71,105-6 Physicians for Social Responsibility 58 Podgorny, Nikolai 76 Poseidon (nuclear-armed torpedo) 112 postage stamps commemoration of twentieth anniversary of Atomic Icebreaker “Lenin” 101 commemoration of victims in famine (1932-33) 15 first-in-the world reactor to deliver power to civilian grid 48 honor for contributions of Kurchatov 26 honor for Flerov’s 100th Birthday 24 honor for Kharitons 100th Birthday 29 postwar atomic culture 50-2 pressurized water reactors
(PWRs) 2, 5,54,64, 66, 87,93, 97, 99-101,103, 111 WER1200PWR2,100-1 proliferation 42-3,67 Putin, Vladimir 3, 6, 97, 101, 102-4, 106-11, 113, 115 quantum mechanics 9,19, 29-30, 50-1 Radiation Safety Service 73 radioactivity 3, 6, 10,21-2,25, 27,32, 36, 38-43, 58-60, 71, 83-7, 91-6,104,112-13, 115 radioactive contamination 39,43, 70, 84,95 radioactive fallout 3, 34, 59 radioactive isotopes 13, 36, 56-7, 91-2 radioactive tracers in agriculture 51 radioactive waste 33-5,63, 72, 89-92, 114-15 soldiers exposed to 36 radionuclides 34,60, 70, 72,91, 93 RDS-1 31-2 RDS 2 (Joe 2) 32 RDS-3 32 RDS-4 32 RDS-6 (Joe 4) 32
Index RDS-37 58-9 Reagan, Ronald 6,78-80 Red Army 17-18, 28, 34,44 relativity theory 9, 19, 29-30, 50-1 research reactors 20, 25, 35 Reykjavik Summit, 1986 79 Rosatom 6, 34, 42, 70-1,97-8,100, 102, 105-6, 111, 113 Rostov NPP, Russia 103,117 Sakharov, Andrei 28, 31, 39, 52, 58-60 Memoirs 22 Nobel Peace Prize (1975) 80 sarcophagus 84-6, 95, 97 satellites 42, 47, 57, 72, 78, 81 Saujudis national liberation movement 93 Second World War 1,4-5,27, 39, 90 and Ukrainian physics 17-20 sharashki camp 27 Shcherback, Yuri 93 Severodvinsk (Molotovsk) 74, 77,105, 108,112-13 Shostakovich, Dmitrii 29 Shubnikov, Lev 12,16 Sinelnikov, Kirill 12-13, 18-19 Smyth, Henry, Atomic Energyfor Military Purposes 31 Soviet Academy of Sciences 9, 25, 50-1, 56, 59, 67, 72-3 Soviet atomic bomb project 1, 4,12, 17-18,20-1,23,25,28, 54, 58, 119 n.2 space-based reactors 111 spent nuclear fuel (SNF) 71, 93,97, 99,114 Sputnik satellite 47 Stalin, Joseph 3, 5, 7, 10,13-14,18, 21, 31-2, 43-4,49-50, 53,61, 69, 80, 106, 114 de-Stalinization 5,49, 53 Holodomor (famine) 15 Star Wars. See Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) State Central Navy Testing Range, Nenoksa (disaster in) 112-13 State Defense Committee 25-6 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I/SALTII) treaties 74, 76-8 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) 78 Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) 78-9, 109 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) 75-7,108, 127 n.24 submarines 5, 7, 38,44, 51,62,67, 74, 76-7,81,89,98,100,105-8, 112,114 Tamm, Igor 28,52 Techa River 90-2, 95 Thatcher, Margaret 80 Timofeev-Resovsky, N. V. 27,120 n. 12 Tomsk-7 33, 108 Trans-
Siberia railroad (BAM) 47,61-2 Trinity Test, detonation of first US bomb 30 Trotsky, Lev 10,16 Truman, Harry 21 Trump, Donald 109 Tsar Bomba (project 602) 37-42,44,60 Tsirkon (Zircon) hypersonic weapon 108,131 n.20 Ukraine/Ukrainians 1, 10-13, 20, 56, 83, 93-7,100, 111, 115,118 n.l (Intro) atomic nucleus 11 Crimea 56, 58, 111 famine in 15-17 Kharkiv 10-18, 22-3 Kyiv 20, 23,83,86,115 nationalism 14, 16 Orange Revolution in 96 Slavutych 85-6 Ukrainian physics 14,118 n.l (Ch 1) and Second World War 17-20 Ukrainian Postage Stamp (2003) 15 Ukrainian Physical Technical Institute (UFTI) 11-13, 16, 18-19, 25 Ukrainian Popular Movement (Rukh) 93-4 139
Index underground nuclear tests 35, 39, 60, 72 underwater nuclear tankers 107 The United Kingdom 33,42,60 The United Nations 4, 123 n.3 Eisenhower’s speech at 4, 47 UN General Assembly 41,43 The United States 1-3, 5, 21, 23, 25, 33-4, 36-8,41-5, 50-2, 57, 59-62,64,67-8,71,74-6, 78-9,81,88, 100,105-6, 108-10,112,114 expenditures on weapons 75 Project Plowshares 71 US-Kazakhstan program 35 US Manhattan Project 21,23, 30, 58 US Operation Crossroads 38 Ural Electrochemical Combine, Russia 33 uranium 1, 21-3, 25, 27-8, 30, 31-4, 40, 44, 51, 53-4, 67, 88, 99, 107 Uranium Committee (Academy of Sciences) 25 USSR 1, 3, 5-6, 9,12, 16, 18,22, 24, 30, 32-3, 35, 37,41-3,47, 50-2, 56-7, 59-62,64, 73-7, 79-80,84, 87-9, 93, 95-6, 98, 111, 118n.l (Intro) 140 indigenes and nuclear power in 68-71 and Irish General Assembly resolution 43 nuclear power stations in 65-7 Valter, Anton 12,18-19 Vladivostok Summit, 1974 77 von Braun, Werner 24 VVER (Soviet PWR) 2,64,66,81, 87, 98,100-1. See also pressurized water reactors VVR-M reactors 20 Warsaw Treaty 62,80 Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) 35, 40, 44, 48, 76 Yeltsin, Boris 6,90, 97 Zaporizhzhya NPP, Ukraine 115 Zarechnyi 104 ZATO (Closed AdministrativeTerritorial Formation) 4, 22, 25, 33, 35, 74,81,105,108, 112,120 n.3 Zeleny։ Svit organization 93 Zhdanovshchina 29 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Josephson, Paul R. 1954- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)170634698 |
| author_facet | Josephson, Paul R. 1954- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Josephson, Paul R. 1954- |
| author_variant | p r j pr prj |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048959854 |
| classification_rvk | MG 85915 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1369623811 (DE-599)BVBBV048959854 |
| discipline | Politologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Politologie |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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Josephson</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">London, UK ; New York, NY</subfield><subfield code="b">Bloomsbury Academic</subfield><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xii, 140 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">14 Illustrationen und Porträts</subfield><subfield code="c">20 cm</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Russian shorts</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">In the first cultural and political history of the Russian nuclear age, Paul Josephson describes the rise of nuclear physics in the USSR, the enthusiastic pursuit of military and peaceful nuclear programs through the Chernobyl disaster and the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the ongoing, self-proclaimed 'renaissance' of nuclear power in Russia in the 21st century. 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| geographic | Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Sowjetunion Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV048959854 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:00:04Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T06:20:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781350272552 9781350272569 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034223635 |
| oclc_num | 1369623811 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-29 DE-739 DE-210 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-29 DE-739 DE-210 |
| physical | xii, 140 Seiten 14 Illustrationen und Porträts 20 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20230719 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Bloomsbury Academic |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Russian shorts |
| spelling | Josephson, Paul R. 1954- Verfasser (DE-588)170634698 aut Nuclear Russia the atom in Russian politics and culture Paul R. Josephson London, UK ; New York, NY Bloomsbury Academic 2022 xii, 140 Seiten 14 Illustrationen und Porträts 20 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Russian shorts In the first cultural and political history of the Russian nuclear age, Paul Josephson describes the rise of nuclear physics in the USSR, the enthusiastic pursuit of military and peaceful nuclear programs through the Chernobyl disaster and the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the ongoing, self-proclaimed 'renaissance' of nuclear power in Russia in the 21st century. At the height of their power, the Soviets commanded 39,000 nuclear warheads, yet claimed to be servants of the 'peaceful atom' - which they also pursued avidly. This book examines both military and peaceful Soviet and post-Soviet nuclear programs for the long duree - before the war, during the Cold War, and in Russia to the present - whilst also grappling with the political and ideological importance of nuclear technologies, the associated economic goals, the social and environmental costs, and the cultural embrace of nuclear power. Nuclear Russia probes the juncture of history of science and technology, political and cultural history, and environmental history. It considers the atom in Russian society as a reflection of Leninist technological utopianism, Cold War imperatives, scientific hubris, public acceptance, and a state desire to conquer nature. Furthermore the book examines the vital - and perhaps unexpected - significance of ethnicity and gender in nuclear history by looking at how Kazakhs and Nenets lost their homelands and their health in Russia in the wake of nuclear testing, as well as the surprising sexualization of the taming of the female atom in the Russian 'Miss Atom' contests that commenced in the 21st century Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Kernwaffe (DE-588)4003434-3 gnd rswk-swf Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd rswk-swf Kernenergiepolitik (DE-588)4073359-2 gnd rswk-swf Kernenergie (DE-588)4030318-4 gnd rswk-swf Kernphysik (DE-588)4030340-8 gnd rswk-swf Kernenergiewirtschaft (DE-588)4123502-2 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Nuclear industry / Russia (Federation) / History Nuclear weapons / Russia (Federation) / History Cold War Nuclear industry Nuclear weapons Russia (Federation) History Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Kernphysik (DE-588)4030340-8 s Kernenergie (DE-588)4030318-4 s Kernwaffe (DE-588)4003434-3 s Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 s Geschichte z DE-604 Kernenergiewirtschaft (DE-588)4123502-2 s Kernenergiepolitik (DE-588)4073359-2 s Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe (PDF) 978-1-3502-7257-6 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-3502-7258-3 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034223635&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034223635&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Josephson, Paul R. 1954- Nuclear Russia the atom in Russian politics and culture Kernwaffe (DE-588)4003434-3 gnd Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd Kernenergiepolitik (DE-588)4073359-2 gnd Kernenergie (DE-588)4030318-4 gnd Kernphysik (DE-588)4030340-8 gnd Kernenergiewirtschaft (DE-588)4123502-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003434-3 (DE-588)4125698-0 (DE-588)4073359-2 (DE-588)4030318-4 (DE-588)4030340-8 (DE-588)4123502-2 (DE-588)4077548-3 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Nuclear Russia the atom in Russian politics and culture |
| title_auth | Nuclear Russia the atom in Russian politics and culture |
| title_exact_search | Nuclear Russia the atom in Russian politics and culture |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Nuclear Russia the atom in Russian politics and culture |
| title_full | Nuclear Russia the atom in Russian politics and culture Paul R. Josephson |
| title_fullStr | Nuclear Russia the atom in Russian politics and culture Paul R. Josephson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nuclear Russia the atom in Russian politics and culture Paul R. Josephson |
| title_short | Nuclear Russia |
| title_sort | nuclear russia the atom in russian politics and culture |
| title_sub | the atom in Russian politics and culture |
| topic | Kernwaffe (DE-588)4003434-3 gnd Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd Kernenergiepolitik (DE-588)4073359-2 gnd Kernenergie (DE-588)4030318-4 gnd Kernphysik (DE-588)4030340-8 gnd Kernenergiewirtschaft (DE-588)4123502-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kernwaffe Kultur Kernenergiepolitik Kernenergie Kernphysik Kernenergiewirtschaft Sowjetunion Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034223635&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034223635&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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