Excavations at the Palatial Complex:
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| Sprache: | English |
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Chicago, Illinois
The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago
[2022]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Oriental Institute publications
volume 148 Kerkenes final reports 2 |
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| Beschreibung: | xlvii, 239 Seiten, 241 Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Excavations at the Palatial Complex |c by Geoffrey D. Summers ; with contributions by Susanne Berndt, Ahmet Çinici, Yilmaz Selim Erdal, Evangelia Pişkin, Noël Siver, and Françoise Summers ; introduction by Nicholas D. Cahill ; summary translated into Turkish by Güzin Eren |
| 264 | 1 | |a Chicago, Illinois |b The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago |c [2022] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c © 2022 | |
| 300 | |a xlvii, 239 Seiten, 241 Seiten Tafeln |b Illustrationen, Karten | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Çinici, Ahmet |4 ctb | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Erdal, Yılmaz Selim |d 19XX- |0 (DE-588)1279333529 |4 ctb | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................................................. xix LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................... xxi LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................................................................... xxiii LIST OF PLATES................................................................................................................................................. xxiii PREFACE (Geoffrey D. Summers)......................................................................................................................... xxix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (Françoise Summers and Geoffrey D. Summers)...........................................................xxxi INTRODUCTION (Nick Cahill).......................................................................................................................... xxxv BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON KERKENES PROJECT PUBLICATIONS............................................. xxxvii BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................................................................................ xxxix CHAPTER 1. Background: Remote Sensing, Excavation Strategies, Methods, and Notation (Françoise Summers and Geoffrey D. Summers)....................................................................... 1 The Location of the Palatial
Complex........................................................................................................ 1 Strategies and Progress of Research at the Palatial Complex.................................................................. 3 The Name “Palatial Complex”....................................................................................................... 3 Remote Sensing..................................................................................................................... 3 Expectations of Excavation at the Palatial Complex................................................................................ 4 Strategies and Progress of the Excavations............................................................................................. 5 1996 Test Excavations..................................................................................................................... 5 1999 and 2000 Clearance and Excavation..................................................................................... 5 Excavations.................................................................................................................................... 5 Notation........................................................................................................................................................ 6 Numbering of Trenches................................................................................................................. 6 Excavation Units, Recording, and Finds
Numbering................................................................. 7 Illustration...................................................................................................................................... 7 Excavation Units and the Recovery of Carved Stone................................................................. 8 Stone Fragment Processing........................................................................................................... 8 Chronology...................................................................................................................................................9 The Palatial Complex at the Start of Clearance...................................................................................... 10 Summary of Phases at the Palatial Complex........................................................................................... 11 Phase 1: Structure A.................................................................................................................. И Phase 2: Structures behind the Fortified Structure A............................................................. 11 The Audience Hall and Ashlar Building................................................................................... 12 Structures В, C, D, and E............................................................................................................. 12 Extension of the Paving............................................................................................................. 12 Phase 3: The Monumental
Entrance......................................................................................... 12 Destruction................................................................................................................................ 12 Tumulus Burials.......................................................................................................................... 13 A Byzantine Burial.................................................................................................................... 13 Robbing and Looting.................................................................................................................. 13 Recent Activities........................................................................................................................ 13 vii
viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Organization of this Report........................................................................................................................ 13 CHAPTER 2. The Fortified Structure A (Geoffrey D. Summers)............................................................................. 15 Location........................................................................................................................................................ 15 Chronology.................................................................................................................................................. 16 Strategy and Methods................................................................................................................................ 17 Description of the Fortified Structure A...................................................................................................18 Materials and Observations on Methods of Construction....................................................................... 18 Detailed Observations................................................................................................................. 19 The Form and Purpose of Structure A...................................................................................................... 20 Destruction and Disturbance.................................................................................................................... 22 Preservation
Measures................................................................................................................................ 22 CHAPTER 3. Structures B, D, C, and E; the Northern Wall of the Complex and the Trench across the Street (Geoffrey D. Summers).............................................................................. 23 Methods and Strategies.............................................................................................................................. 23 Chronology and Construction Sequence.................................................................................................. 25 Structure В and Related Adaptations........................................................................................................ 25 Strategy......................................................................................................................................... 25 Description of the Structure В Terraces...................................................................................... 26 Structure D................................................................................................................................................. 26 Description of Structure D............................................................................................................ 26 The Two-Roomed Building, Structure C.................................................................................................. 27 Description of Structure
C............................................................................................................27 The Northern Room of Structure C.............................................................................................. 28 The Southern Room of Structure C.............................................................................................. 28 Material on the Floors of Structure C........................................................................................28 The Palatial Complex Boundary Wall at North........................................................................................ 29 External Spaces Associated with StructuresC and D................................................................................29 Summary....................................................................................................................................... 29 Structure E................................................................................................................................................. 30 Detailed Description..................................................................................................................... 30 Interpretation............................................................................................................................... 31 The Trench Cut across the Street at North.............................................................................................. 31 CHAPTER 4. The Audience Hall (Geoffrey D.
Summers)........................................................................................ 33 Location....................................................................................................................................................... 34 Chronology................................................................................................................................................. 34 Strategy and Methods............................................................................................................................... 34 Description of the Audience Hall............................................................................................................. 35 The Architecture........................................................................................................................... 35 The Anteroom............................................................................................................................... 35 The Hall........................................................................................................................................ 36 Notes on the Order and Methods of Construction................................................................... 37 Observations on the Processes of Destruction, Decay, and Disturbance................................ 37 Features to the North of the Audience Hall........................................................................................... 38 CHAPTER 5. The Ashlar Building (Geoffrey D.
Summers)..................................................................................... 39 Location...................................................................................................................................................... 39 Chronology................................................................................................................................................ 39
TABLE OF CONTENTS ix Strategy and Methods................................................................................................................................ 40 Description of the Ashlar Building............................................................................................................ 41 The Front Room........................................................................................................................... 41 The Inner Room............................................................................................................................. 42 Construction Materials..............................................................................................................................43 Granite........................................................................................................................................... 43 Limestone....................................................................................................................................... 43 Sandstone....................................................................................................................................... 43 Mudbrick and Mud Plaster........................................................................................................... 43 Timber........................................................................................................................................... 44
Reeds............................................................................................................................................... 44 Iron................................................................................................................................................. 44 Observations on the Order and Methods of Construction.................................................................... 44 The Foundations........................................................................................................................... 44 The Ashlars................................................................................................................................... 45 The Superstructure....................................................................................................................... 45 Masonry Techniques and Stoneworking................................................................................... 45 Inscribed Marks............................................................................................................................. 46 External Surfaces......................................................................................................................... 47 Observations on the Processes of Destruction and Decay...................................................................... 47 CHAPTER 6. Visual Reconstructions of the Audience Hall and the Ashlar Building (Ahmet Çinici and Geoffrey D. Summers)........................................................................... 49 Making
the Model..................................................................................................................................... 50 Roof Slope..................................................................................................................................... 50 Eaves............................................................................................................................................ 50 Akroteria.......................................................................................................................................50 Shutters in Pediments, Lofts, and Balconies..............................................................................51 Façade Proportions ..................................................................................................................... 51 Roof Structure............................................................................................................................... 51 Columns and Column Capitals of the Audience Hall.................................................................. 51 Heat and Light............................................................................................................................... 52 Concluding Remarks................................................................................................................................. 52 CHAPTER 7. The Monumental Entrance (Geoffrey D. Summers).......................................................................... 55 Location and
Components......................................................................................................................... 55 Chronology................................................................................................................................................. 57 Strategy and Methods............................................................................................................................... 57 Excavated Components............................................................................................................................. 61 The North and South Platforms................................................................................................. 61 Location and Arrangement of the idol Blocks and Medium-Sized Bolsters............................ 63 The Façades................................................................................................................................ 65 The Space between the Façades................................................................................................. 66 The Pavements............................................................................................................................... 67 The Paved Street to Structure A....................................................................................... 67 The Eastern Paved Area..................................................................................................... 67 The Paved Street Leading to the Audience Hall............................................................. 67
The Pavement in Front of the Entrance........................................................................... 68
X TABLE OF CONTENTS The Pavement between the Platforms.............................................................................. 68 The Pavement between the Façades.................................................................................. 68 The Pavement between the Monumental Entrance and the Audience Hall................ 68 Individual Architectural Elements in the Monumental Entrance......................................................... 68 Freestanding Columns.................................................................................................................. 68 Plinths..............................................................................................................................................69 The Aniconic Stele........................................................................................................................ 69 The Street and the Boundary Wall to the Southeast.............................................................................. 69 Stone and Stoneworking Techniques at the Monumental Entrance..................................................... 70 Granite........................................................................................................................................... 70 Wackestone....................................................................................................................................70 Destruction and Fire.................................................................................................................................. 71 The Aspect
of the Monumental Entrance following the Fire.................................................................72 Tumulus Construction................................................................................................................................ 73 Stone Robbing and Looting........................................................................................................................ 73 A Shepherd’s Fold on the South Platform................................................................................................ 74 CHAPTER 8. The Finds (Geoffrey D. Summers and Noël Siver).............................................................................. 75 Metal Objects from the Iron Age.............................................................................................................. 75 Gold................................................................................................................................................. 75 Silver............................................................................................................................................... 75 Copper Alloy................................................................................................................................. 76 Lead................................................................................................................................................. 76 Iron Objects................................................................................................................................... 76
Architectural Iron......................................................................................................................... 76 Sculpted, Inscribed, and Architectural Stone of the Iron Age...............................................................77 Sculpture and Inscription........................................................................................................... 77 Architectural Stone....................................................................................................................... 78 Granite................................................................................................................................. 78 Wackestone......................................................................................................................... 79 The Iron Age Pottery................................................................................................................................. 79 Finds from in Front of the Fortified Structure........................................................................................ 80 Objects from in Front of the Glacis..............................................................................................80 Copper Alloy Tube............................................................................................................... 80 Stone Harness Attachment............................................................................................... 80
Pottery................................................................................................................................. 80 Astralagus............................................................................................................................. 80 Finds from behind the Fortified Structure.............................................................................................. 81 Copper Alloy Object from Structure C....................................................................................... 81 Needle Fragment................................................................................................................. 81 Metal Objects from Fills............................................................................................................... 81 Copper Alloy Hairgrip......................................................................................................... 81 Iron Pointed Object............................................................................................................. 81 Iron Bar................................................................................................................................. 81 Ivory from the Predestruction Fill Site..................................................................................... 81 Decorated Ivory Fragment................................................................................................. 81 Bone and Antler Objects from Structure C ............................................................................... 82
TABLE OF CONTENTS xi Antler Fragments................................................................................................................82 Astragalus............................................................................................................................. 82 Iron Age Pottery from Structure A............................................................................................. 82 Iron Age Pottery from between Structures A and D.................................................................. 82 Tripod Bowl......................................................................................................................... 82 Jug with Pot Mark............................................................................................................... 83 Jug Neck with Pot Mark on Shoulder............................................................................... 83 Jug......................................................................................................................................... 83 Krater................................................................................................................................... 84 Faceted Sherds..................................................................................................................... 84 Iron Age Diagnostic Pottery Sherds from behind the Glacis....................................................84 Pattern Painted Sherd....................................................................................................... 84 Spout with
Sieve................................................................................................................. 84 Sherd with Pot Mark........................................................................................................... 85 Faceted Sherd....................................................................................................................... 85 Iron Age Pottery from Structure C........................................................................................................... 85 Pottery from the Northern Room of Structure C......................................................................85 Juglet.....................................................................................................................................85 Funnel...................................................................................................................................86 Sherd with Pot Mark........................................................................................................... 86 Pottery from the Southern Room of Structure C......................................................................86 Juglet.................................................................................................................................... 86 Large Lid with Faceted Bar Handle................................................................................... 86 Large Lid with Ridged Bar Handle..................................................................................... 87 Large
Bowl...........................................................................................................................87 Pithos.................................................................................................................................. 87 Finds from Structure E...............................................................................................................................88 Metal Objects................................................................................................................................ 88 Copper Alloy Nail............................................................................................................... 88 Iron Post Bracket................................................................................................................. 88 Finds from the Audience Hall................................................................................................................... 88 Gold................................................................................................................................................ 88 Gold Sheet Fragments......................................................................................................... 88 Copper Alloy Objects..................................................................................................................... 88 Attachment......................................................................................................................... 88 Pierced Band
Fragment..................................................................................................... 89 Domed Fragment................................................................................................................. 89 Tube Fragment..................................................................................................................... 89 Rod Fragment....................................................................................................................... 89 Shank Fragment................................................................................................................... 89 Three Lunate Rings............................................................................................................. 89 Sheet Fragment................................................................................................................... 89 Scraps of Sheet Not Illustrated......................................................................................... 89 Iron Objects.................................................................................................................................. 9° Pierced Plate....................................................................................................................... 90 Fragment............................................................................................................................ 90 Ring...................................................................................................................................... 90
хН TABLE OF CONTENTS Architectural Iron.......................................................................................................................... 90 Triangular-Headed Nails.................................................................................................... 90 Flat-Headed Nail.................................................................................................................. 91 Nails...................................................................................................................................... 91 Group of Iron Nails Found Together.................................................................................. 91 Iron Nail Fragments Not illustrated.................................................................................. 92 Ivory Inlay...................................................................................................................................... 92 Semicircular Ivory Inlay...................................................................................................... 92 Iron Age Pottery............................................................................................................................ 92 Juglet..................................................................................................................................... 92 Sherds Not Illustrated.......................................................................................................... 93 Architectural
Stone........................................................................................................................93 Column Base......................................................................................................................... 93 Architectural Fragments Not Illustrated.......................................................................... 93 Finds from the Ashlar Building.................................................................................................................. 93 Silver and Copper Alloy................................................................................................................ 93 Silver Sheet Fragment........................................................................................................ 93 Copper Alloy Shank Fragment............................................................................................ 93 Iron Objects................................................................................................................................... 93 Iron Arrowhead................................................................................................................... 93 Small Iron Points................................................................................................................. 94 Triangular-Headed Iron Nails............................................................................................ 95 Blunt-Topped Iron Nail........................................................................................................ 95
Architectural Iron......................................................................................................................... 96 Iron Band............................................................................................................................. 96 Cotter Pin............................................................................................................................. 96 Spike or Nail......................................................................................................................... 96 Frit................................................................................................................................................... 97 Small Frit Bead..................................................................................................................... 97 Wooden Object............................................................................................................................... 97 Small Wooden Bolster Fragment........................................................................................97 Bone Astragali (Evangelia Pipkin and Geoffrey D. Summers)........................................................ 97 Burned Debris............................................................................................................................... 98 Burned Mudbrick................................................................................................................. 98 Burned Clay with Reed
Impressions................................................................................. 98 Architectural Stone....................................................................................................................... 98 Sandstone Plug................................................................................................................... 98 Finds from the Monumental Entrance......................................................................................................98 Gold................................................................................................................................................. 98 Gold-Headed Tack............................................................................................................... 98 Gold Foil Fragment............................................................................................................. 98 Gold Strip Fragments......................................................................................................... 99 Gold Animal Horn............................................................................................................... 99 Melted Gold Alloy............................................................................................................... 99 Silver Objects.................................................................................................................................99 Silver
Nail.............................................................................................................................99 Silver Tacks........................................................................................................................ 99
TABLE OF CONTENTS xiii Silver Alloy Appliqué......................................................................................................... Silver Sheet Not Illustrated............................................................................................ 100 Copper Alloy Objects................................................................................................................. 100 Embossed Copper Alloy PlaqueDecorated Sheet........................................................... юо Ibex Cut from Copper Alloy Sheet................................................................................. 101 Copper Alloy Scoop.......................................................................................................... 102 Hairgrip..............................................................................................................................102 Arrowhead....................................................................................................................... 102 Copper Alloy Attachment............................................................................................... 102 Copper Alloy Nails........................................................................................................... 102 Copper Alloy Wire........................................................................................................... 103 Copper Alloy Shafts......................................................................................................... 103 Scraps of Copper Alloy Not
Illustrated......................................................................... 103 Lead............................................................................................................................................. 104 Melted Lead Lumps......................................................................................................... 104 Iron Objects............................................................................................................................... 104 Iron Hairgrip................................................................................................................... 104 Iron Pin............................................................................................................................ 104 Architectural Iron..................................................................................................................... 104 Two Associated Iron Bands from TR16......................................................................... 104 Two Associated Iron Bands from TR11......................................................................... 105 Fragments of Iron Bands Not illustrated..................................................................... 106 Discussion of the Iron Bands......................................................................................... 107 Iron Brackets and Braces......................................................................................................... 107 Iron
Brackets................................................................................................................... 107 Iron Bracket Fragments................................................................................................. 108 Iron Braces...................................................................................................................... 108 Iron Brace Fragments..................................................................................................... 110 Iron Brace Fragments Not Illustrated........................................................................... 110 Dome-Headed Iron Nails................................................................................................. 110 Blunt-Headed Iron Nail................................................................................................... 113 Iron Shaft Fragment....................................................................................................... 113 Iron Nail Shank Fragments Not Illustrated.................................................................... 114 Iron Objects.............................................................................................................................. 114 Sheet Iron Object............................................................................................................. 114 Cotter Pins......................................................................................................................... 115 Metal Objects from the Surface Not
Illustrated......................................................... 115 Stone Objects............................................................................................................................. 115 Hone Fragment............................................................................................................... 115 Stone Bead....................................................................................................................... 115 Worked Ivory and Bone Fragments (Evangelia Pipkin, Noël Siver, and Geoffrey D. Summers).. 115 Carved Ivory Disc Fragment........................................................................................... 116 Carved Ivory Fragments................................................................................................... 116 Ivory Fragment Not Illustrated..................................................................................... 117 Carved Bone Fragments................................................................................................. 117 Baked Clay and Pottery Objects............................................................................................... П7 Baked Clay Bead................................................................................................................. 117
xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS Baked Clay Sphere.............................................................................................................. 117 Baked Clay Whorls........................................................................................................... 118 Iron Age Pottery....................................................................................................................... 118 Bowl with Alphabetic Graffito.......................................................................................... 118 Carinated Bowl with Pot Mark.......................................................................................... 118 Bowl Base with Pot Mark.................................................................................................. 119 Bowl with Disc Base............................................................................................................119 Molded Sherd................................................................................................................... 119 Jug with Cutaway Spout................................................................................................. 119 Jug Fragments Not Illustrated....................................................................................... 119 Burned Debris........................................................................................................................... 120 Burned Debris from the Front Façade........................................................................... 120 Timber Column
Fragment................................................................................................ 121 Mudbricks........................................................................................................................... 121 Carved Stone............................................................................................................................... 121 Semi-Iconic idols............................................................................................................. 121 Semi-Iconic Idol Faces................................................................................................... 121 Dating of the Idols........................................................................................................... 123 The Meaning of the idols.................................................................................................. 124 Catalog of idol Representations............................................................................................. 124 Corner Block, idol Block 1................................................................................................ 124 Idol Block 2....................................................................................................................... 126 Idol Block 3......................................................................................................................... 127 Idol Block 4....................................................................................................................... 127 Idol Block
5......................................................................................................................... 128 Idol Block 6......................................................................................................................... 128 idol Block Fragments....................................................................................................... 128 idol Block Fragment Not Illustrated................................................................................ 130 idol in Relief....................................................................................................................... 130 Bolsters......................................................................................................................................... 130 The Term “Bolster”........................................................................................................... 130 Definitions of Bolsters..................................................................................................... 131 Original Placement of Bolsters....................................................................................... 131 Comparanda....................................................................................................................... 131 Discussion......................................................................................................................... 132 The Catalog..................................................................................................................... 132 Small
Bolsters................................................................................................................... 133 Small Bolster Block Outside the Monumental Entrance................................................ 133 Medium-Sized Bolsters and Bolster Ends....................................................................... 133 Large Bolsters, Bolster Ends, and Stone Capitals..........................................................133 Slab with Small Bolsters................................................................................................... 133 Architectural Block with Bolsters................................................................................... 135 Reconstruction of the Architectural Block with Bolsters (Noël Siver)........................ 136 Small Engaged Bolster..................................................................................................... 136 Bolster Fragments............................................................................................................. 137 Large Bolsters and Bolster Ends............................................................................................... 138 Engaged Bolsters............................................................................................................ 138
TABLE OF CONTENTS xv Bolster Ends........................................................................................................................140 Bolster Fragments Not Illustrated................................................................................. 141 Bolsters to the West of the Monumental Entrance............................................................... 141 Engaged Bolster Fragment................................................................................................141 Block with Engaged Bolster........................................................................................... 141 Miscellaneous Granite and Sandstone Architectural Fragments........................................ 142 Architectural Granite Fragments................................................................................... 142 Architectural Sandstone Fragments............................................................................. 142 Architectural Sandstone Fragments Not Illustrated................................................... 142 Plugs............................................................................................................................................. 143 Granite Plug....................................................................................................................... 143 Sandstone Plugs............................................................................................................... 143 Blocks with Clamp
Cuttings..................................................................................................... 143 Comparanda....................................................................................................................... 144 Discussion........................................................................................................................ 144 Catalog of Clamp Cuttings....................................................................................................... 144 Clamp Cutting Numbers 1-3......................................................................................... 145 Clamp Cutting Numbers 4-5......................................................................................... 145 Clamp Cutting Numbers 6-8......................................................................................... 145 Clamp Cutting Numbers 9-10....................................................................................... 146 Clamp Cutting Numbers 11-12..................................................................................... 146 Clamp Cutting Number 13............................................................................................. 147 Clamp Cutting Number 14............................................................................................. 147 Clamp Cutting Number 15............................................................................................. 147 Clamp Cutting Numbers 16-17..................................................................................... 147 Clamp
Cutting Number 18............................................................................................... 148 Clamp Cutting Number 19............................................................................................. 148 Clamp Cutting Number 20............................................................................................. 148 Clamp Cutting Numbers 21-22..................................................................................... 148 Clamp Cutting Number 23............................................................................................... 149 Clamp Cutting Number 24............................................................................................. 149 Clamp Cutting Number 25............................................................................................. 149 Clamp Cutting Number 26............................................................................................... 149 Clamp Cutting Number 27............................................................................................. 149 Clamp Cutting Number 28............................................................................................. 149 Clamp Cutting Number 29............................................................................................... 150 Clamp Cuttings Not illustrated..................................................................................... 150 Stone Fragments with Drip Marks......................................................................................... 150 Fragment of Sandstone
Block with Drip Marks..............................................................150 Sandstone Fragments with Drip Marks......................................................................... 150 Sandstone Fragments with Drip Marks Not illustrated............................................. 151 In Situ Architectural Elements at the Monumental Entrance............................................................ 151 Column Bases, Wackestone..................................................................................................... 151 Plinth, Wackestone..................................................................................................................... 151 Aniconic Stele, Granite............................................................................................................... 152 Masons’ Marks......................................................................................................................................... 152 Catalog of Masons’Marks......................................................................................................... 152
xvi TABLE OF CONTENTS Sandstone Block with Masons’ Mark............................................................................152 Sandstone Fragments with Incised Marks..................................................................... 152 Byzantine Objects from the Monumental Entrance.............................................................................. 153 Byzantine Coin............................................................................................................................ 153 Copper Alloy Coin............................................................................................................ 153 Glass............................................................................................................................................ 153 Conical Glass Whorl........................................................................................................ 153 Miscellaneous Unstratified Finds............................................................................................................ 154 Pottery........................................................................................................................................ 154 Sherd with Painted Pattern............................................................................................ 154 Unstratified Objects.................................................................................................................. 154 Iron
Arrowhead................................................................................................................ 154 Iron Blade Fragment........................................................................................................ 154 CHAPTER 9. Pot Marks and Graffiti on Pottery at Kerkenes Dag (Susanne Berndt)...................................... 155 General Comments................................................................................................................................... 155 Alphabetic Marks..................................................................................................................................... 155 Nonalphabetic Marks................................................................................................................................156 Catalog....................................................................................................................................................... 157 Catalog Number 1..................................................................................................................... 157 Catalog Number 2...................................................................................................................... 157 Catalog Number 3...................................................................................................................... 158 Catalog Number 4......................................................................................................................158 Catalog Number
5...................................................................................................................... 158 Catalog Number 6......................................................................................................................158 Catalog Number 7......................................................................................................................158 Catalog Number 8..................................................................................................................... 158 Catalog Number 9..................................................................................................................... 159 Catalog Number 10................................................................................................................... 159 Catalog Number 11................................................................................................................... 159 Catalog Number 12................................................................................................................... 160 Catalog Number 13................................................................................................................... 160 Catalog Number 14................................................................................................................... 160 Catalog Number 15................................................................................................................... 161 Catalog Number
16................................................................................................................... 161 Catalog Number 17................................................................................................................... 161 CHAPTER io. Animal Bones from the Palatial Complex (Evangelia Pipkin)................................................... 163 Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 163 Research Aims......................................................................................................................................... 163 Methods................................................................................................................................................... 163 Species Proportions................................................................................................................................ 164 The Spatial Position of Finds................................................................................................................ 167 Trench CT27 ............................................................................................................................ 168 Trenches CT18 and CT16......................................................................................................... 170 Trench TT22 ............................................................................................................................ 172 The Monumental
Entrance.................................................................................................................... 174 Ageing Evidence...................................................................................................................................... 175
TABLE OF CONTENTS xvii Discussion.................................................................................................................................................. 177 Comparison of Species Proportions at the Palatial Complex with Those at the Cappadocia Gate......................................................................................... 178 Comparison with Bone Assemblages from Other Sites.......................................................... 178 Conclusions................................................................................................................................................ 180 CHAPTER ii. The Byzantine Period (Yilmaz Selim Erdal and Geoffrey D. Summers)........................................... 183 The Byzantine-Period Burial.................................................................................................................... 183 Physical Anthropology............................................................................................................. 184 CHAPTER 12. Concluding Remarks (Geoffrey D. Summers)................................................................................ 185 Considerations on Kerkenes as an Iron Age Capital.............................................................................. 185 The Location of the Palatial Complex and the Morphology of the Iron Age City............................. 188 Functions and Functionaries.................................................................................................................. 190 The Institution of the
Palace.................................................................................................................. 191 Access and Exclusion............................................................................................................................... 192 CHAPTER 13. Turkish Summary — Türkçe Özet (Çeviren Güzin Eren)............................................................. 195 1. Bölüm — Genei Baki§: Uzaktan Algilama, Kazi Stratejileri, Yöntemler ve Kayit Sistemi............ 195 Saray Yapi Grubunun Konumu............................................................................................... 195 Saray Yapi Grubunda Araçtirma Stratejileri ve Araçtirmalarin Geliçimi.............................. 195 Kazi Stratejileri ve Kazilann Geliçimi..................................................................................... 195 Kayit Sistemi............................................................................................................................ 196 Kronoloji.................................................................................................................................... 196 Temizlik Çahçmalarinm Baçlangicinda Saray Yapi Grubunun Durumu.............................. 196 Saray Yapi Grubunda Arkeolojik Evrelerin Özeti................................................................. 196 Sonuç Raporunun Sunum Düzeni........................................................................................... 196 2. Bölüm — Surlu A
Yapisi....................................................................................................................... 196 Surlu A Yapisinin Tammi......................................................................................................... 196 Yapi Malzemeleri ve înça Yöntemleri Üzerine Gözlemler...................................................... 196 A Yapisinin Biçimi ve îçlevi..................................................................................................... 196 3. Bölüm — B, D, C ve E Yapilan, Yapi Grubunun Kuzey Duvan ve Cadde Geniçligince Açilan Açma....................................................................................................... 197 В Yapisi ve Yapiyla îlgili Uyarlamalar..................................................................................... 197 D Yapisi...................................................................................................................................... 197 îki Odah C Yapisi......................................................................................................................... 197 Saray Yapi Grubunun Kuzey ÇevreDuvari.................................................................................197 C ve D Yapilari ile îliçkili Açik Alanlar................................................................................... 197 E Yapisi...................................................................................................................................... 197 Kuzeydeki Cadde Geniçligince Açilan
Açma......................................................................... 198 4. Bölüm — Kabul Salonu......................................................................................................................... 198 5. Bölüm — Kesme Ta§ Yapi..................................................................................................................... 198 6. Bölüm — Kabul Salonu ve Kesme Ta§ Yapinin Görsel Canlandirmasi............................................. 198 7. Bölüm — Anitsal Giri§......................................................................................................................... 198 8. Bölüm — Buluntular............................................................................................................................. 199 Demir Çagi Metal Eserleri....................................................................................................... 199 Demir Çagi’nin Yontulmuç, Yazith ve Mimari Ta§ Eserleri.................................................... 199 Demir Çagi Seramigi................................................................................................................... 200 9. Bölüm — Seramikler Üzerindeki îçaretler ve Yazilar........................................................................ 200 xvii
xviii TABLE OF CONTENTS 10. Bölüm — Saray Yapi Grubunda Bulunan Hayvan Kemikleri........................................................... 200 11. Bölüm — Bizans Dönemi....................................................................................................................200 12. Bölüm — Yorum ve Tarti§ma.............................................................................................................. 200 Bir Demir Çag Baçkenti Olarak Kerkenes.................................................................................. 200 Saray Yapi Grubunun Konumu ve Demir Çagi Kentinin Yapisi.............................................. 202 Saraym îçlevi ve Görevlileri........................................................................................................ 203 Saray Kurumu.............................................................................................................................. 203 Eri§im ve Hariciyet...................................................................................................................... 203 APPENDIX i. Concordance of Site Inventory and identification Numbers..................................................... 205 APPENDIX 2. Concordance of identification Numbers Ordered by Trench and Then by Unit..................... 211 APPENDIX 3. Concordance of Trenches 1928-2011.......................................................................................... 227 APPENDIX 4. Units of Excavation by
Trench.................................................................................................... 229 APPENDIX 5. Place Names.................................................................................................................................... 237 APPENDIX 6. Technical Abbreviations.............................................................................................................. 239 PLATES
|
| adam_txt |
TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. xix LIST OF TABLES. xxi LIST OF FIGURES. xxiii LIST OF PLATES. xxiii PREFACE (Geoffrey D. Summers). xxix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (Françoise Summers and Geoffrey D. Summers).xxxi INTRODUCTION (Nick Cahill). xxxv BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON KERKENES PROJECT PUBLICATIONS. xxxvii BIBLIOGRAPHY. xxxix CHAPTER 1. Background: Remote Sensing, Excavation Strategies, Methods, and Notation (Françoise Summers and Geoffrey D. Summers). 1 The Location of the Palatial
Complex. 1 Strategies and Progress of Research at the Palatial Complex. 3 The Name “Palatial Complex”. 3 Remote Sensing. 3 Expectations of Excavation at the Palatial Complex. 4 Strategies and Progress of the Excavations. 5 1996 Test Excavations. 5 1999 and 2000 Clearance and Excavation. 5 Excavations. 5 Notation. 6 Numbering of Trenches. 6 Excavation Units, Recording, and Finds
Numbering. 7 Illustration. 7 Excavation Units and the Recovery of Carved Stone. 8 Stone Fragment Processing. 8 Chronology.9 The Palatial Complex at the Start of Clearance. 10 Summary of Phases at the Palatial Complex. 11 Phase 1: Structure A. И Phase 2: Structures behind the Fortified Structure A. 11 The Audience Hall and Ashlar Building. 12 Structures В, C, D, and E. 12 Extension of the Paving. 12 Phase 3: The Monumental
Entrance. 12 Destruction. 12 Tumulus Burials. 13 A Byzantine Burial. 13 Robbing and Looting. 13 Recent Activities. 13 vii
viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Organization of this Report. 13 CHAPTER 2. The Fortified Structure A (Geoffrey D. Summers). 15 Location. 15 Chronology. 16 Strategy and Methods. 17 Description of the Fortified Structure A.18 Materials and Observations on Methods of Construction. 18 Detailed Observations. 19 The Form and Purpose of Structure A. 20 Destruction and Disturbance. 22 Preservation
Measures. 22 CHAPTER 3. Structures B, D, C, and E; the Northern Wall of the Complex and the Trench across the Street (Geoffrey D. Summers). 23 Methods and Strategies. 23 Chronology and Construction Sequence. 25 Structure В and Related Adaptations. 25 Strategy. 25 Description of the Structure В Terraces. 26 Structure D. 26 Description of Structure D. 26 The Two-Roomed Building, Structure C. 27 Description of Structure
C.27 The Northern Room of Structure C. 28 The Southern Room of Structure C. 28 Material on the Floors of Structure C.28 The Palatial Complex Boundary Wall at North. 29 External Spaces Associated with StructuresC and D.29 Summary. 29 Structure E. 30 Detailed Description. 30 Interpretation. 31 The Trench Cut across the Street at North. 31 CHAPTER 4. The Audience Hall (Geoffrey D.
Summers). 33 Location. 34 Chronology. 34 Strategy and Methods. 34 Description of the Audience Hall. 35 The Architecture. 35 The Anteroom. 35 The Hall. 36 Notes on the Order and Methods of Construction. 37 Observations on the Processes of Destruction, Decay, and Disturbance. 37 Features to the North of the Audience Hall. 38 CHAPTER 5. The Ashlar Building (Geoffrey D.
Summers). 39 Location. 39 Chronology. 39
TABLE OF CONTENTS ix Strategy and Methods. 40 Description of the Ashlar Building. 41 The Front Room. 41 The Inner Room. 42 Construction Materials.43 Granite. 43 Limestone. 43 Sandstone. 43 Mudbrick and Mud Plaster. 43 Timber. 44
Reeds. 44 Iron. 44 Observations on the Order and Methods of Construction. 44 The Foundations. 44 The Ashlars. 45 The Superstructure. 45 Masonry Techniques and Stoneworking. 45 Inscribed Marks. 46 External Surfaces. 47 Observations on the Processes of Destruction and Decay. 47 CHAPTER 6. Visual Reconstructions of the Audience Hall and the Ashlar Building (Ahmet Çinici and Geoffrey D. Summers). 49 Making
the Model. 50 Roof Slope. 50 Eaves. 50 Akroteria.50 Shutters in Pediments, Lofts, and Balconies.51 Façade Proportions . 51 Roof Structure. 51 Columns and Column Capitals of the Audience Hall. 51 Heat and Light. 52 Concluding Remarks. 52 CHAPTER 7. The Monumental Entrance (Geoffrey D. Summers). 55 Location and
Components. 55 Chronology. 57 Strategy and Methods. 57 Excavated Components. 61 The North and South Platforms. 61 Location and Arrangement of the idol Blocks and Medium-Sized Bolsters. 63 The Façades. 65 The Space between the Façades. 66 The Pavements. 67 The Paved Street to Structure A. 67 The Eastern Paved Area. 67 The Paved Street Leading to the Audience Hall. 67
The Pavement in Front of the Entrance. 68
X TABLE OF CONTENTS The Pavement between the Platforms. 68 The Pavement between the Façades. 68 The Pavement between the Monumental Entrance and the Audience Hall. 68 Individual Architectural Elements in the Monumental Entrance. 68 Freestanding Columns. 68 Plinths.69 The Aniconic Stele. 69 The Street and the Boundary Wall to the Southeast. 69 Stone and Stoneworking Techniques at the Monumental Entrance. 70 Granite. 70 Wackestone.70 Destruction and Fire. 71 The Aspect
of the Monumental Entrance following the Fire.72 Tumulus Construction. 73 Stone Robbing and Looting. 73 A Shepherd’s Fold on the South Platform. 74 CHAPTER 8. The Finds (Geoffrey D. Summers and Noël Siver). 75 Metal Objects from the Iron Age. 75 Gold. 75 Silver. 75 Copper Alloy. 76 Lead. 76 Iron Objects. 76
Architectural Iron. 76 Sculpted, Inscribed, and Architectural Stone of the Iron Age.77 Sculpture and Inscription. 77 Architectural Stone. 78 Granite. 78 Wackestone. 79 The Iron Age Pottery. 79 Finds from in Front of the Fortified Structure. 80 Objects from in Front of the Glacis.80 Copper Alloy Tube. 80 Stone Harness Attachment. 80
Pottery. 80 Astralagus. 80 Finds from behind the Fortified Structure. 81 Copper Alloy Object from Structure C. 81 Needle Fragment. 81 Metal Objects from Fills. 81 Copper Alloy Hairgrip. 81 Iron Pointed Object. 81 Iron Bar. 81 Ivory from the Predestruction Fill Site. 81 Decorated Ivory Fragment. 81 Bone and Antler Objects from Structure C . 82
TABLE OF CONTENTS xi Antler Fragments.82 Astragalus. 82 Iron Age Pottery from Structure A. 82 Iron Age Pottery from between Structures A and D. 82 Tripod Bowl. 82 Jug with Pot Mark. 83 Jug Neck with Pot Mark on Shoulder. 83 Jug. 83 Krater. 84 Faceted Sherds. 84 Iron Age Diagnostic Pottery Sherds from behind the Glacis.84 Pattern Painted Sherd. 84 Spout with
Sieve. 84 Sherd with Pot Mark. 85 Faceted Sherd. 85 Iron Age Pottery from Structure C. 85 Pottery from the Northern Room of Structure C.85 Juglet.85 Funnel.86 Sherd with Pot Mark. 86 Pottery from the Southern Room of Structure C.86 Juglet. 86 Large Lid with Faceted Bar Handle. 86 Large Lid with Ridged Bar Handle. 87 Large
Bowl.87 Pithos. 87 Finds from Structure E.88 Metal Objects. 88 Copper Alloy Nail. 88 Iron Post Bracket. 88 Finds from the Audience Hall. 88 Gold. 88 Gold Sheet Fragments. 88 Copper Alloy Objects. 88 Attachment. 88 Pierced Band
Fragment. 89 Domed Fragment. 89 Tube Fragment. 89 Rod Fragment. 89 Shank Fragment. 89 Three Lunate Rings. 89 Sheet Fragment. 89 Scraps of Sheet Not Illustrated. 89 Iron Objects. 9° Pierced Plate. 90 Fragment. 90 Ring. 90
хН TABLE OF CONTENTS Architectural Iron. 90 Triangular-Headed Nails. 90 Flat-Headed Nail. 91 Nails. 91 Group of Iron Nails Found Together. 91 Iron Nail Fragments Not illustrated. 92 Ivory Inlay. 92 Semicircular Ivory Inlay. 92 Iron Age Pottery. 92 Juglet. 92 Sherds Not Illustrated. 93 Architectural
Stone.93 Column Base. 93 Architectural Fragments Not Illustrated. 93 Finds from the Ashlar Building. 93 Silver and Copper Alloy. 93 Silver Sheet Fragment. 93 Copper Alloy Shank Fragment. 93 Iron Objects. 93 Iron Arrowhead. 93 Small Iron Points. 94 Triangular-Headed Iron Nails. 95 Blunt-Topped Iron Nail. 95
Architectural Iron. 96 Iron Band. 96 Cotter Pin. 96 Spike or Nail. 96 Frit. 97 Small Frit Bead. 97 Wooden Object. 97 Small Wooden Bolster Fragment.97 Bone Astragali (Evangelia Pipkin and Geoffrey D. Summers). 97 Burned Debris. 98 Burned Mudbrick. 98 Burned Clay with Reed
Impressions. 98 Architectural Stone. 98 Sandstone Plug. 98 Finds from the Monumental Entrance.98 Gold. 98 Gold-Headed Tack. 98 Gold Foil Fragment. 98 Gold Strip Fragments. 99 Gold Animal Horn. 99 Melted Gold Alloy. 99 Silver Objects.99 Silver
Nail.99 Silver Tacks. 99
TABLE OF CONTENTS xiii Silver Alloy Appliqué. Silver Sheet Not Illustrated. 100 Copper Alloy Objects. 100 Embossed Copper Alloy PlaqueDecorated Sheet. юо Ibex Cut from Copper Alloy Sheet. 101 Copper Alloy Scoop. 102 Hairgrip.102 Arrowhead. 102 Copper Alloy Attachment. 102 Copper Alloy Nails. 102 Copper Alloy Wire. 103 Copper Alloy Shafts. 103 Scraps of Copper Alloy Not
Illustrated. 103 Lead. 104 Melted Lead Lumps. 104 Iron Objects. 104 Iron Hairgrip. 104 Iron Pin. 104 Architectural Iron. 104 Two Associated Iron Bands from TR16. 104 Two Associated Iron Bands from TR11. 105 Fragments of Iron Bands Not illustrated. 106 Discussion of the Iron Bands. 107 Iron Brackets and Braces. 107 Iron
Brackets. 107 Iron Bracket Fragments. 108 Iron Braces. 108 Iron Brace Fragments. 110 Iron Brace Fragments Not Illustrated. 110 Dome-Headed Iron Nails. 110 Blunt-Headed Iron Nail. 113 Iron Shaft Fragment. 113 Iron Nail Shank Fragments Not Illustrated. 114 Iron Objects. 114 Sheet Iron Object. 114 Cotter Pins. 115 Metal Objects from the Surface Not
Illustrated. 115 Stone Objects. 115 Hone Fragment. 115 Stone Bead. 115 Worked Ivory and Bone Fragments (Evangelia Pipkin, Noël Siver, and Geoffrey D. Summers). 115 Carved Ivory Disc Fragment. 116 Carved Ivory Fragments. 116 Ivory Fragment Not Illustrated. 117 Carved Bone Fragments. 117 Baked Clay and Pottery Objects. П7 Baked Clay Bead. 117
xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS Baked Clay Sphere. 117 Baked Clay Whorls. 118 Iron Age Pottery. 118 Bowl with Alphabetic Graffito. 118 Carinated Bowl with Pot Mark. 118 Bowl Base with Pot Mark. 119 Bowl with Disc Base.119 Molded Sherd. 119 Jug with Cutaway Spout. 119 Jug Fragments Not Illustrated. 119 Burned Debris. 120 Burned Debris from the Front Façade. 120 Timber Column
Fragment. 121 Mudbricks. 121 Carved Stone. 121 Semi-Iconic idols. 121 Semi-Iconic Idol Faces. 121 Dating of the Idols. 123 The Meaning of the idols. 124 Catalog of idol Representations. 124 Corner Block, idol Block 1. 124 Idol Block 2. 126 Idol Block 3. 127 Idol Block 4. 127 Idol Block
5. 128 Idol Block 6. 128 idol Block Fragments. 128 idol Block Fragment Not Illustrated. 130 idol in Relief. 130 Bolsters. 130 The Term “Bolster”. 130 Definitions of Bolsters. 131 Original Placement of Bolsters. 131 Comparanda. 131 Discussion. 132 The Catalog. 132 Small
Bolsters. 133 Small Bolster Block Outside the Monumental Entrance. 133 Medium-Sized Bolsters and Bolster Ends. 133 Large Bolsters, Bolster Ends, and Stone Capitals.133 Slab with Small Bolsters. 133 Architectural Block with Bolsters. 135 Reconstruction of the Architectural Block with Bolsters (Noël Siver). 136 Small Engaged Bolster. 136 Bolster Fragments. 137 Large Bolsters and Bolster Ends. 138 Engaged Bolsters. 138
TABLE OF CONTENTS xv Bolster Ends.140 Bolster Fragments Not Illustrated. 141 Bolsters to the West of the Monumental Entrance. 141 Engaged Bolster Fragment.141 Block with Engaged Bolster. 141 Miscellaneous Granite and Sandstone Architectural Fragments. 142 Architectural Granite Fragments. 142 Architectural Sandstone Fragments. 142 Architectural Sandstone Fragments Not Illustrated. 142 Plugs. 143 Granite Plug. 143 Sandstone Plugs. 143 Blocks with Clamp
Cuttings. 143 Comparanda. 144 Discussion. 144 Catalog of Clamp Cuttings. 144 Clamp Cutting Numbers 1-3. 145 Clamp Cutting Numbers 4-5. 145 Clamp Cutting Numbers 6-8. 145 Clamp Cutting Numbers 9-10. 146 Clamp Cutting Numbers 11-12. 146 Clamp Cutting Number 13. 147 Clamp Cutting Number 14. 147 Clamp Cutting Number 15. 147 Clamp Cutting Numbers 16-17. 147 Clamp
Cutting Number 18. 148 Clamp Cutting Number 19. 148 Clamp Cutting Number 20. 148 Clamp Cutting Numbers 21-22. 148 Clamp Cutting Number 23. 149 Clamp Cutting Number 24. 149 Clamp Cutting Number 25. 149 Clamp Cutting Number 26. 149 Clamp Cutting Number 27. 149 Clamp Cutting Number 28. 149 Clamp Cutting Number 29. 150 Clamp Cuttings Not illustrated. 150 Stone Fragments with Drip Marks. 150 Fragment of Sandstone
Block with Drip Marks.150 Sandstone Fragments with Drip Marks. 150 Sandstone Fragments with Drip Marks Not illustrated. 151 In Situ Architectural Elements at the Monumental Entrance. 151 Column Bases, Wackestone. 151 Plinth, Wackestone. 151 Aniconic Stele, Granite. 152 Masons’ Marks. 152 Catalog of Masons’Marks. 152
xvi TABLE OF CONTENTS Sandstone Block with Masons’ Mark.152 Sandstone Fragments with Incised Marks. 152 Byzantine Objects from the Monumental Entrance. 153 Byzantine Coin. 153 Copper Alloy Coin. 153 Glass. 153 Conical Glass Whorl. 153 Miscellaneous Unstratified Finds. 154 Pottery. 154 Sherd with Painted Pattern. 154 Unstratified Objects. 154 Iron
Arrowhead. 154 Iron Blade Fragment. 154 CHAPTER 9. Pot Marks and Graffiti on Pottery at Kerkenes Dag (Susanne Berndt). 155 General Comments. 155 Alphabetic Marks. 155 Nonalphabetic Marks.156 Catalog. 157 Catalog Number 1. 157 Catalog Number 2. 157 Catalog Number 3. 158 Catalog Number 4.158 Catalog Number
5. 158 Catalog Number 6.158 Catalog Number 7.158 Catalog Number 8. 158 Catalog Number 9. 159 Catalog Number 10. 159 Catalog Number 11. 159 Catalog Number 12. 160 Catalog Number 13. 160 Catalog Number 14. 160 Catalog Number 15. 161 Catalog Number
16. 161 Catalog Number 17. 161 CHAPTER io. Animal Bones from the Palatial Complex (Evangelia Pipkin). 163 Introduction. 163 Research Aims. 163 Methods. 163 Species Proportions. 164 The Spatial Position of Finds. 167 Trench CT27 . 168 Trenches CT18 and CT16. 170 Trench TT22 . 172 The Monumental
Entrance. 174 Ageing Evidence. 175
TABLE OF CONTENTS xvii Discussion. 177 Comparison of Species Proportions at the Palatial Complex with Those at the Cappadocia Gate. 178 Comparison with Bone Assemblages from Other Sites. 178 Conclusions. 180 CHAPTER ii. The Byzantine Period (Yilmaz Selim Erdal and Geoffrey D. Summers). 183 The Byzantine-Period Burial. 183 Physical Anthropology. 184 CHAPTER 12. Concluding Remarks (Geoffrey D. Summers). 185 Considerations on Kerkenes as an Iron Age Capital. 185 The Location of the Palatial Complex and the Morphology of the Iron Age City. 188 Functions and Functionaries. 190 The Institution of the
Palace. 191 Access and Exclusion. 192 CHAPTER 13. Turkish Summary — Türkçe Özet (Çeviren Güzin Eren). 195 1. Bölüm — Genei Baki§: Uzaktan Algilama, Kazi Stratejileri, Yöntemler ve Kayit Sistemi. 195 Saray Yapi Grubunun Konumu. 195 Saray Yapi Grubunda Araçtirma Stratejileri ve Araçtirmalarin Geliçimi. 195 Kazi Stratejileri ve Kazilann Geliçimi. 195 Kayit Sistemi. 196 Kronoloji. 196 Temizlik Çahçmalarinm Baçlangicinda Saray Yapi Grubunun Durumu. 196 Saray Yapi Grubunda Arkeolojik Evrelerin Özeti. 196 Sonuç Raporunun Sunum Düzeni. 196 2. Bölüm — Surlu A
Yapisi. 196 Surlu A Yapisinin Tammi. 196 Yapi Malzemeleri ve înça Yöntemleri Üzerine Gözlemler. 196 A Yapisinin Biçimi ve îçlevi. 196 3. Bölüm — B, D, C ve E Yapilan, Yapi Grubunun Kuzey Duvan ve Cadde Geniçligince Açilan Açma. 197 В Yapisi ve Yapiyla îlgili Uyarlamalar. 197 D Yapisi. 197 îki Odah C Yapisi. 197 Saray Yapi Grubunun Kuzey ÇevreDuvari.197 C ve D Yapilari ile îliçkili Açik Alanlar. 197 E Yapisi. 197 Kuzeydeki Cadde Geniçligince Açilan
Açma. 198 4. Bölüm — Kabul Salonu. 198 5. Bölüm — Kesme Ta§ Yapi. 198 6. Bölüm — Kabul Salonu ve Kesme Ta§ Yapinin Görsel Canlandirmasi. 198 7. Bölüm — Anitsal Giri§. 198 8. Bölüm — Buluntular. 199 Demir Çagi Metal Eserleri. 199 Demir Çagi’nin Yontulmuç, Yazith ve Mimari Ta§ Eserleri. 199 Demir Çagi Seramigi. 200 9. Bölüm — Seramikler Üzerindeki îçaretler ve Yazilar. 200 xvii
xviii TABLE OF CONTENTS 10. Bölüm — Saray Yapi Grubunda Bulunan Hayvan Kemikleri. 200 11. Bölüm — Bizans Dönemi.200 12. Bölüm — Yorum ve Tarti§ma. 200 Bir Demir Çag Baçkenti Olarak Kerkenes. 200 Saray Yapi Grubunun Konumu ve Demir Çagi Kentinin Yapisi. 202 Saraym îçlevi ve Görevlileri. 203 Saray Kurumu. 203 Eri§im ve Hariciyet. 203 APPENDIX i. Concordance of Site Inventory and identification Numbers. 205 APPENDIX 2. Concordance of identification Numbers Ordered by Trench and Then by Unit. 211 APPENDIX 3. Concordance of Trenches 1928-2011. 227 APPENDIX 4. Units of Excavation by
Trench. 229 APPENDIX 5. Place Names. 237 APPENDIX 6. Technical Abbreviations. 239 PLATES |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Summers, Geoffrey D. |
| author2 | Berndt-Ersöz, Susanne 1959- Çinici, Ahmet Erdal, Yılmaz Selim 19XX- Eren, Güzin |
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| author_facet | Summers, Geoffrey D. Berndt-Ersöz, Susanne 1959- Çinici, Ahmet Erdal, Yılmaz Selim 19XX- Eren, Güzin |
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| author_sort | Summers, Geoffrey D. |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048956823 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1373946552 (DE-599)BVBBV048956823 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Kerkenes (DE-588)7652945-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Kerkenes |
| id | DE-604.BV048956823 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:59:21Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:51:13Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781614910794 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034220649 |
| oclc_num | 1373946552 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 |
| physical | xlvii, 239 Seiten, 241 Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten |
| psigel | gbd_1 BSB_NED_20231220 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Oriental Institute publications Kerkenes final reports |
| series2 | Oriental Institute publications Kerkenes final reports |
| spelling | Summers, Geoffrey D. Verfasser (DE-588)1053585071 aut Excavations at the Palatial Complex by Geoffrey D. Summers ; with contributions by Susanne Berndt, Ahmet Çinici, Yilmaz Selim Erdal, Evangelia Pişkin, Noël Siver, and Françoise Summers ; introduction by Nicholas D. Cahill ; summary translated into Turkish by Güzin Eren Chicago, Illinois The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago [2022] © 2022 xlvii, 239 Seiten, 241 Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oriental Institute publications volume 148 Kerkenes final reports 2 Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Kerkenes (DE-588)7652945-9 gnd rswk-swf Kerkenes (DE-588)7652945-9 g Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s DE-604 Berndt-Ersöz, Susanne 1959- (DE-588)1132098491 ctb Çinici, Ahmet ctb Erdal, Yılmaz Selim 19XX- (DE-588)1279333529 ctb Chaill, Nicholas D. win Eren, Güzin trl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-61491-080-0 Oriental Institute publications volume 148 (DE-604)BV008928754 148 Kerkenes final reports 2 (DE-604)BV047390980 2 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034220649&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Summers, Geoffrey D. Excavations at the Palatial Complex Oriental Institute publications Kerkenes final reports Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)7652945-9 |
| title | Excavations at the Palatial Complex |
| title_auth | Excavations at the Palatial Complex |
| title_exact_search | Excavations at the Palatial Complex |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Excavations at the Palatial Complex |
| title_full | Excavations at the Palatial Complex by Geoffrey D. Summers ; with contributions by Susanne Berndt, Ahmet Çinici, Yilmaz Selim Erdal, Evangelia Pişkin, Noël Siver, and Françoise Summers ; introduction by Nicholas D. Cahill ; summary translated into Turkish by Güzin Eren |
| title_fullStr | Excavations at the Palatial Complex by Geoffrey D. Summers ; with contributions by Susanne Berndt, Ahmet Çinici, Yilmaz Selim Erdal, Evangelia Pişkin, Noël Siver, and Françoise Summers ; introduction by Nicholas D. Cahill ; summary translated into Turkish by Güzin Eren |
| title_full_unstemmed | Excavations at the Palatial Complex by Geoffrey D. Summers ; with contributions by Susanne Berndt, Ahmet Çinici, Yilmaz Selim Erdal, Evangelia Pişkin, Noël Siver, and Françoise Summers ; introduction by Nicholas D. Cahill ; summary translated into Turkish by Güzin Eren |
| title_short | Excavations at the Palatial Complex |
| title_sort | excavations at the palatial complex |
| topic | Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ausgrabung Funde Kerkenes |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034220649&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV008928754 (DE-604)BV047390980 |
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