Secrets of the Cold War: espionage and intelligence operations - from both sides of the iron curtain ; [foreword by Major General Sir Robert Corbett (KCVO, CB)]
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Barnsley
Pen & Sword History
2022
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| Item Description: | Verfasser des Vorworts vom Schutzumschlag entnommen |
| Physical Description: | xxxvi, 252 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten, Pläne |
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| adam_text | Contents Foreword by Major General Sir Robert Corbett, KCVO, CB Preface Dramatis Personae Glossary ofAbbreviations Chronology Introduction vii ix xi xix xxviii xxxiv Chapter 1 Stalin’s Atomic Spies The Soviet Intelligence Services Stalin’s Global Outreach Tube Alloys and the Manhattan Project The Soviets Take an Interest The American Networks and the Rosenberg Ring The Other American Spies Enter the British Soviet Project Begins FIRST LIGHTNING House of Cards VENONA A Soviet Triumph 1 2 5 8 12 13 18 20 22 30 31 33 48 Chapter 2 The Spy and the Tunnel 51 Chapter 3 Tradecraft The Portland Spy Ring The Penkovsky Story The Cautionary Tale of Gerald Brooke Swap Shop 94 94 108 118 120 Chapter 4 Behind Enemy Lines Robertson-Malinin Agreement The Missions Establishment 124 126 128 134
vi Secrets of the Cold War Customers Touring Intelligence and Scoops Blurring the Lines Post-Wall Conclusion Notes Appendices Acknowledgments Selected Bibliography Index 139 140 174 176 185 186 196 213 233 234 237
Index Abel, Rudolf xvi, 95,100,189, 204, Appendix 2 Willie Fisher xi, xii, xvii, 100 Ran VOLUNTEER network 44 Exchange for Powers xxx, 92,121,188 ACOUSTINT (Acoustic Intelligence) xviii, 161, 176 ACC (Allied Control Council) xviii, 124 Adams, Arthur 15 AERE (Atomic Energy Research Establishment) xix, xxix, 25, 29, 36 AEROSOL (CIA operation with NTS) 119 Albuquerque 17, 19, 64, 65, 222 ALEK (Allan Nunn May) xvi, 23, 24 ALFA, Checkpoint 168 Alien Registration Act (US, 1940, Smith Act) 50 Altglienicke 61, 62, 68, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 89, Plate 4 {see Berlin Tunnel) AMLM (Allied Military Liaison Missions) xv, xix, 129,134,145, 147, 148,149,152,155,161,166,168,172, 173,177,178,184, 194,195, 208, 209, Plates 9,17,18 30 AMTORG Trading Corporation 8, Appendix 3 Andover C.l (PR), Avro/Hawker Siddeley, aircraft 177, 182 Andrew, Christopher 192,193 Angelov, Pavel 24 ANT (Kristel Fuchs) 26, 37 ANTENNA (Julius Rosenberg) xvii, 14, 43, Appendix 3 ANTON (Leonid Kvasnikov) 13, Appendix 3 Argonne Laboratories, Chicago 24, Appendix 1 Arlington Hall 35, 60 Army Signals Corps (US) 14, 67, 69 ARNO (Harry Gold) xiii, 25, 40, Appendix 3 ASA (US Army Security Agency) xix, xxvi, 33, 35, 36, 43, 60, 200 AScW (Association of Scientific Workers) xix, 23 ASTP (US Army Specialized Training Program) xix, 19 ASYA (Ethel Gee) xiii, 97 Athenstedt (DDR) 156,162 Kabina 66/5N87 radar) Plate 21 Barr, Joel x, 15,16,17, 43,191,194,197, 204, Appendices 2 3 BAOR (British Army of the Rhine) 128, 139,182 BASC (Berlin Air Safety Centre) xviii, 169, 210 BCZ (Berlin Control Zone) xix, 62,130, 169,170,171,172,
176, 177,180,181, 210, Plate 17 Bell Laboratories xi, xvii, xviii, 14,15, 16 Behar, George see Blake, George Bekhter, Gyorgi see Blake, George Bentley, Elizabeth xi, 7, 8, 33, 41, 42, 43, 200, Appendices 2 3 Berg, Joseph Barr, Joel Beria, Lavrentiy xi, 12, 13, 22, 23, 25, 64, 205, Appendix 3 Berlin Airlift xxix, 53, 66,119,176 Berlin Infantry Brigade xix, 134, 140, 171 Berlin Tunnel 61, 65, 89, 195, Plate 4 Intelligence blackout 60, 62 Operation SILVER xxix, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 69, 70, 76, 77 PB JOINTLY (Berlin Tunnel - CIA) 61, 80, 89 BACK TRAP (Soviet
238 Secrets of the Cold War SIS) 61, Rejected offer of exfiltration 48 80, 89 Identified as ‘Fourth Man’ 48 GOLD (Berlin Tunnel) 61, 76, 79, 80, Public exposure xxxiii, 48 84, 89 BNFMRA (British Non-Ferrous Metals Betrayed by Blake xxx, 63, 79, 89 Research Association) xvi, xix, 28 Operation GOLD xxx, 61, 76, 79, 80, Bohr, Niels xi, 11,196,197 84, 89 Bond, James xxxii, xxxiii, 109, 112, 123, Digging begins xxx, 67 188,206 First tap made xxx, 70, 71, 72 Bort aircraft number 144, 152,168 Tunnel discovered xxx, 78, 79, 80, 81, Bourke, Sean 92,191 82, 203 Bradley, General Omar 35 Berlin Wall 85,16,165 Brandenburg Gate, Berlin 171, Plate 35 Building of xxxi, 133, 171, Appendix 6 Bravo, Checkpoint ix, 92, 166 Collapse of xxxiii, xxxv, 163, 174, 182, Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyich 187 185 BRD see Federal Republic of Germany Beurton, Ursula see Kuczyński, Ursula Bridge of Spies see Glienicke Bridge Bialek, Robert 93 British Army 132,134,135,136,137, Black Banana see ACOUSTINT 141,146,149, Blake, George xi, xvi, xxviii, 52, 87, 93, BRIXMIS xvii, xxix, 77, Plates 6, 8,10, 186, 203, Appendix 2 11 13 Early life 52 Creation xxxiii, 126, 128 Behar becomes Blake 53 Role 131,132,133,134 Joins SIS 53 Structure 134, 135, 136, Appendix 5 Posted to Seoul, Korea xxix, 54 Geography 132,134,147, Plates 17, 18 Capture in Korea xxx, 55, 56 31 Offers services to MGB xxx, 56, 204 Customers 139, 140, 149 Returns to UK xxx, 57, 58 OBERON (BRIXMIS Chipmunk recce Betrays Berlin Tunnel xxx, 63, 79, 89 flights over Berlin) 136,140,171, 210, Appendix 6, Plate 34 Posted to West Berlin xxx, 76, 85, 93 and BRIXMIS
184 Personnel 145,146,147,209, Posted to MECAS, Lebanon xxxi, 85, Appendix 5 86 Touring 149, 150, 159,164, 165,166, 167,173, 208, Plates 19, 20, 21, 36 Implicated by SNIPER 86 LAMBDA 1 (MI5 codename for 37 Vehicles 155,156,157,158, Plates 12, George Blake) xi, 86, 87, 97 16, 22,24, 25,26 27 Investigation 87, 88,107 Scoops 174, Plate 9 Recalled to London xxxi, 88 Interrogation 88, 89 FIREBAR 182, 183 Confession and arrest xxxi, 89 Disbanded xxxiii, 185 Trial and conviction xxxi, 90, 91, 92, Broda, Engelbert 23, 30,186, 198 Brooke, Gerald xii, xvi, 94, 118, 119, 120, 201 Appendix 2 Escape xxxii, 92 and NTS 118,206 Defection xxxii, 92 Arrives in Moscow xxxii, 120 Life in Moscow as Gyorgi Bekhter, Arrest xxxii, 120 and death 187, 190, 191, 192 Show trial and conviction xxxii, 120 Blake, Gillian 86, 88, 89 Exchanged for Cohens/Krogers xxxiii, BLITZ (Stasi operation based on Blake’s betrayal) 77 122,123,189,219 Blunt, Anthony xii, 8, 46, 53, Appendix 2 Brothman, Abraham 40, 41, 42, Clears Burgess’ flat 46 Appendix 2 STOPWATCH (Berlin Tunnel -
Index BRUSA (UKUSA) Agreement 182 Bückeburg, RAF, West Germany 176, 177, Appendix 8 Bulganin, Nikolai 64, 76 BUMBLEBEE (David Greenglass) xiii, 16, 42, 198, Appendix 3 Bundesrepublik Deutschland see Federal Republic of Germany Burgess, Guy xi, 8, 53, Appendices 2 3 Recalled to UK 46 Escape plan for Maclean 46 Tip-off from Philby 47 Defection and scandal xxx, 46, 47, 48, 56, 58, 90,190, 203 Later life in Moscow and death 191 Bush, Vannevar xii, 9 Cairncross, John xii, 8,12, 22, 30, 48, 53, Appendices 2 3 Identified by document from Burgess’ flat 46 Investigated by Skardon 46 Coached by Modin 46,192 Resigned from Civil Service and moved to USA 46, 47 Confessed to MI5 but not prosecuted 47,192 CALIBRE (David Greenglass) xiv 16, 27, 42,191,198, Appendix 3 CALLISTRATUS (Aleksander Feklisov) 29 Caltech (California Institute of Technology) 10, Appendix 1, Cambridge Spies 8, 12, 22, 23, 46, 48, 53,60 Capitalism 1, 51 Carew Hunt, R. N. 54 Carré, John le xxxi, xxxii, xxxiii, 94, 112, 199, 201, 203 Cavendish Laboratory 9,10, 23,193, Appendix 1 Chadwick, James xii, 8,12, 23, 196,197 Chalk River xvi, 10, 12, 24, 45, Appendix 1 CHARLES (Klaus Fuchs) xiii, 27, 28, 36, 37, Appendix 3 Charlie, Checkpoint ix, Plate 1 Cheka xx, xxii, 2, 3 Chichayev, Ivan 5 ‘Chickenfeed’ 78, 111, 205 239 Chipmunk, de Havilland, aircraft 135, 136,140,141,169,171,172,173,177, 210, 212, Appendix 6, Plates 34, 35 39 Churchill, Winston xxix, xxxiv, 8, 9,11, 21,124 CIA xiii, xvi, xvii, 35, 59, 85, 88,119, 185,192,203 Creation of xxix, 50, 206 Berlin Operating Base (BOB) 73, 74, 78, 83, 87 Berlin Tunnel 61, 62, 64,
65, 66, 73, 76, 78, 79 81, 83, 89, 90 and Penkovsky 109, 110, 111, 112, 113,114,115,116,117 and NTS 119 City College New York xviii, 14,15,16, 18,19 CCNY Julius Rosenberg 14 CCNY George Koval 19 Clayallee 74,168 CLEVER GIRL (Elizabeth Bentley) xi, Appendix 3 CLYDE (Unknown) 20, Appendix 2 Cockcroft, John xii, 29,197 Cohen, Lona xii, xv, 30, Appendices 2 3 Recruited by NKVD 100 Courier for Hall 19, 44 Courier for Pontecorvo 24, 44 Emergency contact for Gold, Greenglass and Fuchs 27, 44 Ran VOLUNTEER network with Morris 44 Exfiltrated to Mexico xxix, 44, 100 Arrives in UK as Helen Kroger xxx, 44, 100 Supported Lonsdale Portland Spy Ring 44,100 Lonsdale followed to Kroger’s house 99 Investigation 99,102, 103, 204 SNIPER defection 103 Arrested xxxi, 104, 105 Helen Kroger identified as Lona Cohen 107 Trial and conviction xxxi, 107,108, 206 Exchanged for Brooke xxxiii, 92,121, 122,123 Later life in Soviet Union and death 123,189,191,193, 207, 211
240 Secrets of the Cold War Cohen, Morris xi, xiv, 19, Appendices 2 3 Recruited by NKVD 100 Semyonov as handler 100 Ran VOLUNTEER network with Lona 44 Exfiltrated to Mexico xxix, 44,100 Arrived in UK as Peter Kroger xxx, 44, 100 Supported Lonsdale Portland Spy Ring 44,100 Lonsdale followed to Kroger’s house 99 Investigation 99, 102, 103, 204 SNIPER defection 103 Arrested xxxi, 104,105 Peter Kroger identified as Morris Cohen 107 Trial and conviction xxxi, 107,108, 206 Exchanged for Brooke xxxiii, 92, 121, 122,123 Later life in Soviet Union and death 123,189,191,193, 207 Columbia University 10, 25, Appendix 1 Comecon 78 Comintern xix, xx, xxiv, xxxiv, 1, 4, 6, 7, 13, 23,196, Appendix 3 Communism xxxv, 1, 8, 18,20, 23, 50, 51,52,53, 54,56, 82,195 Engels, Friedrich 54 Marx, Karl 54, 56 Marxism xxxiv, 1, 5, 54 CONFLICT (GPO phone tapping op in Vienna) 59 Control Commission Germany (British Element) 126, Appendix 4 Corridors, Air 176, 177, 180,181, 182, Appendix 7, Plate 17 Counterintelligence 5, 42, 76, 86, 87, 94, 103,121,195 CPGB (Communist Party of Great Britain) xx, 7, 23, 29 CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union) 123 CPUSA (Communist Part of the United States of America) xiii, xx, 7, 13, 14, 15, 36, 50, Appendix 2 Cranley Drive, Ruislip 99, 100, 101, 102 Cuban Missile crisis xxxii, 115, 117, 133, 171 Czechoslovakia, 1968 Soviet invasion of xxxiii, 148,176 DACHNIKI (Cohens/Krogers) xii, xiv, 100 Davin Modulux 130 ‘Starlight’ Image Intensifier 160, 166, Plate 28 Dayton xiv, 20 DDR see German Democratic Republic Dead double xx, xxx, 95,105,123,189 Dead drop xxxii, 6, 86,
98,100,108,109, 112,113,114,115,116,134,196 DELMAR (George Koval) xiv, 19, 44, Appendix 3 DIA (US Defence Intelligence Agency) 50 DIOMID (George Blake) xi, 57, 59, 64, 83, 92 Deutsche Demokratische Republik see German Democratic Republic Diplomatic cover/immunity/bag/pouch xxii, xxiii, xxv, 5,18, 22, 54, 55, 59, 110,114,126,131,160,198, 205, Appendix 3 4 DIS (Defence Intelligence Staff, British) xx, 140 DNI (Director of National Intelligence) 5 Dollis Hill see GPO Douglas-Home, Alec 184 Dozhdalev, Vasili xi, 56, 77, 97, 107, 202, 204 DPRK (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, North Korea) 54, 55, 56, 58, 204 Dupont 10, 24, 197, Appendix 1 DUST COVER (MI5 surveillance op on Krogers) 99 Dzerzhinsky, Feliks 2, 4 EAC (European Advisory Commission) 124 East German workers’ uprising, 1953 73, 133,210 Einstein, Albert xii, xxviii, 9, 196 Einstein-Szilard Letter xxviii, 9 Eisenhower, President Dwight D. 44, 69 Eitner, Horst 87, 88 Eldorado Mine 10, Appendix 1
Index Electric Light, Project (BRIXMIS) 135, 137,138,142 ELINT xxi, 69,153,168 Elliot, Nicholas 48 ENORMOZ 12,13, 22, 23, ЗО, 194, Appendix З FIRST LIGHTNING 31 RDS-l/JOE-1 20, 31, 48 ERIC (Engelbert Broda) 23 Exacta camera 105,106,114, 205 FANSONG (SNR-75 radar for SA-2 GUIDELINE SAM) 154 FARRADAY (Unknown) 19, Appendix 2 FAT MAN (Nagasaki atomic bomb) see Manhattan Project FBI (Federal Bureau of Intelligence) 14, 33, 35, 37, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 88, 95,107,121,193, Appendix 3, Plate 2 FCD (First Chief Directorate) see PGU Federal Republic of Germany (West) 169,171,176,180,181 Creation of xxix Joins NATO xxx and BRIXMIS 134,148,149,175, 184,208 Feklisov, Aleksandr Semyonovich 29, 30, 36, 96, 204 Fermi, Enrico xii, 24,196,199, Appendix 1 FEUERWERK (Stasi operation based on Blake’s betrayal) 77 FF (Ferguson Formula) Developments Ltd 157 FIREBAR (Yak-28) 182, 183 Fisher, Willie see Abel, Rudolf FISHBED (Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21) 143,145, 208 Fitin, Pavel xiii, 12,13,14, Appendix 3 FITTER (Sukhoi Su-17) 143,144,145, 152,153, 208 FMLM^MMFL FOGEL (Russell McNutt) xv, 15, 45, Appendix 3 Ford Custom 158 Galaxy 158 Bronco 158, 209 Foreign department (KGB) INO Fort Monmouth xi, xvii, xviii, 14,15, 16 241 Frankfurt, West Germany 78, 79,129,177 FRG see Federal Republic of Germany Frisch, Otto xiii, xxviii, 9, 11,196 Frisch-Peierls Memorandum xxviii, 9 FROGFOOT (Sukhoi Su-25) 143,144, 145, 209 FRÜHLING (Stasi operation based on Blake’s betrayal) 77 Fuchs, Klaus xiii, xxviii, 4, 5, 7,12,17, 20, 31,186 192,193,194,197,199, Appendix 2 Flees Germany for the UK 21 Internment as enemy
alien 21 Joins Tube Alloys 21 Offers services to Soviet Union 21 Recruited into GRU 21 Kremer as handler (GRU) 22 Beurton as handler (GRU) 22,198 Manhattan Project 25 Columbia University 25 Semyonov as handler (NKVD/ NKGB) 25, 26, 29,199 Gold as courier 25, 26, 42 Move to Los Alamos 26, 27 Lona Cohen as emergency contact 44 TRINITY 27 Return to UK AERE 28, 29 Feklisov as handler 29, 30, 36, 204 Exposed by VENONA 36, 60,100 Investigated by Skardon 37, 41, 43, 46 Arrest xxix, 37 Trial and conviction xxix, 40, 45, 90, 91,107, 201 Fuchs, Kristel 26, 37, 42 GADFLY (SA-ll/Buk-M19k37 SAM) 175 (US prototype atomic bomb) 27,31 Gardner, Meredith 34, 35, 44, 46 Gaseous diffusion/separation 20, 21, 25, 26, 48, 199, Appendix 1 Gatow, RAF 57, 69, 73, 75,135,169, 171,172,173,176,180,181,184, Appendix 6 GCHQ_(UK Government Communications Headquarters) 35, 50, 91,195 and Portland Spy Ring 99,102,103 and BRIXMIS 140 GADGET,
242 Secrets of the Cold War Gee, Ethel see Houghton, Harry General Electric xvii, 14 German Democratic Republic (GDR/ DDR) 37,45, 84, 90,180,185,186, 187, 192,194,195,196, 202, 207, 209 Creation of xxix and BRIXMIS 128,129,130,131, 131,134,135,136,137,139,140, 141,142,145,146,147,148,149, 150,151,152,161,163,166,167, 168, 173, 176,177, 208, Plates 20, 21, 30 32 Geschwader aircraft number 152 Gibson, Steve (BRIXMIS) 175 GKKNR (Soviet State Committee for Coordination of Scientific Research) xxi, 110, 114, 115,116 GKO (Gosudarstvennyi Komitet Oborony) xiv, xxi, 13, 22 Glassman, Vivian xiii, 16, 17, 194, Appendix 2 Glienicke Bridge xxxi, 121, 139,161,166, 168,185,188, 209, Plates 25, 32 33 GNOME (William Perl) xvi, Appendix 3 GODSEND (Oscar Seborer) xvi, 15, 44, 191, Appendix 3 Gold, Harry xiii, 7,13,17, 30, 37,194, Appendix 2 Recruited by Golos 13, 40 Worked for Brothman 40, 41 Courier to Fuchs 25, 26, 27 Courier to Greenglass 27 Lona Cohen as emergency contact 44 Implicated by Fuchs 40 Implicated by VENONA 41 Linked to Bentley, Brothman, Golos, Fuchs Yakolev 42, 43, 201 Arrest xxix, 42 Implicates Greenglass Rosenbergs 42 Trial and conviction 42,187, Plate 2 GOLD, Operation see Berlin Tunnel Goleniewski, Lt. Col. Michael xii Begins supplying material to West xxxi, 86 SNIPER xiii, 86, 87, 97,107,192 LAVINIA xiii, 86 Defection xxxi, 87, 88,103,192 Golitsyn, Major Anatoli xiii Defection xxxi, 121 Golos, Jacob xiii, 13,14,15,17, 41, 42, Appendices 2 3 CPUSA 13 World Tourists 13 Recruits Gold 13 Recruits Rosenberg 13 GOOSE (GUS) (Harry Gold) xiii, 25, 37, 40, 41 Appendix 3
Gordievsky, Oleg 192 Gorsky, Anatoly xiii, 12 Gouzenko, Igor xiv, xxiv, 32, Appendix 2 Defection 32, 47, 192 GPO (British General Post Office/ Dollis Hill) xxi, 59, 70, 72 GPU xxi, xxii, 2, 3 Grabeel, Gene 34 Grechko, Marshall Andrei Antonovich 74, 78 Greenglass, David xiv, 7,16,17, 18, 30, 194,197,198, Appendix 2 Gold as courier 27, 40, 42 Revealed in VENONA linked to Rosenberg 42, 43 Implicated by Gold 42 Arrest xxix, 42, 43 Implicates Rosenbergs (deal with FBI) 43 Trial and conviction 43, 187, Plates 2 3 Greenglass, Ruth xiv, 17, 194 Revealed in VENONA 42 Arrest 43 Grepos (Grenzpolizei, East German border police) xi, 165, 167 Gross, Lt. Col. Leslie Μ. 64 Groves, Brig. Gen. Leslie R. xiv, 10,11, 26 GRU (Glavnoye Razvedyvatelnoye Upravlenie) xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, xxi, xxii, xxv, xxvi, xxx, 4, 5, 6, 12, 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 32, 34, 44, 45, 84, 93,108,110, 111, 192, 207, Appendices 2 3 and BRIXMIS 129,161 GRUMBLE (SA-10B/S-300PMU air defence system) 175, Plate 37 GSGF (Group of Soviet Forces in Germany) xxi, xxvii, 64, 74, 75, 78, 85,126/129, 130,132,133,141,149,
Index 152,169,171,174,175,177,182,183, Plates 19, 20 30 GUGB xxii, 2, 3, Hall, Theodore ‘Ted’ xii, xiii, xiv, xvii, 4, 30, 31, 44,186,191,194,197,198, 201, Appendix 2 Los Alamos 18 Offers services to Soviets 18 MLAD (Ted Hall) xiv, 18, 44, 45,191, 201, Appendix З Yatskov as handler 18 Sax as courier 18 Lona Cohen as courier 19, 44 Part of VOLUNTEER network 44 Implicated by VENONA 44 Investigated but not prosecuted 45 Later life 193 HALLMARK, Operation (Berlin air corridors PR missions) xxxiii, 177,178, 180,181,182, 211, Appendix 7, Plate 38 Hallock, Lt. Richard 34 Hamburg 53,176 Hanford 10, 24, 31, Appendix 1 Hankey, Sir Maurice xiv, 12 Hanover, West Germany 176 Harvey, Bill 83 Harwell xiii, xvi, xxix, 5,25,29, 36, 37, 40,45 Havel, Lake, Berlin 182, 183 Haynes, John Earl 45,191,193, Appendix 3 Heisenberg, Werner xiv, 9, 196 Heerstraße Checkpoint, Berlin xxxii, 121,188 Helmstedt 92, 168 HERO (Oleg Penkovsky) xvi, 110 HICKS (Guy Burgess) xii, Appendix 3 Hiroshima xxviii, 18, 24, 27, 28, 48 HOLA (Melita Norwood) xvi, 28, 47, Hollis, Roger 48 HOMER (Donald Maclean) xv, 12, 45, 46, Appendix 3 HONEST JOHN (US MGR-1 nuclear capable rocket) 175 Houghton, Harry xiv, 51, 86, Appendix 2 Recruited by UB 96 Job at UDE 96, 204 243 Feklisov as handler 96 Dozhdalev as handler xii, 97, 202 Lonsdale as handler xxxi, 97 Begins relationship with Gee xiii, 97 Implicated by SNIPER (as LAMBDA 2) xiii, 97 LAMBDA 2 (MI5 codename for Harry Houghton) xiv, 86, 97 Investigation 97, 98, 99,100,102, 103 SNIPER defection 103 Arrested with Gee and Lonsdale xxxi, 103,104, 106,107 Trial and conviction with
Gee and Lonsdale xxxi, 107, 108, 187 Huebner, Lieutenant General Clarence R. xiv, 128 Huebner-Malinin Agreement xxiv, 128 HUGHES (Alfred Sarant) Appendix 3 Humber, vehicle manufacturer Box Car 156,157 Snipe 156 Super Snipe 156 HUMINT (Human Intelligence) xxii, 31, 32, 58 Hungary, 1956 Soviet Invasion 133,176 HUNT (Unknown) 47, Appendix 2 Hydrogen bomb 27, 30, 44 Illegal (agent) xi, xii, xv, xvi, xxii, 4, 5, 6, 7,13,15,19,22, 56, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100,110,189, Appendix 3 ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries) 10, Appendix 1 Image Movement Compensation (IMC) 178 Imperial College, London 10, Appendix 1 Implosion 15,19, 26, 27, 48 Inner German Border (IGB) 133, 148, INO (Inostrannyi Otdel) xiii, xxii, 4, 12, 197 Intelligence Corps (British Army) 136, 137, 139, 141, 149, Appendix 5 Intelligence Services Act (UK, 1994) 91 Intelligence (Special Duties) Course, Ashford 135,139,141, Plate 11 Internal Security Act (US, 1950, McCarren Act) 50 International Liaison Department see OMS
244 Secrets of the Cold War JACOB (William Perl) xvi, Appendix 3 Jeep Wagoneer 158 Jello Plate 2 JHQ_(Joint Headquarters) Rheindahlen 139,140,144,149,171,174,177,180, 182, Appendix 8 JOE-1 see ENORMOZ ‘Johnson, Alexander’ see Kremer, Semyon Joliet-Curie, Professor Frederic 24 JSSL (Joint Services School of Languages), Beaconsfield 142 Kaftanov, Sergei xiv, 22, 23 Kahle, Hans 21 Kaiser Wilhelm Institute 9 KALLISTRAT (Aleksander Feklisov) 29 KCL (Kings College, London) 10, 23, 24, 32, 33, Appendix 1 Kellex Corporation xiv, 10, 15, 193, 197, Appendix 1 Kennedy, President John F. 115 ‘Kessler, Frank’ see Gold, Harry KGB xii, xv, xvi, 3, 6, 36, 44, 51, 56, 84, 88, 95,103,110,121,189,190, 202, 203, 207 Creation of xxx, 2, 3 and George Blake 83, 85, 86, 89, 92, 187 and Berlin Tunnel 64, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 90, 93 and Portland Spies 96, 97, 98, 101, 188 and Penkovsky 115, 116, 117, Plate 5 and Brooke 120, 206 and BRIXMIS 129,161,184 ‘Kholl Teodor’ see Ted Hall Khrushchev, Nikita 74, 84,115, 203, 205 KI 2,3 KILLJOY (Peter Kroger/Morris Cohen) xv, 100 Kim Il-Sung 54, 55 Kings College, London see KCL KIZH (Gordon Lonsdale) xv, xvi, 95 Klehr, Harvey 191, 19 Kondrashev, Sergei Aleksandrovich xxx, 59, 60, 63, 79 Konstantinev, Yurii xiv, 120 Korean War xxx, 46, 50, 55, 56, 58, 59, 89, 90,119,133, 204 ‘Korovin’ Rodin, Nikolai Koval, George xiv, 16,18,19, 20, 30, Appendices 2 3 Returns to New York 19 City College, New York 19 Oak Ridge 19 Dayton 20 Returns to New York 44 Disappears in Europe 44 Later life in Soviet Union and death 191, 192 KPD (Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands)
xxii, 7, 21, 29 Kremer, Semyon Davidovitch 21 Becomes Fuchs’ handler 21, 22 Returns to Soviet Union 22 Kroger, Helen see Cohen, Lona Kroger, Peter see Cohen, Morris Kuczyński, Jürgen 21, 22,198 Kuczyński, Ursula xiv, 25, 30, Appendices 2 З SONYA xv, 22, 25, 28, 29, 45,192, Appendix 3 Handler for Norwood 28 Handler for Fuchs 22, 29, 198 Escaped to the DDR 45, 192 Kurchatov, Igor xv, 23, 30, 31, 48 Kuzmich, Grigori 56 Kvasnikov, Leonid xv, 13, 19, Appendix 3 KYLE (Soviet S-9 anti-radiation missile) 145 LABS (Low Altitude Bombing System) 152,153 Lamphere, Robert 35, 41, 42 LAMBDA 1 see Blake, George LAMBDA 2 see Houghton, Harry Land Rover, Safari 156, 157 LAST ACT (MI5 surveillance op on Gordon Lonsdale) xv, xvi, 98 LAVINIA see Goleniewski, Lt. Col. Michael Learmont, Brigadier John (BRIXMIS) 156 Leica cameras 160 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich xxxiv, 1, 4, 56, 114, 191,194 LESLIE (LESLEY) (Lona Cohen) xii, xv, 44,100, Appendix 3
Index (John Cairncross) xii, 12, Appendix 3 LITTLE BOY (Hiroshima atomic bomb) see Manhattan Project LIBERAL (Julius Rosenberg) xvii, 14, 42, 43, Appendix 3 Live double see Dead double London Block (BRIXMIS) 137, 138,184 London Protocol 124,126 LONG TRACK (Soviet P-40 1S12 radar) Plate 21 Lonsdale, Gordon xv, xvi, Appendix 2 Konon Molody xv, xvi, xviii, 94 Young Molody to US and back to Soviet Union 95, 204 Molody arrives in Canada xxx, 95 Molody becomes Lonsdale xxx, 95 Lonsdale arrives in UK xxx, 95 Supported by Krogers 44,100 Takes over as Houghton’s handler xxxi Spotted by MI5 with Houghton/Gee 98 Investigation 98, 99,100,102, 103 Arrested with Houghton and Gee xxxi, 103,104,105,106,107 Trial and conviction xxxi, 91, 107,108, 206 Exchange for Wynne xxxii, 92,121, 188 Life and death back in the Soviet Union 123,188,189,191, 207 Los Alamos see Manhattan Project LSK (Luftstreitkräfte der Nationalen Volksarmee, East German Air Forces of the National People’s Army) 151,173,182 LUIS (Morris Cohen/Peter Kroger) xii, xv, 100 Lunn, Peter 58, 77 LISZT Maclean, Donald xv, 8,12, 30, 45, 50, 53, Appendices 2 3 Investigation 46 Implicated by VENONA 46, 60 Escape plan with Burgess 46 Tip off from Philby 47 Defection and scandal xxx, 46, 48, 56, 58, 90,190, 203 Later life in Moscow and death 191 Macmillan, Harold 47, 90 245 Main Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army Staff see GRU Maisky, Ivan xv, 5, 21 Malinin, General Mikhail xv, 12, 207 Huebner-Malinin Agreement xxix, 128 Noiret-Malinin Agreement xxix, 128 Robertson-Malinin Agreement xxv, xxix, 126,127, 131, Appendix 4 Manhattan
Engineer District xiv, xxviii, 10,197, Appendix 1 Manhattan Project xiv, xviii, xxiv, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18,19, 20, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 33, 35, 36, 44, 45, 48,100,186,191,192,193, 195,196,198, 199, Appendix 1 3 Einstein-Szilard letter 9 Creation of 10 Kellex Corporation Manhattan Project 10 Dupont Manhattan Project 10 Los Alamos xiii, xiv, xvii, xxviii, 7, 11, 12,15,16,17,18,19,26, 27, 40, 42, 44,197, Appendix 1 З TRiNITYxxiv, 15,24, 27, 31, 48,197, Appendix 1 GADGET 27, 31,197 LITTLE BOY 18, 27 FAT MAN 19, 27, 31, 48 Manningham-Buller, Sir Reginald 90, 91 MAKSIM (Vasily Zarubin) 14 Mao Zedong 50, 54, 55,194 Mariotti, Adjudant-Chef Phillipe xxxiii, 165,194 Marxism see Communism MAUD Committee see Tube Alloys McCarthyism 43, 50 McNutt, Russell xv, 15,17, 30,194, Appendices 2 3 Codename appears in VENONA 45 Identified by Vassiliev 45 Later life and death 193 MECAS xxxi, 86 Mercedes Geländewagen (G-Wagen) 147,158,159,160, Plates 12, 22, 26 27 METER/METR (Joel Barr) xi, 43, Appendix 3
246 Secrets of the Cold War Met Lab (Metallurgical Laboratory, University of Chicago) 10, Appendix 1 Metropolitan-Vickers 10 MfS (Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, Stasi) xxiii, xxvi, 90, 207 and BRIXMIS 139,142,155,157, 161,162,163,167,185,202, 209, 210, Plate 29 MGB xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxiv, xxx, 2, 3, 29, 44, 48, 56, 57 MI5 xxiii, 32, 33, 37, 44, 45, 46, 47,48, 52, 53, 58, 70, 86, 88, 94,190,204,205 and Portland Spy Ring xiv, xv, xvi, 97, 98, 99, 100,102,103,107, 121 MI6 see SIS Miakotnykh, Nikolai Sergeevich 77 Military Liaison Missions (MLMs) xv, xxiii, 75, 89,126,129,130,131,134, 143,145,147,148,149,152,155,159 Minox spy camera 28, 59, 60, 77,105, 112,114,116 MIRON (UB codename for Harry Houghton) xiv, 96 Mission House, Potsdam 128,135,139, 159,161,164,167,168,209, 210, Plate 10 Mission Restricted Sign, MRS (AMLMs) xxiii, 148,164 Mitrokhin, Vasili 28,193 MLAD (Ted Hall) see Hall, Ted MMFL (Mission Militaire Française De Liaison) xvi, xxi, xxiii, xxix, xxxiii, 128,129,141,159,166,170,172, 209, Plate 14 Mariotti killing xxxiii, 165, 194 MoD (British Ministry of Defence) xxiii, 133,136,140,144,149,171,182,185, 202, 208, Appendix 5 Modin, Yuri 46,59,192 Maclean escape plan with Philby Burgess 46 Coaches Cairncross 46 MOLIÈRE (John Cairncross) xii, 12, Appendix 3 Molody, Konon see Gordon Lonsdale Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact 8 MONGOL (2 seat trainer version of MiG21 FISHBED) 143 Monsanto Chemical Company 20, Appendix 1 Montréal xvi, 10,12, 23, Appendix 1 ‘Moscow Rules’ 112 MRS KILLJOY (Helen Kroger/Lona Cohen) xv, 100 MVD xxiii, xxx, 2, З Myagkov, Captain Aleksei 184, 185 NACA
xvi Nagasaki xxviii, 19, 24, 27, 28, 31, 48 Nark (Stasi) xxiv, 155,158,161,162,163 167,168,177,184 NATO xxiv, xxx, xxxiv, xxxv, 86,128, 185,195,207, 208,211, Appendix 8 Creation ofxxix and BRIXMIS 131,132,133,136, 145,149,153,174,175,182,184 Navy Bureau of Ordnance (US) xvii, 14 Needleman, Isidore ‘Gibby’ 15 Nicholson, Major Arthur ‘Nick’, USMLM xxxiii, 147,165,194 Nikon cameras 139, 160 NIL (Nathan Sussman) xvii, 43, Appendix 3 NKGB xxii, xxiv, xxix, 2, 3,14,15,17, 18, 24, 25, 26, 29, 35, 40 NKVD xi, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, xxi, xxii, xxiv, 2, 3, 4, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21, 23,24, 25, 37, 95, 99,100, 204, Appendix 2 Nobel Prize xviii, 8 Noiret, General Roger xvi Noiret-Malinin Agreement xxix, 128 Norwood, Melita ‘Letty’ xvi, 30, 47,199, Appendix 2 Recruited by NKVD/GRU 28 Beurton as handler 28 BNFMRA28 Tube Alloys 28 Later life and exposure 193 NRX reactor 24 NSA (US National Security Agency) 33, 38, 50,193,195 Creation of xii, xxiv, xxx, 50, 200 Berlin Tunnel 76, 90 NRCC (National Research Council of Canada) xxiv, 10, Appendix 1 NRO (US National Reconnaissance Office) 50 NSC (US National Security Council) xxiv, xxix, 50, 206
Index 247 NTS xii, xiv, 118,119 120, 206, Appendix 2 Nunn May, Allan xvi, xxix, 23, 24, 30, 31,198, Appendix 2 Joins Tube Alloys 23 Moved to Canada 23 Return to London 32 Arrest 33 Trial and conviction 33, 45,186 NVA (Nationale Volksarmee, East German armed forces) xxiv, 177,194, 210 Created xxx, 84 and BRIXMIS 132,136,141,149, 155,156,161,162,163,165,169, 171,174, Plate 23 NVG (Night Vision Goggles) 158,161, 166 Oak Ridge (K-25) xiv, xvii, 10,15,19, 24, 25, 26, Appendix 1 3 OBERON see BRIXMIS Official Secrets Act xxiv, xxviii, xxix, 22, 33, 40, 53, 89, 90, 91,107,186 OGPU xxii, 2, З Okhrana 2 Olympic Stadium, Berlin 7, 128, 138, 140,171, 184 OMS (Otdel Mezhdunarodnykh Svyazey) xxiv, 7, 8 Opel Kapitän 138,156,157 Admiral 156, 157 Senator 142,156,157,209, Plate 11, 16, 23, 24, 25 Oppenheimer, J. Robert xvi, 8,11,196 Oranienburg 169 OSRD (Office of Scientific Research and Development) xxiv, 21 OSS (US Office of Strategic Services) xxiv, 36, Appendix 3 OTTO (Klaus Fuchs) xiii, 20, 25 OTP (One Time Pad) xxiv, 34, 99, 102, 105,114, 200 Panfilov, Aleksei xvi, 20, 21, 22 Panyushkin, Alexander 63, 64 Parachute Regiment (British Army) 146 Parker, Lord, of Waddington 91 1S32 radar for SA֊4 GANEF SAM) 170 PAVEL (Lavrentiy Beria) xi, Appendix 3 PB JOINTLY see Berlin Tunnel Peierls, Rudolf xvi, 9,11, 21,198 Frisch-Peierls Memorandum xxviii, 9, 198 Pembroke, Percival/Hunting, aircraft 177,178,179,180,181,182, 212, Appendix 7, Plates 38 40 Penkovsky, Oleg xv, xvii, 91, 93, 94, 108, 114,115,188, 206, Appendix 2, Plate 5 Offers services to West xxxi, 108 First meeting with Wynne xxxi, 109,
110 and GKKNR110, 114 Recruited by SIS xxxi, 110, 111, 113, 203, 205 Under suspicion 115, 116 Final meeting with CIA xxxii Arrested xxxii, 117 Show trial with Wynne conviction xxxii, 117 Execution xxxii, 118, 193, 206 Penney, William 12 Pennsylvania Sugar Company 7, 40 People’s Republic of China xxviii, 50, 54, 55,57 Perrin, Sir Michael 37, 40 Perl, William xvi, 16, 17, 194, 197, Appendices 2 3 PERSHING (US MGM-31 SRBM) 175 PERSIAN (Russell McNutt) xv, 15, 45, Appendix 3 PETROV (Lavrentiy Beria) 12, Appendix 3 Petrov, Vladimir 190 PFEIL (Stasi operation based on Blake’s betrayal) 77 PGU (Pérvoye Glávnoye Upravléniye) xxv, 4 Philby, Kim xvi, 8, 30, 32, 36, 37, 45, 48, 50, 53, 56, 60, 64, 200, 202, Appendices 2 З Protected Maclean 46 Tipped off Burgess Maclean 47 Recalled to London forced to resign 47,57 Implicated in VENONA message 47 PAT HAND (Soviet
248 Secrets of the Cold War Named in US press as ‘Third Man’ 47 Exonerated in Parliament press conference 47 Moved to Beirut 48 Confronted by Elliot 48 Defection xxxii, 47, 48 Life in Moscow and death 190, 191, 192 Photographic Interpretation (PI) xxv, 178, 182 Photographic Reconnaissance (PR) xxv, xxxiii, 89, 136, 177, 178, Appendix 7 Pitovranov, Yevgeny 78, 80 PlutoniumlO, 17, 19, 24, 26, 27, 30, 31, 48, 199, Appendix 1 PNG (Passive Night vision Goggles) jííNVG PNG (Persona Non Grata) xxv, 5,114, 148,169,196 Podolsky, Boris xvi, 18, 20, 25, 30, 4, 201, Appendix 5 QUANTUM (Boris Podolsky) xvi, 20, 45, 201, Appendix 3 Poland xxvi, xxvii, 124,134,148,176, 208 Polonium 19, 20, 27, Appendix 1 Polygon xxv, 150, 175 Pontecorvo, Bruno xvi, 24, 30, 199, 201, Appendix 2 Begins working at Tube alloys 24 Offers services to Soviets 24 Lona Cohen as courier xii, 44 Returns to Harwell 25 Investigation 45 Defection xxx, 45,190 Life in Soviet Union and death 190, 191 Popov, Lt. Col. Pyotr Semyonovich xvii Offers services to West xxx, 85 Betrayed by Blake 85, 93 Arrested xxxi Executed xxxi, 193, 206 Portland Spy Ring xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xxvii, xxxi, 44, 51, 86, 90, 91, 94, 96, 97, 103,108,120,121,187,188,189, 202 Potsdam 121, 128, 135, 139, 159, 162, 164,166,167,168,169,184,189, Appendix 4 Potsdam Conference xxxiv, 124, 126 Powers, Francis Gary xvii, 95 U-2 shootdown xxxi Exchange for Abel xi, xii, xxxi, 95, 121,188, Appendix 2 PRA (Permanent Restricted Area MLMs) xxv, 134,147,148,161,167, 177, 209, Plate 17 31 Praktica cameras 160, 205 Project Y 11 QKDROOP (CIA operation with NTS) 119
QUANTUM see Podolsky, Boris RAF (British Royal Air Force) xxv, 172 BAFO (British Air Forces of Occupation) Appendix 8 RAFG (Royal Air Force Germany) xxv, xxxiii, 139,145,176,177,180, 182, Appendix 8 and BRIXMIS 132,134,135,136, 137,141,146,149,157,171,209 and HALLMARK 177,178,180,181 60 Squadron 177, 178,180,182, 211, Appendix 8 Randle, Michael 92, 203 Range Rover 155,156 ‘Raymond’ see Gold, Harry RCMP (Royal Canadian Mounted Police) xiv, xxv, 32, 121 Reeves Instrument Corporation xvii, 14 REGAL (Berlin Tunnel intelligence product) 74, 75, 76, 83, 89 Reggie (BRIXMIS) xxv, 151 Registration Department see RU REME (Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, British Army) xxv, 135, 138, 158, 209, Appendix 5 REST (Klaus Fuchs) xiii, 25, 36, 37, Appendix 3 REVERBERATE (MI5 surveillance of Houghton/Gee) 98 Reunification, German xxxiii, 182, 185 Rhee, Syngman 55 Rhein-Main Air Force Base (US, West Germany) 182 ROK (Republic of Korea, South Korea) 54, 55 Robertson Bart, Lt. Gen. Sir Brian xvi, 126, 207 Robertson-Malinin Agreement (RMA) xxv, xxix, 126, 127,128, 131, 134,146, 148, Appendix 4
Index (Berlin Infantry Brigade alert) 134 Rodin, Nikolai Borisovich 57, 58, 76, 77 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano 8, 9,10,11, 36, 124 Rosenberg, Ethel xvi, 16, 50, Appendix 2 Revealed in VENONA 43 Implicated by Gold Greenglass 43 Arrested xxx, 43 Trial with Julius and Morton Sobell 4 Conviction and death sentence 43 Execution xxx, 44,193 Rosenberg, Julius xvii, 18, 30, 43, 50, 191, Appendices 2 3 Recruited by Golos 13 Army Signal Corps/Fort Monmouth 14 Semyonov as handler 14 Bell Laboratories 15 Recruits McNutt 15 Recruits Seborer 15, 44 Recruits Greenglass 16 Assigns Greenglass to Gold 17 Revealed in VENONA 42, 43 Liked with Barr and Sussman 43 Implicated by Gold Greenglass 43 Arrested xxx, 43 Trial with Ethel and Morton Sobell 43 Conviction and death sentence 43 Execution xxx, 44,193 Rosenberg Ring xviii, 13,14,19, 25, 100,107,187, 194 Royal Air Force see RAF Royal Corps of Signals (British Army) 139 Royal Corps of Transport (RCT, British Army) xxv, 137,139,146, Appendix 5 Royal Engineers (British Army) 65, 69, 137, Appendix 5 Royal Marines (British) xix, xx, xxiii, xxv, xxvi, 134, Appendix 5 Royal Military Police (RMP, British Army) xxv, 168 Royal Navy (British) xx, 52, 53, 96, 134, Appendix 5 6 RU (Razvedupravlenie, Razvedupr) 4 Rudow 61, 62, 65, 68, 69, 81, 85, Plate 4, see Berlin Tunnel ROCKING HORSE 249 Saar, Squadron Leader Rod 138,152, 153, 154,164,165, Appendix 5 Santa Fe 11, 27, 42 Sarant, Alfred xvii, 15, 16,17,191,194, 197, Appendices 2 5 SAS (Special Air Service, British Army) xxvi, 146, Appendix 5 Sax, Saville xvii, 18, 19, 30, 193, Appendices 2 3 Implicated by
VENONA 44 Schönefeld Airport 61, 66, 68, 80,169 Schönefelder Chausee 61, 62, 68, 69, 72, 79, 80, see Berlin Tunnel SCOREBOARD (Soviet NRS-12 radar) 152 SCOUT (Joel Barr) xi, Appendix 3 SCUD (Soviet SS-l/R-17 missile) 175 Search, Bill and Ruth 99,101,102, 204 Seborer, Oscar xvii, 15,16,17,18, 30, 44, 194,197, Appendices 2 3 Recruited by Rosenberg 15 Investigation 44 Defection xxx, 44,191 SED (Special Engineering Detachment) xviii, xxvi, 15, 16,192 Semichastny, Vladimir 189 Semyonov, Semyon Markovich 14, 20, 25, 26,100,199 Seoul xxix, 54, 55 SERB (Soviet External Relations Bureau) xxvi, 129, 130,131,148, 156, 159,167,169,184, Appendix 5, Plate 10 Serov, Ivan Aleksandrovich 64, 76, 77, 90 Shergold, Harry 87, 88, 203 SIGINT (Signals Intelligence) xxvi, 58, 59, 60, 85, 89,131,152,168,174 SILVER (Vienna tunnel operation) xxix, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 69, 70, 76, 77 SIS (British Secret Intelligence Service xi, xiii, xiv, xvi, xviii, xxiii, xxvi, xxviii, xxix, xxx, xxxi, 58, 87, 88, 91, 203, Appendix 3 Blake as SIS officer 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 63, 78, 85, 86, 87, 89, 91, 92,187 and Berlin Tunnel 63, 64, 70, 72, 83, 90 Philby as SIS officer 47, 48, 56
250 Secrets of the Cold War and Penkovsky/Wynne 109,110, 111, 112,113,114,117,120,121, 211, Plate 5 and BRIXMIS 140,184 Site W see Kellex Site X see Dupont/Hanford Skardon, William ‘Jim’ 37, 46 Sklyarov, Ivan 5, 21 SMLM xv, xxvi, xxix, 128, 129 SNIPER see Goleniewski, Lt. Col. Michael Sobell, Morton xvii, 16,17,194,197, Appendix 2 Linked to Rosenbergs 43 Trial with Rosenbergs 43 Conviction and sentence 43 SONNY (Kim Philby) xvi SONYA see Kuczyński, Ursula SOUND (Jacob Golos) xiii, 13, Appendix 3 South Korea see ROK Soviet Government Purchasing Commission (Sovetskaya Pravitel’stvennaya Zakupochnaya Komissiya) 8 Soviet Union xxviii, xxix, xxxv, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12,14,19, 20, 21, 22, 31, 32, 33, 36, 47, 49, 51, 54, 56, 74, 76, 84, 90, 91, 93, 95,109, 111, 112,115,118,119, 121,124,132,175,185,187,188,189, 190, 191, 192, 193,195, Appendix 4 SOXMIS xxvi, xxix, 128,129,134,147, 148,161,164, 210 Spandau (BRIXMIS) 135,136,137, Appendix 5 Spandau Prison, Berlin 137, 210 Special Branch 32, 37, 40, 98,103, 104, 107, 204, 205 Special Section (BRIXMIS) 135,137, 142, 159, 160, 168, Appendix 5 Sperry Gyroscope xi SPIDER (SS-23/OTR-23 OKA SRBM) 175, Plate 36 Spy swaps/exchanges 94, 95, 120, 121, 188, 189, 206, Appendix 2 Abel/Powers xi, xii, xvii, xxxi, 95, 121, 188 Cohens/Brooke xii, xv, xxxii, xxxiii, 120, 123 Molody/Wynne xviii, xv, xxxii, 107, 121 SSA (Signals Security Agency) xxvi, 34, 200 Stalin, Joseph 1, 4, 5, 8,13,21,23, 31, 33, 48, 49, 50, 51, 55, 84, 94,118,119, 124,194,196 Death of xxx, 57, 74 STANLEY (Kim Philby) xvi, 47, Appendix 3 STAR (Saville Sax) xvii, 44, Appendix 3 Staros,
Phillip Georgievich see Sarant, Alfred Stasi see MfS State Defence Committee see GKO STOPWATCH see Berlin Tunnel SUGAR (Vienna tunnel operation) 59 Sussman, Nathan xvii, 16,17, 43,194, 197, Appendices 2 3 Szilard, Leo xvii, 9,196 Einstein-Szilard Letter xxviii, 9 TAMARISK (BRIXMIS) 136 TARRY (Greville Wynne) xviii, 111 TASS News Agency 8 Tegel Airport 169, 176,177 Tehran Conference 33 Tempelhof Airport 66, 67, 74, 169, 176, 177, 210 TINA (Melita Norwood) xvi, 28, 47 Tishkov, Arseny Vasilievich 64 Titov, Yurii 120 TOMAHAWK (BRIXMIS) 136 TONY (Anthony Blunt) xii TRA (Temporary Restricted Area MLMs) xxvii, 132,147,148,167,171, 177 Trabant car 157, 158,167, 196 Tradecraft xxxv, 14, 17, 18, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 36, 51, 57, 94, 95, 97,109,112, 119,142,197 TRELLIS (Harry Houghton) xiv, 98 TRINITY Test see Manhattan Project Truman, President Harry 31, 35, 49, 50 Tube Alloys, Directorate of xviii, xxiv, xxvii, xxviii, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 33, 37, 45, 46,193, Appendix 1 Frisch-Peierls Memorandum 9 MAUD Committee xviii, xx, xxiii, xxviii, 9,10,11,12, 21, 22, 46,197, Appendix 1
Index Creation of 9 Tube Alloys to Canada 10,11 Tube Alloys joins Manhattan Project 11 BNFMRA xvi, xix, 28 TUK (Nathan Sussman) xvii, Appendix 3 U-2 spy plane xvii, xxxi, 84, 95,121, 171, 180,188 UB (Urząd Bezpieczeństwa) xiv, xxvi, xxvii, 86, 98 UDE (Underwater Detection Establishment, Portland) xxvii, 96, 97, 98,103,106, 204 Ulbricht, Walter 7, 84,196 United Nations 55 UMNITSA (Elizabeth Bentley) xi, Appendix 3 Upper Cheyne Row, Chelsea 111, Plate 5 Uranium xxviii, 9,10,11,15,18, 19, 20, 21, 22,23,24,27, 74, 84,191,196, 198,199, Appendix 1 USAF (United States Air Force) 155 USMLM xiv, xxvii, xxix, 89,128, 129, 141,144,145,146,150,156,158, 165, 166,168,182,209, Plate 15 Nicholson killing xxxiii, 147,165, 194 USSSC (US Service Shipping Corporation) xi, 7 Vassall, John 51, 201 Vassiliev, Alexander 20, 45,193, Appendix 3 Vcheka see Cheka VENONA 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50, 60, 69,100,193, 195, Appendix 3 Meredith Gardner 34, 35, 44, 45, 46, 47 GCHQJUK Government Communications Headquarters) 35 Gene Grabeel 34, 200 Lt. Richard Hallock 34 Robert Lamphere 35 VICTOR (Lt Gen Pavel Fitin) Appendix 3 Vienna xxv, xxix, 44, 58, 59, 60, 61, 65, 76, 77, 201, 202 Vinten camera 180 Volkspolizei (Vopos) xxvii, 61, 66, 68, 84, 155, 161, 162 251 VOLUNTEER (Cohens Krogers) xii, xv, 44, 100 VOLUNTEER network 44, 45 ‘Vries, Max de’ see Blake, George Warsaw 86, 96, 97, 98, 123 Warsaw Pact xxxiv, xxxv, 84, 85, 87, 128,133,141,171,176,177,185,195, 211 Creation of xxx, 207, 211 Wartburg car 161, Plate 29 WASP (Ruth Greenglass) xiv, 42, Appendix 3 Weisband, William 36, 60,
200, Appendix 3 WESPENNNEST (Stasi op based on Blake’s betrayal) 77 West Germany see Federal Republic of Germany Western Group of Forces (WGF, formerly GSFG) xxvii, 185 White, Dick 48, 87,111,203 Wiesbaden Air Force Base (US, West Germany) 88, 182 Wildenrath, RAF, West Germany xxxiii, 177,180,182, Appendix 8 Wilson, Harold 120 Williams, Major General Peter 162, 208, Appendix 5, Plate 8 Williamson air cameras 178, 210 World Tourists xiii, 13 WRAC (Women’s Royal Army Corps, British Army) xxvii, 138, Appendix 5 Wynne, Greville xv, xvi, xviii, 51, 93, 94, 111, 116,120, 206, Appendix 2, Plate 5 Recruited by SIS xxxi, 109, 211 First meeting with Penkovsky xxxi, 110, 205 and GKKNR 110,112, 206 Abducted in Budapest xxxii, 117 Show trial with Penkovsky conviction xxxii, 117, 118, 121 Exchange for Lonsdale/Molody xv, xvi, xxxii, 121,188 Later life 189 ‘Yakovlev, Anatoly’ see Yatskov, Anatoly Yalta Conference 124 Yatskov, Anatoly 17,18,19, 26, 40, 42, 199
252 Secrets of the Cold War Zhukov, Marshall Georgy 85 ZINGER (David Greenglass) xiv ‘Zubilin’ see Zarubin ZVUK (Jacob Golos) xiii, 13, Appendix 3 YOUNGSTER (Ted Hall) xiv, 44, Appendix 3 Zabotin, Colonel Nikolai 24 Zarubin, Vasily Mikhailovich 14 ZHORA (William Weisband) 36, Appendix 3 Bayerisch« Wunchsn
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Contents Foreword by Major General Sir Robert Corbett, KCVO, CB Preface Dramatis Personae Glossary ofAbbreviations Chronology Introduction vii ix xi xix xxviii xxxiv Chapter 1 Stalin’s Atomic Spies The Soviet Intelligence Services Stalin’s Global Outreach Tube Alloys and the Manhattan Project The Soviets Take an Interest The American Networks and the Rosenberg Ring The Other American Spies Enter the British Soviet Project Begins FIRST LIGHTNING House of Cards VENONA A Soviet Triumph 1 2 5 8 12 13 18 20 22 30 31 33 48 Chapter 2 The Spy and the Tunnel 51 Chapter 3 Tradecraft The Portland Spy Ring The Penkovsky Story The Cautionary Tale of Gerald Brooke Swap Shop 94 94 108 118 120 Chapter 4 Behind Enemy Lines Robertson-Malinin Agreement The Missions Establishment 124 126 128 134
vi Secrets of the Cold War Customers Touring Intelligence and Scoops Blurring the Lines Post-Wall Conclusion Notes Appendices Acknowledgments Selected Bibliography Index 139 140 174 176 185 186 196 213 233 234 237
Index Abel, Rudolf xvi, 95,100,189, 204, Appendix 2 Willie Fisher xi, xii, xvii, 100 Ran VOLUNTEER network 44 Exchange for Powers xxx, 92,121,188 ACOUSTINT (Acoustic Intelligence) xviii, 161, 176 ACC (Allied Control Council) xviii, 124 Adams, Arthur 15 AERE (Atomic Energy Research Establishment) xix, xxix, 25, 29, 36 AEROSOL (CIA operation with NTS) 119 Albuquerque 17, 19, 64, 65, 222 ALEK (Allan Nunn May) xvi, 23, 24 ALFA, Checkpoint 168 Alien Registration Act (US, 1940, Smith Act) 50 Altglienicke 61, 62, 68, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 89, Plate 4 {see Berlin Tunnel) AMLM (Allied Military Liaison Missions) xv, xix, 129,134,145, 147, 148,149,152,155,161,166,168,172, 173,177,178,184, 194,195, 208, 209, Plates 9,17,18 30 AMTORG Trading Corporation 8, Appendix 3 Andover C.l (PR), Avro/Hawker Siddeley, aircraft 177, 182 Andrew, Christopher 192,193 Angelov, Pavel 24 ANT (Kristel Fuchs) 26, 37 ANTENNA (Julius Rosenberg) xvii, 14, 43, Appendix 3 ANTON (Leonid Kvasnikov) 13, Appendix 3 Argonne Laboratories, Chicago 24, Appendix 1 Arlington Hall 35, 60 Army Signals Corps (US) 14, 67, 69 ARNO (Harry Gold) xiii, 25, 40, Appendix 3 ASA (US Army Security Agency) xix, xxvi, 33, 35, 36, 43, 60, 200 AScW (Association of Scientific Workers) xix, 23 ASTP (US Army Specialized Training Program) xix, 19 ASYA (Ethel Gee) xiii, 97 Athenstedt (DDR) 156,162 Kabina 66/5N87 radar) Plate 21 Barr, Joel x, 15,16,17, 43,191,194,197, 204, Appendices 2 3 BAOR (British Army of the Rhine) 128, 139,182 BASC (Berlin Air Safety Centre) xviii, 169, 210 BCZ (Berlin Control Zone) xix, 62,130, 169,170,171,172,
176, 177,180,181, 210, Plate 17 Bell Laboratories xi, xvii, xviii, 14,15, 16 Behar, George see Blake, George Bekhter, Gyorgi see Blake, George Bentley, Elizabeth xi, 7, 8, 33, 41, 42, 43, 200, Appendices 2 3 Berg, Joseph Barr, Joel Beria, Lavrentiy xi, 12, 13, 22, 23, 25, 64, 205, Appendix 3 Berlin Airlift xxix, 53, 66,119,176 Berlin Infantry Brigade xix, 134, 140, 171 Berlin Tunnel 61, 65, 89, 195, Plate 4 Intelligence blackout 60, 62 Operation SILVER xxix, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 69, 70, 76, 77 PB JOINTLY (Berlin Tunnel - CIA) 61, 80, 89 BACK TRAP (Soviet
238 Secrets of the Cold War SIS) 61, Rejected offer of exfiltration 48 80, 89 Identified as ‘Fourth Man’ 48 GOLD (Berlin Tunnel) 61, 76, 79, 80, Public exposure xxxiii, 48 84, 89 BNFMRA (British Non-Ferrous Metals Betrayed by Blake xxx, 63, 79, 89 Research Association) xvi, xix, 28 Operation GOLD xxx, 61, 76, 79, 80, Bohr, Niels xi, 11,196,197 84, 89 Bond, James xxxii, xxxiii, 109, 112, 123, Digging begins xxx, 67 188,206 First tap made xxx, 70, 71, 72 Bort aircraft number 144, 152,168 Tunnel discovered xxx, 78, 79, 80, 81, Bourke, Sean 92,191 82, 203 Bradley, General Omar 35 Berlin Wall 85,16,165 Brandenburg Gate, Berlin 171, Plate 35 Building of xxxi, 133, 171, Appendix 6 Bravo, Checkpoint ix, 92, 166 Collapse of xxxiii, xxxv, 163, 174, 182, Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyich 187 185 BRD see Federal Republic of Germany Beurton, Ursula see Kuczyński, Ursula Bridge of Spies see Glienicke Bridge Bialek, Robert 93 British Army 132,134,135,136,137, Black Banana see ACOUSTINT 141,146,149, Blake, George xi, xvi, xxviii, 52, 87, 93, BRIXMIS xvii, xxix, 77, Plates 6, 8,10, 186, 203, Appendix 2 11 13 Early life 52 Creation xxxiii, 126, 128 Behar becomes Blake 53 Role 131,132,133,134 Joins SIS 53 Structure 134, 135, 136, Appendix 5 Posted to Seoul, Korea xxix, 54 Geography 132,134,147, Plates 17, 18 Capture in Korea xxx, 55, 56 31 Offers services to MGB xxx, 56, 204 Customers 139, 140, 149 Returns to UK xxx, 57, 58 OBERON (BRIXMIS Chipmunk recce Betrays Berlin Tunnel xxx, 63, 79, 89 flights over Berlin) 136,140,171, 210, Appendix 6, Plate 34 Posted to West Berlin xxx, 76, 85, 93 and BRIXMIS
184 Personnel 145,146,147,209, Posted to MECAS, Lebanon xxxi, 85, Appendix 5 86 Touring 149, 150, 159,164, 165,166, 167,173, 208, Plates 19, 20, 21, 36 Implicated by SNIPER 86 LAMBDA 1 (MI5 codename for 37 Vehicles 155,156,157,158, Plates 12, George Blake) xi, 86, 87, 97 16, 22,24, 25,26 27 Investigation 87, 88,107 Scoops 174, Plate 9 Recalled to London xxxi, 88 Interrogation 88, 89 FIREBAR 182, 183 Confession and arrest xxxi, 89 Disbanded xxxiii, 185 Trial and conviction xxxi, 90, 91, 92, Broda, Engelbert 23, 30,186, 198 Brooke, Gerald xii, xvi, 94, 118, 119, 120, 201 Appendix 2 Escape xxxii, 92 and NTS 118,206 Defection xxxii, 92 Arrives in Moscow xxxii, 120 Life in Moscow as Gyorgi Bekhter, Arrest xxxii, 120 and death 187, 190, 191, 192 Show trial and conviction xxxii, 120 Blake, Gillian 86, 88, 89 Exchanged for Cohens/Krogers xxxiii, BLITZ (Stasi operation based on Blake’s betrayal) 77 122,123,189,219 Blunt, Anthony xii, 8, 46, 53, Appendix 2 Brothman, Abraham 40, 41, 42, Clears Burgess’ flat 46 Appendix 2 STOPWATCH (Berlin Tunnel -
Index BRUSA (UKUSA) Agreement 182 Bückeburg, RAF, West Germany 176, 177, Appendix 8 Bulganin, Nikolai 64, 76 BUMBLEBEE (David Greenglass) xiii, 16, 42, 198, Appendix 3 Bundesrepublik Deutschland see Federal Republic of Germany Burgess, Guy xi, 8, 53, Appendices 2 3 Recalled to UK 46 Escape plan for Maclean 46 Tip-off from Philby 47 Defection and scandal xxx, 46, 47, 48, 56, 58, 90,190, 203 Later life in Moscow and death 191 Bush, Vannevar xii, 9 Cairncross, John xii, 8,12, 22, 30, 48, 53, Appendices 2 3 Identified by document from Burgess’ flat 46 Investigated by Skardon 46 Coached by Modin 46,192 Resigned from Civil Service and moved to USA 46, 47 Confessed to MI5 but not prosecuted 47,192 CALIBRE (David Greenglass) xiv 16, 27, 42,191,198, Appendix 3 CALLISTRATUS (Aleksander Feklisov) 29 Caltech (California Institute of Technology) 10, Appendix 1, Cambridge Spies 8, 12, 22, 23, 46, 48, 53,60 Capitalism 1, 51 Carew Hunt, R. N. 54 Carré, John le xxxi, xxxii, xxxiii, 94, 112, 199, 201, 203 Cavendish Laboratory 9,10, 23,193, Appendix 1 Chadwick, James xii, 8,12, 23, 196,197 Chalk River xvi, 10, 12, 24, 45, Appendix 1 CHARLES (Klaus Fuchs) xiii, 27, 28, 36, 37, Appendix 3 Charlie, Checkpoint ix, Plate 1 Cheka xx, xxii, 2, 3 Chichayev, Ivan 5 ‘Chickenfeed’ 78, 111, 205 239 Chipmunk, de Havilland, aircraft 135, 136,140,141,169,171,172,173,177, 210, 212, Appendix 6, Plates 34, 35 39 Churchill, Winston xxix, xxxiv, 8, 9,11, 21,124 CIA xiii, xvi, xvii, 35, 59, 85, 88,119, 185,192,203 Creation of xxix, 50, 206 Berlin Operating Base (BOB) 73, 74, 78, 83, 87 Berlin Tunnel 61, 62, 64,
65, 66, 73, 76, 78, 79 81, 83, 89, 90 and Penkovsky 109, 110, 111, 112, 113,114,115,116,117 and NTS 119 City College New York xviii, 14,15,16, 18,19 CCNY Julius Rosenberg 14 CCNY George Koval 19 Clayallee 74,168 CLEVER GIRL (Elizabeth Bentley) xi, Appendix 3 CLYDE (Unknown) 20, Appendix 2 Cockcroft, John xii, 29,197 Cohen, Lona xii, xv, 30, Appendices 2 3 Recruited by NKVD 100 Courier for Hall 19, 44 Courier for Pontecorvo 24, 44 Emergency contact for Gold, Greenglass and Fuchs 27, 44 Ran VOLUNTEER network with Morris 44 Exfiltrated to Mexico xxix, 44, 100 Arrives in UK as Helen Kroger xxx, 44, 100 Supported Lonsdale Portland Spy Ring 44,100 Lonsdale followed to Kroger’s house 99 Investigation 99,102, 103, 204 SNIPER defection 103 Arrested xxxi, 104, 105 Helen Kroger identified as Lona Cohen 107 Trial and conviction xxxi, 107,108, 206 Exchanged for Brooke xxxiii, 92,121, 122,123 Later life in Soviet Union and death 123,189,191,193, 207, 211
240 Secrets of the Cold War Cohen, Morris xi, xiv, 19, Appendices 2 3 Recruited by NKVD 100 Semyonov as handler 100 Ran VOLUNTEER network with Lona 44 Exfiltrated to Mexico xxix, 44,100 Arrived in UK as Peter Kroger xxx, 44, 100 Supported Lonsdale Portland Spy Ring 44,100 Lonsdale followed to Kroger’s house 99 Investigation 99, 102, 103, 204 SNIPER defection 103 Arrested xxxi, 104,105 Peter Kroger identified as Morris Cohen 107 Trial and conviction xxxi, 107,108, 206 Exchanged for Brooke xxxiii, 92, 121, 122,123 Later life in Soviet Union and death 123,189,191,193, 207 Columbia University 10, 25, Appendix 1 Comecon 78 Comintern xix, xx, xxiv, xxxiv, 1, 4, 6, 7, 13, 23,196, Appendix 3 Communism xxxv, 1, 8, 18,20, 23, 50, 51,52,53, 54,56, 82,195 Engels, Friedrich 54 Marx, Karl 54, 56 Marxism xxxiv, 1, 5, 54 CONFLICT (GPO phone tapping op in Vienna) 59 Control Commission Germany (British Element) 126, Appendix 4 Corridors, Air 176, 177, 180,181, 182, Appendix 7, Plate 17 Counterintelligence 5, 42, 76, 86, 87, 94, 103,121,195 CPGB (Communist Party of Great Britain) xx, 7, 23, 29 CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union) 123 CPUSA (Communist Part of the United States of America) xiii, xx, 7, 13, 14, 15, 36, 50, Appendix 2 Cranley Drive, Ruislip 99, 100, 101, 102 Cuban Missile crisis xxxii, 115, 117, 133, 171 Czechoslovakia, 1968 Soviet invasion of xxxiii, 148,176 DACHNIKI (Cohens/Krogers) xii, xiv, 100 Davin Modulux 130 ‘Starlight’ Image Intensifier 160, 166, Plate 28 Dayton xiv, 20 DDR see German Democratic Republic Dead double xx, xxx, 95,105,123,189 Dead drop xxxii, 6, 86,
98,100,108,109, 112,113,114,115,116,134,196 DELMAR (George Koval) xiv, 19, 44, Appendix 3 DIA (US Defence Intelligence Agency) 50 DIOMID (George Blake) xi, 57, 59, 64, 83, 92 Deutsche Demokratische Republik see German Democratic Republic Diplomatic cover/immunity/bag/pouch xxii, xxiii, xxv, 5,18, 22, 54, 55, 59, 110,114,126,131,160,198, 205, Appendix 3 4 DIS (Defence Intelligence Staff, British) xx, 140 DNI (Director of National Intelligence) 5 Dollis Hill see GPO Douglas-Home, Alec 184 Dozhdalev, Vasili xi, 56, 77, 97, 107, 202, 204 DPRK (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, North Korea) 54, 55, 56, 58, 204 Dupont 10, 24, 197, Appendix 1 DUST COVER (MI5 surveillance op on Krogers) 99 Dzerzhinsky, Feliks 2, 4 EAC (European Advisory Commission) 124 East German workers’ uprising, 1953 73, 133,210 Einstein, Albert xii, xxviii, 9, 196 Einstein-Szilard Letter xxviii, 9 Eisenhower, President Dwight D. 44, 69 Eitner, Horst 87, 88 Eldorado Mine 10, Appendix 1
Index Electric Light, Project (BRIXMIS) 135, 137,138,142 ELINT xxi, 69,153,168 Elliot, Nicholas 48 ENORMOZ 12,13, 22, 23, ЗО, 194, Appendix З FIRST LIGHTNING 31 RDS-l/JOE-1 20, 31, 48 ERIC (Engelbert Broda) 23 Exacta camera 105,106,114, 205 FANSONG (SNR-75 radar for SA-2 GUIDELINE SAM) 154 FARRADAY (Unknown) 19, Appendix 2 FAT MAN (Nagasaki atomic bomb) see Manhattan Project FBI (Federal Bureau of Intelligence) 14, 33, 35, 37, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 88, 95,107,121,193, Appendix 3, Plate 2 FCD (First Chief Directorate) see PGU Federal Republic of Germany (West) 169,171,176,180,181 Creation of xxix Joins NATO xxx and BRIXMIS 134,148,149,175, 184,208 Feklisov, Aleksandr Semyonovich 29, 30, 36, 96, 204 Fermi, Enrico xii, 24,196,199, Appendix 1 FEUERWERK (Stasi operation based on Blake’s betrayal) 77 FF (Ferguson Formula) Developments Ltd 157 FIREBAR (Yak-28) 182, 183 Fisher, Willie see Abel, Rudolf FISHBED (Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21) 143,145, 208 Fitin, Pavel xiii, 12,13,14, Appendix 3 FITTER (Sukhoi Su-17) 143,144,145, 152,153, 208 FMLM^MMFL FOGEL (Russell McNutt) xv, 15, 45, Appendix 3 Ford Custom 158 Galaxy 158 Bronco 158, 209 Foreign department (KGB) INO Fort Monmouth xi, xvii, xviii, 14,15, 16 241 Frankfurt, West Germany 78, 79,129,177 FRG see Federal Republic of Germany Frisch, Otto xiii, xxviii, 9, 11,196 Frisch-Peierls Memorandum xxviii, 9 FROGFOOT (Sukhoi Su-25) 143,144, 145, 209 FRÜHLING (Stasi operation based on Blake’s betrayal) 77 Fuchs, Klaus xiii, xxviii, 4, 5, 7,12,17, 20, 31,186 192,193,194,197,199, Appendix 2 Flees Germany for the UK 21 Internment as enemy
alien 21 Joins Tube Alloys 21 Offers services to Soviet Union 21 Recruited into GRU 21 Kremer as handler (GRU) 22 Beurton as handler (GRU) 22,198 Manhattan Project 25 Columbia University 25 Semyonov as handler (NKVD/ NKGB) 25, 26, 29,199 Gold as courier 25, 26, 42 Move to Los Alamos 26, 27 Lona Cohen as emergency contact 44 TRINITY 27 Return to UK AERE 28, 29 Feklisov as handler 29, 30, 36, 204 Exposed by VENONA 36, 60,100 Investigated by Skardon 37, 41, 43, 46 Arrest xxix, 37 Trial and conviction xxix, 40, 45, 90, 91,107, 201 Fuchs, Kristel 26, 37, 42 GADFLY (SA-ll/Buk-M19k37 SAM) 175 (US prototype atomic bomb) 27,31 Gardner, Meredith 34, 35, 44, 46 Gaseous diffusion/separation 20, 21, 25, 26, 48, 199, Appendix 1 Gatow, RAF 57, 69, 73, 75,135,169, 171,172,173,176,180,181,184, Appendix 6 GCHQ_(UK Government Communications Headquarters) 35, 50, 91,195 and Portland Spy Ring 99,102,103 and BRIXMIS 140 GADGET,
242 Secrets of the Cold War Gee, Ethel see Houghton, Harry General Electric xvii, 14 German Democratic Republic (GDR/ DDR) 37,45, 84, 90,180,185,186, 187, 192,194,195,196, 202, 207, 209 Creation of xxix and BRIXMIS 128,129,130,131, 131,134,135,136,137,139,140, 141,142,145,146,147,148,149, 150,151,152,161,163,166,167, 168, 173, 176,177, 208, Plates 20, 21, 30 32 Geschwader aircraft number 152 Gibson, Steve (BRIXMIS) 175 GKKNR (Soviet State Committee for Coordination of Scientific Research) xxi, 110, 114, 115,116 GKO (Gosudarstvennyi Komitet Oborony) xiv, xxi, 13, 22 Glassman, Vivian xiii, 16, 17, 194, Appendix 2 Glienicke Bridge xxxi, 121, 139,161,166, 168,185,188, 209, Plates 25, 32 33 GNOME (William Perl) xvi, Appendix 3 GODSEND (Oscar Seborer) xvi, 15, 44, 191, Appendix 3 Gold, Harry xiii, 7,13,17, 30, 37,194, Appendix 2 Recruited by Golos 13, 40 Worked for Brothman 40, 41 Courier to Fuchs 25, 26, 27 Courier to Greenglass 27 Lona Cohen as emergency contact 44 Implicated by Fuchs 40 Implicated by VENONA 41 Linked to Bentley, Brothman, Golos, Fuchs Yakolev 42, 43, 201 Arrest xxix, 42 Implicates Greenglass Rosenbergs 42 Trial and conviction 42,187, Plate 2 GOLD, Operation see Berlin Tunnel Goleniewski, Lt. Col. Michael xii Begins supplying material to West xxxi, 86 SNIPER xiii, 86, 87, 97,107,192 LAVINIA xiii, 86 Defection xxxi, 87, 88,103,192 Golitsyn, Major Anatoli xiii Defection xxxi, 121 Golos, Jacob xiii, 13,14,15,17, 41, 42, Appendices 2 3 CPUSA 13 World Tourists 13 Recruits Gold 13 Recruits Rosenberg 13 GOOSE (GUS) (Harry Gold) xiii, 25, 37, 40, 41 Appendix 3
Gordievsky, Oleg 192 Gorsky, Anatoly xiii, 12 Gouzenko, Igor xiv, xxiv, 32, Appendix 2 Defection 32, 47, 192 GPO (British General Post Office/ Dollis Hill) xxi, 59, 70, 72 GPU xxi, xxii, 2, 3 Grabeel, Gene 34 Grechko, Marshall Andrei Antonovich 74, 78 Greenglass, David xiv, 7,16,17, 18, 30, 194,197,198, Appendix 2 Gold as courier 27, 40, 42 Revealed in VENONA linked to Rosenberg 42, 43 Implicated by Gold 42 Arrest xxix, 42, 43 Implicates Rosenbergs (deal with FBI) 43 Trial and conviction 43, 187, Plates 2 3 Greenglass, Ruth xiv, 17, 194 Revealed in VENONA 42 Arrest 43 Grepos (Grenzpolizei, East German border police) xi, 165, 167 Gross, Lt. Col. Leslie Μ. 64 Groves, Brig. Gen. Leslie R. xiv, 10,11, 26 GRU (Glavnoye Razvedyvatelnoye Upravlenie) xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, xxi, xxii, xxv, xxvi, xxx, 4, 5, 6, 12, 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 32, 34, 44, 45, 84, 93,108,110, 111, 192, 207, Appendices 2 3 and BRIXMIS 129,161 GRUMBLE (SA-10B/S-300PMU air defence system) 175, Plate 37 GSGF (Group of Soviet Forces in Germany) xxi, xxvii, 64, 74, 75, 78, 85,126/129, 130,132,133,141,149,
Index 152,169,171,174,175,177,182,183, Plates 19, 20 30 GUGB xxii, 2, 3, Hall, Theodore ‘Ted’ xii, xiii, xiv, xvii, 4, 30, 31, 44,186,191,194,197,198, 201, Appendix 2 Los Alamos 18 Offers services to Soviets 18 MLAD (Ted Hall) xiv, 18, 44, 45,191, 201, Appendix З Yatskov as handler 18 Sax as courier 18 Lona Cohen as courier 19, 44 Part of VOLUNTEER network 44 Implicated by VENONA 44 Investigated but not prosecuted 45 Later life 193 HALLMARK, Operation (Berlin air corridors PR missions) xxxiii, 177,178, 180,181,182, 211, Appendix 7, Plate 38 Hallock, Lt. Richard 34 Hamburg 53,176 Hanford 10, 24, 31, Appendix 1 Hankey, Sir Maurice xiv, 12 Hanover, West Germany 176 Harvey, Bill 83 Harwell xiii, xvi, xxix, 5,25,29, 36, 37, 40,45 Havel, Lake, Berlin 182, 183 Haynes, John Earl 45,191,193, Appendix 3 Heisenberg, Werner xiv, 9, 196 Heerstraße Checkpoint, Berlin xxxii, 121,188 Helmstedt 92, 168 HERO (Oleg Penkovsky) xvi, 110 HICKS (Guy Burgess) xii, Appendix 3 Hiroshima xxviii, 18, 24, 27, 28, 48 HOLA (Melita Norwood) xvi, 28, 47, Hollis, Roger 48 HOMER (Donald Maclean) xv, 12, 45, 46, Appendix 3 HONEST JOHN (US MGR-1 nuclear capable rocket) 175 Houghton, Harry xiv, 51, 86, Appendix 2 Recruited by UB 96 Job at UDE 96, 204 243 Feklisov as handler 96 Dozhdalev as handler xii, 97, 202 Lonsdale as handler xxxi, 97 Begins relationship with Gee xiii, 97 Implicated by SNIPER (as LAMBDA 2) xiii, 97 LAMBDA 2 (MI5 codename for Harry Houghton) xiv, 86, 97 Investigation 97, 98, 99,100,102, 103 SNIPER defection 103 Arrested with Gee and Lonsdale xxxi, 103,104, 106,107 Trial and conviction with
Gee and Lonsdale xxxi, 107, 108, 187 Huebner, Lieutenant General Clarence R. xiv, 128 Huebner-Malinin Agreement xxiv, 128 HUGHES (Alfred Sarant) Appendix 3 Humber, vehicle manufacturer Box Car 156,157 Snipe 156 Super Snipe 156 HUMINT (Human Intelligence) xxii, 31, 32, 58 Hungary, 1956 Soviet Invasion 133,176 HUNT (Unknown) 47, Appendix 2 Hydrogen bomb 27, 30, 44 Illegal (agent) xi, xii, xv, xvi, xxii, 4, 5, 6, 7,13,15,19,22, 56, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100,110,189, Appendix 3 ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries) 10, Appendix 1 Image Movement Compensation (IMC) 178 Imperial College, London 10, Appendix 1 Implosion 15,19, 26, 27, 48 Inner German Border (IGB) 133, 148, INO (Inostrannyi Otdel) xiii, xxii, 4, 12, 197 Intelligence Corps (British Army) 136, 137, 139, 141, 149, Appendix 5 Intelligence Services Act (UK, 1994) 91 Intelligence (Special Duties) Course, Ashford 135,139,141, Plate 11 Internal Security Act (US, 1950, McCarren Act) 50 International Liaison Department see OMS
244 Secrets of the Cold War JACOB (William Perl) xvi, Appendix 3 Jeep Wagoneer 158 Jello Plate 2 JHQ_(Joint Headquarters) Rheindahlen 139,140,144,149,171,174,177,180, 182, Appendix 8 JOE-1 see ENORMOZ ‘Johnson, Alexander’ see Kremer, Semyon Joliet-Curie, Professor Frederic 24 JSSL (Joint Services School of Languages), Beaconsfield 142 Kaftanov, Sergei xiv, 22, 23 Kahle, Hans 21 Kaiser Wilhelm Institute 9 KALLISTRAT (Aleksander Feklisov) 29 KCL (Kings College, London) 10, 23, 24, 32, 33, Appendix 1 Kellex Corporation xiv, 10, 15, 193, 197, Appendix 1 Kennedy, President John F. 115 ‘Kessler, Frank’ see Gold, Harry KGB xii, xv, xvi, 3, 6, 36, 44, 51, 56, 84, 88, 95,103,110,121,189,190, 202, 203, 207 Creation of xxx, 2, 3 and George Blake 83, 85, 86, 89, 92, 187 and Berlin Tunnel 64, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 90, 93 and Portland Spies 96, 97, 98, 101, 188 and Penkovsky 115, 116, 117, Plate 5 and Brooke 120, 206 and BRIXMIS 129,161,184 ‘Kholl Teodor’ see Ted Hall Khrushchev, Nikita 74, 84,115, 203, 205 KI 2,3 KILLJOY (Peter Kroger/Morris Cohen) xv, 100 Kim Il-Sung 54, 55 Kings College, London see KCL KIZH (Gordon Lonsdale) xv, xvi, 95 Klehr, Harvey 191, 19 Kondrashev, Sergei Aleksandrovich xxx, 59, 60, 63, 79 Konstantinev, Yurii xiv, 120 Korean War xxx, 46, 50, 55, 56, 58, 59, 89, 90,119,133, 204 ‘Korovin’ Rodin, Nikolai Koval, George xiv, 16,18,19, 20, 30, Appendices 2 3 Returns to New York 19 City College, New York 19 Oak Ridge 19 Dayton 20 Returns to New York 44 Disappears in Europe 44 Later life in Soviet Union and death 191, 192 KPD (Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands)
xxii, 7, 21, 29 Kremer, Semyon Davidovitch 21 Becomes Fuchs’ handler 21, 22 Returns to Soviet Union 22 Kroger, Helen see Cohen, Lona Kroger, Peter see Cohen, Morris Kuczyński, Jürgen 21, 22,198 Kuczyński, Ursula xiv, 25, 30, Appendices 2 З SONYA xv, 22, 25, 28, 29, 45,192, Appendix 3 Handler for Norwood 28 Handler for Fuchs 22, 29, 198 Escaped to the DDR 45, 192 Kurchatov, Igor xv, 23, 30, 31, 48 Kuzmich, Grigori 56 Kvasnikov, Leonid xv, 13, 19, Appendix 3 KYLE (Soviet S-9 anti-radiation missile) 145 LABS (Low Altitude Bombing System) 152,153 Lamphere, Robert 35, 41, 42 LAMBDA 1 see Blake, George LAMBDA 2 see Houghton, Harry Land Rover, Safari 156, 157 LAST ACT (MI5 surveillance op on Gordon Lonsdale) xv, xvi, 98 LAVINIA see Goleniewski, Lt. Col. Michael Learmont, Brigadier John (BRIXMIS) 156 Leica cameras 160 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich xxxiv, 1, 4, 56, 114, 191,194 LESLIE (LESLEY) (Lona Cohen) xii, xv, 44,100, Appendix 3
Index (John Cairncross) xii, 12, Appendix 3 LITTLE BOY (Hiroshima atomic bomb) see Manhattan Project LIBERAL (Julius Rosenberg) xvii, 14, 42, 43, Appendix 3 Live double see Dead double London Block (BRIXMIS) 137, 138,184 London Protocol 124,126 LONG TRACK (Soviet P-40 1S12 radar) Plate 21 Lonsdale, Gordon xv, xvi, Appendix 2 Konon Molody xv, xvi, xviii, 94 Young Molody to US and back to Soviet Union 95, 204 Molody arrives in Canada xxx, 95 Molody becomes Lonsdale xxx, 95 Lonsdale arrives in UK xxx, 95 Supported by Krogers 44,100 Takes over as Houghton’s handler xxxi Spotted by MI5 with Houghton/Gee 98 Investigation 98, 99,100,102, 103 Arrested with Houghton and Gee xxxi, 103,104,105,106,107 Trial and conviction xxxi, 91, 107,108, 206 Exchange for Wynne xxxii, 92,121, 188 Life and death back in the Soviet Union 123,188,189,191, 207 Los Alamos see Manhattan Project LSK (Luftstreitkräfte der Nationalen Volksarmee, East German Air Forces of the National People’s Army) 151,173,182 LUIS (Morris Cohen/Peter Kroger) xii, xv, 100 Lunn, Peter 58, 77 LISZT Maclean, Donald xv, 8,12, 30, 45, 50, 53, Appendices 2 3 Investigation 46 Implicated by VENONA 46, 60 Escape plan with Burgess 46 Tip off from Philby 47 Defection and scandal xxx, 46, 48, 56, 58, 90,190, 203 Later life in Moscow and death 191 Macmillan, Harold 47, 90 245 Main Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army Staff see GRU Maisky, Ivan xv, 5, 21 Malinin, General Mikhail xv, 12, 207 Huebner-Malinin Agreement xxix, 128 Noiret-Malinin Agreement xxix, 128 Robertson-Malinin Agreement xxv, xxix, 126,127, 131, Appendix 4 Manhattan
Engineer District xiv, xxviii, 10,197, Appendix 1 Manhattan Project xiv, xviii, xxiv, xxvi, xxvii, xxviii, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18,19, 20, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 33, 35, 36, 44, 45, 48,100,186,191,192,193, 195,196,198, 199, Appendix 1 3 Einstein-Szilard letter 9 Creation of 10 Kellex Corporation Manhattan Project 10 Dupont Manhattan Project 10 Los Alamos xiii, xiv, xvii, xxviii, 7, 11, 12,15,16,17,18,19,26, 27, 40, 42, 44,197, Appendix 1 З TRiNITYxxiv, 15,24, 27, 31, 48,197, Appendix 1 GADGET 27, 31,197 LITTLE BOY 18, 27 FAT MAN 19, 27, 31, 48 Manningham-Buller, Sir Reginald 90, 91 MAKSIM (Vasily Zarubin) 14 Mao Zedong 50, 54, 55,194 Mariotti, Adjudant-Chef Phillipe xxxiii, 165,194 Marxism see Communism MAUD Committee see Tube Alloys McCarthyism 43, 50 McNutt, Russell xv, 15,17, 30,194, Appendices 2 3 Codename appears in VENONA 45 Identified by Vassiliev 45 Later life and death 193 MECAS xxxi, 86 Mercedes Geländewagen (G-Wagen) 147,158,159,160, Plates 12, 22, 26 27 METER/METR (Joel Barr) xi, 43, Appendix 3
246 Secrets of the Cold War Met Lab (Metallurgical Laboratory, University of Chicago) 10, Appendix 1 Metropolitan-Vickers 10 MfS (Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, Stasi) xxiii, xxvi, 90, 207 and BRIXMIS 139,142,155,157, 161,162,163,167,185,202, 209, 210, Plate 29 MGB xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxiv, xxx, 2, 3, 29, 44, 48, 56, 57 MI5 xxiii, 32, 33, 37, 44, 45, 46, 47,48, 52, 53, 58, 70, 86, 88, 94,190,204,205 and Portland Spy Ring xiv, xv, xvi, 97, 98, 99, 100,102,103,107, 121 MI6 see SIS Miakotnykh, Nikolai Sergeevich 77 Military Liaison Missions (MLMs) xv, xxiii, 75, 89,126,129,130,131,134, 143,145,147,148,149,152,155,159 Minox spy camera 28, 59, 60, 77,105, 112,114,116 MIRON (UB codename for Harry Houghton) xiv, 96 Mission House, Potsdam 128,135,139, 159,161,164,167,168,209, 210, Plate 10 Mission Restricted Sign, MRS (AMLMs) xxiii, 148,164 Mitrokhin, Vasili 28,193 MLAD (Ted Hall) see Hall, Ted MMFL (Mission Militaire Française De Liaison) xvi, xxi, xxiii, xxix, xxxiii, 128,129,141,159,166,170,172, 209, Plate 14 Mariotti killing xxxiii, 165, 194 MoD (British Ministry of Defence) xxiii, 133,136,140,144,149,171,182,185, 202, 208, Appendix 5 Modin, Yuri 46,59,192 Maclean escape plan with Philby Burgess 46 Coaches Cairncross 46 MOLIÈRE (John Cairncross) xii, 12, Appendix 3 Molody, Konon see Gordon Lonsdale Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact 8 MONGOL (2 seat trainer version of MiG21 FISHBED) 143 Monsanto Chemical Company 20, Appendix 1 Montréal xvi, 10,12, 23, Appendix 1 ‘Moscow Rules’ 112 MRS KILLJOY (Helen Kroger/Lona Cohen) xv, 100 MVD xxiii, xxx, 2, З Myagkov, Captain Aleksei 184, 185 NACA
xvi Nagasaki xxviii, 19, 24, 27, 28, 31, 48 Nark (Stasi) xxiv, 155,158,161,162,163 167,168,177,184 NATO xxiv, xxx, xxxiv, xxxv, 86,128, 185,195,207, 208,211, Appendix 8 Creation ofxxix and BRIXMIS 131,132,133,136, 145,149,153,174,175,182,184 Navy Bureau of Ordnance (US) xvii, 14 Needleman, Isidore ‘Gibby’ 15 Nicholson, Major Arthur ‘Nick’, USMLM xxxiii, 147,165,194 Nikon cameras 139, 160 NIL (Nathan Sussman) xvii, 43, Appendix 3 NKGB xxii, xxiv, xxix, 2, 3,14,15,17, 18, 24, 25, 26, 29, 35, 40 NKVD xi, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, xxi, xxii, xxiv, 2, 3, 4, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21, 23,24, 25, 37, 95, 99,100, 204, Appendix 2 Nobel Prize xviii, 8 Noiret, General Roger xvi Noiret-Malinin Agreement xxix, 128 Norwood, Melita ‘Letty’ xvi, 30, 47,199, Appendix 2 Recruited by NKVD/GRU 28 Beurton as handler 28 BNFMRA28 Tube Alloys 28 Later life and exposure 193 NRX reactor 24 NSA (US National Security Agency) 33, 38, 50,193,195 Creation of xii, xxiv, xxx, 50, 200 Berlin Tunnel 76, 90 NRCC (National Research Council of Canada) xxiv, 10, Appendix 1 NRO (US National Reconnaissance Office) 50 NSC (US National Security Council) xxiv, xxix, 50, 206
Index 247 NTS xii, xiv, 118,119 120, 206, Appendix 2 Nunn May, Allan xvi, xxix, 23, 24, 30, 31,198, Appendix 2 Joins Tube Alloys 23 Moved to Canada 23 Return to London 32 Arrest 33 Trial and conviction 33, 45,186 NVA (Nationale Volksarmee, East German armed forces) xxiv, 177,194, 210 Created xxx, 84 and BRIXMIS 132,136,141,149, 155,156,161,162,163,165,169, 171,174, Plate 23 NVG (Night Vision Goggles) 158,161, 166 Oak Ridge (K-25) xiv, xvii, 10,15,19, 24, 25, 26, Appendix 1 3 OBERON see BRIXMIS Official Secrets Act xxiv, xxviii, xxix, 22, 33, 40, 53, 89, 90, 91,107,186 OGPU xxii, 2, З Okhrana 2 Olympic Stadium, Berlin 7, 128, 138, 140,171, 184 OMS (Otdel Mezhdunarodnykh Svyazey) xxiv, 7, 8 Opel Kapitän 138,156,157 Admiral 156, 157 Senator 142,156,157,209, Plate 11, 16, 23, 24, 25 Oppenheimer, J. Robert xvi, 8,11,196 Oranienburg 169 OSRD (Office of Scientific Research and Development) xxiv, 21 OSS (US Office of Strategic Services) xxiv, 36, Appendix 3 OTTO (Klaus Fuchs) xiii, 20, 25 OTP (One Time Pad) xxiv, 34, 99, 102, 105,114, 200 Panfilov, Aleksei xvi, 20, 21, 22 Panyushkin, Alexander 63, 64 Parachute Regiment (British Army) 146 Parker, Lord, of Waddington 91 1S32 radar for SA֊4 GANEF SAM) 170 PAVEL (Lavrentiy Beria) xi, Appendix 3 PB JOINTLY see Berlin Tunnel Peierls, Rudolf xvi, 9,11, 21,198 Frisch-Peierls Memorandum xxviii, 9, 198 Pembroke, Percival/Hunting, aircraft 177,178,179,180,181,182, 212, Appendix 7, Plates 38 40 Penkovsky, Oleg xv, xvii, 91, 93, 94, 108, 114,115,188, 206, Appendix 2, Plate 5 Offers services to West xxxi, 108 First meeting with Wynne xxxi, 109,
110 and GKKNR110, 114 Recruited by SIS xxxi, 110, 111, 113, 203, 205 Under suspicion 115, 116 Final meeting with CIA xxxii Arrested xxxii, 117 Show trial with Wynne conviction xxxii, 117 Execution xxxii, 118, 193, 206 Penney, William 12 Pennsylvania Sugar Company 7, 40 People’s Republic of China xxviii, 50, 54, 55,57 Perrin, Sir Michael 37, 40 Perl, William xvi, 16, 17, 194, 197, Appendices 2 3 PERSHING (US MGM-31 SRBM) 175 PERSIAN (Russell McNutt) xv, 15, 45, Appendix 3 PETROV (Lavrentiy Beria) 12, Appendix 3 Petrov, Vladimir 190 PFEIL (Stasi operation based on Blake’s betrayal) 77 PGU (Pérvoye Glávnoye Upravléniye) xxv, 4 Philby, Kim xvi, 8, 30, 32, 36, 37, 45, 48, 50, 53, 56, 60, 64, 200, 202, Appendices 2 З Protected Maclean 46 Tipped off Burgess Maclean 47 Recalled to London forced to resign 47,57 Implicated in VENONA message 47 PAT HAND (Soviet
248 Secrets of the Cold War Named in US press as ‘Third Man’ 47 Exonerated in Parliament press conference 47 Moved to Beirut 48 Confronted by Elliot 48 Defection xxxii, 47, 48 Life in Moscow and death 190, 191, 192 Photographic Interpretation (PI) xxv, 178, 182 Photographic Reconnaissance (PR) xxv, xxxiii, 89, 136, 177, 178, Appendix 7 Pitovranov, Yevgeny 78, 80 PlutoniumlO, 17, 19, 24, 26, 27, 30, 31, 48, 199, Appendix 1 PNG (Passive Night vision Goggles) jííNVG PNG (Persona Non Grata) xxv, 5,114, 148,169,196 Podolsky, Boris xvi, 18, 20, 25, 30, 4, 201, Appendix 5 QUANTUM (Boris Podolsky) xvi, 20, 45, 201, Appendix 3 Poland xxvi, xxvii, 124,134,148,176, 208 Polonium 19, 20, 27, Appendix 1 Polygon xxv, 150, 175 Pontecorvo, Bruno xvi, 24, 30, 199, 201, Appendix 2 Begins working at Tube alloys 24 Offers services to Soviets 24 Lona Cohen as courier xii, 44 Returns to Harwell 25 Investigation 45 Defection xxx, 45,190 Life in Soviet Union and death 190, 191 Popov, Lt. Col. Pyotr Semyonovich xvii Offers services to West xxx, 85 Betrayed by Blake 85, 93 Arrested xxxi Executed xxxi, 193, 206 Portland Spy Ring xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xxvii, xxxi, 44, 51, 86, 90, 91, 94, 96, 97, 103,108,120,121,187,188,189, 202 Potsdam 121, 128, 135, 139, 159, 162, 164,166,167,168,169,184,189, Appendix 4 Potsdam Conference xxxiv, 124, 126 Powers, Francis Gary xvii, 95 U-2 shootdown xxxi Exchange for Abel xi, xii, xxxi, 95, 121,188, Appendix 2 PRA (Permanent Restricted Area MLMs) xxv, 134,147,148,161,167, 177, 209, Plate 17 31 Praktica cameras 160, 205 Project Y 11 QKDROOP (CIA operation with NTS) 119
QUANTUM see Podolsky, Boris RAF (British Royal Air Force) xxv, 172 BAFO (British Air Forces of Occupation) Appendix 8 RAFG (Royal Air Force Germany) xxv, xxxiii, 139,145,176,177,180, 182, Appendix 8 and BRIXMIS 132,134,135,136, 137,141,146,149,157,171,209 and HALLMARK 177,178,180,181 60 Squadron 177, 178,180,182, 211, Appendix 8 Randle, Michael 92, 203 Range Rover 155,156 ‘Raymond’ see Gold, Harry RCMP (Royal Canadian Mounted Police) xiv, xxv, 32, 121 Reeves Instrument Corporation xvii, 14 REGAL (Berlin Tunnel intelligence product) 74, 75, 76, 83, 89 Reggie (BRIXMIS) xxv, 151 Registration Department see RU REME (Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, British Army) xxv, 135, 138, 158, 209, Appendix 5 REST (Klaus Fuchs) xiii, 25, 36, 37, Appendix 3 REVERBERATE (MI5 surveillance of Houghton/Gee) 98 Reunification, German xxxiii, 182, 185 Rhee, Syngman 55 Rhein-Main Air Force Base (US, West Germany) 182 ROK (Republic of Korea, South Korea) 54, 55 Robertson Bart, Lt. Gen. Sir Brian xvi, 126, 207 Robertson-Malinin Agreement (RMA) xxv, xxix, 126, 127,128, 131, 134,146, 148, Appendix 4
Index (Berlin Infantry Brigade alert) 134 Rodin, Nikolai Borisovich 57, 58, 76, 77 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano 8, 9,10,11, 36, 124 Rosenberg, Ethel xvi, 16, 50, Appendix 2 Revealed in VENONA 43 Implicated by Gold Greenglass 43 Arrested xxx, 43 Trial with Julius and Morton Sobell 4 Conviction and death sentence 43 Execution xxx, 44,193 Rosenberg, Julius xvii, 18, 30, 43, 50, 191, Appendices 2 3 Recruited by Golos 13 Army Signal Corps/Fort Monmouth 14 Semyonov as handler 14 Bell Laboratories 15 Recruits McNutt 15 Recruits Seborer 15, 44 Recruits Greenglass 16 Assigns Greenglass to Gold 17 Revealed in VENONA 42, 43 Liked with Barr and Sussman 43 Implicated by Gold Greenglass 43 Arrested xxx, 43 Trial with Ethel and Morton Sobell 43 Conviction and death sentence 43 Execution xxx, 44,193 Rosenberg Ring xviii, 13,14,19, 25, 100,107,187, 194 Royal Air Force see RAF Royal Corps of Signals (British Army) 139 Royal Corps of Transport (RCT, British Army) xxv, 137,139,146, Appendix 5 Royal Engineers (British Army) 65, 69, 137, Appendix 5 Royal Marines (British) xix, xx, xxiii, xxv, xxvi, 134, Appendix 5 Royal Military Police (RMP, British Army) xxv, 168 Royal Navy (British) xx, 52, 53, 96, 134, Appendix 5 6 RU (Razvedupravlenie, Razvedupr) 4 Rudow 61, 62, 65, 68, 69, 81, 85, Plate 4, see Berlin Tunnel ROCKING HORSE 249 Saar, Squadron Leader Rod 138,152, 153, 154,164,165, Appendix 5 Santa Fe 11, 27, 42 Sarant, Alfred xvii, 15, 16,17,191,194, 197, Appendices 2 5 SAS (Special Air Service, British Army) xxvi, 146, Appendix 5 Sax, Saville xvii, 18, 19, 30, 193, Appendices 2 3 Implicated by
VENONA 44 Schönefeld Airport 61, 66, 68, 80,169 Schönefelder Chausee 61, 62, 68, 69, 72, 79, 80, see Berlin Tunnel SCOREBOARD (Soviet NRS-12 radar) 152 SCOUT (Joel Barr) xi, Appendix 3 SCUD (Soviet SS-l/R-17 missile) 175 Search, Bill and Ruth 99,101,102, 204 Seborer, Oscar xvii, 15,16,17,18, 30, 44, 194,197, Appendices 2 3 Recruited by Rosenberg 15 Investigation 44 Defection xxx, 44,191 SED (Special Engineering Detachment) xviii, xxvi, 15, 16,192 Semichastny, Vladimir 189 Semyonov, Semyon Markovich 14, 20, 25, 26,100,199 Seoul xxix, 54, 55 SERB (Soviet External Relations Bureau) xxvi, 129, 130,131,148, 156, 159,167,169,184, Appendix 5, Plate 10 Serov, Ivan Aleksandrovich 64, 76, 77, 90 Shergold, Harry 87, 88, 203 SIGINT (Signals Intelligence) xxvi, 58, 59, 60, 85, 89,131,152,168,174 SILVER (Vienna tunnel operation) xxix, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 69, 70, 76, 77 SIS (British Secret Intelligence Service xi, xiii, xiv, xvi, xviii, xxiii, xxvi, xxviii, xxix, xxx, xxxi, 58, 87, 88, 91, 203, Appendix 3 Blake as SIS officer 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 63, 78, 85, 86, 87, 89, 91, 92,187 and Berlin Tunnel 63, 64, 70, 72, 83, 90 Philby as SIS officer 47, 48, 56
250 Secrets of the Cold War and Penkovsky/Wynne 109,110, 111, 112,113,114,117,120,121, 211, Plate 5 and BRIXMIS 140,184 Site W see Kellex Site X see Dupont/Hanford Skardon, William ‘Jim’ 37, 46 Sklyarov, Ivan 5, 21 SMLM xv, xxvi, xxix, 128, 129 SNIPER see Goleniewski, Lt. Col. Michael Sobell, Morton xvii, 16,17,194,197, Appendix 2 Linked to Rosenbergs 43 Trial with Rosenbergs 43 Conviction and sentence 43 SONNY (Kim Philby) xvi SONYA see Kuczyński, Ursula SOUND (Jacob Golos) xiii, 13, Appendix 3 South Korea see ROK Soviet Government Purchasing Commission (Sovetskaya Pravitel’stvennaya Zakupochnaya Komissiya) 8 Soviet Union xxviii, xxix, xxxv, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12,14,19, 20, 21, 22, 31, 32, 33, 36, 47, 49, 51, 54, 56, 74, 76, 84, 90, 91, 93, 95,109, 111, 112,115,118,119, 121,124,132,175,185,187,188,189, 190, 191, 192, 193,195, Appendix 4 SOXMIS xxvi, xxix, 128,129,134,147, 148,161,164, 210 Spandau (BRIXMIS) 135,136,137, Appendix 5 Spandau Prison, Berlin 137, 210 Special Branch 32, 37, 40, 98,103, 104, 107, 204, 205 Special Section (BRIXMIS) 135,137, 142, 159, 160, 168, Appendix 5 Sperry Gyroscope xi SPIDER (SS-23/OTR-23 OKA SRBM) 175, Plate 36 Spy swaps/exchanges 94, 95, 120, 121, 188, 189, 206, Appendix 2 Abel/Powers xi, xii, xvii, xxxi, 95, 121, 188 Cohens/Brooke xii, xv, xxxii, xxxiii, 120, 123 Molody/Wynne xviii, xv, xxxii, 107, 121 SSA (Signals Security Agency) xxvi, 34, 200 Stalin, Joseph 1, 4, 5, 8,13,21,23, 31, 33, 48, 49, 50, 51, 55, 84, 94,118,119, 124,194,196 Death of xxx, 57, 74 STANLEY (Kim Philby) xvi, 47, Appendix 3 STAR (Saville Sax) xvii, 44, Appendix 3 Staros,
Phillip Georgievich see Sarant, Alfred Stasi see MfS State Defence Committee see GKO STOPWATCH see Berlin Tunnel SUGAR (Vienna tunnel operation) 59 Sussman, Nathan xvii, 16,17, 43,194, 197, Appendices 2 3 Szilard, Leo xvii, 9,196 Einstein-Szilard Letter xxviii, 9 TAMARISK (BRIXMIS) 136 TARRY (Greville Wynne) xviii, 111 TASS News Agency 8 Tegel Airport 169, 176,177 Tehran Conference 33 Tempelhof Airport 66, 67, 74, 169, 176, 177, 210 TINA (Melita Norwood) xvi, 28, 47 Tishkov, Arseny Vasilievich 64 Titov, Yurii 120 TOMAHAWK (BRIXMIS) 136 TONY (Anthony Blunt) xii TRA (Temporary Restricted Area MLMs) xxvii, 132,147,148,167,171, 177 Trabant car 157, 158,167, 196 Tradecraft xxxv, 14, 17, 18, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 36, 51, 57, 94, 95, 97,109,112, 119,142,197 TRELLIS (Harry Houghton) xiv, 98 TRINITY Test see Manhattan Project Truman, President Harry 31, 35, 49, 50 Tube Alloys, Directorate of xviii, xxiv, xxvii, xxviii, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 33, 37, 45, 46,193, Appendix 1 Frisch-Peierls Memorandum 9 MAUD Committee xviii, xx, xxiii, xxviii, 9,10,11,12, 21, 22, 46,197, Appendix 1
Index Creation of 9 Tube Alloys to Canada 10,11 Tube Alloys joins Manhattan Project 11 BNFMRA xvi, xix, 28 TUK (Nathan Sussman) xvii, Appendix 3 U-2 spy plane xvii, xxxi, 84, 95,121, 171, 180,188 UB (Urząd Bezpieczeństwa) xiv, xxvi, xxvii, 86, 98 UDE (Underwater Detection Establishment, Portland) xxvii, 96, 97, 98,103,106, 204 Ulbricht, Walter 7, 84,196 United Nations 55 UMNITSA (Elizabeth Bentley) xi, Appendix 3 Upper Cheyne Row, Chelsea 111, Plate 5 Uranium xxviii, 9,10,11,15,18, 19, 20, 21, 22,23,24,27, 74, 84,191,196, 198,199, Appendix 1 USAF (United States Air Force) 155 USMLM xiv, xxvii, xxix, 89,128, 129, 141,144,145,146,150,156,158, 165, 166,168,182,209, Plate 15 Nicholson killing xxxiii, 147,165, 194 USSSC (US Service Shipping Corporation) xi, 7 Vassall, John 51, 201 Vassiliev, Alexander 20, 45,193, Appendix 3 Vcheka see Cheka VENONA 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50, 60, 69,100,193, 195, Appendix 3 Meredith Gardner 34, 35, 44, 45, 46, 47 GCHQJUK Government Communications Headquarters) 35 Gene Grabeel 34, 200 Lt. Richard Hallock 34 Robert Lamphere 35 VICTOR (Lt Gen Pavel Fitin) Appendix 3 Vienna xxv, xxix, 44, 58, 59, 60, 61, 65, 76, 77, 201, 202 Vinten camera 180 Volkspolizei (Vopos) xxvii, 61, 66, 68, 84, 155, 161, 162 251 VOLUNTEER (Cohens Krogers) xii, xv, 44, 100 VOLUNTEER network 44, 45 ‘Vries, Max de’ see Blake, George Warsaw 86, 96, 97, 98, 123 Warsaw Pact xxxiv, xxxv, 84, 85, 87, 128,133,141,171,176,177,185,195, 211 Creation of xxx, 207, 211 Wartburg car 161, Plate 29 WASP (Ruth Greenglass) xiv, 42, Appendix 3 Weisband, William 36, 60,
200, Appendix 3 WESPENNNEST (Stasi op based on Blake’s betrayal) 77 West Germany see Federal Republic of Germany Western Group of Forces (WGF, formerly GSFG) xxvii, 185 White, Dick 48, 87,111,203 Wiesbaden Air Force Base (US, West Germany) 88, 182 Wildenrath, RAF, West Germany xxxiii, 177,180,182, Appendix 8 Wilson, Harold 120 Williams, Major General Peter 162, 208, Appendix 5, Plate 8 Williamson air cameras 178, 210 World Tourists xiii, 13 WRAC (Women’s Royal Army Corps, British Army) xxvii, 138, Appendix 5 Wynne, Greville xv, xvi, xviii, 51, 93, 94, 111, 116,120, 206, Appendix 2, Plate 5 Recruited by SIS xxxi, 109, 211 First meeting with Penkovsky xxxi, 110, 205 and GKKNR 110,112, 206 Abducted in Budapest xxxii, 117 Show trial with Penkovsky conviction xxxii, 117, 118, 121 Exchange for Lonsdale/Molody xv, xvi, xxxii, 121,188 Later life 189 ‘Yakovlev, Anatoly’ see Yatskov, Anatoly Yalta Conference 124 Yatskov, Anatoly 17,18,19, 26, 40, 42, 199
252 Secrets of the Cold War Zhukov, Marshall Georgy 85 ZINGER (David Greenglass) xiv ‘Zubilin’ see Zarubin ZVUK (Jacob Golos) xiii, 13, Appendix 3 YOUNGSTER (Ted Hall) xiv, 44, Appendix 3 Zabotin, Colonel Nikolai 24 Zarubin, Vasily Mikhailovich 14 ZHORA (William Weisband) 36, Appendix 3 Bayerisch« Wunchsn |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:43:05Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:48:14Z |
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| spelling | Long, Andrew Verfasser (DE-588)1235188434 aut Secrets of the Cold War espionage and intelligence operations - from both sides of the iron curtain ; [foreword by Major General Sir Robert Corbett (KCVO, CB)] Andrew Long Barnsley Pen & Sword History 2022 xxxvi, 252 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten, Pläne txt rdacontent sti rdacontent cri rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Verfasser des Vorworts vom Schutzumschlag entnommen Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Spionage (DE-588)4056287-6 gnd rswk-swf Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Cold War Intelligence service / History / 20th century Intelligence service 1900-1999 History Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Spionage (DE-588)4056287-6 s Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 s Geschichte z DE-604 Corbett, R.J.S. Sir 1940- (DE-588)1268396575 wpr Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034130174&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034130174&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Long, Andrew Secrets of the Cold War espionage and intelligence operations - from both sides of the iron curtain ; [foreword by Major General Sir Robert Corbett (KCVO, CB)] Spionage (DE-588)4056287-6 gnd Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056287-6 (DE-588)4075770-5 (DE-588)4077548-3 (DE-588)4022153-2 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | Secrets of the Cold War espionage and intelligence operations - from both sides of the iron curtain ; [foreword by Major General Sir Robert Corbett (KCVO, CB)] |
| title_auth | Secrets of the Cold War espionage and intelligence operations - from both sides of the iron curtain ; [foreword by Major General Sir Robert Corbett (KCVO, CB)] |
| title_exact_search | Secrets of the Cold War espionage and intelligence operations - from both sides of the iron curtain ; [foreword by Major General Sir Robert Corbett (KCVO, CB)] |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Secrets of the Cold War espionage and intelligence operations - from both sides of the iron curtain ; [foreword by Major General Sir Robert Corbett (KCVO, CB)] |
| title_full | Secrets of the Cold War espionage and intelligence operations - from both sides of the iron curtain ; [foreword by Major General Sir Robert Corbett (KCVO, CB)] Andrew Long |
| title_fullStr | Secrets of the Cold War espionage and intelligence operations - from both sides of the iron curtain ; [foreword by Major General Sir Robert Corbett (KCVO, CB)] Andrew Long |
| title_full_unstemmed | Secrets of the Cold War espionage and intelligence operations - from both sides of the iron curtain ; [foreword by Major General Sir Robert Corbett (KCVO, CB)] Andrew Long |
| title_short | Secrets of the Cold War |
| title_sort | secrets of the cold war espionage and intelligence operations from both sides of the iron curtain foreword by major general sir robert corbett kcvo cb |
| title_sub | espionage and intelligence operations - from both sides of the iron curtain ; [foreword by Major General Sir Robert Corbett (KCVO, CB)] |
| topic | Spionage (DE-588)4056287-6 gnd Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Spionage Ost-West-Konflikt Sowjetunion Großbritannien USA |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034130174&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034130174&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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