Pradziejowe cymelia województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego: skarby ludności kultury łużyckiej z Brudzynia, Cierpic i Elgiszewa = Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship : hoards of the Lusatian culture from Brudzyń, Cierpice and Elgiszewo
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Toruń
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
2022
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| Series: | Prace Archeologiczne / Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
nr 11 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Physical Description: | 167 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 31 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788365127860 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Spis treści Contents Wprowadzenie (Jacek Gackowski, Sambor Gawiński, Mateusz Sosnowski, Henryk P. Dąbrowski)................................................... Introduction (Jacek Gackowski, Sambor Gawiński, Mateusz Sosnowski, Henryk P. Dąbrowski)...................................................... 7 9 1. Zagadnienia wstępne/Archaeological background..................................................................................................................... 11 Skarby przedmiotów metalowych z młodszej epoki brązu i wczesnej epoki żelaza w regionie kujawsko-pomorskim/ /Metal hoards from the region of Kuyavia and Pomerania during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (Jacek Gac kowski, Szymon Rosołowski).......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Skarby z epok pradziejowych w interpretacjach archeologicznych/Archaeological interpretations of ancient hoards (Jacek Gackowski)............................................................................................................................................................................ 23 2. Archeologia znalezisk gromadnych/Archaeologyof collective deposits................................................................................... 25 Uwagi wprowadzające do prezentacji środowiska geograficznego okolic miejsc, w których odkryto skarby/Preliminary information on the geographical setting of the sites with metal hoards (Paweł Malewski).................................................. 27
Elgiszewo, pow. golubsko-dobrzyński/Elgiszewo, Golub-Dobrzyń District.............................................................................. 31 Środowisko geograficzne okolic Elgiszewa/Geographical setting of the site at Elgiszewo (Paweł Malewski)........... 33 Skarb z Elgiszewa. Czyli jak długa i kręta może być droga od amatorskiego odkrycia do archeologicznego opraco wania znaleziska/The hoard from Elgiszewo: how long and winding can be the road from an amateur discovery to an archaeological study of a find (Jacek Gackowski).................................................................................................... 39 Brudzyń, pow. żniński/Brudzyń, Żnin District............................................................................................................................ 57 Środowisko geograficzne okolic Brudzynia/Geographical setting of the site at Brudzyń (Paweł Malewski)............. 59 Znalezisko gromadne z Brudzynia. Czyli jak wiele nieodwracalnych strat dla wiedzy o pradziejach mogą przy nieść nielegalne i bezrefleksyjne poszukiwania skarbów/The hoard from Brudzyń: how archaeology suffers heavy losses caused by illegal and amateur metal detector surveys (Jacek Gackowski, Szymon Rosołowski)....................... 65 Cierpice, pow. toruński/Cierpice, Toruń District......................................................................................................................... 97 Środowisko geograficzne okolic Cierpic/Geographical setting of the site at Cierpice (Paweł Malewski)................... 99 Skarb z Cierpic. Czyli jak
poszukiwania o charakterze archeologicznym stają się popularną i łatwo dostępną dla wielu formą miłego spędzania czasu/The hoard from Cierpice: how “archaeological” surveys are becom ing a popular and pleasant way of spending free time (Anna Rembisz-Lubiejewska, Jacek Gackowski, Mateusz Sosnowski)............................................................................................................................................................................... 105 3. Archeometalurgia i archeobotanika skarbów/Archaeometallurgy and archaeobotany of the hoards................................. 121 Uwagi na temat produkcji oraz użytkowania przedmiotów brązowych z Brudzynia, Cierpic i Elgiszewa/The production and use of bronze metalwork from Brudzyń, Cierpice and Elgiszewo (Aldona Garbacz-Klempka, Łukasz Kowalski)....... 123
Szata roślinna i jej wykorzystywanie przez ludność kultury łużyckiej na przykładzie znalezisk z Elgiszewa i Cierpic/ /Vegetation and plant utilization by the Lusatian people on the example of finds from Elgiszewo and Cierpice (Agnieszka Μ. Noryśkiewicz, Dariusz Kamiński).............................................................................................................................................. 135 4. Konserwacja zabytków/Conservation of artifacts........................................................................................................................ 147 Skarby przedmiotów metalowych z Elgiszewa, Brudzynia i Cierpic w świetle problematyki konserwatorskiej/ /Metal hoards from Elgiszewo, Brudzyń and Cierpice and the conservation issues (Marek Kołyszko, Mariusz Fejfer, Władysław Weker, Tymoteusz Kosiński)......................................................................................................................................... 149 Uwagi podsumowujące/Concluding remarks (Jacek Gackowski, Sambor Gawiński, Mateusz Sosnowski, Henryk P. Dąbrowski) 155 Aneks nr 1: Analiza próbki glebowej z miejsca odkrycia skarbu w Elgiszewie, stanowisko 14/Appendix 1: Analysis of a soil sample from the hoard discovery place in Elgiszewo, site 14 (Maciej Markiewicz).................................................... 157 Aneks որ 2: Datowanie radiowęglowe próbki organicznej ze skarbu w Cierpicach, stanowisko 17/Appendix 2: Radio carbon dating of organie remains from the Cierpice hoard, site 17 (Poznańskie Laboratorium Radiowęglowe)................ 159
Aneks որ 3: Analiza FTIR-ATR pozostałości organicznych zidentyfikowanych na przedmiocie z brązu ze skarbu w Cierpicach, stanowisko 17, pow. toruňski/Appendix 3: FTIR-ATR analysis of organie residues identified on a bronze artefact from the Cierpice hoard, site 17, Toruń District (Grażyna Szczepańska, Andrzej Podgórski)................................. 161 Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. Hoards of the Lusatian culture from Brudzyń, Cierpice and Elgiszewo. Summary............................................................................................................................................................... 163 Lista Autorów/List of Authors........................................................................................................................................................ 167
Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. Hoards of the Lusatian culture from Brudzyń, Cierpice and Elgiszewo Summary In recent years, there has been a growing interest in amateur searches for remains of the past, preserved in the form of various metal objects revealed with the use of metal detectors. More and more improved devices of this type make it possible to extract them from the ground, and their discoverers have a sense of personal - as they often emphasise - communing with living history. They also add that thanks to their involvement in the search, they somehow extract these artefacts from the darkness of the past and bring them back to the present. Year by year, the movement of treasure hunters is becoming wider and it is a process observed not only in Poland, but also in many European countries. As a rule, these amateur exploration enthusiasts penetrate various regions of open, undeveloped areas, expecting finds from historical times, but often they come across those from prehistory. This was also the case with the three hoards presented in this publication. The hoard from Elgiszewo (Golub-Dobrzyń District) was found in 2014, another one, in Brudzyń (Żnin District), in 2016, and the hoard from Cierpice (Toruń District) in 2020. Only the latter has been legally disclosed by the ‘Weles’ Historical and Exploration Group, with the permit of the Voivodeship Heritage Conservator in Toruń. The first two finds come from the penetration carried out by people unorganised in similar associations, and the discoveries were made without the permit of the
relevant conservation authorities. However, thanks to the involvement of the latter, prehistoric items were recovered. The hoard from Brudzyń was scientifically studied and published in 2020. In this publication it is presented again, but in a slightly abbreviated and popular science formula. This was also adopted for the presentation of the hoards from Elgiszewo and Cierpice. The publication consists of several main chapters. The first contains comments on the périodisation and chronological systems adopted in Polish archaeology for the younger periods of the Bronze Age and the early Iron Age. Numerous hoards from the area of Poland come from these phases of the metal epochs, in terms of content similar to the finds presented in the publication. The tendency to collect valuable jewellery, tools and weapons was also marked in the area of the present Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is documented by the hoards of metal products described in this chapter. Although they are numerous (46 deposits), most of them, unfortunately, are lost (mainly as a result of the last world war) and known only from publications and archives. Those that have survived have been collected in museum and extra-museum collections of our region and other institutions, also outside Poland. There is a significant accumulation of hoards in Kuyavia and Pałuki, much smaller in the Chełmno Land, and quite sporadic in the Dobrzyń Land and on the north-western outskirts of the KuyavianPomeranian Voivodeship. At present, it is impossible to assess whether such uneven distribution is a trace of differently
shaped prehistoric settlement zones and thus a tendency in prehistoric hoards deposition, or a reflection of the state of archaeological research. In a way naturally, the fact of hoards deposition is related to the problem of interpreting the individual and social motivations of people hiding valuable items. This exceptionally complex problem has a lasting place in the archaeological literature. It turns out that, depending on the social and political context in which prehistoric archaeology developed, there were and are proposed interpretations of the reasons for the hoards deposition. Motivations of such behaviour are indicated, which have their source in economic (e.g. the desire to get rich by some people), political (e.g. hidden during war threats), also sociological (e.g. manifesting the social prestige of selected people), as well as ritual and belief (e.g. by offering votive gifts to deities). How difficult these investigations are is shown by the attempts to interpret the motives for hiding deposits presented in this publication. 163
Summary The next, second chapter is the part of the publication in which three hoards, indicated in its title, were presented. They were found in various places in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian region, hence the presentation of each deposit is preceded by highlighting the realities of the immediate environmental surroundings in which they were discovered. The hoard from Brudzyń was found near the Urstromtal depression of the Wełna River. The dominant varieties of the natural landscape in its surroundings are flat and undulating moraine plains situated on the upland, varied with glacial tunnel valleys, flat and undulating outwash plains and flat biogenic plains. In the past, these areas were forested, with the exception of lakes, the Wełna riverbed and zones of prehistoric settlement. In turn, the hoard from Elgiszewo was found on the south-eastern edges of Lake Okonin, located about 0.5 km north of the Drwęca River bend. On both sides of its Urstromtal, there are several varieties of the natural landscape. In the moraine heights there are flat and undulating plains. In the Urstromtal and the Drwęca River valley, more or less steep slopes, flat plains of erosion and accumulation terraces and flat floodplains attract attention. In numerous tunnel valleys there are slopes, terraces and bottoms of subglacial valleys with rivers and lake troughs. Most likely, the surroundings of the place where the hoard from Elgiszewo was deposited were forested, only stagnant and flowing waterbodies and small enclaves of local settlements were deforested. The hoard from Cierpice was discovered on a
sandy, dune elevation, a short distance from the southern edge of the Vistula River Urstromtal, in the vicinity of its tributary - Zielona Struga. The landscape context of this place is varied. On Urstromtal terraces, flat plains of erosion and accumulation terraces have formed, in places varied with dunes. On the river terraces of the Vistula there are accumulation plains with single dunes. The bottom of the Vistula River valley is occupied by flat floodplains and biogenic plains. These spatial components were covered with forests and other low-growth vegetation. The dominant element of the local landscape was the Vistula River, in prehistory much wider than today, but shallower, with numerous sandbanks, making it easier to cross its course on both sides. The hoard from Brudzyń consists of 112 metal artefacts, including 90 made of bronze and 22 of iron. The former are dominated by jewellery, including ring forms worn on the limbs and neck (multi-coil bracelets, open bracelets, necklaces, shin guards) and attached and sewn to clothing (brooches, pins, knobs with loops). The hoard also contained bronze axes (mostly socketed ones with loops), a staff weapon head, a miniature sickle, a small two-piece bit and the so-called a basket-shaped divider, once a tiny but essential part of a horse harness, probably originally equipped with a greater number of similar metal parts. The collection is complemented by small, damaged items, perhaps originally intended for remelting. Among the iron products, the sickles and parts of the horse bridle are noteworthy: two-element bits, in some
cases connected by links, also loose links and a single, hook-shaped catch with a disc. The iron items also included: a staff weapon head and knifes fragments preserved in the form of a blade, and sheaths with traces of wooden cladding. The hoard from Brudzyń is dated to the turn of the Bronze Age and Iron Age, with an indication to the beginning of the latter period (Ha C). The set of collected products is various not only in terms of the assortment, but also their origin. Some of them are probably of local, Greater Poland provenance, while others are imports from Silesia and Pomerania. The deposit was hidden during the existence of the Biskupin type settlements, perhaps during local conflicts between settlement groups of the Lusatian culture. The hoard from Elgiszewo consists of 34 bronze products and one stone disk (the so-called fluted stone). It is dominated by various pieces of jewellery worn by people (ring forms and a brooch) as well as horse harness ornaments (shields, so-called phalerae), moreover, there are tools (knife and mould) and metal vessel handles. It is difficult to clearly assess from where such a set of items could have found its way to the Drwęca River area. It is most likely that these products flowed into the lower Vistula River region from the south-west (Silesia, Greater Poland), during the period of intensified connections between the Chełmno Land and Pomerania. Most of these metal objects show traces of damage, both in the period close to their use (deliberate fragmentation, fractures and bends), and during many centuries of deposition. The fact
of the coexistence of jewellery and tools, despite their significant damage, is characteristic of inventories of similar assortment mixed finds from the area of the Lusatian culture, dated to the end of the Bronze Age and the older and younger phase of the early Iron Age. This phenomenon is well documented also for the hoards from the Pomeranian and eastern Greater Poland regions. The find can be interpreted as a deposit of a itinerant bronze producer or as a set of products ritually excluded from use. The hoard from Cierpice consists of 158 elements of horse bridle, in 174 fragments; there were distinguished two side pieces, three oval shields (so-called phalerae), four sets of connected rings (so-called clinkers) and numerous fittings for the bridle straps in the form of tubular sheet metal sockets and wire links. In addition to the aforementioned elements of the horse bridle, the set also includes a socketed axe with loop. While the latter probably has local provenance, the aforementioned horse bridle came from distant parts. Both the forms of the side pieces and the clinkers refer to the North European production during the period of the domination of the influence of the Nordic civilisation in the younger phase of the Bronze Age. In turn, the phalerae and numerous sheet metal sockets and wire links meet analogies in hoards and grave finds in southern Germany. This does not contradict the view of the northern provenance 164
Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. Hoards of the Lusatian culture from Brudzyń, Cierpice... of the Cierpice hoard, because decorative elements of based on the pollen data from the palynological profile the horse harness in the Danubian style in the younger collected from the edge of Lake Okonin, the nature Bronze Age are quite numerous in northern Europe and and variability of the vegetation in the period from the from there they arrived to Pomerania. The set of metal younger Stone Age to the turn of the Middle Ages and elements of the horse bridle, especially the presence of the early Post-medieval period, hence also for the turn of clinkers, evidences its use in ritual settings practiced in the Subboreal and Subatlantic periods, associated with the environment of the Nordic civilisation, but probably the younger phase of the Lusatian culture settlement not in the zone of the settlement of the Lusatian culture were reconstructed. In turn, from the metal objects on the Vistula River. Perhaps it is a deposit from afar, discovered in Cierpice, it was possible to obtain botanical hidden during local unrest, or intended to be remelted macroremains (grass and burdock leaves in which metal objects were wrapped) and zoological ones (fragments to cast new items. The third chapter presents the issues of of tanned animal skin of which the horse bridle straps archaeometallurgical and archaeobotanical research. were made). In the hoard from Brudzyń, phloem of the The former concern both bronze and iron products. In knife handles and traces of the deposit
packaging in the addition to typical analyses of the chemical composition form of wood and linen fabric were identified. of copper alloys, issues related to the production and use The last, fifth chapter presents the issues and results techniques of prehistoric objects were also elaborated. of conservation of metal artefacts. The publication Interesting research results are described in the second ends with three appendices containing the results part of this chapter, devoted to the archaeobotany of of soil science (Elgiszewo), radiocarbon dating and hoards. For the vicinity of the deposit from Elgiszewo, identification of animal collagen (Cierpice).
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Spis treści Contents Wprowadzenie (Jacek Gackowski, Sambor Gawiński, Mateusz Sosnowski, Henryk P. Dąbrowski). Introduction (Jacek Gackowski, Sambor Gawiński, Mateusz Sosnowski, Henryk P. Dąbrowski). 7 9 1. Zagadnienia wstępne/Archaeological background. 11 Skarby przedmiotów metalowych z młodszej epoki brązu i wczesnej epoki żelaza w regionie kujawsko-pomorskim/ /Metal hoards from the region of Kuyavia and Pomerania during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (Jacek Gac kowski, Szymon Rosołowski). 13 Skarby z epok pradziejowych w interpretacjach archeologicznych/Archaeological interpretations of ancient hoards (Jacek Gackowski). 23 2. Archeologia znalezisk gromadnych/Archaeologyof collective deposits. 25 Uwagi wprowadzające do prezentacji środowiska geograficznego okolic miejsc, w których odkryto skarby/Preliminary information on the geographical setting of the sites with metal hoards (Paweł Malewski). 27
Elgiszewo, pow. golubsko-dobrzyński/Elgiszewo, Golub-Dobrzyń District. 31 Środowisko geograficzne okolic Elgiszewa/Geographical setting of the site at Elgiszewo (Paweł Malewski). 33 Skarb z Elgiszewa. Czyli jak długa i kręta może być droga od amatorskiego odkrycia do archeologicznego opraco wania znaleziska/The hoard from Elgiszewo: how long and winding can be the road from an amateur discovery to an archaeological study of a find (Jacek Gackowski). 39 Brudzyń, pow. żniński/Brudzyń, Żnin District. 57 Środowisko geograficzne okolic Brudzynia/Geographical setting of the site at Brudzyń (Paweł Malewski). 59 Znalezisko gromadne z Brudzynia. Czyli jak wiele nieodwracalnych strat dla wiedzy o pradziejach mogą przy nieść nielegalne i bezrefleksyjne poszukiwania skarbów/The hoard from Brudzyń: how archaeology suffers heavy losses caused by illegal and amateur metal detector surveys (Jacek Gackowski, Szymon Rosołowski). 65 Cierpice, pow. toruński/Cierpice, Toruń District. 97 Środowisko geograficzne okolic Cierpic/Geographical setting of the site at Cierpice (Paweł Malewski). 99 Skarb z Cierpic. Czyli jak
poszukiwania o charakterze archeologicznym stają się popularną i łatwo dostępną dla wielu formą miłego spędzania czasu/The hoard from Cierpice: how “archaeological” surveys are becom ing a popular and pleasant way of spending free time (Anna Rembisz-Lubiejewska, Jacek Gackowski, Mateusz Sosnowski). 105 3. Archeometalurgia i archeobotanika skarbów/Archaeometallurgy and archaeobotany of the hoards. 121 Uwagi na temat produkcji oraz użytkowania przedmiotów brązowych z Brudzynia, Cierpic i Elgiszewa/The production and use of bronze metalwork from Brudzyń, Cierpice and Elgiszewo (Aldona Garbacz-Klempka, Łukasz Kowalski). 123
Szata roślinna i jej wykorzystywanie przez ludność kultury łużyckiej na przykładzie znalezisk z Elgiszewa i Cierpic/ /Vegetation and plant utilization by the Lusatian people on the example of finds from Elgiszewo and Cierpice (Agnieszka Μ. Noryśkiewicz, Dariusz Kamiński). 135 4. Konserwacja zabytków/Conservation of artifacts. 147 Skarby przedmiotów metalowych z Elgiszewa, Brudzynia i Cierpic w świetle problematyki konserwatorskiej/ /Metal hoards from Elgiszewo, Brudzyń and Cierpice and the conservation issues (Marek Kołyszko, Mariusz Fejfer, Władysław Weker, Tymoteusz Kosiński). 149 Uwagi podsumowujące/Concluding remarks (Jacek Gackowski, Sambor Gawiński, Mateusz Sosnowski, Henryk P. Dąbrowski) 155 Aneks nr 1: Analiza próbki glebowej z miejsca odkrycia skarbu w Elgiszewie, stanowisko 14/Appendix 1: Analysis of a soil sample from the hoard discovery place in Elgiszewo, site 14 (Maciej Markiewicz). 157 Aneks որ 2: Datowanie radiowęglowe próbki organicznej ze skarbu w Cierpicach, stanowisko 17/Appendix 2: Radio carbon dating of organie remains from the Cierpice hoard, site 17 (Poznańskie Laboratorium Radiowęglowe). 159
Aneks որ 3: Analiza FTIR-ATR pozostałości organicznych zidentyfikowanych na przedmiocie z brązu ze skarbu w Cierpicach, stanowisko 17, pow. toruňski/Appendix 3: FTIR-ATR analysis of organie residues identified on a bronze artefact from the Cierpice hoard, site 17, Toruń District (Grażyna Szczepańska, Andrzej Podgórski). 161 Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. Hoards of the Lusatian culture from Brudzyń, Cierpice and Elgiszewo. Summary. 163 Lista Autorów/List of Authors. 167
Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. Hoards of the Lusatian culture from Brudzyń, Cierpice and Elgiszewo Summary In recent years, there has been a growing interest in amateur searches for remains of the past, preserved in the form of various metal objects revealed with the use of metal detectors. More and more improved devices of this type make it possible to extract them from the ground, and their discoverers have a sense of personal - as they often emphasise - communing with living history. They also add that thanks to their involvement in the search, they somehow extract these artefacts from the darkness of the past and bring them back to the present. Year by year, the movement of treasure hunters is becoming wider and it is a process observed not only in Poland, but also in many European countries. As a rule, these amateur exploration enthusiasts penetrate various regions of open, undeveloped areas, expecting finds from historical times, but often they come across those from prehistory. This was also the case with the three hoards presented in this publication. The hoard from Elgiszewo (Golub-Dobrzyń District) was found in 2014, another one, in Brudzyń (Żnin District), in 2016, and the hoard from Cierpice (Toruń District) in 2020. Only the latter has been legally disclosed by the ‘Weles’ Historical and Exploration Group, with the permit of the Voivodeship Heritage Conservator in Toruń. The first two finds come from the penetration carried out by people unorganised in similar associations, and the discoveries were made without the permit of the
relevant conservation authorities. However, thanks to the involvement of the latter, prehistoric items were recovered. The hoard from Brudzyń was scientifically studied and published in 2020. In this publication it is presented again, but in a slightly abbreviated and popular science formula. This was also adopted for the presentation of the hoards from Elgiszewo and Cierpice. The publication consists of several main chapters. The first contains comments on the périodisation and chronological systems adopted in Polish archaeology for the younger periods of the Bronze Age and the early Iron Age. Numerous hoards from the area of Poland come from these phases of the metal epochs, in terms of content similar to the finds presented in the publication. The tendency to collect valuable jewellery, tools and weapons was also marked in the area of the present Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is documented by the hoards of metal products described in this chapter. Although they are numerous (46 deposits), most of them, unfortunately, are lost (mainly as a result of the last world war) and known only from publications and archives. Those that have survived have been collected in museum and extra-museum collections of our region and other institutions, also outside Poland. There is a significant accumulation of hoards in Kuyavia and Pałuki, much smaller in the Chełmno Land, and quite sporadic in the Dobrzyń Land and on the north-western outskirts of the KuyavianPomeranian Voivodeship. At present, it is impossible to assess whether such uneven distribution is a trace of differently
shaped prehistoric settlement zones and thus a tendency in prehistoric hoards deposition, or a reflection of the state of archaeological research. In a way naturally, the fact of hoards deposition is related to the problem of interpreting the individual and social motivations of people hiding valuable items. This exceptionally complex problem has a lasting place in the archaeological literature. It turns out that, depending on the social and political context in which prehistoric archaeology developed, there were and are proposed interpretations of the reasons for the hoards deposition. Motivations of such behaviour are indicated, which have their source in economic (e.g. the desire to get rich by some people), political (e.g. hidden during war threats), also sociological (e.g. manifesting the social prestige of selected people), as well as ritual and belief (e.g. by offering votive gifts to deities). How difficult these investigations are is shown by the attempts to interpret the motives for hiding deposits presented in this publication. 163
Summary The next, second chapter is the part of the publication in which three hoards, indicated in its title, were presented. They were found in various places in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian region, hence the presentation of each deposit is preceded by highlighting the realities of the immediate environmental surroundings in which they were discovered. The hoard from Brudzyń was found near the Urstromtal depression of the Wełna River. The dominant varieties of the natural landscape in its surroundings are flat and undulating moraine plains situated on the upland, varied with glacial tunnel valleys, flat and undulating outwash plains and flat biogenic plains. In the past, these areas were forested, with the exception of lakes, the Wełna riverbed and zones of prehistoric settlement. In turn, the hoard from Elgiszewo was found on the south-eastern edges of Lake Okonin, located about 0.5 km north of the Drwęca River bend. On both sides of its Urstromtal, there are several varieties of the natural landscape. In the moraine heights there are flat and undulating plains. In the Urstromtal and the Drwęca River valley, more or less steep slopes, flat plains of erosion and accumulation terraces and flat floodplains attract attention. In numerous tunnel valleys there are slopes, terraces and bottoms of subglacial valleys with rivers and lake troughs. Most likely, the surroundings of the place where the hoard from Elgiszewo was deposited were forested, only stagnant and flowing waterbodies and small enclaves of local settlements were deforested. The hoard from Cierpice was discovered on a
sandy, dune elevation, a short distance from the southern edge of the Vistula River Urstromtal, in the vicinity of its tributary - Zielona Struga. The landscape context of this place is varied. On Urstromtal terraces, flat plains of erosion and accumulation terraces have formed, in places varied with dunes. On the river terraces of the Vistula there are accumulation plains with single dunes. The bottom of the Vistula River valley is occupied by flat floodplains and biogenic plains. These spatial components were covered with forests and other low-growth vegetation. The dominant element of the local landscape was the Vistula River, in prehistory much wider than today, but shallower, with numerous sandbanks, making it easier to cross its course on both sides. The hoard from Brudzyń consists of 112 metal artefacts, including 90 made of bronze and 22 of iron. The former are dominated by jewellery, including ring forms worn on the limbs and neck (multi-coil bracelets, open bracelets, necklaces, shin guards) and attached and sewn to clothing (brooches, pins, knobs with loops). The hoard also contained bronze axes (mostly socketed ones with loops), a staff weapon head, a miniature sickle, a small two-piece bit and the so-called a basket-shaped divider, once a tiny but essential part of a horse harness, probably originally equipped with a greater number of similar metal parts. The collection is complemented by small, damaged items, perhaps originally intended for remelting. Among the iron products, the sickles and parts of the horse bridle are noteworthy: two-element bits, in some
cases connected by links, also loose links and a single, hook-shaped catch with a disc. The iron items also included: a staff weapon head and knifes fragments preserved in the form of a blade, and sheaths with traces of wooden cladding. The hoard from Brudzyń is dated to the turn of the Bronze Age and Iron Age, with an indication to the beginning of the latter period (Ha C). The set of collected products is various not only in terms of the assortment, but also their origin. Some of them are probably of local, Greater Poland provenance, while others are imports from Silesia and Pomerania. The deposit was hidden during the existence of the Biskupin type settlements, perhaps during local conflicts between settlement groups of the Lusatian culture. The hoard from Elgiszewo consists of 34 bronze products and one stone disk (the so-called fluted stone). It is dominated by various pieces of jewellery worn by people (ring forms and a brooch) as well as horse harness ornaments (shields, so-called phalerae), moreover, there are tools (knife and mould) and metal vessel handles. It is difficult to clearly assess from where such a set of items could have found its way to the Drwęca River area. It is most likely that these products flowed into the lower Vistula River region from the south-west (Silesia, Greater Poland), during the period of intensified connections between the Chełmno Land and Pomerania. Most of these metal objects show traces of damage, both in the period close to their use (deliberate fragmentation, fractures and bends), and during many centuries of deposition. The fact
of the coexistence of jewellery and tools, despite their significant damage, is characteristic of inventories of similar assortment mixed finds from the area of the Lusatian culture, dated to the end of the Bronze Age and the older and younger phase of the early Iron Age. This phenomenon is well documented also for the hoards from the Pomeranian and eastern Greater Poland regions. The find can be interpreted as a deposit of a itinerant bronze producer or as a set of products ritually excluded from use. The hoard from Cierpice consists of 158 elements of horse bridle, in 174 fragments; there were distinguished two side pieces, three oval shields (so-called phalerae), four sets of connected rings (so-called clinkers) and numerous fittings for the bridle straps in the form of tubular sheet metal sockets and wire links. In addition to the aforementioned elements of the horse bridle, the set also includes a socketed axe with loop. While the latter probably has local provenance, the aforementioned horse bridle came from distant parts. Both the forms of the side pieces and the clinkers refer to the North European production during the period of the domination of the influence of the Nordic civilisation in the younger phase of the Bronze Age. In turn, the phalerae and numerous sheet metal sockets and wire links meet analogies in hoards and grave finds in southern Germany. This does not contradict the view of the northern provenance 164
Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. Hoards of the Lusatian culture from Brudzyń, Cierpice. of the Cierpice hoard, because decorative elements of based on the pollen data from the palynological profile the horse harness in the Danubian style in the younger collected from the edge of Lake Okonin, the nature Bronze Age are quite numerous in northern Europe and and variability of the vegetation in the period from the from there they arrived to Pomerania. The set of metal younger Stone Age to the turn of the Middle Ages and elements of the horse bridle, especially the presence of the early Post-medieval period, hence also for the turn of clinkers, evidences its use in ritual settings practiced in the Subboreal and Subatlantic periods, associated with the environment of the Nordic civilisation, but probably the younger phase of the Lusatian culture settlement not in the zone of the settlement of the Lusatian culture were reconstructed. In turn, from the metal objects on the Vistula River. Perhaps it is a deposit from afar, discovered in Cierpice, it was possible to obtain botanical hidden during local unrest, or intended to be remelted macroremains (grass and burdock leaves in which metal objects were wrapped) and zoological ones (fragments to cast new items. The third chapter presents the issues of of tanned animal skin of which the horse bridle straps archaeometallurgical and archaeobotanical research. were made). In the hoard from Brudzyń, phloem of the The former concern both bronze and iron products. In knife handles and traces of the deposit
packaging in the addition to typical analyses of the chemical composition form of wood and linen fabric were identified. of copper alloys, issues related to the production and use The last, fifth chapter presents the issues and results techniques of prehistoric objects were also elaborated. of conservation of metal artefacts. The publication Interesting research results are described in the second ends with three appendices containing the results part of this chapter, devoted to the archaeobotany of of soil science (Elgiszewo), radiocarbon dating and hoards. For the vicinity of the deposit from Elgiszewo, identification of animal collagen (Cierpice). |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| author2 | Gackowski, Jacek |
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| era | Vor- und Frühgeschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Vor- und Frühgeschichte |
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| geographic | Brudzyń (woj. kujawsko-pomorskie, pow. żniński, gm. Janowiec Wielkopolski) dbn Cierpice (woj. kujawsko-pomorskie, pow. toruński, gm. Wielka Nieszawka) dbn Elgiszewo (woj. kujawsko-pomorskie, pow. golubsko-dobrzyński, gm. Ciechocin) dbn Brudzyń (Polska, województwo kujawsko-pomorskie) / zabytki jhpk Woiwodschaft Kujawien-Pommern (DE-588)4596758-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Brudzyń (woj. kujawsko-pomorskie, pow. żniński, gm. Janowiec Wielkopolski) Cierpice (woj. kujawsko-pomorskie, pow. toruński, gm. Wielka Nieszawka) Elgiszewo (woj. kujawsko-pomorskie, pow. golubsko-dobrzyński, gm. Ciechocin) Brudzyń (Polska, województwo kujawsko-pomorskie) / zabytki Woiwodschaft Kujawien-Pommern |
| id | DE-604.BV048835042 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:36:14Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:47:19Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788365127860 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034100563 |
| oclc_num | 1372486013 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 167 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 31 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20230426 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Prace Archeologiczne / Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu |
| spelling | Pradziejowe cymelia województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego skarby ludności kultury łużyckiej z Brudzynia, Cierpic i Elgiszewa = Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship : hoards of the Lusatian culture from Brudzyń, Cierpice and Elgiszewo redakcja Jacek Gackowski, Sambor Gawiński, Mateusz Sosnowski, Henryk P. Dąbrowski ; Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Toruń Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu 2022 167 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 31 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Prace Archeologiczne / Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu nr 11 Vorwort und Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Vor- und Frühgeschichte gnd rswk-swf Epoka brązu dbn Epoka żelaza dbn Kultura łużycka dbn Metalurgia dbn Skarby dbn Stanowiska archeologiczne dbn Wyroby z metalu dbn Zabytki archeologiczne dbn Wykopaliska archeologiczne / Polska / Brudzyń (województwo kujawsko-pomorskie) jhpk Kultura łużycka / Polska / Brudzyń (województwo kujawsko-pomorskie) jhpk Metallurgie (DE-588)4074756-6 gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Brudzyń (woj. kujawsko-pomorskie, pow. żniński, gm. Janowiec Wielkopolski) dbn Cierpice (woj. kujawsko-pomorskie, pow. toruński, gm. Wielka Nieszawka) dbn Elgiszewo (woj. kujawsko-pomorskie, pow. golubsko-dobrzyński, gm. Ciechocin) dbn Brudzyń (Polska, województwo kujawsko-pomorskie) / zabytki jhpk Woiwodschaft Kujawien-Pommern (DE-588)4596758-1 gnd rswk-swf Woiwodschaft Kujawien-Pommern (DE-588)4596758-1 g Metallurgie (DE-588)4074756-6 s Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s Vor- und Frühgeschichte z DE-604 Gackowski, Jacek (DE-588)1248725646 edt Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu Prace Archeologiczne nr 11 (DE-604)BV000894855 11 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034100563&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034100563&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Pradziejowe cymelia województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego skarby ludności kultury łużyckiej z Brudzynia, Cierpic i Elgiszewa = Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship : hoards of the Lusatian culture from Brudzyń, Cierpice and Elgiszewo Epoka brązu dbn Epoka żelaza dbn Kultura łużycka dbn Metalurgia dbn Skarby dbn Stanowiska archeologiczne dbn Wyroby z metalu dbn Zabytki archeologiczne dbn Wykopaliska archeologiczne / Polska / Brudzyń (województwo kujawsko-pomorskie) jhpk Kultura łużycka / Polska / Brudzyń (województwo kujawsko-pomorskie) jhpk Metallurgie (DE-588)4074756-6 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4074756-6 (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4596758-1 |
| title | Pradziejowe cymelia województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego skarby ludności kultury łużyckiej z Brudzynia, Cierpic i Elgiszewa = Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship : hoards of the Lusatian culture from Brudzyń, Cierpice and Elgiszewo |
| title_alt | Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship |
| title_auth | Pradziejowe cymelia województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego skarby ludności kultury łużyckiej z Brudzynia, Cierpic i Elgiszewa = Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship : hoards of the Lusatian culture from Brudzyń, Cierpice and Elgiszewo |
| title_exact_search | Pradziejowe cymelia województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego skarby ludności kultury łużyckiej z Brudzynia, Cierpic i Elgiszewa = Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship : hoards of the Lusatian culture from Brudzyń, Cierpice and Elgiszewo |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Pradziejowe cymelia województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego skarby ludności kultury łużyckiej z Brudzynia, Cierpic i Elgiszewa = Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship : hoards of the Lusatian culture from Brudzyń, Cierpice and Elgiszewo |
| title_full | Pradziejowe cymelia województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego skarby ludności kultury łużyckiej z Brudzynia, Cierpic i Elgiszewa = Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship : hoards of the Lusatian culture from Brudzyń, Cierpice and Elgiszewo redakcja Jacek Gackowski, Sambor Gawiński, Mateusz Sosnowski, Henryk P. Dąbrowski ; Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu |
| title_fullStr | Pradziejowe cymelia województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego skarby ludności kultury łużyckiej z Brudzynia, Cierpic i Elgiszewa = Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship : hoards of the Lusatian culture from Brudzyń, Cierpice and Elgiszewo redakcja Jacek Gackowski, Sambor Gawiński, Mateusz Sosnowski, Henryk P. Dąbrowski ; Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pradziejowe cymelia województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego skarby ludności kultury łużyckiej z Brudzynia, Cierpic i Elgiszewa = Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship : hoards of the Lusatian culture from Brudzyń, Cierpice and Elgiszewo redakcja Jacek Gackowski, Sambor Gawiński, Mateusz Sosnowski, Henryk P. Dąbrowski ; Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu |
| title_short | Pradziejowe cymelia województwa kujawsko-pomorskiego |
| title_sort | pradziejowe cymelia wojewodztwa kujawsko pomorskiego skarby ludnosci kultury luzyckiej z brudzynia cierpic i elgiszewa prehistoric wonders of the kuyavian pomeranian voivodeship hoards of the lusatian culture from brudzyn cierpice and elgiszewo |
| title_sub | skarby ludności kultury łużyckiej z Brudzynia, Cierpic i Elgiszewa = Prehistoric wonders of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship : hoards of the Lusatian culture from Brudzyń, Cierpice and Elgiszewo |
| topic | Epoka brązu dbn Epoka żelaza dbn Kultura łużycka dbn Metalurgia dbn Skarby dbn Stanowiska archeologiczne dbn Wyroby z metalu dbn Zabytki archeologiczne dbn Wykopaliska archeologiczne / Polska / Brudzyń (województwo kujawsko-pomorskie) jhpk Kultura łużycka / Polska / Brudzyń (województwo kujawsko-pomorskie) jhpk Metallurgie (DE-588)4074756-6 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Epoka brązu Epoka żelaza Kultura łużycka Metalurgia Skarby Stanowiska archeologiczne Wyroby z metalu Zabytki archeologiczne Wykopaliska archeologiczne / Polska / Brudzyń (województwo kujawsko-pomorskie) Kultura łużycka / Polska / Brudzyń (województwo kujawsko-pomorskie) Metallurgie Funde Ausgrabung Brudzyń (woj. kujawsko-pomorskie, pow. żniński, gm. Janowiec Wielkopolski) Cierpice (woj. kujawsko-pomorskie, pow. toruński, gm. Wielka Nieszawka) Elgiszewo (woj. kujawsko-pomorskie, pow. golubsko-dobrzyński, gm. Ciechocin) Brudzyń (Polska, województwo kujawsko-pomorskie) / zabytki Woiwodschaft Kujawien-Pommern |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034100563&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034100563&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000894855 |
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