"Pro refrigerio animae": death and memory in East-Central Europe: fourteenth–nineteenth centuries
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Contents List of Contributors viii Introduction 1 PART 1 Death and Funerary Practices 1 Death and Dying in Ottoman Bosnia: Cultural Responses, Before and After (1463-1878) 13 15 AMILA BUTUROVlC 2 The Cult of the Dead in Moldavia (Seventeenth-Early Nineteenth Centuries): Between Liturgical Norm and Social Practice 32 PETRONEL ZAHARIUC 3 “The Last Passage”: Commemorative Discourse and Practices in the Testaments of Merchants (Wallachia, Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries) 52 GHEORGHE LAZÄR PART 2 Testaments, Property, and Family 4 From Fear of Death to the Salvation of the Soul and Eternal Life: Reasons for Composing Last Wills in the East Adriatic (Thirteenth-Fifteenth Centuries) ZORAN LADlC 69 71
vi Contents 5 Demise Far from Home: Testaments of Ragusans Who Died in Bulgarian Lands in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries 97 PENKA DANOVA AND ELENA KOSTOVA 6 “For a Christian Ending to Our Life”: Church Endowments, Commemoration, and Tomb Purchases in Albania and the West Balkans (Thirteenth-Nineteenth Centuries) 114 KONSTANTINOS GIAKOUMIS 7 Families without Children: Testamentary Norms and Practices among Moldavian Boyars (Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries) 143 ELENA BEDREAG AND MIHAI MIRZA 8 Strategies of Succession in the Testaments of the Cantacuzino Family (Wallachia, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries) 167 MARIANA LAZÄR 9 Between Material and Spiritual Memoria'. Last Wills and Testaments in Late Medieval Transylvania (Fifteenth-Mid-Sixteenth Centuries) 186 MÄRIA LUPESCU MAKÖ PART 3 Funerary Art, Monuments, and Memorialization 227 10 Dead but Not Departed: The Consolation of the Dangerous Gaze - Funerary Portraits in Early Modern Poland and Roman Egypt 229 JEANNIE LABNO 11 Portraying the Dead in Early Modern Hungarian and Polish Funerary Traditions 248 ALEKSANDRA KOUTNY-JONES 12 “The Death of the Righteous”: Agency, Memory, Self-Representation, and Identity in Transylvanian Medieval Altarpieces MARIA CRÄCIUN 266
Contents 13 Moldavian Eighteenth-Century Diptychs: Prosopographic Sources for Social History vii 291 MIHAI-BOGDAN ATANASIU 14 Princely Necropoles of Moldavia (Fifteenth-Sixteenth Centuries) 306 MARIA MAGDALENA SZEKELY 15 Lost Monuments: The “Death” of Family Necropoles in Medieval Moldavia 317 STEFAN S. GOROVEI Appendix Index 333 339
Index ab intestato (succession) 146, 152, 161 Abaza, Andrei 319 adoption (Ro “a lua de suflet") 5, 157-9, 161, 242, 260 agency 266-84 Albania 4, 84, 114-42, 333 Alberti, Leon Battista 233 Alexandru cel Bun (prince of Moldavia) 306-11, 317 altarpieces 200, 201, 266, 267, 269-71, 273-6, 278, 280, 283, 284 Anastasia 58, 307-9 Andrew II 270 Antim Ivireanul (Anthimos of Iviria, metropolitan of Wallachia) 33, 53, 167 Anthony de Teodoris (notary) 77 Apafi, Mihäly 193, 204, 222 Apostol, Lazaru (merchant from Wallachia) 58 artefacts 2, 266, 268, 269, 271-3, 278, 283-5 Asen, Ivan II 99 Asen, Michael II 99 Bal?, Anita 37 Bals, Ion 41-2 Bal?, Lupu 42 Bälu(ä, Ioan (merchant in Oltenia, Wallachia) 2, 56, 59, 61 Basarab, Matei (prince of Wallachia) 169, 170 basma (kerchief) 56 Bathory, Istvan 248 Bathory, Stefan 238, 250, 254, 258-60 benefactors 189, 190, 194, 196, 197, 201, 292, 293, 295, 297-300, 306, 309 Berat 115, 118, 131, 133-4 Bierbrier 240 Biertan 271, 274, 276, 281 Bisericani (monastery in Moldavia) 297, 299, 318, 324-5 Bistri(a (monastery in Moldavia) 192, 272-3, 294, 299, 301, 306-11 Body, anxiety and 57-60 bogasiu 39 Bogdan III (prince of Moldavia) 306-8, 310 Boniface VIII 82 Bosnia 15-20, 22-9, 195, 335 Bosnian Muslims 20, 22, 23 Braclawski, Feliks Konstanty 260 Bräncoveanu Constantin (prince of Walachia, r. 1688-1714) 171, 177-8 Bra?ov (city in Transylvania; Ger. Kronstadt) 61, 198, 274 breviarium testamenti 77, 78, 82, 83, 87, 88 Bucharest 57-9, 61, 169, 170, 172, 174, 179, 327 Budapest 118 Bulgaria (lands) 4, 55, 58, 99, 102, 104, 106-8 Burattini, Livio 241 burial 191-200
burial place 116, 117, 191, 192,194, 203, 267, 269, 273-5 burial sites 5-9, 57-9, 193, 194, 269, 274, 275, 306, 308 Callimachi, Ruxandra 40 Cämpina (city in Wallachia) 58 Cämpulung (city in Wallachia) 58 Cantacuzino estate 170, 172, 174, 177, 178, 180 Cantacuzino family: testaments of 167-85
340 Index Cantacuzino, Andronic 167-8 Cantacuzino, Constantin (postelnic) 168-73, 179-80 Cantacuzino, Dräghici 168, 170-4, 177, 178 Cantacuzino, Ecaterina 36 Cantacuzino, Elina 5, 170, 172-4, 177, 179-80 Cantacuzino, Gheorghe 178 Cantacuzino, Ioan 36 Cantacuzino, lordache 37-8, 317 Cantacuzino, Mihai 58, 168, 180 Cantacuzino, Ruxandra 179 Cantacuzino, §tefan (prince of Wallachia) 179 Cantacuzino, Todera§co 325 Cantacuzino, Toma 148, 325 Cantacuzinos 5, 167-75, 177, 178, 180 Cantemir, Dimitrie (prince of Moldavia) 40, 42 care of the soul 146, 147, 155, 156, 160 Carp, Vasile 36 catafalque portraits 7, 249, 255-60 cemeteries 2, 7, 15, 25,42, 44, 117,195-8 chalices 191, 200-5, 276, 281 chantries 190, 192, 199, 205-10 chapel 6, 108, 197-200, 204, 205, 209, 269, 273 churches 37, 42, 58, 59, 61, 62, 118, 125, 128, 133, 156, 160, 194, 270, 271, 274, 307, 318, 320, 324; burial 117, 191, 194, 317; diptychs 292, 318; donations 114, 135; endowment of 159-60; endowments 114-42; graveyard 83, 192; hierarchs 167, 297, 299; interments 319; property 127, 133, 134, 299 class 71-3 Cluj-Napoca, city in Transylvania see Kolozsvar coat of arms 192, 197, 253, 258, 267, 270-2, 274, 275, 278 coffin portraits 231-3, 249-56, 258-60 Cogälniceanu, Gheorghe 32, 36, 43 Col(ea (monastery in Bucharest) 58 commemoration 2, 34-9, 42, 43, 114-42, 233 commemorative culture 25-8 commemorative discourse 52-67 commemorative rites 2, 5, 8, 32, 35, 43, 44, 155-60, 300, 302 communal statutory laws 71-3 commune of Rab 72, 82, 84, 85, 88 Constantin (merchant in Wallachia; son of the merchant Maxim) 5, 55, 58-9, 61-2,
147, 151, 155-6, 168-80, 320 Constantine I 116 Constantinople 99, 117, 130, 173-6, 208 Co?ula Monastery 322 Cracow 7, 255, 259, 272 Craiova 56, 57, 59-62, 169, 170 Cre(ulescu (church in Bucharest) 58 Croatia, Dalmatia 333-4 Cyprus 310 damnatio memoriae 8, 233, 299 dangerous gaze 233-7 Danube 37, 58-9 Därasca Arghira 53, 56 death: Bosnian Muslims and 20-5; liminality of 237-8; practices 1-3; spectacle of 54-7; in theory and method 16-19 death-related capital formation 132-4 death-related rituals 16, 134 delia 252 departure 21, 22, 74, 80, 81, 83-5, 87 Dionysios (patriarch of Constantinople) 173, 176-7 Dionysiou (monastery on Mount Athos) 34 diptychs 7, 8, 129, 130, 291-5, 297-302 direct heirs 4, 5, 106, 147, 151, 161 disinterment 36, 43, 44, 60 documents 32-5, 39-40, 52-6, 72-3, 77-8, 99-102, 104-5, 107, 119, 125-8, 133-4, 145-8,150-1,157-9, 167-9, 176-7, 291-2, 297-8, 306, 309; chancellery 145; complementary 193; earlier Slavo-Romanian 34; fifteenth-century 106; important legal private 72; Romanian 34; written court 151 dodekaria (Turkish coinage) 57 Dolje?ti (monastery in Moldavia) 293, 297, 317 Dominican order 195-6 Donat de Saladinis 76 donations 3, 101-3, 116, 128, 131, 133, 146, 160, 189, 190, 194, 201, 202, 292, 297, 298, 306 donor portraits 7, 268, 275, 278, 279 Dositheos (patriarch of Jerusalem; 1669-1707) 58, 176, 177
Index Doukas, Michael I Komnenos 99 dowries 104, 106, 148, 152, 159, 169, 171, 172, 174, 177-9 Dragomirna (monastery in Moldavia) 318, 319 Dubrovnik/Ragusa 76, 80, 82, 83, 98, 99, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 334-5 Dubrovnik’s agreements 98-100 Duca, Gheorghe (prince of Wallachia and Moldavia) 173 East Adriatic communes 3,71-96; reasons for composing last wills 73-88 epitrop (trustee) 59 Erdely, Janos 199-200, 203, 206, 273 Eustratie 170 expenses 32, 34, 35, 38-44, 156, 190, 191 Fabri, Antal 190 families 3-8, 32, 41, 42, 132, 143, 145, 148, 153, 158, 161, 174, 179, 180, 192, 258, 307, 318; necropoles 317-32; without children 143-66 Farkas (family) 194, 199 fear of death 71, 73-5, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89 florins 200, 204, 206, 207, 209, 211 friars 75, 186, 189, 190, 195, 196, 200, 201, 203-6, 211, 274, 275 funerals 7, 35, 42, 43, 55, 56, 132, 155, 156, 193, 209, 210, 230, 254, 259, 260; expenses 38, 41, 42; feast 34, 35, 38, 40 funerary art 6-9 funerary chapels 198, 270, 273 funerary customs 116-32 funerary portraits 229-42, 309, 310 funerary practices 1-3 funerary prayers 23 funerary slabs 118, 319, 320, 325, 327 funerary space 124, 125, 311, 312, 318 Fusea Negoi(ä (merchant inTargovijte, Wallachia) 58 Galata (monastery in Moldavia) 299 Gameren, Tylman van 254 garments 41, 62, 199-203, 250, 253 gender 3, 4, 71-3 Ghica, Grigore (prince of Wallachia) 174 Gjirokastra 116, 129 Golia (monastery from Moldavia; donation to ~) 159, 318 341 good death 255, 283, 284 gravesites 22, 24, 26 gravestones 8, 25-8, 320 graveyard 26, 27, 125, 196-8, 204, 318 Greff, Lucas 272 Gregorias
(metropolitan of loannina) 81-2 Guglingen, Paul Walter 80 Hagi Constantin Ioan (merchant in Wallachia) 62 Hagi Constantin Malache 59, 61, 64 Hagi Gheorghe Ioan (merchant in Wallachia) 59 Holy Land 80-2, 240 Horväth-Stansith, Katalin 256 Hudici, Bejan 38 Humor (monastery from Moldavia) 299, 309 Hungary 6, 8, 187-8, 190, 192, 194, 196, 248-50, 252, 256, 259-60 lacov Putneanul (metropolitan of Moldavia) 299 Ia?i 37, 40, 42-4, 146, 157, 159, 294, 299-300, 318, 325-6 icon-protheses 115, 129, 130, 135 Ilhami, Abdulvehab 20 Ilia$ Rare? (prince of Moldavia) 299 Ilinca (wife of the draper Mihai) 55, 58, 61, 147, 149, 152, 160, 176, 178 ill testators 78, 82 Illeshäzy, Gaspar 257, 258 inheritance 100, 104, 146-50, 152, 156, 158, 171, 173, 175, 178, 179 inscriptions 26, 27, 117, 118, 270-2, 278, 279, 282, 298, 308, 320, 326, 327 loannina 117-18, 129 i^lic (tk. Bajlik) 56 Istria 72, 77, 80, 85, 88 Jerusalem 26, 36-7, 58, 80-1, 103, 174-7 Kärolyi, Ferenc 254-5 Karotus, Vitale 78-9, 81, 83-4, 87 Klausenburg see Kolozsvar Kolozsvar (Ro. Cluj-Napoca, Ger, Klausenburg) 186, 190, 193, 196, 199-204, 207-9, 211 kolpak 254 Kronstadt see Brasov ktetors (founders) 57, 117, 125, 293-4, 297, 307, 318, 324-5
342 Index kuru^ 124-7, 133-4 last wills 3, 4, 71-5, 77, 81-4, 86, 186, 192; in late Medieval Transylvania 186-225 last wills, composing reasons 73-88; joining army and departure to war 83-5; medical reasons and plague epidemics 85-8; old age 78-9; pilgrimages 79-83; testators, health condition 76-8 Leipzig 39, 57 Leliceni 269, 280 Libya 238 long diptych 292-4, 298, 299, 301 Louis ɪl (king of Hungary) 248 Ludescu, Stoica 172, 176 Ludwig, Ernst 256 Madona Dudu (church in Craiova) 57, 59, 62 Mäläncrav 193, 269-70, 275, 278, 280 male heirs 171, 172, 178, 180 Märgineni (monastery from Wallachia) 168-70, 174, 180 Marino Federico de Gondola 102, 106 Marulic, Mark 74 material memories 201-10 Matthias Corvinus (king of Hungary) 203 Mavrocordat, Nicolae (prince of Walachia) 179 memorial practice 187-91 memorialization 6-9 mendicant convents 191, 273 metropolitan church 42, 125, 133, 144, 326, 327 Mihai (draper of Wallachia) 53-5, 58-9, 61, 168, 170-2, 174-9 Mihnea III (prince of Wallachia) 172 Miräuji 306 Miron Barnovschi ((prince of Moldavia) 299 Misail, metropolitan of Moldavia 33 Mistras 310 Mohäcs 190, 248 Moldavia 337; cult of dead 32-51; liturgical norm and social practice 32-51; princely necropoles of 306-16 Moldavian Boyars 143-66; collateral relatives 152-3; court hearings and contestations 150-2; patrimonial succession 147; patrimony vs. conservation of family memory, alienation 152-3; reconciliation and testamentary exclusion 153-4; sociopolitical context 144-5; sources 145; time of death, bequests 146-7; widow, status 148-9; widowhood and reciprocal wills 147-8 Moldavian
eighteenth-century diptychs 291-305 Moldovi(a (monastery from Moldavia) 294-5, 299, 310 monasteries 36, 37, 43, 58, 101, 115, 125, 129, 130, 132, 134, 152, 159, 160, 170, 293 monuments 6-9 Mount Athos 337 Mount Sinai (monastery Saint Catherine) 241 Movilä, leremia (prince of Moldavia) 35 mummies 230, 232, 233, 235, 237 mummy portraits 232, 240, 241 Murad II 99-100 Nagyszeben (Ro. Sibiu, Ger. Hermannstadt) 203 necropoles 8, 9, 306, 307, 309-12, 318-20, 325 Neculce, Ion 36 Nica Papa (merchant and money-lender of Wallachia 58 Nicholas de Gallelis 86 Nicole de Cherach (Nicola CHerachovich) 104 notaries 71, 72, 76-9, 83, 85-8 Oltenia 2, 56, 61-2, 170, 180 Opalihski, Krzysztof 258-9 Ottoman Bosnia 1, 15,17, 19, 21,23, 25, 27; cultural responses 15-31; death and dying in 15-31; health and death in 19-20 Padua 7, 78, 81, 172, 272, 280, 285 Palade, Constantin 147 Palade, Ilinca (wife of Constantin Palade) 37, 43 Palade, Maria 153, 158 Palade, Teodor 38, 147 Palaiologos, Andronikos 149
Index Palestine 80, 117 Panä (merchant of Wallachia, husband of Maria) 62 Panä (son of the merchant Panä Pepano) 64n42 Pantokrator (monastery of Mount Athos) 125 parish churches 5, 7, 115, 132, 134, 191, 193, 194, 197, 198, 266, 270, 271, 273, 280 parish priests 7, 74, 75, 77, 195, 196, 270-2, 274, 279, 280, 283, 285 partea sufletului (part of the soul) 33 Päsztor, Lajos 207 patronage 7, 207, 268, 271 Pepano, Panä (merchant of Wallachia, father of Panä) 64n42 Petru Rare? (prince of Moldavia) 35, 307-10 Philip II, Duke 256 pictorial programs 7, 266, 268, 272, 275, 276, 279-81, 284, 285 pilgrimages 79-83, 89, 101, 103, 174, 175, 204 pilgrims 75, 80, 82, 83, 207, 240 pious donations 101-3, 197, 204, 211 plague 86-8, 102, 157, 192, 193; epidemics 85-9, 157 plebanus 270-2, 274 pogrebanie (si. pogrebanije = burial) 54 Poland 6, 237, 238, 240, 241, 248-50, 252-5, 258-60, 335-6 Polish coffin portraits 6, 229, 238, 240, 242, 254; origins of 240-1; prototypes of 238-40 Polish funeral rituals 229-33 pomelnic (diptych) 292-4, 324 Popovici Cernea (merchant of Wallachia) 59 Porteous, Robert 249 portrait images 233, 234 portraits 229-31, 233-5, 237, 241, 242, 249, 250, 253, 258, 275, 310; as mirrors of the soul 237 portraiture 239, 269 post-mortem commemorations 60-2 power of images 233 Präjescu, Nastasia 320 priests 33, 37, 38, 42, 43, 77, 126, 131, 157, 194, 195, 292, 299-301 private legal documents 72, 77 Probota (monastery from Moldavia) 294, 306, 309 343 property 3-6, 99, 100, 105, 106, 126-8, 145, 152, 153, 170, 180 prosopographic sources 291-305 protimisis (the family rights of
pre emption) 146 Putna (monastery from Moldavia) 293 Racovi(ä, Mihai (prince of Moldavia) 324 Rädäu(i 38, 294, 306-11, 317, 324 Radu $erban (prince of Wallachia) 168-70 Räducanu 61 Ragusan wills 100, 101, 105, 107, 108; form, structure, and clauses 100-1; heirs and executors 105-6; legalization 107-8; salvation of soul, donations 101-3; testators’ property status and donated property 103-5 Ragusans 99, 100, 103-8; in Bulgarian lands 97-113 Rämnicu Valcea (city of Oltenia, Wallachia) Rämnicu Särat (city of Wallachia); monastery at ~) 58, 62 real estate properties 156, 170, 172, 178 Reghin 269-70, 272-3 representations: multiplicity of 259-62 resurrection 18, 128, 237, 284 Roman-Egyptian mummy portraits 6, 234, 238, 241 Romanian lands 3, 8, 33, 55, 60, 143, 144, 149, 167, 168, 325, 326, 336-7 Romanov (dynasty) 130 Rome 81-2, 103, 172, 204, 240 Ruset, Catrina 33, 36, 41 Ruset, Dracachi 36 Ruset, Ecaterina 44 Ruset, lordache 37, 324 Ruset, Neculai 44 Russia 130, 179-80 Rzewuski, Walery 250 Salerno 78 salvation 2, 3, 15, 73-5, 79, 89, 101, 102, 187, 190, 205, 206, 209, 283, 284 salvation of soul 73-4 sandal 39, 259 Sanders, Thomas 274 Sarachino, Thomaso 101 sarindare (= prayers) 36-8, 42, 61
344 Index Scanderbeg, George Castriota 135 Schässburg see Segesvän Schmiddeli, Daniel 254 Segesvär (Ro. Sighijoara, Ger. Schässburg) 187, 189, 190, 195, 196 self-representation 266-84 Sevin, Pierre Paul 248 short diptychs 292, 293, 298, 301 Sibiu 190, 266, 270, 273, 275; see also Hermannstadt and Nagyszeben Sighijoara see Segesvän Sinas, Georgios 127 skete (Ro schit) 37, 43, 58, 292, 299, 327 Slatina (monastery in Moldavia) 306, 310, 319 Sofia 101-2, 107-8 Solca (monastery in Moldavia) 295, 297, 299, 319 soul child 37, 147, 157-9 spiritual/liturgical memoria 201-10 spi(erie 43 Stanislawska, Anna 252 statutory laws 71-3, 77 stecaks 26 Stephano Martolo de Latiniza 107 Stipanic, Peter 77 Sturza, Costache 158 Sturza, Ion 299 succession: strategies of 167-85 Suceava 34, 294, 306, 308, 317 Sucevi(a (monastery from Moldavia) 292, 295, 299 Süleyman the Magnificent 248 superstructure 266, 281, 283, 284 Syria 234, 238, 240 Szekler 203 szkofia 250, 254 szlachta 252-3, 259 §endrea (portar) 317 §oldan, Dumitra?co 320 §oldan, Safta 320 §oldan, Vasile 320 Stefan cel Mare (Stephan the Great; prince of Moldavia) 35, 306 Stefani(ä (prince of Moldavia) 35 Wallachia 52-4, 56, 58, 61, 62, 130, 167-71, 174, 176 Warsaw 251, 259 wax lanterns (Ro. faclii de ceard) 57 West Balkans 114-42 widow 148-52, 156, 157, 160, 172, 177, 198, 200, 202 will writing: democratization of 71-3 wills of testators 76, 83 Woysza, Stanislaw 231 taclit (tk. Taklit = a small rug) 57 Targovi§te (city of Wallachia) 58, 61, 169, 170, 173 testamentary norms 143-66 testaments 3-6, 32-5, 37-9, 52-7, 62, Zadar 3, 72, 77, 78, 80,
81, 83, 86, 87, 98 Zervat 128-30 Zographou (monastery at Mount Athos) 35 Zrinyi, Miklos 257 100, 106, 145, 147, 153, 154; of Cantacuzino family 167-85; in late Medieval Transylvania 186-225; of merchants 52-67; of Ragusans 97-113 testators 54, 60, 71-7, 79, 80, 83, 101-4, 106, 155,159,188; social network 156-7 thaler 34, 54-6, 58-61 Theodosius II 241 Three Hierarchs (Trei lerarhi), Monastery of ~ 159, 326 tomb purchases 114—42 tombstones 28, 43, 269, 274, 307, 308, 317, 320, 325, 327 Transylvania 61, 338 Transylvanian Medieval altarpieces 266-84 Transylvanian voivode 203 trimoiria (juridical concept, the surviving spouse would receive one third of the family estate) 128 Universitas Saxonum 270 Uricarul, Axinte 33 Värnav, Miron 33 Vasile Lupu (prince of Moldavia, 1634—1653) 148-9 Vasile Panopol (1881) 326 Vatopedi (monastery at Mount Athos) 310 visual cultures 249, 260 visual expression 280-3 Vorone) (monastery in Moldavia) 294, 310, 318 Bayerische " ) Steatobibllothek I München J |
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Contents List of Contributors viii Introduction 1 PART 1 Death and Funerary Practices 1 Death and Dying in Ottoman Bosnia: Cultural Responses, Before and After (1463-1878) 13 15 AMILA BUTUROVlC 2 The Cult of the Dead in Moldavia (Seventeenth-Early Nineteenth Centuries): Between Liturgical Norm and Social Practice 32 PETRONEL ZAHARIUC 3 “The Last Passage”: Commemorative Discourse and Practices in the Testaments of Merchants (Wallachia, Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries) 52 GHEORGHE LAZÄR PART 2 Testaments, Property, and Family 4 From Fear of Death to the Salvation of the Soul and Eternal Life: Reasons for Composing Last Wills in the East Adriatic (Thirteenth-Fifteenth Centuries) ZORAN LADlC 69 71
vi Contents 5 Demise Far from Home: Testaments of Ragusans Who Died in Bulgarian Lands in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries 97 PENKA DANOVA AND ELENA KOSTOVA 6 “For a Christian Ending to Our Life”: Church Endowments, Commemoration, and Tomb Purchases in Albania and the West Balkans (Thirteenth-Nineteenth Centuries) 114 KONSTANTINOS GIAKOUMIS 7 Families without Children: Testamentary Norms and Practices among Moldavian Boyars (Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries) 143 ELENA BEDREAG AND MIHAI MIRZA 8 Strategies of Succession in the Testaments of the Cantacuzino Family (Wallachia, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries) 167 MARIANA LAZÄR 9 Between Material and Spiritual Memoria'. Last Wills and Testaments in Late Medieval Transylvania (Fifteenth-Mid-Sixteenth Centuries) 186 MÄRIA LUPESCU MAKÖ PART 3 Funerary Art, Monuments, and Memorialization 227 10 Dead but Not Departed: The Consolation of the Dangerous Gaze - Funerary Portraits in Early Modern Poland and Roman Egypt 229 JEANNIE LABNO 11 Portraying the Dead in Early Modern Hungarian and Polish Funerary Traditions 248 ALEKSANDRA KOUTNY-JONES 12 “The Death of the Righteous”: Agency, Memory, Self-Representation, and Identity in Transylvanian Medieval Altarpieces MARIA CRÄCIUN 266
Contents 13 Moldavian Eighteenth-Century Diptychs: Prosopographic Sources for Social History vii 291 MIHAI-BOGDAN ATANASIU 14 Princely Necropoles of Moldavia (Fifteenth-Sixteenth Centuries) 306 MARIA MAGDALENA SZEKELY 15 Lost Monuments: The “Death” of Family Necropoles in Medieval Moldavia 317 STEFAN S. GOROVEI Appendix Index 333 339
Index ab intestato (succession) 146, 152, 161 Abaza, Andrei 319 adoption (Ro “a lua de suflet") 5, 157-9, 161, 242, 260 agency 266-84 Albania 4, 84, 114-42, 333 Alberti, Leon Battista 233 Alexandru cel Bun (prince of Moldavia) 306-11, 317 altarpieces 200, 201, 266, 267, 269-71, 273-6, 278, 280, 283, 284 Anastasia 58, 307-9 Andrew II 270 Antim Ivireanul (Anthimos of Iviria, metropolitan of Wallachia) 33, 53, 167 Anthony de Teodoris (notary) 77 Apafi, Mihäly 193, 204, 222 Apostol, Lazaru (merchant from Wallachia) 58 artefacts 2, 266, 268, 269, 271-3, 278, 283-5 Asen, Ivan II 99 Asen, Michael II 99 Bal?, Anita 37 Bals, Ion 41-2 Bal?, Lupu 42 Bälu(ä, Ioan (merchant in Oltenia, Wallachia) 2, 56, 59, 61 Basarab, Matei (prince of Wallachia) 169, 170 basma (kerchief) 56 Bathory, Istvan 248 Bathory, Stefan 238, 250, 254, 258-60 benefactors 189, 190, 194, 196, 197, 201, 292, 293, 295, 297-300, 306, 309 Berat 115, 118, 131, 133-4 Bierbrier 240 Biertan 271, 274, 276, 281 Bisericani (monastery in Moldavia) 297, 299, 318, 324-5 Bistri(a (monastery in Moldavia) 192, 272-3, 294, 299, 301, 306-11 Body, anxiety and 57-60 bogasiu 39 Bogdan III (prince of Moldavia) 306-8, 310 Boniface VIII 82 Bosnia 15-20, 22-9, 195, 335 Bosnian Muslims 20, 22, 23 Braclawski, Feliks Konstanty 260 Bräncoveanu Constantin (prince of Walachia, r. 1688-1714) 171, 177-8 Bra?ov (city in Transylvania; Ger. Kronstadt) 61, 198, 274 breviarium testamenti 77, 78, 82, 83, 87, 88 Bucharest 57-9, 61, 169, 170, 172, 174, 179, 327 Budapest 118 Bulgaria (lands) 4, 55, 58, 99, 102, 104, 106-8 Burattini, Livio 241 burial 191-200
burial place 116, 117, 191, 192,194, 203, 267, 269, 273-5 burial sites 5-9, 57-9, 193, 194, 269, 274, 275, 306, 308 Callimachi, Ruxandra 40 Cämpina (city in Wallachia) 58 Cämpulung (city in Wallachia) 58 Cantacuzino estate 170, 172, 174, 177, 178, 180 Cantacuzino family: testaments of 167-85
340 Index Cantacuzino, Andronic 167-8 Cantacuzino, Constantin (postelnic) 168-73, 179-80 Cantacuzino, Dräghici 168, 170-4, 177, 178 Cantacuzino, Ecaterina 36 Cantacuzino, Elina 5, 170, 172-4, 177, 179-80 Cantacuzino, Gheorghe 178 Cantacuzino, Ioan 36 Cantacuzino, lordache 37-8, 317 Cantacuzino, Mihai 58, 168, 180 Cantacuzino, Ruxandra 179 Cantacuzino, §tefan (prince of Wallachia) 179 Cantacuzino, Todera§co 325 Cantacuzino, Toma 148, 325 Cantacuzinos 5, 167-75, 177, 178, 180 Cantemir, Dimitrie (prince of Moldavia) 40, 42 care of the soul 146, 147, 155, 156, 160 Carp, Vasile 36 catafalque portraits 7, 249, 255-60 cemeteries 2, 7, 15, 25,42, 44, 117,195-8 chalices 191, 200-5, 276, 281 chantries 190, 192, 199, 205-10 chapel 6, 108, 197-200, 204, 205, 209, 269, 273 churches 37, 42, 58, 59, 61, 62, 118, 125, 128, 133, 156, 160, 194, 270, 271, 274, 307, 318, 320, 324; burial 117, 191, 194, 317; diptychs 292, 318; donations 114, 135; endowment of 159-60; endowments 114-42; graveyard 83, 192; hierarchs 167, 297, 299; interments 319; property 127, 133, 134, 299 class 71-3 Cluj-Napoca, city in Transylvania see Kolozsvar coat of arms 192, 197, 253, 258, 267, 270-2, 274, 275, 278 coffin portraits 231-3, 249-56, 258-60 Cogälniceanu, Gheorghe 32, 36, 43 Col(ea (monastery in Bucharest) 58 commemoration 2, 34-9, 42, 43, 114-42, 233 commemorative culture 25-8 commemorative discourse 52-67 commemorative rites 2, 5, 8, 32, 35, 43, 44, 155-60, 300, 302 communal statutory laws 71-3 commune of Rab 72, 82, 84, 85, 88 Constantin (merchant in Wallachia; son of the merchant Maxim) 5, 55, 58-9, 61-2,
147, 151, 155-6, 168-80, 320 Constantine I 116 Constantinople 99, 117, 130, 173-6, 208 Co?ula Monastery 322 Cracow 7, 255, 259, 272 Craiova 56, 57, 59-62, 169, 170 Cre(ulescu (church in Bucharest) 58 Croatia, Dalmatia 333-4 Cyprus 310 damnatio memoriae 8, 233, 299 dangerous gaze 233-7 Danube 37, 58-9 Därasca Arghira 53, 56 death: Bosnian Muslims and 20-5; liminality of 237-8; practices 1-3; spectacle of 54-7; in theory and method 16-19 death-related capital formation 132-4 death-related rituals 16, 134 delia 252 departure 21, 22, 74, 80, 81, 83-5, 87 Dionysios (patriarch of Constantinople) 173, 176-7 Dionysiou (monastery on Mount Athos) 34 diptychs 7, 8, 129, 130, 291-5, 297-302 direct heirs 4, 5, 106, 147, 151, 161 disinterment 36, 43, 44, 60 documents 32-5, 39-40, 52-6, 72-3, 77-8, 99-102, 104-5, 107, 119, 125-8, 133-4, 145-8,150-1,157-9, 167-9, 176-7, 291-2, 297-8, 306, 309; chancellery 145; complementary 193; earlier Slavo-Romanian 34; fifteenth-century 106; important legal private 72; Romanian 34; written court 151 dodekaria (Turkish coinage) 57 Dolje?ti (monastery in Moldavia) 293, 297, 317 Dominican order 195-6 Donat de Saladinis 76 donations 3, 101-3, 116, 128, 131, 133, 146, 160, 189, 190, 194, 201, 202, 292, 297, 298, 306 donor portraits 7, 268, 275, 278, 279 Dositheos (patriarch of Jerusalem; 1669-1707) 58, 176, 177
Index Doukas, Michael I Komnenos 99 dowries 104, 106, 148, 152, 159, 169, 171, 172, 174, 177-9 Dragomirna (monastery in Moldavia) 318, 319 Dubrovnik/Ragusa 76, 80, 82, 83, 98, 99, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 334-5 Dubrovnik’s agreements 98-100 Duca, Gheorghe (prince of Wallachia and Moldavia) 173 East Adriatic communes 3,71-96; reasons for composing last wills 73-88 epitrop (trustee) 59 Erdely, Janos 199-200, 203, 206, 273 Eustratie 170 expenses 32, 34, 35, 38-44, 156, 190, 191 Fabri, Antal 190 families 3-8, 32, 41, 42, 132, 143, 145, 148, 153, 158, 161, 174, 179, 180, 192, 258, 307, 318; necropoles 317-32; without children 143-66 Farkas (family) 194, 199 fear of death 71, 73-5, 77, 79, 81, 83, 85, 87, 89 florins 200, 204, 206, 207, 209, 211 friars 75, 186, 189, 190, 195, 196, 200, 201, 203-6, 211, 274, 275 funerals 7, 35, 42, 43, 55, 56, 132, 155, 156, 193, 209, 210, 230, 254, 259, 260; expenses 38, 41, 42; feast 34, 35, 38, 40 funerary art 6-9 funerary chapels 198, 270, 273 funerary customs 116-32 funerary portraits 229-42, 309, 310 funerary practices 1-3 funerary prayers 23 funerary slabs 118, 319, 320, 325, 327 funerary space 124, 125, 311, 312, 318 Fusea Negoi(ä (merchant inTargovijte, Wallachia) 58 Galata (monastery in Moldavia) 299 Gameren, Tylman van 254 garments 41, 62, 199-203, 250, 253 gender 3, 4, 71-3 Ghica, Grigore (prince of Wallachia) 174 Gjirokastra 116, 129 Golia (monastery from Moldavia; donation to ~) 159, 318 341 good death 255, 283, 284 gravesites 22, 24, 26 gravestones 8, 25-8, 320 graveyard 26, 27, 125, 196-8, 204, 318 Greff, Lucas 272 Gregorias
(metropolitan of loannina) 81-2 Guglingen, Paul Walter 80 Hagi Constantin Ioan (merchant in Wallachia) 62 Hagi Constantin Malache 59, 61, 64 Hagi Gheorghe Ioan (merchant in Wallachia) 59 Holy Land 80-2, 240 Horväth-Stansith, Katalin 256 Hudici, Bejan 38 Humor (monastery from Moldavia) 299, 309 Hungary 6, 8, 187-8, 190, 192, 194, 196, 248-50, 252, 256, 259-60 lacov Putneanul (metropolitan of Moldavia) 299 Ia?i 37, 40, 42-4, 146, 157, 159, 294, 299-300, 318, 325-6 icon-protheses 115, 129, 130, 135 Ilhami, Abdulvehab 20 Ilia$ Rare? (prince of Moldavia) 299 Ilinca (wife of the draper Mihai) 55, 58, 61, 147, 149, 152, 160, 176, 178 ill testators 78, 82 Illeshäzy, Gaspar 257, 258 inheritance 100, 104, 146-50, 152, 156, 158, 171, 173, 175, 178, 179 inscriptions 26, 27, 117, 118, 270-2, 278, 279, 282, 298, 308, 320, 326, 327 loannina 117-18, 129 i^lic (tk. Bajlik) 56 Istria 72, 77, 80, 85, 88 Jerusalem 26, 36-7, 58, 80-1, 103, 174-7 Kärolyi, Ferenc 254-5 Karotus, Vitale 78-9, 81, 83-4, 87 Klausenburg see Kolozsvar Kolozsvar (Ro. Cluj-Napoca, Ger, Klausenburg) 186, 190, 193, 196, 199-204, 207-9, 211 kolpak 254 Kronstadt see Brasov ktetors (founders) 57, 117, 125, 293-4, 297, 307, 318, 324-5
342 Index kuru^ 124-7, 133-4 last wills 3, 4, 71-5, 77, 81-4, 86, 186, 192; in late Medieval Transylvania 186-225 last wills, composing reasons 73-88; joining army and departure to war 83-5; medical reasons and plague epidemics 85-8; old age 78-9; pilgrimages 79-83; testators, health condition 76-8 Leipzig 39, 57 Leliceni 269, 280 Libya 238 long diptych 292-4, 298, 299, 301 Louis ɪl (king of Hungary) 248 Ludescu, Stoica 172, 176 Ludwig, Ernst 256 Madona Dudu (church in Craiova) 57, 59, 62 Mäläncrav 193, 269-70, 275, 278, 280 male heirs 171, 172, 178, 180 Märgineni (monastery from Wallachia) 168-70, 174, 180 Marino Federico de Gondola 102, 106 Marulic, Mark 74 material memories 201-10 Matthias Corvinus (king of Hungary) 203 Mavrocordat, Nicolae (prince of Walachia) 179 memorial practice 187-91 memorialization 6-9 mendicant convents 191, 273 metropolitan church 42, 125, 133, 144, 326, 327 Mihai (draper of Wallachia) 53-5, 58-9, 61, 168, 170-2, 174-9 Mihnea III (prince of Wallachia) 172 Miräuji 306 Miron Barnovschi ((prince of Moldavia) 299 Misail, metropolitan of Moldavia 33 Mistras 310 Mohäcs 190, 248 Moldavia 337; cult of dead 32-51; liturgical norm and social practice 32-51; princely necropoles of 306-16 Moldavian Boyars 143-66; collateral relatives 152-3; court hearings and contestations 150-2; patrimonial succession 147; patrimony vs. conservation of family memory, alienation 152-3; reconciliation and testamentary exclusion 153-4; sociopolitical context 144-5; sources 145; time of death, bequests 146-7; widow, status 148-9; widowhood and reciprocal wills 147-8 Moldavian
eighteenth-century diptychs 291-305 Moldovi(a (monastery from Moldavia) 294-5, 299, 310 monasteries 36, 37, 43, 58, 101, 115, 125, 129, 130, 132, 134, 152, 159, 160, 170, 293 monuments 6-9 Mount Athos 337 Mount Sinai (monastery Saint Catherine) 241 Movilä, leremia (prince of Moldavia) 35 mummies 230, 232, 233, 235, 237 mummy portraits 232, 240, 241 Murad II 99-100 Nagyszeben (Ro. Sibiu, Ger. Hermannstadt) 203 necropoles 8, 9, 306, 307, 309-12, 318-20, 325 Neculce, Ion 36 Nica Papa (merchant and money-lender of Wallachia 58 Nicholas de Gallelis 86 Nicole de Cherach (Nicola CHerachovich) 104 notaries 71, 72, 76-9, 83, 85-8 Oltenia 2, 56, 61-2, 170, 180 Opalihski, Krzysztof 258-9 Ottoman Bosnia 1, 15,17, 19, 21,23, 25, 27; cultural responses 15-31; death and dying in 15-31; health and death in 19-20 Padua 7, 78, 81, 172, 272, 280, 285 Palade, Constantin 147 Palade, Ilinca (wife of Constantin Palade) 37, 43 Palade, Maria 153, 158 Palade, Teodor 38, 147 Palaiologos, Andronikos 149
Index Palestine 80, 117 Panä (merchant of Wallachia, husband of Maria) 62 Panä (son of the merchant Panä Pepano) 64n42 Pantokrator (monastery of Mount Athos) 125 parish churches 5, 7, 115, 132, 134, 191, 193, 194, 197, 198, 266, 270, 271, 273, 280 parish priests 7, 74, 75, 77, 195, 196, 270-2, 274, 279, 280, 283, 285 partea sufletului (part of the soul) 33 Päsztor, Lajos 207 patronage 7, 207, 268, 271 Pepano, Panä (merchant of Wallachia, father of Panä) 64n42 Petru Rare? (prince of Moldavia) 35, 307-10 Philip II, Duke 256 pictorial programs 7, 266, 268, 272, 275, 276, 279-81, 284, 285 pilgrimages 79-83, 89, 101, 103, 174, 175, 204 pilgrims 75, 80, 82, 83, 207, 240 pious donations 101-3, 197, 204, 211 plague 86-8, 102, 157, 192, 193; epidemics 85-9, 157 plebanus 270-2, 274 pogrebanie (si. pogrebanije = burial) 54 Poland 6, 237, 238, 240, 241, 248-50, 252-5, 258-60, 335-6 Polish coffin portraits 6, 229, 238, 240, 242, 254; origins of 240-1; prototypes of 238-40 Polish funeral rituals 229-33 pomelnic (diptych) 292-4, 324 Popovici Cernea (merchant of Wallachia) 59 Porteous, Robert 249 portrait images 233, 234 portraits 229-31, 233-5, 237, 241, 242, 249, 250, 253, 258, 275, 310; as mirrors of the soul 237 portraiture 239, 269 post-mortem commemorations 60-2 power of images 233 Präjescu, Nastasia 320 priests 33, 37, 38, 42, 43, 77, 126, 131, 157, 194, 195, 292, 299-301 private legal documents 72, 77 Probota (monastery from Moldavia) 294, 306, 309 343 property 3-6, 99, 100, 105, 106, 126-8, 145, 152, 153, 170, 180 prosopographic sources 291-305 protimisis (the family rights of
pre emption) 146 Putna (monastery from Moldavia) 293 Racovi(ä, Mihai (prince of Moldavia) 324 Rädäu(i 38, 294, 306-11, 317, 324 Radu $erban (prince of Wallachia) 168-70 Räducanu 61 Ragusan wills 100, 101, 105, 107, 108; form, structure, and clauses 100-1; heirs and executors 105-6; legalization 107-8; salvation of soul, donations 101-3; testators’ property status and donated property 103-5 Ragusans 99, 100, 103-8; in Bulgarian lands 97-113 Rämnicu Valcea (city of Oltenia, Wallachia) Rämnicu Särat (city of Wallachia); monastery at ~) 58, 62 real estate properties 156, 170, 172, 178 Reghin 269-70, 272-3 representations: multiplicity of 259-62 resurrection 18, 128, 237, 284 Roman-Egyptian mummy portraits 6, 234, 238, 241 Romanian lands 3, 8, 33, 55, 60, 143, 144, 149, 167, 168, 325, 326, 336-7 Romanov (dynasty) 130 Rome 81-2, 103, 172, 204, 240 Ruset, Catrina 33, 36, 41 Ruset, Dracachi 36 Ruset, Ecaterina 44 Ruset, lordache 37, 324 Ruset, Neculai 44 Russia 130, 179-80 Rzewuski, Walery 250 Salerno 78 salvation 2, 3, 15, 73-5, 79, 89, 101, 102, 187, 190, 205, 206, 209, 283, 284 salvation of soul 73-4 sandal 39, 259 Sanders, Thomas 274 Sarachino, Thomaso 101 sarindare (= prayers) 36-8, 42, 61
344 Index Scanderbeg, George Castriota 135 Schässburg see Segesvän Schmiddeli, Daniel 254 Segesvär (Ro. Sighijoara, Ger. Schässburg) 187, 189, 190, 195, 196 self-representation 266-84 Sevin, Pierre Paul 248 short diptychs 292, 293, 298, 301 Sibiu 190, 266, 270, 273, 275; see also Hermannstadt and Nagyszeben Sighijoara see Segesvän Sinas, Georgios 127 skete (Ro schit) 37, 43, 58, 292, 299, 327 Slatina (monastery in Moldavia) 306, 310, 319 Sofia 101-2, 107-8 Solca (monastery in Moldavia) 295, 297, 299, 319 soul child 37, 147, 157-9 spiritual/liturgical memoria 201-10 spi(erie 43 Stanislawska, Anna 252 statutory laws 71-3, 77 stecaks 26 Stephano Martolo de Latiniza 107 Stipanic, Peter 77 Sturza, Costache 158 Sturza, Ion 299 succession: strategies of 167-85 Suceava 34, 294, 306, 308, 317 Sucevi(a (monastery from Moldavia) 292, 295, 299 Süleyman the Magnificent 248 superstructure 266, 281, 283, 284 Syria 234, 238, 240 Szekler 203 szkofia 250, 254 szlachta 252-3, 259 §endrea (portar) 317 §oldan, Dumitra?co 320 §oldan, Safta 320 §oldan, Vasile 320 Stefan cel Mare (Stephan the Great; prince of Moldavia) 35, 306 Stefani(ä (prince of Moldavia) 35 Wallachia 52-4, 56, 58, 61, 62, 130, 167-71, 174, 176 Warsaw 251, 259 wax lanterns (Ro. faclii de ceard) 57 West Balkans 114-42 widow 148-52, 156, 157, 160, 172, 177, 198, 200, 202 will writing: democratization of 71-3 wills of testators 76, 83 Woysza, Stanislaw 231 taclit (tk. Taklit = a small rug) 57 Targovi§te (city of Wallachia) 58, 61, 169, 170, 173 testamentary norms 143-66 testaments 3-6, 32-5, 37-9, 52-7, 62, Zadar 3, 72, 77, 78, 80,
81, 83, 86, 87, 98 Zervat 128-30 Zographou (monastery at Mount Athos) 35 Zrinyi, Miklos 257 100, 106, 145, 147, 153, 154; of Cantacuzino family 167-85; in late Medieval Transylvania 186-225; of merchants 52-67; of Ragusans 97-113 testators 54, 60, 71-7, 79, 80, 83, 101-4, 106, 155,159,188; social network 156-7 thaler 34, 54-6, 58-61 Theodosius II 241 Three Hierarchs (Trei lerarhi), Monastery of ~ 159, 326 tomb purchases 114—42 tombstones 28, 43, 269, 274, 307, 308, 317, 320, 325, 327 Transylvania 61, 338 Transylvanian Medieval altarpieces 266-84 Transylvanian voivode 203 trimoiria (juridical concept, the surviving spouse would receive one third of the family estate) 128 Universitas Saxonum 270 Uricarul, Axinte 33 Värnav, Miron 33 Vasile Lupu (prince of Moldavia, 1634—1653) 148-9 Vasile Panopol (1881) 326 Vatopedi (monastery at Mount Athos) 310 visual cultures 249, 260 visual expression 280-3 Vorone) (monastery in Moldavia) 294, 310, 318 Bayerische " ) Steatobibllothek I München J |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Ostmitteleuropa (DE-588)4075753-5 gnd Südosteuropa (DE-588)4058449-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Ostmitteleuropa Südosteuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV048820871 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:33:06Z |
| indexdate | 2025-02-25T11:01:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781032017457 9781032017464 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034086595 |
| oclc_num | 1401177336 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-12 DE-824 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-12 DE-824 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | xiii, 344 Seiten Illustrationen, genealogische Tafel |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20231102 |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateSearch | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | Routledge |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | "Pro refrigerio animae": death and memory in East-Central Europe fourteenth–nineteenth centuries edited by Angela Jianu and Gheorghe Lazǎr ; contributors: Mihai-Bogdan Atanasiu [und zahlreiche weitere] London ; New York Routledge [2024] xiii, 344 Seiten Illustrationen, genealogische Tafel txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1300-1900 gnd rswk-swf Testament (DE-588)4059555-9 gnd rswk-swf Bestattungsritus (DE-588)4204578-2 gnd rswk-swf Tod (DE-588)4060294-1 gnd rswk-swf Ostmitteleuropa (DE-588)4075753-5 gnd rswk-swf Südosteuropa (DE-588)4058449-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Ostmitteleuropa (DE-588)4075753-5 g Südosteuropa (DE-588)4058449-5 g Tod (DE-588)4060294-1 s Testament (DE-588)4059555-9 s Bestattungsritus (DE-588)4204578-2 s Geschichte 1300-1900 z DE-604 Jianu, Angela (DE-588)1161029028 edt Lazǎr, Gheorghe (DE-588)118779036 edt Atanasiu, Mihai-Bogdan 1980- (DE-588)1151159611 aut Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe, Paperback 978-1-032-01746-4 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-003-17980-1 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034086595&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034086595&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Atanasiu, Mihai-Bogdan 1980- "Pro refrigerio animae": death and memory in East-Central Europe fourteenth–nineteenth centuries Testament (DE-588)4059555-9 gnd Bestattungsritus (DE-588)4204578-2 gnd Tod (DE-588)4060294-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4059555-9 (DE-588)4204578-2 (DE-588)4060294-1 (DE-588)4075753-5 (DE-588)4058449-5 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | "Pro refrigerio animae": death and memory in East-Central Europe fourteenth–nineteenth centuries |
| title_auth | "Pro refrigerio animae": death and memory in East-Central Europe fourteenth–nineteenth centuries |
| title_exact_search | "Pro refrigerio animae": death and memory in East-Central Europe fourteenth–nineteenth centuries |
| title_exact_search_txtP | "Pro refrigerio animae": death and memory in East-Central Europe fourteenth–nineteenth centuries |
| title_full | "Pro refrigerio animae": death and memory in East-Central Europe fourteenth–nineteenth centuries edited by Angela Jianu and Gheorghe Lazǎr ; contributors: Mihai-Bogdan Atanasiu [und zahlreiche weitere] |
| title_fullStr | "Pro refrigerio animae": death and memory in East-Central Europe fourteenth–nineteenth centuries edited by Angela Jianu and Gheorghe Lazǎr ; contributors: Mihai-Bogdan Atanasiu [und zahlreiche weitere] |
| title_full_unstemmed | "Pro refrigerio animae": death and memory in East-Central Europe fourteenth–nineteenth centuries edited by Angela Jianu and Gheorghe Lazǎr ; contributors: Mihai-Bogdan Atanasiu [und zahlreiche weitere] |
| title_short | "Pro refrigerio animae": death and memory in East-Central Europe |
| title_sort | pro refrigerio animae death and memory in east central europe fourteenth nineteenth centuries |
| title_sub | fourteenth–nineteenth centuries |
| topic | Testament (DE-588)4059555-9 gnd Bestattungsritus (DE-588)4204578-2 gnd Tod (DE-588)4060294-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Testament Bestattungsritus Tod Ostmitteleuropa Südosteuropa Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034086595&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034086595&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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