Tsushima:
The story of how the Japanese Imperial Navy defeated the Russian Imperial Navy in 1905, marking the first modern victory of an Asian power over a major European power.
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2022
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| Series: | Great battles
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Summary: | The story of how the Japanese Imperial Navy defeated the Russian Imperial Navy in 1905, marking the first modern victory of an Asian power over a major European power. |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | xxviii, 297 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts |
| ISBN: | 9780198831075 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | CONTENTS List of Figures List of Maps List of Tables Conventions Abbreviations xix xxi xxiii xxv xxix i. Background i 2. The Battle 40 3. Japan’s Rise to Naval Prominence 83 4. Russia’s Shattered Naval Dream 113 5. Worldwide Reactions andAssessments 143 6. The Battle and Naval Development: Lessons Learned and Unlearned 7. Conclusion Appendix Notes Select Bibliograph}! Picture and Map Acknowledgements Index 166 1S8 195 199 253 283 287
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Archival Sources Germany Bundesarchiv, Militärarchiv Freiburg (BAMA) Japan National Archives of Japan, Japan Center for Asian Historical Record (JACAR), Tokyo Ministry of Defence, National Institute for Defence Studies (NIDS), Tokyo Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Diplomatic Archive, Tokyo Russia Rossiiskii Gosudarstvenniï Arkhiv Voenno-Morskogo Flota (RGAVMF), St Petersburg United Kingdom The National Archives, Kew, Greater London Admiralty Papers Foreign Office Papers East Riding of Yorkshire Archives, Beverley Pakenham, Sir William Christopher, Admiral: Reports, Correspondence, Letters and Photographs, 1904-1911 (PKM/2) United States Archives Branch, Naval History and Heritage Command, Washington, DC. Papers of Chester W. Nimitz, Box 63. 253
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SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun (Tokyo) Täkyä Niroku Shimbun (Tokyo) Yomiuri Shimbun (Tokyo) Yorozu Chõhô (Tokyo) Russia Ha-Tsfira (Warsaw) Hasman (Vilnius) Morskoi Sborník (St Petersburg) Novoe Vremia (St Petersburg) Peterburgskaia Gazeta (St Petersburg) Russkoe Slovo (St Petersburg) Sankt-Peterburgskie vedomosti (St Petersburg) Voenni Golos (St Petersburg) United States Baltimore Evening Herald (Baltimore) Bismark Daily (North Dakota) Hawaiian Star (Honolulu) Littell’s Living Age (Boston) Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles) New York Tribune (New York) Nippu Jiji (Honolulu) Puck (New York) St. Louis Republic (Missouri) The Bemidji Daily Pioneer (Minnesota) The Daily Capital (Salem, Oregon) The Daily Press (Virginia) The Evening News (Washington, DC) The Evening World (New York) The New York Times (New York) The San Francisco Call (San Francisco) The Spokane Press (Washington) The Washington Times (Washington, DC) Topeka State Journal (Kansas) Waterbury Evening Democrat (Connecticut) Yamato Shimbun (Honolulu) 255
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INDEX Note Figures and Tables are indicated by an italic “f” and “t ”, respectively, following the page number. For the benefit of digital users, indexed terms that span two pages (e.g., 52—53) may, on occasion, appear on only one of those pages. Abdul Hamid II, Sultan 157 Abe, Masahiro 103 Aboukir 249Ո.89 Admiral Nakhimov 43 Admiral Seniavin 43, 63 Admiral Ushakov class 31 Admiral Ushakov 43, 66,125 Admiralty Channel 133 aeroplane 184,186-7 Afflerbach, Holger 124 Africa 29 Age of Exploration 127 aircraft carrier 94-5, 97,186,190 airplane. See aeroplane Akagi 96 Akhmatova, Anna 113 Akitsushima 42/ Akiyama Saneyuki 33-4, 42,108 Akiyama Yoshifuru 108 Aleksandrovich, Aleksei 67,121 Aleksandrovich, Vladimir 115 Alexander III, Tsar ю Alfonso XIII of Spain, King 149 all-big-gun battleship 128,161,168,169/ 170,190 Almaz 43, 68, 69/, 69,131 American colonial authorities 68 Amerika-maru 42/ ammunition. See armour-piercing shells, explosives, picric-acid based explosives, Shimose powder Anadir 53, 68 Anglo-Russian relations 119 Anglo-Japanese Treaty 5 Angra Pequena 29 Annapolis too/ Antsiranana See Diego Suarez Argus 190 Ariake, 67 Arkhangelsk 127 armed yacht 43, 68 armour-piercing shells 73 armour 72, 75, 97,159,170-3 See also protection armoured cruisers 10,12,15í, 16, 37, 43-4, 48, 62, 64, 66, 70, 75,120-1, 170,173,178 artillery 39, 56/, 73, 80,174 Asahi 8/ 44, 49/, 59/ 64, 7oƒ 103 Asama 48, 49/, 50 Asian Library 140 Askold Island 68 ASW. See anti-submarine warfare, 97 Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal 157 Atlantic Ocean 9, 30/, 182-3,186 Aurora 43, 53, 56, 60, 68,138,139/ Austro-Hungary
113,119 auxiliary ship 32, 38t, 39,41,43-4, 50, 53-4, 57-8, 62, 76 See also auxiliary cruiser, hospital ship, transport ship, tug, Anadir, Irtish, Kamchatka, Kostroma, Rus, Shinano-maru Avelan, Fedor 27,121 Aziatskaia biblioteka. See Asian Library Azuma 48 Balfour, Arthur 28,185 Balkans Wars of 1912-13 119 Balkans 118 287
INDEX Baltic Fleet 8/ 22, 24-7, 28/ 30/ 31-5, 37, 38t, 42/ 50, 54, 57, 63, 70, 74, 77-9, 81, 93,116,121,125,127-9,132-5,137, 143-4,149,151,156-7,161,173,177,183, 25, 26/, 27-9, зо/ 34, 40, 79,123,127, 133,136,143-4,149,156,16ο, 165,183 Baltic region 117 Baltic Sea 10, 27, 29,129 Baltimore Evening Herald 147 Baranov, Nikolai 122 barnacles 76 Barrow-in-Furness 105 Battle Division, 1st 8/ 15t, 38t, 43/ 44, 46, 50, 52, 57, 95 Battle Division, 2nd 38t, 48, 51-2, 57 Battle Division, 3rd 53 Battle Division, 4th 44, 53, 57 Battle Division, 5th 52, 63 Battle Division, 6th 52 Battle of Chemulpo 16,138,140 Battle of Hampton Roads 166,183 Battle of Jutland 48,166,182,186,189-92 Battle of Lepanto 191 Battle of Liaoyang 23 Battle of Lissa 166 Battle of Manila 166 Battle of Midway 93, 95-6,166,191-2 Battle of Mukden 24, 83,116,137 Battle of Nanshan 20 Battle of Navarino 166 Battle of Shaho 23 Battle of Sandepu 24 Battle of the Nile 160 Battle of the Yalu River 3,19 Battle of the Yellow Sea 21, 22/ 23, 34-5, 48, 72-3, 78,132,160,169-70 Battle of Trafalgar 46, 87, no, 149,152,155, 162,165-6,182,190-1 Battle of Tsushima 1,16,19, 21, 25, 38t, 74, 76, 83, 86, 88, 90-1, 93, 95, 98,103/, 103-6,108-10,112,114,117-20,125, 128-30,132,134,139-41,143,159,163, 165-6,168,170-1,173,175,177-8,181,184, 186-7,189-93; armament 72-5; armour and structure 75-6; casualties 71, 216η. 124; communication and detection 77; consequences, international naval ranking 231η. 43; consequences, Japan 87-98; consequences, Russia 115-30; impact on naval development 165-87; leadership and preparedness 77-8; list of ships
195-7; losses 71; memory, Japan 98-112; memory, Russia 130-42; motivation 78-80; number of shells shot 216η. 127; plans before the battle 33-9; power balance on the eve of the battle 38t, 195-7; reactions, foreign decision makers 152-8; reactions, international media 143-52; reactions, Japan 83-7; reactions, naval specialists 158-65; reactions, Russia 112-15; speed 76-7; stages 41-71; strategy 81; tactics 80-1; tonnage of ships captured 221η. 27; tonnage of ships losses 71, 215η. і2з; weather 41, 43,54, 70, 74, 77, 80, 218η. і5б, See ako firing rate, gunnery, leadership, motivation Battle of Tsushima, memóriák. See Church of Christ the Saviour, Fukutsu, Japan-Russia Friendship Hill, Memorial Ship Mikasa, Togo Shrine, Tsushima obelisk Battle of Ulsan 22 battle plan 33-5, 81 battlecruiser 90-1, 97,173,186 See also Invincible class, Repulse Battles of Khalkhin Gol 137 battleship 7, 8^ 9-10,12,14,15t, 16, 20, 21í 22/ 23, 31-2, 35, 37, 38t, 39, 43-5, 47/, 50-1, 53-4, 55, 56/ 56-8, 59/. 62-4, 65/ 66-7, 70, 72, 75-6, 80, 88, 90-1, 93-5, 97,101,117,120,123, 126/ 127-9, 132, ізз/ 134-5,159,16ı, 163,165,167-8, 169/, 168-73,175-81,183,186-7,190, low-freeboard battleship, 62 See also all-big-gun battleship, Asahi, Borodino, Fuji, Gangut class, Hatsuse, Imperator Nikolai I, Imperator Aleksandr III, Kniaz Suvorov, Kniaz Potemkin Tavricheskii, Mikasa, Musashi, Navarin, Nassau class, Orel, Osliabia, Petropavlovsk, Prince of Wales, Sissoi Velikii, Slava, South Carolina class, Tsesarevich, Yamato, Yashima Bedoviï 65,122 Beiyang Fleet 3, 64, 93 Bely, Andrei 131 Beresford, Charles 177 Berlin
Treaty of 1878 119 Berliner Tageblatt 151 Berliner Volks-Zeitung 151 Bezuprechnii 67 Big Five 86 Big Shipbuilding Programme 127 Bikov, Pëtr 137 Birmingham 186 Bistrit 67 Black Sea Fleet 10, 25, 31,117,119-20 288
ÍNDEX Black Sea ю, 129 Blestiashchiï 60, 67 Blue-water strategy 7 Boborykin, Piotr 114 Bodri։ 60, 68 Bolshevik Revolution 129-30,134,138 Bonin Islands 3 Borodino class 63, 75,165 Borodino 43, 45,49/ 55՜7. 59/ Bosnia and Herzegovina 119 Bosnian Crisis of 1908-9 119,127 Bosphorus 119 Boston 110 Boxer Uprising 5-6 Bravii 68 Britain. See Great Britain British India 157 British Royal Navy 12, 90,128,179,191; British Mediterranean Fleet 177 Britton, Frank Guyver 209η. 7 Butnil 54,57, 67,149 Bukhvostov, Nikolai 52 Burke, Arleigh 105 Busan 32 bushido 108 Calcutta 152 Cam Ranh Bay 30/ 32 Cape Horn 156 Cape of Good Hope 25, 29 capital ship 10, 33, 37, 63, 73, 81, 90-1, 97, 101,127,129,159,170,172-5,178,181,186-7 See also auxiliary cruiser, battlecruiser, battleship, armoured cruiser Caucasus 117,152 Changwon. See Masanpo, 32 Chemulpo 16,18/, 138,140 Chicago Tribune iļof Chihaya 48 China 1, 3-5,10,19, 21, 93,101,118,152,158 Chinhae Bay. See Jinhae Bay, 32, 40, 42/ 42 Chitose 67 Church of Aleksandr Nevskii 134 Church of Christ the Saviour 133,135,140 Cinemascope 106 Ootids Above the HilL See Saka noue no kumo 108 coal 28-9, 65, 68, 75, 77,177 coaling 27, 30/ 156,165,177 coastal-defence battleships. See Admiral Seniorin, Admiral Ushakov, General Admiral Graf Apraksin Cohen, Eliot 188 Colomb, Philip Howard 9 Combined Fleet, Japanese 6,19-20,22,32, 34-5,37,38t, 39-40,42,43Í 86,95-6,137, ։б7 communication. See radiotelegraphy, radiotelephony, wireless telegraphy, Z flag Communist Party 129 Constanța 117 Constitution 110,112 Corbett, Julian 81,163,193 Cossacks 1,118 crossing the T 34, 50,
52, 61 cruiser 10, uf, 12,14,15t, 16,19-20, 22, 28/ 29, 31-2,37,38t, 40,41,43-5,48,51,53Í 53-7,59/ 60,62—5,66f 66-8,70,75,80,95,98,120-1, 125,132,138,139/139,173,175,178-9,184,186 See also battlecruiser, armoured cruiser, protected cruiser, unprotected cruiser, Admiral Nakhimov, Asama, Chitose, Diana, Itsukushima, Izumi, Iwate, Izumrud, Kaiserin Elisabeth, Kasagi, Matsushima, Oleg, Otowa, Svetlana Cuniberti, Vittorio Emanuel 168 Curtiss Pusher 186 Custance, Reginald 162 Dagelet Island. See Ulleungdo, 58, 63, 66 Dakar 29, 3of Damascus 157 Daveluy, René 164 De Rothschild, Alphonse James 149 Decisive Battle Doctrine 94-5,182 Decisive Battle for Okinawa. See Okinawa kessen, 107 Decoration of the Military Order of Saint George 125 Delcassé, Théophile 156 Derevyanko, Kuzma 138 Destroyer Division, 4th 61-2, 96 destroyer 10, nf, 14,15t, 16, 20, 34,37,38t, 43, 49/ 51, 53f 54, 58, 60-3, 65-8, 70, 74, 76, 8o֊i, 96,122,175,177,186 See also Ariake, Bedoviï, Bezuprechnii, Bistril, Bodril, Blestioshdiiï, Bravii, Buiniï, Gromki! Dewa Shigeto 220η. 6 Dewey, George 150/ Diana 132 Diego Suarez 68 diesel engine 177 Dikov, Ivan 127 Ding, Ruchang 64 Dmitri! Donskoi 43, 51, 53, 66-7 Dnieper 215η. 121 Dobrotvorskil, Leonid 29, 60 Dogger Bank 28,132 289
INDEX Dokdo. See Liancourt Rocks, 63 Dongfang zashi 152 Dreadnought 90-1, 92/, 159,173,180 Dreadnought 128,159,163,168,169/170,173, 179-81,183,187 Dreyer, Frederic 176 Dutch East Indies 152 East Asia 3-4, 25, 86,113,116,127,132,134, 137,141,152-3,155-7,181,183,190 Egawa Tatsuya 108 Egypt 152 Eight-Eight Fleet 91 Einstein, Albert 188 Ely, Eugene 186 Enkvist, Oskar 27,43, 54, 58, 60, 64, 68,77, 79,123· 138 Essen, Nikolai von 35 Etajima 13 Evans, David 15t, 46/ 53/ 97 explosives 73 Felkerzam, Dmitrii von 27, 29, 30/ 35 Fersen, Vasilit 64-5,125 FIFA World Cup of 2002 140 Finland 118,135 firing rate 72-3 First Army 16 First Cruiser Division 53 First Fleet 33 First Pacific Squadron 29, 30/ First Sino-Japanese War 3-4,12,19,108 First World War 91,112,119,128-9,134-5, 141,164,166,173,175,177, i8o-i, 183, 185-6,190,192-3 Fisher, John “Jacky” 162,168,170,172-3, 175,179-80,185,187 Fiske, Bradley Allen 161 Flottengesetze 179 fog 16, 40, 42, 54, 69, 77 See also weather France 3, 7,10, 28, 86,119,149,151,155-6, 164,173,179,181,190 Franco-Russian Alliance 155 Frankel, Jonathan 118 Fremantle, Edmund 163,170 French Navy 164,181,191 Frunze, Mikhail 129 Fuji 44, 4vf, 57, 59/ Fukuoka Prefecture 103 Fukutsu 103/ 103 Fushimi Hiroyasu 103 Gabon 29, 30/ Gandhi, Mohandas 157 Gangut class 128 General Admiral Graf Apraksin, 44, 63,103 George V, King 110 Germany 3,13,118-19,129,151,155-7,165, 179-81,185,189 Gojong, King of Korea 4 Gooch, John 188 Goto archipelago 40, 42/ 46/ 69/ Grand Fleet 176 Great Britain 5, 7, 9-10,19, 28, 87,105, 119,122,135,144,146-7,149, 150/ 151,
155-60,162-3,168,170,173,175,179-81, 186,189 Great Fish Bay 29, 30/ Great Game 155 Great Naval Battle of the Japan Sea. See Nihonkai dai kaisen, 107 Great War. See First World War, Great White Fleet 183/ 183 Gromku 67 Groznil 68 gunboat. See gunvessel, gunnery 25, 32, 72, 77, 81, 93,159, 161,165,170-1 ; accuracy, 57, 72-3, 160,174-5 guns 7,10, 21, 32, 35, 37, 38t, 41, 45, 55, 57, 62,72-3,104,121,124,128,155,159,161-2, 167-70,173-4 gunvessel 16, 31 Habi al-Matin 152 Halsey, William 138 Hamburg-Amerika Line 28 Hampton Roads. See Battle of Hampton Roads Hardinge, Arthur Henry 155 Hatsuse 15t Hawaii 182 Hibiya Park 83, 85 Hibiya Riots 85, 87 high-capacity shells (HC) 73 high-explosive AP shells 73 Hirohito, Crown Prince. See Showa, Emperor 101,102/ Hirose Takeo 99 Historical Drama of the Sea. See umi no shigeki, 108 Hitler, Adolf 151 hospital ship 40-1, 43, 53, 84 lessen, Karl 22 IJA. See Imperial Japanese Army Ijichi Hikojirö 48 IJN. See Imperial Japanese Navy 290
INDEX Iki 42/ 44, 4б/, 6զք Imperator Aleksandr ПІ 43, 45, 52, 55-6, 132, 133/ Imperator Nikolai I 31,43, 58, 61, 63-4, 65/ Imperial Council 6 Imperial Defence Policy 91 Imperial Duma 118,127 Imperial German Navy 177,179-80,185, 190,192 Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) 12,15, 84, 90-1,103,105,137 Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) 3, 6, 9,12-15, 15í, 19-20, 22/ 22-3, 25, 33-4, 38t, 39, 41-2, 53, 63-4, 71-2, 74-5, 77-8, 81, 88, 90-1, 93-5, 97-8,101,103,105,161-2,170, 175,182,185-6,192 See also Combined Fleet, Battle Division, ist; Battle Division, 2nd; Battle Division, 3rd; Battle Division, 4th; Battle Division, 5th; Battle Division, 6th; First Fleet, Second Fleet, Third Fleet, Torpedo Boat Division, 11th; Six-Six Navy, Eight-Eight Fleet, Navy Day Imperial Japanese Navy, officers, See Akiyama Saneyuki, Dewa Shigeto, Fushimi Hiroyasu, Hirose Takeo, Ijichi Hikojirö, Itö Masanori, Ito Sukeyuki, Kamimura Hikonojö, Kataoka Shichirö, Nagumo Chūichi, Narukawa Hakanı, Ogasawara Naganari, Suzuki Kantaro, Togo Heihachirö, Uryū Sotokichi, Yamamoto Gonnohyöe; Yamamoto Isoroku; Yamanashi Katsunoshin Imperial Naval Academy 13 Imperial Palace 83, 87 Imperial Russian Army (IRA) 15-16, 79, 116,120 Imperial Russian Navy (IRN) 9-10,13-14, 15։, 25, 31, 38t, 39, 53, 69,75, 79, 81, 97,ЮЗ, 117,119-21,123,125,127-9,135,141,155, 1б2,167,18ı, 185 See also Baltic Fleet, Black Sea Fleet, First Pacific Squadron; Pacific Squadron, Third Pacific Squadron, Readiness Fleet, Soviet Navy Imperial Russian Navy, officers. See Aleksandrovich, Aleksei; Avelan, Fedor; Enkvist, Oskar; Essen, Nikolai von; Bukhvostov, Nikolai;
Felkerzam, Dmitrii von; Fersen, Vasili!; lessen, Karl; Klado, Nikolai; Kolchak, Aleksander; Makarov, Stepan; Nebogatov, Nikolai; Popov, Vladimir; Rozhestvensklï, Zinoviï; Rudnev, Vsevolod; Shvede, Konstantin; Vitgeft, Vilgelm Inchon 140 India 152,157 International Court in the Hague 28 International Fleet Review no internment 68,122 Invincible class 173,179 IRA. See Imperial Russian Army Iran 68 IRN. See Imperial Russian Navy Irtish 67 Ise Grand Shrine 87 Istanbul 157 Itö Masanori 105 Ito Sukeyuki 32, 89/ Itsukushima 41 Ivanov, Viacheslav 131 Iwate 48, 49/ 66 Izumi 42/ 44, 62 Izumo 48 Izumrud 29, 43, 49/, 61, 63-5, 66/ 125 Izvolskiï, Aleksandr 119 Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force 109 Japan Naval Association. See Suikõkai, Japan Self-Defence Forces 109-10 Japan-Russia Friendship Hill 110,141 Japan 1-3, 6,10,12-13, 15, ^, 16,19-20, 22-5, 32-4, 40, 70, 78-9, 81, 84, 86-8, 90-1, 92/, 93-5, 98, 99/, 102/, 103/, 104-5,107,109-10,112,114-16,118-20, 122,129-30,132,134-41,147,151-3, 155-8,160,166,179,181-5, 189-90,193 Japan’s Longest Day. See Nihon no ichiban nagai hi, 107 Japan’s war plans 15,19 Japanese education system 78 Japanese government 6, 24, 83-4,105, no, 121 Japanese Ministry of Education 109 Japanese spirit. See Yamato damashii Jeju Island 40, 42/ Jellicoe, John 48,176 Jeune Ecole 7,12,178,181,190 Jewish community 117 Jiaozhou Bay 5 Jinhae Bay 32, 40, 42/ 42 JMSDF. See Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force 291
INDEX Joint Anny and Navy Board 181 Jutland. See Battle of Jutland Kagoshima 19 Kaigun kinenbi. See Navy Day Kaiserin Elisabeth 186 Kamchatka 1 Kamchatka 57 kamikaze. See Special Attack Units Kamimura Hikonojõ j6, 22, 36/ 48, 52, 57 Kaneko Kentaro 152 kantai kessen. See Decisive Battle Doctrine Kasagi 53 Kasuga 12,15t, 44, 49/ 64 Kataoka Shichirõ 16, 84 Katsura Taro 6, 85, 89/ Kiachow Bay. See Jiaozhou Bay Kiaochow 21 Kiel Canal 179 Kinen-kan Mikasa see Memorial Ship Mikasa Klado, Nikolai 31,132,184 Kniaz Potemkin Tavricheskii 117 Kniaz Suvorov 8f, 43, 45, 48, 50-2, 54, 57-8, 73, 77,125,126/ 132 Kolchak, Aleksander 134 Kongo 97 Korea Strait 22, 32, 35, 40, 42/ 42, 68,146 Korea 1, 3-6,16,19, 69/ 78, 86,118 Korean Peninsula 20, 32, 58 Koreets 16 Koreia 68 Kostroma 40, 53, 84 Kowshing 19 Kravchenko, Vladimir 56-7 Krokodil 137 Kronstadt 27,122-3, 123/ 129,133,137 Krupp armour 75 Kuprin, Aleksandr 113 Kuril Islands 1, 3,139 Kuronia 215η. 121 Kuropatkin, Aleksei 23,116 L-tactic 34 L esprit de la guerre navale 164 La Croix 149 La Pérouse Strait 30/, 34-5,165 Lake Khasan 137 Lamsdorf, Vladimir 117 Lansdowne, 5th Marquess of 28,155 lantern parades 83 Le Petit Parisien 149 leadership 52, 77, 99,134,165,179,185 League of Nations 86 Lengerke Meyer, George von 116 Lenin, Vladimir 134 Lepanto, Battle of. See Battle of Lepanto Levitskil, Nikolai 136-7 Li-Lobanov Treaty 5 Liancourt Rocks 42/ 46/ 63 Liaodong Peninsula 3, 20, 23 Liaoyang 20 Liaoyang, Battle of. See Battle of Lioayang Libau 27, 29, 30/ 68,123 Liberté class 181 Liepaja. See Libau Livonia 215η. 121 London Straits Convention of
1841 10 longitudinal bulkhead 75 Lord Lansdowne. See Lansdowne, 5th Marquess of Los Angeles Times 146 Lviv 114 Machsike Hadas 114 Madagascar 29, 32, 68 Mahan, Alfred Thayer 7, 33, 76-7, 91,127, 159-61,163,178-9,183 Makarov, Stepan 20, 21/ Malacca Strait. See Strait of Malacca Manchuria-Korea exchange 5 Manchuria 3, 5-6,15-16, 20, 23-4,78-9,83, 117-20,137,143 Manila 60, 67-8, 79, 84,123,166 Marine Society 110 Marine-Rundschau 165 Maruyama, Seiji 107 Masanpo 32 Masaoka, Shiki 108 Matsuyama 227η. n6 Matsushima 53 McCully, Newton 162 media 84, 87,101,113,132,143, 49,152 Meiji Restoration 2,19,107 Meiji Теппо to Nichiro dai senso 106 Meiji, Emperor 2,83,87,89/ 99,101,106,154/ Memorial of the Battle of the Sea of Japan no Memorial Ship Mikasa 49/, 101,106, no, 138 See also Mikasa Mencken, H.L. 147 Menshikov, Mikhail 117,132 Meteor 215Ո. 121 Middle East 177 Midway. See Batde of Midway Mifune, Toshiro 107 Mikasa Preservation Society 101 292
INDEX Mikasa 45, 47-9, 53, 59, 75, 88, 89, 96, 97, 101-7, по, 138,141,170,195 See also Memorial Ship Mikasa, Mikasa Preservation Society Mikhailovich, Aleksandr 114 Military Misfortunes 188 mines 21/, 34, 45, 62, 73,127,129,174-6 Ministry of the Navy 12 Moscow 117,124,139 motivation 39, 54, 57, 71, 78-9,120 See also Yamato damashii Mukden 16, 23-4, 83,116,137 Musashi 170 Muslim countries 152 Nagasaki 1-2 Nagumo Chūichi 95-6 Narukawa Hakani 41 Nassau class 179 nationalism 78 Nauticus 165 Naval artillery. See artillery Naval Aviation Department 95 naval balance 15t, 38t Naval Cadet Corps 13, 25,132 Naval Council of War 123/ Naval General Staff 25, 99,125,128 naval mine. See mine naval battles. See Battle of Chemulpo, Battle of Hampton Roads, Battle of Jutland, Battle of Lepanto, Battle of Lissa, Battle of Manila, Battle of Midway, Battle of Navarino, Battle of the Nile, Battle of the Yellow Sea, Battle of Trafalgar, Battle of Tsushima, Battle of Ulsan naval observers 25, 71,162,166,169,188 naval power, ranking 202η. 47 naval race 7,166,180—1,187,190 naval tactic. See anti-submarine warfare, L-tactic, night attacks, tactical fleet control, crossing the T naval theory. See Corbett, Julian; Colomb, Philip Howard; Jeune École; Mahan, Alfred Thayer naval scare 179 naval strategy. See Blue-water strategy, Decisive Battle Doctrine, Jeune École Naval Strategy (1911) 160 Naval War College 33 naval weaponry. See aeroplane, guns, mines, torpedo, warships Navarin 43, 49/ 62, 69/ 175 Navarino. See Battle of Navarino Navy Day (Japan) 88 Navy Ministry 103,121,125,127 Nebogatov, Nikolai 29,
31-2, 34-5, 36/ 43, 45, 58, 60-1, 63-6, 65/ 77, 79-80,123-5, 137,149 Nehru, Jawaharlal 157 Nelson, Horatio 46, 87,144,149,150/ 160,162 neutrality 29,149; neutral ports, 28, 68, 71, 81 New Hampshire 85,153 Newcastle Evening Chronicle 144 Newport 33 Nichiroyükõ no oka. See Japan-Russia Friendship Hill Nicholas I, Tsar 33 Nicholas II, Tsar 10, 25, 27, 28/ 86,114-15, 118,124,132,154Í 57 night attacks 37,164,178 Nihon no ¡chiban nagai hi 107 Nihonkai dai kaisen 107 Nihonkai kaisen. See The Battle ofTsushima, 108 Niitaka 66-7 Nikolskii morskoi sobor 132. See St. Nicholas’ Naval Cathedral Nimitz, Chester 105-6 Nippon Times 105 Nippon Yūsen Company 41 Nishi-Rosen Agreement 5 Nishidomari 98 Nisshin 12,15t, 44, 49/, 52, 95 Nobel Peace Prize 154 Nogi Maresuke 20, 99,101,103,106 Nogi Shizuko 103 North Atlantic Squadron 33 North Sea 28, 30/ 81,179 Northeast Passage. See Northern Sea Route Northern Sea Route 127, 233η. 75 Norway 118,127 Nossi Bé 29, 30/ 79 Nosy Be. See Nossi Bé Nosy Boraha see Sainte-Marie Novikov-Priboi, Aleksei 135-6 Novoe Vremia 117,132 Occupation era 104-6 October Manifesto 118 Odessa 30/, 117 Ogasawara Islands. See Bonin Islands, Ogasawara Naganari 101 oil 177 Oka Yoshitake 90, no 293
INDEX Okinawa kessen, 107 Okinoshima. See General Admiral GrafApraksin Oleg uf, 29, 43, 53, 60, 68, 69/ Olga of Greece, Queen 133 Orel 32, 40-1, 43-5, 46/ 49f 53. 56/ 56, 63, 65/ bņf 123,135 Orvot See Orel Osliabia 35,45,48, 50-2, 57, 62, 75 Otowa 66-7 Ottoman Empire 152,19։ Outer Mongolia 86 Pacific Fleet 14-15,15t, 20-1, 24/, 34, 79, 81, 93,127,129,143 Pacific Ocean 3,10, 30/ 86, 90-1,118,125, 152-4,182-3,190 Pacific Squadron, 2nd. See Second Pacific Squadron Pacific War 93, 95-6,101,104 pacifism 227η. 125 Pakenham, William 80,169,188,190 Paléologue, Maurice 156 Panama Canal 182 Paris’s Le Journal 149 Parshall, Jonathan 46/ 53/188 Patalano, Alessio 97 Peace negotiations 79, 81, 83,116 peace treaty. See Treaty of Portsmouth Pearl Harbor 93, 95,182,186 Peattie, Mark 15t, 97 People’s Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs 129 Perry, Matthew 2 Persian Gulf 177 Peterburgskaia Gazeta 113 Petersburg 131 Petropavlovsk 20, 21/ Petrovski! Park 133 Philadelphia 105 Philip II 156 Philippines 68,152,181-2 picric-acid based explosives 39 Pikui, Vladimir 139 Poland 117 Popov, Vladimir 62 Port Arthur Squadron 14, 20, 22, 25,137 Port Arthur 3, 5,10,14-16, 20, 21/ 21, 23, շհք 25, 29, зо/ 81, 86, 99, ιοί, 116,124, 134,137,143,160,175,182,185 Portsmouth 85, no, 153 Portsmouth Peace Treaty. See Treaty of Portsmouth Potemkin. See Knioz Potëmkin Tavricheskiï Pre-Dreadnought 9,170,173,180,183 Prince of Wales 186 Programme for the Development and Reform of the Armed Forces of Russia 127 Propulsion. See coaling, diesel engine, steam engine, steam turbine protected cruiser 10, uf, 15í, 37, 38t,
43-4. 53, 60, 67, 70,120,186 protection. See armour, Krupp armour, longitudinal bulkhead, torpedo bulkhead, watertight compartments Putin, Vladimir 140 Q-ships 186 Queen Elizabeth class 173 Quelpart Island. See Jeju Island, radio 77,177 radiotelegraphy 41, 54 radiotelephony 177 rangefinder 217η. 131 Readiness Fleet 19 Red Cross Society 40 Regia Marina. See Royal Italian Navy, Rengő kantai shirei chőkan Yamamoto Isoroku 107 Repington, Charles à Court 155 Republic of China 158 Repulse 186 Restoration of 1868. See Meiji Restoration Reval 27, 28/ 30/ 133 Rion 215η. 121 River Kalka 131 Romania 117 Roosevelt, Theodore 83, 85,115,152-3,154/ 154,157,161,181,183 Root-Takahira agreement 183 Royal Italian Navy 168 Royal Sovereign class 7 Rozhestvenskiï, Zinoviï 25, 27, 29, 30/ 31-2, 34-5, 36/ 40, 43-5. 48, 50-1, 54, 58, 65, 77-9, 81, 84, 85/ 88, no, 111/ 114, 116-17,121-4,132,137,145/ 149,159-60, 176-7,188 Rubin, John 105 Rudnev, Vsevolod 125,138 Rus 53 Russia 1-6,10,12,14,16, 20, 25, 29, 33, 40, 61, 83-6, 90-1, 93, 98,101, no, 113-14, 116-20,127,129-31,134-5,140-1,151-2, 155-7,160,165-6,179,184-5,188-9,193 Russian Constitution of 1906 118 Russian Federation 130,140 Russian Manchurian Army 20, 23-4, 79 294
INDEX Russian war plans 16 Russo-Japanese agreement of 1907 134 Russo-Japanese relations 4,136 Russo-Japanese rivalry 5 Russo-Japanese Treaties 2 Russo-Japanese War 1, 7, 9-10,15t, 17/, 24, 88, 98,103,105-6,108-9,129,134,137, 140,143,156,163,166-7,169-71,175,179, 185,187,193; naval balance, 15t, See also Battle of Chemulpo, Battle of Liaoyang, Battle of Mukden, Battle of Nanshan, Battle of Sandepu, Battle of Shaho, Battle of Tsushima, Battle of Ulsan, Battle of the Yalu River, Battle of the Yellow Sea, Japan’s war plans, Russian war plans Russo-Turkish War of 1877-8 10, 25 Ryukyu Islands 3 Saddle Islands 35 Sado-maru 42/ Saigö Judo (Tsugumichi) 19 Saigon 60 Sainte-Marie Island 29 Saka no ue no kumo 108 Sakhalin 2, 84-5 Sakharov, Victor 115 Sakoku 1 Salter, John, 209η. 7 samurai 2,13,19 San Francisco Call 147,148/ Sankei Shimbun 108 Sankt-Peterburgskie vedomosti 232η. 68 Sasakawa Ryõichi 139 Sasebo 46/ 53, 66, 69/ 69, 84-5, 88,110 Satõ Tetsutarõ 90, 94 Satsuma domain 19 Search lights 61 Second Fleet 16, 22, 44 Second Pacific Squadron. See Baltic Fleet, Second World War 95,112,127 See also Pacific War Seiyiikai 91 Semenov, Vladimir 73,122,132 Sen to Chihiro no kamikakushi (film). See Spirited Away Seoul 4,16,18/ Serbia 119 Seton-Watson, Robert 119 Sevastopol 113 Severnaia Zemlia 127 Sha River 23 Shaho. See Battle of Shaho Shandong Peninsula 3, 5 Shanghai 30/ 35, 40, бо, 68, 84,152 shell 21, 50-1, 55, 57, 62, 67,72-3,75, 80, 95, 165,169-71 Shiba Ryõtarö 108 Shikishima շշք, 42/, 44, 48, 59/ 65 ƒ Shimose powder 74 Shinano-maru 41, 42/ 46/ Shinto 87,103 Shirakumo nf Showa,
Emperor 96,101 Shvede, Konstantin 64 Siberia 1,115 Siege of Port Arthur 20,182 Simplicissimus 151 Sims, William 161 Singapore 30/ 32, 77,186 Sissoi Velikii 43, 62 Six-Six Navy 12 Slava 31 Small Shipbuilding Programme 127 Smuta 117 Solent 110 Some Principles of Maritime Strategy (1911) 163 South Africa 157 South Carolina class 168 Soviet Navy 129,141 Soviet Union 129,134-5,137-40,193 Soya Straits. See La Perouse Straits Spanish Navy 33 Spanish-American War 33 Spask 137 Special Attack Units 93 Special Investigative Commission 121 Spirited Away 225η. 99 Spithead no St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral 132 St. Petersburg 3, 6,13, 25, 31, 68, 83,113, 118-19,126/ 132, ізз/ 133 135,138,139/ 146,156 Stafford Corbett, Julian 163 Stalin Prize 135-6 Stalin, Joseph 129,136-7 State Defence Council 127 State Duma 127 steam engine 167 steam turbine 172 steamer 25,127 Stepanov, Aleksandr 136 Stessei, Anatolil Mikhailovich 124 Strait of Malacca 32, 77 strategy 7, 33, 77, 81, 91, 93, 97,132, ։з6,147, 155,16ο, 190 submarine 127,164,175,180,184-7,191 Suez Canal 29, 32 295
INDEX Sugihara Chiune 228η. 127 Suikökai 105 Sun, Yat-sen 158 super dreadnought 173 Suvorov. See Kniaź Suvorov Suzuki Kantaro 61-2, 96 Svechin, Aleksander 136 Svetlana շ8ք 43, 67, 69/ Svir 68, 69/ Sweden 118 T crossing. See crossing the T tactical fleet control 176 Tadokoro Masayuki 91 Taiga dorama 108 Taimir 127 Taisho, Emperor 101 Takanuki Nobuhito 108 Takeshiki naval base 42 Takeshima. See Liancourt Rocks Tallinn. See Reval Tangier 29, 30/ Tatsuta 48 Teikoku kokubõ hõshin. See Imperial Defence Policy Temple of Salvation on the Waters. See Church of Christ the Saviour, Thames Marine Officer Training School no The Baltic Fleet 8/, 15t, 22, 24-5, շ6ք 27, 28/ 29. 3of, 31-5, 37, 41, 42Í 50-1, 54, 57, 61, 63, 69, 74,77-9, 81, 93,116,121,125,127-9, 132-5,137,143-4,149,151,156-7,161,173, 177,183 The Battle of Tsushima, 108 The Great Sea War, 106 The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 7 The New York Times 35,146 The Record of the Naval Battle of Tsushima. See Jitsuroku Nihonkai kaisen, The Sphere 144,145/ The Three Ages Okini-san. See Tri vozrasta Okini-san, The Times 144 The Yellow Sea, Battle of. See Battle of the Yellow Sea Third Army 20, 24-5 Third Fleet 16, 41, 44-5, 84,138 Third Pacific Squadron 29, 30/ 32 Three-Power Intervention 3 Tirpitz, Alfred von 179,185-6 Togo /inja. See Togo Shrine Togo Shrine 103-4,106, no, in/ Togo Mizrahi 203η. 59 Tõgõ Heihachirõ 3,16,19-22, 25, 27, 32, 34-5, 36/ 40-2, 44-6, 47/, 48, 50, 52, 5зƒ 54-8, 59/ бо, 63, 76-7, 79-81, 84, 8ļf 87, 88/ 88, 89/, 90, 95, 98-9, loof, 101, ւօշք, юз-6, loyf 107-10, ւււ£ 144,147,149, 150/
159-60,162-5,172,176,188 Tõhö studios 107 Tokiwa, 48, 49/ Tokubetsu kõgekitai. See Special Attack Units, Tokugawa dynasty 1 Tokyo 6, 24, 83, 86-7,101,103,114,119,139, 141,143,146 Tolstoy, Leo 130 Tora! Tora! Tora! (film) 107 Torpedo Boat Division, 11th 57 torpedo boat 10,12,14,15t, 28, 34, 37, 38t, 42, 44-5, 57-8, 60-2, 70, 74, 8o֊i, 127,164 torpedo bulkhead 75,176 torpedo 7,10,16, 21, 32, 34, 37, 38t, 52, 57, 61-2, 69/ 70, 74, 80-1, 97,164,167,171, 174-6,178,184-5,187 Toyotomi Hideyoshi 1 Trafalgar, Battle of. See Battle of the Trafalgar, Trans-Siberian railway 3-6,10,15-16, 122,185 transport ship 19, 22, 28-9,35,40,43, 67-8 traps 34 Treaty of Björkö 157 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 129 Treaty of Portsmouth 3, 85, 88,118-19,157 Tri vozrasta Okini-san 139 Tsarist regime 114,116-18,127,134-5,192 Tserkov Khrista Spasitelya. See Church of Christ the Saviour, Tsesarevich, 21 Tsugaru Strait 30/ 32, 35 Tsuruga 228η. 127 Tsushima Island 40-1,42/ 62-3, 98,110, աք Tsushima Moment 193 Tsushima obelisk 132 Tsushima Strait 25, ļof, 34, 42/ 42, 44, 81, 103,146,188 Tsushima, Battle of. See Battle of Tsushima tug 43, 53, 68 Tully, Anthony 188 turbine. See steam turbine TV-special period drama. See taiga dorama, 296
INDEX U-boat 186 Ueda Shin 108 Ulleungdo 58, 63, 66 Ulsan 22, 46/, 67, 69/ umi no shigeki 108 United States Navy 86, 90, 94,154,168, 181-3,185,188 See also Great White Fleet, War Plan Orange, Washington Treaty United States Seventh Fleet 105 United States Third Fleet 138 United States 4, 7, 83-4, 91,143,146,150/ 152-3,159,181,183 unprotected cruisers 10,15t, 38t Ural 43, 53, 55 Utyu Sotokichi 16, 57 Utsuryõ-tö. See Ulleungdo super dreadnought, submarine, torpedo boat, unprotected cruisers Washington Naval Conference of 1921-22. See Washington Treaty Washington Times 35,147,149 Washington Treaty 94,101 Washington 115,152,154 watertight compartment 75 weather. See Battle of Tsushima Weihaiwei 3,122 Wilhelm II, Kaiser 4, 25,157,179 wireless telegraphy 143,177 Witte, Sergei 118 World War I. See First World War World War II. See Second World War Wright brothers 186 Wusong 68 Vaigach 127 Variag 16,125,138 Versailles Peace Conference 86 Vickers Naval Construction Yard 105 Victory 105,110 Vigo 29, зoƒ 132 Vitgeft, Vilgelm 21 Vladimir 215η. i2i Vladimir Bay 65 Vladimir Monomakh 31, 43, 53, 62, 69/ 98 Vladivostok Independent Cruiser Squadron 22 Vladivostok 3,14-16, 20, 29, 30/, 33-5, 54, 58, 63-5, 66f, 67-8, 78, 81,123, 127,131,137, Ж, 147,149,159,163, 172,185 Voronezh 215η. 121 Volochaevka 137 Yakumo 48, 49/ 66 Yalu Delta 6 Yalu River 3,16,19-20 Yamagata Aritomo 89/ Yamamoto Gonnohyõe 19, 32, 89/ Yamamoto Isoroku 95-6 Yamamoto Isoroku, Commander in chief of the Combined Fleet (film). See Rengő kantai shirei Chokan Yamamoto Isoroku 107 Yamanashi Katsunoshin 105 Yamato damashii 93
Yamato class 97 Yamato 170 Yangtze River 35,157 Yaroslavl 215η. i2i Yashima 15t Yellow peril 4 Yellow Sea, Battle of. See Battle of the Yellow Sea Yokohama 87-8 Yoshimura Akira 108 Young School. See Jeune École Wakamiya 186 War Council 115 War Plan Orange 182 warships. See aircraft carrier, armed yacht, armoured cruisers, battlecruiser, battleship, capital ship, cruiser, destroyer, dreadnought, gunvessel, Pre-Dreadnought, protected cruiser, Z flag 46, 47/ 96, no, in/ Zemstvo 114 Zhemchug 43, 49/, 53, 60, 68, 69/ Zhytomyr 114 297 ( Bayerisch® І Síssísbibíioí^^ I
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CONTENTS List of Figures List of Maps List of Tables Conventions Abbreviations xix xxi xxiii xxv xxix i. Background i 2. The Battle 40 3. Japan’s Rise to Naval Prominence 83 4. Russia’s Shattered Naval Dream 113 5. Worldwide Reactions andAssessments 143 6. The Battle and Naval Development: Lessons Learned and Unlearned 7. Conclusion Appendix Notes Select Bibliograph}! Picture and Map Acknowledgements Index 166 1S8 195 199 253 283 287
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Archival Sources Germany Bundesarchiv, Militärarchiv Freiburg (BAMA) Japan National Archives of Japan, Japan Center for Asian Historical Record (JACAR), Tokyo Ministry of Defence, National Institute for Defence Studies (NIDS), Tokyo Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Diplomatic Archive, Tokyo Russia Rossiiskii Gosudarstvenniï Arkhiv Voenno-Morskogo Flota (RGAVMF), St Petersburg United Kingdom The National Archives, Kew, Greater London Admiralty Papers Foreign Office Papers East Riding of Yorkshire Archives, Beverley Pakenham, Sir William Christopher, Admiral: Reports, Correspondence, Letters and Photographs, 1904-1911 (PKM/2) United States Archives Branch, Naval History and Heritage Command, Washington, DC. Papers of Chester W. Nimitz, Box 63. 253
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Newspapers Austria-Hungary Machsike Hadas (Lviv) France La Croix (Paris) LAurore (Paris) La Dépêche (Toulouse) Le Figaro (Paris) Le Gaulois (Paris) Le Journal (Paris) Le Petit Parisien (Paris) L’Intransigeant (Paris) Germany Berliner Börsen-Zeitung (Berlin) Berliner Tageblatt (Berlin) Berliner Volks-Zeitung (Berlin) Königlich privilegíete Berlinische Zeitung (Berlin) Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (Berlin) Simplicissimus (Berlin) Great Britain Birmingham Mail (Birmingham) Daily Telegraph Courier (London) Eastern Daily Press (Norwich) Exeter and Plymouth Gazette (Exeter) Liverpool Echo (Liverpool) Newcastle Evening Chronicle (Newcastle) The Sphere (London) The Times (London) Japan Chūā Shimbun (Tokyo) Hõchi Shimbun (Tokyo) Japan Mail (Yokohama) Japan Times (Tokyo) Jiji Shimpö (Tokyo) Tõkyõ Asahi Shimbun (Tokyo) 254
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun (Tokyo) Täkyä Niroku Shimbun (Tokyo) Yomiuri Shimbun (Tokyo) Yorozu Chõhô (Tokyo) Russia Ha-Tsfira (Warsaw) Hasman (Vilnius) Morskoi Sborník (St Petersburg) Novoe Vremia (St Petersburg) Peterburgskaia Gazeta (St Petersburg) Russkoe Slovo (St Petersburg) Sankt-Peterburgskie vedomosti (St Petersburg) Voenni Golos (St Petersburg) United States Baltimore Evening Herald (Baltimore) Bismark Daily (North Dakota) Hawaiian Star (Honolulu) Littell’s Living Age (Boston) Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles) New York Tribune (New York) Nippu Jiji (Honolulu) Puck (New York) St. Louis Republic (Missouri) The Bemidji Daily Pioneer (Minnesota) The Daily Capital (Salem, Oregon) The Daily Press (Virginia) The Evening News (Washington, DC) The Evening World (New York) The New York Times (New York) The San Francisco Call (San Francisco) The Spokane Press (Washington) The Washington Times (Washington, DC) Topeka State Journal (Kansas) Waterbury Evening Democrat (Connecticut) Yamato Shimbun (Honolulu) 255
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Official Histories and Reports: General and Maritime Operations France. Opérations maritimes de la Guerre Russo-japonaise: historique officiel publié par ľEtatmajorgénéral de la marine japonaise, trans. Henri Rouvier (Paris: R. Chapelot, 1910-11). Germany. Der Japanisch-Russische Seekrieg 1904-1905. Amtliche Darstellung des Japa nischen Admiralstabes, 3 vols (Berlin: E. S. Mittler, 1910-11). Great Britain. Admiralty. Reports of the British Naval Attachés, 5 vols (London: Public Records Office, 1908; rep. Nashville, TN: Battery Press, 2003). Great Britain. Admiralty War Staff. Japanese Official Naval History of the RussoJapanese War, 2 vols (London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1913-14). Great Britain. Official History of the Russo-Japanese War, 5 vols (London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1906-10). Japan, Gaimushö. Nihon gaikõ bunsho: Nichiro senso, 5 vols (Tokyo: Gaimushö, 1958-60). Japan. Kaigun Gunreibu. Meiji 37-8 nen kaisen-shi, 2 vols (Tokyo: Naikaku Insatsukyoku, 1934). Japan. Kaigun Gunreibu. Meiji 37-8 nen kaisen-shi, 4 vols (Tokyo: Shun’yödö, 1909-10). Japan. Kaigun Gunreibu. Nihonkai daikaisen-shi (Tokyo: Naikaku Insatsukyoku, 1935). Japan. Rikugunshõ. Meiji gunjishi, 2 vols (Tokyo: Hara Shobö, 1966). Russia. Morskoi Generalni! Shtab. Voenno-istoricheskaia kommissiia po opisaniiu deistvil flota v võinu 1904-05 gg., Russko-iaponskaia voina 1904-05 gg., 7 vols (St Petersburg: Tip. V.D. Smirnova, 1912-18). Russia. Russko-iaponskaia voina 1904-05. Deistviaflota. Dokumenti, 13 vols (St Peters burg: Tip. V.D. Smirnova, 1907,1912-14) [five
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INDEX Note Figures and Tables are indicated by an italic “f” and “t ”, respectively, following the page number. For the benefit of digital users, indexed terms that span two pages (e.g., 52—53) may, on occasion, appear on only one of those pages. Abdul Hamid II, Sultan 157 Abe, Masahiro 103 Aboukir 249Ո.89 Admiral Nakhimov 43 Admiral Seniavin 43, 63 Admiral Ushakov class 31 Admiral Ushakov 43, 66,125 Admiralty Channel 133 aeroplane 184,186-7 Afflerbach, Holger 124 Africa 29 Age of Exploration 127 aircraft carrier 94-5, 97,186,190 airplane. See aeroplane Akagi 96 Akhmatova, Anna 113 Akitsushima 42/ Akiyama Saneyuki 33-4, 42,108 Akiyama Yoshifuru 108 Aleksandrovich, Aleksei 67,121 Aleksandrovich, Vladimir 115 Alexander III, Tsar ю Alfonso XIII of Spain, King 149 all-big-gun battleship 128,161,168,169/ 170,190 Almaz 43, 68, 69/, 69,131 American colonial authorities 68 Amerika-maru 42/ ammunition. See armour-piercing shells, explosives, picric-acid based explosives, Shimose powder Anadir 53, 68 Anglo-Russian relations 119 Anglo-Japanese Treaty 5 Angra Pequena 29 Annapolis too/ Antsiranana See Diego Suarez Argus 190 Ariake, 67 Arkhangelsk 127 armed yacht 43, 68 armour-piercing shells 73 armour 72, 75, 97,159,170-3 See also protection armoured cruisers 10,12,15í, 16, 37, 43-4, 48, 62, 64, 66, 70, 75,120-1, 170,173,178 artillery 39, 56/, 73, 80,174 Asahi 8/ 44, 49/, 59/ 64, 7oƒ 103 Asama 48, 49/, 50 Asian Library 140 Askold Island 68 ASW. See anti-submarine warfare, 97 Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal 157 Atlantic Ocean 9, 30/, 182-3,186 Aurora 43, 53, 56, 60, 68,138,139/ Austro-Hungary
113,119 auxiliary ship 32, 38t, 39,41,43-4, 50, 53-4, 57-8, 62, 76 See also auxiliary cruiser, hospital ship, transport ship, tug, Anadir, Irtish, Kamchatka, Kostroma, Rus, Shinano-maru Avelan, Fedor 27,121 Aziatskaia biblioteka. See Asian Library Azuma 48 Balfour, Arthur 28,185 Balkans Wars of 1912-13 119 Balkans 118 287
INDEX Baltic Fleet 8/ 22, 24-7, 28/ 30/ 31-5, 37, 38t, 42/ 50, 54, 57, 63, 70, 74, 77-9, 81, 93,116,121,125,127-9,132-5,137, 143-4,149,151,156-7,161,173,177,183, 25, 26/, 27-9, зо/ 34, 40, 79,123,127, 133,136,143-4,149,156,16ο, 165,183 Baltic region 117 Baltic Sea 10, 27, 29,129 Baltimore Evening Herald 147 Baranov, Nikolai 122 barnacles 76 Barrow-in-Furness 105 Battle Division, 1st 8/ 15t, 38t, 43/ 44, 46, 50, 52, 57, 95 Battle Division, 2nd 38t, 48, 51-2, 57 Battle Division, 3rd 53 Battle Division, 4th 44, 53, 57 Battle Division, 5th 52, 63 Battle Division, 6th 52 Battle of Chemulpo 16,138,140 Battle of Hampton Roads 166,183 Battle of Jutland 48,166,182,186,189-92 Battle of Lepanto 191 Battle of Liaoyang 23 Battle of Lissa 166 Battle of Manila 166 Battle of Midway 93, 95-6,166,191-2 Battle of Mukden 24, 83,116,137 Battle of Nanshan 20 Battle of Navarino 166 Battle of Shaho 23 Battle of Sandepu 24 Battle of the Nile 160 Battle of the Yalu River 3,19 Battle of the Yellow Sea 21, 22/ 23, 34-5, 48, 72-3, 78,132,160,169-70 Battle of Trafalgar 46, 87, no, 149,152,155, 162,165-6,182,190-1 Battle of Tsushima 1,16,19, 21, 25, 38t, 74, 76, 83, 86, 88, 90-1, 93, 95, 98,103/, 103-6,108-10,112,114,117-20,125, 128-30,132,134,139-41,143,159,163, 165-6,168,170-1,173,175,177-8,181,184, 186-7,189-93; armament 72-5; armour and structure 75-6; casualties 71, 216η. 124; communication and detection 77; consequences, international naval ranking 231η. 43; consequences, Japan 87-98; consequences, Russia 115-30; impact on naval development 165-87; leadership and preparedness 77-8; list of ships
195-7; losses 71; memory, Japan 98-112; memory, Russia 130-42; motivation 78-80; number of shells shot 216η. 127; plans before the battle 33-9; power balance on the eve of the battle 38t, 195-7; reactions, foreign decision makers 152-8; reactions, international media 143-52; reactions, Japan 83-7; reactions, naval specialists 158-65; reactions, Russia 112-15; speed 76-7; stages 41-71; strategy 81; tactics 80-1; tonnage of ships captured 221η. 27; tonnage of ships losses 71, 215η. і2з; weather 41, 43,54, 70, 74, 77, 80, 218η. і5б, See ako firing rate, gunnery, leadership, motivation Battle of Tsushima, memóriák. See Church of Christ the Saviour, Fukutsu, Japan-Russia Friendship Hill, Memorial Ship Mikasa, Togo Shrine, Tsushima obelisk Battle of Ulsan 22 battle plan 33-5, 81 battlecruiser 90-1, 97,173,186 See also Invincible class, Repulse Battles of Khalkhin Gol 137 battleship 7, 8^ 9-10,12,14,15t, 16, 20, 21í 22/ 23, 31-2, 35, 37, 38t, 39, 43-5, 47/, 50-1, 53-4, 55, 56/ 56-8, 59/. 62-4, 65/ 66-7, 70, 72, 75-6, 80, 88, 90-1, 93-5, 97,101,117,120,123, 126/ 127-9, 132, ізз/ 134-5,159,16ı, 163,165,167-8, 169/, 168-73,175-81,183,186-7,190, low-freeboard battleship, 62 See also all-big-gun battleship, Asahi, Borodino, Fuji, Gangut class, Hatsuse, Imperator Nikolai I, Imperator Aleksandr III, Kniaz Suvorov, Kniaz Potemkin Tavricheskii, Mikasa, Musashi, Navarin, Nassau class, Orel, Osliabia, Petropavlovsk, Prince of Wales, Sissoi Velikii, Slava, South Carolina class, Tsesarevich, Yamato, Yashima Bedoviï 65,122 Beiyang Fleet 3, 64, 93 Bely, Andrei 131 Beresford, Charles 177 Berlin
Treaty of 1878 119 Berliner Tageblatt 151 Berliner Volks-Zeitung 151 Bezuprechnii 67 Big Five 86 Big Shipbuilding Programme 127 Bikov, Pëtr 137 Birmingham 186 Bistrit 67 Black Sea Fleet 10, 25, 31,117,119-20 288
ÍNDEX Black Sea ю, 129 Blestiashchiï 60, 67 Blue-water strategy 7 Boborykin, Piotr 114 Bodri։ 60, 68 Bolshevik Revolution 129-30,134,138 Bonin Islands 3 Borodino class 63, 75,165 Borodino 43, 45,49/ 55՜7. 59/ Bosnia and Herzegovina 119 Bosnian Crisis of 1908-9 119,127 Bosphorus 119 Boston 110 Boxer Uprising 5-6 Bravii 68 Britain. See Great Britain British India 157 British Royal Navy 12, 90,128,179,191; British Mediterranean Fleet 177 Britton, Frank Guyver 209η. 7 Butnil 54,57, 67,149 Bukhvostov, Nikolai 52 Burke, Arleigh 105 Busan 32 bushido 108 Calcutta 152 Cam Ranh Bay 30/ 32 Cape Horn 156 Cape of Good Hope 25, 29 capital ship 10, 33, 37, 63, 73, 81, 90-1, 97, 101,127,129,159,170,172-5,178,181,186-7 See also auxiliary cruiser, battlecruiser, battleship, armoured cruiser Caucasus 117,152 Changwon. See Masanpo, 32 Chemulpo 16,18/, 138,140 Chicago Tribune iļof Chihaya 48 China 1, 3-5,10,19, 21, 93,101,118,152,158 Chinhae Bay. See Jinhae Bay, 32, 40, 42/ 42 Chitose 67 Church of Aleksandr Nevskii 134 Church of Christ the Saviour 133,135,140 Cinemascope 106 Ootids Above the HilL See Saka noue no kumo 108 coal 28-9, 65, 68, 75, 77,177 coaling 27, 30/ 156,165,177 coastal-defence battleships. See Admiral Seniorin, Admiral Ushakov, General Admiral Graf Apraksin Cohen, Eliot 188 Colomb, Philip Howard 9 Combined Fleet, Japanese 6,19-20,22,32, 34-5,37,38t, 39-40,42,43Í 86,95-6,137, ։б7 communication. See radiotelegraphy, radiotelephony, wireless telegraphy, Z flag Communist Party 129 Constanța 117 Constitution 110,112 Corbett, Julian 81,163,193 Cossacks 1,118 crossing the T 34, 50,
52, 61 cruiser 10, uf, 12,14,15t, 16,19-20, 22, 28/ 29, 31-2,37,38t, 40,41,43-5,48,51,53Í 53-7,59/ 60,62—5,66f 66-8,70,75,80,95,98,120-1, 125,132,138,139/139,173,175,178-9,184,186 See also battlecruiser, armoured cruiser, protected cruiser, unprotected cruiser, Admiral Nakhimov, Asama, Chitose, Diana, Itsukushima, Izumi, Iwate, Izumrud, Kaiserin Elisabeth, Kasagi, Matsushima, Oleg, Otowa, Svetlana Cuniberti, Vittorio Emanuel 168 Curtiss Pusher 186 Custance, Reginald 162 Dagelet Island. See Ulleungdo, 58, 63, 66 Dakar 29, 3of Damascus 157 Daveluy, René 164 De Rothschild, Alphonse James 149 Decisive Battle Doctrine 94-5,182 Decisive Battle for Okinawa. See Okinawa kessen, 107 Decoration of the Military Order of Saint George 125 Delcassé, Théophile 156 Derevyanko, Kuzma 138 Destroyer Division, 4th 61-2, 96 destroyer 10, nf, 14,15t, 16, 20, 34,37,38t, 43, 49/ 51, 53f 54, 58, 60-3, 65-8, 70, 74, 76, 8o֊i, 96,122,175,177,186 See also Ariake, Bedoviï, Bezuprechnii, Bistril, Bodril, Blestioshdiiï, Bravii, Buiniï, Gromki! Dewa Shigeto 220η. 6 Dewey, George 150/ Diana 132 Diego Suarez 68 diesel engine 177 Dikov, Ivan 127 Ding, Ruchang 64 Dmitri! Donskoi 43, 51, 53, 66-7 Dnieper 215η. 121 Dobrotvorskil, Leonid 29, 60 Dogger Bank 28,132 289
INDEX Dokdo. See Liancourt Rocks, 63 Dongfang zashi 152 Dreadnought 90-1, 92/, 159,173,180 Dreadnought 128,159,163,168,169/170,173, 179-81,183,187 Dreyer, Frederic 176 Dutch East Indies 152 East Asia 3-4, 25, 86,113,116,127,132,134, 137,141,152-3,155-7,181,183,190 Egawa Tatsuya 108 Egypt 152 Eight-Eight Fleet 91 Einstein, Albert 188 Ely, Eugene 186 Enkvist, Oskar 27,43, 54, 58, 60, 64, 68,77, 79,123· 138 Essen, Nikolai von 35 Etajima 13 Evans, David 15t, 46/ 53/ 97 explosives 73 Felkerzam, Dmitrii von 27, 29, 30/ 35 Fersen, Vasilit 64-5,125 FIFA World Cup of 2002 140 Finland 118,135 firing rate 72-3 First Army 16 First Cruiser Division 53 First Fleet 33 First Pacific Squadron 29, 30/ First Sino-Japanese War 3-4,12,19,108 First World War 91,112,119,128-9,134-5, 141,164,166,173,175,177, i8o-i, 183, 185-6,190,192-3 Fisher, John “Jacky” 162,168,170,172-3, 175,179-80,185,187 Fiske, Bradley Allen 161 Flottengesetze 179 fog 16, 40, 42, 54, 69, 77 See also weather France 3, 7,10, 28, 86,119,149,151,155-6, 164,173,179,181,190 Franco-Russian Alliance 155 Frankel, Jonathan 118 Fremantle, Edmund 163,170 French Navy 164,181,191 Frunze, Mikhail 129 Fuji 44, 4vf, 57, 59/ Fukuoka Prefecture 103 Fukutsu 103/ 103 Fushimi Hiroyasu 103 Gabon 29, 30/ Gandhi, Mohandas 157 Gangut class 128 General Admiral Graf Apraksin, 44, 63,103 George V, King 110 Germany 3,13,118-19,129,151,155-7,165, 179-81,185,189 Gojong, King of Korea 4 Gooch, John 188 Goto archipelago 40, 42/ 46/ 69/ Grand Fleet 176 Great Britain 5, 7, 9-10,19, 28, 87,105, 119,122,135,144,146-7,149, 150/ 151,
155-60,162-3,168,170,173,175,179-81, 186,189 Great Fish Bay 29, 30/ Great Game 155 Great Naval Battle of the Japan Sea. See Nihonkai dai kaisen, 107 Great War. See First World War, Great White Fleet 183/ 183 Gromku 67 Groznil 68 gunboat. See gunvessel, gunnery 25, 32, 72, 77, 81, 93,159, 161,165,170-1 ; accuracy, 57, 72-3, 160,174-5 guns 7,10, 21, 32, 35, 37, 38t, 41, 45, 55, 57, 62,72-3,104,121,124,128,155,159,161-2, 167-70,173-4 gunvessel 16, 31 Habi al-Matin 152 Halsey, William 138 Hamburg-Amerika Line 28 Hampton Roads. See Battle of Hampton Roads Hardinge, Arthur Henry 155 Hatsuse 15t Hawaii 182 Hibiya Park 83, 85 Hibiya Riots 85, 87 high-capacity shells (HC) 73 high-explosive AP shells 73 Hirohito, Crown Prince. See Showa, Emperor 101,102/ Hirose Takeo 99 Historical Drama of the Sea. See umi no shigeki, 108 Hitler, Adolf 151 hospital ship 40-1, 43, 53, 84 lessen, Karl 22 IJA. See Imperial Japanese Army Ijichi Hikojirö 48 IJN. See Imperial Japanese Navy 290
INDEX Iki 42/ 44, 4б/, 6զք Imperator Aleksandr ПІ 43, 45, 52, 55-6, 132, 133/ Imperator Nikolai I 31,43, 58, 61, 63-4, 65/ Imperial Council 6 Imperial Defence Policy 91 Imperial Duma 118,127 Imperial German Navy 177,179-80,185, 190,192 Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) 12,15, 84, 90-1,103,105,137 Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) 3, 6, 9,12-15, 15í, 19-20, 22/ 22-3, 25, 33-4, 38t, 39, 41-2, 53, 63-4, 71-2, 74-5, 77-8, 81, 88, 90-1, 93-5, 97-8,101,103,105,161-2,170, 175,182,185-6,192 See also Combined Fleet, Battle Division, ist; Battle Division, 2nd; Battle Division, 3rd; Battle Division, 4th; Battle Division, 5th; Battle Division, 6th; First Fleet, Second Fleet, Third Fleet, Torpedo Boat Division, 11th; Six-Six Navy, Eight-Eight Fleet, Navy Day Imperial Japanese Navy, officers, See Akiyama Saneyuki, Dewa Shigeto, Fushimi Hiroyasu, Hirose Takeo, Ijichi Hikojirö, Itö Masanori, Ito Sukeyuki, Kamimura Hikonojö, Kataoka Shichirö, Nagumo Chūichi, Narukawa Hakanı, Ogasawara Naganari, Suzuki Kantaro, Togo Heihachirö, Uryū Sotokichi, Yamamoto Gonnohyöe; Yamamoto Isoroku; Yamanashi Katsunoshin Imperial Naval Academy 13 Imperial Palace 83, 87 Imperial Russian Army (IRA) 15-16, 79, 116,120 Imperial Russian Navy (IRN) 9-10,13-14, 15։, 25, 31, 38t, 39, 53, 69,75, 79, 81, 97,ЮЗ, 117,119-21,123,125,127-9,135,141,155, 1б2,167,18ı, 185 See also Baltic Fleet, Black Sea Fleet, First Pacific Squadron; Pacific Squadron, Third Pacific Squadron, Readiness Fleet, Soviet Navy Imperial Russian Navy, officers. See Aleksandrovich, Aleksei; Avelan, Fedor; Enkvist, Oskar; Essen, Nikolai von; Bukhvostov, Nikolai;
Felkerzam, Dmitrii von; Fersen, Vasili!; lessen, Karl; Klado, Nikolai; Kolchak, Aleksander; Makarov, Stepan; Nebogatov, Nikolai; Popov, Vladimir; Rozhestvensklï, Zinoviï; Rudnev, Vsevolod; Shvede, Konstantin; Vitgeft, Vilgelm Inchon 140 India 152,157 International Court in the Hague 28 International Fleet Review no internment 68,122 Invincible class 173,179 IRA. See Imperial Russian Army Iran 68 IRN. See Imperial Russian Navy Irtish 67 Ise Grand Shrine 87 Istanbul 157 Itö Masanori 105 Ito Sukeyuki 32, 89/ Itsukushima 41 Ivanov, Viacheslav 131 Iwate 48, 49/ 66 Izumi 42/ 44, 62 Izumo 48 Izumrud 29, 43, 49/, 61, 63-5, 66/ 125 Izvolskiï, Aleksandr 119 Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force 109 Japan Naval Association. See Suikõkai, Japan Self-Defence Forces 109-10 Japan-Russia Friendship Hill 110,141 Japan 1-3, 6,10,12-13, 15, ^, 16,19-20, 22-5, 32-4, 40, 70, 78-9, 81, 84, 86-8, 90-1, 92/, 93-5, 98, 99/, 102/, 103/, 104-5,107,109-10,112,114-16,118-20, 122,129-30,132,134-41,147,151-3, 155-8,160,166,179,181-5, 189-90,193 Japan’s Longest Day. See Nihon no ichiban nagai hi, 107 Japan’s war plans 15,19 Japanese education system 78 Japanese government 6, 24, 83-4,105, no, 121 Japanese Ministry of Education 109 Japanese spirit. See Yamato damashii Jeju Island 40, 42/ Jellicoe, John 48,176 Jeune Ecole 7,12,178,181,190 Jewish community 117 Jiaozhou Bay 5 Jinhae Bay 32, 40, 42/ 42 JMSDF. See Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force 291
INDEX Joint Anny and Navy Board 181 Jutland. See Battle of Jutland Kagoshima 19 Kaigun kinenbi. See Navy Day Kaiserin Elisabeth 186 Kamchatka 1 Kamchatka 57 kamikaze. See Special Attack Units Kamimura Hikonojõ j6, 22, 36/ 48, 52, 57 Kaneko Kentaro 152 kantai kessen. See Decisive Battle Doctrine Kasagi 53 Kasuga 12,15t, 44, 49/ 64 Kataoka Shichirõ 16, 84 Katsura Taro 6, 85, 89/ Kiachow Bay. See Jiaozhou Bay Kiaochow 21 Kiel Canal 179 Kinen-kan Mikasa see Memorial Ship Mikasa Klado, Nikolai 31,132,184 Kniaz Potemkin Tavricheskii 117 Kniaz Suvorov 8f, 43, 45, 48, 50-2, 54, 57-8, 73, 77,125,126/ 132 Kolchak, Aleksander 134 Kongo 97 Korea Strait 22, 32, 35, 40, 42/ 42, 68,146 Korea 1, 3-6,16,19, 69/ 78, 86,118 Korean Peninsula 20, 32, 58 Koreets 16 Koreia 68 Kostroma 40, 53, 84 Kowshing 19 Kravchenko, Vladimir 56-7 Krokodil 137 Kronstadt 27,122-3, 123/ 129,133,137 Krupp armour 75 Kuprin, Aleksandr 113 Kuril Islands 1, 3,139 Kuronia 215η. 121 Kuropatkin, Aleksei 23,116 L-tactic 34 L'esprit de la guerre navale 164 La Croix 149 La Pérouse Strait 30/, 34-5,165 Lake Khasan 137 Lamsdorf, Vladimir 117 Lansdowne, 5th Marquess of 28,155 lantern parades 83 Le Petit Parisien 149 leadership 52, 77, 99,134,165,179,185 League of Nations 86 Lengerke Meyer, George von 116 Lenin, Vladimir 134 Lepanto, Battle of. See Battle of Lepanto Levitskil, Nikolai 136-7 Li-Lobanov Treaty 5 Liancourt Rocks 42/ 46/ 63 Liaodong Peninsula 3, 20, 23 Liaoyang 20 Liaoyang, Battle of. See Battle of Lioayang Libau 27, 29, 30/ 68,123 Liberté class 181 Liepaja. See Libau Livonia 215η. 121 London Straits Convention of
1841 10 longitudinal bulkhead 75 Lord Lansdowne. See Lansdowne, 5th Marquess of Los Angeles Times 146 Lviv 114 Machsike Hadas 114 Madagascar 29, 32, 68 Mahan, Alfred Thayer 7, 33, 76-7, 91,127, 159-61,163,178-9,183 Makarov, Stepan 20, 21/ Malacca Strait. See Strait of Malacca Manchuria-Korea exchange 5 Manchuria 3, 5-6,15-16, 20, 23-4,78-9,83, 117-20,137,143 Manila 60, 67-8, 79, 84,123,166 Marine Society 110 Marine-Rundschau 165 Maruyama, Seiji 107 Masanpo 32 Masaoka, Shiki 108 Matsuyama 227η. n6 Matsushima 53 McCully, Newton 162 media 84, 87,101,113,132,143, 49,152 Meiji Restoration 2,19,107 Meiji Теппо to Nichiro dai senso 106 Meiji, Emperor 2,83,87,89/ 99,101,106,154/ Memorial of the Battle of the Sea of Japan no Memorial Ship Mikasa 49/, 101,106, no, 138 See also Mikasa Mencken, H.L. 147 Menshikov, Mikhail 117,132 Meteor 215Ո. 121 Middle East 177 Midway. See Batde of Midway Mifune, Toshiro 107 Mikasa Preservation Society 101 292
INDEX Mikasa 45, 47-9, 53, 59, 75, 88, 89, 96, 97, 101-7, по, 138,141,170,195 See also Memorial Ship Mikasa, Mikasa Preservation Society Mikhailovich, Aleksandr 114 Military Misfortunes 188 mines 21/, 34, 45, 62, 73,127,129,174-6 Ministry of the Navy 12 Moscow 117,124,139 motivation 39, 54, 57, 71, 78-9,120 See also Yamato damashii Mukden 16, 23-4, 83,116,137 Musashi 170 Muslim countries 152 Nagasaki 1-2 Nagumo Chūichi 95-6 Narukawa Hakani 41 Nassau class 179 nationalism 78 Nauticus 165 Naval artillery. See artillery Naval Aviation Department 95 naval balance 15t, 38t Naval Cadet Corps 13, 25,132 Naval Council of War 123/ Naval General Staff 25, 99,125,128 naval mine. See mine naval battles. See Battle of Chemulpo, Battle of Hampton Roads, Battle of Jutland, Battle of Lepanto, Battle of Lissa, Battle of Manila, Battle of Midway, Battle of Navarino, Battle of the Nile, Battle of the Yellow Sea, Battle of Trafalgar, Battle of Tsushima, Battle of Ulsan naval observers 25, 71,162,166,169,188 naval power, ranking 202η. 47 naval race 7,166,180—1,187,190 naval tactic. See anti-submarine warfare, L-tactic, night attacks, tactical fleet control, crossing the T naval theory. See Corbett, Julian; Colomb, Philip Howard; Jeune École; Mahan, Alfred Thayer naval scare 179 naval strategy. See Blue-water strategy, Decisive Battle Doctrine, Jeune École Naval Strategy (1911) 160 Naval War College 33 naval weaponry. See aeroplane, guns, mines, torpedo, warships Navarin 43, 49/ 62, 69/ 175 Navarino. See Battle of Navarino Navy Day (Japan) 88 Navy Ministry 103,121,125,127 Nebogatov, Nikolai 29,
31-2, 34-5, 36/ 43, 45, 58, 60-1, 63-6, 65/ 77, 79-80,123-5, 137,149 Nehru, Jawaharlal 157 Nelson, Horatio 46, 87,144,149,150/ 160,162 neutrality 29,149; neutral ports, 28, 68, 71, 81 New Hampshire 85,153 Newcastle Evening Chronicle 144 Newport 33 Nichiroyükõ no oka. See Japan-Russia Friendship Hill Nicholas I, Tsar 33 Nicholas II, Tsar 10, 25, 27, 28/ 86,114-15, 118,124,132,154Í '57 night attacks 37,164,178 Nihon no ¡chiban nagai hi 107 Nihonkai dai kaisen 107 Nihonkai kaisen. See The Battle ofTsushima, 108 Niitaka 66-7 Nikolskii morskoi sobor 132. See St. Nicholas’ Naval Cathedral Nimitz, Chester 105-6 Nippon Times 105 Nippon Yūsen Company 41 Nishi-Rosen Agreement 5 Nishidomari 98 Nisshin 12,15t, 44, 49/, 52, 95 Nobel Peace Prize 154 Nogi Maresuke 20, 99,101,103,106 Nogi Shizuko 103 North Atlantic Squadron 33 North Sea 28, 30/ 81,179 Northeast Passage. See Northern Sea Route Northern Sea Route 127, 233η. 75 Norway 118,127 Nossi Bé 29, 30/ 79 Nosy Be. See Nossi Bé Nosy Boraha see Sainte-Marie Novikov-Priboi, Aleksei 135-6 Novoe Vremia 117,132 Occupation era 104-6 October Manifesto 118 Odessa 30/, 117 Ogasawara Islands. See Bonin Islands, Ogasawara Naganari 101 oil 177 Oka Yoshitake 90, no 293
INDEX Okinawa kessen, 107 Okinoshima. See General Admiral GrafApraksin Oleg uf, 29, 43, 53, 60, 68, 69/ Olga of Greece, Queen 133 Orel 32, 40-1, 43-5, 46/ 49f 53. 56/ 56, 63, 65/ bņf 123,135 Orvot See Orel Osliabia 35,45,48, 50-2, 57, 62, 75 Otowa 66-7 Ottoman Empire 152,19։ Outer Mongolia 86 Pacific Fleet 14-15,15t, 20-1, 24/, 34, 79, 81, 93,127,129,143 Pacific Ocean 3,10, 30/ 86, 90-1,118,125, 152-4,182-3,190 Pacific Squadron, 2nd. See Second Pacific Squadron Pacific War 93, 95-6,101,104 pacifism 227η. 125 Pakenham, William 80,169,188,190 Paléologue, Maurice 156 Panama Canal 182 Paris’s Le Journal 149 Parshall, Jonathan 46/ 53/188 Patalano, Alessio 97 Peace negotiations 79, 81, 83,116 peace treaty. See Treaty of Portsmouth Pearl Harbor 93, 95,182,186 Peattie, Mark 15t, 97 People’s Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs 129 Perry, Matthew 2 Persian Gulf 177 Peterburgskaia Gazeta 113 Petersburg 131 Petropavlovsk 20, 21/ Petrovski! Park 133 Philadelphia 105 Philip II 156 Philippines 68,152,181-2 picric-acid based explosives 39 Pikui, Vladimir 139 Poland 117 Popov, Vladimir 62 Port Arthur Squadron 14, 20, 22, 25,137 Port Arthur 3, 5,10,14-16, 20, 21/ 21, 23, շհք 25, 29, зо/ 81, 86, 99, ιοί, 116,124, 134,137,143,160,175,182,185 Portsmouth 85, no, 153 Portsmouth Peace Treaty. See Treaty of Portsmouth Potemkin. See Knioz Potëmkin Tavricheskiï Pre-Dreadnought 9,170,173,180,183 Prince of Wales 186 Programme for the Development and Reform of the Armed Forces of Russia 127 Propulsion. See coaling, diesel engine, steam engine, steam turbine protected cruiser 10, uf, 15í, 37, 38t,
43-4. 53, 60, 67, 70,120,186 protection. See armour, Krupp armour, longitudinal bulkhead, torpedo bulkhead, watertight compartments Putin, Vladimir 140 Q-ships 186 Queen Elizabeth class 173 Quelpart Island. See Jeju Island, radio 77,177 radiotelegraphy 41, 54 radiotelephony 177 rangefinder 217η. 131 Readiness Fleet 19 Red Cross Society 40 Regia Marina. See Royal Italian Navy, Rengő kantai shirei chőkan Yamamoto Isoroku 107 Repington, Charles à Court 155 Republic of China 158 Repulse 186 Restoration of 1868. See Meiji Restoration Reval 27, 28/ 30/ 133 Rion 215η. 121 River Kalka 131 Romania 117 Roosevelt, Theodore 83, 85,115,152-3,154/ 154,157,161,181,183 Root-Takahira agreement 183 Royal Italian Navy 168 Royal Sovereign class 7 Rozhestvenskiï, Zinoviï 25, 27, 29, 30/ 31-2, 34-5, 36/ 40, 43-5. 48, 50-1, 54, 58, 65, 77-9, 81, 84, 85/ 88, no, 111/ 114, 116-17,121-4,132,137,145/ 149,159-60, 176-7,188 Rubin, John 105 Rudnev, Vsevolod 125,138 Rus 53 Russia 1-6,10,12,14,16, 20, 25, 29, 33, 40, 61, 83-6, 90-1, 93, 98,101, no, 113-14, 116-20,127,129-31,134-5,140-1,151-2, 155-7,160,165-6,179,184-5,188-9,193 Russian Constitution of 1906 118 Russian Federation 130,140 Russian Manchurian Army 20, 23-4, 79 294
INDEX Russian war plans 16 Russo-Japanese agreement of 1907 134 Russo-Japanese relations 4,136 Russo-Japanese rivalry 5 Russo-Japanese Treaties 2 Russo-Japanese War 1, 7, 9-10,15t, 17/, 24, 88, 98,103,105-6,108-9,129,134,137, 140,143,156,163,166-7,169-71,175,179, 185,187,193; naval balance, 15t, See also Battle of Chemulpo, Battle of Liaoyang, Battle of Mukden, Battle of Nanshan, Battle of Sandepu, Battle of Shaho, Battle of Tsushima, Battle of Ulsan, Battle of the Yalu River, Battle of the Yellow Sea, Japan’s war plans, Russian war plans Russo-Turkish War of 1877-8 10, 25 Ryukyu Islands 3 Saddle Islands 35 Sado-maru 42/ Saigö Judo (Tsugumichi) 19 Saigon 60 Sainte-Marie Island 29 Saka no ue no kumo 108 Sakhalin 2, 84-5 Sakharov, Victor 115 Sakoku 1 Salter, John, 209η. 7 samurai 2,13,19 San Francisco Call 147,148/ Sankei Shimbun 108 Sankt-Peterburgskie vedomosti 232η. 68 Sasakawa Ryõichi 139 Sasebo 46/ 53, 66, 69/ 69, 84-5, 88,110 Satõ Tetsutarõ 90, 94 Satsuma domain 19 Search lights 61 Second Fleet 16, 22, 44 Second Pacific Squadron. See Baltic Fleet, Second World War 95,112,127 See also Pacific War Seiyiikai 91 Semenov, Vladimir 73,122,132 Sen to Chihiro no kamikakushi (film). See Spirited Away Seoul 4,16,18/ Serbia 119 Seton-Watson, Robert 119 Sevastopol 113 Severnaia Zemlia 127 Sha River 23 Shaho. See Battle of Shaho Shandong Peninsula 3, 5 Shanghai 30/ 35, 40, бо, 68, 84,152 shell 21, 50-1, 55, 57, 62, 67,72-3,75, 80, 95, 165,169-71 Shiba Ryõtarö 108 Shikishima շշք, 42/, 44, 48, 59/ 65 ƒ Shimose powder 74 Shinano-maru 41, 42/ 46/ Shinto 87,103 Shirakumo nf Showa,
Emperor 96,101 Shvede, Konstantin 64 Siberia 1,115 Siege of Port Arthur 20,182 Simplicissimus 151 Sims, William 161 Singapore 30/ 32, 77,186 Sissoi Velikii 43, 62 Six-Six Navy 12 Slava 31 Small Shipbuilding Programme 127 Smuta 117 Solent 110 Some Principles of Maritime Strategy (1911) 163 South Africa 157 South Carolina class 168 Soviet Navy 129,141 Soviet Union 129,134-5,137-40,193 Soya Straits. See La Perouse Straits Spanish Navy 33 Spanish-American War 33 Spask 137 Special Attack Units 93 Special Investigative Commission 121 Spirited Away 225η. 99 Spithead no St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral 132 St. Petersburg 3, 6,13, 25, 31, 68, 83,113, 118-19,126/ 132, ізз/ 133 135,138,139/ 146,156 Stafford Corbett, Julian 163 Stalin Prize 135-6 Stalin, Joseph 129,136-7 State Defence Council 127 State Duma 127 steam engine 167 steam turbine 172 steamer 25,127 Stepanov, Aleksandr 136 Stessei, Anatolil Mikhailovich 124 Strait of Malacca 32, 77 strategy 7, 33, 77, 81, 91, 93, 97,132, ։з6,147, 155,16ο, 190 submarine 127,164,175,180,184-7,191 Suez Canal 29, 32 295
INDEX Sugihara Chiune 228η. 127 Suikökai 105 Sun, Yat-sen 158 super dreadnought 173 Suvorov. See Kniaź Suvorov Suzuki Kantaro 61-2, 96 Svechin, Aleksander 136 Svetlana շ8ք 43, 67, 69/ Svir 68, 69/ Sweden 118 T crossing. See crossing the T tactical fleet control 176 Tadokoro Masayuki 91 Taiga dorama 108 Taimir 127 Taisho, Emperor 101 Takanuki Nobuhito 108 Takeshiki naval base 42 Takeshima. See Liancourt Rocks Tallinn. See Reval Tangier 29, 30/ Tatsuta 48 Teikoku kokubõ hõshin. See Imperial Defence Policy Temple of Salvation on the Waters. See Church of Christ the Saviour, Thames Marine Officer Training School no The Baltic Fleet 8/, 15t, 22, 24-5, շ6ք 27, 28/ 29. 3of, 31-5, 37, 41, 42Í 50-1, 54, 57, 61, 63, 69, 74,77-9, 81, 93,116,121,125,127-9, 132-5,137,143-4,149,151,156-7,161,173, 177,183 The Battle of Tsushima, 108 The Great Sea War, 106 The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 7 The New York Times 35,146 The Record of the Naval Battle of Tsushima. See Jitsuroku Nihonkai kaisen, The Sphere 144,145/ The Three Ages Okini-san. See Tri vozrasta Okini-san, The Times 144 The Yellow Sea, Battle of. See Battle of the Yellow Sea Third Army 20, 24-5 Third Fleet 16, 41, 44-5, 84,138 Third Pacific Squadron 29, 30/ 32 Three-Power Intervention 3 Tirpitz, Alfred von 179,185-6 Togo /inja. See Togo Shrine Togo Shrine 103-4,106, no, in/ Togo Mizrahi 203η. 59 Tõgõ Heihachirõ 3,16,19-22, 25, 27, 32, 34-5, 36/ 40-2, 44-6, 47/, 48, 50, 52, 5зƒ 54-8, 59/ бо, 63, 76-7, 79-81, 84, 8ļf 87, 88/ 88, 89/, 90, 95, 98-9, loof, 101, ւօշք, юз-6, loyf 107-10, ւււ£ 144,147,149, 150/
159-60,162-5,172,176,188 Tõhö studios 107 Tokiwa, 48, 49/ Tokubetsu kõgekitai. See Special Attack Units, Tokugawa dynasty 1 Tokyo 6, 24, 83, 86-7,101,103,114,119,139, 141,143,146 Tolstoy, Leo 130 Tora! Tora! Tora! (film) 107 Torpedo Boat Division, 11th 57 torpedo boat 10,12,14,15t, 28, 34, 37, 38t, 42, 44-5, 57-8, 60-2, 70, 74, 8o֊i, 127,164 torpedo bulkhead 75,176 torpedo 7,10,16, 21, 32, 34, 37, 38t, 52, 57, 61-2, 69/ 70, 74, 80-1, 97,164,167,171, 174-6,178,184-5,187 Toyotomi Hideyoshi 1 Trafalgar, Battle of. See Battle of the Trafalgar, Trans-Siberian railway 3-6,10,15-16, 122,185 transport ship 19, 22, 28-9,35,40,43, 67-8 traps 34 Treaty of Björkö 157 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 129 Treaty of Portsmouth 3, 85, 88,118-19,157 Tri vozrasta Okini-san 139 Tsarist regime 114,116-18,127,134-5,192 Tserkov Khrista Spasitelya. See Church of Christ the Saviour, Tsesarevich, 21 Tsugaru Strait 30/ 32, 35 Tsuruga 228η. 127 Tsushima Island 40-1,42/ 62-3, 98,110, աք Tsushima Moment 193 Tsushima obelisk 132 Tsushima Strait 25, ļof, 34, 42/ 42, 44, 81, 103,146,188 Tsushima, Battle of. See Battle of Tsushima tug 43, 53, 68 Tully, Anthony 188 turbine. See steam turbine TV-special period drama. See taiga dorama, 296
INDEX U-boat 186 Ueda Shin 108 Ulleungdo 58, 63, 66 Ulsan 22, 46/, 67, 69/ umi no shigeki 108 United States Navy 86, 90, 94,154,168, 181-3,185,188 See also Great White Fleet, War Plan Orange, Washington Treaty United States Seventh Fleet 105 United States Third Fleet 138 United States 4, 7, 83-4, 91,143,146,150/ 152-3,159,181,183 unprotected cruisers 10,15t, 38t Ural 43, 53, 55 Utyu Sotokichi 16, 57 Utsuryõ-tö. See Ulleungdo super dreadnought, submarine, torpedo boat, unprotected cruisers Washington Naval Conference of 1921-22. See Washington Treaty Washington Times 35,147,149 Washington Treaty 94,101 Washington 115,152,154 watertight compartment 75 weather. See Battle of Tsushima Weihaiwei 3,122 Wilhelm II, Kaiser 4, 25,157,179 wireless telegraphy 143,177 Witte, Sergei 118 World War I. See First World War World War II. See Second World War Wright brothers 186 Wusong 68 Vaigach 127 Variag 16,125,138 Versailles Peace Conference 86 Vickers Naval Construction Yard 105 Victory 105,110 Vigo 29, зoƒ 132 Vitgeft, Vilgelm 21 Vladimir 215η. i2i Vladimir Bay 65 Vladimir Monomakh 31, 43, 53, 62, 69/ 98 Vladivostok Independent Cruiser Squadron 22 Vladivostok 3,14-16, 20, 29, 30/, 33-5, 54, 58, 63-5, 66f, 67-8, 78, 81,123, 127,131,137, Ж, 147,149,159,163, 172,185 Voronezh 215η. 121 Volochaevka 137 Yakumo 48, 49/ 66 Yalu Delta 6 Yalu River 3,16,19-20 Yamagata Aritomo 89/ Yamamoto Gonnohyõe 19, 32, 89/ Yamamoto Isoroku 95-6 Yamamoto Isoroku, Commander in chief of the Combined Fleet (film). See Rengő kantai shirei Chokan Yamamoto Isoroku 107 Yamanashi Katsunoshin 105 Yamato damashii 93
Yamato class 97 Yamato 170 Yangtze River 35,157 Yaroslavl 215η. i2i Yashima 15t Yellow peril 4 Yellow Sea, Battle of. See Battle of the Yellow Sea Yokohama 87-8 Yoshimura Akira 108 Young School. See Jeune École Wakamiya 186 War Council 115 War Plan Orange 182 warships. See aircraft carrier, armed yacht, armoured cruisers, battlecruiser, battleship, capital ship, cruiser, destroyer, dreadnought, gunvessel, Pre-Dreadnought, protected cruiser, Z flag 46, 47/ 96, no, in/ Zemstvo 114 Zhemchug 43, 49/, 53, 60, 68, 69/ Zhytomyr 114 297 ( Bayerisch® І Síssísbibíioí^^ I |
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| author | Ḳovner, Rotem 1960- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)17390159X |
| author_facet | Ḳovner, Rotem 1960- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Ḳovner, Rotem 1960- |
| author_variant | r ḳ rḳ |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048676125 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1371327621 (DE-599)BVBBV048676125 |
| dewey-full | 952.031 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 952 - Japan |
| dewey-raw | 952.031 |
| dewey-search | 952.031 |
| dewey-sort | 3952.031 |
| dewey-tens | 950 - History of Asia |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV048676125 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:23:59Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:45:48Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780198831075 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034050587 |
| oclc_num | 1371327621 |
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| physical | xxviii, 297 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20230426 BSBWK1 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
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| publisher | Oxford University Press |
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| series2 | Great battles |
| spelling | Ḳovner, Rotem 1960- Verfasser (DE-588)17390159X aut Tsushima Rotem Kowner Oxford Oxford University Press 2022 xxviii, 297 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Great battles Includes bibliographical references and index The story of how the Japanese Imperial Navy defeated the Russian Imperial Navy in 1905, marking the first modern victory of an Asian power over a major European power. Tsushima, Battle of, 1905 Seeschlacht von Tsushima (DE-588)4135004-2 gnd rswk-swf Seeschlacht von Tsushima (DE-588)4135004-2 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-19-195357-6 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034050587&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034050587&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034050587&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Ḳovner, Rotem 1960- Tsushima Tsushima, Battle of, 1905 Seeschlacht von Tsushima (DE-588)4135004-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4135004-2 |
| title | Tsushima |
| title_auth | Tsushima |
| title_exact_search | Tsushima |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Tsushima |
| title_full | Tsushima Rotem Kowner |
| title_fullStr | Tsushima Rotem Kowner |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tsushima Rotem Kowner |
| title_short | Tsushima |
| title_sort | tsushima |
| topic | Tsushima, Battle of, 1905 Seeschlacht von Tsushima (DE-588)4135004-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Tsushima, Battle of, 1905 Seeschlacht von Tsushima |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034050587&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034050587&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034050587&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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