Post-utopian spaces: transforming and re-evaluating urban icons of socialist modernism
"Featuring up-to-date and insightful analyses and comparative case studies from a plethora of countries, this timely book explores 'ideal' socialist cities and their transformation under new socio-economic and political conditions after the fall of communism. Written in an accessible...
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| Other Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London ; New York
Routledge
2023
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| Series: | Routledge contemporary perspectives on urban growth, innovation and change
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Summary: | "Featuring up-to-date and insightful analyses and comparative case studies from a plethora of countries, this timely book explores 'ideal' socialist cities and their transformation under new socio-economic and political conditions after the fall of communism. Written in an accessible and engaging style, this book will be of interest to students and scholars in urban studies, human geography, sociology, social anthropology, spatial planning and architectural practice"-- |
| Physical Description: | xii, 234 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781032197685 9781032197692 |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804184787217285120 |
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| adam_text | Contents List of Figures vii List of Tables x List of Contributors 1 Introduction: Socialist Urban Utopias and Their Continuing Transformations xi 1 MIKHAIL ILCHENKO AND VALENTIN MIHAYLOV 2 Rises and Falls of New Socialist Cities 12 VALENTIN MIHAYLOV 3 Uralmash: Re-Imagining Utopia, Re-Constructing Urban Space 33 MIKHAIL ILCHENKO 4 Zaporizhzhia: The Socialist City as a Cultural Model 58 PAVLO KRAVCHUK 5 Tychy: From a Dormitory Town to a Large Industrial Centre 81 JERZY RUNGE 6 Eisenhüttenstadt: Urban Heritage in Transformation 99 CAROLA NEUGEBAUER 7 Ostrava-Poruba: A ‘Pure’ Socialist City in Change and Permanence 121 DANIEL TOPINKA 8 Dunaújváros: Transforming and Re-Branding the Largest New Town of Hungary’s State-Socialist Era KORNÉLIA KISSFAZEKAS AND MELINDA BENKO 140
vi Contents 9 New Belgrade: From a Socialist Ideal to a Fragmented Space of Fashionable Architecture 160 ZLATA VUKSANOVIČEM ACUR A 10 Dimitrovgrad: A Bulgarian Construction of the 20th Century 179 VALENTIN MIHAYLOV 11 Velenje: A Local Community’s Quest for Its Town Heritage and Identity 199 ANA KLADNIK 12 Conclusion: Post-Utopian Spaces in Search of Alternative Urban Policies 218 VALENTIN MIHAYLOV AND MIKHAIL ILCHENKO Index 228
Index Page numbers followed by n indicate notes. accelerated industrialisation 14, 184-185; see also industrialisation; forced industrialisation; rapid industrialisation ageing 112, 131, 133, 149, 153; population ageing 89, 133; ageing population 135, 154; see also demographic ageing agrotown, 17 Ajka, Hungary 141 Aktau, Kazakhstan 21 alternative narrative 195 alternative tourism 193 americanism 58, 59, 70 Angarsk, Russia 24 Antiquity 125; classical antiquity 189 architectural heritage 4, 35, 45, 47-48, 153, 156-157, 187, 208, 226 architectural legacy 193, 224, 226 architectural monuments 43, 48 ‘Architectural Promenade’, Dunaújváros 153, 222; see also Dunaújváros Armenia 19 artworks 153, 155; see also public art; public artworks ATRIUM project, 189, 194, 212; ATRIUM network 192 avant-garde 17-18; ‘avant-garde heritage’ 45, 101; avant-garde principles 38; ‘avant-garde’ architectural composition 38; avant-garde constructions 44; avant-garde constructivist architecture 40; ‘Communal Avant-Garde’ 46 Azerbaijan 19 Balkans 5, 27, 222 Baltic countries 13 Baltic states 13, 26 Bauhaus 224; Bauhaus school 26; Bauhaus in Ural’ 44; Bauhaus brand 44; Bauhaus Architect 44; International Bauhaus Zaporizhzhia Conference 76 Baykonur, Kazakhstan 21 Belarus 21, 26, 70 Belgrade, Serbia 160, 161, 163, 166, 167, 172; Belgrade Institute of Urban Planning 164; Belgrade Master Plan of 1923 162; Belgrade’s suburbs 162; Belgrade’s urbanism 170; Master Plan 172; Institute for Development Planning of the City ofBelgrade 168; Master Plan for the Beautification and Enlargement of Belgrade in 1921-1922
161; new Belgrade Master Plan 163; The Belgrade Master Plan until 2021 172; The 1950 Belgrade Master Plan 164; see ako New Belgrade Berlin, Germany 102, 112, 184; the Berlin Wall 107 Budapest, Hungary 141, 149, 150, 156 Bulgaria 9, 20, 185-190; Bulgarian National Television 9; post-war Bulgaria 184; communist Bulgaria 185; Bulgarian national memory 188; Bulgarian society 184, 186, 188, 192; Bulgarian art 187; Bulgarian television 190; Bulgarian Tourist Union 193; Bulgarian urban utopia 194; Northern Bulgaria 194; Bulgaria’s accession to the European Union 224 capitalist working-class cities 18 Caucasus 19 Central and Eastern Europe 4, 20, 24, 88, 94, 160, 222 Central Asia 19 Central Europe 5, 17, 26, 27, 193; post-war Central Europe 7 Chernobyl nuclear plant, Ukraine 22; Chernobyl accident 206
Index ‘City idealism’ 12 city-forming industrial plant 17; city-forming industrial base 19; city-forming enterprises 25, 62; city-forming function 225 ‘City of Dreams’ 187, 193 Coalmining Museum of Slovenia 204, 211 collectivism 15, 65, 215; Soviet collectivism 68 communal flats 24, 77 communal house 16; communal houses 27 communication infrastructure 112, 114 communism 124, 128, 151, 180, 184, 193, 212 ‘communism heritage’ 212 communist regime 128, 134, 142, 163 company towns 14, 18 complex legacy 58 constructivism 17, 63, 73 cultural events 51, 91, 184 cultural heritage 26, 35, 44, 45, 76, 100, 181, 189, 192, 206, 208 cultural industries 50 cultural initiatives 7, 26 cultural legacy 27, 43 cultural model 7, 58-59 cultural model of a Sotsmisto 58, 78; mass cultural model of urban life 77; see also Sotsmisto and Zaporizhzhia Czech Republic 121, 125, 133 Danube, river 8, 140-141, 146-147, 149, 150-151, 154-157, 161, 164, 172 decentralisation 66, 75, 123, 164, 166-167 decommunisation 73-74, 186 de-ideologisation 5, 26, 82 deindustrialisation 5, 22, 24, 122, 128, 150, 192 demographic ageing 6, 22, 81 departmentalism 68; ‘departmentalism’ 62 de-Stalinisation 21 difficult heritage 118; see also dissonant heritage; embarrassing legacy Dimitrov, Georgi 181, 183-184, 186, 195; Georgi Dimitrov’s statue 190 Dimitrovgrad, Bulgaria 9, 20, 22, 179-195, 220, 222-224; ‘Bulgaria Boulevard’ 190; Bulgarian construction of the 20th century 9, 190-191, 194, 224; Bulgarian (post) utopian space 190; Bulgarian urban utopia 181; Bulgaria’s largest marketplace 9; icon of socialist modernisation
187; modernist urban utopia 180; Poetry Square 194; post-utopian space 196; (post)utopian town 184 229 dissonant heritage 179, 222 disurbanism 15 ‘disurbanists’ 60 Dnieper Hydroelectric Station 58; Dnieper hydroelectric power station 61 Dnieper, river, Ukraine 58, 61, 64, 70 Dniprobud 58, 61-63 dormitory town, 7, 83, 85, 89, 94—95, 175; E Dubna, Russia 20, 23 Dunapentele, Hungary 141, 143, 149; see also Dunaújváros Dunaújváros, Hungary 8, 22, 25-26, 140-141, 143-147, 149, 151-157, 219-220, 222-224; artistic initiatives 155; branding 149; city branding 140, 155; Dunaújváros Marketing Plan 156; Dunaújvárost brand 156; Institute of Contemporary Art 151; new brand 156; Ironworks 143-144, 146, 148-149, 155-156; new brand-building strategy 156; old brand 156; Vasmű Road 144-146, 150-153 East-Central Europe 2, 6, 9, 20, 160, 193, 99 Eastern Europe 2, 12—13, 18, 20, 22, 27, 167, 218; see also Central and Eastern Europe East Germany 20-21, 24, 108, 117 Eisenhüttenstadt 8, 20, 22, 24, 99, 101, 104-109, 111-118, 219-221, 223-224; icon of post-war urbanisation 8; icon of socialism 99; icon of socialist urban development 101; Magistrale 8, 102, 104-105, 112, 114-115; the ‘first socialist city in Germany’ 99-101; EKO Wohnstadt 99, 101-104, 107; EKO 102, 104-105, 107-109, 111, 116, 117-118; EKO factories 103; EKO Gate Square 114; ECO plant 105; see also Eisenhüttenstadt embarrassing legacy 223 Estonia 19 Europe 109, 163, 211 European heritage 77 European Union 200, 211, 224 European urban planning 77 external image 188 external narratives 111 everyday life 26, 61, 65, 69, 151 ‘fallen
utopias’ 28; ‘unrealised utopia’ 46; ‘unrealised’ or ‘unfinished’ utopia 4; failed utopia 188 fashionable architecture 172, 174
230 Index forced industrialisation 59, 77; forced socialist industrialisation 82; see also industrialisation; rapid industrialisation; accelerated industrialisation functional city 168, 170, 172, 174-175, 221; see also New Belgrade functional zones 164 functional zoning 226 garden city 3, 14, 16, 17, 204, 218 GDR, German Democratic Republic 8, 20, 99, 101-104, 107-109, 111-113, 115, 200, 221, 224 genius loci 8, 121, 137 Georgia 19 Germany 21, 82-83, 99, 154; Federal Republic of Germany 99; see also East Germany; GDR; West Germany global utopianism 192; see ako utopia Gorenje, company, Velenje, Slovenia 9, 174, 205, 207, 211, 214 Gramsci, Antonio 59 green area 210; green areas 21, 84, 89, 157, 167, 171-173, 192, 195, 205; green space 102-104, 106, 121, 156; green spaces 8, 104, 136, 165, 167, 172; urban green space planning 103; green zones 222 Handlová, Czech Republic 124 Havířov, Czech Republic 25-26, 124 heritage discourse 44, 180, 224 heritage-making 101, 222 heritage narrative 115-116, 214 historical legacy 192; historical and physical legacy 13; see also cultural legacy; ‘material’ legacy Hoyerswerda, Germany 24 Howard, Ebenezer 16, 146, 218; Howardian concept 17; Howard’s garden-city 37; the garden city of Howard 146; see ako garden city Hungary 8, 20, 59, 140, 147, 149, 153-154, 195 ideal city 7, 12, 22, 121, 131, 183; ideal cities 12-13, 17, 26, 28, 34, 218 ideal towns 82, 195; ‘ideal towns’ 17 identity 22, 25, 100, 130, 141, 179-184, 188, 199-200, 208, 215; see ako local identity; socialist identity; spatial identity; urban identity identity narratives 215
industrialisation 15-16, 85, 107, 122-123, 135, 140-141, 163, 183, 199, 218 industrial cultural heritage 211 industrial zone 85, 94, 181, 202 intangible heritage 100; see also tangible and intangible heritage Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Poland 21, 25 Katowice conurbation, Poland 82, 89, 95 Katowice, Poland 82-83, 85, 87, 93, 95 Katowice Special Economic Zone 88; see also Tychy Karaganda, Kazakhstan 24 Kazakhstan 20-21 Kazimierz and Hanna Wejchert 84; see ako Tychy Kazimierz Dolny, Poland 85 Kazincbarcika, Hungary 141, 182 Khrushchev, Nikita 40, 104-105, 147; ‘Khrushchev Thaw’21; see ako de-Stalinisation Kingdom of Yugoslavia 161; see ako Yugoslavia Kiselevsk,Russia 23 Kladno, Czech Republic 124 Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russia 18, 179 Korpnik, Nande 207-210, 212 Kovalevsky, George 162 Kurchatov, Russia 21 Kyiv, Ukraine 4, 60, 74 labour force 71, 134, 150, 201 Latvia 19 Le Corbusier 63, 201, 202; Le Corbusier’s machine house 21; Le Corbusier’s Ville Radieuse 59 Lefebvre, Henri 161, 171, 174 leftist utopianism 59; see also socialist utopia, utopia legacy-related policy 7 Leipzig, Germany 185, 220 Leningrad 60; see also Saint-Petersburg Lenin monument, Zaporizhzhia 74 Leninsk-Kuznetskiy, Russia 18, 23 Leninvaros, Hungary 141 Leucht, Kurt 102-103; Leucht’s planning 104; Leucht’s core city, 105, 109, 116 Lipok-Bierwiaczonek, Maria 92 Lithuania 19, 21, 195 local identity 27, 38, 41, 91, 137, 155-156, 195, 223 local cultural heritage 222 Lynch, Kevin 122, 129-130 Magnitogorsk, Russia 18-19, 23-24, 26, 77, 179 Maribor, Slovenia 211 marketisation 221-222
Index mass housing 21, 40, 63, 104, 146, 166 ‘material’ legacy 226 May, Ernst 17, 26 media discourse 189; see also public discourse Meduna, Vladimir 125 Milyutin, Nikolay 60-61 mini-utopianism 191, 221; minimalist market utopianism 192 modernist architectural legacy 151 modernist architecture 16, 26, 164, 189, 192, 202, 212, 214, 222-224 Mohács, Hungary 141 monofhnctionality 81-82, 95; economic monofunctionality 89; monofunctionality of housing 95; housing monofunctionality 95; industrial monofhnctionality 95 monotowns 23, 42 monument protection 104, 115 Moscow, Russia 4, 9, 46, 60, 62-63, 184, 220 Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia 24 Nefteyugansk, Russia 25 neoliberal capitalism 107, 117, 118 neoliberal incarnations of the urban economy 188 neoliberal interventions 176 neoliberalism 25, 180, 215, 219 neoliberal market 107, 160 neoliberal policies 220 neoliberal political discourse 51 neoliberal practices 220 neoliberal public landscape 187 neohberal social practices 223 neoliberal space 9, 161 neohberal transformation 179 neohberal urban pohcy 220; see ako urban pohcy Neryungri, Russia 21 New Athens Charter 93 New Belgrade, Serbia 8-9, 160-176, 219-224; Belgrade’s dormitory’ 167, 175; icon of the socialist and nonahgned Yugoslavia 160; New Belgrade Master Plan 165; see ako Belgrade new cities 6-7, 14-23, 27, 82, 96, 140, 218, 221-222, 226 new city brands 4; see also re-branding; Dunaújváros New Kharkiv, Ukraine 18, 26, 77 new man 15, 123, 184, 225 new socialist cities 23-25, 27-28, 38, 52, 94, 143, 219, 225-226 new urban narratives 224 Nizhnekamsk, Russia 21, 23 231
Nizhnevarstovsk, Russia 25 Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia 18, 26 Norilsk, Russia 23 Nová Dubnica, Czech Repubhc 124 Novokuznetsk, Russia 17-18, 23-24, 179 Novo Velenje, Slovenia, Yugoslavia see Velenje Novovoronezh, Russia 21 Novy Urengoy, Russia 25 Nowa Huta, Poland 7, 25-26, 82, 182, 193; Nowa Huta’s Crazy Guide 212 . Obninsk, Russia 21 Old Oleksandrivsk, Ukraine see Zaporizhzhia Onesti, Romania 25 Ostrava 8, 121-124, 127-129, 131-133, 135, 137 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Repubhc 121-123, 125-126, 128, 134-136; Old Porubá 130; ‘Great Porubá’ 133; ‘New Ostrava’ 123, 125; Porubá 8, 20, 25-26, 121-125, 127-130, 132-137; Porubá Castle 128; Poruba’s church 131; Porubá-Ves 130—131; Porubá Vozovna 130-131; Roman Cathohc Church 131; Technical University of Ostrava 130-131 path dependence 81, 95 Penev, Penyo 181, 183-184, 195, 196nl-196n2; Penyo Penev HouseMuseum 193; Penyo Penev Museum 185; socialist reahsmpoet 183, 181, 185 peripheralisation 99, 108, 111, 113; territorial peripheralisation 114; town’s territorial peripheralisation 118; ‘territorial peripheralisation of the town’ 221 physical space 7, 53, 112, 128-129, 137, 175, 220 planned city 3, 6, 8, 13, 14, 24, 25, 36, 52, 146 Poland 7, 21, 82-84, 87-87, 94֊96n2, 195 polycentric urban region 94-95 population dechne 4-5, 22, 24, 58, 81 population growth 21, 24, 84 post-industrial utopias 181 post-modernist utopian beliefs 194 post-socialism 1, 99—100, 116, 133, 215 post-socialist city 222; post-socialist cities 48, 90, 122, 149, 179, 180, 211 post-socialist development 6—7 ‘post-socialist realism’ 221 post-sociahst transition 134, 220
232 Index post-sociahst transformation 82, 108, 121-122, 127-128, 136-137, 140-141, 147, 149, 160, 224 post-Soviet republics 13 ‘post-utopian cities’ 5 post-utopian development 219 post-utopian reality 25 (post)utopian urbanism 224, 226 prefabricated blocks 27 Pripyat, Ukraine 21-22, 24 privatisation 88, 107-109, 129, 135, 148-149; controversial privatisation process 43; privatisation project 128; post-privatisation 154; rapid housing privatisation 170; privatisation 172, 173; ruthless privatisation 220 public art 8, 140-142, 146-147, 149, 154, 156, 222; public artworks 155 public discourse 3, 35, 41, 50, 75, 223 public narratives 9 public perception 3, 35, 180, 186, 188 ‘pure’city 124-125, 131, 136-137; ‘pure city’ New Ostrava 121, 122 Radev, Rumen 183, 193 rapid industrialisation 33, 128; see ako industrialisation; forced industrialisation; accelerated industrialisation re-branding 8, 140, 149, 212; see also Dunaújváros reindustrialisation 187 Renaissance 85, 125 Renaissance city of Zamor 82; see aho Renaissance re-sacralisation 82 residential area 33, 38, 66, 81, 89, 141-143, 149, 156, 220; residential zones 66, 121, 123-124, 129, 137, 146, 149, 156; residential space 15; ideal socialist residential space 8; see aho residential districts residential building 16, 68, 83, 129, 143-146, 166, 182, 189, 205; residential blocks 156, 166, 170, 174 residential districts 14, 42, 143, 153; ‘residential neighbourhood’ 41; residential neighbourhood 39, 84, 141-143, 149, 152, 184; Residential Neighbourhood Units 146; residential unit, 146-147, 153; see aho residential area
residential complex 16, 104, 106, 109 residential construction 129 residential development 52, 65, 94; residential development projects 47 residential functions 82 residential modernist architecture 192 residential towers 165; free-standing residential towers 166; see aho residential building reurbanisation 168-169 revitalisation 6, 49-50, 122, 129, 136-137, 192-193, 208, 211, 214, 222-224, 226 Revolution of Dignity 70, 72-73, 78 Russia 3, 19-21, 23-27, 42, 70, 82, 186 Sabrow, Martin 200 Sabsovich, Leonid 15-16, 27, 60-61 Saint Petersburg, Russia 46, 125 Sandomierz, Poland 85 Sava, river 161-162, 164, 166, 172 Schwedt (Oder), Germany 24 Second World War 103, 199; see also World War II Sennet, Richard 121 Severodvinsk, Russia 23 Siberia 19, 36; East Siberia 24; Western Siberia 25; Western and Eastern Siberia 19 Silesian Province, Poland 89, 90, 92, 95 Sixth District 58, 64-65, 68, 73, 76-77; Sixth District of Dniprobud 63, 73; see aho Sotsmisto of Great Zaporizhzhia Slavutych, Ukraine 58 social activities 4, 45, 93, 146 ‘socialist’and ‘post-socialist’urbanisms 1; see aho socialist urbanism; urbanism socialist cities 1-8, 12-15, 17-25, 27-28, 33, 35, 37-39, 46-48, 52-53, 59, 81, 94, 122-123, 125, 143, 189, 192-193, 218-222, 224-226 socialist city 19, 22, 26, 35-36, 37, 40, 44, 52-53, 58-59, 60, 68, 82, 87, 91, 92, 95, 102, 112, 114, 116, 118, 121, 123, 125, 160, 163, 164, 175; socialist city’ brand 144 Socialist City of Stalingrad Tractor Plant, Volgograd, Russia 18 Socialist City of the Automobile Plant in Gorki, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 18, 26 socialist heritage 26, 113,
115-116, 180, 189, 192-195, 199, 218, 222 socialist identity 186, 189, 206 socialist legacy 27, 189, 194, 195, 221; communist legacy 223; totahtarian legacy 179, 189; socialist urban legacy 1, 43, 52; see aho cultural legacy; cultural heritage; socialist heritage socialist realism 8-9, 17, 19-20, 83-85, 90, 92, 102, 124-125, 130, 137nl, 140, 142, 144, 147, 153, 156-157, 181, 184,
Index 189, 192, 222, 224; socialist-realism model 83 socialist-realism sculptures 83; see also socialist realism socialist realist artworks 154; see aho public art; public artworks socialist urbanism 1, 4; see also urbanism socialist urban planning 2-3, 5, 8, 101, 189, 192; see also urban planning socialist utopia 189 socialist urban utopias 5, 6, 219, 225; social-utopian urbanism 61; utopian projects of socialist modernism 226; utopian socialist cities 2, 5 Sofia, Bulgaria 4, 186, 220 Sofia University 190, 193 Soligorsk, Belarus 21 Sosnový Bor, Russia 21 Sotsgorod 5, 7; Soviet Sotsgorod, 13; see aho Sotsmisto; Uralmash Sotsgorod Chkalov, Novosibirsk, Russia 24 Sotsmisto 7, 58, 60, 62, 68, 70, 75-78; see also Sotsgorod and Socialist City Sotsmisto of Great Zaporizhzhia 60-61; Zaporizhzhia Sotsmisto 76; see aho Sixth District South-Eastern Europe 19; see aho Balkans Soviet architecture 34, 60, 64 Soviet era 43, 45, 73 Soviet everyday life 65; see aho everyday life Soviet industrialisation 33, 36 Soviet Russia 218 Soviet totalitarianism 76 Soviet Union 2-3, 5-6, 13-15, 17-21, 24-27, 33, 37, 39, 42, 61, 68, 96n3, 144, 163, 182 Soviet urban planning 2, 5, 33-34, 38, 40, 45, 60, 66, 181 spatial identity 52, 136 Stalin, Josef 59, 104, 182, 185; Stalin’s death 20, 144, 146-147 Stalin’s monument, Zaporizhzhia 73 Stalinstadt, East Germany 99, 104-105, 107; see aho Eisenhüttenstadt state socialism 99, 147, 149 St. Demetrius 186 stigmatisation 108, 111, 113, 218, 223 Strmecki, V. 201, 202; Strmecki’s plan for Novo Velenje 202 Sumgait, Azerbaijan 24 Sverdlovsk, Soviet Union 3, 33,
36-37, 41-42; Master plan of Sverdlovsk of 1972 41; see aho Yekaterinburg symbolic image 7 233 symbolic places 25 symbolic representations 7, 224, 226 symbolic space 5, 8, 47, 127, 129 symbolic transformation 35, 47, 90, 172 symbolic transformations 4, 52, 222 symbolic values 27 Sztálinváros, Hungary 140-144, 156; see aho Dunaújváros Šaleška valley, Slovenia 199-200, 202, 204-207, 214 tangible and intangible heritage 8, 117, 153 Tatabánya, Hungary 25, 141 Teodorowicz-Todorowski, Tadeusz 83 Tito, Josip Broz 163, 204-205, 207, 209 Tito monument, Velenje 206, 209, 210; Tito’s statue 212 Tito Square, Velenje 202, 204, 206-207, 209, 212 Titovo Velenje, Slovenia/Yugoslavia 205, 207 totalitarianism 59, 189, 212 totalitarian tourism 192-193 tourist destination 181, 192-193, 201, 222, 226 ‘touristification’ 221-222 Trenz, Janez 202, 212; Trenz’s modernist plan 202; Trenz’s modern urban design 202; Trenz’s plan 202, 204, 208; Trenz’s urban concept 207 Tychy, Poland 7, 20, 25-26, 81-95; Baczyński Square 83, 85, 90-93; bipolarity 95; double bipolarity 95; FIAT Auto Poland 88; FIAT car production plant 85; FIAT SmallDisplacement Car Factory in Tychy (FSM) 85; Tychy-based SmallDisplacement Car Factory 87; FSM 87-88, 93, 95; New Tychy, Poland 82, 91, 93-94; prefabricated housing factory 88; Roman Catholic Church 91; The Unique New Tychy 92 unemployment 4, 22, 69, 87-89, 107-108, 128, 134, 186, 219 ‘unwanted heritage’ 33; uncomfortable and unwanted heritage 95 unwanted past and heritage 179 Upper Silesia, Poland 7, 82, 91, 94 Uralmash, Yekaterinburg, Russia 7, 33, 35-52, 220-222, 224; old
historic residential quarter in Uralmash 49; Socialist City of Uralmash 18; sotsgorod 39, 41, 43, 45; ‘sotsgorod’ 33, 41; Sotsgorod of Uralmash in Yekaterinburg
234 Index 7; Ural Heavy Machine Building Plant, Yekaterinburg 33, 40, 43; Uralmash sotsgorod 33, 35-36, 38, 41-42, 45-46 Urals 19, 36 urban culture 7, 13, 15, 76, 114 urban icons of socialist modernism 6, 226; socialist urban icons 27 urban identity 47, 96, 122, 224 urban heritage 44-45, 113, 116, 118, 188-189 urbanism 1, 156, 161, 202, 212 urban legacy 4; urban planning legacy 4, 7 urban planning 1, 2, 4-5, 7-9, 20, 33-34, 38, 40-41, 45, 47, 51-52, 58-61, 6466, 68, 70, 77, 84, 101-103, 105-106, 113, 116, 124, 137, 141-143, 146, 161, 164, 167-168, 170, 174, 179, 195, 199, 219, 226 urban policy 7, 15, 33, 43, 47-48, 52, 89, 95, 147, 220, 225-226 urban revolution 65, 219; ‘urban revolution’ 12 urban shrinkage 4, 101, 107, 113, 117, 219 urban transformation 4, 7, 42, 60, 76, 99, 160 urban utopian movement 21; urban utopianism 21 utopia 18, 27, 45, 180, 196, 219, 224 ‘utopian’ discourse 46-47 utopian idea of an ‘ideal city’ 22 ‘utopian’ interpretation of the former ‘socialist cities’ 47; see also socialist urban utopias utopian places 220 utopian projects of socialist modernism 226 utopian thinking 12, 181; utopian ideas 77; utopian ideology 186; see also utopia Varpalota, Hungary 141 Velenje, Slovenia 9, 199-215, 219-224; Coalmine Company, 201, 205-206, 209; coalmine company director 201, 205; Novo Velenje 201-202, 204; Municipality ofVelenje 204, 213, 215; Velenje Casde 199, 201, 204, 210-211; Velenje Coalmine Company 201-202, 214; Velenje Institute of Urbanism 208; see also TitovoVelenje Vesnin, Viktor 63 Visaginas, Lithuania 21 Vorkuta, Russia 23-24 Vučina, Edi 207-210, 212
Wakeman, Rosemary 18, 200 Warsaw, Poland 4, 163, 220 Western and Central Europe 17 West Germany 109, 202 World War I 161 World War II 2, 7, 13, 19, 21, 24, 82-83, 92, 147, 160, 162-163, 199, 200-201, 205, 207; see also Second World War worker settlement 13-14, 17, 18 working setdement-garden 27; ‘Soviet working setdement-garden’ 17 Yekaterinburg, Russia 3, 7, 33, 43, 45, 47-48, 51-52, 220 Yugoslavia 19, 141, 160, 163-165, 168, 170, 172-173, 175, 199, 201-206, 208, 216 Yugoslavia, hotel 164, 172 Yugoslav republics 167, 205-206 Yugoslav-Soviet split 160, 164, 202 Yugoslav urbanism 170; see also New Belgrade Yugoslav urban utopia 160, 167; see also New Belgrade Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine 7, 24, 26, 58-62, 65-67, 69-77; Great Zaporizhzhia 60-63, 65, 68, 76-77; Old Oleksandrivsk 74, 76; prostasias 69, 70-73, 75, 78; Red Directors 69-70; ‘the utopia of Soviet Fordism’ 63; Zaporizhzhia’s constructivism 73
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Contents List of Figures vii List of Tables x List of Contributors 1 Introduction: Socialist Urban Utopias and Their Continuing Transformations xi 1 MIKHAIL ILCHENKO AND VALENTIN MIHAYLOV 2 Rises and Falls of New Socialist Cities 12 VALENTIN MIHAYLOV 3 Uralmash: Re-Imagining Utopia, Re-Constructing Urban Space 33 MIKHAIL ILCHENKO 4 Zaporizhzhia: The Socialist City as a Cultural Model 58 PAVLO KRAVCHUK 5 Tychy: From a Dormitory Town to a Large Industrial Centre 81 JERZY RUNGE 6 Eisenhüttenstadt: Urban Heritage in Transformation 99 CAROLA NEUGEBAUER 7 Ostrava-Poruba: A ‘Pure’ Socialist City in Change and Permanence 121 DANIEL TOPINKA 8 Dunaújváros: Transforming and Re-Branding the Largest New Town of Hungary’s State-Socialist Era KORNÉLIA KISSFAZEKAS AND MELINDA BENKO 140
vi Contents 9 New Belgrade: From a Socialist Ideal to a Fragmented Space of Fashionable Architecture 160 ZLATA VUKSANOVIČEM ACUR A 10 Dimitrovgrad: A Bulgarian Construction of the 20th Century 179 VALENTIN MIHAYLOV 11 Velenje: A Local Community’s Quest for Its Town Heritage and Identity 199 ANA KLADNIK 12 Conclusion: Post-Utopian Spaces in Search of Alternative Urban Policies 218 VALENTIN MIHAYLOV AND MIKHAIL ILCHENKO Index 228
Index Page numbers followed by n indicate notes. accelerated industrialisation 14, 184-185; see also industrialisation; forced industrialisation; rapid industrialisation ageing 112, 131, 133, 149, 153; population ageing 89, 133; ageing population 135, 154; see also demographic ageing agrotown, 17 Ajka, Hungary 141 Aktau, Kazakhstan 21 alternative narrative 195 alternative tourism 193 americanism 58, 59, 70 Angarsk, Russia 24 Antiquity 125; classical antiquity 189 architectural heritage 4, 35, 45, 47-48, 153, 156-157, 187, 208, 226 architectural legacy 193, 224, 226 architectural monuments 43, 48 ‘Architectural Promenade’, Dunaújváros 153, 222; see also Dunaújváros Armenia 19 artworks 153, 155; see also public art; public artworks ATRIUM project, 189, 194, 212; ATRIUM network 192 avant-garde 17-18; ‘avant-garde heritage’ 45, 101; avant-garde principles 38; ‘avant-garde’ architectural composition 38; avant-garde constructions 44; avant-garde constructivist architecture 40; ‘Communal Avant-Garde’ 46 Azerbaijan 19 Balkans 5, 27, 222 Baltic countries 13 Baltic states 13, 26 Bauhaus 224; Bauhaus school 26; Bauhaus in Ural’ 44; Bauhaus brand 44; Bauhaus Architect 44; International Bauhaus Zaporizhzhia Conference 76 Baykonur, Kazakhstan 21 Belarus 21, 26, 70 Belgrade, Serbia 160, 161, 163, 166, 167, 172; Belgrade Institute of Urban Planning 164; Belgrade Master Plan of 1923 162; Belgrade’s suburbs 162; Belgrade’s urbanism 170; Master Plan 172; Institute for Development Planning of the City ofBelgrade 168; Master Plan for the Beautification and Enlargement of Belgrade in 1921-1922
161; new Belgrade Master Plan 163; The Belgrade Master Plan until 2021 172; The 1950 Belgrade Master Plan 164; see ako New Belgrade Berlin, Germany 102, 112, 184; the Berlin Wall 107 Budapest, Hungary 141, 149, 150, 156 Bulgaria 9, 20, 185-190; Bulgarian National Television 9; post-war Bulgaria 184; communist Bulgaria 185; Bulgarian national memory 188; Bulgarian society 184, 186, 188, 192; Bulgarian art 187; Bulgarian television 190; Bulgarian Tourist Union 193; Bulgarian urban utopia 194; Northern Bulgaria 194; Bulgaria’s accession to the European Union 224 capitalist working-class cities 18 Caucasus 19 Central and Eastern Europe 4, 20, 24, 88, 94, 160, 222 Central Asia 19 Central Europe 5, 17, 26, 27, 193; post-war Central Europe 7 Chernobyl nuclear plant, Ukraine 22; Chernobyl accident 206
Index ‘City idealism’ 12 city-forming industrial plant 17; city-forming industrial base 19; city-forming enterprises 25, 62; city-forming function 225 ‘City of Dreams’ 187, 193 Coalmining Museum of Slovenia 204, 211 collectivism 15, 65, 215; Soviet collectivism 68 communal flats 24, 77 communal house 16; communal houses 27 communication infrastructure 112, 114 communism 124, 128, 151, 180, 184, 193, 212 ‘communism heritage’ 212 communist regime 128, 134, 142, 163 company towns 14, 18 complex legacy 58 constructivism 17, 63, 73 cultural events 51, 91, 184 cultural heritage 26, 35, 44, 45, 76, 100, 181, 189, 192, 206, 208 cultural industries 50 cultural initiatives 7, 26 cultural legacy 27, 43 cultural model 7, 58-59 cultural model of a Sotsmisto 58, 78; mass cultural model of urban life 77; see also Sotsmisto and Zaporizhzhia Czech Republic 121, 125, 133 Danube, river 8, 140-141, 146-147, 149, 150-151, 154-157, 161, 164, 172 decentralisation 66, 75, 123, 164, 166-167 decommunisation 73-74, 186 de-ideologisation 5, 26, 82 deindustrialisation 5, 22, 24, 122, 128, 150, 192 demographic ageing 6, 22, 81 departmentalism 68; ‘departmentalism’ 62 de-Stalinisation 21 difficult heritage 118; see also dissonant heritage; embarrassing legacy Dimitrov, Georgi 181, 183-184, 186, 195; Georgi Dimitrov’s statue 190 Dimitrovgrad, Bulgaria 9, 20, 22, 179-195, 220, 222-224; ‘Bulgaria Boulevard’ 190; Bulgarian construction of the 20th century 9, 190-191, 194, 224; Bulgarian (post) utopian space 190; Bulgarian urban utopia 181; Bulgaria’s largest marketplace 9; icon of socialist modernisation
187; modernist urban utopia 180; Poetry Square 194; post-utopian space 196; (post)utopian town 184 229 dissonant heritage 179, 222 disurbanism 15 ‘disurbanists’ 60 Dnieper Hydroelectric Station 58; Dnieper hydroelectric power station 61 Dnieper, river, Ukraine 58, 61, 64, 70 Dniprobud 58, 61-63 dormitory town, 7, 83, 85, 89, 94—95, 175; E Dubna, Russia 20, 23 Dunapentele, Hungary 141, 143, 149; see also Dunaújváros Dunaújváros, Hungary 8, 22, 25-26, 140-141, 143-147, 149, 151-157, 219-220, 222-224; artistic initiatives 155; branding 149; city branding 140, 155; Dunaújváros Marketing Plan 156; Dunaújvárost brand 156; Institute of Contemporary Art 151; new brand 156; Ironworks 143-144, 146, 148-149, 155-156; new brand-building strategy 156; old brand 156; Vasmű Road 144-146, 150-153 East-Central Europe 2, 6, 9, 20, 160, 193, 99 Eastern Europe 2, 12—13, 18, 20, 22, 27, 167, 218; see also Central and Eastern Europe East Germany 20-21, 24, 108, 117 Eisenhüttenstadt 8, 20, 22, 24, 99, 101, 104-109, 111-118, 219-221, 223-224; icon of post-war urbanisation 8; icon of socialism 99; icon of socialist urban development 101; Magistrale 8, 102, 104-105, 112, 114-115; the ‘first socialist city in Germany’ 99-101; EKO Wohnstadt 99, 101-104, 107; EKO 102, 104-105, 107-109, 111, 116, 117-118; EKO factories 103; EKO Gate Square 114; ECO plant 105; see also Eisenhüttenstadt embarrassing legacy 223 Estonia 19 Europe 109, 163, 211 European heritage 77 European Union 200, 211, 224 European urban planning 77 external image 188 external narratives 111 everyday life 26, 61, 65, 69, 151 ‘fallen
utopias’ 28; ‘unrealised utopia’ 46; ‘unrealised’ or ‘unfinished’ utopia 4; failed utopia 188 fashionable architecture 172, 174
230 Index forced industrialisation 59, 77; forced socialist industrialisation 82; see also industrialisation; rapid industrialisation; accelerated industrialisation functional city 168, 170, 172, 174-175, 221; see also New Belgrade functional zones 164 functional zoning 226 garden city 3, 14, 16, 17, 204, 218 GDR, German Democratic Republic 8, 20, 99, 101-104, 107-109, 111-113, 115, 200, 221, 224 genius loci 8, 121, 137 Georgia 19 Germany 21, 82-83, 99, 154; Federal Republic of Germany 99; see also East Germany; GDR; West Germany global utopianism 192; see ako utopia Gorenje, company, Velenje, Slovenia 9, 174, 205, 207, 211, 214 Gramsci, Antonio 59 green area 210; green areas 21, 84, 89, 157, 167, 171-173, 192, 195, 205; green space 102-104, 106, 121, 156; green spaces 8, 104, 136, 165, 167, 172; urban green space planning 103; green zones 222 Handlová, Czech Republic 124 Havířov, Czech Republic 25-26, 124 heritage discourse 44, 180, 224 heritage-making 101, 222 heritage narrative 115-116, 214 historical legacy 192; historical and physical legacy 13; see also cultural legacy; ‘material’ legacy Hoyerswerda, Germany 24 Howard, Ebenezer 16, 146, 218; Howardian concept 17; Howard’s garden-city 37; the garden city of Howard 146; see ako garden city Hungary 8, 20, 59, 140, 147, 149, 153-154, 195 ideal city 7, 12, 22, 121, 131, 183; ideal cities 12-13, 17, 26, 28, 34, 218 ideal towns 82, 195; ‘ideal towns’ 17 identity 22, 25, 100, 130, 141, 179-184, 188, 199-200, 208, 215; see ako local identity; socialist identity; spatial identity; urban identity identity narratives 215
industrialisation 15-16, 85, 107, 122-123, 135, 140-141, 163, 183, 199, 218 industrial cultural heritage 211 industrial zone 85, 94, 181, 202 intangible heritage 100; see also tangible and intangible heritage Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Poland 21, 25 Katowice conurbation, Poland 82, 89, 95 Katowice, Poland 82-83, 85, 87, 93, 95 Katowice Special Economic Zone 88; see also Tychy Karaganda, Kazakhstan 24 Kazakhstan 20-21 Kazimierz and Hanna Wejchert 84; see ako Tychy Kazimierz Dolny, Poland 85 Kazincbarcika, Hungary 141, 182 Khrushchev, Nikita 40, 104-105, 147; ‘Khrushchev Thaw’21; see ako de-Stalinisation Kingdom of Yugoslavia 161; see ako Yugoslavia Kiselevsk,Russia 23 Kladno, Czech Republic 124 Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russia 18, 179 Korpnik, Nande 207-210, 212 Kovalevsky, George 162 Kurchatov, Russia 21 Kyiv, Ukraine 4, 60, 74 labour force 71, 134, 150, 201 Latvia 19 Le Corbusier 63, 201, 202; Le Corbusier’s machine house 21; Le Corbusier’s Ville Radieuse 59 Lefebvre, Henri 161, 171, 174 leftist utopianism 59; see also socialist utopia, utopia legacy-related policy 7 Leipzig, Germany 185, 220 Leningrad 60; see also Saint-Petersburg Lenin monument, Zaporizhzhia 74 Leninsk-Kuznetskiy, Russia 18, 23 Leninvaros, Hungary 141 Leucht, Kurt 102-103; Leucht’s planning 104; Leucht’s core city, 105, 109, 116 Lipok-Bierwiaczonek, Maria 92 Lithuania 19, 21, 195 local identity 27, 38, 41, 91, 137, 155-156, 195, 223 local cultural heritage 222 Lynch, Kevin 122, 129-130 Magnitogorsk, Russia 18-19, 23-24, 26, 77, 179 Maribor, Slovenia 211 marketisation 221-222
Index mass housing 21, 40, 63, 104, 146, 166 ‘material’ legacy 226 May, Ernst 17, 26 media discourse 189; see also public discourse Meduna, Vladimir 125 Milyutin, Nikolay 60-61 mini-utopianism 191, 221; minimalist market utopianism 192 modernist architectural legacy 151 modernist architecture 16, 26, 164, 189, 192, 202, 212, 214, 222-224 Mohács, Hungary 141 monofhnctionality 81-82, 95; economic monofunctionality 89; monofunctionality of housing 95; housing monofunctionality 95; industrial monofhnctionality 95 monotowns 23, 42 monument protection 104, 115 Moscow, Russia 4, 9, 46, 60, 62-63, 184, 220 Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia 24 Nefteyugansk, Russia 25 neoliberal capitalism 107, 117, 118 neoliberal incarnations of the urban economy 188 neoliberal interventions 176 neoliberalism 25, 180, 215, 219 neoliberal market 107, 160 neoliberal policies 220 neoliberal political discourse 51 neoliberal practices 220 neoliberal public landscape 187 neohberal social practices 223 neoliberal space 9, 161 neohberal transformation 179 neohberal urban pohcy 220; see ako urban pohcy Neryungri, Russia 21 New Athens Charter 93 New Belgrade, Serbia 8-9, 160-176, 219-224; Belgrade’s dormitory’ 167, 175; icon of the socialist and nonahgned Yugoslavia 160; New Belgrade Master Plan 165; see ako Belgrade new cities 6-7, 14-23, 27, 82, 96, 140, 218, 221-222, 226 new city brands 4; see also re-branding; Dunaújváros New Kharkiv, Ukraine 18, 26, 77 new man 15, 123, 184, 225 new socialist cities 23-25, 27-28, 38, 52, 94, 143, 219, 225-226 new urban narratives 224 Nizhnekamsk, Russia 21, 23 231
Nizhnevarstovsk, Russia 25 Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia 18, 26 Norilsk, Russia 23 Nová Dubnica, Czech Repubhc 124 Novokuznetsk, Russia 17-18, 23-24, 179 Novo Velenje, Slovenia, Yugoslavia see Velenje Novovoronezh, Russia 21 Novy Urengoy, Russia 25 Nowa Huta, Poland 7, 25-26, 82, 182, 193; Nowa Huta’s Crazy Guide 212 . Obninsk, Russia 21 Old Oleksandrivsk, Ukraine see Zaporizhzhia Onesti, Romania 25 Ostrava 8, 121-124, 127-129, 131-133, 135, 137 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Repubhc 121-123, 125-126, 128, 134-136; Old Porubá 130; ‘Great Porubá’ 133; ‘New Ostrava’ 123, 125; Porubá 8, 20, 25-26, 121-125, 127-130, 132-137; Porubá Castle 128; Poruba’s church 131; Porubá-Ves 130—131; Porubá Vozovna 130-131; Roman Cathohc Church 131; Technical University of Ostrava 130-131 path dependence 81, 95 Penev, Penyo 181, 183-184, 195, 196nl-196n2; Penyo Penev HouseMuseum 193; Penyo Penev Museum 185; socialist reahsmpoet 183, 181, 185 peripheralisation 99, 108, 111, 113; territorial peripheralisation 114; town’s territorial peripheralisation 118; ‘territorial peripheralisation of the town’ 221 physical space 7, 53, 112, 128-129, 137, 175, 220 planned city 3, 6, 8, 13, 14, 24, 25, 36, 52, 146 Poland 7, 21, 82-84, 87-87, 94֊96n2, 195 polycentric urban region 94-95 population dechne 4-5, 22, 24, 58, 81 population growth 21, 24, 84 post-industrial utopias 181 post-modernist utopian beliefs 194 post-socialism 1, 99—100, 116, 133, 215 post-socialist city 222; post-socialist cities 48, 90, 122, 149, 179, 180, 211 post-socialist development 6—7 ‘post-socialist realism’ 221 post-sociahst transition 134, 220
232 Index post-sociahst transformation 82, 108, 121-122, 127-128, 136-137, 140-141, 147, 149, 160, 224 post-Soviet republics 13 ‘post-utopian cities’ 5 post-utopian development 219 post-utopian reality 25 (post)utopian urbanism 224, 226 prefabricated blocks 27 Pripyat, Ukraine 21-22, 24 privatisation 88, 107-109, 129, 135, 148-149; controversial privatisation process 43; privatisation project 128; post-privatisation 154; rapid housing privatisation 170; privatisation 172, 173; ruthless privatisation 220 public art 8, 140-142, 146-147, 149, 154, 156, 222; public artworks 155 public discourse 3, 35, 41, 50, 75, 223 public narratives 9 public perception 3, 35, 180, 186, 188 ‘pure’city 124-125, 131, 136-137; ‘pure city’ New Ostrava 121, 122 Radev, Rumen 183, 193 rapid industrialisation 33, 128; see ako industrialisation; forced industrialisation; accelerated industrialisation re-branding 8, 140, 149, 212; see also Dunaújváros reindustrialisation 187 Renaissance 85, 125 Renaissance city of Zamor 82; see aho Renaissance re-sacralisation 82 residential area 33, 38, 66, 81, 89, 141-143, 149, 156, 220; residential zones 66, 121, 123-124, 129, 137, 146, 149, 156; residential space 15; ideal socialist residential space 8; see aho residential districts residential building 16, 68, 83, 129, 143-146, 166, 182, 189, 205; residential blocks 156, 166, 170, 174 residential districts 14, 42, 143, 153; ‘residential neighbourhood’ 41; residential neighbourhood 39, 84, 141-143, 149, 152, 184; Residential Neighbourhood Units 146; residential unit, 146-147, 153; see aho residential area
residential complex 16, 104, 106, 109 residential construction 129 residential development 52, 65, 94; residential development projects 47 residential functions 82 residential modernist architecture 192 residential towers 165; free-standing residential towers 166; see aho residential building reurbanisation 168-169 revitalisation 6, 49-50, 122, 129, 136-137, 192-193, 208, 211, 214, 222-224, 226 Revolution of Dignity 70, 72-73, 78 Russia 3, 19-21, 23-27, 42, 70, 82, 186 Sabrow, Martin 200 Sabsovich, Leonid 15-16, 27, 60-61 Saint Petersburg, Russia 46, 125 Sandomierz, Poland 85 Sava, river 161-162, 164, 166, 172 Schwedt (Oder), Germany 24 Second World War 103, 199; see also World War II Sennet, Richard 121 Severodvinsk, Russia 23 Siberia 19, 36; East Siberia 24; Western Siberia 25; Western and Eastern Siberia 19 Silesian Province, Poland 89, 90, 92, 95 Sixth District 58, 64-65, 68, 73, 76-77; Sixth District of Dniprobud 63, 73; see aho Sotsmisto of Great Zaporizhzhia Slavutych, Ukraine 58 social activities 4, 45, 93, 146 ‘socialist’and ‘post-socialist’urbanisms 1; see aho socialist urbanism; urbanism socialist cities 1-8, 12-15, 17-25, 27-28, 33, 35, 37-39, 46-48, 52-53, 59, 81, 94, 122-123, 125, 143, 189, 192-193, 218-222, 224-226 socialist city 19, 22, 26, 35-36, 37, 40, 44, 52-53, 58-59, 60, 68, 82, 87, 91, 92, 95, 102, 112, 114, 116, 118, 121, 123, 125, 160, 163, 164, 175; socialist city’ brand 144 Socialist City of Stalingrad Tractor Plant, Volgograd, Russia 18 Socialist City of the Automobile Plant in Gorki, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 18, 26 socialist heritage 26, 113,
115-116, 180, 189, 192-195, 199, 218, 222 socialist identity 186, 189, 206 socialist legacy 27, 189, 194, 195, 221; communist legacy 223; totahtarian legacy 179, 189; socialist urban legacy 1, 43, 52; see aho cultural legacy; cultural heritage; socialist heritage socialist realism 8-9, 17, 19-20, 83-85, 90, 92, 102, 124-125, 130, 137nl, 140, 142, 144, 147, 153, 156-157, 181, 184,
Index 189, 192, 222, 224; socialist-realism model 83 socialist-realism sculptures 83; see also socialist realism socialist realist artworks 154; see aho public art; public artworks socialist urbanism 1, 4; see also urbanism socialist urban planning 2-3, 5, 8, 101, 189, 192; see also urban planning socialist utopia 189 socialist urban utopias 5, 6, 219, 225; social-utopian urbanism 61; utopian projects of socialist modernism 226; utopian socialist cities 2, 5 Sofia, Bulgaria 4, 186, 220 Sofia University 190, 193 Soligorsk, Belarus 21 Sosnový Bor, Russia 21 Sotsgorod 5, 7; Soviet Sotsgorod, 13; see aho Sotsmisto; Uralmash Sotsgorod Chkalov, Novosibirsk, Russia 24 Sotsmisto 7, 58, 60, 62, 68, 70, 75-78; see also Sotsgorod and Socialist City Sotsmisto of Great Zaporizhzhia 60-61; Zaporizhzhia Sotsmisto 76; see aho Sixth District South-Eastern Europe 19; see aho Balkans Soviet architecture 34, 60, 64 Soviet era 43, 45, 73 Soviet everyday life 65; see aho everyday life Soviet industrialisation 33, 36 Soviet Russia 218 Soviet totalitarianism 76 Soviet Union 2-3, 5-6, 13-15, 17-21, 24-27, 33, 37, 39, 42, 61, 68, 96n3, 144, 163, 182 Soviet urban planning 2, 5, 33-34, 38, 40, 45, 60, 66, 181 spatial identity 52, 136 Stalin, Josef 59, 104, 182, 185; Stalin’s death 20, 144, 146-147 Stalin’s monument, Zaporizhzhia 73 Stalinstadt, East Germany 99, 104-105, 107; see aho Eisenhüttenstadt state socialism 99, 147, 149 St. Demetrius 186 stigmatisation 108, 111, 113, 218, 223 Strmecki, V. 201, 202; Strmecki’s plan for Novo Velenje 202 Sumgait, Azerbaijan 24 Sverdlovsk, Soviet Union 3, 33,
36-37, 41-42; Master plan of Sverdlovsk of 1972 41; see aho Yekaterinburg symbolic image 7 233 symbolic places 25 symbolic representations 7, 224, 226 symbolic space 5, 8, 47, 127, 129 symbolic transformation 35, 47, 90, 172 symbolic transformations 4, 52, 222 symbolic values 27 Sztálinváros, Hungary 140-144, 156; see aho Dunaújváros Šaleška valley, Slovenia 199-200, 202, 204-207, 214 tangible and intangible heritage 8, 117, 153 Tatabánya, Hungary 25, 141 Teodorowicz-Todorowski, Tadeusz 83 Tito, Josip Broz 163, 204-205, 207, 209 Tito monument, Velenje 206, 209, 210; Tito’s statue 212 Tito Square, Velenje 202, 204, 206-207, 209, 212 Titovo Velenje, Slovenia/Yugoslavia 205, 207 totalitarianism 59, 189, 212 totalitarian tourism 192-193 tourist destination 181, 192-193, 201, 222, 226 ‘touristification’ 221-222 Trenz, Janez 202, 212; Trenz’s modernist plan 202; Trenz’s modern urban design 202; Trenz’s plan 202, 204, 208; Trenz’s urban concept 207 Tychy, Poland 7, 20, 25-26, 81-95; Baczyński Square 83, 85, 90-93; bipolarity 95; double bipolarity 95; FIAT Auto Poland 88; FIAT car production plant 85; FIAT SmallDisplacement Car Factory in Tychy (FSM) 85; Tychy-based SmallDisplacement Car Factory 87; FSM 87-88, 93, 95; New Tychy, Poland 82, 91, 93-94; prefabricated housing factory 88; Roman Catholic Church 91; The Unique New Tychy 92 unemployment 4, 22, 69, 87-89, 107-108, 128, 134, 186, 219 ‘unwanted heritage’ 33; uncomfortable and unwanted heritage 95 unwanted past and heritage 179 Upper Silesia, Poland 7, 82, 91, 94 Uralmash, Yekaterinburg, Russia 7, 33, 35-52, 220-222, 224; old
historic residential quarter in Uralmash 49; Socialist City of Uralmash 18; sotsgorod 39, 41, 43, 45; ‘sotsgorod’ 33, 41; Sotsgorod of Uralmash in Yekaterinburg
234 Index 7; Ural Heavy Machine Building Plant, Yekaterinburg 33, 40, 43; Uralmash sotsgorod 33, 35-36, 38, 41-42, 45-46 Urals 19, 36 urban culture 7, 13, 15, 76, 114 urban icons of socialist modernism 6, 226; socialist urban icons 27 urban identity 47, 96, 122, 224 urban heritage 44-45, 113, 116, 118, 188-189 urbanism 1, 156, 161, 202, 212 urban legacy 4; urban planning legacy 4, 7 urban planning 1, 2, 4-5, 7-9, 20, 33-34, 38, 40-41, 45, 47, 51-52, 58-61, 6466, 68, 70, 77, 84, 101-103, 105-106, 113, 116, 124, 137, 141-143, 146, 161, 164, 167-168, 170, 174, 179, 195, 199, 219, 226 urban policy 7, 15, 33, 43, 47-48, 52, 89, 95, 147, 220, 225-226 urban revolution 65, 219; ‘urban revolution’ 12 urban shrinkage 4, 101, 107, 113, 117, 219 urban transformation 4, 7, 42, 60, 76, 99, 160 urban utopian movement 21; urban utopianism 21 utopia 18, 27, 45, 180, 196, 219, 224 ‘utopian’ discourse 46-47 utopian idea of an ‘ideal city’ 22 ‘utopian’ interpretation of the former ‘socialist cities’ 47; see also socialist urban utopias utopian places 220 utopian projects of socialist modernism 226 utopian thinking 12, 181; utopian ideas 77; utopian ideology 186; see also utopia Varpalota, Hungary 141 Velenje, Slovenia 9, 199-215, 219-224; Coalmine Company, 201, 205-206, 209; coalmine company director 201, 205; Novo Velenje 201-202, 204; Municipality ofVelenje 204, 213, 215; Velenje Casde 199, 201, 204, 210-211; Velenje Coalmine Company 201-202, 214; Velenje Institute of Urbanism 208; see also TitovoVelenje Vesnin, Viktor 63 Visaginas, Lithuania 21 Vorkuta, Russia 23-24 Vučina, Edi 207-210, 212
Wakeman, Rosemary 18, 200 Warsaw, Poland 4, 163, 220 Western and Central Europe 17 West Germany 109, 202 World War I 161 World War II 2, 7, 13, 19, 21, 24, 82-83, 92, 147, 160, 162-163, 199, 200-201, 205, 207; see also Second World War worker settlement 13-14, 17, 18 working setdement-garden 27; ‘Soviet working setdement-garden’ 17 Yekaterinburg, Russia 3, 7, 33, 43, 45, 47-48, 51-52, 220 Yugoslavia 19, 141, 160, 163-165, 168, 170, 172-173, 175, 199, 201-206, 208, 216 Yugoslavia, hotel 164, 172 Yugoslav republics 167, 205-206 Yugoslav-Soviet split 160, 164, 202 Yugoslav urbanism 170; see also New Belgrade Yugoslav urban utopia 160, 167; see also New Belgrade Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine 7, 24, 26, 58-62, 65-67, 69-77; Great Zaporizhzhia 60-63, 65, 68, 76-77; Old Oleksandrivsk 74, 76; prostasias 69, 70-73, 75, 78; Red Directors 69-70; ‘the utopia of Soviet Fordism’ 63; Zaporizhzhia’s constructivism 73 |
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| author2 | Mihaylov, Valentin Ilchenko, Mikhail |
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| id | DE-604.BV048643103 |
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| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:18:16Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:44:53Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781032197685 9781032197692 |
| language | English |
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| physical | xii, 234 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 25 cm |
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| series2 | Routledge contemporary perspectives on urban growth, innovation and change |
| spelling | Post-utopian spaces transforming and re-evaluating urban icons of socialist modernism edited by Valentin Mihaylov and Mikhail Ilchenko London ; New York Routledge 2023 xii, 234 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Routledge contemporary perspectives on urban growth, innovation and change "Featuring up-to-date and insightful analyses and comparative case studies from a plethora of countries, this timely book explores 'ideal' socialist cities and their transformation under new socio-economic and political conditions after the fall of communism. Written in an accessible and engaging style, this book will be of interest to students and scholars in urban studies, human geography, sociology, social anthropology, spatial planning and architectural practice"-- Postkommunismus (DE-588)4998161-4 gnd rswk-swf Stadtplanung (DE-588)4056754-0 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd rswk-swf Sociology, Urban / Europe, Eastern Sociology, Urban / Europe, Central City planning / Europe, Eastern City planning / Europe, Central Post-communism / Europe, Eastern Post-communism / Europe, Central Sociologie urbaine / Europe de l'Est Sociologie urbaine / Europe centrale Postcommunisme / Europe de l'Est Postcommunisme / Europe centrale City planning Post-communism Sociology, Urban Central Europe Eastern Europe (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 g Stadtplanung (DE-588)4056754-0 s Postkommunismus (DE-588)4998161-4 s DE-604 Mihaylov, Valentin (DE-588)1226960006 edt Ilchenko, Mikhail (DE-588)1256299448 edt Äquivalent Druck-Ausgabe, Paperback 978-1-03-219769-2 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 9781003260769 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034017988&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034017988&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Post-utopian spaces transforming and re-evaluating urban icons of socialist modernism Postkommunismus (DE-588)4998161-4 gnd Stadtplanung (DE-588)4056754-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4998161-4 (DE-588)4056754-0 (DE-588)4075739-0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Post-utopian spaces transforming and re-evaluating urban icons of socialist modernism |
| title_auth | Post-utopian spaces transforming and re-evaluating urban icons of socialist modernism |
| title_exact_search | Post-utopian spaces transforming and re-evaluating urban icons of socialist modernism |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Post-utopian spaces transforming and re-evaluating urban icons of socialist modernism |
| title_full | Post-utopian spaces transforming and re-evaluating urban icons of socialist modernism edited by Valentin Mihaylov and Mikhail Ilchenko |
| title_fullStr | Post-utopian spaces transforming and re-evaluating urban icons of socialist modernism edited by Valentin Mihaylov and Mikhail Ilchenko |
| title_full_unstemmed | Post-utopian spaces transforming and re-evaluating urban icons of socialist modernism edited by Valentin Mihaylov and Mikhail Ilchenko |
| title_short | Post-utopian spaces |
| title_sort | post utopian spaces transforming and re evaluating urban icons of socialist modernism |
| title_sub | transforming and re-evaluating urban icons of socialist modernism |
| topic | Postkommunismus (DE-588)4998161-4 gnd Stadtplanung (DE-588)4056754-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Postkommunismus Stadtplanung Osteuropa Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034017988&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034017988&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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