History continues: three models of the continuation of history
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| Beschreibung: | vii, 308 Seiten |
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| adam_text | Contents 1 2 History Continues 2.1 Fukuyama’s Theoretical Intertwining with Kant, Hegel and Marx 2.2 The Struggle for Recognition 2.3 The First Man and the Last Man 2.4 Christianity, Islamism and Protestantism 2.5 Democracy References 3 4 1 4 Introduction References 5 5 7 8 9 10 14 The Totalitarianism of the Twentieth Century: Nazi Fascism and Communism 3.1 Nazi Fascism 3.2 Communism References 15 20 22 29 Fukuyama in the Vortex of Theories of International Relations References 31 34 v
vi 5 6 7 CONTENTS Ultra-Nationalism as a Model of Continuation of the History 5.1 Russian Ultranationalism 5.1.1 Russian Empire and Russian Expansion 5.1.2 Attacks Against Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia 5.1.3 Ideological Concepts of Russian Ultra-Nationalism 5.1.4 Putinism 5.1.5 The Wars Against Georgia, Chechnya and Transnistria 5.1.6 The War in Ukraine 5.1.7 Covid 19 in Russia 5.2 Serbian Ultra-Nationalism References Islamic Fundamentalism as a Model of Continuation of the History 6.1 Political Islam and Islamic Fundamentalism 6.2 Iranian Islamic Fundamentalism 6.2.1 Khomeinista and Homo Islamitas 6.2.2 The Islamic Fundamentalist System inIran 6.2.3 Human Rights in Iran 6.2.4 COVID-19 in Iran 6.3 Al Qaeda 6.4 Daesh—ISIS 6.5 The Future of Relations Between Islam and the West References Chinese Socialism as a Model of the Continuation of the History 7.1 The Foundation and Development ofAuthoritarianism in China 173 7.2 Chinese Maoist Worldview 7.3 Socialism with Chinsese Charateristics 7.4 Human Rights in China 7.5 National Communities in China 7.6 Nationalism and the Idea of Uniting the Chinese Nation 225 7.7 The Concept of “Asian Values” and China’s Relations with Other Countries 237 35 38 38 43 45 47 67 71 75 77 81 87 88 102 103 112 127 139 141 146 160 162 171 183 190 202 217
CONTENTS ѴІІ 7.8 Covid-19 in China 7.9 China’s Way to the Future References 244 248 250 Conclusion References 261 269 Bibliography 271 Index 299 8
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Index A Abdel-Samad, Hamed, 95, 97-101, 117, 130, 132, 134 Abdi, Abbas, 122, 126 Abkhazia, 38, 42, 61, 68-70, 262 Abrahamian, Ervand, 106-108, 127, 132 Africa, 3, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 20, 21, 23, 46, 47, 130, 161, 197, 235, 240, 243, 244, 266 Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 123, 130 Al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr, 147, 149-151, 153 Al-Baghdadi, Abu Omar, 147 Albania, 9, 12, 16, 19, 27, 38, 40, 41, 78, 79, 81, 180, 232, 241 Al-Maliki, Nouri, 148 Al Qaeda, 87, 88, 92, 95, 141-148, 158, 159 Al-Zarqawi, Abu Musab, 147 America, 1, 8, 9, 12, 15, 17, 32, 45, 67, 110, 123, 128-130, 146, 147, 155, 172, 194, 230, 232, 240, 265, 267 American Revolution, 11 Amini, Mahsa, 136, 137 Amnesty International, 42, 131, 133, 202, 207, 209, 211 Arab Spring, 66, 159, 263 Arendt, Hannah, 2, 17, 19-21, 25, 27, 28, 36 Armenia, 16, 102, 159, 261 Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 80 ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), 241, 242 Asia, 4, 12, 15, 20, 21, 23, 38, 102, 130, 161, 171, 187, 192, 209, 237, 238, 241, 261, 266 Asian values, 237, 238 assimilation, 36, 62, 217, 230 Australia, 12, 21, 74, 156, 197, 209, 220, 240 Austria-Hungary, 16 authoritarianism, 3, 9, 19, 37, 48-51, 57, 67, 173, 195 authoritarian regimes, 13, 48, 53, 131, 201 autocracy, 47, 48, 58, 266 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023 S. Kiçmari, History Continues https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8402-0 299
300 INDEX Azghadi, Hassan Rahimpur, 129 B Badovsky, Dmitry, 53 Baranov, Nikolay, 62 Belovezhskaya Agreement, 41, 44 Berlin Wall, 36 Biden, Joe, 74, 265 Bin Laden, Osama, 142-146 Bosnia and Hercegovina, 96 Bosnian Serbs, 37, 80 Boxer Uprising, 178, 214 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 17, 240 Buddhism, 214, 238 Bulgarian Empire, 38 Bush, George W, 145, 146, 233 Buyun, Li, 203 Byzantine Empire, 38 C Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, 132 capitalism, 33, 52, 62, 108, 109, 112, 123, 125, 128, 129, 185, 190, 201, 248 Catholic Church, 117, 159, 215, 216 Chechnya, 10, 38, 42, 43, 55, 60, 61, 64, 65, 67-69, 262 China, 3, 11, 22, 25, 39, 47, 55, 67, 75, 131, 139, 140, 151, 171-222, 225-250, 261, 265-267 China’s Communist Party (CCP), 22, 173-177, 179, 183, 184, 186-192, 194-196, 200, 205-208, 210-214, 217-219, 221, 222, 226-229, 236, 250, 265, 266 Chinese Civil War, 22 Chinese Government, 178, 193-195, 197, 199, 203, 205-210, 212, 215-217, 219-224, 230, 231, 234, 244-249, 265, 266 Chinese socialism, 4, 13, 32, 189, 201, 261, 265 Christianity, 9, 10, 38, 134, 162, 202, 214 civil society, 11, 20, 23, 56-58, 60, 61, 120, 122, 123, 138, 214, 216 class struggle, 6, 23, 24, 28, 184, 185, 201, 228 Cold War, 33, 36, 65, 68, 125, 156, 171, 172, 175, 234, 237, 243, 265 Commonwealth of Independent States, 41, 44, 68, 261 communism, 1, 2, 6, 9, 11, 12, 18, 19, 22-28, 37, 45, 46, 99, 108, 109, 112, 123, 125, 128, 158, 173, 175, 184, 185, 187, 200, 237, 245 communist system, 20, 23-28, 36, 58, 63, 172, 217, 232 confucianism, 178, 183, 201, 202, 214, 238, 249 constructivism, 33 Courtois, Stephane,
23 Covid 19, 75-77, 139-141, 181, 209, 244-247, 263, 264, 266 CPSU (The Communist Party of the Soviet Union), 41, 44, 184, 194 Crimea, 38, 40, 42, 55, 61, 65, 68, 70-73, 262 critical realism, 6 Croatia, 16, 36, 38, 77, 79, 80, 241 Croatian Army, 79, 80 Cultural Revolution, 123, 180, 181, 185-187, 190, 214, 215, 218 Czechoslovakia, 16, 36, 37, 41 Czempiel, Ernst Otto, 33
INDEX D DAESH-ISIS, 146-159 democracy, 9-14, 20, 22, 24, 31, 33, 37, 48, 50, 52-56, 58, 75, 91, 93, 98, 104, 106, 107, 119-121, 123, 125, 126, 138, 142, 149, 157, 160, 162, 175, 179-183, 185, 189, 190, 193-196, 201, 203, 208, 209, 214, 235, 237, 238, 248-250, 261-264, 268 Donetsk, 71-74 Dugin, Alexander, 45-47, 64, 76 Dustdar, Aramesh, 121 E East China Sea, 240, 243 Eastern Europe, 1, 3, 6, 11, 20, 22-24, 36, 42, 47, 65, 66, 68, 87, 142, 171, 172, 174, 175, 186, 195, 237, 241, 261, 266 Ebadi, Shirin, 138 economy, 3, 4, 13, 17, 23-25, 33, 36, 42, 45, 50, 51, 55-61, 63, 102, 106, 125, 127, 141, 142, 160, 171-174, 177, 179, 181, 185, 190, 192, 196, 197, 207, 208, 228, 238, 239, 244, 245, 247, 249, 265 Engels, Friedrich, 6, 7 Erdogan, Tayyip, 220 Estonia, 16, 27, 36, 40-44, 241, 262 ethnic cleansing, 37, 65, 69, 70 eurasianism, 46 Eurasian Union, 64, 65 European Union, 36, 37, 220, 261, 267 existentialist philosophy, 6 F Falun Gong, 203, 204, 211, 212, 216 ЗОЇ fascism, 2, 12, 20, 21, 28, 37, 45, 46, 49, 56, 59, 99 first man, 7, 8 First Opium War, 178 First World War, 16 Fourth Political Theory, 46 France, 6, 12, 21, 22, 37, 38, 40, 56, 60, 81, 131, 146, 155, 156, 178, 262, 267 freedom, 5, 7-10, 12, 13, 16-18, 36, 37, 42, 43, 45, 47, 55, 56, 58, 59, 64, 69, 93, 98, 108, 110, 112, 113, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125, 126, 130, 131, 133, 137, 145, 149, 152, 156, 161, 162, 180-183, 189, 195, 196, 199, 200, 202, 203, 205, 206, 211, 212, 215, 222, 237, 238, 248, 249, 262, 264, 266 Freedom House, 54, 131, 212, 217, 237 free-market economy, 87, 197, 262 French Revolution, 11 Friedrich, Carl
Joachim, 17 Fukuyama, Francis, 1-13, 15, 16, 19-21, 25, 28, 31-35, 37, 38, 47, 54, 65, 75, 101, 102, 142, 156, 171, 215, 237, 261, 265, 267, 268 Funke, Manfred, 16 G Geiss, Imanuel, 26, 37, 38 Georgia, 10, 16, 38, 40-42, 44, 55, 60, 61, 66-70, 262, 263 Germany, 9, 11, 12, 16, 21, 25, 39-42, 45, 76, 81, 100, 131, 134, 156, 159, 172, 178, 197, 228, 240, 262, 267 Ghamari-Tabrizi, Behrooz, 118 Ghashghavi, Hassan, 133 glasnost, 41
302 INDEX Gorbachev, Mikhail, 41, 44, 51, 125, 245 Great Firewall China, 213 Great Leap Forward, 179, 184, 185, 214 Green Movement, 124 Guofeng, Hua, 180, 186 Gutmann, Ethan, 204 H Habermas, Jürgen, 195 hakimiyyatullah, 98 Hamas, 95, 130 Han Chinese, 222, 228, 230 Han Dynasty, 177, 178 Haykel, Bernard, 157 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 2, 5-9, 120, 121, 124, 268 Heidegger, Martin, 120, 121 hermeneutic method, 2, 3 hermeneutics, 3, 6, 121, 201 Hezbollah, 100, 130, 263 High Commission for Human Rights, 71 Hobbes, Thomas, 7, 8, 31 Hollande, François, 146 Holocaust, 130 homo islamicus, 103, 105, 110, 111 homo soviéticas, 110 Hong Kong, 178, 181, 192, 226, 227, 229, 231-233, 236, 242 Hoti, Ukshin, 19 humanity, 23, 25, 27, 36, 46, 65, 74, 95, 157, 268 human rights, 5, 12, 18, 21, 26, 32, 57, 58, 93, 94, 98, 125, 127, 130-133, 138, 160-162, 172, 175, 182, 183, 189, 202-207, 211, 214, 217, 220-225, 240, 246, 249, 262, 264 Human Rights Council (HRC), 131, 132, 159, 202, 218 Human Rights Watch (HRW), 131, 132, 202, 209, 211, 218 Hungary, 16, 38, 41, 72, 178, 241, 262 Huntington, Samuel, 47, 142, 267 ideology, 2, 3, 6, 13, 14, 16-18, 20, 21, 25-28, 46, 48, 49, 56-61, 67, 89, 91-93, 95, 99-101, 104-110, 119, 120, 122, 124, 129, 135, 142, 152, 154-156, 158, 159, 181, 183, 186, 190, 201, 202, 206, 208, 212, 218, 222, 228, 229, 237, 248, 249, 264 independence, 9, 22, 36, 37, 40, 41, 43, 44, 62, 66, 69-71, 75, 79, 80, 110-112, 118, 172, 188, 203, 208, 214, 218, 222, 227, 233-236, 247, 266 international relations, 3, 15, 31-33, 55, 58, 155, 171, 187, 235, 236, 262 international system,
31, 33, 56, 67, 87 Iran, Islamic Republic of, 102, 105, 109, 116, 117, 119, 144 Iraq, 10, 16, 33, 90, 95, 96, 102, 104, 110, 123, 130, 132, 145, 147-156, 159, 263, 264 ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria), 12, 87, 88, 95, 96, 99, 100, 146-159, 221, 264 Islam, 10, 12, 46, 88-92, 95-102, 105, 107-110, 112, 114-119, 121, 122, 125, 126, 128, 138, 143, 144, 146, 147, 149-151, 155, 157-162, 214, 221, 238, 264 Islamic Caliphate, 98, 147, 148, 153
INDEX Islamic fundamentalism, 4, 10, 12, 87, 88, 95, 99, 102, 125, 129, 142-145, 159, 161, 221, 261, 263, 264 Islamic Revolution, 102, 105-108, 112, 120, 124, 127, 131, 132, 134, 136, 138, 139 Islamic State, 87, 90, 104, 144, 146, 147, 149-153, 155-158, 264 Islamists, 88-90, 94, 98, 103, 154 Israel, 96, 98, 99, 110, 128-130, 140, 150 J Jafarian, Rasul, 102 Japan, 21, 40, 42, 45, 74, 172, 178, 179, 187, 220, 229, 235, 237, 240, 243, 266, 267 Jiabao, Wen, 181, 194 Jia, Hu, 217 Jingsheng, Wei, 195, 196, 203 Jinping, Xi, 46, 176, 177, 191-193, 198, 200, 201, 207-209, 215, 217, 219, 226-228, 236, 239, 240, 245, 247, 267 Jintao, Hu, 174, 181, 191, 194, 207 Judaism, 134 К Kadyrov, Ramzan, 64 kafir, 100 Kai-shek, Chiang, 179 Kant, Immanuel, 5, 120, 122, 124, 162 Kasparov, Gary, 49 Kennan, George F., 16, 31 Keqiang, Li, 198, 245 KGB (Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti), 41, 43, 44, 49, 56, 63, 64 Khamenei, Ayatollah Ali, 128 303 Khātamī, Muhammad, 108 Kherson, 73 Khodayari, Sahar, 139 Khomeini, Ayatollah, 88, 95, 99, 103-120, 123-125, 128-134, 136-139 Khomeinism, 103, 106, 132 Kiev, 71 Kiever Rus, 38 Kilgour, David, 204 Kissinger, Henry, 31 Kőjévé, Alexandre, 2, 6 Kosovo, 9, 12, 16, 19, 22, 36, 38, 65, 77-79, 81, 96, 241, 262 Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), 81 Kryshtanovskaya, Olga, 63 Kuomintang, 179, 230 L Lama, Dalai, 216, 217 last man, 8, 9, 14, 267 Latin America, 19, 23, 46, 47, 62 Latvia, 16, 27, 36, 40-44, 241, 262 League of Nations, 16 Lenin, Wladimir Ilyich, 11, 23, 51, 72, 176, 184, 186, 188, 209, 210, 226, 236 liberal democracy, 2-4, 6, 9, 10, 12-14, 24, 25, 28, 33, 34,
36, 47, 50, 51, 87, 90, 102, 142, 145, 158, 159, 171, 172, 237, 238, 249, 261, 262, 265-268 liberal ideology, 31, 33 Linz, Juan J., 13, 17, 18 Lithuania, 9, 16, 27, 36, 39-14, 241, 262 Locke, John, 7, 8, 120 Luhansk, 71-74 Μ Macao, 192, 227
304 INDEX Mahdi, 107, 116 Maoism, 181, 183, 184, 186, 196, 227, 249, 250 market economy, 3, 4, 24, 33, 36, 42, 45, 55, 58, 102, 125, 127, 160, 171, 172, 181, 190, 196, 208, 238 Marxism, 125, 180, 183, 191, 200, 201, 226, 227, 250 Marxism-Leninism, 183, 186, 190, 194, 249 Marx, Karl, 2, 5-8, 120, 183, 184, 187 Matas, David, 204 Maududi, Abu al-A’lâ, 89, 91, 95, 99 Medushevsky, Andrey Nikolaevich, 60 Medvedev, Dimitry, 50, 51, 55 Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences, 77 Merkel, Wolfgang, 54 Middle East, 3, 9, 10, 12, 22, 66, 93, 127, 130, 153, 158, 261, 263, 264 Milosevic, Slobodan, 67, 77-79 Moldova, 10, 38, 42, 261, 263 monarchy, 2, 16, 105 Mongols, 39 moral, 8, 17, 36, 91, 110, 111, 119, 124, 139, 143, 155, 157, 161, 174, 186, 187, 200, 205, 216, 221, 227-229 Morgenthau, Hans, 31, 32 Motyl, Alexander J., 62 Muhammad, Prophet, 87, 89, 96, 98, 103, 109, 116, 117, 138, 144, 149, 156-158 Murthy, Viren, 201 Muslim Brotherhood, 88, 89, 91, 95 Mussolini, Benito, 16, 20, 62 N national communities, 217, 228 nationalism, 10, 13, 27, 35-37, 42, 67, 75, 77, 91, 98, 120, 149, 157, 186, 188, 189, 191, 226-232, 241, 266 nationalist ideology, 188, 228 National People’s Congress, 176, 231 nation-state, 27, 31, 37, 61, 92, 98, 109, 124, 186, 188, 227, 228, 267 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 65, 66, 74, 77, 80, 81, 145, 171, 230 Navalny, Alexei, 54, 56, 76 nazi fascism, 2, 10, 11, 18-21, 25-28, 59, 158 Netherlands, 12, 37, 267 Nikonov, Vyacheslav, 48 Nobel Peace Committee, 138 North Korea, 23, 25, 74, 145, 171, 237, 243 Nowak, Manfred, 203 О Obama, Barack, 146, 148, 240
Oceania, 15, 21, 235, 240, 266 October Revolution, 11, 39, 40 Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights of the United Nations (OHCHR), 222-225 One China Policy, 234 one-party system, 18, 24, 56, 60, 118, 171-174, 181, 193, 194, 249, 266 opposition, 13, 20, 23, 42, 48, 52, 56-59, 63, 67, 76, 108, 118, 133, 142, 152, 185, 187, 188, 233, 239, 262 Orthodox civilisation, 46 Ottoman Empire, 16, 39, 40, 93, 98
INDEX P Pahlavi, Reza Shah, 103, 135 Palestíne, 16, 22, 96, 130, 147, 150 patriotism, 35, 36, 91, 149, 188-190, 227, 229-231 Peng, Li, 182, 183 People’s Republic of China, 3, 23, 25, 132, 172, 174-177, 179, 192-196, 198, 202-204, 211, 217, 218, 220-222, 225, 231-234, 237, 239, 243, 248 perestroika, 41 phenomenology, 6 philosophy, 2, 3, 5, 6, 18, 46, 89, 92, 93, 113, 121, 123, 177, 200, 201, 250 pluralism, 16, 23, 36, 94, 160-162, 239, 250 Poland, 16, 21, 39-41, 72, 241 political Islam, 88-93, 95, 98, 99, 101, 103, 120 Popitz, Heinrich, 156 propaganda, 18, 20, 23, 24, 26, 65, 75, 87, 97, 112, 129, 135, 150, 152, 154, 183, 186, 201, 208, 210, 215, 216, 219, 223, 229, 230, 245, 247 Putinism, 47^9, 51, 52, 56-61, 63, 66, 67, 261 putinomics, 52 Putin, Vladimir, 42, 45-68, 70-73, 75, 76, 262, 263, 267 Q Qin Dynasty, 177 Qinglian, He, 208, 209 Qosja, Rexhep, 22, 23 Quran, 13, 88, 89, 91, 94, 96-98, 104, 106, 109, 111, 115, 116, 129, 133, 134, 136, 144, 146, 149, 153, 154, 157, 158, 160, 161, 231 305 Qutb, Saiyid, 91, 95, 99 R realism, 31, 32 Recak Massacre, 81 religion, 5, 8-10, 13, 14, 23, 26, 27, 46, 56, 59, 60, 87, 89-92, 95-108, 110, 112, 114-117, 119-122, 125, 127, 134, 143, 144, 146, 149, 151, 155-158, 160-162, 205, 206, 212, 214, 215, 218, 221, 230, 249, 263 Reporters Without Borders, 209, 212 Richert, Robert, 88 Riedel, Sabine, 88, 89 Roman Christianity, 38 Rudd, Kevin, 192, 200, 203, 208, 228, 240, 241 Russia, 3, 15, 16, 24, 25, 27, 37-42, 44-50, 52-56, 58-70, 72-77, 81, 131, 140, 141, 172, 173, 178, 179, 187, 197, 243, 244, 261-263, 267 Russian Duma, 53, 68 Russian
Empire, 38, 39, 46-48, 67 Russian Federation, 41, 42, 44, 45, 49, 51-55, 61, 64, 69-71, 73 Russian ultra-nationalism, 37, 45, 56, 58-61, 67, 68, 261, 263 S Second Opium War, 178, 214 self-determination, 16, 65, 135, 208, 236, 238 Serbia, 2, 10, 16, 19, 24, 37, 38, 40, 67, 77-81, 241, 248, 262 Serbian ultra-nationalism, 77 Shablinsky, Ilya, 53 Shahizadeh, Yadullah, 124
306 INDEX Sharia, 87-91, 98, 104, 106, 108, 115, 124-126, 129, 132, 150, 151, 153, 154, 156-158, 161 Shevstova, Lilia, 59 shi’ism, 117 Shiite, 88, 89, 103, 104, 106, 107, 113, 116-118, 128, 147, 148, 151, 152, 155, 157, 159, 161, 263 Shimov, Vladimirovich, 60 Shulipa, Yury Yuryevich, 48 Shulman, Ekaterina, 53 Sinopharm BIBP, 141 Sitnikov, Alexei, 48 Sloterdijk, Peter, 101 Slovenia, 16, 36, 38, 77, 79, 241 Slovenian Territorial Defense, 79 socialism, 22, 23, 26, 33, 55, 58, 91, 108, 175, 184, 186, 187, 190, 191, 200, 201, 227, 229 socialism with Chinese characteristics, 177, 186, 190-192, 200, 201 socialist market economy, 173, 177, 186, 198, 228, 249 socialist revolution, 11, 24, 179, 184 Soroush, Abdulkarim, 102, 120, 121 Southeast Asia, 10, 12, 102, 231, 237, 238, 241, 242 Southeast Europe, 10, 36, 102, 262, 267 South Ossetia, 38, 42, 61, 68, 70, 262 Soviet Army, 24, 41, 43, 44 Soviet socialism, 26 Soviet Union (USSR), 11, 16, 21, 23-25, 28, 36, 37, 42-4:5, 59, 65, 69, 125, 173-175, 184, 189, 243, 261 Sputnik V, 75, 77, 141 Stalin, Joseph, 18, 20, 23, 25, 51, 57, 72 state-controlled economy, 33 structuralism, 6 Sulakshin, Stepan, 48 Sunni, 88, 89, 103, 116, 117, 128, 148, 155, 161, 263 Syria, 10, 16, 74, 90, 96, 100, 147-156, 159, 263, 264 T Taheri, Amir, 106, 132, 138 Taiwan (Republic of China), 20, 22, 173, 174, 179, 181, 192, 193, 195, 203, 208, 210, 214, 226, 227, 229, 231-237, 240-243, 248, 266, 267 Tajzadeh, Mustafa, 122, 125, 126 Taliban, 146 Tarasov, Alexander, 59 Taylor, Bryan, 51, 52, 56, 59, 63, 64 Taylor, Charles, 36 theories of international relations, 31
Tiananmen Square, 9, 181, 182, 186, 188, 202, 207, 214 Tibet, 181, 202-204, 208, 210, 214, 216, 217, 227, 230, 232 Tishkov, Valery, 61 totalitarianism, 16-18, 20-23, 25, 27, 77, 124, 125 totalitarian state, 17, 19-21 totalitarian system, 16-18, 25-27, 36, 56,208 Transnistria, 38, 42, 55, 61, 67-69, 262 Travin, Dmitry, 60 Turkey, 11, 12, 19, 91, 102, 130, 156, 220 U Ukraine, 16, 38, 40-42, 44, 46, 55, 59-61, 64-66, 68, 71-74, 262, 263, 267
INDEX Ultra-nationalism, 37, 45, 56, 58-61, 67, 68, 77, 261-263 UN Charter, 72 UN Convention on Human Rights, 202 UN General Assembly, 74, 232 UN Human Rights Council, 202 United Kingdom, 21, 197, 247, 267 United Nations, 22, 41, 44, 133, 159, 199, 203, 204, 218, 220, 224, 225, 232 United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 204 United Russia, 54, 58, 59 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 132, 202, 207 UN Security Council, 41, 44, 55, 131, 174, 232, 233, 239 USA, 66, 74, 76, 80, 92, 140, 178, 180, 220, 235, 238, 240, 248 uskoronje, 41 USSR (Soviet Union), 1, 12, 40^12, 44, 45, 54, 55, 57, 61, 63, 64, 66, 68, 125, 171-173, 175, 180, 184, 187, 228, 262 Uyghurs, 223, 225 V Van Herpen, Marcel H., 51, 56, 59, 60, 62 Vietnam, 22, 23, 25, 171, 241, 242 Vocational Education and Training Centers (VETC), 223-225 Volodin, Vyacheslav, 64 W Walt, Stephen Μ., 87, 88 Wang, Zheng, 191 war in Ukraine, 10, 71, 73, 74, 262, 263 Weber, Max, 11, 31, 101, 215 307 Wenliang, Li, 244, 266 Wenxian, Zhang, 203 Wilsonian realism, 32 Wilson, Woodrow, 16 Wladimirow, Andrej, 54 World Bank, 174 World Trade Organization (WTO), 174, 197, 240, 245 World War II, 21, 22, 28, 40, 68, 80, 103, 134, 186 Wuhan, 181, 244, 246, 266 X Xiaoping, Deng, 173, 175, 180, 181, 183, 186, 190, 191, 196, 207, 208, 233 Xinjiang, 181, 205, 217-225, 227 Xinjiang Education Camp, 202 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), 222, 224 Y Yaobang, Hu, 181, 182 Yavlinsky, Grigory, 47, 48 Yeltsin, Boris, 41, 42, 44, 45, 49-52, 54, 55, 59 Yudin, Grigory, 52 Yugoslavia (SFRY), 16, 24, 36, 37, 77-80, 173, 174, 228 Yugoslav
People’s Army, 79, 80 Z Zaporizhzhia, 73 Zedong, Mao, 179, 180, 183, 185, 186, 190, 194, 196, 200, 210, 214, 218, 228, 248 Zelenskyy, Volodymyr, 72, 73 Zemin, Jiang, 181, 188, 191, 207, 231 Zenz, Adrian, 205, 219, 221, 222
308 INDEX Zhou Dynasty, 177 Ziyang, Zhao, 182, 183 Zizek, Slavoj, 76, 201, 245, 246 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
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Contents 1 2 History Continues 2.1 Fukuyama’s Theoretical Intertwining with Kant, Hegel and Marx 2.2 The Struggle for Recognition 2.3 The First Man and the Last Man 2.4 Christianity, Islamism and Protestantism 2.5 Democracy References 3 4 1 4 Introduction References 5 5 7 8 9 10 14 The Totalitarianism of the Twentieth Century: Nazi Fascism and Communism 3.1 Nazi Fascism 3.2 Communism References 15 20 22 29 Fukuyama in the Vortex of Theories of International Relations References 31 34 v
vi 5 6 7 CONTENTS Ultra-Nationalism as a Model of Continuation of the History 5.1 Russian Ultranationalism 5.1.1 Russian Empire and Russian Expansion 5.1.2 Attacks Against Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia 5.1.3 Ideological Concepts of Russian Ultra-Nationalism 5.1.4 Putinism 5.1.5 The Wars Against Georgia, Chechnya and Transnistria 5.1.6 The War in Ukraine 5.1.7 Covid 19 in Russia 5.2 Serbian Ultra-Nationalism References Islamic Fundamentalism as a Model of Continuation of the History 6.1 Political Islam and Islamic Fundamentalism 6.2 Iranian Islamic Fundamentalism 6.2.1 Khomeinista and Homo Islamitas 6.2.2 The Islamic Fundamentalist System inIran 6.2.3 Human Rights in Iran 6.2.4 COVID-19 in Iran 6.3 Al Qaeda 6.4 Daesh—ISIS 6.5 The Future of Relations Between Islam and the West References Chinese Socialism as a Model of the Continuation of the History 7.1 The Foundation and Development ofAuthoritarianism in China 173 7.2 Chinese Maoist Worldview 7.3 Socialism with Chinsese Charateristics 7.4 Human Rights in China 7.5 National Communities in China 7.6 Nationalism and the Idea of Uniting the Chinese Nation 225 7.7 The Concept of “Asian Values” and China’s Relations with Other Countries 237 35 38 38 43 45 47 67 71 75 77 81 87 88 102 103 112 127 139 141 146 160 162 171 183 190 202 217
CONTENTS ѴІІ 7.8 Covid-19 in China 7.9 China’s Way to the Future References 244 248 250 Conclusion References 261 269 Bibliography 271 Index 299 8
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Index A Abdel-Samad, Hamed, 95, 97-101, 117, 130, 132, 134 Abdi, Abbas, 122, 126 Abkhazia, 38, 42, 61, 68-70, 262 Abrahamian, Ervand, 106-108, 127, 132 Africa, 3, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 20, 21, 23, 46, 47, 130, 161, 197, 235, 240, 243, 244, 266 Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 123, 130 Al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr, 147, 149-151, 153 Al-Baghdadi, Abu Omar, 147 Albania, 9, 12, 16, 19, 27, 38, 40, 41, 78, 79, 81, 180, 232, 241 Al-Maliki, Nouri, 148 Al Qaeda, 87, 88, 92, 95, 141-148, 158, 159 Al-Zarqawi, Abu Musab, 147 America, 1, 8, 9, 12, 15, 17, 32, 45, 67, 110, 123, 128-130, 146, 147, 155, 172, 194, 230, 232, 240, 265, 267 American Revolution, 11 Amini, Mahsa, 136, 137 Amnesty International, 42, 131, 133, 202, 207, 209, 211 Arab Spring, 66, 159, 263 Arendt, Hannah, 2, 17, 19-21, 25, 27, 28, 36 Armenia, 16, 102, 159, 261 Army of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 80 ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), 241, 242 Asia, 4, 12, 15, 20, 21, 23, 38, 102, 130, 161, 171, 187, 192, 209, 237, 238, 241, 261, 266 Asian values, 237, 238 assimilation, 36, 62, 217, 230 Australia, 12, 21, 74, 156, 197, 209, 220, 240 Austria-Hungary, 16 authoritarianism, 3, 9, 19, 37, 48-51, 57, 67, 173, 195 authoritarian regimes, 13, 48, 53, 131, 201 autocracy, 47, 48, 58, 266 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023 S. Kiçmari, History Continues https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8402-0 299
300 INDEX Azghadi, Hassan Rahimpur, 129 B Badovsky, Dmitry, 53 Baranov, Nikolay, 62 Belovezhskaya Agreement, 41, 44 Berlin Wall, 36 Biden, Joe, 74, 265 Bin Laden, Osama, 142-146 Bosnia and Hercegovina, 96 Bosnian Serbs, 37, 80 Boxer Uprising, 178, 214 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 17, 240 Buddhism, 214, 238 Bulgarian Empire, 38 Bush, George W, 145, 146, 233 Buyun, Li, 203 Byzantine Empire, 38 C Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, 132 capitalism, 33, 52, 62, 108, 109, 112, 123, 125, 128, 129, 185, 190, 201, 248 Catholic Church, 117, 159, 215, 216 Chechnya, 10, 38, 42, 43, 55, 60, 61, 64, 65, 67-69, 262 China, 3, 11, 22, 25, 39, 47, 55, 67, 75, 131, 139, 140, 151, 171-222, 225-250, 261, 265-267 China’s Communist Party (CCP), 22, 173-177, 179, 183, 184, 186-192, 194-196, 200, 205-208, 210-214, 217-219, 221, 222, 226-229, 236, 250, 265, 266 Chinese Civil War, 22 Chinese Government, 178, 193-195, 197, 199, 203, 205-210, 212, 215-217, 219-224, 230, 231, 234, 244-249, 265, 266 Chinese socialism, 4, 13, 32, 189, 201, 261, 265 Christianity, 9, 10, 38, 134, 162, 202, 214 civil society, 11, 20, 23, 56-58, 60, 61, 120, 122, 123, 138, 214, 216 class struggle, 6, 23, 24, 28, 184, 185, 201, 228 Cold War, 33, 36, 65, 68, 125, 156, 171, 172, 175, 234, 237, 243, 265 Commonwealth of Independent States, 41, 44, 68, 261 communism, 1, 2, 6, 9, 11, 12, 18, 19, 22-28, 37, 45, 46, 99, 108, 109, 112, 123, 125, 128, 158, 173, 175, 184, 185, 187, 200, 237, 245 communist system, 20, 23-28, 36, 58, 63, 172, 217, 232 confucianism, 178, 183, 201, 202, 214, 238, 249 constructivism, 33 Courtois, Stephane,
23 Covid 19, 75-77, 139-141, 181, 209, 244-247, 263, 264, 266 CPSU (The Communist Party of the Soviet Union), 41, 44, 184, 194 Crimea, 38, 40, 42, 55, 61, 65, 68, 70-73, 262 critical realism, 6 Croatia, 16, 36, 38, 77, 79, 80, 241 Croatian Army, 79, 80 Cultural Revolution, 123, 180, 181, 185-187, 190, 214, 215, 218 Czechoslovakia, 16, 36, 37, 41 Czempiel, Ernst Otto, 33
INDEX D DAESH-ISIS, 146-159 democracy, 9-14, 20, 22, 24, 31, 33, 37, 48, 50, 52-56, 58, 75, 91, 93, 98, 104, 106, 107, 119-121, 123, 125, 126, 138, 142, 149, 157, 160, 162, 175, 179-183, 185, 189, 190, 193-196, 201, 203, 208, 209, 214, 235, 237, 238, 248-250, 261-264, 268 Donetsk, 71-74 Dugin, Alexander, 45-47, 64, 76 Dustdar, Aramesh, 121 E East China Sea, 240, 243 Eastern Europe, 1, 3, 6, 11, 20, 22-24, 36, 42, 47, 65, 66, 68, 87, 142, 171, 172, 174, 175, 186, 195, 237, 241, 261, 266 Ebadi, Shirin, 138 economy, 3, 4, 13, 17, 23-25, 33, 36, 42, 45, 50, 51, 55-61, 63, 102, 106, 125, 127, 141, 142, 160, 171-174, 177, 179, 181, 185, 190, 192, 196, 197, 207, 208, 228, 238, 239, 244, 245, 247, 249, 265 Engels, Friedrich, 6, 7 Erdogan, Tayyip, 220 Estonia, 16, 27, 36, 40-44, 241, 262 ethnic cleansing, 37, 65, 69, 70 eurasianism, 46 Eurasian Union, 64, 65 European Union, 36, 37, 220, 261, 267 existentialist philosophy, 6 F Falun Gong, 203, 204, 211, 212, 216 ЗОЇ fascism, 2, 12, 20, 21, 28, 37, 45, 46, 49, 56, 59, 99 first man, 7, 8 First Opium War, 178 First World War, 16 Fourth Political Theory, 46 France, 6, 12, 21, 22, 37, 38, 40, 56, 60, 81, 131, 146, 155, 156, 178, 262, 267 freedom, 5, 7-10, 12, 13, 16-18, 36, 37, 42, 43, 45, 47, 55, 56, 58, 59, 64, 69, 93, 98, 108, 110, 112, 113, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125, 126, 130, 131, 133, 137, 145, 149, 152, 156, 161, 162, 180-183, 189, 195, 196, 199, 200, 202, 203, 205, 206, 211, 212, 215, 222, 237, 238, 248, 249, 262, 264, 266 Freedom House, 54, 131, 212, 217, 237 free-market economy, 87, 197, 262 French Revolution, 11 Friedrich, Carl
Joachim, 17 Fukuyama, Francis, 1-13, 15, 16, 19-21, 25, 28, 31-35, 37, 38, 47, 54, 65, 75, 101, 102, 142, 156, 171, 215, 237, 261, 265, 267, 268 Funke, Manfred, 16 G Geiss, Imanuel, 26, 37, 38 Georgia, 10, 16, 38, 40-42, 44, 55, 60, 61, 66-70, 262, 263 Germany, 9, 11, 12, 16, 21, 25, 39-42, 45, 76, 81, 100, 131, 134, 156, 159, 172, 178, 197, 228, 240, 262, 267 Ghamari-Tabrizi, Behrooz, 118 Ghashghavi, Hassan, 133 glasnost, 41
302 INDEX Gorbachev, Mikhail, 41, 44, 51, 125, 245 Great Firewall China, 213 Great Leap Forward, 179, 184, 185, 214 Green Movement, 124 Guofeng, Hua, 180, 186 Gutmann, Ethan, 204 H Habermas, Jürgen, 195 hakimiyyatullah, 98 Hamas, 95, 130 Han Chinese, 222, 228, 230 Han Dynasty, 177, 178 Haykel, Bernard, 157 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 2, 5-9, 120, 121, 124, 268 Heidegger, Martin, 120, 121 hermeneutic method, 2, 3 hermeneutics, 3, 6, 121, 201 Hezbollah, 100, 130, 263 High Commission for Human Rights, 71 Hobbes, Thomas, 7, 8, 31 Hollande, François, 146 Holocaust, 130 homo islamicus, 103, 105, 110, 111 homo soviéticas, 110 Hong Kong, 178, 181, 192, 226, 227, 229, 231-233, 236, 242 Hoti, Ukshin, 19 humanity, 23, 25, 27, 36, 46, 65, 74, 95, 157, 268 human rights, 5, 12, 18, 21, 26, 32, 57, 58, 93, 94, 98, 125, 127, 130-133, 138, 160-162, 172, 175, 182, 183, 189, 202-207, 211, 214, 217, 220-225, 240, 246, 249, 262, 264 Human Rights Council (HRC), 131, 132, 159, 202, 218 Human Rights Watch (HRW), 131, 132, 202, 209, 211, 218 Hungary, 16, 38, 41, 72, 178, 241, 262 Huntington, Samuel, 47, 142, 267 ideology, 2, 3, 6, 13, 14, 16-18, 20, 21, 25-28, 46, 48, 49, 56-61, 67, 89, 91-93, 95, 99-101, 104-110, 119, 120, 122, 124, 129, 135, 142, 152, 154-156, 158, 159, 181, 183, 186, 190, 201, 202, 206, 208, 212, 218, 222, 228, 229, 237, 248, 249, 264 independence, 9, 22, 36, 37, 40, 41, 43, 44, 62, 66, 69-71, 75, 79, 80, 110-112, 118, 172, 188, 203, 208, 214, 218, 222, 227, 233-236, 247, 266 international relations, 3, 15, 31-33, 55, 58, 155, 171, 187, 235, 236, 262 international system,
31, 33, 56, 67, 87 Iran, Islamic Republic of, 102, 105, 109, 116, 117, 119, 144 Iraq, 10, 16, 33, 90, 95, 96, 102, 104, 110, 123, 130, 132, 145, 147-156, 159, 263, 264 ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria), 12, 87, 88, 95, 96, 99, 100, 146-159, 221, 264 Islam, 10, 12, 46, 88-92, 95-102, 105, 107-110, 112, 114-119, 121, 122, 125, 126, 128, 138, 143, 144, 146, 147, 149-151, 155, 157-162, 214, 221, 238, 264 Islamic Caliphate, 98, 147, 148, 153
INDEX Islamic fundamentalism, 4, 10, 12, 87, 88, 95, 99, 102, 125, 129, 142-145, 159, 161, 221, 261, 263, 264 Islamic Revolution, 102, 105-108, 112, 120, 124, 127, 131, 132, 134, 136, 138, 139 Islamic State, 87, 90, 104, 144, 146, 147, 149-153, 155-158, 264 Islamists, 88-90, 94, 98, 103, 154 Israel, 96, 98, 99, 110, 128-130, 140, 150 J Jafarian, Rasul, 102 Japan, 21, 40, 42, 45, 74, 172, 178, 179, 187, 220, 229, 235, 237, 240, 243, 266, 267 Jiabao, Wen, 181, 194 Jia, Hu, 217 Jingsheng, Wei, 195, 196, 203 Jinping, Xi, 46, 176, 177, 191-193, 198, 200, 201, 207-209, 215, 217, 219, 226-228, 236, 239, 240, 245, 247, 267 Jintao, Hu, 174, 181, 191, 194, 207 Judaism, 134 К Kadyrov, Ramzan, 64 kafir, 100 Kai-shek, Chiang, 179 Kant, Immanuel, 5, 120, 122, 124, 162 Kasparov, Gary, 49 Kennan, George F., 16, 31 Keqiang, Li, 198, 245 KGB (Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti), 41, 43, 44, 49, 56, 63, 64 Khamenei, Ayatollah Ali, 128 303 Khātamī, Muhammad, 108 Kherson, 73 Khodayari, Sahar, 139 Khomeini, Ayatollah, 88, 95, 99, 103-120, 123-125, 128-134, 136-139 Khomeinism, 103, 106, 132 Kiev, 71 Kiever Rus, 38 Kilgour, David, 204 Kissinger, Henry, 31 Kőjévé, Alexandre, 2, 6 Kosovo, 9, 12, 16, 19, 22, 36, 38, 65, 77-79, 81, 96, 241, 262 Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), 81 Kryshtanovskaya, Olga, 63 Kuomintang, 179, 230 L Lama, Dalai, 216, 217 last man, 8, 9, 14, 267 Latin America, 19, 23, 46, 47, 62 Latvia, 16, 27, 36, 40-44, 241, 262 League of Nations, 16 Lenin, Wladimir Ilyich, 11, 23, 51, 72, 176, 184, 186, 188, 209, 210, 226, 236 liberal democracy, 2-4, 6, 9, 10, 12-14, 24, 25, 28, 33, 34,
36, 47, 50, 51, 87, 90, 102, 142, 145, 158, 159, 171, 172, 237, 238, 249, 261, 262, 265-268 liberal ideology, 31, 33 Linz, Juan J., 13, 17, 18 Lithuania, 9, 16, 27, 36, 39-14, 241, 262 Locke, John, 7, 8, 120 Luhansk, 71-74 Μ Macao, 192, 227
304 INDEX Mahdi, 107, 116 Maoism, 181, 183, 184, 186, 196, 227, 249, 250 market economy, 3, 4, 24, 33, 36, 42, 45, 55, 58, 102, 125, 127, 160, 171, 172, 181, 190, 196, 208, 238 Marxism, 125, 180, 183, 191, 200, 201, 226, 227, 250 Marxism-Leninism, 183, 186, 190, 194, 249 Marx, Karl, 2, 5-8, 120, 183, 184, 187 Matas, David, 204 Maududi, Abu al-A’lâ, 89, 91, 95, 99 Medushevsky, Andrey Nikolaevich, 60 Medvedev, Dimitry, 50, 51, 55 Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences, 77 Merkel, Wolfgang, 54 Middle East, 3, 9, 10, 12, 22, 66, 93, 127, 130, 153, 158, 261, 263, 264 Milosevic, Slobodan, 67, 77-79 Moldova, 10, 38, 42, 261, 263 monarchy, 2, 16, 105 Mongols, 39 moral, 8, 17, 36, 91, 110, 111, 119, 124, 139, 143, 155, 157, 161, 174, 186, 187, 200, 205, 216, 221, 227-229 Morgenthau, Hans, 31, 32 Motyl, Alexander J., 62 Muhammad, Prophet, 87, 89, 96, 98, 103, 109, 116, 117, 138, 144, 149, 156-158 Murthy, Viren, 201 Muslim Brotherhood, 88, 89, 91, 95 Mussolini, Benito, 16, 20, 62 N national communities, 217, 228 nationalism, 10, 13, 27, 35-37, 42, 67, 75, 77, 91, 98, 120, 149, 157, 186, 188, 189, 191, 226-232, 241, 266 nationalist ideology, 188, 228 National People’s Congress, 176, 231 nation-state, 27, 31, 37, 61, 92, 98, 109, 124, 186, 188, 227, 228, 267 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 65, 66, 74, 77, 80, 81, 145, 171, 230 Navalny, Alexei, 54, 56, 76 nazi fascism, 2, 10, 11, 18-21, 25-28, 59, 158 Netherlands, 12, 37, 267 Nikonov, Vyacheslav, 48 Nobel Peace Committee, 138 North Korea, 23, 25, 74, 145, 171, 237, 243 Nowak, Manfred, 203 О Obama, Barack, 146, 148, 240
Oceania, 15, 21, 235, 240, 266 October Revolution, 11, 39, 40 Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights of the United Nations (OHCHR), 222-225 One China Policy, 234 one-party system, 18, 24, 56, 60, 118, 171-174, 181, 193, 194, 249, 266 opposition, 13, 20, 23, 42, 48, 52, 56-59, 63, 67, 76, 108, 118, 133, 142, 152, 185, 187, 188, 233, 239, 262 Orthodox civilisation, 46 Ottoman Empire, 16, 39, 40, 93, 98
INDEX P Pahlavi, Reza Shah, 103, 135 Palestíne, 16, 22, 96, 130, 147, 150 patriotism, 35, 36, 91, 149, 188-190, 227, 229-231 Peng, Li, 182, 183 People’s Republic of China, 3, 23, 25, 132, 172, 174-177, 179, 192-196, 198, 202-204, 211, 217, 218, 220-222, 225, 231-234, 237, 239, 243, 248 perestroika, 41 phenomenology, 6 philosophy, 2, 3, 5, 6, 18, 46, 89, 92, 93, 113, 121, 123, 177, 200, 201, 250 pluralism, 16, 23, 36, 94, 160-162, 239, 250 Poland, 16, 21, 39-41, 72, 241 political Islam, 88-93, 95, 98, 99, 101, 103, 120 Popitz, Heinrich, 156 propaganda, 18, 20, 23, 24, 26, 65, 75, 87, 97, 112, 129, 135, 150, 152, 154, 183, 186, 201, 208, 210, 215, 216, 219, 223, 229, 230, 245, 247 Putinism, 47^9, 51, 52, 56-61, 63, 66, 67, 261 putinomics, 52 Putin, Vladimir, 42, 45-68, 70-73, 75, 76, 262, 263, 267 Q Qin Dynasty, 177 Qinglian, He, 208, 209 Qosja, Rexhep, 22, 23 Quran, 13, 88, 89, 91, 94, 96-98, 104, 106, 109, 111, 115, 116, 129, 133, 134, 136, 144, 146, 149, 153, 154, 157, 158, 160, 161, 231 305 Qutb, Saiyid, 91, 95, 99 R realism, 31, 32 Recak Massacre, 81 religion, 5, 8-10, 13, 14, 23, 26, 27, 46, 56, 59, 60, 87, 89-92, 95-108, 110, 112, 114-117, 119-122, 125, 127, 134, 143, 144, 146, 149, 151, 155-158, 160-162, 205, 206, 212, 214, 215, 218, 221, 230, 249, 263 Reporters Without Borders, 209, 212 Richert, Robert, 88 Riedel, Sabine, 88, 89 Roman Christianity, 38 Rudd, Kevin, 192, 200, 203, 208, 228, 240, 241 Russia, 3, 15, 16, 24, 25, 27, 37-42, 44-50, 52-56, 58-70, 72-77, 81, 131, 140, 141, 172, 173, 178, 179, 187, 197, 243, 244, 261-263, 267 Russian Duma, 53, 68 Russian
Empire, 38, 39, 46-48, 67 Russian Federation, 41, 42, 44, 45, 49, 51-55, 61, 64, 69-71, 73 Russian ultra-nationalism, 37, 45, 56, 58-61, 67, 68, 261, 263 S Second Opium War, 178, 214 self-determination, 16, 65, 135, 208, 236, 238 Serbia, 2, 10, 16, 19, 24, 37, 38, 40, 67, 77-81, 241, 248, 262 Serbian ultra-nationalism, 77 Shablinsky, Ilya, 53 Shahizadeh, Yadullah, 124
306 INDEX Sharia, 87-91, 98, 104, 106, 108, 115, 124-126, 129, 132, 150, 151, 153, 154, 156-158, 161 Shevstova, Lilia, 59 shi’ism, 117 Shiite, 88, 89, 103, 104, 106, 107, 113, 116-118, 128, 147, 148, 151, 152, 155, 157, 159, 161, 263 Shimov, Vladimirovich, 60 Shulipa, Yury Yuryevich, 48 Shulman, Ekaterina, 53 Sinopharm BIBP, 141 Sitnikov, Alexei, 48 Sloterdijk, Peter, 101 Slovenia, 16, 36, 38, 77, 79, 241 Slovenian Territorial Defense, 79 socialism, 22, 23, 26, 33, 55, 58, 91, 108, 175, 184, 186, 187, 190, 191, 200, 201, 227, 229 socialism with Chinese characteristics, 177, 186, 190-192, 200, 201 socialist market economy, 173, 177, 186, 198, 228, 249 socialist revolution, 11, 24, 179, 184 Soroush, Abdulkarim, 102, 120, 121 Southeast Asia, 10, 12, 102, 231, 237, 238, 241, 242 Southeast Europe, 10, 36, 102, 262, 267 South Ossetia, 38, 42, 61, 68, 70, 262 Soviet Army, 24, 41, 43, 44 Soviet socialism, 26 Soviet Union (USSR), 11, 16, 21, 23-25, 28, 36, 37, 42-4:5, 59, 65, 69, 125, 173-175, 184, 189, 243, 261 Sputnik V, 75, 77, 141 Stalin, Joseph, 18, 20, 23, 25, 51, 57, 72 state-controlled economy, 33 structuralism, 6 Sulakshin, Stepan, 48 Sunni, 88, 89, 103, 116, 117, 128, 148, 155, 161, 263 Syria, 10, 16, 74, 90, 96, 100, 147-156, 159, 263, 264 T Taheri, Amir, 106, 132, 138 Taiwan (Republic of China), 20, 22, 173, 174, 179, 181, 192, 193, 195, 203, 208, 210, 214, 226, 227, 229, 231-237, 240-243, 248, 266, 267 Tajzadeh, Mustafa, 122, 125, 126 Taliban, 146 Tarasov, Alexander, 59 Taylor, Bryan, 51, 52, 56, 59, 63, 64 Taylor, Charles, 36 theories of international relations, 31
Tiananmen Square, 9, 181, 182, 186, 188, 202, 207, 214 Tibet, 181, 202-204, 208, 210, 214, 216, 217, 227, 230, 232 Tishkov, Valery, 61 totalitarianism, 16-18, 20-23, 25, 27, 77, 124, 125 totalitarian state, 17, 19-21 totalitarian system, 16-18, 25-27, 36, 56,208 Transnistria, 38, 42, 55, 61, 67-69, 262 Travin, Dmitry, 60 Turkey, 11, 12, 19, 91, 102, 130, 156, 220 U Ukraine, 16, 38, 40-42, 44, 46, 55, 59-61, 64-66, 68, 71-74, 262, 263, 267
INDEX Ultra-nationalism, 37, 45, 56, 58-61, 67, 68, 77, 261-263 UN Charter, 72 UN Convention on Human Rights, 202 UN General Assembly, 74, 232 UN Human Rights Council, 202 United Kingdom, 21, 197, 247, 267 United Nations, 22, 41, 44, 133, 159, 199, 203, 204, 218, 220, 224, 225, 232 United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 204 United Russia, 54, 58, 59 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 132, 202, 207 UN Security Council, 41, 44, 55, 131, 174, 232, 233, 239 USA, 66, 74, 76, 80, 92, 140, 178, 180, 220, 235, 238, 240, 248 uskoronje, 41 USSR (Soviet Union), 1, 12, 40^12, 44, 45, 54, 55, 57, 61, 63, 64, 66, 68, 125, 171-173, 175, 180, 184, 187, 228, 262 Uyghurs, 223, 225 V Van Herpen, Marcel H., 51, 56, 59, 60, 62 Vietnam, 22, 23, 25, 171, 241, 242 Vocational Education and Training Centers (VETC), 223-225 Volodin, Vyacheslav, 64 W Walt, Stephen Μ., 87, 88 Wang, Zheng, 191 war in Ukraine, 10, 71, 73, 74, 262, 263 Weber, Max, 11, 31, 101, 215 307 Wenliang, Li, 244, 266 Wenxian, Zhang, 203 Wilsonian realism, 32 Wilson, Woodrow, 16 Wladimirow, Andrej, 54 World Bank, 174 World Trade Organization (WTO), 174, 197, 240, 245 World War II, 21, 22, 28, 40, 68, 80, 103, 134, 186 Wuhan, 181, 244, 246, 266 X Xiaoping, Deng, 173, 175, 180, 181, 183, 186, 190, 191, 196, 207, 208, 233 Xinjiang, 181, 205, 217-225, 227 Xinjiang Education Camp, 202 Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), 222, 224 Y Yaobang, Hu, 181, 182 Yavlinsky, Grigory, 47, 48 Yeltsin, Boris, 41, 42, 44, 45, 49-52, 54, 55, 59 Yudin, Grigory, 52 Yugoslavia (SFRY), 16, 24, 36, 37, 77-80, 173, 174, 228 Yugoslav
People’s Army, 79, 80 Z Zaporizhzhia, 73 Zedong, Mao, 179, 180, 183, 185, 186, 190, 194, 196, 200, 210, 214, 218, 228, 248 Zelenskyy, Volodymyr, 72, 73 Zemin, Jiang, 181, 188, 191, 207, 231 Zenz, Adrian, 205, 219, 221, 222
308 INDEX Zhou Dynasty, 177 Ziyang, Zhao, 182, 183 Zizek, Slavoj, 76, 201, 245, 246 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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| author | Kiçmari, Sabri 1967- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1078458677 |
| author_facet | Kiçmari, Sabri 1967- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kiçmari, Sabri 1967- |
| author_variant | s k sk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048600658 |
| classification_rvk | NB 3100 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1369561072 (DE-599)BVBBV048600658 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | China Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV048600658 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:09:55Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:42:38Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789811984013 9811984018 |
| language | German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033976188 |
| oclc_num | 1369561072 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-12 |
| physical | vii, 308 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20230811 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Palgrave Macmillan |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kiçmari, Sabri 1967- Verfasser (DE-588)1078458677 aut History continues three models of the continuation of history Sabri Kiçmari Singapore Palgrave Macmillan [2023] © 2023 vii, 308 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Posthistoire (DE-588)4222123-7 gnd rswk-swf Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 gnd rswk-swf Sozialismus (DE-588)4055785-6 gnd rswk-swf Fundamentalismus (DE-588)4137178-1 gnd rswk-swf Nationalismus (DE-588)4041300-7 gnd rswk-swf Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd rswk-swf China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 s Posthistoire (DE-588)4222123-7 s DE-604 Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Nationalismus (DE-588)4041300-7 s Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 s Fundamentalismus (DE-588)4137178-1 s China (DE-588)4009937-4 g Sozialismus (DE-588)4055785-6 s Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-981-19-8402-0 (DE-604)BV048604494 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033976188&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033976188&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033976188&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Kiçmari, Sabri 1967- History continues three models of the continuation of history Posthistoire (DE-588)4222123-7 gnd Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 gnd Sozialismus (DE-588)4055785-6 gnd Fundamentalismus (DE-588)4137178-1 gnd Nationalismus (DE-588)4041300-7 gnd Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4222123-7 (DE-588)4046584-6 (DE-588)4055785-6 (DE-588)4137178-1 (DE-588)4041300-7 (DE-588)4027743-4 (DE-588)4009937-4 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | History continues three models of the continuation of history |
| title_auth | History continues three models of the continuation of history |
| title_exact_search | History continues three models of the continuation of history |
| title_exact_search_txtP | History continues three models of the continuation of history |
| title_full | History continues three models of the continuation of history Sabri Kiçmari |
| title_fullStr | History continues three models of the continuation of history Sabri Kiçmari |
| title_full_unstemmed | History continues three models of the continuation of history Sabri Kiçmari |
| title_short | History continues |
| title_sort | history continues three models of the continuation of history |
| title_sub | three models of the continuation of history |
| topic | Posthistoire (DE-588)4222123-7 gnd Politisches System (DE-588)4046584-6 gnd Sozialismus (DE-588)4055785-6 gnd Fundamentalismus (DE-588)4137178-1 gnd Nationalismus (DE-588)4041300-7 gnd Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Posthistoire Politisches System Sozialismus Fundamentalismus Nationalismus Islam China Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033976188&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033976188&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033976188&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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