The Moscow factor: US policy toward sovereign Ukraine and the Kremlin
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| Format: | Buch |
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Cambridge, Massachusetts
Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University
[2022]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Harvard series in Ukrainian studies
82 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 307 Seiten Illustrationen 23 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780674279186 9780674279179 |
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| 653 | 0 | |a POLITICAL SCIENCE / American Government / General | |
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Contents Acknowledgments VII Preface IX Editorial Note XIII Introduction: US Policy Context and theMoscow Factor / Chapter I. Late Soviet-Era Perceptions and Dynamics 15 Chapter 2. US Policy toward the Emergence of Independent Ukraine 31 Chapter 3. US Efforts to Secure Ukraine’s Denuclearization 7/ Chapter 4. US Posture vis-à-vis the Orange Revolution in Ukraine 121 Chapter 5. US Nondecision on Providing Lethal Assistance to Ukraine 155 Chapter 6. Cross-Case Findings and Conclusions 207 Notes 223 Bibliography 287 Index 295
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288 FISHEL.THE MOSCOW FACTOR Budjeryn, Mariana. Inheriting the Bomb: Soviet Collapse and Nuclear Disarmament of Ukraine. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, forthcoming. Burns, William J. The Back Channel: A Memoir ofAmerican Diploma cy and the Case for Its Renewal. New York: Random House, 2019. Bush, George H. W. "A Europe Whole and Free.” Remarks to the citizens in Mainz. Rheingoldhalle, Mainz, Federal Repub lic of Germany, 31 May 1989. US Diplomatic Mission to Germany (website), https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/ga6890531.htm. Bush, George H. W., and Brent Scowcroft. A World Transformed. New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1998. Bush, George W. Address at Warsaw University. 15 June 2001. White House (archived website). https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/ . --------- . Decision Points. New York: Crown, 2011. Cheney, Dick. In My Time. New York: Threshold Editions, 2012. Clinton, Bill. My Life. New York: Random House, 2004. Clinton, Bill, Jacques Chirac, Boris Yeltsin, and Javier Solana. Re marks at NATO/Russia Founding Act Signing Ceremony, Elysee Palace, Paris, 27 May 1997. White House (archived website). https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/WH/ New/EuropeД997O527-814.html. Cohen, Ariel. "Reset Regret: U.S. Should Rethink Relations with Russian Leaders." Heritage Foundation. 15 June 2011. https ://www.heritage.org/europe/report/reset-regret-us-should-rethink-relations-russian-leaders .
BIBLIOGRAPHY 289 D'Anieri, Paul. Ukraine and Russia: From Civilized Divorce to Uncivil War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Deychakiwsky, Orest. “Ukraine in Congress: A Century of U.S. Congressional Support for Ukraine.” U.S.-Ukraine Foun dation. 19 February 2020. https://usukraine.org/. Goble, Paul. “The West’s Real Double Standards in the Ukrainian Crisis." Interpreter, 22 May 2014. https://www.interpretermag.com/. Goldberg, Jeffrey. “The Obama Doctrine.” Atlantic, April 2016. Goldgeier, James, and Michael McFaul. Power and Purpose: US. Policy toward Russia after the Cold War. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2003. Gordon, Michael R., and Eric Schmitt. “U.S. Considers Supplying Arms to Ukraine Forces, Officials Say.” New York Times, 1 February 2015. Horbulin,Volodymyr. The World Hybrid War: The Ukrainian Fore front. Kharkiv: Folio, 2017. Jones, Bruce, and Thomas Wright. The State of the International Order. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2014. Kennan, George F. The Kennan Diaries. Edited by Frank Costigliola. New York: W. W. Norton, 2014. Kerry, John. Every Day Is Extra. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2018. --------- . Remarks at the Atlantic Council's “Toward a Europe Whole and Free” conference, 29 April 2014. US Depart ment of State (archived website). https://2OO9-2O17.state. gov/secretary/remarks/2O14/O4/22538O.htm. Kramer, David. Back to Containment: Dealing with Putin’s Regime. Washington, DC: McCain Institute for International Leadership, 2017. --------- . “US Policy to Ukraine in Need of Urgent Fix.” American Interest, 4 December 2015.
290 FISHEL.THE MOSCOW FACTOR Kuzio, Taras. "Nationalism, identity and civil society in Ukraine: Understanding the Orange Revolution.” Communistand Post-Communist Studies 43, no. 3 (2010): 285-96. ---------- . Putin’s War against Ukraine: Revolution, Nationalism, and Crime. Toronto: Chair of Ukrainian Studies, University of Toronto, 2017. Lane, Arthur Bliss. I Saw Poland Betrayed: An American Ambassador Reports to the American People. New York: Bobb-Merrill, 1948. Lubold, Gordon. “Joint Chiefs Chairman Nominee Says Russia Is Top Military Threat." Wall Street Journal, 9 July 2015. Magocsi, Paul Robert. A History of Ukraine. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1996. Matlock, Jack F. Autopsy on an Empire: The American Ambassadors Account of the Collapse of the Soviet Union. New York: Ran dom House, 1995. National Security Archive (website). George Washington Univer sity. https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/. National Security Strategy of the United States. Washington, DC: White House, August 1991. National Security Strategy of the United States. Washington, DC: White House, February 2015. Neubronner, Stephanie. “Building Resilience against Disinfor mation: Need for Wider Education.” Eurasia Review, 22 September 2018. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Bucharest Summit Declaration. 3 April 2008. Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute. “A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Ukraine.” US Department of State. Accessed 20 November 202L https://history.state.gov/countries/ukraine. Pace,
Julie, with Nedra Pickier. “Ukraine’s Pleas for Lethal Aid from U.S. Go Unmet.” Associated Press, 18 September 2014. https://apnews.com/3625313dlb54411ea0753387ccbd36b2 .
BIBLIOGRAPHY 291 Pifer, Steven. Averting Crisis in Ukraine. Washington, DC: Council on Foreign Relations, 2009. --------- . The Eagle and the Trident: U.S.-Ukraine Relations in Turbu lent limes. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2017. Plokhy, Serhii. lost Kingdom: The Quest for Empire and the Making of the Russian Nation. New York: Basic Books, 2017. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL). “U.S. Confirms De livery of Javelin Antitank Missiles to Ukraine." 30 April 2018. https://www.rferl.org/. --------- . “U.S. Confirms Negotiations with Georgia on Bilateral Charter.” 24 December 2008. https://www.rferl.org/. Rhodes, Ben. The World as It Is: A Memoir of the Obama WhiteHouse. New Your: Random House, 2018. Riasanovsky, Nicholas. A History of Russia. New York: Oxford Uni versity Press, 1963. Rice, Condoleezza. No Higher Honor. New York: Random House, 2011. Rogin, Josh, “Kerry Tells Lawmakers He’s for Arming Ukraine." Bloomberg View, 9 February 2015. Sharov, Yevhen. "U.S. Strategic Approaches to Ukraine." MA the sis, Naval Postgraduate School, 2000. Shultz, George P. Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State. New York: Macmillan, 1993. Snyder, Timothy D. Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin. New York: Basic Books, 2010. Stent, Angela E. The Limits of Partnership: U.S.-Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univer sity Press, 2014. Subtelny, Orest. Ukraine: A History. 3rd ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.
292 FISHEL.THE MOSCOW FACTOR Talbott, Strobe. The Russia Haná: A Memoir ofPresidential Diploma cy. New York: Random House, 2003. Taylor, Guy. "Top GOP Senators Blast Obama Admin’s Waffling on Arming Ukraine Military.” Washington Times, 17 February 2015. Ukraine, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, and United States. Memorandum on Security Assurances in Con nection with Ukraine's Accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. 5 December 1994. Ukraine Crisis Media Center. “20 Years since the Budapest Memorandum Was Signed.” Press release, 12 May 2014. https://uacrisis.org/en/144O3-ukrainian-2O-rokiv-z-momentu-ukladennya-budapesht. Ukrainian Weekly (newspaper). Ulyanov, Ilya. 2015. “Assessing the Obama-Medvedev Reset in U.S.-Russia Relations.” E-International Relations, 3 Sep tember 2015. https://www.e-ir.info. UNIAN. “Over Half of Ukrainians Consider Themselves Europe an—Poll.” 22 June 2020. https://www.unian.info/news/ archive/20200622. --------- . “Ukraine Survey Shows Popular Attitudes toward EU, NATO Membership." 11 November 2020. https://www. unian.info/news/archive/20201111. United Nations. “General Assembly Adopts Resolution Call ing upon States Not to Recognize Changes in Status of Crimea Region.” Press release, 27 March 2014. https:// www.un.org/press/en/2O14/gall493.doc.htm. US Congress (website), https://www.congress.gov . US Department of State (website), https://www.state.gov.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 293 US Embassy in Ukraine (website), https://ua.usembassy.gov/. US House Committee on International Relations. Hearing on Ukraine's Election: Next Steps. 108th Congress. 7 December 2004. --------- . Hearing on U.S.-Russia Relations in Putin’s Second Term. 108th Congress. 18 March 2004. US House Committee on International Relations, Subcommit tee on Europe. Hearing on Ukraine: Developments in the Aftermath of the Orange Revolution. 109th Congress. 27 July 2005. ---------. Hearing on Ukraine’s Future and U.S. Interests. 108th Con gress. 12 May 2004. --------- . Hearing on U.S. Priorities in Europe. 108th Congress. 13 March 2003. US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. Hearing on Democra cy in Retreat in Russia. 109th Congress. 17 February 2005. ---------. Hearing on Foreign Policy Overview, Budget Requests for Fiscal Year1994.103rd Congress. 20 April 1993. ---------. Hearing on Foreign Policy Update. 103rd Congress. 4 No vember 1993. ---------. Hearings on the Nomination of Dr. Condoleezza Rice. 109th Congress. 18 and 19 January 2005. ---------. Hearing on the Nomination of Warren Μ. Christopher to Be Secretary of State. 103rd Congress. 13 January 1993. ---------. Hearing on the Treaty between U.S. and the Russian Federa tion on Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offen sive Arms (the START II Treaty). 103rd Congress. 11 May 1993. US Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on European Affairs. Hearing on the Future of Democracy in the Black Sea Area. 109th Congress. 8 March 2005. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Declaration of State
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Index Afghanistan: Operation Enduring Freedom, 123,124; US engagement in, 213,217 Akayev, Askar, 57 Akhmatova, Anna, 97,249n92 Baltic Freedom Day, 35 Baltic states: anti-Moscow sentiment in, 16; international recognition of, 51, 237n80; Soviet absorption of, 42; US policy toward, 35,40,67,69 Allison, Graham, 106 Barrasso, John, 176 Almaty summit (1991), 63 Bartholomew, Reginald, 72,73 American Committee on US-Soviet Belovezh Accords, 61 Relations, 38 Armenia: American perception of Bialer, Seweryn, 19,27 Biden, Joe: on lethal assistance to history of, 224Ո12; referendum on Ukraine, 203; policy toward Russia independence of, 55 of, 158,264n5,285n4; Poroshenko Armitage, Richard, 128,129-30,131,132, 259Ո48 and, 179-80,184,188,196,198; on Putin's antidemocratic practices, Ashton, Catherine, 171 129; on violations of Minsk Åslund, Anders, 260n55 agreement, 192; visit to Kyiv of, 172; Atlantic Council, 3; “Toward a Europe Whole and Free” conference, 174 August Coup of 1991,49-50,66 Yatsenyuk and, 163,189,196 Blinken, Tony, 158 Boehner, John, 186 Boucher, Richard: August coup and, Babyn Yar,236n64 49; on Crimean question, 82; on Baker, James: on collapse of the Soviet denuclearization policy, 90; on Union, 39-40,62-3,64; on Gorbachev's reforms, 44; on new denuclearization policy, 74-5, Union Treaty, 42; on Putin, 138; on 80; diplomatic work of, 33,45,61; recognition of independent states, on lobby of Ukrainian diaspora, 51,53,55; on Russian interference in 24ОПІ13; on "normalization” of Ukrainian affairs, 132,138-9,140; on Soviet society, 39; on perestroika Russia’s move to
democracy 99; on policy, 34; The Politics of Diplomacy, US-Russian relations, 58,129,144; 75; Princeton speech of, 62-3; self- on US-Ukrainian relations, 56,130 determination of Ukraine and, 52, Boxer, Barbara, 175 53; support of Gorbachev of, 67,218; Brzezinski, Ian, 170-1,271n65 on US-Soviet relations, 37-8 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 37
296 FISHEL.THE MOSCOW FACTOR Budapest Memorandum, 12Լ159,163, of, 36-7,67-8,214; foreign policy 204; Moscow’s Violation of, 273ո88, priorities of, 32-3,34r-5,66,67,69, 285Ո189; terms of, 4 212; impact of the Moscow factor Bums, BÜ1,18,156-7,161-2 on, 65,66,95,116,207,210,214; Bums, Nick, 133 policy toward Ukraine of, U-12,35, Bush, George H. W.: on Baltic situation, 5L 52,60-L 66,68,8L116-17,118, 40-1; Belovezh Accords and, 61-2; 208-9,210,232n24; post-Soviet Chicken Kiev speech of, 4-5,39,48, states and, 264n91; Soviet policy of, 69,210,237n71; criticism of, 114, 217; on democratization of Russia, 34-5,37-40,4L 44-5,46-7,218 Bush, George W.: 2004 presidential 78-9; on the future of Europe, 2-3; campaign of, 132; criticism of, 129; Gorbachev and, 11,32,34,39,40-1, domestic policies of, 129,148,212; 43-4,50,60,63,64,67,68-9,218, foreign policy of, 124-5,148-9,213; 219,236n64; Kravchuk and, 46-7, Freedom Agenda of, 12,140,146, 60-L 81,88; Moscow summit and, 149,154,210,213,214,215; national 44-5,76; nuclear initiative of, 72; on security priorities of, 152; Orange Nunn-Lugar funding, 88; at peace Revolution and, 148,219; policy conference in Madrid, 56,57; on toward Ukraine of, 134r-5,137,139, “peace dividend’ tom the end of 147-8,208; Putin and, 122,147,15L Cold War, 65-6; re-election strategy 215-16,219,254nn2-3; Russian of, 84; on Russian nationalism, policy of, 123-4,149,263n88; second 47,49,55; on Russian-Ukrainian term of, 134; speeches of, 129,146; relations, 57-8; Shevardnadze and, War on tenor of, 212,214 33,34,39; speeches of, 2,31,58,65, 75-6,237n69; Ukrainian
diaspora Captive Nations Week, 15,18,35 and, 62,65,67; view of the USSR Carter, Ash, 194,203 of, 236Ո66; visit to Kyiv of, 45-8; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 43-4 Yeltsin and, 59,60,64,75,76,77,78, chemical weapons: extraction from Syria 83,84,243nl8 Bush (George H. W.) administration: August coup and, 49-53; of, 197; US-Soviet agreement on elimination of, 35 Cheney, Dick: attitude toward Gorbachev denuclearization policy of, 74,75, of, 34,51; on breakup of the 116,208,217-18; dissolution of USSR, 52-3,59,69; on the Orange the Soviet Union and, 55,63-5,7L Revolution, 148; on policy toward 241Ո132; domestic policy of, 31-2, Russia, 34,264n91; support of 4L 65,75-6,211; European affairs independent Ukraine of, 67,152,
297 INDEX 239nllO Chernobyl disaster (in Chomobyl, Ukraine), 29 Yeltsin of, 100,104-5 Clinton, Hillary, 155-6,265n5 Cohen, Ariel, 265ПІ1 Chollet, Derek, 170,179 Cold War: end of, 46,65 Chomovil, Viacheslav, 73 Collins, Jim, 106-7 Christopher, Wanen: on Clinton- Commonwealth of Independent States, Kravchuk summit in Kyiv, 113; on former Yugoslavia, 91; practice of conflating Russia with the Soviet 61,63,64 Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty, 36 Union of, 250Ո107; on relationship Corker, Bob, 175,176,197 with Russia, 89,94,98-9,100,105- Crimea: 1954 transfer to Ukraine of, 82; 6,108-9; on START II ratification, border dispute of, 126; Russian 100; support of Yeltsin of, 104; visit occupation of, 2,154,161-2,163,169, to Kyiv of, 108; visit to Russia of, 177,202,204,207,215,216,267Ո26; 106,107-8 Russia’s efforts to destabilize, 81-2; Clinton, Bill: on aid to post-Soviet states, 92; criticism of George H. W. Bush US sanctions against, 9-10,191 Cuban missile crisis, 26 of, 85-6,114,211; denuclearization policy of, 103-4,208; economic D'Anieri, Paul. J., 266Ո19,275nl02 policy of, 9Լ 92,211-12; foreign Davies, Joseph E., 22 policy of, 114-15,212; on G7 summit Debaltseve city: Russia’s assault on, 192, in Tokyo, 103; inauguration of, 89; 196,205 Kravchuk and, 112-13; memoirs of, DeConcini, Dennis, 49,55,56 88; NATO-Russia Founding Act and, denuclearization of Ukraine: Bush- 3; reference to Akhmatova by, 97, Yeltsin discussion of, 4,74,75,78; 249n92; Russia’s 1993 October Coup Clinton and Yeltsin’s commitment and, 106; Vancouver meeting and, to, 97; international security
and, 98; visit to Russia of 86,110; Yeltsin 248n86; Moscow’s position on, 72-3, and, 88,102,219,248n82 207-8; Nunn-Lugar funding and, Clinton administration: European affairs 87-8,116; origin of, 11-12; security of, 214; foreign policy priorities of, guarantees and, 88; statements 212-13; impact of Moscow factor on, of Ukrainian politicians on, 73; 92-3,94,95,96-7,110,114-15,210, trilateral deal, 107,111-14; US 212,218; policy toward Ukraine of, approach to, 71-2,85-9Է 98,117,118, 11-12,96,101-2,108,111-12,114-17, 118,119,121,208-9; support of 208-10,216-18,248n86 Deychakiwsky, Orest, 228nl5
298 FISHEL.THE MOSCOW FACTOR Dobriansky, Paula J., 143 Gaidar, Yegor, 89 Dole, Robert, 43 Garnett, Sherman W, 221 Duffy, Trent, 145 Garthoff, Raymond L, 236n64 Dunford, Joseph, 203 Geneva Joint Statement on Ukraine (17 Eagleburger, Lawrence, 89,90 Genocide Convention Implementation April 2014), 171-2,173,180,188 eastern Ukraine: Russian aggression in, 19L198,204,215,285nl Act of 1987 (Proxmire Act), 19 Georgia: American view of history of Eisenhower, Dwight D., 22 224Ո12; new Union Treaty and, Ereli, Adam, 130-1,133,136,141-2, 259n48 52; non-NATO ally(MNNA) Europe: fall of communist regimes of 39, status of, 174; Obama’s statement 41; post-Cold War development of on territorial integrity of, 155; 3; U S policy in, 39,4L 213-14; whole, referendum on independence of, free, and at peace, idea of, 66,67-8, 42-3; Russian policy toward, 126, 114-15,169,213,214,223n4 155,156 European Union: formation of, 57; German unification, 36,39,4L 66 sanctions against Russia by, Goble, Paul, 3 275Ո102; support of Ukraine by, 8 Goldberg, Jeffrey, 200 Export-Import Bank, 183 Goldgeier, James, 235n50,236n66,237n83 Gongadze, Heorhii: murder of, 12L127, Farkas, Evelyn, 175 150,214 Feinstein, Dianne, 182 González, Felipe, 56-7 Fitzwater, Marlin, 55 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 4-5; August Coup Franks, Tommy, 122 and, 49; CIA report on, 43; collapse FREEDOM (Freedom for Russia and of the Soviet Union and, 48,61-3, Emerging Eurasian Democracies 64; comparison with Lincoln and, and Open Markets) Support Act, 67, 236n64; domestic reforms of 23,25, 84,85 26-7,28,34,215,235n5O; European Fried, Daniel
147,159,257n32,257n35, 262n79,263Ո87,264n91 affairs of 39; foreign policy of, 66; international reputation of 62; legacy of, 62; at peace conference in G7 (Group of Seven): Tokyo summit of 1993,102-3 Gaddis, John: “The Evolution of U.S. Madrid, 56,57; relations with Bush Of, IL 32,34,36-7,39,40-L 43-4,50, 63,67,68-9,207,214; visit to the Policy toward the USSR in the United States of 45; vulnerability Postwar Era,” 19-23 to nationalism of 232n24; Yeltsin
299 INDEX and, 57 Jones, Beth, 257n32,262Ո79; discussion of Graham, Lindsey, 188,195 2004 election in Ukraine of, 136; on "Great Russian” nation, 6-7 Moscow’s pressure on Kyiv, 258n35; Greek Catholic Church, 30. See also on US priorities in Europe, 123,125; Uniate Church on US-Russian relationship, 123-4, 125-7,133-4,145,255ПІ5; on US- HageL Chuck, 194 Hamill, James, 228Ո15 Ukrainian relationship, 124 Juan Carlos I, King of Spain, 56 Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, 29 Hayden, Caitlin, 184 Kennan, George E, 232n27 Helms, Jesse, 42 Kerry, John: on assault on Debaltseve, Helsinki Final Act (Helsinki Accords), 15,163 192; “Building on 2015 as We Look Ahead’ op-ed by, 200; diplomacy Herbst, John, 257Ո32,262n79 toward Russia of, 196-7; ignorance Hollande, François, 19Լ194 of Ukrainian history of, 270n53; Holodomor (Great Famine of 1932-33), x, on lethal assistance to Ukraine, 16-17,227n7 Horbulin, Volodymyr, 225n22; The World Hybrid War, 8 163-4171,182,196,203; on MH17 shootdown, 182; on Minsk cease fire agreement, 187-8; mission to Hussein, Saddam, 41,66,122,212,213 Moscow of, 198; on Putin’s policy Hyland, William G.: “East-West in Ukraine, 168-9,173,189-90; on Relations,” 26 territorial integrity of Ukraine, 162; on travel bans on Ukrainians, 160 intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBMs): production facilities of, 72 Iranian nuclear program, 213; P5+1 talks and, 182,197,200,202,216 Iraq: Kremlin’s policy in, 149-50,216; sale of Kblchuga early-warning system to, 122,124,127; Ukrainian troops Kharkiv: Russian provocateurs in, 268n38 Khodorkovskii, Mikhail· 126,134,144
Kisliak, Sergel· 131 Kissinger, Henry, 22-3,25 Kold, Helmut, 36,96 Kblchuga early-warning system, 122,124, 127,152 in, 122,123,125,130,150,214; US Komorowski, Bronislaw, 177 engagement in, 212,217; war with Kozyrev, Andrei, 82,92,108 Kuwait and, 66,212 Kramer, David, 176,257n32,259n48, Israeli-Palestinian peace process, 66 264n9l· 284Ո183 Kravchuk, Leonid: August Coup and, 55, Johnson, Ron, 169,170,176 66; denuclearization policy of, 73,
зоо FISHEL.THE MOSCOW FACTOR 77,80; dissolution of the Soviet Union and, 61; foreign policy of, 8, 56; George H. W. Bush and, 46-7, 60-1,81; meeting with Clinton and, 112-13; political career of, 60,114; on security for Ukraine, 81-2; Trilateral Magocsi, Paul Robert, 6; A History of Ukraine, 29 Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square), 159,160 Maidan Revolution. See Revolution of Dignity Statement and, 253Ո157; visit to Major, John, 71 Washington of, 78,79; Yeltsin and, Malaysian Airlines Flight 17 (MH17) 100 Kuchma, Leonid: foreign policy of, 8; Kolchuga system transfer approval of, 122,124,150,152; manipulation shootdown, 12,181-2,183,275nl02 Mandelbaum, Michael: Gorbachev’s Russia and American Foreign Policy, 19 of electoral process by, 121; relations Marchenko, Valeru, 17 with Washington of, 12L122,128, Mariupol: Russia’s attack on, 192 150,214,254Ո1 Martin, Paul, 139 Kyivan Rus', 6-7,225Ո15 Matlock, Jack, 31-2,33,45-6,48,50, Lake, Tony, 99 McCain, John, 129,176,188,195 Lavrov, Sergei, 156,162,196,265n5 McClellan, Scott, 140,145 lethal assistance to Ukraine: McCormick, James Μ., 285n3 234n50 Congressional support for, 174, McCurry, Mike, 109, 111 183,188-9,197,202-3; Moscow McFaul, Michael, 156,235n50,236n66, factor and, 204r-5,207; Obama administration’s stance on, 163, 172,193-4,196,199,203-4,211,217, 237Ո83 Meals Ready to Eat (MREs) program, 166, 170 284Ո185; Poroshenko’s call for, 187, Meehan, Bernadette, 188 202; Ukrainian diaspora’s advocacy Menendez, Robert, 164,165,179,182,185, for, 218 Levin, Carl, 182 Liberal-Democratic Party of Russia, 110 186,197 Merkel,
Angela, 172,175,178,180,18Է185, 194 Lithuania: Soviet crackdown in, 40 Miloševič, Slobodan, 115,215 Luers, William H.: "U.S. Policy and Minsk agreements, 187,191,192,194r-5, Gorbachev’s Russia,” 25 Lugar, Richard, 24,86,87,88,116,135,151 199,205 Mitchell, George J., 54 Mitterrand, François, 49 Madrid peace conference, 56 Modi, Narendra, 192
301 INDEX Mogherini, Federica, 192 NATO-Ukraine Distinctive Partnership, 8 Moldova: new Union Treaty and, 52; non Nazarbayev, Nursultan, 73 NATO ally (MNNA) status of, 174; New START, 265Ո11 Russian policy in, 126; separatist Niles, Thomas, 61 movement in, 84 9Д1 tenorist attacks, 12,122,148,212,213 Morozov, Kbstiantyn, 79,80 Nixon, Richard Μ., 22-3,25 Moscow faeton Bush administration North Atlantic Council, 58,165 and, 65,66,95,116,129,207,210, North Korean nuclear program, 123 214; Clinton administration and, Nuclear Security Summit, 158-9 92-3,94,95,96-7,110,114-19, Nuland, Victoria, 159-60,169-70,175-6, 208-9,210,212; definition of, x; 179,193 denuclearization of Ukraine and, Nunn, Sam, 24,86,87,116 207; lethal military assistance to Nye, Joseph S.: “Gorbachev’s Russia and Ukraine and, 204-5,207; Orange U.S. Options,” 23 Revolution and, 207,208,210; Ukraine’s independence and, 68, Obama, Barack: on Bush’s foreign policy, 207; in Ukrainian 2004 presidential 200,212; criticism of, 284nl83; election, 148,153; in US policy diplomacy of, 198,204; domestic toward Ukraine and, 9,11,65-70, priorities of, 200-2; executive 209-10,215,216,218,220 orders of, 167,173,191; on Georgian Moscow summit (1991), 44-5 territorial integrity, 155; joint Mukacheve (Mukachevo): mayoral statement on Ukraine by, 171-2; election fraud in, 128 on Maidan Revolution, 266n21; Mulroney, Brian, 51 Merkel and, 172,175,178,180,18Լ Murphy, Christopher, 169 185; Poroshenko and, 176; Putin Myers, Dee Dee, 98,110 and, 161,171,178,18Լ183,200, 267n27; on Russia’s aggression National Defense Authorization Act,
199 National Intelligence Council memorandum, 71-2 NATO: criticism of, 170; enlargement of, 115,150,213,216; partnership with Russia and, 3,125,133,213; summit in Wales of, 186; support of Ukraine and, 8 NATO-Ukraine Commission, 8 against Ukraine, 175,178,185,186, 187; speeches of, 157,160; support for the Ukrainian people of, 160; on Ukraine Freedom Support Act, 190- 1; Yanukovych and, 159; Yatsenyuk and, 165-6 Obama administration: aid to Ukraine and, 180-1,211,278Ո130; European policy of, 201-2; financial aid to
302 FISHEL.THE MOSCOW FACTOR Ukraine by, 186-7,193; foreign policy military assistance to Ukraine, 177- priorities of, 196,198-9,200,201, 8; on Putin, 253Ո158; The Ukraine 213,214,266Ո19; position on lethal Crisis, 8; on Ukrainian 2004 assistance to Ukraine of, 167-8, presidential election, 128,258n41; 172,189,192-3,203-5,209,217-19, on US policy in Ukraine, 42,127,129 284Ո185; reference to Ukrainian Plokhy, Serhii: Lost Kingdom, 6 separatists by, 194,275n99,280Ո144; Poland: Iraq War and, 127; New START reset policy, 156,157-8,201,264n5; and, 265Ո11; Soviet partition of 42 sanctions against Russia and, 163- Pompeo, Mike: Crimea Declaration, 9-10 4,165,167,173-4,180,183,272n73, Popadiuk, Roman, 235n59 274Ո93,276Ո111, 280ПІ50 Poroshenko, Petro: address to US Obasanjo, Olusegun, 140 Congress of, 188; Biden and, 179-80, Operation Iraqi Freedom, 122-3 184; call for military support to Orange Revolution: Congressional debate Ukraine of, 185-6,187,202,279Ո132; on, 216-17; first anniversary of, 147; on negotiating permanent ceasefire, George W. Bush on, 148; influence 198; presidential election of, 177; of 255Ո16; Moscow factor in, 207, visit to Washington of, 185,186 208,210; outbreak of, 135,259n46; outcome of, 145,148,153; roots of, 121,154; US position on, 9,12,149, 151-2,219,259Ո48,262n79; US- Russia relationship and, 262n79 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Emope (OSCE), 112, 126,130,131,135,141,154,198 Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), 183 post-Soviet states: Russians ethnic minorities in, 92 Powell, Colin L„ 137,138,14L142,143-4, 145,151-2,262Ո79
Primakov, Evgenii, 37,38 Psaki, Jen, 195 Putin, Vladimir: antidemocratic practices of, 129,133; on the collapse of the USSR, 65; foreign policy of, 150, 210-11; George W. Bush and, 147,15Լ 215-16,219,254Ш12-3; interference Pasi, Solomon, 142 in Ukrainian affairs by, 137,138; lies People’s Movement of Ukraine (Narodnyi of, 274n91; neo-imperial policy of, 7, Rukh Ukrainy, NRU), 29 8; Obama and, 161,18Է183,267n27; Perry, William J, 248n86 presidential election and, 122; Pifer, Steven: on causes of Ukraine crisis, promotion of Yanukovych by, 13Լ 273n88; on collapse of the Soviet 139,142,256Ո27,260Ո55; reaction Union, 60,234n47; as drafter to 9/11 terrorist attack of, 122; of Trilateral Statement, 101; on reputation of, 129; visits to Ukraine
303 INDEX by, 142,257ոՅՕ; Western perception invasion of Georgia by, ix; NATO of, x-xi, 142 and, 3,125,133,213; neo-imperial tendencies of, ix, 7,106-7,217, Rada. See Verkhovna Rada (parliament) of Ukraine Reagan, Ronald: address to the UN 255Ո15; parliamentary elections of 1993,104,109,110; policy toward Ichkeria of, 149; post-Soviet General Assembly of, 18-19; captive transformation of, 3; quest for nations narrative of, 16,68; on “evil national identity of, 6-7; sanctions empire,” 15; policy toward Ukraine against, 163-4,165,167,173-4,180, of, 11,16,17-18,228Ո15; Soviet policy 183,272n73,275Ո102,276nlll, of, 16,67,217 “Report from Their Tour of Russian Republics,” 87 Revolution of Dignity, 12,159,160,215,218, 266n21 Rhodes, Ben, 185 Riasanovsky, Nicholas: A History of Russia, 225Ո15 Rice, Condoleezza, 3,127,145-6,255nl6, 256n27 280Ո150; security concerns of, ix; vs. Soviet Union, 5-6,22Լ 255nl5; territorial claims of, 126; transition to democracy of, 78-9,103; Western views of, x-xi, 225Ո15; Yeltsin’s constitution and, 109-10 Russo-Ukrainian War: beginning of, 2,4; in eastern Ukraine, 189-90, 278n99,280Ո144; Russian full-scale invasion during, ix; roots of, 154,215; Rice, Susan, 203,219 violence in, ix, x Riegle, Donald, 35,40 Rutskoi, Aleksandr, 81 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 2,22 Rubin, Eric, 165 Safire, William, 48,237n71 Rusk, Dean, 224Ո12 Sawkiw, Michael, Jr., 139 Russia (Russian Federation): 1993 October Schultz, Eric, 196,198 Coup and, 105; authoritarian trends Scowcroft, Brent: on breakup of the Soviet in, 126,129,263n88; destabilization Union, 53,64,67; on new union
of Ukraine by, 8-9,131-2,153,184, treaty, 52; on self-determination 257n32,257n34,268n38; economic of Ukraine, 232n24; support of development in, 130; financial Gorbachev by, 218; on Ukrainian aid to, 78; foreign policy of, 84,115, nationalism, 49,237n69; on US 126,155,197,215; in global war on foreign policy, 32; on Yeltsin, 83, terrorism, 131; historiography of, 5-9; human rights record of 134; international influence of, 216; 241Ո131 “Securing U.S. Interests while Supporting Russian Reform” address, 94
304 FISHEL.THE MOSCOW FACTOR Shevardnadze, Eduard, 33,34,39,41 from, 197; Obama policy in, 200,202 Shultz, George E, 16,17,227Ո1Օ Shushkevich, Stanislaü, 61 Simon, Pauk 35 Talbott, Strobe: attitude toward Russia of, 99,106,247n72; on Clinton- Slavdom, 255Ո16 Kravchuk summit in Kyiv, 112-13; Slipyi, losyf, 16 education of, 97; government career Smith, Howard W, 224Ո12 of 91; Kozyrev and, 108; memoir of, Snyder, Joseph, 89 103; on US policy toward Ukraine, Soviet Union: absorption of Baltic states 102,103,118; visit to Kyiv of, 101 by, 42; arms control initiatives of, Tarasiuk, Borys, 90 75,215; CIA reports on situation in, Tefft, John, 142,147,257Ո32,257Ո34, 43-4; crackdown in Lithuania by, 257Ո35 40; dissolution of, ix-x, 3,6,25,39- Thornburgh, Dick, 58 40,48,53,61-5,234n47,241ՈՈ131-2, Transnistria region (Moldova), 84 243Ո18; as “evil empire," 15; foreign Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of policy of, 33; issue of legitimacy of, 20-21; liberalization reforms of, 23,24-5,39,66; new Union Treaty and, 42,48,52; nuclear arsenal Nuclear Weapons (TNP), 100 Trilateral Statement. See US-RussiaUkraine Trilateral Statement (January 1994) of, 71,215; prospect of survival of, Trump, Donald, x, 9 35-6; religious life in, 18,29-30; vs. Tutwiler, Margaret, 53,62,80 Russia, 5-6,221,255nl5; territorial Tymoshenko, Yuliya, 158 expansion of, 22,42; Western influence of, 27-8. See also Russia Ukraine: American views of, 224Ո12, Stalin, Josef, 2 235n59,270n53; anti-Moscow START I (strategic arms reduction talks), sentiment in, 16; aspirations to 37,84,88,95,97,100 independence of, 214; civil
society START II, 89 in, 154; Constitutional provision Stent, Angela E., 259n46,263n91,265n9 on border change of, 268n36; Stephanopoulos, George, 92,94 declaration of fall independence “Strategic Alliance with Russian Reform, by, 51; election manipulations in, A," 93 12Է128; foreign policy of, 7-8,102; Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 24 history of, 255Ո16; integration with Subtelny Orest, 28-9,240Ո114; Ukraine: A the West of 128-9; international History, 28 Syria: extraction of chemical weapons recognition of independence of, 634,65,68,228Ո15; in Kennan’s diary.
305 INDEX 233ո27; nuclear arsenal ot 7l· 79-80, 108, 112; political development ot 153; referendum on independence of, 54,74,239Ո110; in Russian Ukrainian Congress Committee of America (UCCA), 62,101, lit 139֊ 40,145,163,164 Ukrainian diaspora: 2004 Ukrainian historiography, 6-7; Russia’s presidential election and, 151,218; destabilization ot 8-9,131-2,153, Bush administration and, 48-9, 168-9,184,257n32,257n34,268n38; 60,65,240Ո113; expansion of, 28; security concerns ot 8Է 90,91, frictions within, 28; Gorbachev’s 117-18,221; Soviet defense industry reforms and, 29; influence of based in, 71-2; US consulate in, 17, US policy, 29-30,117,152,217; 42; in War on tenor, 122,123,124, mobilization of, 190; Obama 130,214 administration and, 203; position Ukraine Freedom Support Act, 186,190, 197,203,217 “Ukraine’s Choice; Europe or Russia?” conference, 143 Ukraine Security Assistance Act, 183,184 on denudearization of, 73-4; promotion of Ukrainian studies by 28-9; support of Ukraine’s independence by, 37,54,63,65,67, 116 Ukraine Support Act, 168 Ukrainian Helsinki Monitoring Group, 15 Ukrainian 2004 presidential election: Ukrainian National Republic, 18 administrative resources and, 132-3; Ukrainian SSR: dedaration of sovereignty annulment of 21 November vote by, 8,36,47,5Է 208,255Ո16; and, 141; "Bushchenko" nanative referendum on independence of, in, 256n26; fraud and inegularities in, 137,143,148,150,152,258n41; 59,60 Ukrainian Weekly: on Clinton policy Maidan protests against 152; media toward Ukraine, 93,98,110, 111; on coverage ot 132,143,151; repression collapse of the USSR,
63; criticism against opposition candidate of Bush administration by, 54,56, and, 130-1; results of, 143,258n41; 58; on denudearization policy, 73, Russian interference in, 135-42,148, 90-1; “Educating George” editorial· 152-3,209,256Ո27,257n30,257Ո34, 48; on financial compensation 260nn55-6; second-round contest to Ukraine, 86; on military aid to ot 14Է145; US approach to, 127-8, Ukraine, 184; pressure on Obama 136,137,152,209 administration by, 178,187,203; Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox church, 29 Ukrainian Catholic Church, 17 reaction to the Trilateral Statement by, 113-14; Reality Check column, 108, 111; on Russian aggression
306 FISHEL. THE MOSCOW FACTOR against Ukraine, 166,186; on and, 123; reality and wishful Talbotťs visit to Kyiv, 101; on thinking in, 109-10; reset policy Ukraine’s independence, 37,54,63; and, 156-8,264Ո5,265n9,265nll; on Ukrainian 2004 presidential strategic partnership in, 126,127, elections, 132,137-8,14Լ143,151; on 129-30,216-17; talks on nuclear US-Soviet relationships, 48-9,54; arms reduction and, 77 on Western policy toward Ukraine, 172 Ulyanov, Ilya, 157 Uniate Church, 18 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). See Soviet Union United States: reduction of nuclear arsenal by 75; domestic problems of, 31; European affairs of 123; financial aid to Russia by, 78; foreign policy of, 6,18,219-20,221; National Security Strategy of, 46,191; Soviet consulates in, 17 US Commission on the Ukraine Famine, 227n7 US Congress: Orange Revolution and, US-Russia-Ukraine Trilateral Statement (January 1994), 10Լ113,12Է 253Ո157 US Senate: debates on aid to Ukraine, 169-70,197 US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations: testimonies before, 168-9,175-8,179; vote on Ukraine Freedom Support Act 186 US Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on European Affairs, 147,169-71 US-Soviet relations: August coup and, 49,51-2; in Cold War period, 26; collapse of the Soviet Union and, 53; constructive approach and, 26; containment approach and, 6,21-2, 216-17; reaction to shooting down 24; cooperation in, 22-3; détente of MH17by, 182-3; resolution on policy and, 25,26; evolution of, Baltic states of, 35,40 Ushakov, Iurii, 136 US House of Representatives: International Relations Committee and,
125,142; International Relations Subcommittee on Europe 19-22; inducements approach and, 25; perestroika and, 23-4,26-7,28, 33,35,37-8; in scholarship, 19-30 US-Soviet working group on the future security agenda, 58 US-Ukrainian relations: democratic and, 123,125,127,147; Ukraine factor in, 128-9,217; evolution of, 9, Security Assistance Act and, 183; 35,90,121-2,150,214-15; in external Ukraine Support Act and, 168 and domestic considerations, 10; US-Russian relations: global war on Iraq War and, 122,150; Meals Ready terrorism and, 125; key issues in, to Eat (MREs) and, 166,170; Moscow 123; North Korea's nuclear program factor in, 108,216,220; regional
307 INDEX stability and, 56; security issue 50; challenge to Gorbachev by, and, 172-3; Ukraine’s declaration 235Ո50; Clinton and, 94,95,248n82; of independence and, 51,52,53. See democratic reforms and, 88-9; also lethal assistance to Ukraine denuclearization policy of, 74,77, 86-7,100; dissolution of the Soviet Verkhovna Rada (parliament) of Ukraine: Union and, 61,241Ո13Լ 243nl8; approval of foreign policy doctrine foreign affairs of, 234-5n50; at and, 102; by-elections for, 128; G7 Tokyo summit, 103; George H. ratification of START by, 95,97,109; W. Bush and, 5Է 6Լ 64,76,77,83, sovereignty declaration of 51,68 207,214; Kravchuk and, 100; new Vershbow, Alexander, 134 constitution and, 109-10; popular War on terror, 122,123,124,149 resignation of 122; rise to power Warsaw Pact, 25 of, 44; on territorial integrity of Wilson, Woodrow 20,228Ո15 Ukraine, x, 87; US endorsement Wisner, Frank, 90 of, 82-3,115,254nl; on US-Russian Wittkopf, Eugene R., 285n3 relations, 86; Vancouver meeting of Wofford, Harris, 58 98; visit to Washington of, 82-4 support of, 98-9; reputation of, 76; Yugoslav Wars, 212,215 Yakovlev, Alexander, 73 Yukos, 144,145 Yanayev, Gennady, 48,49 Yushchenko, Viktor: inauguration of 145, Yanukovych, Viktor: 2004 presidential 146; poisoning of, 130; presidential election and, 130,132,256n26, election of 135,148,151,154,214-15, 258n41; 2010 presidential election 256n26,258n41; speech at the and, 158; Association Agreement US Congress of, 217; Ukrainian with the European Union and, diaspora and, 151; Yanukovych and, 159; criticism of, 158; escape to 12 Russia by,
161,202; Obama and, 159; Putin’s endorsement of 139, Zhirinovskii, Vladimir, 110, 111 256n27,257n30,260n55; Revolution Zlenko, Anatolil, 95 of Dignity and, 160; runoff election and, 154; Russian support for, 13Լ 135-6,137-8,142; Yushchenko and, 12 Yatsenyuk, Arseny, 163,165,170,189 Yeltsin, Boris: August 1991 coup and. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Mönchen |
| adam_txt |
Contents Acknowledgments VII Preface IX Editorial Note XIII Introduction: US Policy Context and theMoscow Factor / Chapter I. Late Soviet-Era Perceptions and Dynamics 15 Chapter 2. US Policy toward the Emergence of Independent Ukraine 31 Chapter 3. US Efforts to Secure Ukraine’s Denuclearization 7/ Chapter 4. US Posture vis-à-vis the Orange Revolution in Ukraine 121 Chapter 5. US Nondecision on Providing Lethal Assistance to Ukraine 155 Chapter 6. Cross-Case Findings and Conclusions 207 Notes 223 Bibliography 287 Index 295
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Index Afghanistan: Operation Enduring Freedom, 123,124; US engagement in, 213,217 Akayev, Askar, 57 Akhmatova, Anna, 97,249n92 Baltic Freedom Day, 35 Baltic states: anti-Moscow sentiment in, 16; international recognition of, 51, 237n80; Soviet absorption of, 42; US policy toward, 35,40,67,69 Allison, Graham, 106 Barrasso, John, 176 Almaty summit (1991), 63 Bartholomew, Reginald, 72,73 American Committee on US-Soviet Belovezh Accords, 61 Relations, 38 Armenia: American perception of Bialer, Seweryn, 19,27 Biden, Joe: on lethal assistance to history of, 224Ո12; referendum on Ukraine, 203; policy toward Russia independence of, 55 of, 158,264n5,285n4; Poroshenko Armitage, Richard, 128,129-30,131,132, 259Ո48 and, 179-80,184,188,196,198; on Putin's antidemocratic practices, Ashton, Catherine, 171 129; on violations of Minsk Åslund, Anders, 260n55 agreement, 192; visit to Kyiv of, 172; Atlantic Council, 3; “Toward a Europe Whole and Free” conference, 174 August Coup of 1991,49-50,66 Yatsenyuk and, 163,189,196 Blinken, Tony, 158 Boehner, John, 186 Boucher, Richard: August coup and, Babyn Yar,236n64 49; on Crimean question, 82; on Baker, James: on collapse of the Soviet denuclearization policy, 90; on Union, 39-40,62-3,64; on Gorbachev's reforms, 44; on new denuclearization policy, 74-5, Union Treaty, 42; on Putin, 138; on 80; diplomatic work of, 33,45,61; recognition of independent states, on lobby of Ukrainian diaspora, 51,53,55; on Russian interference in 24ОПІ13; on "normalization” of Ukrainian affairs, 132,138-9,140; on Soviet society, 39; on perestroika Russia’s move to
democracy 99; on policy, 34; The Politics of Diplomacy, US-Russian relations, 58,129,144; 75; Princeton speech of, 62-3; self- on US-Ukrainian relations, 56,130 determination of Ukraine and, 52, Boxer, Barbara, 175 53; support of Gorbachev of, 67,218; Brzezinski, Ian, 170-1,271n65 on US-Soviet relations, 37-8 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 37
296 FISHEL.THE MOSCOW FACTOR Budapest Memorandum, 12Լ159,163, of, 36-7,67-8,214; foreign policy 204; Moscow’s Violation of, 273ո88, priorities of, 32-3,34r-5,66,67,69, 285Ո189; terms of, 4 212; impact of the Moscow factor Bums, BÜ1,18,156-7,161-2 on, 65,66,95,116,207,210,214; Bums, Nick, 133 policy toward Ukraine of, U-12,35, Bush, George H. W.: on Baltic situation, 5L 52,60-L 66,68,8L116-17,118, 40-1; Belovezh Accords and, 61-2; 208-9,210,232n24; post-Soviet Chicken Kiev speech of, 4-5,39,48, states and, 264n91; Soviet policy of, 69,210,237n71; criticism of, 114, 217; on democratization of Russia, 34-5,37-40,4L 44-5,46-7,218 Bush, George W.: 2004 presidential 78-9; on the future of Europe, 2-3; campaign of, 132; criticism of, 129; Gorbachev and, 11,32,34,39,40-1, domestic policies of, 129,148,212; 43-4,50,60,63,64,67,68-9,218, foreign policy of, 124-5,148-9,213; 219,236n64; Kravchuk and, 46-7, Freedom Agenda of, 12,140,146, 60-L 81,88; Moscow summit and, 149,154,210,213,214,215; national 44-5,76; nuclear initiative of, 72; on security priorities of, 152; Orange Nunn-Lugar funding, 88; at peace Revolution and, 148,219; policy conference in Madrid, 56,57; on toward Ukraine of, 134r-5,137,139, “peace dividend’ tom the end of 147-8,208; Putin and, 122,147,15L Cold War, 65-6; re-election strategy 215-16,219,254nn2-3; Russian of, 84; on Russian nationalism, policy of, 123-4,149,263n88; second 47,49,55; on Russian-Ukrainian term of, 134; speeches of, 129,146; relations, 57-8; Shevardnadze and, War on tenor of, 212,214 33,34,39; speeches of, 2,31,58,65, 75-6,237n69; Ukrainian
diaspora Captive Nations Week, 15,18,35 and, 62,65,67; view of the USSR Carter, Ash, 194,203 of, 236Ո66; visit to Kyiv of, 45-8; Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 43-4 Yeltsin and, 59,60,64,75,76,77,78, chemical weapons: extraction from Syria 83,84,243nl8 Bush (George H. W.) administration: August coup and, 49-53; of, 197; US-Soviet agreement on elimination of, 35 Cheney, Dick: attitude toward Gorbachev denuclearization policy of, 74,75, of, 34,51; on breakup of the 116,208,217-18; dissolution of USSR, 52-3,59,69; on the Orange the Soviet Union and, 55,63-5,7L Revolution, 148; on policy toward 241Ո132; domestic policy of, 31-2, Russia, 34,264n91; support of 4L 65,75-6,211; European affairs independent Ukraine of, 67,152,
297 INDEX 239nllO Chernobyl disaster (in Chomobyl, Ukraine), 29 Yeltsin of, 100,104-5 Clinton, Hillary, 155-6,265n5 Cohen, Ariel, 265ПІ1 Chollet, Derek, 170,179 Cold War: end of, 46,65 Chomovil, Viacheslav, 73 Collins, Jim, 106-7 Christopher, Wanen: on Clinton- Commonwealth of Independent States, Kravchuk summit in Kyiv, 113; on former Yugoslavia, 91; practice of conflating Russia with the Soviet 61,63,64 Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty, 36 Union of, 250Ո107; on relationship Corker, Bob, 175,176,197 with Russia, 89,94,98-9,100,105- Crimea: 1954 transfer to Ukraine of, 82; 6,108-9; on START II ratification, border dispute of, 126; Russian 100; support of Yeltsin of, 104; visit occupation of, 2,154,161-2,163,169, to Kyiv of, 108; visit to Russia of, 177,202,204,207,215,216,267Ո26; 106,107-8 Russia’s efforts to destabilize, 81-2; Clinton, Bill: on aid to post-Soviet states, 92; criticism of George H. W. Bush US sanctions against, 9-10,191 Cuban missile crisis, 26 of, 85-6,114,211; denuclearization policy of, 103-4,208; economic D'Anieri, Paul. J., 266Ո19,275nl02 policy of, 9Լ 92,211-12; foreign Davies, Joseph E., 22 policy of, 114-15,212; on G7 summit Debaltseve city: Russia’s assault on, 192, in Tokyo, 103; inauguration of, 89; 196,205 Kravchuk and, 112-13; memoirs of, DeConcini, Dennis, 49,55,56 88; NATO-Russia Founding Act and, denuclearization of Ukraine: Bush- 3; reference to Akhmatova by, 97, Yeltsin discussion of, 4,74,75,78; 249n92; Russia’s 1993 October Coup Clinton and Yeltsin’s commitment and, 106; Vancouver meeting and, to, 97; international security
and, 98; visit to Russia of 86,110; Yeltsin 248n86; Moscow’s position on, 72-3, and, 88,102,219,248n82 207-8; Nunn-Lugar funding and, Clinton administration: European affairs 87-8,116; origin of, 11-12; security of, 214; foreign policy priorities of, guarantees and, 88; statements 212-13; impact of Moscow factor on, of Ukrainian politicians on, 73; 92-3,94,95,96-7,110,114-15,210, trilateral deal, 107,111-14; US 212,218; policy toward Ukraine of, approach to, 71-2,85-9Է 98,117,118, 11-12,96,101-2,108,111-12,114-17, 118,119,121,208-9; support of 208-10,216-18,248n86 Deychakiwsky, Orest, 228nl5
298 FISHEL.THE MOSCOW FACTOR Dobriansky, Paula J., 143 Gaidar, Yegor, 89 Dole, Robert, 43 Garnett, Sherman W, 221 Duffy, Trent, 145 Garthoff, Raymond L, 236n64 Dunford, Joseph, 203 Geneva Joint Statement on Ukraine (17 Eagleburger, Lawrence, 89,90 Genocide Convention Implementation April 2014), 171-2,173,180,188 eastern Ukraine: Russian aggression in, 19L198,204,215,285nl Act of 1987 (Proxmire Act), 19 Georgia: American view of history of Eisenhower, Dwight D., 22 224Ո12; new Union Treaty and, Ereli, Adam, 130-1,133,136,141-2, 259n48 52; non-NATO ally(MNNA) Europe: fall of communist regimes of 39, status of, 174; Obama’s statement 41; post-Cold War development of on territorial integrity of, 155; 3; U S policy in, 39,4L 213-14; whole, referendum on independence of, free, and at peace, idea of, 66,67-8, 42-3; Russian policy toward, 126, 114-15,169,213,214,223n4 155,156 European Union: formation of, 57; German unification, 36,39,4L 66 sanctions against Russia by, Goble, Paul, 3 275Ո102; support of Ukraine by, 8 Goldberg, Jeffrey, 200 Export-Import Bank, 183 Goldgeier, James, 235n50,236n66,237n83 Gongadze, Heorhii: murder of, 12L127, Farkas, Evelyn, 175 150,214 Feinstein, Dianne, 182 González, Felipe, 56-7 Fitzwater, Marlin, 55 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 4-5; August Coup Franks, Tommy, 122 and, 49; CIA report on, 43; collapse FREEDOM (Freedom for Russia and of the Soviet Union and, 48,61-3, Emerging Eurasian Democracies 64; comparison with Lincoln and, and Open Markets) Support Act, 67, 236n64; domestic reforms of 23,25, 84,85 26-7,28,34,215,235n5O; European Fried, Daniel
147,159,257n32,257n35, 262n79,263Ո87,264n91 affairs of 39; foreign policy of, 66; international reputation of 62; legacy of, 62; at peace conference in G7 (Group of Seven): Tokyo summit of 1993,102-3 Gaddis, John: “The Evolution of U.S. Madrid, 56,57; relations with Bush Of, IL 32,34,36-7,39,40-L 43-4,50, 63,67,68-9,207,214; visit to the Policy toward the USSR in the United States of 45; vulnerability Postwar Era,” 19-23 to nationalism of 232n24; Yeltsin
299 INDEX and, 57 Jones, Beth, 257n32,262Ո79; discussion of Graham, Lindsey, 188,195 2004 election in Ukraine of, 136; on "Great Russian” nation, 6-7 Moscow’s pressure on Kyiv, 258n35; Greek Catholic Church, 30. See also on US priorities in Europe, 123,125; Uniate Church on US-Russian relationship, 123-4, 125-7,133-4,145,255ПІ5; on US- HageL Chuck, 194 Hamill, James, 228Ո15 Ukrainian relationship, 124 Juan Carlos I, King of Spain, 56 Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, 29 Hayden, Caitlin, 184 Kennan, George E, 232n27 Helms, Jesse, 42 Kerry, John: on assault on Debaltseve, Helsinki Final Act (Helsinki Accords), 15,163 192; “Building on 2015 as We Look Ahead’ op-ed by, 200; diplomacy Herbst, John, 257Ո32,262n79 toward Russia of, 196-7; ignorance Hollande, François, 19Լ194 of Ukrainian history of, 270n53; Holodomor (Great Famine of 1932-33), x, on lethal assistance to Ukraine, 16-17,227n7 Horbulin, Volodymyr, 225n22; The World Hybrid War, 8 163-4171,182,196,203; on MH17 shootdown, 182; on Minsk cease fire agreement, 187-8; mission to Hussein, Saddam, 41,66,122,212,213 Moscow of, 198; on Putin’s policy Hyland, William G.: “East-West in Ukraine, 168-9,173,189-90; on Relations,” 26 territorial integrity of Ukraine, 162; on travel bans on Ukrainians, 160 intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBMs): production facilities of, 72 Iranian nuclear program, 213; P5+1 talks and, 182,197,200,202,216 Iraq: Kremlin’s policy in, 149-50,216; sale of Kblchuga early-warning system to, 122,124,127; Ukrainian troops Kharkiv: Russian provocateurs in, 268n38 Khodorkovskii, Mikhail· 126,134,144
Kisliak, Sergel· 131 Kissinger, Henry, 22-3,25 Kold, Helmut, 36,96 Kblchuga early-warning system, 122,124, 127,152 in, 122,123,125,130,150,214; US Komorowski, Bronislaw, 177 engagement in, 212,217; war with Kozyrev, Andrei, 82,92,108 Kuwait and, 66,212 Kramer, David, 176,257n32,259n48, Israeli-Palestinian peace process, 66 264n9l· 284Ո183 Kravchuk, Leonid: August Coup and, 55, Johnson, Ron, 169,170,176 66; denuclearization policy of, 73,
зоо FISHEL.THE MOSCOW FACTOR 77,80; dissolution of the Soviet Union and, 61; foreign policy of, 8, 56; George H. W. Bush and, 46-7, 60-1,81; meeting with Clinton and, 112-13; political career of, 60,114; on security for Ukraine, 81-2; Trilateral Magocsi, Paul Robert, 6; A History of Ukraine, 29 Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square), 159,160 Maidan Revolution. See Revolution of Dignity Statement and, 253Ո157; visit to Major, John, 71 Washington of, 78,79; Yeltsin and, Malaysian Airlines Flight 17 (MH17) 100 Kuchma, Leonid: foreign policy of, 8; Kolchuga system transfer approval of, 122,124,150,152; manipulation shootdown, 12,181-2,183,275nl02 Mandelbaum, Michael: Gorbachev’s Russia and American Foreign Policy, 19 of electoral process by, 121; relations Marchenko, Valeru, 17 with Washington of, 12L122,128, Mariupol: Russia’s attack on, 192 150,214,254Ո1 Martin, Paul, 139 Kyivan Rus', 6-7,225Ո15 Matlock, Jack, 31-2,33,45-6,48,50, Lake, Tony, 99 McCain, John, 129,176,188,195 Lavrov, Sergei, 156,162,196,265n5 McClellan, Scott, 140,145 lethal assistance to Ukraine: McCormick, James Μ., 285n3 234n50 Congressional support for, 174, McCurry, Mike, 109, 111 183,188-9,197,202-3; Moscow McFaul, Michael, 156,235n50,236n66, factor and, 204r-5,207; Obama administration’s stance on, 163, 172,193-4,196,199,203-4,211,217, 237Ո83 Meals Ready to Eat (MREs) program, 166, 170 284Ո185; Poroshenko’s call for, 187, Meehan, Bernadette, 188 202; Ukrainian diaspora’s advocacy Menendez, Robert, 164,165,179,182,185, for, 218 Levin, Carl, 182 Liberal-Democratic Party of Russia, 110 186,197 Merkel,
Angela, 172,175,178,180,18Է185, 194 Lithuania: Soviet crackdown in, 40 Miloševič, Slobodan, 115,215 Luers, William H.: "U.S. Policy and Minsk agreements, 187,191,192,194r-5, Gorbachev’s Russia,” 25 Lugar, Richard, 24,86,87,88,116,135,151 199,205 Mitchell, George J., 54 Mitterrand, François, 49 Madrid peace conference, 56 Modi, Narendra, 192
301 INDEX Mogherini, Federica, 192 NATO-Ukraine Distinctive Partnership, 8 Moldova: new Union Treaty and, 52; non Nazarbayev, Nursultan, 73 NATO ally (MNNA) status of, 174; New START, 265Ո11 Russian policy in, 126; separatist Niles, Thomas, 61 movement in, 84 9Д1 tenorist attacks, 12,122,148,212,213 Morozov, Kbstiantyn, 79,80 Nixon, Richard Μ., 22-3,25 Moscow faeton Bush administration North Atlantic Council, 58,165 and, 65,66,95,116,129,207,210, North Korean nuclear program, 123 214; Clinton administration and, Nuclear Security Summit, 158-9 92-3,94,95,96-7,110,114-19, Nuland, Victoria, 159-60,169-70,175-6, 208-9,210,212; definition of, x; 179,193 denuclearization of Ukraine and, Nunn, Sam, 24,86,87,116 207; lethal military assistance to Nye, Joseph S.: “Gorbachev’s Russia and Ukraine and, 204-5,207; Orange U.S. Options,” 23 Revolution and, 207,208,210; Ukraine’s independence and, 68, Obama, Barack: on Bush’s foreign policy, 207; in Ukrainian 2004 presidential 200,212; criticism of, 284nl83; election, 148,153; in US policy diplomacy of, 198,204; domestic toward Ukraine and, 9,11,65-70, priorities of, 200-2; executive 209-10,215,216,218,220 orders of, 167,173,191; on Georgian Moscow summit (1991), 44-5 territorial integrity, 155; joint Mukacheve (Mukachevo): mayoral statement on Ukraine by, 171-2; election fraud in, 128 on Maidan Revolution, 266n21; Mulroney, Brian, 51 Merkel and, 172,175,178,180,18Լ Murphy, Christopher, 169 185; Poroshenko and, 176; Putin Myers, Dee Dee, 98,110 and, 161,171,178,18Լ183,200, 267n27; on Russia’s aggression National Defense Authorization Act,
199 National Intelligence Council memorandum, 71-2 NATO: criticism of, 170; enlargement of, 115,150,213,216; partnership with Russia and, 3,125,133,213; summit in Wales of, 186; support of Ukraine and, 8 NATO-Ukraine Commission, 8 against Ukraine, 175,178,185,186, 187; speeches of, 157,160; support for the Ukrainian people of, 160; on Ukraine Freedom Support Act, 190- 1; Yanukovych and, 159; Yatsenyuk and, 165-6 Obama administration: aid to Ukraine and, 180-1,211,278Ո130; European policy of, 201-2; financial aid to
302 FISHEL.THE MOSCOW FACTOR Ukraine by, 186-7,193; foreign policy military assistance to Ukraine, 177- priorities of, 196,198-9,200,201, 8; on Putin, 253Ո158; The Ukraine 213,214,266Ո19; position on lethal Crisis, 8; on Ukrainian 2004 assistance to Ukraine of, 167-8, presidential election, 128,258n41; 172,189,192-3,203-5,209,217-19, on US policy in Ukraine, 42,127,129 284Ո185; reference to Ukrainian Plokhy, Serhii: Lost Kingdom, 6 separatists by, 194,275n99,280Ո144; Poland: Iraq War and, 127; New START reset policy, 156,157-8,201,264n5; and, 265Ո11; Soviet partition of 42 sanctions against Russia and, 163- Pompeo, Mike: Crimea Declaration, 9-10 4,165,167,173-4,180,183,272n73, Popadiuk, Roman, 235n59 274Ո93,276Ո111, 280ПІ50 Poroshenko, Petro: address to US Obasanjo, Olusegun, 140 Congress of, 188; Biden and, 179-80, Operation Iraqi Freedom, 122-3 184; call for military support to Orange Revolution: Congressional debate Ukraine of, 185-6,187,202,279Ո132; on, 216-17; first anniversary of, 147; on negotiating permanent ceasefire, George W. Bush on, 148; influence 198; presidential election of, 177; of 255Ո16; Moscow factor in, 207, visit to Washington of, 185,186 208,210; outbreak of, 135,259n46; outcome of, 145,148,153; roots of, 121,154; US position on, 9,12,149, 151-2,219,259Ո48,262n79; US- Russia relationship and, 262n79 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Emope (OSCE), 112, 126,130,131,135,141,154,198 Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), 183 post-Soviet states: Russians ethnic minorities in, 92 Powell, Colin L„ 137,138,14L142,143-4, 145,151-2,262Ո79
Primakov, Evgenii, 37,38 Psaki, Jen, 195 Putin, Vladimir: antidemocratic practices of, 129,133; on the collapse of the USSR, 65; foreign policy of, 150, 210-11; George W. Bush and, 147,15Լ 215-16,219,254Ш12-3; interference Pasi, Solomon, 142 in Ukrainian affairs by, 137,138; lies People’s Movement of Ukraine (Narodnyi of, 274n91; neo-imperial policy of, 7, Rukh Ukrainy, NRU), 29 8; Obama and, 161,18Է183,267n27; Perry, William J, 248n86 presidential election and, 122; Pifer, Steven: on causes of Ukraine crisis, promotion of Yanukovych by, 13Լ 273n88; on collapse of the Soviet 139,142,256Ո27,260Ո55; reaction Union, 60,234n47; as drafter to 9/11 terrorist attack of, 122; of Trilateral Statement, 101; on reputation of, 129; visits to Ukraine
303 INDEX by, 142,257ոՅՕ; Western perception invasion of Georgia by, ix; NATO of, x-xi, 142 and, 3,125,133,213; neo-imperial tendencies of, ix, 7,106-7,217, Rada. See Verkhovna Rada (parliament) of Ukraine Reagan, Ronald: address to the UN 255Ո15; parliamentary elections of 1993,104,109,110; policy toward Ichkeria of, 149; post-Soviet General Assembly of, 18-19; captive transformation of, 3; quest for nations narrative of, 16,68; on “evil national identity of, 6-7; sanctions empire,” 15; policy toward Ukraine against, 163-4,165,167,173-4,180, of, 11,16,17-18,228Ո15; Soviet policy 183,272n73,275Ո102,276nlll, of, 16,67,217 “Report from Their Tour of Russian Republics,” 87 Revolution of Dignity, 12,159,160,215,218, 266n21 Rhodes, Ben, 185 Riasanovsky, Nicholas: A History of Russia, 225Ո15 Rice, Condoleezza, 3,127,145-6,255nl6, 256n27 280Ո150; security concerns of, ix; vs. Soviet Union, 5-6,22Լ 255nl5; territorial claims of, 126; transition to democracy of, 78-9,103; Western views of, x-xi, 225Ո15; Yeltsin’s constitution and, 109-10 Russo-Ukrainian War: beginning of, 2,4; in eastern Ukraine, 189-90, 278n99,280Ո144; Russian full-scale invasion during, ix; roots of, 154,215; Rice, Susan, 203,219 violence in, ix, x Riegle, Donald, 35,40 Rutskoi, Aleksandr, 81 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 2,22 Rubin, Eric, 165 Safire, William, 48,237n71 Rusk, Dean, 224Ո12 Sawkiw, Michael, Jr., 139 Russia (Russian Federation): 1993 October Schultz, Eric, 196,198 Coup and, 105; authoritarian trends Scowcroft, Brent: on breakup of the Soviet in, 126,129,263n88; destabilization Union, 53,64,67; on new union
of Ukraine by, 8-9,131-2,153,184, treaty, 52; on self-determination 257n32,257n34,268n38; economic of Ukraine, 232n24; support of development in, 130; financial Gorbachev by, 218; on Ukrainian aid to, 78; foreign policy of, 84,115, nationalism, 49,237n69; on US 126,155,197,215; in global war on foreign policy, 32; on Yeltsin, 83, terrorism, 131; historiography of, 5-9; human rights record of 134; international influence of, 216; 241Ո131 “Securing U.S. Interests while Supporting Russian Reform” address, 94
304 FISHEL.THE MOSCOW FACTOR Shevardnadze, Eduard, 33,34,39,41 from, 197; Obama policy in, 200,202 Shultz, George E, 16,17,227Ո1Օ Shushkevich, Stanislaü, 61 Simon, Pauk 35 Talbott, Strobe: attitude toward Russia of, 99,106,247n72; on Clinton- Slavdom, 255Ո16 Kravchuk summit in Kyiv, 112-13; Slipyi, losyf, 16 education of, 97; government career Smith, Howard W, 224Ո12 of 91; Kozyrev and, 108; memoir of, Snyder, Joseph, 89 103; on US policy toward Ukraine, Soviet Union: absorption of Baltic states 102,103,118; visit to Kyiv of, 101 by, 42; arms control initiatives of, Tarasiuk, Borys, 90 75,215; CIA reports on situation in, Tefft, John, 142,147,257Ո32,257Ո34, 43-4; crackdown in Lithuania by, 257Ո35 40; dissolution of, ix-x, 3,6,25,39- Thornburgh, Dick, 58 40,48,53,61-5,234n47,241ՈՈ131-2, Transnistria region (Moldova), 84 243Ո18; as “evil empire," 15; foreign Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of policy of, 33; issue of legitimacy of, 20-21; liberalization reforms of, 23,24-5,39,66; new Union Treaty and, 42,48,52; nuclear arsenal Nuclear Weapons (TNP), 100 Trilateral Statement. See US-RussiaUkraine Trilateral Statement (January 1994) of, 71,215; prospect of survival of, Trump, Donald, x, 9 35-6; religious life in, 18,29-30; vs. Tutwiler, Margaret, 53,62,80 Russia, 5-6,221,255nl5; territorial Tymoshenko, Yuliya, 158 expansion of, 22,42; Western influence of, 27-8. See also Russia Ukraine: American views of, 224Ո12, Stalin, Josef, 2 235n59,270n53; anti-Moscow START I (strategic arms reduction talks), sentiment in, 16; aspirations to 37,84,88,95,97,100 independence of, 214; civil
society START II, 89 in, 154; Constitutional provision Stent, Angela E., 259n46,263n91,265n9 on border change of, 268n36; Stephanopoulos, George, 92,94 declaration of fall independence “Strategic Alliance with Russian Reform, by, 51; election manipulations in, A," 93 12Է128; foreign policy of, 7-8,102; Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 24 history of, 255Ո16; integration with Subtelny Orest, 28-9,240Ո114; Ukraine: A the West of 128-9; international History, 28 Syria: extraction of chemical weapons recognition of independence of, 634,65,68,228Ո15; in Kennan’s diary.
305 INDEX 233ո27; nuclear arsenal ot 7l· 79-80, 108, 112; political development ot 153; referendum on independence of, 54,74,239Ո110; in Russian Ukrainian Congress Committee of America (UCCA), 62,101, lit 139֊ 40,145,163,164 Ukrainian diaspora: 2004 Ukrainian historiography, 6-7; Russia’s presidential election and, 151,218; destabilization ot 8-9,131-2,153, Bush administration and, 48-9, 168-9,184,257n32,257n34,268n38; 60,65,240Ո113; expansion of, 28; security concerns ot 8Է 90,91, frictions within, 28; Gorbachev’s 117-18,221; Soviet defense industry reforms and, 29; influence of based in, 71-2; US consulate in, 17, US policy, 29-30,117,152,217; 42; in War on tenor, 122,123,124, mobilization of, 190; Obama 130,214 administration and, 203; position Ukraine Freedom Support Act, 186,190, 197,203,217 “Ukraine’s Choice; Europe or Russia?” conference, 143 Ukraine Security Assistance Act, 183,184 on denudearization of, 73-4; promotion of Ukrainian studies by 28-9; support of Ukraine’s independence by, 37,54,63,65,67, 116 Ukraine Support Act, 168 Ukrainian Helsinki Monitoring Group, 15 Ukrainian 2004 presidential election: Ukrainian National Republic, 18 administrative resources and, 132-3; Ukrainian SSR: dedaration of sovereignty annulment of 21 November vote by, 8,36,47,5Է 208,255Ո16; and, 141; "Bushchenko" nanative referendum on independence of, in, 256n26; fraud and inegularities in, 137,143,148,150,152,258n41; 59,60 Ukrainian Weekly: on Clinton policy Maidan protests against 152; media toward Ukraine, 93,98,110, 111; on coverage ot 132,143,151; repression collapse of the USSR,
63; criticism against opposition candidate of Bush administration by, 54,56, and, 130-1; results of, 143,258n41; 58; on denudearization policy, 73, Russian interference in, 135-42,148, 90-1; “Educating George” editorial· 152-3,209,256Ո27,257n30,257Ո34, 48; on financial compensation 260nn55-6; second-round contest to Ukraine, 86; on military aid to ot 14Է145; US approach to, 127-8, Ukraine, 184; pressure on Obama 136,137,152,209 administration by, 178,187,203; Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox church, 29 Ukrainian Catholic Church, 17 reaction to the Trilateral Statement by, 113-14; Reality Check column, 108, 111; on Russian aggression
306 FISHEL. THE MOSCOW FACTOR against Ukraine, 166,186; on and, 123; reality and wishful Talbotťs visit to Kyiv, 101; on thinking in, 109-10; reset policy Ukraine’s independence, 37,54,63; and, 156-8,264Ո5,265n9,265nll; on Ukrainian 2004 presidential strategic partnership in, 126,127, elections, 132,137-8,14Լ143,151; on 129-30,216-17; talks on nuclear US-Soviet relationships, 48-9,54; arms reduction and, 77 on Western policy toward Ukraine, 172 Ulyanov, Ilya, 157 Uniate Church, 18 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). See Soviet Union United States: reduction of nuclear arsenal by 75; domestic problems of, 31; European affairs of 123; financial aid to Russia by, 78; foreign policy of, 6,18,219-20,221; National Security Strategy of, 46,191; Soviet consulates in, 17 US Commission on the Ukraine Famine, 227n7 US Congress: Orange Revolution and, US-Russia-Ukraine Trilateral Statement (January 1994), 10Լ113,12Է 253Ո157 US Senate: debates on aid to Ukraine, 169-70,197 US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations: testimonies before, 168-9,175-8,179; vote on Ukraine Freedom Support Act 186 US Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on European Affairs, 147,169-71 US-Soviet relations: August coup and, 49,51-2; in Cold War period, 26; collapse of the Soviet Union and, 53; constructive approach and, 26; containment approach and, 6,21-2, 216-17; reaction to shooting down 24; cooperation in, 22-3; détente of MH17by, 182-3; resolution on policy and, 25,26; evolution of, Baltic states of, 35,40 Ushakov, Iurii, 136 US House of Representatives: International Relations Committee and,
125,142; International Relations Subcommittee on Europe 19-22; inducements approach and, 25; perestroika and, 23-4,26-7,28, 33,35,37-8; in scholarship, 19-30 US-Soviet working group on the future security agenda, 58 US-Ukrainian relations: democratic and, 123,125,127,147; Ukraine factor in, 128-9,217; evolution of, 9, Security Assistance Act and, 183; 35,90,121-2,150,214-15; in external Ukraine Support Act and, 168 and domestic considerations, 10; US-Russian relations: global war on Iraq War and, 122,150; Meals Ready terrorism and, 125; key issues in, to Eat (MREs) and, 166,170; Moscow 123; North Korea's nuclear program factor in, 108,216,220; regional
307 INDEX stability and, 56; security issue 50; challenge to Gorbachev by, and, 172-3; Ukraine’s declaration 235Ո50; Clinton and, 94,95,248n82; of independence and, 51,52,53. See democratic reforms and, 88-9; also lethal assistance to Ukraine denuclearization policy of, 74,77, 86-7,100; dissolution of the Soviet Verkhovna Rada (parliament) of Ukraine: Union and, 61,241Ո13Լ 243nl8; approval of foreign policy doctrine foreign affairs of, 234-5n50; at and, 102; by-elections for, 128; G7 Tokyo summit, 103; George H. ratification of START by, 95,97,109; W. Bush and, 5Է 6Լ 64,76,77,83, sovereignty declaration of 51,68 207,214; Kravchuk and, 100; new Vershbow, Alexander, 134 constitution and, 109-10; popular War on terror, 122,123,124,149 resignation of 122; rise to power Warsaw Pact, 25 of, 44; on territorial integrity of Wilson, Woodrow 20,228Ո15 Ukraine, x, 87; US endorsement Wisner, Frank, 90 of, 82-3,115,254nl; on US-Russian Wittkopf, Eugene R., 285n3 relations, 86; Vancouver meeting of Wofford, Harris, 58 98; visit to Washington of, 82-4 support of, 98-9; reputation of, 76; Yugoslav Wars, 212,215 Yakovlev, Alexander, 73 Yukos, 144,145 Yanayev, Gennady, 48,49 Yushchenko, Viktor: inauguration of 145, Yanukovych, Viktor: 2004 presidential 146; poisoning of, 130; presidential election and, 130,132,256n26, election of 135,148,151,154,214-15, 258n41; 2010 presidential election 256n26,258n41; speech at the and, 158; Association Agreement US Congress of, 217; Ukrainian with the European Union and, diaspora and, 151; Yanukovych and, 159; criticism of, 158; escape to 12 Russia by,
161,202; Obama and, 159; Putin’s endorsement of 139, Zhirinovskii, Vladimir, 110, 111 256n27,257n30,260n55; Revolution Zlenko, Anatolil, 95 of Dignity and, 160; runoff election and, 154; Russian support for, 13Լ 135-6,137-8,142; Yushchenko and, 12 Yatsenyuk, Arseny, 163,165,170,189 Yeltsin, Boris: August 1991 coup and. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Mönchen |
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| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Fishel, Eugene M. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1280534192 |
| author_facet | Fishel, Eugene M. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Fishel, Eugene M. |
| author_variant | e m f em emf |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048592073 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1378723584 (DE-599)BVBBV048592073 |
| dewey-full | 327.73047 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 327 - International relations |
| dewey-raw | 327.73047 |
| dewey-search | 327.73047 |
| dewey-sort | 3327.73047 |
| dewey-tens | 320 - Political science (Politics and government) |
| discipline | Politologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Politologie |
| era | Geschichte 1990-2015 gnd Geschichte 1991-2015 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1990-2015 Geschichte 1991-2015 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | USA Ukraine Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV048592073 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T21:07:42Z |
| indexdate | 2025-02-10T13:14:44Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780674279186 9780674279179 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033967761 |
| oclc_num | 1378723584 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-188 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-29 DE-M352 |
| owner_facet | DE-188 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-29 DE-M352 |
| physical | XI, 307 Seiten Illustrationen 23 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20230512 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Harvard series in Ukrainian studies |
| series2 | Harvard series in Ukrainian studies |
| spelling | Fishel, Eugene M. Verfasser (DE-588)1280534192 aut The Moscow factor US policy toward sovereign Ukraine and the Kremlin Eugene M. Fishel Cambridge, Massachusetts Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University [2022] Cambridge, Massachusetts Harvard University Press XI, 307 Seiten Illustrationen 23 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Harvard series in Ukrainian studies 82 Includes bibliographical references and index Geschichte 1990-2015 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1991-2015 gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf United States / Foreign relations / Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / United States United States / Foreign relations / Ukraine Ukraine / Foreign relations / United States POLITICAL SCIENCE / American Government / General Diplomatic relations Russia (Federation) Ukraine United States Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 g Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Geschichte 1990-2015 z DE-604 Geschichte 1991-2015 z Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-0-674-27919-3 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-0-674-27942-1 Harvard series in Ukrainian studies 82 (DE-604)BV002789515 82 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033967761&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033967761&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033967761&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Fishel, Eugene M. The Moscow factor US policy toward sovereign Ukraine and the Kremlin Harvard series in Ukrainian studies Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4061496-7 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | The Moscow factor US policy toward sovereign Ukraine and the Kremlin |
| title_auth | The Moscow factor US policy toward sovereign Ukraine and the Kremlin |
| title_exact_search | The Moscow factor US policy toward sovereign Ukraine and the Kremlin |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The Moscow factor U.S. policy toward sovereign Ukraine and the Kremlin |
| title_full | The Moscow factor US policy toward sovereign Ukraine and the Kremlin Eugene M. Fishel |
| title_fullStr | The Moscow factor US policy toward sovereign Ukraine and the Kremlin Eugene M. Fishel |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Moscow factor US policy toward sovereign Ukraine and the Kremlin Eugene M. Fishel |
| title_short | The Moscow factor |
| title_sort | the moscow factor us policy toward sovereign ukraine and the kremlin |
| title_sub | US policy toward sovereign Ukraine and the Kremlin |
| topic | Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Außenpolitik USA Ukraine Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033967761&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033967761&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033967761&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV002789515 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fisheleugenem themoscowfactoruspolicytowardsovereignukraineandthekremlin |