The stories old towns tell: a journey through cities at the heart of Europe
Historic quarters in cities and towns across the middle of Europe were devastated during the Second World War—some, like those of Warsaw and Frankfurt, had to be rebuilt almost completely. They are now centers of peace and civility that attract millions of tourists, but the stories they tell about p...
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| Language: | English |
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Yale University Press
[2023]
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| Summary: | Historic quarters in cities and towns across the middle of Europe were devastated during the Second World War—some, like those of Warsaw and Frankfurt, had to be rebuilt almost completely. They are now centers of peace and civility that attract millions of tourists, but the stories they tell about places, peoples, and nations are selective. They are never the whole story. These old towns and their turbulent histories have been key sites in Europe’s ongoing theater of politics and war. Exploring seven old towns, from Frankfurt and Prague to Vilnius in Lithuania, the acclaimed writer Marek Kohn examines how they have been used since the Second World War to conceal political tensions and reinforce certain versions of history. Uncovering hidden stories behind these old and old-seeming façades, Kohn offers us a new understanding of the politics of European history-making—showing how our visits to old towns could promote belonging over exclusion, and empathy over indifference |
| Physical Description: | x, 329 Seiten Illustrationen, Karte |
| ISBN: | 9780300267846 0300267843 |
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Contents List ofIllustrations Map ix xi Introduction: Seven Symbolic Quarters i WARSAW i. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Market to Monument Soldier-Architects Go to the Forests, or Get to Work A Brigade of Goldsmiths The Whole Nation Is Building Its Capital City The Stones Speak Polish We Will Come to Believe in It Ourselves 15 20 43 58 72 94 101 WURZBURG 8. 9. Christmas Trees in Lent The U-Boat Cathedral Roof 113 132 ROTHENBURG OB DER TAUBER 10. A Wall Round the Whole Place 11. Half-Timber Angst 141 156
CONTENTS VILNIUS i շ. What the Iron Wolf Meant 13. Wilno, Vilna, Vilne, Vilnius 169 17 9 MIDDLE EUROPE 14. Stumbling Stones 201 LUBLIN 15. We Patiently Explain 217 PRAGUE 16. If the Twentieth Century Had Not Happened 247 FRANKFURT AM MAIN 17. 261 The New Old Town MIDDLE EUROPE 18. What Stories They Could Tell Acknowledgements Notes Bibliography Index 277 284 2 86 30y 322 viii
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Index Adamowicz, Paweł 184,192-3,195 family 183-4,299ոՅՕ Agaton forgery operation 26,56 Stanislaw Jankowski’s nom de guerre and platoon 33-6 AK see Armia Krajowa Antanavičiūtė, Rasa 174,178,190,196 antisemitism 75,205,212,230-1 blood libel 231-3,242 conspiracy theories 125,252-3 Kielce pogrom 71,231 Nazi Germany 153-4,162,202 Poland, 1930s 18-19,49-51,54,57, 75 see also Holocaust architects, German contemporary 278 during Nazi period 27-8,122-3, 132-3 after Second World War 133,157-8, 160,163,263,266-7 architects, Polish Association (Stowarzyszenie Architektów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, SARP) 49-50,53,54,57,87 and communist regime 44-7,54-7, 72-6, 84-5 during German occupation 20-7,32, 33-8,39,40-1,55-6,72-3 1930s 49-51,53,54,57,72,75,84 Armia Krajowa, AK (Home Army) 24-6, 31-7,39,181-3 architects and heritage professionals in 24-5,26,33,38,55-6,84-5 and communist regime 48-9,55-6,84, 102-3 Arndt, Rudi 268-9 Arnold, Jörg 128,131,264 Athens Charter, The (1943) 247-8 Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments (1931) 80, 81 Auschwitz camp 28,30,133,212,263 town 27-8 authenticity and reconstruction 59, 78-82, 83,157,160-1,163,273-4 see also conservation principles Avignon 11 Baedeker Bomber’s Baedeker 119,126 1902 guide 149 raids 119,124 Balaban, Meir 221 Baryczka house (Warsaw Old Town) 16-17,19,29,38,60-1,94 Bellotto, Bernardo 101-2 Berger, Hanns 163,164 Berlin 65 Berling, Zygmunt 52 Bertram, Grischa 272 Beuys, Joseph 210 Biden, Joe 4 Biegański, Piotr 48-9,54, 84
INDEX post-war reconstruction 42-5,47,59, 85, 102,103 wartime activities 24,33,55,59 Bierut, Bolesław 46,53,68,74-6,86,92 Lublin reconstruction 222,224 Warsaw Old Town reconstruction 67, 83,103,104 blood libel 231-3,242 Boeswillwald, Paul 78 Bomber's Baedeker, The 119,126-7 bombing campaigns casualties 114-15,124,125,127,277 discussed after 50 years 128 Friedrich, Jörg 128-30,131 Harris, Arthur 120,123-7 RAF strategy 114-15,117,119-20, 126-7 targeting of old urban centres 119-20, 122-5,126,130 Bonaparte, Napoleon 134-5 BOS (Biuro Odbudowa Stolicy) see Bureau for the Reconstruction of the Capital Bór-Komorowski, Tadeusz 36,39,56 Brama Grodzka building 217-19,244,282 Brama Grodzka centre 219-20,241,243, 244,280,281-2 ‘common, Polish-Jewish history’5-6, 235-6 oral history 230,233-5 performances 229-30 Braun, Emil 32 Brazauskas, Algirdas 175,176 Breslau see Wroclaw Breton, André 255 Briedis, Laimonas 178 Brooks, Van Wyck 9 Brown, Rick and Laura 207 Bryla, Stefan 23,32,50 Bureau for the Reconstruction of the Capital (Biuro Odbudowa Stolicy, BOS) 42,59-60,62,104,208 and heritage 46,55,59, 88,110 Old Town 60,66, 85 political backgrounds of members 55-6, 69,72-3, 84 Cachola Schmal, Peter 274 Campus Galli 274 Canaletto (Bernardo Bellotto) 101-2 Carcassonne 78 Catholic Church 98,106-7 Chojnacka, Zofia 24,33,56 Churchill, Winston 113 Cologne 116,125,210 communism see Polish communist regime; nationalism; Sigalin, Józef conservation principles 78-83,110,138, 157 conservationist groups Germany 204,264,266 Poland 16-17,19 Prague 254-5,256 conservationists and urban planning 85-6, 88-9,
91 Czapska, Anna 58-9,61 Czechoslovakia 152,256 Danzig see Gdańsk Dąbrowska, Maria 86 Dehio, Georg 79,157 Demetz, Peter 249 Demnig, Gunter 210-12,229 Dengel, Oskar 27,28 Devers, Jacob 144,146 Dirks, Walter 267 Disney 155,164,256 Dmowski, Roman 18,68,70 Döblin, Alfred 171,230,279 on Brama Grodzka 217-18,219,227, 244,248,282 DomRömer Quarter 8,270-4,278-9 Dresden 115,127,256 Drėma, Vladas 188 Dylewski, Romuald 233-5 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 46 Eliot, George 233,249-50,253 Estonia 188-90 ethnic cleansing see population replacement European Heritage Label 281 European Union 2,4-5,281 Faculty of Architecture (Wydział Architektury), Warsaw Polytechnic Institute of Polish Architecture (Zakład Architektury Polskiej) 21, 22,24,27,205 1930s 49-51,54,206 post-war 55,87 Second World War 21-4,26-7,32, 37-8,39,40-1, 73 Faryaszewska, Ewa 38 Feldmann, Peter 272 Fischer, Friedhelm 272 Fischer, Ludwig 28-9,30,40,62 Flade, Roland 129 323
INDEX Florin, Fritz 157,160 Frank, Hans 28,242 Frankfurt am Main, Old Town 8 Goethe House 266-7 1945-2000 266,268-9 Ostzeile 269-70 Technical Town Hall 268,269 see also DomRömer Quarter Friedrich, Jörg 128-30,131 Frings, Josef 116 Himmler, Heinrich 40 Hitler, Adolf 124,152,158,173 Rothenburg ob derTauber 150-1,158 Warsaw 31,62 Wroclaw 95 Wurzburg 27,133 Hobsbawm, Eric 53 Holocaust 9,71,204-5 Lublin 5,219,221,224,229-30,235-6 Vilnius 179,181,191-2 Warsaw 31,207-9 see also antisemitism; Stolpersteine Holy Roman Empire 146,147 Home Army see Armia Krajowa Horowitz, Yaakov Yitzhak haLevi 220-1 Huber, Maria see Piechotka, Maria Hubka, Thomas 206 Hübner, Wolfgang 272 Galbraith, John Kenneth 144 Gdańsk 152,184,193-6,268-9,272-3 Gediminas 169,170,175 gentrification 17,19,77,108,228 Germany, post-war reconstruction choices 117-18,131,264-5 Frankfurt am Main 8,265-72 Rothenburg ob der Tauber 157-60,263 Würzburg 134,138 Gide, André 266 Gierek, Edward 92 Goedsche, Hermann 253 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 266-8,270 Goldzamt, Edmund 73,87 Golem 255-6,281 Gomułka, Władysław 69, 74-5,92-3, 226-7 Grimm brothers 155 ‘Grodzka Gate - NN Theatre’ Centre (Ośrodek „Brama Grodzka - Teatr NN”) see Brama Grodzka centre Gropius, Walter 122 Gross, Hubert 27,132-4,153 Gruber, Ruth Ellen 241 Institute of National Remembrance (Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, IPN) 211-13 Institute of Polish Architecture see under Faculty of Architecture Haarmann, Fritz 261-2,263 Hagen, Joshua 163 half-timbering Frankfúrt am Main 266,279 Hannover 126,263 Kassel 264,265 Rothenburg ob der Tauber 160,163,203 Hamburg 115,125-6,191
Hampstead Garden Suburb 149 Hannover 126,261-3 Hanseatic League 124,189,195 Harris, Arthur 120,123-7 Hartwig, Julia 224,240 Haussmann, Georges-Eugène 224,251 Haussmann, Manfred 265 Heimat 147,148,159,264 Hildesheim 156 Jadwiga 170,220 Jankowska, Hanna 56 Jankowski, Stanislaw 1930s 57 post-war 55,56, 87 wartime activities 25-6,33,34—5,36,39, 56 Jewish memory 204-5 Germany 201-4 Poland 5-6,108-9,193,205-9,211-13, 242-4 Vilnius 190-2,195 see also Brama Grodzka centre; Mandragora restaurant; Stolpersteine Jewish quarters Kazimierz (Kraków) 180,211-13,242-4 Oriental comparisons 234—5 Vilnius 179-81,190-2 see also Josefov; Lublin, Podzamcze Jogaila 170,174,220 Johnson, Peter 119,120-2,128 Josefov 249,256 decline in 19th-century 250,255 demolition 250-1,253,257 images in fiction and film 252—3,255-6 Old Jewish Cemetery 249-50,251, 252-4,255 redevelopment 251-2,253-4 324
INDEX Kaczerginski, Shmerke 191 Kaczyński, Lech ЗО Kaliski, Emil 97 Kampf, Alfred 162 Kandinsky, Wassily 149 Kassel 263-5 Katyn massacres 52,53 Kaunas 172,174,185 Kazimierz (Krakow) 180,211-13,242-4 Kerndter, Leonhard 160-2,163 Khrushchev, Nikita 46 Kielce pogrom 71,231 Knell, Hermann 114,115-18,119,129-30 Knobloch, Charlotte 211 Knoll, Eduard 203-4 Koshar, Rudy 266 Kozlowska-Dechnik, Izabela 239-40,243, 244 Kraft durch Freude (KdF) 151-2 Krajewski, Marek 194 Krakow 171,220 capital city 15,46 Market Square 15, 74,283 Second World War 23,33,46 tourism 278,282-3 Wawel Castle 81-2,242 see also Kazimierz Kuhn, Rudolf Edwin 135,137 Lächert, Bogdan 207-8 Landsbergis-Žemkalnis, Vytautas 174,175, 185 Lauterbach, Tobias 163 Le Corbusier 247,248 Lehrer, Erica 243 Lerner, Nora 211-13 Lessing, Theodor 281-2 Lichey, Hermann 141 Lill, Georg 157,158-9 Lithuania Christianization 170 independent state 1918-40 17-18,152, 172-4 independent state from 1990 175-6 Soviet republic 173,187,196 see also Polish-Lithuanian Republic Little Insurgent (Mały Powstaniec) statue 278 Lorentz, Stanislaw 29,38,41,108 Lübbecke, Fried 268 Lübeck 113,123-5,145 Lublin castle 217,220,223,224,225 Jewish communities 220-1,229,231, 239-40 Majdanek camp 221,228,242 1719 fire 280 Union of Lublin 15,220,280-1 Lublin, Old Town 5,217,220,221, 279-81 kebab restaurant 238,243,281 living conditions 226-8,241 Market Square 220,221,225-6,237, 238,279-80 1954 works 223-6 ‘Patriotic Shop’ 237-8,243,280,281 post-communist regeneration 236-7 see also Brama Grodzka building; Brama Grodzka centre; Mandragora restaurant Lublin,
Podzamcze (Jewish Town) 217, 220-1,229 destruction 222,224-5 ghetto 219,221,240 memories of 230,233-5 People’s Gathering Place 224,225,228 post-war redevelopment 222-5 Lviv 96,97,179,219,282 Łódź 46 Majchrzak, Kazimiera 63-5 Malraux, André 11 Mandelsberg, Bela 241-2 Mandragora restaurant 238-40,241-2, 243-4,279,281 McCloy, John J. 144—6,267 Meyrink, Gustav 255 Middle Europe meaning 10 Miechowski, Zygmunt 38-9 Mieszko I 69 Miłosz, Czesław 177-8,179 Мої Ver (Moyshe Vorobeychik) 180 monuments, intentional and unintentional 79-80,102,191 Morelowski, Marian 100,175,186 Munich 211 Museum of Old Warsaw 19,29,38,60—1, 64,94,103 Mussolini, Benito 84,173 National Democracy 18,68,69 National-Radicals 49-51,57,75 nationalism 8,10,162,193,267 communist incorporation of 69-70, 90-1,187,195,243-4,267-8 325
INDEX communist tensions around 73-4,106-7, 212 Polish 18,49-51,52,57,69-70,75,243 Nazi buildings and urban spaces 31,132, 173,262 NKVD 44,48,52,55,183 NN child 217-20,244 Notre-Dame de Paris 78 Nowa Huta 74 Nuremberg 153,156 trials 64 Nysa 99 Obama, Barack 212 Old Towns, 19th-century decline 16,250, 264 Old Towns, 1900-1939 conditions 19,77,217,221,261-2,264, 279 conservation 16-17,158,256,264,266 and modernisation 247-9,256-7 redevelopment 76-8, 80,100,125-6, 250-4,262,264 reputations 108,261-2 Rothenburg ob der Tauber 146-54,158, 159 Vilnius 179-81,234 Old Towns in 21st century 6-9,188-9, 277-83 Jewish memory and images 191-2, 201-2,209,232-3,238-40,279-80 Lublin 236-40,244,279-82 Vilnius 176-7,178,191-2,196-7 Old Towns as universal heritage 79,124, 145,149-50,248,268 Operation Vistula 70-1 Or-Ot (Artur Oppmann) 17 Overy, Richard 120,127 Pabst, Friedrich 30-1,32,131 Pforzheim 126-7 Piasts 69,95,97-8 Piechotka, Kazimierz Maciej 55 wartime activities 22,23-4,33-4,36-7, 39 Piechotka, Maria 21,207 wartime activities 20,33,35,37,39 Piechotka, Maria and Kazimierz 37,42, 56-7,105 synagogue studies 205-7 Pietrasiewicz, Tomasz 219,228-9,236, 244,281 Pilsudski, Józef 17-18,49,69,172-3,174 Pinocchio 155 Piotrowski, Roman 72,85,89 Podkowa Leśna 40,43,58,59 Pogranicze (Borderland Foundation) 302n24 Poland Christianization 69, 98 minorities 17-18,68,70-1 partitions 16,90,93,98,171 Piast historical narrative 69,97-8 Recovered Lands 69-71,74,91,94-5,97 Second Republic 17,19 Second World War underground state 11,23-4,32,34,55,67-8,181 see also Piasts; Polish communist regime; Polish-
Lithuanian Republic POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews 207 Polinski, Jan 57,75 Polish communist regime 67-71, 87, 104-5,106,222-3,227 internal power struggles 74,84,212 policy shifts 92,109,226 see also architects, Polish; Armia Krajowa; nationalism Polish School of Architecture (University of Liverpool) 25,56,75 Polish-Lithuanian Republic (Commonwealth) 15-16,17,178,188, 220,238 culture represented by Warsaw buildings 98,101 préfiguration of European Union 280-1 see also Poland, partitions population replacement 9,70-1,96,169, 183-4,196 Praesens 72, 75 Prague conservation movement 250-1,254-5, 256,257 Old Town 250-1,256-7 Wenceslas Square 256,257 see also Josefov preservation see conservation principles Protocols ofthe Elders ofZion 253 Rabbi Loew (Judah Loew ben Bezalel) 255 RAF (Royal Air Force) see under bombing campaigns reconstruction principles see conservation principles Reims, cathedral 81 326
INDEX Retcliffe, Sir John (Hermann Goedsche, pseud.) 253 Richter, Max 267 Riegl, Alois 79 Riehl, Wilhelm Heinrich 146-7 Riemenschneider, Tilman 157 Robinsons (Warsaw) 41,66-7 Rokossovsky, Konstantin 86 Rome 84 Rostock 124 Rothenburg ob der Tauber bombing raid 142-4,156 Heimat 148,159 images 144,149,150-1,155,161,163-4 international attraction 144,146, 149-50,155,161,163-4 Jewish history and sites 153-4,201-4, 209 Meistertrunk 148,160 Nazi period 151-4,159,161-2,202-3 negotiated troop withdrawal 141-2, 144-6 postwar demolition 164—5 postwar reconstruction 157-61,163 tourism 146-50,158,160-1,204 Ruskin, John 78-9,81 Russia see Poland, partitions; Ukraine, 2022 invasion by Sandomierz 232-3 Schmidt, Friedrich 162 Schweinfurt 118 Sebald, Winfried Georg 128 Shackleton, Robert 150,156,158 Sigalin, Grzegorz 52,53 Sigalin, Józef 56-7,87-8 as communist 47,51,53-4,57 1939-1944 52-3 Polish identity, sense of 47,49,51,90 reconstruction of Warsaw 43-8,55, 85, 87-91 Warsaw Old Town 67,103,109-10 Sigalin, Roman 52,53 Sitte, Camillo 251-2 Skalimowski, Andrzej 52 Skilton,John Davis 135-7,145 Smetona, Antanas 173 socialist realism 73-4,107,208,224 Sosnowski, Oskar 21,27,39,110,205 Soviet Union and Lithuania 173,181,187 and Poland 68-9,70,86, 89-90,96 Second World War 21,23,34,42,52 Speer, Albert 132 Spychalski, Marian 44—5,46-8,53,73, 74-5, 84 Stalin, Joseph 46,53,206,208 Stalinism 66,68, 87,109,206,222 Stanislaw August Poniatowski 101 Stefan Batory 184 Stein, Rudolf 100 Steinhaus, Hugo 97 Stella, Frank 206 Stolpersteine 209-13,229,277 Stosberg, Hans 27-8,263 Sutzkever, Abraham 191 Syrkus,
Helena 75-6 szaber 45,59,96-7,99 Szyszko-Bohusz, Adolf 82 Swiderska, Kazimiera, and Swiderski, Leszek 38 Tallinn 124,188-90 Teatr NN see Brama Grodzka centre Tenggren, Gustaf 155 Teutonic Knights 189,238 Thum, Gregor 96 Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista 135 Tilly, Count of (Johann Tserclaes) 148,160 Toruń 2-3 Trüby, Stephan 271-2 Tusk, Donald 194-5 Ukraine, 2022 invasion by Russia 4,7,8, 282-3 Ukrainians 17,70,176 Unbehauen, Ernst 154,162,202 UNESCO heritage lists 79-80,124,148 Union of Lublin 15,220,280-1 Unwin, Raymond 149 urban planning 149,224,228 and conservationists 85-6, 88-9, 91 and Old Towns 86,186-7,247-8, 250-2,256,264-70,279 post-war reconstruction 72, 88-9,186, 207,266-7 Venclova, Tomas 178,185 Vilnius Aušros vartai (Gate of Dawn) 177,182, 219,299n30 castle complex 169-71,177 cathedral 170,171,187 cathedral area 171-5 First World War 172,180,234 327
INDEX Grand Dukes’Palace 172,175-6 Iron Wolf legend 169,170-1 since 1990 175-6,190-2,195-6 Polish heritage 186,188,192-3,195-6 population replacement 179,183-6,196 Second World War 173,181-3,186 Soviet periods 173,183-8,190 Vilnius, Old Town baroque architecture 177-8,187-8 churches 170,177,187-8 courtyards 197 Ghetto Library 191-2,201,208,279 Jewish quarter 179-81,190-2,234 population (2000s) 186 Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène 78 Vogtman, Józef 85 Vorobeychik, Moyshe 180 Vytautas the Great 174,177 Warburg, Eric 125,145 Warsaw 15-16,18,213 1945 41,44-5,47-8,59-60,62,65 destruction after 1944 Uprising 39-40 destruction estimates 61-2 East-West Route 64, 85-7, 88-90,91 German occupation before 1944 Uprising 21,23,27-33 Ghetto 31,62,63,108-9,207,209 Ghetto Uprising (1943) 31,62,222 Jewish district 207-9 Nazi plans for 27-8,30—1,32,33,131 post-war reconstruction 43-8,54,67, 74-5, 84-92,94,101 Six-Year Plan for the Reconstruction of the Capital 74-5,82 Warsaw, Castle Square 4, 86,89,101,103, 104 see also Zygmunt s Column Warsaw, Old Town 4-5,10-11,268,277-8 cathedral 105-6 key element in post-war reconstruction 3-4,44,47,67,76-7, 85 1945-7 41,46,60-1,63-7 reconstruction proposals and works 82-3,94,99,102-10,134 walls 19,60-1,77-8, 80,82-4,102, 109-10 see also Warsaw Uprising Warsaw, Old Town Market Square (Rynek) 15,16-17,19,29,79,187 1945 60-1 post-war reconstruction 67, 75,85,94, 102-5,107-8,227 see also Baryczka house; Museum of Old Warsaw Warsaw Polytechnic (Politechnika Warszawska) see Faculty of Architecture Warsaw, Royal Castle 15,82,85,101 post-war reconstruction 54,86,89-93
Second World War 21,22,28,30, 38,40 symbolism 4,28,30,177 Warsaw Uprising (1944) 4,33-9,56 Little Insurgent (Mały Powstaniec) statue 278 Old Town 4,30,35-9,41,63,87,107 Wegener, Paul 255 Weinreich, Max 180 Western Thought 69-70 Wilder, Thornton 266 Władysław II Jagiełło see Jogaila Wolfschlag, Claus 272 Wroclaw German history 95,98-9,100,194,195, 272-3 Old Town 40,95,98 Polish identity claims 97-8,99-100,188 population replacement 96-7,196 post-war conditions 95-7 reconstruction 100 Second World War 40, 95-6 Warsaw, building materials sent to 94—5, 98-9 Würzburg bombing raids 113-17,118-19,121-3, 127,129-30 Jewish communities 118,202,277 Nazi redevelopment plans 27,132-3 post-war reconstruction 133-4,138, 157 Residenz 134—7 St Kilians Cathedral 137-8 Wyporek, Bogdan 58 Wyszyński, Stefan 98,231 YIVO 180 Yung Vilne 180,191 Zachwatowicz, Jan 86,87-8,106,134,205 and communist regime 54,56-7,72, 83-4 conservation principles 78,80-3,105, 110 Warsaw reconstruction 42-6,54,55, 56-7,72,88,91 328
INDEX wartime activities 21-2,26-7,37-8, 40-1,55 Zachwatowicz, Jan, and Warsaw Old Town cathedral 105-6 Museum of Old Warsaw 19,60—1 1930s works 19,60-1, 76-8, 80, 82,83 reconstruction visions 76-7,82-3 reconstruction works 85,102,103-4, 105-6,110 walls 19,61,77-8,80,82,83,109-10 Zajczyk, Szymon 205 Zubrzycki, Geneviève 242-3 Zygmunt III Waza 15,81-2 Zygmunts Column 45,54,79, 85, 89, 91 Żeromska, Monika 107 329 Հ----------------- x Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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Contents List ofIllustrations Map ix xi Introduction: Seven Symbolic Quarters i WARSAW i. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Market to Monument Soldier-Architects Go to the Forests, or Get to Work A Brigade of Goldsmiths The Whole Nation Is Building Its Capital City The Stones Speak Polish We Will Come to Believe in It Ourselves 15 20 43 58 72 94 101 WURZBURG 8. 9. Christmas Trees in Lent The U-Boat Cathedral Roof 113 132 ROTHENBURG OB DER TAUBER 10. A Wall Round the Whole Place 11. Half-Timber Angst 141 156
CONTENTS VILNIUS i շ. What the Iron Wolf Meant 13. Wilno, Vilna, Vilne, Vilnius 169 17 9 MIDDLE EUROPE 14. Stumbling Stones 201 LUBLIN 15. We Patiently Explain 217 PRAGUE 16. If the Twentieth Century Had Not Happened 247 FRANKFURT AM MAIN 17. 261 The New Old Town MIDDLE EUROPE 18. What Stories They Could Tell Acknowledgements Notes Bibliography Index 277 284 2 86 30y 322 viii
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Index Adamowicz, Paweł 184,192-3,195 family 183-4,299ոՅՕ Agaton forgery operation 26,56 Stanislaw Jankowski’s nom de guerre and platoon 33-6 AK see Armia Krajowa Antanavičiūtė, Rasa 174,178,190,196 antisemitism 75,205,212,230-1 blood libel 231-3,242 conspiracy theories 125,252-3 Kielce pogrom 71,231 Nazi Germany 153-4,162,202 Poland, 1930s 18-19,49-51,54,57, 75 see also Holocaust architects, German contemporary 278 during Nazi period 27-8,122-3, 132-3 after Second World War 133,157-8, 160,163,263,266-7 architects, Polish Association (Stowarzyszenie Architektów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, SARP) 49-50,53,54,57,87 and communist regime 44-7,54-7, 72-6, 84-5 during German occupation 20-7,32, 33-8,39,40-1,55-6,72-3 1930s 49-51,53,54,57,72,75,84 Armia Krajowa, AK (Home Army) 24-6, 31-7,39,181-3 architects and heritage professionals in 24-5,26,33,38,55-6,84-5 and communist regime 48-9,55-6,84, 102-3 Arndt, Rudi 268-9 Arnold, Jörg 128,131,264 Athens Charter, The (1943) 247-8 Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments (1931) 80, 81 Auschwitz camp 28,30,133,212,263 town 27-8 authenticity and reconstruction 59, 78-82, 83,157,160-1,163,273-4 see also conservation principles Avignon 11 Baedeker Bomber’s Baedeker 119,126 1902 guide 149 raids 119,124 Balaban, Meir 221 Baryczka house (Warsaw Old Town) 16-17,19,29,38,60-1,94 Bellotto, Bernardo 101-2 Berger, Hanns 163,164 Berlin 65 Berling, Zygmunt 52 Bertram, Grischa 272 Beuys, Joseph 210 Biden, Joe 4 Biegański, Piotr 48-9,54, 84
INDEX post-war reconstruction 42-5,47,59, 85, 102,103 wartime activities 24,33,55,59 Bierut, Bolesław 46,53,68,74-6,86,92 Lublin reconstruction 222,224 Warsaw Old Town reconstruction 67, 83,103,104 blood libel 231-3,242 Boeswillwald, Paul 78 Bomber's Baedeker, The 119,126-7 bombing campaigns casualties 114-15,124,125,127,277 discussed after 50 years 128 Friedrich, Jörg 128-30,131 Harris, Arthur 120,123-7 RAF strategy 114-15,117,119-20, 126-7 targeting of old urban centres 119-20, 122-5,126,130 Bonaparte, Napoleon 134-5 BOS (Biuro Odbudowa Stolicy) see Bureau for the Reconstruction of the Capital Bór-Komorowski, Tadeusz 36,39,56 Brama Grodzka building 217-19,244,282 Brama Grodzka centre 219-20,241,243, 244,280,281-2 ‘common, Polish-Jewish history’5-6, 235-6 oral history 230,233-5 performances 229-30 Braun, Emil 32 Brazauskas, Algirdas 175,176 Breslau see Wroclaw Breton, André 255 Briedis, Laimonas 178 Brooks, Van Wyck 9 Brown, Rick and Laura 207 Bryla, Stefan 23,32,50 Bureau for the Reconstruction of the Capital (Biuro Odbudowa Stolicy, BOS) 42,59-60,62,104,208 and heritage 46,55,59, 88,110 Old Town 60,66, 85 political backgrounds of members 55-6, 69,72-3, 84 Cachola Schmal, Peter 274 Campus Galli 274 Canaletto (Bernardo Bellotto) 101-2 Carcassonne 78 Catholic Church 98,106-7 Chojnacka, Zofia 24,33,56 Churchill, Winston 113 Cologne 116,125,210 communism see Polish communist regime; nationalism; Sigalin, Józef conservation principles 78-83,110,138, 157 conservationist groups Germany 204,264,266 Poland 16-17,19 Prague 254-5,256 conservationists and urban planning 85-6, 88-9,
91 Czapska, Anna 58-9,61 Czechoslovakia 152,256 Danzig see Gdańsk Dąbrowska, Maria 86 Dehio, Georg 79,157 Demetz, Peter 249 Demnig, Gunter 210-12,229 Dengel, Oskar 27,28 Devers, Jacob 144,146 Dirks, Walter 267 Disney 155,164,256 Dmowski, Roman 18,68,70 Döblin, Alfred 171,230,279 on Brama Grodzka 217-18,219,227, 244,248,282 DomRömer Quarter 8,270-4,278-9 Dresden 115,127,256 Drėma, Vladas 188 Dylewski, Romuald 233-5 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 46 Eliot, George 233,249-50,253 Estonia 188-90 ethnic cleansing see population replacement European Heritage Label 281 European Union 2,4-5,281 Faculty of Architecture (Wydział Architektury), Warsaw Polytechnic Institute of Polish Architecture (Zakład Architektury Polskiej) 21, 22,24,27,205 1930s 49-51,54,206 post-war 55,87 Second World War 21-4,26-7,32, 37-8,39,40-1, 73 Faryaszewska, Ewa 38 Feldmann, Peter 272 Fischer, Friedhelm 272 Fischer, Ludwig 28-9,30,40,62 Flade, Roland 129 323
INDEX Florin, Fritz 157,160 Frank, Hans 28,242 Frankfurt am Main, Old Town 8 Goethe House 266-7 1945-2000 266,268-9 Ostzeile 269-70 Technical Town Hall 268,269 see also DomRömer Quarter Friedrich, Jörg 128-30,131 Frings, Josef 116 Himmler, Heinrich 40 Hitler, Adolf 124,152,158,173 Rothenburg ob derTauber 150-1,158 Warsaw 31,62 Wroclaw 95 Wurzburg 27,133 Hobsbawm, Eric 53 Holocaust 9,71,204-5 Lublin 5,219,221,224,229-30,235-6 Vilnius 179,181,191-2 Warsaw 31,207-9 see also antisemitism; Stolpersteine Holy Roman Empire 146,147 Home Army see Armia Krajowa Horowitz, Yaakov Yitzhak haLevi 220-1 Huber, Maria see Piechotka, Maria Hubka, Thomas 206 Hübner, Wolfgang 272 Galbraith, John Kenneth 144 Gdańsk 152,184,193-6,268-9,272-3 Gediminas 169,170,175 gentrification 17,19,77,108,228 Germany, post-war reconstruction choices 117-18,131,264-5 Frankfurt am Main 8,265-72 Rothenburg ob der Tauber 157-60,263 Würzburg 134,138 Gide, André 266 Gierek, Edward 92 Goedsche, Hermann 253 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 266-8,270 Goldzamt, Edmund 73,87 Golem 255-6,281 Gomułka, Władysław 69, 74-5,92-3, 226-7 Grimm brothers 155 ‘Grodzka Gate - NN Theatre’ Centre (Ośrodek „Brama Grodzka - Teatr NN”) see Brama Grodzka centre Gropius, Walter 122 Gross, Hubert 27,132-4,153 Gruber, Ruth Ellen 241 Institute of National Remembrance (Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, IPN) 211-13 Institute of Polish Architecture see under Faculty of Architecture Haarmann, Fritz 261-2,263 Hagen, Joshua 163 half-timbering Frankfúrt am Main 266,279 Hannover 126,263 Kassel 264,265 Rothenburg ob der Tauber 160,163,203 Hamburg 115,125-6,191
Hampstead Garden Suburb 149 Hannover 126,261-3 Hanseatic League 124,189,195 Harris, Arthur 120,123-7 Hartwig, Julia 224,240 Haussmann, Georges-Eugène 224,251 Haussmann, Manfred 265 Heimat 147,148,159,264 Hildesheim 156 Jadwiga 170,220 Jankowska, Hanna 56 Jankowski, Stanislaw 1930s 57 post-war 55,56, 87 wartime activities 25-6,33,34—5,36,39, 56 Jewish memory 204-5 Germany 201-4 Poland 5-6,108-9,193,205-9,211-13, 242-4 Vilnius 190-2,195 see also Brama Grodzka centre; Mandragora restaurant; Stolpersteine Jewish quarters Kazimierz (Kraków) 180,211-13,242-4 Oriental comparisons 234—5 Vilnius 179-81,190-2 see also Josefov; Lublin, Podzamcze Jogaila 170,174,220 Johnson, Peter 119,120-2,128 Josefov 249,256 decline in 19th-century 250,255 demolition 250-1,253,257 images in fiction and film 252—3,255-6 Old Jewish Cemetery 249-50,251, 252-4,255 redevelopment 251-2,253-4 324
INDEX Kaczerginski, Shmerke 191 Kaczyński, Lech ЗО Kaliski, Emil 97 Kampf, Alfred 162 Kandinsky, Wassily 149 Kassel 263-5 Katyn massacres 52,53 Kaunas 172,174,185 Kazimierz (Krakow) 180,211-13,242-4 Kerndter, Leonhard 160-2,163 Khrushchev, Nikita 46 Kielce pogrom 71,231 Knell, Hermann 114,115-18,119,129-30 Knobloch, Charlotte 211 Knoll, Eduard 203-4 Koshar, Rudy 266 Kozlowska-Dechnik, Izabela 239-40,243, 244 Kraft durch Freude (KdF) 151-2 Krajewski, Marek 194 Krakow 171,220 capital city 15,46 Market Square 15, 74,283 Second World War 23,33,46 tourism 278,282-3 Wawel Castle 81-2,242 see also Kazimierz Kuhn, Rudolf Edwin 135,137 Lächert, Bogdan 207-8 Landsbergis-Žemkalnis, Vytautas 174,175, 185 Lauterbach, Tobias 163 Le Corbusier 247,248 Lehrer, Erica 243 Lerner, Nora 211-13 Lessing, Theodor 281-2 Lichey, Hermann 141 Lill, Georg 157,158-9 Lithuania Christianization 170 independent state 1918-40 17-18,152, 172-4 independent state from 1990 175-6 Soviet republic 173,187,196 see also Polish-Lithuanian Republic Little Insurgent (Mały Powstaniec) statue 278 Lorentz, Stanislaw 29,38,41,108 Lübbecke, Fried 268 Lübeck 113,123-5,145 Lublin castle 217,220,223,224,225 Jewish communities 220-1,229,231, 239-40 Majdanek camp 221,228,242 1719 fire 280 Union of Lublin 15,220,280-1 Lublin, Old Town 5,217,220,221, 279-81 kebab restaurant 238,243,281 living conditions 226-8,241 Market Square 220,221,225-6,237, 238,279-80 1954 works 223-6 ‘Patriotic Shop’ 237-8,243,280,281 post-communist regeneration 236-7 see also Brama Grodzka building; Brama Grodzka centre; Mandragora restaurant Lublin,
Podzamcze (Jewish Town) 217, 220-1,229 destruction 222,224-5 ghetto 219,221,240 memories of 230,233-5 People’s Gathering Place 224,225,228 post-war redevelopment 222-5 Lviv 96,97,179,219,282 Łódź 46 Majchrzak, Kazimiera 63-5 Malraux, André 11 Mandelsberg, Bela 241-2 Mandragora restaurant 238-40,241-2, 243-4,279,281 McCloy, John J. 144—6,267 Meyrink, Gustav 255 Middle Europe meaning 10 Miechowski, Zygmunt 38-9 Mieszko I 69 Miłosz, Czesław 177-8,179 Мої Ver (Moyshe Vorobeychik) 180 monuments, intentional and unintentional 79-80,102,191 Morelowski, Marian 100,175,186 Munich 211 Museum of Old Warsaw 19,29,38,60—1, 64,94,103 Mussolini, Benito 84,173 National Democracy 18,68,69 National-Radicals 49-51,57,75 nationalism 8,10,162,193,267 communist incorporation of 69-70, 90-1,187,195,243-4,267-8 325
INDEX communist tensions around 73-4,106-7, 212 Polish 18,49-51,52,57,69-70,75,243 Nazi buildings and urban spaces 31,132, 173,262 NKVD 44,48,52,55,183 NN child 217-20,244 Notre-Dame de Paris 78 Nowa Huta 74 Nuremberg 153,156 trials 64 Nysa 99 Obama, Barack 212 Old Towns, 19th-century decline 16,250, 264 Old Towns, 1900-1939 conditions 19,77,217,221,261-2,264, 279 conservation 16-17,158,256,264,266 and modernisation 247-9,256-7 redevelopment 76-8, 80,100,125-6, 250-4,262,264 reputations 108,261-2 Rothenburg ob der Tauber 146-54,158, 159 Vilnius 179-81,234 Old Towns in 21st century 6-9,188-9, 277-83 Jewish memory and images 191-2, 201-2,209,232-3,238-40,279-80 Lublin 236-40,244,279-82 Vilnius 176-7,178,191-2,196-7 Old Towns as universal heritage 79,124, 145,149-50,248,268 Operation Vistula 70-1 Or-Ot (Artur Oppmann) 17 Overy, Richard 120,127 Pabst, Friedrich 30-1,32,131 Pforzheim 126-7 Piasts 69,95,97-8 Piechotka, Kazimierz Maciej 55 wartime activities 22,23-4,33-4,36-7, 39 Piechotka, Maria 21,207 wartime activities 20,33,35,37,39 Piechotka, Maria and Kazimierz 37,42, 56-7,105 synagogue studies 205-7 Pietrasiewicz, Tomasz 219,228-9,236, 244,281 Pilsudski, Józef 17-18,49,69,172-3,174 Pinocchio 155 Piotrowski, Roman 72,85,89 Podkowa Leśna 40,43,58,59 Pogranicze (Borderland Foundation) 302n24 Poland Christianization 69, 98 minorities 17-18,68,70-1 partitions 16,90,93,98,171 Piast historical narrative 69,97-8 Recovered Lands 69-71,74,91,94-5,97 Second Republic 17,19 Second World War underground state 11,23-4,32,34,55,67-8,181 see also Piasts; Polish communist regime; Polish-
Lithuanian Republic POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews 207 Polinski, Jan 57,75 Polish communist regime 67-71, 87, 104-5,106,222-3,227 internal power struggles 74,84,212 policy shifts 92,109,226 see also architects, Polish; Armia Krajowa; nationalism Polish School of Architecture (University of Liverpool) 25,56,75 Polish-Lithuanian Republic (Commonwealth) 15-16,17,178,188, 220,238 culture represented by Warsaw buildings 98,101 préfiguration of European Union 280-1 see also Poland, partitions population replacement 9,70-1,96,169, 183-4,196 Praesens 72, 75 Prague conservation movement 250-1,254-5, 256,257 Old Town 250-1,256-7 Wenceslas Square 256,257 see also Josefov preservation see conservation principles Protocols ofthe Elders ofZion 253 Rabbi Loew (Judah Loew ben Bezalel) 255 RAF (Royal Air Force) see under bombing campaigns reconstruction principles see conservation principles Reims, cathedral 81 326
INDEX Retcliffe, Sir John (Hermann Goedsche, pseud.) 253 Richter, Max 267 Riegl, Alois 79 Riehl, Wilhelm Heinrich 146-7 Riemenschneider, Tilman 157 Robinsons (Warsaw) 41,66-7 Rokossovsky, Konstantin 86 Rome 84 Rostock 124 Rothenburg ob der Tauber bombing raid 142-4,156 Heimat 148,159 images 144,149,150-1,155,161,163-4 international attraction 144,146, 149-50,155,161,163-4 Jewish history and sites 153-4,201-4, 209 Meistertrunk 148,160 Nazi period 151-4,159,161-2,202-3 negotiated troop withdrawal 141-2, 144-6 postwar demolition 164—5 postwar reconstruction 157-61,163 tourism 146-50,158,160-1,204 Ruskin, John 78-9,81 Russia see Poland, partitions; Ukraine, 2022 invasion by Sandomierz 232-3 Schmidt, Friedrich 162 Schweinfurt 118 Sebald, Winfried Georg 128 Shackleton, Robert 150,156,158 Sigalin, Grzegorz 52,53 Sigalin, Józef 56-7,87-8 as communist 47,51,53-4,57 1939-1944 52-3 Polish identity, sense of 47,49,51,90 reconstruction of Warsaw 43-8,55, 85, 87-91 Warsaw Old Town 67,103,109-10 Sigalin, Roman 52,53 Sitte, Camillo 251-2 Skalimowski, Andrzej 52 Skilton,John Davis 135-7,145 Smetona, Antanas 173 socialist realism 73-4,107,208,224 Sosnowski, Oskar 21,27,39,110,205 Soviet Union and Lithuania 173,181,187 and Poland 68-9,70,86, 89-90,96 Second World War 21,23,34,42,52 Speer, Albert 132 Spychalski, Marian 44—5,46-8,53,73, 74-5, 84 Stalin, Joseph 46,53,206,208 Stalinism 66,68, 87,109,206,222 Stanislaw August Poniatowski 101 Stefan Batory 184 Stein, Rudolf 100 Steinhaus, Hugo 97 Stella, Frank 206 Stolpersteine 209-13,229,277 Stosberg, Hans 27-8,263 Sutzkever, Abraham 191 Syrkus,
Helena 75-6 szaber 45,59,96-7,99 Szyszko-Bohusz, Adolf 82 Swiderska, Kazimiera, and Swiderski, Leszek 38 Tallinn 124,188-90 Teatr NN see Brama Grodzka centre Tenggren, Gustaf 155 Teutonic Knights 189,238 Thum, Gregor 96 Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista 135 Tilly, Count of (Johann Tserclaes) 148,160 Toruń 2-3 Trüby, Stephan 271-2 Tusk, Donald 194-5 Ukraine, 2022 invasion by Russia 4,7,8, 282-3 Ukrainians 17,70,176 Unbehauen, Ernst 154,162,202 UNESCO heritage lists 79-80,124,148 Union of Lublin 15,220,280-1 Unwin, Raymond 149 urban planning 149,224,228 and conservationists 85-6, 88-9, 91 and Old Towns 86,186-7,247-8, 250-2,256,264-70,279 post-war reconstruction 72, 88-9,186, 207,266-7 Venclova, Tomas 178,185 Vilnius Aušros vartai (Gate of Dawn) 177,182, 219,299n30 castle complex 169-71,177 cathedral 170,171,187 cathedral area 171-5 First World War 172,180,234 327
INDEX Grand Dukes’Palace 172,175-6 Iron Wolf legend 169,170-1 since 1990 175-6,190-2,195-6 Polish heritage 186,188,192-3,195-6 population replacement 179,183-6,196 Second World War 173,181-3,186 Soviet periods 173,183-8,190 Vilnius, Old Town baroque architecture 177-8,187-8 churches 170,177,187-8 courtyards 197 Ghetto Library 191-2,201,208,279 Jewish quarter 179-81,190-2,234 population (2000s) 186 Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène 78 Vogtman, Józef 85 Vorobeychik, Moyshe 180 Vytautas the Great 174,177 Warburg, Eric 125,145 Warsaw 15-16,18,213 1945 41,44-5,47-8,59-60,62,65 destruction after 1944 Uprising 39-40 destruction estimates 61-2 East-West Route 64, 85-7, 88-90,91 German occupation before 1944 Uprising 21,23,27-33 Ghetto 31,62,63,108-9,207,209 Ghetto Uprising (1943) 31,62,222 Jewish district 207-9 Nazi plans for 27-8,30—1,32,33,131 post-war reconstruction 43-8,54,67, 74-5, 84-92,94,101 Six-Year Plan for the Reconstruction of the Capital 74-5,82 Warsaw, Castle Square 4, 86,89,101,103, 104 see also Zygmunt s Column Warsaw, Old Town 4-5,10-11,268,277-8 cathedral 105-6 key element in post-war reconstruction 3-4,44,47,67,76-7, 85 1945-7 41,46,60-1,63-7 reconstruction proposals and works 82-3,94,99,102-10,134 walls 19,60-1,77-8, 80,82-4,102, 109-10 see also Warsaw Uprising Warsaw, Old Town Market Square (Rynek) 15,16-17,19,29,79,187 1945 60-1 post-war reconstruction 67, 75,85,94, 102-5,107-8,227 see also Baryczka house; Museum of Old Warsaw Warsaw Polytechnic (Politechnika Warszawska) see Faculty of Architecture Warsaw, Royal Castle 15,82,85,101 post-war reconstruction 54,86,89-93
Second World War 21,22,28,30, 38,40 symbolism 4,28,30,177 Warsaw Uprising (1944) 4,33-9,56 Little Insurgent (Mały Powstaniec) statue 278 Old Town 4,30,35-9,41,63,87,107 Wegener, Paul 255 Weinreich, Max 180 Western Thought 69-70 Wilder, Thornton 266 Władysław II Jagiełło see Jogaila Wolfschlag, Claus 272 Wroclaw German history 95,98-9,100,194,195, 272-3 Old Town 40,95,98 Polish identity claims 97-8,99-100,188 population replacement 96-7,196 post-war conditions 95-7 reconstruction 100 Second World War 40, 95-6 Warsaw, building materials sent to 94—5, 98-9 Würzburg bombing raids 113-17,118-19,121-3, 127,129-30 Jewish communities 118,202,277 Nazi redevelopment plans 27,132-3 post-war reconstruction 133-4,138, 157 Residenz 134—7 St Kilians Cathedral 137-8 Wyporek, Bogdan 58 Wyszyński, Stefan 98,231 YIVO 180 Yung Vilne 180,191 Zachwatowicz, Jan 86,87-8,106,134,205 and communist regime 54,56-7,72, 83-4 conservation principles 78,80-3,105, 110 Warsaw reconstruction 42-6,54,55, 56-7,72,88,91 328
INDEX wartime activities 21-2,26-7,37-8, 40-1,55 Zachwatowicz, Jan, and Warsaw Old Town cathedral 105-6 Museum of Old Warsaw 19,60—1 1930s works 19,60-1, 76-8, 80, 82,83 reconstruction visions 76-7,82-3 reconstruction works 85,102,103-4, 105-6,110 walls 19,61,77-8,80,82,83,109-10 Zajczyk, Szymon 205 Zubrzycki, Geneviève 242-3 Zygmunt III Waza 15,81-2 Zygmunts Column 45,54,79, 85, 89, 91 Żeromska, Monika 107 329 Հ----------------- x Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Kohn, Marek |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1220809012 |
| author_facet | Kohn, Marek |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kohn, Marek |
| author_variant | m k mk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048528073 |
| classification_rvk | NR 1800 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1378499158 (DE-599)BVBBV048528073 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1945-2023 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1945-2023 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV048528073</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20240115</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t|</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">221024s2023 xx a||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780300267846</subfield><subfield code="q">hbk.</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-300-26784-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">0300267843</subfield><subfield code="q">hbk.</subfield><subfield code="9">0-300-26784-3</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1378499158</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV048528073</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-11</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-255</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">HIST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">NR 1800</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)129177:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">266000 Rothenburg <Tauber>*by*mf*uf</subfield><subfield code="2">sbb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">266000 Würzburg*by*uf</subfield><subfield code="2">sbb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kohn, Marek</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1220809012</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">The stories old towns tell</subfield><subfield code="b">a journey through cities at the heart of Europe</subfield><subfield code="c">Marek Kohn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">New Haven ; London</subfield><subfield code="b">Yale University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">[2023]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">© 2023</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">x, 329 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen, Karte</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Historic quarters in cities and towns across the middle of Europe were devastated during the Second World War—some, like those of Warsaw and Frankfurt, had to be rebuilt almost completely. They are now centers of peace and civility that attract millions of tourists, but the stories they tell about places, peoples, and nations are selective. They are never the whole story. These old towns and their turbulent histories have been key sites in Europe’s ongoing theater of politics and war. Exploring seven old towns, from Frankfurt and Prague to Vilnius in Lithuania, the acclaimed writer Marek Kohn examines how they have been used since the Second World War to conceal political tensions and reinforce certain versions of history. 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| geographic | Würzburg (DE-588)4067037-5 gnd Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd Vilnius (DE-588)5057560-0 gnd Warschau (DE-588)4079048-4 gnd Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd Mitteleuropa (DE-588)4039677-0 gnd Rothenburg ob der Tauber (DE-588)4050698-8 gnd Lublin (DE-588)4036418-5 gnd Frankfurt am Main (DE-588)4018118-2 gnd Prag (DE-588)4076310-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Würzburg Osteuropa Deutschland Vilnius Warschau Europa Mitteleuropa Rothenburg ob der Tauber Lublin Frankfurt am Main Prag |
| id | DE-604.BV048528073 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T20:51:32Z |
| indexdate | 2024-12-13T09:04:14Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780300267846 0300267843 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033904848 |
| oclc_num | 1378499158 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-12 DE-255 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-12 DE-255 |
| physical | x, 329 Seiten Illustrationen, Karte |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20230803 DHB_BSB_FID |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Yale University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kohn, Marek Verfasser (DE-588)1220809012 aut The stories old towns tell a journey through cities at the heart of Europe Marek Kohn New Haven ; London Yale University Press [2023] © 2023 x, 329 Seiten Illustrationen, Karte txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Historic quarters in cities and towns across the middle of Europe were devastated during the Second World War—some, like those of Warsaw and Frankfurt, had to be rebuilt almost completely. They are now centers of peace and civility that attract millions of tourists, but the stories they tell about places, peoples, and nations are selective. They are never the whole story. These old towns and their turbulent histories have been key sites in Europe’s ongoing theater of politics and war. Exploring seven old towns, from Frankfurt and Prague to Vilnius in Lithuania, the acclaimed writer Marek Kohn examines how they have been used since the Second World War to conceal political tensions and reinforce certain versions of history. Uncovering hidden stories behind these old and old-seeming façades, Kohn offers us a new understanding of the politics of European history-making—showing how our visits to old towns could promote belonging over exclusion, and empathy over indifference Geschichte 1945-2023 gnd rswk-swf Zerstörung (DE-588)4222882-7 gnd rswk-swf Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd rswk-swf Friedenspolitik (DE-588)4155441-3 gnd rswk-swf Wiederaufbau (DE-588)4065958-6 gnd rswk-swf Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd rswk-swf Würzburg (DE-588)4067037-5 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd rswk-swf Vilnius (DE-588)5057560-0 gnd rswk-swf Warschau (DE-588)4079048-4 gnd rswk-swf Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd rswk-swf Mitteleuropa (DE-588)4039677-0 gnd rswk-swf Rothenburg ob der Tauber (DE-588)4050698-8 gnd rswk-swf Lublin (DE-588)4036418-5 gnd rswk-swf Frankfurt am Main (DE-588)4018118-2 gnd rswk-swf Prag (DE-588)4076310-9 gnd rswk-swf Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 g Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 g Mitteleuropa (DE-588)4039677-0 g Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 g Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 s Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 s Zerstörung (DE-588)4222882-7 s Wiederaufbau (DE-588)4065958-6 s Friedenspolitik (DE-588)4155441-3 s Geschichte 1945-2023 z DE-604 Warschau (DE-588)4079048-4 g Würzburg (DE-588)4067037-5 g Rothenburg ob der Tauber (DE-588)4050698-8 g Lublin (DE-588)4036418-5 g Vilnius (DE-588)5057560-0 g Prag (DE-588)4076310-9 g Frankfurt am Main (DE-588)4018118-2 g Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033904848&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033904848&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033904848&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Kohn, Marek The stories old towns tell a journey through cities at the heart of Europe Zerstörung (DE-588)4222882-7 gnd Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd Friedenspolitik (DE-588)4155441-3 gnd Wiederaufbau (DE-588)4065958-6 gnd Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4222882-7 (DE-588)4056723-0 (DE-588)4155441-3 (DE-588)4065958-6 (DE-588)4079167-1 (DE-588)4067037-5 (DE-588)4075739-0 (DE-588)4011882-4 (DE-588)5057560-0 (DE-588)4079048-4 (DE-588)4015701-5 (DE-588)4039677-0 (DE-588)4050698-8 (DE-588)4036418-5 (DE-588)4018118-2 (DE-588)4076310-9 |
| title | The stories old towns tell a journey through cities at the heart of Europe |
| title_auth | The stories old towns tell a journey through cities at the heart of Europe |
| title_exact_search | The stories old towns tell a journey through cities at the heart of Europe |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The stories old towns tell a journey through cities at the heart of Europe |
| title_full | The stories old towns tell a journey through cities at the heart of Europe Marek Kohn |
| title_fullStr | The stories old towns tell a journey through cities at the heart of Europe Marek Kohn |
| title_full_unstemmed | The stories old towns tell a journey through cities at the heart of Europe Marek Kohn |
| title_short | The stories old towns tell |
| title_sort | the stories old towns tell a journey through cities at the heart of europe |
| title_sub | a journey through cities at the heart of Europe |
| topic | Zerstörung (DE-588)4222882-7 gnd Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd Friedenspolitik (DE-588)4155441-3 gnd Wiederaufbau (DE-588)4065958-6 gnd Zweiter Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079167-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Zerstörung Stadt Friedenspolitik Wiederaufbau Zweiter Weltkrieg Würzburg Osteuropa Deutschland Vilnius Warschau Europa Mitteleuropa Rothenburg ob der Tauber Lublin Frankfurt am Main Prag |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033904848&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033904848&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033904848&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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