Economic inequality and poverty: facts, methods, and policies
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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Oxford
Oxford University Press
[2022]
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | xvi, 516 Seiten Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9780198852841 |
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| adam_text | Contents Preface List of Figures List of Tables List ofAbbreviations 1. Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 Scope and Limitations Theories of Size Distribution of Income: A Brief Review Lorenz Curve and Its Variants Social Welfare Ranking of Income Distribution Measures of Income Inequality Identification of the Poor Aggregate Poverty Measures Multidimensional Poverty Relationships among the Distributions of Economic Variables Application of Concentration Curves to Economic Analysis Tax Progressivity and Redistributive Effect of Taxation Normative Measures of Tax Progressivity and Redistributive Effects Negative Income Tax Plans Social Welfare Programs Social Price Indices and Inequality Impact of Prices on Poverty Economic Growth and Poverty Pro-Poor Growth and Poverty Reduction Summarizing the Main Contributions of the Book 2. Income Distributions 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 Introduction Basic Concepts of Income Distribution Functions Normal Distribution The Pareto Law Generation of Income Distribution: Champernownes Model The Pareto-Levy Law Family of Distribution Functions Satisfying the Weak Pareto Law Champernownes Distribution Laws of Income Distribution Violating the Weak Pareto Law Concluding Remarks 3. The Lorenz Curve and Its Variants 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Introduction Definition of the Lorenz Curve Lorenz Curve for Well-Known Distribution Functions Direct Approaches to Specifying the Lorenz Curve xi xiii xiv xvii 1 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 15 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 26 27 27 27 29 30 33 36 37 39 40
43 44 44 45 48 52
vi CONTENTS 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 Some Useful Lemmas Symmetric Lorenz Curve Economic Development and Skewness of the Lorenz Curve Intercountry Comparison of Skewness of Lorenz Curve Relative and Absolute Inequality Variants of the Lorenz Curve Comparison of Inequality: China versus India Concluding Remarks 4. Welfare Ranking of Income Distributions 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 Introduction Some Useful Definitions Individual Welfare Social Welfare Function Utilitarian Social Welfare Function Atkinsons Theorem Generalized Lorenz Curve Welfare Ranking and Utilitarian Social Welfare Function Some Implications of the Theorems Abba Lerner’s Probabilistic Social Welfare Functions A Further Generalization of the Theorems Stochastic Dominance An Illustration Using Lao PDR Data Concluding Remarks 5. Measurement of Income Inequality 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Axioms of Inequality Comparison 5.3 Gini Index and Relative Mean Difference 5.4 Information Measures of Inequality 5.5 Discomposability and Subgroup Consistency 5.6 Normative Measures of Inequality 5.7 Atkinsons Inequality Measures 5.8 General Social Welfare Framework for Income Inequality 5.9 Social Welfare Implications of the Gini Index 5.10 Is the Gini Index Decomposable and Subgroup Consistent? 5.11 Generalized Gini Index 5.12 Trends in Inequality in China 5.13 Polarization 5.14 Size and Share of the Middle Class in China 5.15 Concluding Remarks 6. Specifying Poverty Lines 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 Introduction Absolute versus Relative Poverty Lines A New Model of Specifying Absolute
Poverty Thresholds Food Poverty Line Non-Food Poverty Line Economies of Scale in Non-food Expenditure Updating the Poverty Line 54 55 59 61 64 66 71 73 76 76 77 79 80 81 82 84 85 88 89 90 92 93 95 97 97 99 104 106 108 109 111 113 114 118 122 125 127 134 135 138 138 139 141 144 146 147 149
CONTENTS 6.8 Development of Poverty Lines for Pakistan: A Case Study 6.9 International Poverty Line 6.10 Concluding Remarks 7. Poverty Measures 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 Introduction Head-Count Ratio: A Popular Measure of Poverty Poverty Gap Ratio A Social Welfare Framework of Poverty Measures Sens Relative Poverty Measure Sens Absolute Measure of Poverty Variants of Sens Poverty Measures Troublesome Axiom of Income Transfers Monotonicity and Transfer-Sensitivity Axioms A General Class of Poverty Measures Particular Cases ofthe General Class of Poverty Measures Utilitarian Social Welfare Functions Particular Cases of the General Utilitarian Poverty Measures Total Social Cost of Poverty (TSCP) for Utilitarian Social Welfare Functions Decomposable Poverty Indices and Subgroup Consistency Decomposability of Sens Generalized Poverty Measures Application to China, 1988-2018 Concluding Remarks 8. Multidimensional Poverty Introduction Unresolved Issues Global Multidimensional Poverty Index An Alternative Approach to Multidimensional Poverty Union or Interaction Approaches to Identifying the Poor A New Method of Measuring Multidimensional Poverty Multidimensional Poverty in Brazilian Municipalities: A Case Study 8.8 Concluding Remarks 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 9. Concentration Curves 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 Introduction Derivation of Concentration Curves The Concentration Curve for Well-Known Income Distributions Relationships between Elasticity and Concentration Curves Concentration Index of a Function Relative
Concentration Curve and Index Generalization of Social Welfare Functions Aggregate Elasticity Concluding Remarks 10. Applications of Concentration Curves to Economic Analysis 10.1 Introduction Vii 150 158 162 166 166 167 168 171 172 174 175 179 181 183 184 187 189 191 193 195 196 199 202 202 203 207 211 212 213 218 222 225 225 225 227 229 234 238 239 240 243 244 244
viii CONTENTS 10.2 The Engel Curve 10.3 Consumption and Saving Functions 10.4 The Stiglitz Model of Distribution of Income and Wealth among Individuals 10.5 Employment-Growth Elasticity 10.6 Application of Employment-Growth Elasticity to Brazil 10.7 Income Inequality by Factor Components 10.8 A Dynamic Decomposition of Inequality 10.9 Inequity in Opportunity 10.10 Opportunities in Education and Health in Indonesia 10.11 Concluding Remarks 11. Tax Progressivity and Redistribution Effect of Taxes 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Equity Axioms 11.3 Linkage between Tax Elasticity and Equity Axioms 11.4 Four Alternative Definitions of Tax Progressivity 11.5 Relative and Absolute Measures of Tax Progressivity 11.6 The Kakwani Index of Tax Progressivity and Its Variants 11.7 A Tax Progressivity Decomposition 11.8 The Suits Tax Progressivity Measure 11.9 Horizontal and Vertical Equity 11.10 A Hypothetical Example 11.11 Violation of Equity Axioms 11.12 An International Comparison of Inequities in Taxation 11.13 Income Tax Discrimination 11.14 Is There Discrimination in Australian Income Tax? 11.15 Relief Package in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic 11.16 An Illustration of Welfare Loss Due to Discrimination Using Brazilian Data 11.17 Concluding Remarks 12. Normative Measures of Tax Progressivity 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Relative and Absolute Measures of Tax Progressivity 12.3 Additive Separable and Rank Order Social Welfare Functions 12.4 Horizontal Inequity and Rank Change 12.5 Social Welfare Framework for Measuring Tax Progressivity 12.6 Redistributive Effect of Taxation A General Class of the
Gini Social Welfare Functions A Class of Atkinson and Kolm Social Welfare Functions Welfare Interpretation of Suits’Measure of Tax Progressivity A New Progressivity Index Based on the Bonferroni Social Welfare Function 12.11 International Comparison of Tax Progressivity 12.12 Concluding Remarks 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10 13. Negative Income Tax Plans 13.1 Introduction 13.2 A General Framework of Income Tax Plans 244 247 249 253 257 259 262 263 265 267 271 271 273 274 275 276 277 279 282 283 287 288 290 291 295 296 298 300 302 302 303 304 306 310 312 314 317 320 322 324 335 337 337 338
CONTENTS 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 Alternative Negative Income Tax Plans Progressivity of Negative Income Tax Plans Redistributive Impacts of Negative Income Tax A Numerical Illustration Using US data Concluding Remarks ІХ 340 342 345 348 353 Targeting Tools to Evaluate Social Programs 355 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 355 356 356 359 360 Introduction Targeting Indicators Poverty Status and Selection of Beneficiaries Beneficiary Incidence Benefit Incidence Universal Basic Income (UBI) Perfect Targeting The Social Rate of Return (SRR) Operationalizing Social Rate of Return Chinas Dibao Program Evaluation Methodology Evaluation of the Dibao, 2013 Impact of the Dibao on Poverty Reduction Social Rate of Return for the Dibao Concluding Remarks 361 361 362 366 372 373 375 378 380 382 Social Price Indices and Inequality 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Individual Price Indices 15.3 Social Price Indices 15.4 Social Expenditure Function 15.5 Class of Atkinsons Social Expenditure Functions 15.6 Class of Interdependent Social Expenditure Functions 15.7 Impact of Price Change on Inequality 15.8 Social Price Indices: A Case Study of Thailand 15.9 A Comparison with South Korea 15.10 Concluding Remarks 384 384 Poverty Price Indices 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Price Elasticity of Individual Money Metric Utility 16.3 Price Elasticity of Poverty 16.4 Measuring the Impact of Prices on Poverty 16.5 Price Index for the Poor 16.6 A Case Study for Brazil 16.7 Concluding Remarks 405 Economic Growth and Poverty 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Three Alternative Measures of
Economic Growth 17.3 Growth Elasticity of Poverty: Cross-Country Regressions 17.4 Linkage between Poverty, Economic Growth, and Income Inequality: A Non-Parametric Approach 420 385 387 390 392 394 396 397 401 403 405 406 407 410 412 413 418 420 421 425 427
X CONTENTS 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.9 17.10 17.11 Growth Elasticity of Poverty Measures Inequality Elasticity of Poverty Trade-off between Economic Growth and Income Inequality Sectoral Growth and Poverty Kakwanis Poverty Decomposition A Case Study of China Concluding Remarks 18. Pro-Poor Growth 18.1 Introduction 18.2 What Is Pro-Poor Growth? 18.3 Stochastic Dominance and Pro-Poor Growth 18.4 Relative Poverty Growth Curve for Thailand, 1988-2000 18.5 An International Comparison of Pro-Poor Growth 18.6 Conceptual Framework for Full Approach 18.7 18.8 18.9 18.10 18.11 Poverty Equivalent Growth Rate (PEGR) Properties of the PEGR Operationalizing Pro-Poor Growth Rate Four Asian Case Studies Concluding Remarks References Name Index Subject Index 429 433 435 436 438 442 447 450 450 451 453 457 458 459 464 467 469 471 477 480 492 495
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Contents Preface List of Figures List of Tables List ofAbbreviations 1. Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 Scope and Limitations Theories of Size Distribution of Income: A Brief Review Lorenz Curve and Its Variants Social Welfare Ranking of Income Distribution Measures of Income Inequality Identification of the Poor Aggregate Poverty Measures Multidimensional Poverty Relationships among the Distributions of Economic Variables Application of Concentration Curves to Economic Analysis Tax Progressivity and Redistributive Effect of Taxation Normative Measures of Tax Progressivity and Redistributive Effects Negative Income Tax Plans Social Welfare Programs Social Price Indices and Inequality Impact of Prices on Poverty Economic Growth and Poverty Pro-Poor Growth and Poverty Reduction Summarizing the Main Contributions of the Book 2. Income Distributions 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 Introduction Basic Concepts of Income Distribution Functions Normal Distribution The Pareto Law Generation of Income Distribution: Champernownes Model The Pareto-Levy Law Family of Distribution Functions Satisfying the Weak Pareto Law Champernownes Distribution Laws of Income Distribution Violating the Weak Pareto Law Concluding Remarks 3. The Lorenz Curve and Its Variants 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Introduction Definition of the Lorenz Curve Lorenz Curve for Well-Known Distribution Functions Direct Approaches to Specifying the Lorenz Curve xi xiii xiv xvii 1 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 15 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 26 27 27 27 29 30 33 36 37 39 40
43 44 44 45 48 52
vi CONTENTS 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 Some Useful Lemmas Symmetric Lorenz Curve Economic Development and Skewness of the Lorenz Curve Intercountry Comparison of Skewness of Lorenz Curve Relative and Absolute Inequality Variants of the Lorenz Curve Comparison of Inequality: China versus India Concluding Remarks 4. Welfare Ranking of Income Distributions 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 Introduction Some Useful Definitions Individual Welfare Social Welfare Function Utilitarian Social Welfare Function Atkinsons Theorem Generalized Lorenz Curve Welfare Ranking and Utilitarian Social Welfare Function Some Implications of the Theorems Abba Lerner’s Probabilistic Social Welfare Functions A Further Generalization of the Theorems Stochastic Dominance An Illustration Using Lao PDR Data Concluding Remarks 5. Measurement of Income Inequality 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Axioms of Inequality Comparison 5.3 Gini Index and Relative Mean Difference 5.4 Information Measures of Inequality 5.5 Discomposability and Subgroup Consistency 5.6 Normative Measures of Inequality 5.7 Atkinsons Inequality Measures 5.8 General Social Welfare Framework for Income Inequality 5.9 Social Welfare Implications of the Gini Index 5.10 Is the Gini Index Decomposable and Subgroup Consistent? 5.11 Generalized Gini Index 5.12 Trends in Inequality in China 5.13 Polarization 5.14 Size and Share of the Middle Class in China 5.15 Concluding Remarks 6. Specifying Poverty Lines 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 Introduction Absolute versus Relative Poverty Lines A New Model of Specifying Absolute
Poverty Thresholds Food Poverty Line Non-Food Poverty Line Economies of Scale in Non-food Expenditure Updating the Poverty Line 54 55 59 61 64 66 71 73 76 76 77 79 80 81 82 84 85 88 89 90 92 93 95 97 97 99 104 106 108 109 111 113 114 118 122 125 127 134 135 138 138 139 141 144 146 147 149
CONTENTS 6.8 Development of Poverty Lines for Pakistan: A Case Study 6.9 International Poverty Line 6.10 Concluding Remarks 7. Poverty Measures 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 Introduction Head-Count Ratio: A Popular Measure of Poverty Poverty Gap Ratio A Social Welfare Framework of Poverty Measures Sens Relative Poverty Measure Sens Absolute Measure of Poverty Variants of Sens Poverty Measures Troublesome Axiom of Income Transfers Monotonicity and Transfer-Sensitivity Axioms A General Class of Poverty Measures Particular Cases ofthe General Class of Poverty Measures Utilitarian Social Welfare Functions Particular Cases of the General Utilitarian Poverty Measures Total Social Cost of Poverty (TSCP) for Utilitarian Social Welfare Functions Decomposable Poverty Indices and Subgroup Consistency Decomposability of Sens Generalized Poverty Measures Application to China, 1988-2018 Concluding Remarks 8. Multidimensional Poverty Introduction Unresolved Issues Global Multidimensional Poverty Index An Alternative Approach to Multidimensional Poverty Union or Interaction Approaches to Identifying the Poor A New Method of Measuring Multidimensional Poverty Multidimensional Poverty in Brazilian Municipalities: A Case Study 8.8 Concluding Remarks 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 9. Concentration Curves 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 Introduction Derivation of Concentration Curves The Concentration Curve for Well-Known Income Distributions Relationships between Elasticity and Concentration Curves Concentration Index of a Function Relative
Concentration Curve and Index Generalization of Social Welfare Functions Aggregate Elasticity Concluding Remarks 10. Applications of Concentration Curves to Economic Analysis 10.1 Introduction Vii 150 158 162 166 166 167 168 171 172 174 175 179 181 183 184 187 189 191 193 195 196 199 202 202 203 207 211 212 213 218 222 225 225 225 227 229 234 238 239 240 243 244 244
viii CONTENTS 10.2 The Engel Curve 10.3 Consumption and Saving Functions 10.4 The Stiglitz Model of Distribution of Income and Wealth among Individuals 10.5 Employment-Growth Elasticity 10.6 Application of Employment-Growth Elasticity to Brazil 10.7 Income Inequality by Factor Components 10.8 A Dynamic Decomposition of Inequality 10.9 Inequity in Opportunity 10.10 Opportunities in Education and Health in Indonesia 10.11 Concluding Remarks 11. Tax Progressivity and Redistribution Effect of Taxes 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Equity Axioms 11.3 Linkage between Tax Elasticity and Equity Axioms 11.4 Four Alternative Definitions of Tax Progressivity 11.5 Relative and Absolute Measures of Tax Progressivity 11.6 The Kakwani Index of Tax Progressivity and Its Variants 11.7 A Tax Progressivity Decomposition 11.8 The Suits Tax Progressivity Measure 11.9 Horizontal and Vertical Equity 11.10 A Hypothetical Example 11.11 Violation of Equity Axioms 11.12 An International Comparison of Inequities in Taxation 11.13 Income Tax Discrimination 11.14 Is There Discrimination in Australian Income Tax? 11.15 Relief Package in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic 11.16 An Illustration of Welfare Loss Due to Discrimination Using Brazilian Data 11.17 Concluding Remarks 12. Normative Measures of Tax Progressivity 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Relative and Absolute Measures of Tax Progressivity 12.3 Additive Separable and Rank Order Social Welfare Functions 12.4 Horizontal Inequity and Rank Change 12.5 Social Welfare Framework for Measuring Tax Progressivity 12.6 Redistributive Effect of Taxation A General Class of the
Gini Social Welfare Functions A Class of Atkinson and Kolm Social Welfare Functions Welfare Interpretation of Suits’Measure of Tax Progressivity A New Progressivity Index Based on the Bonferroni Social Welfare Function 12.11 International Comparison of Tax Progressivity 12.12 Concluding Remarks 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10 13. Negative Income Tax Plans 13.1 Introduction 13.2 A General Framework of Income Tax Plans 244 247 249 253 257 259 262 263 265 267 271 271 273 274 275 276 277 279 282 283 287 288 290 291 295 296 298 300 302 302 303 304 306 310 312 314 317 320 322 324 335 337 337 338
CONTENTS 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 Alternative Negative Income Tax Plans Progressivity of Negative Income Tax Plans Redistributive Impacts of Negative Income Tax A Numerical Illustration Using US data Concluding Remarks ІХ 340 342 345 348 353 Targeting Tools to Evaluate Social Programs 355 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 355 356 356 359 360 Introduction Targeting Indicators Poverty Status and Selection of Beneficiaries Beneficiary Incidence Benefit Incidence Universal Basic Income (UBI) Perfect Targeting The Social Rate of Return (SRR) Operationalizing Social Rate of Return Chinas Dibao Program Evaluation Methodology Evaluation of the Dibao, 2013 Impact of the Dibao on Poverty Reduction Social Rate of Return for the Dibao Concluding Remarks 361 361 362 366 372 373 375 378 380 382 Social Price Indices and Inequality 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Individual Price Indices 15.3 Social Price Indices 15.4 Social Expenditure Function 15.5 Class of Atkinsons Social Expenditure Functions 15.6 Class of Interdependent Social Expenditure Functions 15.7 Impact of Price Change on Inequality 15.8 Social Price Indices: A Case Study of Thailand 15.9 A Comparison with South Korea 15.10 Concluding Remarks 384 384 Poverty Price Indices 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Price Elasticity of Individual Money Metric Utility 16.3 Price Elasticity of Poverty 16.4 Measuring the Impact of Prices on Poverty 16.5 Price Index for the Poor 16.6 A Case Study for Brazil 16.7 Concluding Remarks 405 Economic Growth and Poverty 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Three Alternative Measures of
Economic Growth 17.3 Growth Elasticity of Poverty: Cross-Country Regressions 17.4 Linkage between Poverty, Economic Growth, and Income Inequality: A Non-Parametric Approach 420 385 387 390 392 394 396 397 401 403 405 406 407 410 412 413 418 420 421 425 427
X CONTENTS 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.9 17.10 17.11 Growth Elasticity of Poverty Measures Inequality Elasticity of Poverty Trade-off between Economic Growth and Income Inequality Sectoral Growth and Poverty Kakwanis Poverty Decomposition A Case Study of China Concluding Remarks 18. Pro-Poor Growth 18.1 Introduction 18.2 What Is Pro-Poor Growth? 18.3 Stochastic Dominance and Pro-Poor Growth 18.4 Relative Poverty Growth Curve for Thailand, 1988-2000 18.5 An International Comparison of Pro-Poor Growth 18.6 Conceptual Framework for Full Approach 18.7 18.8 18.9 18.10 18.11 Poverty Equivalent Growth Rate (PEGR) Properties of the PEGR Operationalizing Pro-Poor Growth Rate Four Asian Case Studies Concluding Remarks References Name Index Subject Index 429 433 435 436 438 442 447 450 450 451 453 457 458 459 464 467 469 471 477 480 492 495 |
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| id | DE-604.BV048492273 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T20:42:13Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:39:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780198852841 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033869716 |
| oclc_num | 1351545557 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-945 DE-188 DE-20 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-945 DE-188 DE-20 |
| physical | xvi, 516 Seiten Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kakwani, Nanak 1940- Verfasser (DE-588)134048504 aut Economic inequality and poverty facts, methods, and policies Nanak Kakwani, Hyun H. Son Oxford Oxford University Press [2022] © 2022 xvi, 516 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd rswk-swf Soziale Ungleichheit (DE-588)4055736-4 gnd rswk-swf Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd rswk-swf Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 s Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 s Soziale Ungleichheit (DE-588)4055736-4 s DE-604 Son, Hyun H. Verfasser (DE-588)171919033 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-78643-935-2 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033869716&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kakwani, Nanak 1940- Son, Hyun H. Economic inequality and poverty facts, methods, and policies Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd Soziale Ungleichheit (DE-588)4055736-4 gnd Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4002963-3 (DE-588)4055736-4 (DE-588)4013898-7 |
| title | Economic inequality and poverty facts, methods, and policies |
| title_auth | Economic inequality and poverty facts, methods, and policies |
| title_exact_search | Economic inequality and poverty facts, methods, and policies |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Economic inequality and poverty facts, methods, and policies |
| title_full | Economic inequality and poverty facts, methods, and policies Nanak Kakwani, Hyun H. Son |
| title_fullStr | Economic inequality and poverty facts, methods, and policies Nanak Kakwani, Hyun H. Son |
| title_full_unstemmed | Economic inequality and poverty facts, methods, and policies Nanak Kakwani, Hyun H. Son |
| title_short | Economic inequality and poverty |
| title_sort | economic inequality and poverty facts methods and policies |
| title_sub | facts, methods, and policies |
| topic | Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd Soziale Ungleichheit (DE-588)4055736-4 gnd Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Armut Soziale Ungleichheit Einkommensverteilung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033869716&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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