Illegal annexation and state continuity: the case of the incorporation of the Baltic states by the USSR
"This volume, now in its second and revised edition, deals with the legal status of the three Baltic States - Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania - as a consequence of the illegality of the Soviet annexation in 1940-1991. It offers a detailed historical overview of the Soviet takeover of the Baltic S...
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Leiden ; Boston
Brill Nijhoff
[2022]
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| Ausgabe: | Second revised edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | The Erik Castrén Institute monographs on international law and human rights
volume 20 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Personenregister Register // Sachregister |
| Zusammenfassung: | "This volume, now in its second and revised edition, deals with the legal status of the three Baltic States - Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania - as a consequence of the illegality of the Soviet annexation in 1940-1991. It offers a detailed historical overview of the Soviet takeover of the Baltic States in 1939/1940 and analysis of international law as it was in force, also regionally and bilaterally, at the time. It examines the role of the continuity of the diplomatic representations of the Baltic States and other manifestations of the Western non-recognition of the Soviet annexation. Moreover, the book examines the nature of the restoration of the Baltic States in 1991 based on their State continuity claim. It also studies in detail questions such as borders, citizenship and reparation claims, and asks to what extent State continuity could or could not be restored in practice. Compared to the first edition, the text has been updated (for example, on developments regarding border treaties) but also more background references have been added on the history of the Baltic States, Soviet and post-Soviet Russian responses to the continuity claim of the Baltic States, etc. The book interprets the Soviet annexation and Baltic States' continuity case against the wider backdrop of developments in international law in the 20th century and argues that the outcome reflected important normative developments in international law, away from mere effectivity. The case of the Baltic States will be relevant for current and future cases of illegal annexation, following the threat and use of military force prohibited under international law"-- |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 307 Seiten 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789004464889 |
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Contents Preface to the First Edition ix Preface to the Second Edition xi Acknowledgments xin Abbreviations xiv Introduction i PART I Ex Injuria lus Non Oritur i Illegal Annexation, State Continuity and Identity: Concepts and Controversies 11 i The Changing Status of Statehood in Contemporary International Law and Society: Starting Point for Analysis u շ Re-established States in the Practice of International Relations: Historical Perspective 12 3 State Continuity, Identity and Extinction in International Law Doctrine 16 4 Issues Raised in Legal Doctrine by World War π Annexation Cases 21 5 Implications of the Illegality of Annexation for State Personality 38 2 The Legal Status of the Baltic States in International Law after 1991: Claims and Responses 44 1 The Baltic Thesis 44 2 Responses to the Baltic Continuity Thesis in the Practice of the International Community 49 3 The Legal Status of the Baltic States: Views in the Legal Literature 65 3 The Baltic States Between 1940 and 1991: Illegality and/or Prescription 70 1 Introduction 70 2 The Illegality of Soviet Annexation 71
CONTENTS VI 3 4 4 Prescription and Soviet Rule in the Illegally Annexed Baltic States 93 Prescription? Conclusions 138 The Occupation’ of the Baltic States (1940-1991)? 140 1 The Baltic Thesis of Soviet Occupation (1940-1941,1944-1991) 2 Reception of the Baltic Thesis of Soviet Occupation’ 141 3 Development of the Concept of Occupation in International Law 143 4 An Evaluation of the Baltic Case: Fiction and Reality in Occupation Theory 156 5 Conclusion: The Baltic States 1940-1991, Continuity or Extinction? 163 140 PART II ExFactis Oritur lus 1 Introduction 172 5 Controversial Claims for Restoration of Legal Rights in the Baltic Case 174 1 The Prevailing Understanding of State Continuity in Doctrine 174 2 Special Circumstances in the Baltic Case 177 3 The Controversy about the Principle of Continuity of Citizenship and the Political Rights of Soviet Era Immigrants 179 4 Changes with Respect to State Territories: Border Disputes since Restoration of the Independence of the Baltic States 195 5 The Issue of State Responsibility for Injuries Caused During Illegal Soviet Annexation 206 6 General Conclusion from Practice: The Discrepancy between Status and Rights 216 6 State Continuity in Cases of Prolonged Illegal Annexation: Status and/ or Rights? 218 1 Introduction 218 2 Realist Critiques of International Law 219 3 The New Haven Approach and New Stream: Politics in International Law 227
CONTENTS 4 5 6 VII Doctrinal Proposal: Status Goes beyond Legal Rights and Duties 231 The Domestic Analogy of Restoration in the Baltic States: No restitutio in integrum 234 Conclusions 236 PART III Between Normativity and Power: The Implications of the Baltic Casefor International Law 7 The Baltic Case and Lessons from Other Cases 241 1 Introduction 241 2 Illegal Annexation and State Continuity 242 3 Departures from the Effectiveness Principle and Fear of Unfulfilled Fictions 257 4 Concluding Observations 264 Appendices 267 Bibliography 274 Index of Modern Authors Index of Subjects 306 304
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276 BIBLIOGRAPHY Cuthbertson LM., and J. Leibowitz (eds.), Minorities: The New Europe’s Old Issue, Prague etc: Open Society Press, 1993 Dahm, G., Völkerrecht, Band I, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1958 Dahm, G./J. Delbrück/R. Wolfrum, Völkerrecht, Bd. I/i, 2. Aufl., Berlin: de Gruyter, 1989 Daillier, P., A Pellet, Nguyen Quoc Dinh, Droit international public, 6ε edition, Paris: L.G.D.J, 1999 Darsow, T., Zum Wandel des Staatsbegriffs. Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Lehre und Praxis internationaler Organisationen, der Mikrostaaten und der Palästinensis chen Befreiungsorganisation (plo), Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1984 Debbasch, O., L’Occupation militaire. Pouvoirs reconnus auxforces armées hors de leur territoire national, Paris: R. Pichon et R. Durand-Auzias, 1962 Derrida, J., Positions, translated by Alan Bass, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972 Dinstein, Y., War, Aggression and Self-Defence, 2nd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994 Дипломатическая Академия МИД РФ et al. (соз.), Международное право, Издание 2Є, Москва: Международные Отношения, 1998 Документы внешней политики СССР, том. I, Москва, 1957 Doehring, К., Völkerrecht. Ein Lehrbuch, Heidelberg: C.F. Müller Verlag, 1999 Dugard, J., Recognition and the United Nations, Cambridge: Grotius Publications, 1987 Dunsdorfs, E., The Baltic Dilemma. The Case ofthe dejure Recognition by Australia ofthe Incorporation of the Baltic States into the Soviet Union, New York: Robert Speller Sons, Publishers, Inc, 1975 Duroselle, J.-В., Histoire diplomatique de 1919 à nos jours, 11e édition, Paris: Duroselle, 1993
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Index of Modem Authors Abi-Saab, Georges 151 Alexandrowicz, Charles, H. 34 Arangio-Ruiz, Gaetano 211,226 Aron, Raymond 3,143 Barsegov, Yuri 92,138-139 Benvenisti, Eyal 155,158 Berber, Friedrich 3 Bernhardt, Rudolf 26 Bindschedler, Rudolf 115 Bokor-Szegő, Hanna 55 Borbov, Roman 35,214 Bouvier, Antoine 151 Brownlie, Ian 22,29,176,237 Bühler, Konrad 25,248 Bull, Hedley 167,220 Cassese, Antonio 259 Chernichenko, Stanislav 189 Craven, Matthew 232 Crawford, James 8,22,24,27,42,175 Czapliński, Władysław 66 Degan, Vladimir-Djuro Derrida, Jacques 228 Dörr, Oliver 2,30 Duursmajorri 249 Escarameia, Paula 66 232 Fassbender, Bardo 210 Fastenrath, Ulrich 23,66,120,176 Fiedler, Wilfried 27,38,40 Franck, Thomas Μ. 4 Friedmann, Wolfgang 227 Frowein, Jochen Abraham 244 Huber, Max 77 Ilmjärv, Magnus 86 Ilves, Toomas Hendrik Jennings, Robert 32, 265 Keisen, Hans 18,21,36, 39, 206 Kennan, George 219 Kennedy, David 161 Kissinger, Henry 75 Koskenniemi, Martti 1,67,163-164,172,175, 219, 228-230 Krieger, Heike 136,166,245 Kunz, Josef 4 Laski, Piotr 97 Lasswell, Harold 228 Lauterpacht, Hersch 30,32, 96 Lehto, Maija 67,165 Loeber, Dietrich A., 216 Marek, Krystyna 4,22,24-27,38-39,44,71, 87,127,138,156,168,174-175,218,226, 230,232,246 Mattisen, Edgar 198 McDougal, Myres S. 228,248 Meissner, Boris 4,31, 71, 83-84,127,165 Meri, Lennart 44,131 Milano, Enrico 216 Moishes, Arkady 222 Morgenthau, Hans 167,217 Mutua, Makau 168 Müllerson, Rein 66,205, 216 Myrdal, Gunnar 5 Okafor, Obiora Chinedu Gowlland-Debbas, Vera 258 Grant, Thomas D. 256 Gray, Christine 67 Greenwood, Christopher 153 Grewe, Wilhelm 224,226
Henkin, Louis 3,259 Hough, WJ.A. 109 221 Prunskiene, Kazimiera Quigley, John 172,265 137 193 Radbruch, Gustav 168 Repečka, Juozas 71,76,84,165 Ress, Georg 37
305 INDEX OF MODERN AUTHORS Rich, Ronald 67 Roberts, Adam 143,145,149 Ross, Alf 146,162,231 Rorty, Richard 5 Rudolf, Walter 40 Salmonjean 176-177 Sarv, Enn 142,164 Sassòli, Marco 151 Scheuner, Ulrich 35-36,40 Schmitt, Carl 11 Shaw, Malcolm 223 Stern, Brigitte 58,231 Stoel, Max van der 192 Tomuschat, Christian 208,241,247 Touscozjean 176 Torrecuadrada, Soledad 66 Tunkin, Grigory 120 van Walt van Praag, Michael C. 263 Verdross, Alfred 4,27-28,35, 90 Verhoeven, Joe 25, 95,108,166,169 Verosta, Stephan 35 Visscher de, Charles 116 Žalimas, Dainius 90 Zakharova, Natalya 41-42,214 Žiemele, Ineta 245
Index of Subjects aggression 14,30,45,81-89,242 Albania 14,21,227 Algeria 15-16 annexation 13-14,20-21,28,31, 76,91,148,162 Argentina 124 Atlantic Charter (1941) no, из, 197 Australia 108 Austria 14-15,21-24,28,39,41-42,54,88,96, 100,113,121,149,193.233 Badinter Commission 260-261 balance of power 6 Baltic Legations 121-131 borders 195,223 Brazil 124,126 Canada 102 Chechnya 256-257 China 102,261-264 Citizens’ congresses of Estonia and Latvia 46,184-185 citizienship controversy in restored Estonia and Latvia 179,236 clausula rebus sic stantibus 204 clean slate 52 consent 86 Constitution, Estonia 46-47,128-129,185, 200,235 Constitution, Georgia 252 Constitution, Latvia 47,235 Constitution, Lithuania 48,235 Constitution, Russia (1993) 199 Constitution, Soviet Union (1977) 117-118 continuity of States 17,22-26,169,209,211 Council of Europe 141 cultural autonomy 180 Czechoslovakia 14,21,39,50,88, 96,113, 145-146 debt, Soviet Union 61 Decree on Peace (1917), Soviet Russia democracy 12,133-134 Denmark 88-89,102,113,145-146 deportations 181,233 91 East Timor 243-244 effectiveness 2,4,12,20,70,96,133,166, 216, 258,265 Ethiopia 13-14,21,100,227 European Parliament 142,182,264 exfactis oritur lus 4,162,164,192,205,217, 233,236,260,264 ex Injuria lus non oritur 4,38,164, 205, 217, 236,241,250,254,264 extinction of States 19, 23,39,42,169,210 Finland 54-55,72-74,105,134-135,225 forest brethren 136 France 16, 54,56-57,73,102,138,148, 19З-194 Friendly Relations Declaration of the UNGA Юб, 242, 244 Geneva Conventions (1949) 147,150,159160,185,245 Georgia 250-254 Germany
5-6,14-15,17,21,36-37,55,72, 75, 88,93,103,112,124,128,136,140,145, 148,160,178,197,210,215,225,231,233 government in exile 15,87,121,127 Greece 259-260 Hague Regulations (1907) 90,144,148,154, 156,158,175 209 Helsinki Final Act 106,115 human rights 52,133,190-191 Iceland 49 identity of States 17,22-26,41,51,163,169, 211 identity, constitutional 255 India 151-153 Indonesia 243-244 International Labour Organization 58 intertemporal law 77-78 Ireland 102 Iraq 245 Israel 186,244 Italy 55-56,148
307 INDEX OF SUBJECTS Japan 50,98-100,223 Jus cogens reversion to sovereignty 34, 67 revolution 87 right to self-determination 36,67,79, 93, 32 28-32,78,98 113-114,141 Kellogg-Briand Pact Kersten Committee 119,1ՅՅ. 138,180, 242,249 Romania 50,80,146,250 Korea 16 Kuwait 95,245,254 Russia League of Nations self-defense 5-7,19-20,59-64,177-179.195-215. 255-257 56-57,73,78,84,99,104, 180,261 League of Nations covenant 31,78,99 legal fiction 2,7, 20,24-27,37-38,41, 68-69, 156,169,190,216,226,246,253 Litvinov Protocol 80 Moldova, Republic of 250 Montevideo Convention 18,20,38, 40,165, 28 Somalia 247 South Africa 258-259 Southern Rhodesia 258 Soviet-German Non-Aggression Treaty (1939) 59,72,78,82,113,157,181 Soviet Socialist Republics 112,117, 247.2θ5 Netherlands 13,68,104 New Haven School 219, 248 New Stream 219,228 non-aggression pacts, Soviet 80-81 non-recognition 32-33,45, 97-117,242, 196-198 Soviet Union 5,15,36,45,52,72,82, 98,156, 182,225 Spain 104,124,127 statehood 17 State succession 17,23,195,211 State responsibility 7, 86,206-215,245 Stimson doctrine 98,105,141,220 245.258 Northern Cyprus Norway 54,129 259-260 Syria 24-25 Sweden 6,56,104,129,177 Switzerland 56-57,103,124 Nuremberg trials 29, 88-89,112. 150,155 occupatio quasi bellica 27, 90,145,147, 149,158 occupation 20,28,65,84-86,133,140-162,185 Palestine 67 peaceful change 225 Poland 13,36,50, 72,80,110,148,224, Tartu Peace Treaty of 1920 (Estonia-Soviet Russia) 79,196,198-200,205,249 Tibet 261-264 treaties, continuity of 51-54 Turkey 19,123,148,259 United Nations Organization 57,112,124, 141-142,153,189, ւ9շ,
195.210, շ45,262 UN Charter 29,79,94,116,243 UK 15,54,56,101,103,112,114-115,122-124 Uruguay 124 USA 15,49-50,65,98,101-102,107,120, 254-255 Portugal 12,151-153,243 postliminium 23,66 prescription 93-97,117,121-139,257 property rights, restoration of 235-236 122-127,132,141,244,262 realism 219,246 recogniton of States 17,22,24 re-eştablished States 12-13,33, 66 Vatican 102,126 Vilnius (Wilno) 202-203,224 reparations 211-215,222 restitutio in intregrum 174,206, 233-236, 241 restoration of independence 45,178,234,264 Welles, Sumner declaration Yalta conference (1945) ( Bayerische i Staatsbibliothek München к 101 110-111,220 |
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Contents Preface to the First Edition ix Preface to the Second Edition xi Acknowledgments xin Abbreviations xiv Introduction i PART I Ex Injuria lus Non Oritur i Illegal Annexation, State Continuity and Identity: Concepts and Controversies 11 i The Changing Status of Statehood in Contemporary International Law and Society: Starting Point for Analysis u շ Re-established States in the Practice of International Relations: Historical Perspective 12 3 State Continuity, Identity and Extinction in International Law Doctrine 16 4 Issues Raised in Legal Doctrine by World War π Annexation Cases 21 5 Implications of the Illegality of Annexation for State Personality 38 2 The Legal Status of the Baltic States in International Law after 1991: Claims and Responses 44 1 The Baltic Thesis 44 2 Responses to the Baltic Continuity Thesis in the Practice of the International Community 49 3 The Legal Status of the Baltic States: Views in the Legal Literature 65 3 The Baltic States Between 1940 and 1991: Illegality and/or Prescription 70 1 Introduction 70 2 The Illegality of Soviet Annexation 71
CONTENTS VI 3 4 4 Prescription and Soviet Rule in the Illegally Annexed Baltic States 93 Prescription? Conclusions 138 The Occupation’ of the Baltic States (1940-1991)? 140 1 The Baltic Thesis of Soviet Occupation (1940-1941,1944-1991) 2 Reception of the Baltic Thesis of Soviet Occupation’ 141 3 Development of the Concept of Occupation in International Law 143 4 An Evaluation of the Baltic Case: Fiction and Reality in Occupation Theory 156 5 Conclusion: The Baltic States 1940-1991, Continuity or Extinction? 163 140 PART II ExFactis Oritur lus 1 Introduction 172 5 Controversial Claims for Restoration of Legal Rights in the Baltic Case 174 1 The Prevailing Understanding of State Continuity in Doctrine 174 2 Special Circumstances in the Baltic Case 177 3 The Controversy about the Principle of Continuity of Citizenship and the Political Rights of Soviet Era Immigrants 179 4 Changes with Respect to State Territories: Border Disputes since Restoration of the Independence of the Baltic States 195 5 The Issue of State Responsibility for Injuries Caused During Illegal Soviet Annexation 206 6 General Conclusion from Practice: The Discrepancy between Status and Rights 216 6 State Continuity in Cases of Prolonged Illegal Annexation: Status and/ or Rights? 218 1 Introduction 218 2 Realist Critiques of International Law 219 3 The New Haven Approach and New Stream: Politics in International Law 227
CONTENTS 4 5 6 VII Doctrinal Proposal: Status Goes beyond Legal Rights and Duties 231 The Domestic Analogy of Restoration in the Baltic States: No restitutio in integrum 234 Conclusions 236 PART III Between Normativity and Power: The Implications of the Baltic Casefor International Law 7 The Baltic Case and Lessons from Other Cases 241 1 Introduction 241 2 Illegal Annexation and State Continuity 242 3 Departures from the Effectiveness Principle and Fear of Unfulfilled Fictions 257 4 Concluding Observations 264 Appendices 267 Bibliography 274 Index of Modern Authors Index of Subjects 306 304
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Index of Modem Authors Abi-Saab, Georges 151 Alexandrowicz, Charles, H. 34 Arangio-Ruiz, Gaetano 211,226 Aron, Raymond 3,143 Barsegov, Yuri 92,138-139 Benvenisti, Eyal 155,158 Berber, Friedrich 3 Bernhardt, Rudolf 26 Bindschedler, Rudolf 115 Bokor-Szegő, Hanna 55 Borbov, Roman 35,214 Bouvier, Antoine 151 Brownlie, Ian 22,29,176,237 Bühler, Konrad 25,248 Bull, Hedley 167,220 Cassese, Antonio 259 Chernichenko, Stanislav 189 Craven, Matthew 232 Crawford, James 8,22,24,27,42,175 Czapliński, Władysław 66 Degan, Vladimir-Djuro Derrida, Jacques 228 Dörr, Oliver 2,30 Duursmajorri 249 Escarameia, Paula 66 232 Fassbender, Bardo 210 Fastenrath, Ulrich 23,66,120,176 Fiedler, Wilfried 27,38,40 Franck, Thomas Μ. 4 Friedmann, Wolfgang 227 Frowein, Jochen Abraham 244 Huber, Max 77 Ilmjärv, Magnus 86 Ilves, Toomas Hendrik Jennings, Robert 32, 265 Keisen, Hans 18,21,36, 39, 206 Kennan, George 219 Kennedy, David 161 Kissinger, Henry 75 Koskenniemi, Martti 1,67,163-164,172,175, 219, 228-230 Krieger, Heike 136,166,245 Kunz, Josef 4 Laski, Piotr 97 Lasswell, Harold 228 Lauterpacht, Hersch 30,32, 96 Lehto, Maija 67,165 Loeber, Dietrich A., 216 Marek, Krystyna 4,22,24-27,38-39,44,71, 87,127,138,156,168,174-175,218,226, 230,232,246 Mattisen, Edgar 198 McDougal, Myres S. 228,248 Meissner, Boris 4,31, 71, 83-84,127,165 Meri, Lennart 44,131 Milano, Enrico 216 Moishes, Arkady 222 Morgenthau, Hans 167,217 Mutua, Makau 168 Müllerson, Rein 66,205, 216 Myrdal, Gunnar 5 Okafor, Obiora Chinedu Gowlland-Debbas, Vera 258 Grant, Thomas D. 256 Gray, Christine 67 Greenwood, Christopher 153 Grewe, Wilhelm 224,226
Henkin, Louis 3,259 Hough, WJ.A. 109 221 Prunskiene, Kazimiera Quigley, John 172,265 137 193 Radbruch, Gustav 168 Repečka, Juozas 71,76,84,165 Ress, Georg 37
305 INDEX OF MODERN AUTHORS Rich, Ronald 67 Roberts, Adam 143,145,149 Ross, Alf 146,162,231 Rorty, Richard 5 Rudolf, Walter 40 Salmonjean 176-177 Sarv, Enn 142,164 Sassòli, Marco 151 Scheuner, Ulrich 35-36,40 Schmitt, Carl 11 Shaw, Malcolm 223 Stern, Brigitte 58,231 Stoel, Max van der 192 Tomuschat, Christian 208,241,247 Touscozjean 176 Torrecuadrada, Soledad 66 Tunkin, Grigory 120 van Walt van Praag, Michael C. 263 Verdross, Alfred 4,27-28,35, 90 Verhoeven, Joe 25, 95,108,166,169 Verosta, Stephan 35 Visscher de, Charles 116 Žalimas, Dainius 90 Zakharova, Natalya 41-42,214 Žiemele, Ineta 245
Index of Subjects aggression 14,30,45,81-89,242 Albania 14,21,227 Algeria 15-16 annexation 13-14,20-21,28,31, 76,91,148,162 Argentina 124 Atlantic Charter (1941) no, из, 197 Australia 108 Austria 14-15,21-24,28,39,41-42,54,88,96, 100,113,121,149,193.233 Badinter Commission 260-261 balance of power 6 Baltic Legations 121-131 borders 195,223 Brazil 124,126 Canada 102 Chechnya 256-257 China 102,261-264 Citizens’ congresses of Estonia and Latvia 46,184-185 citizienship controversy in restored Estonia and Latvia 179,236 clausula rebus sic stantibus 204 clean slate 52 consent 86 Constitution, Estonia 46-47,128-129,185, 200,235 Constitution, Georgia 252 Constitution, Latvia 47,235 Constitution, Lithuania 48,235 Constitution, Russia (1993) 199 Constitution, Soviet Union (1977) 117-118 continuity of States 17,22-26,169,209,211 Council of Europe 141 cultural autonomy 180 Czechoslovakia 14,21,39,50,88, 96,113, 145-146 debt, Soviet Union 61 Decree on Peace (1917), Soviet Russia democracy 12,133-134 Denmark 88-89,102,113,145-146 deportations 181,233 91 East Timor 243-244 effectiveness 2,4,12,20,70,96,133,166, 216, 258,265 Ethiopia 13-14,21,100,227 European Parliament 142,182,264 exfactis oritur lus 4,162,164,192,205,217, 233,236,260,264 ex Injuria lus non oritur 4,38,164, 205, 217, 236,241,250,254,264 extinction of States 19, 23,39,42,169,210 Finland 54-55,72-74,105,134-135,225 forest brethren 136 France 16, 54,56-57,73,102,138,148, 19З-194 Friendly Relations Declaration of the UNGA Юб, 242, 244 Geneva Conventions (1949) 147,150,159160,185,245 Georgia 250-254 Germany
5-6,14-15,17,21,36-37,55,72, 75, 88,93,103,112,124,128,136,140,145, 148,160,178,197,210,215,225,231,233 government in exile 15,87,121,127 Greece 259-260 Hague Regulations (1907) 90,144,148,154, 156,158,175 209 Helsinki Final Act 106,115 human rights 52,133,190-191 Iceland 49 identity of States 17,22-26,41,51,163,169, 211 identity, constitutional 255 India 151-153 Indonesia 243-244 International Labour Organization 58 intertemporal law 77-78 Ireland 102 Iraq 245 Israel 186,244 Italy 55-56,148
307 INDEX OF SUBJECTS Japan 50,98-100,223 Jus cogens reversion to sovereignty 34, 67 revolution 87 right to self-determination 36,67,79, 93, 32 28-32,78,98 113-114,141 Kellogg-Briand Pact Kersten Committee 119,1ՅՅ. 138,180, 242,249 Romania 50,80,146,250 Korea 16 Kuwait 95,245,254 Russia League of Nations self-defense 5-7,19-20,59-64,177-179.195-215. 255-257 56-57,73,78,84,99,104, 180,261 League of Nations covenant 31,78,99 legal fiction 2,7, 20,24-27,37-38,41, 68-69, 156,169,190,216,226,246,253 Litvinov Protocol 80 Moldova, Republic of 250 Montevideo Convention 18,20,38, 40,165, 28 Somalia 247 South Africa 258-259 Southern Rhodesia 258 Soviet-German Non-Aggression Treaty (1939) 59,72,78,82,113,157,181 Soviet Socialist Republics 112,117, 247.2θ5 Netherlands 13,68,104 New Haven School 219, 248 New Stream 219,228 non-aggression pacts, Soviet 80-81 non-recognition 32-33,45, 97-117,242, 196-198 Soviet Union 5,15,36,45,52,72,82, 98,156, 182,225 Spain 104,124,127 statehood 17 State succession 17,23,195,211 State responsibility 7, 86,206-215,245 Stimson doctrine 98,105,141,220 245.258 Northern Cyprus Norway 54,129 259-260 Syria 24-25 Sweden 6,56,104,129,177 Switzerland 56-57,103,124 Nuremberg trials 29, 88-89,112. 150,155 occupatio quasi bellica 27, 90,145,147, 149,158 occupation 20,28,65,84-86,133,140-162,185 Palestine 67 peaceful change 225 Poland 13,36,50, 72,80,110,148,224, Tartu Peace Treaty of 1920 (Estonia-Soviet Russia) 79,196,198-200,205,249 Tibet 261-264 treaties, continuity of 51-54 Turkey 19,123,148,259 United Nations Organization 57,112,124, 141-142,153,189, ւ9շ,
195.210, շ45,262 UN Charter 29,79,94,116,243 UK 15,54,56,101,103,112,114-115,122-124 Uruguay 124 USA 15,49-50,65,98,101-102,107,120, 254-255 Portugal 12,151-153,243 postliminium 23,66 prescription 93-97,117,121-139,257 property rights, restoration of 235-236 122-127,132,141,244,262 realism 219,246 recogniton of States 17,22,24 re-eştablished States 12-13,33, 66 Vatican 102,126 Vilnius (Wilno) 202-203,224 reparations 211-215,222 restitutio in intregrum 174,206, 233-236, 241 restoration of independence 45,178,234,264 Welles, Sumner declaration Yalta conference (1945) ( Bayerische i Staatsbibliothek München к 101 110-111,220 |
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| author | Mälksoo, Lauri 1975- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)104169721X |
| author_facet | Mälksoo, Lauri 1975- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Mälksoo, Lauri 1975- |
| author_variant | l m lm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048471025 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1339096665 (DE-599)BVBBV048471025 |
| edition | Second revised edition |
| era | Geschichte 1939-1991 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1939-1991 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Baltikum Sowjetunion |
| id | DE-604.BV048471025 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T20:37:04Z |
| indexdate | 2024-10-21T10:02:13Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789004464889 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033848813 |
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| physical | XVI, 307 Seiten 25 cm |
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| publisher | Brill Nijhoff |
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| series | The Erik Castrén Institute monographs on international law and human rights |
| series2 | The Erik Castrén Institute monographs on international law and human rights |
| spelling | Mälksoo, Lauri 1975- Verfasser (DE-588)104169721X aut Illegal annexation and state continuity the case of the incorporation of the Baltic states by the USSR by Lauri Mälksoo Second revised edition Leiden ; Boston Brill Nijhoff [2022] © 2022 XVI, 307 Seiten 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Erik Castrén Institute monographs on international law and human rights volume 20 "This volume, now in its second and revised edition, deals with the legal status of the three Baltic States - Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania - as a consequence of the illegality of the Soviet annexation in 1940-1991. It offers a detailed historical overview of the Soviet takeover of the Baltic States in 1939/1940 and analysis of international law as it was in force, also regionally and bilaterally, at the time. It examines the role of the continuity of the diplomatic representations of the Baltic States and other manifestations of the Western non-recognition of the Soviet annexation. Moreover, the book examines the nature of the restoration of the Baltic States in 1991 based on their State continuity claim. It also studies in detail questions such as borders, citizenship and reparation claims, and asks to what extent State continuity could or could not be restored in practice. Compared to the first edition, the text has been updated (for example, on developments regarding border treaties) but also more background references have been added on the history of the Baltic States, Soviet and post-Soviet Russian responses to the continuity claim of the Baltic States, etc. The book interprets the Soviet annexation and Baltic States' continuity case against the wider backdrop of developments in international law in the 20th century and argues that the outcome reflected important normative developments in international law, away from mere effectivity. The case of the Baltic States will be relevant for current and future cases of illegal annexation, following the threat and use of military force prohibited under international law"-- Geschichte 1939-1991 gnd rswk-swf Eroberung (DE-588)4264420-3 gnd rswk-swf Internationales Recht (DE-588)4027447-0 gnd rswk-swf Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Baltic States / International status Baltic States / History / Autonomy and independence movements Dismemberment of nations Annexation (International law) Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Eroberung (DE-588)4264420-3 s Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 g Internationales Recht (DE-588)4027447-0 s Geschichte 1939-1991 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-90-04-46489-6 The Erik Castrén Institute monographs on international law and human rights volume 20 (DE-604)BV014185573 20 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033848813&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033848813&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033848813&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033848813&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Sachregister |
| spellingShingle | Mälksoo, Lauri 1975- Illegal annexation and state continuity the case of the incorporation of the Baltic states by the USSR The Erik Castrén Institute monographs on international law and human rights Eroberung (DE-588)4264420-3 gnd Internationales Recht (DE-588)4027447-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4264420-3 (DE-588)4027447-0 (DE-588)4004379-4 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | Illegal annexation and state continuity the case of the incorporation of the Baltic states by the USSR |
| title_auth | Illegal annexation and state continuity the case of the incorporation of the Baltic states by the USSR |
| title_exact_search | Illegal annexation and state continuity the case of the incorporation of the Baltic states by the USSR |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Illegal annexation and state continuity the case of the incorporation of the Baltic states by the USSR |
| title_full | Illegal annexation and state continuity the case of the incorporation of the Baltic states by the USSR by Lauri Mälksoo |
| title_fullStr | Illegal annexation and state continuity the case of the incorporation of the Baltic states by the USSR by Lauri Mälksoo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Illegal annexation and state continuity the case of the incorporation of the Baltic states by the USSR by Lauri Mälksoo |
| title_short | Illegal annexation and state continuity |
| title_sort | illegal annexation and state continuity the case of the incorporation of the baltic states by the ussr |
| title_sub | the case of the incorporation of the Baltic states by the USSR |
| topic | Eroberung (DE-588)4264420-3 gnd Internationales Recht (DE-588)4027447-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Eroberung Internationales Recht Baltikum Sowjetunion |
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