The Russia scare: fake news and genuine threat
"The Russia Scare assesses the scope, character and extent of Russian interference in the affairs of liberal democratic states. This book examines the 'Russia scare' in a dynamic manner, stressing the interaction between threat perception, responses and subsequent policies. What forms...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London ; New York, NY
Routledge
2023
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| Schriftenreihe: | Innovations in international affairs
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "The Russia Scare assesses the scope, character and extent of Russian interference in the affairs of liberal democratic states. This book examines the 'Russia scare' in a dynamic manner, stressing the interaction between threat perception, responses and subsequent policies. What forms does this alleged meddling take, what are the instruments used, how effective are the deployed tools, and who are the allies with which Russia works in these endeavours? Above all, what impact does this work have on target societies? The book also explores why Russia engages in such activities, what the probable chain of command is (if any), and the role of the Russian leadership in all of this, as well as investigating the response of Western societies and governments. The author sifts the real from the imagined, which can only be achieved by establishing the larger historical context. He scrutinises the fundamental question: is Russia really engaged in a sustained 'hybrid warfare' campaign to sow discord and undermine Western democracies? If so, what are the strategic purposes underlying such activity? Various hypotheses are analysed, notably that Russian post-Cold War activity is nothing exceptional in the context of great power confrontation; that all great powers are engaged in one way or another in such actions, and thus contextualisation is important; and that Russia's subversive activity has been greatly exaggerated, and very often entirely misrepresented. This book will be of great interest to students, scholars and politicians of international relations, comparative politics, security and defence studies, global governance and Russian politics, as well as political advisers, NGOs, diplomats and journalists"-- |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | viii, 211 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781032011509 9781032011516 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents 1 Introduction 1 Historical Legacies and Context 6 Worries and Wormholes 7 Russian Phobias or Russophobia 9 The International Context 17 Populism and Russian Soft Power 23 Notes 27 2 Was Putin Out to Subvert the West? 31 The Russia Scare and Cold War II 32 Cultural Conflict and Geopolitics 37 Active Measures and Soft Power 45 Offshore Corruption 48 Power Politics 51 Autocracy Promotion and Double Standards 54 Notes 57 3 The Russians Are Coming 1: Meddling in America Russiagate 63 Maria Butina and Her Friends 71 The Case ofDimitri Simes 75 Cold War II and the Silencing ofDissent Notes 82 4 78 The Russians Are Coming 2: Britain, Brexit and Beyond Brexit Blues 87 Strange Connections 91 62 87
viii Contents The Skripal Mystery 92 The Russia Report: Findings 96 The Russia Report: Reception 101 Notes 115 5 The Russians Are Coming 3: Europe and Beyond 121 Continental Cases 122 Back to the Wall 127 Notes 130 6 Cyberattacks and Hybrid Warfare Managing Cyber Relations 138 Notes 142 7 133 Cyber Conflict and Management 133 Information Warfare and Disinformation Struggles The Global Disinformation War 145 The Counter-disinformation Complex 149 Blowback: Neo-journalism and the Russia Scare Notes 161 8 157 Explanations and Interpretations Cold War II and Interference 166 Post-diplomacy and Values in International Politics Deception and Self-Deception 174 The People Speak 177 Notes 180 9 Conclusion Notes 145 166 171 184 190 Bibliography Index 193 202
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russia/.
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Bibliography 199 Nye, Joseph S., Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics (New York: Public Affairs, 2004). Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections ”, Intelligence Community Assessment, ICA 201701D, 6 January 2017, https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICA_2017_01.pdf . Papp, RobertG., A Cyber-Treaty with Russia?, Kennan Cable No. 41, March 2019, https:// www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no-41-cyber-treaty-russia. Phillips, Richard, Hannah Petersen, and Ronen Palan, ‘Group Subsidiaries, Tax Minimization and Offshore Financial Centres’, Journal of International Business Policy, Vol. 4,2021, pp. 286-307. Poe, Marshall T., The Russian Moment in World History (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003). Pomerantsev, Peter, This is Not Propaganda: Adventures in the War against Reality (London: Faber and Faber, 2019). Popescu, Nicu and Stanislav Secrieru, eds. Hacks, Leaks and Disruptions: Russian Cyber Strategies, Institute for Security Studies, Chaillot Paper No. 148, October 2018. Porter, Patrick, The False Promise of Liberal Order: Nostalgia, Delusion and the Rise of Trump (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2020). Putin, Vladimir, ‘The Real Lessons of the 75th Anniversary of World War II’. The National Interest 18 June 2020, https://nationalinteresLorg/feature/vladimir-putin-real-lessons -75th-anniversary-world-war-ii-162982. Pyne, David T., ‘America Cannot Take on China and Russia Simultaneously’, The National Interest, 4 October 2021,
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Index Abramovich, R. 108 Adonis, A. 106 AIVD 95 Allende, S. 8 Alliance for Securing Democracy 151 Alperovich, D. 154 al-Qaeda 175 American democracy 32,42, 72,77-79, 82, 111, 158,159,170, 176,186 Applebaum, A. 109 ASEEES see Association for Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES) Ashford, E. 172 Al-Assad, B. 161 Assange, J. 8,44, 79-80, 89, 102 Association for Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES) 37 Atlantic Council’s DFRLab 154-55 autocracy: democracy vs. 161,172,186; ‘patronal autocracy’ 21; promotion and double standards 54-57; Tsarist autocracy 21 Averko, Μ. 147 Baker, J. 69 Bandow, D. 42 Banks, A. 87, 90, 92 Bannon, S. 8, 88-89 Barr, W. 68 Basulto, D. 11 Battling to the End (Girard) 187 Belton, C. 38, 50, 108 Berdyaev, N. 38,41 Berlusconi, S. 38 Bershidsky, L. 96 Biden, J. 20-21, 47, 69, 106,139, 140, 169 Blair, T. 103 blasphemy law 40 Bolsonaro, J. 1 Boot, Μ. 149 Borrell, J. 45,122 Boshirov, R. (Chepiga) 94, 95 Brennan, J. 62,63,134 Brenton, A. 54 Brexit referendum 106; Russian interference in 91,97,101,103 British Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) 56 Browder, B. 16,17, 50,109 Brown, G. 92 Bryan, J. 15 Buchanan, P. 42, 72 Burke, E. 31 Burrows, C. 46,65 Burrows, Μ. 100,168,172 Bush, G. W. 47, 133,188 Butin, V. 73 Butina, Μ. 71-75,76 Cadwalladr, C. 88-90, 101, 102 Cambridge Analytica 88,90,91 Carpenter, Μ. 149 Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 41 Chaika, Y. 115 Chaillan, N. 141 Chandler, C. 156 Charter international system 6,17-20,23, 31, 34, 39, 42, 55, 91 Charter liberalism 39 Chemical Weapons
Convention (CWC) 93, 113-14 Chepiga, A. (Boshirov) 95 Chernukhin, L. 98 Chemukhin, V. 98 China: accusing cyberattack on Microsoft Exchange servers 135; acts as salutary
Index 203 warning 171; AI supremacy 141; anti China campaign 172; anti-hegemonic alignment of 33; attack on Pyongyang’s servers 140; BeiDou (BDS) 22; bilateral cybersecurity treaty with Russia 139; Chinese laws 138; commodity prices of 20; conceivable situation against Russia and 128; cyber-hacking activities 136; domestic affairs between Russia and 23; enormous cultural resources of 47; Europe to higher-paying Asian customers and 53; liberal hegemony 9; loss in 1949 7-8; member of Charter international system 18; Merkel expose cyberespionage activities against 56; NATO in Europe and 114; neo-McCarthyism 152; ‘new cold war’ between United States and 174; Offensive Cyber relations to Russia and 105; philosophy of 32; and Russia, hegemonic ambitions of Atlantic West 20; send warships to contest Russian dominance 130; Soviet Union and 17; systemic competitors of 114; tariff war against 39; trilateral convergence of disinformation narratives 156; Trump argue about cold war 8; United States against 127; US military brinkmanship with Russia and 130; US National Cyber Security Strategy 133; ‘Wedges’ driven between Russia and 21 Chinese-style ‘social credit’ system 135 Chizhov, V. 54 Chossudovsky, Μ. 147 Churchill, W. 12 Chutkan, T. 74 Clinesmith, K. 69 Clinton, B. 15,78,92 Clinton, H. 8, 15,62-66,69, 78,89, 91, 96,110,113, 167,168, 185,188 Cohen, Μ. 67,131 Cohen, S. F. 4.80, 159 Core, P. 69 Cold War/Cold War 11,3,12,18-19; in 1989-91 2, 166, 188; allegations of electoral interference 101; anti communist crusade during 8; Atlantic powers after 23; campaigns 50; Civil Rights
organisations and anti-war movements 45; condemnation of 96; condemned as Western ‘imperialism’ 24; conditions of renewal 45; democracy movements into potential allies of 189; disinformation and news management 4; domestic and foreign affairs 97; effectiveness of campaigns in 174; end with pan-European agenda 42; focus on legitimacy of actions 3; foreign policy debates in conditions of 161; genuine ‘resistance’ to 5; geopolitical struggle in 4; global hegemon during 56; hierarchical conduct of 111 ; inclusive pan-European security order 13; intensification of hostilities 17; with liberal democracy 175; liberalism 177; Toss’of China in 1949 7-8; mentalities and hostilities 101,105,167, 170; MI5 report 99; military alliance system 18; military structure and cultural matrix 189; model of regime pluralism against universalism 23; natural configuration of international politics 19; pan-European security order 13; practices 185; prevent a nuclear confrontation 77; ‘principal architect’ of 77; principles of Atlantic West 1; repressive legislation 146; signing of a peace treaty 39; social consciousness and public discourse 64; Soviet leadership 6; against Soviet Union 1,158; transformation of NATO 154; ‘victors’ in 39; war of words and normative condemnation 45 Cold War II2, 7,9,78-82; anxiety about Russia 12; Atlantic alliance 101; attack on diplomacy and diplomatic infrastructure 172; cultural context of 14,47; and dissenting views 78-82; distinctive genre of 48; fundamental concern in 14; fundamental security and cultural root of 190; historical revisionism 12; ideological
battles of 13; ideological overlay to 41; ideological war of 13,148; informational warfare 151; and interference 166-71; international affairs 7; militant rhetoric of 100; Russia and China, accusing of‘hybrid warfare’ operations 133; Russiagate allegations 62; Russia Scare and 32-37; struggle between liberal democracies 9; tragedy of 44 Collins, D. 88 Collusion (Harding) 159 Comey, J. 62,63 Communist Manifesto 1 Computer Incident Response Coordination Centre 139 Congress of Vienna 2 Conservative Party 97, 98,105
204 Index Coombes, S. 5 Cooper, A. 68 Corbyn, J. 93,112,113 corruption: democracy in United Kingdom 88; fraud and 109; and ideological characteristics 14; inflation and 179; offshore corruption 48-51 Corsi, J. 89 Crimea: Crimean War (1853-6) 2, 114; European policy towards 126; international waters and 112; reincorporation of 128; ‘rules-based order’ 55; Russian annexation of 1, 44; Sevastopol naval base in 111 Cruz, T. 88 cultural conflict 37-45 Cummings, D. 90, 92 CWC see Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) cyberattacks 133-38 cyber conflict and management 133; cyberattacks and hybrid warfare 133-38; cyber relations 138-42 cyber-enabled disinformation 148 cyber-enabled warfare (CEIW) 136 cyber relations 138-42 Danchenko, I. 67, 69, 70, 110 Dawisha, K. 48 Dearborn, R. 73 Dearlove, R. 188 death ofpluralism 189 Deception: Russiagate and the New Cold War (Lexington) 2 decommunisation laws 14 de Gustine, Μ. 10 Defence and Security Media Advisory (DSMA) Notice 93 Defence Condition (DEFCON) 128 Dejevsky, Μ. 5 Delaney, S. 151 The Democracy Integrity Project (TDIP) 151 democratic destabilisation 96 democratic institutionalists 31 democratic internationalism 31, 185-86 Democratic National Committee (DNC) 8, 95; Clinton campaign against Bernie Sanders 15, 65, 69; documents from DCCC 140; ‘hack and leak’ operation against 56, 68, 98, 136, 169; material publish by WikiLeaks 102; minor activities of IRA 170; and Podesta material, Russian collusion allegations 15, 64; servers, GRU hacking 66 Deng Xiaoping 172 Denham, E. 90 Diesen, G. 5, 150,166 digital authoritarianism 146 disinformation:
‘active measures’ and 45; campaign during 2016 election 64; campaigns and political influence operations 97; counter-disinformation complex 149-57; deliberate propagation of falsehoods 107; democracy in the United Kingdom 88; financial support for opponents 32; global disinformation war 145—49; and news management 4; Russian disinformation 15,68,109,123 distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack 134 Djukanovic, Μ. 122-23 Dmitriev, K. 113 Dmitriev, Y. 43 DNC see Democratic National Committee (DNC) D-Notices see Defence and Security Media Advisory (DSMA) Notice Dolan, C. 69, 70 Donnelly, C. 109 Dugin, A. 35, 126 Durham, J. 15,68-69, 96 East StratCom Task Force 123 ‘ecosystem’ metaphor 35, 148 Ecuadorean authorities 80 EEAS see European External Action Service (EEAS) Ellám, Μ. 92 Ellehuus, R. 106 Engels, F. 1 Epikopos, Μ. 160 Erdoğan, R. T. 1 Erickson, P. 72-74 Espionage Act 80,100 ‘European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism’ 12 European External Action Service (EEAS) 123 European Reassurance Initiative 154 European security 1; transformation 40; treaty 171 EUvsDisinfo 156-57 FARA see Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) Farage, N. 89,103 Farkas, E. 147, 154 Federal Assembly 38
Index 205 Fedotov, V. 99 Feinstein, D, 151 Felshtinsky, Y. 76 Fillon, F. 125 FISA see Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Flynn, M. 62, 100 Foglesong, D. 10 ‘foreign agents’ law 43 Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) 71, 98,100 Foreign Intelligence Service 46 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) 62, 66, 69 Foxall, A. 92 Freeman, Μ. 32 Fridman, Μ. 107 Gabbard, T. 80 Gaddafi, Μ. 55 Galloway, G. 103 Gaynutdin, M. R. 40 Gazprom 53, 70, 99, 156 Gebrev, E. 122 ‘gender dysphoria’ 26 General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces 46 Geneva Consensus Declaration 40 Geneva summit 139, 141, 149 geopolitics 37֊45 Georgia: cyberattacks on 134; Russia’s invasion of 54; Russo-Georgia war of 2008 54, 134; Ukraine and 34 Gerasimov, V. 46 German Marshall Fund 153 Gershman, C. 166 Girard, R. 12,187 Gleason, J. H. 11 global disinformation war 145-49 Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act 16 Glorious Revolution in England (1688) 2 Gorbachev, Μ. 6, 40, 51,121,123, 168,171 Gorka, K. 152 Gorka, S. 152 Gove, Μ. 156 Graham, L. 150 Graham, T. 138 Grayling, C. 97 Greenwald, G. 169 ‘grey diplomacy’ 149 Grieve, D. 103 Gryzlov, B. 154 guerrilla conflict 185 Guzzanti, P. 93 Haines, A. 47 Halliday, F. 33-34 Halligan, L. 92 Harding, L. 159 Haspel, G. 94 Hayden, Μ. 134, 176 Helsinki summit 178 Hendrickson, D. 177 Hendrik, T. 156 Henry Jackson Society 92 Hersh, S. 161 Hersman, R. 7 Higgins, E. 154 Hitchens, P. 112 Ho Chi Minh 175 Hosie, S. 102 House Intelligence Committee 66, 68,75 House Judicial Committee 68 House of Commons Intelligence and Security Committee (ISC) 96 House of
Commons’ Intelligence Select Committee 9 House of Commons Russia Report 188 House Un-American Activities Committee 8 How to Lose the Information War (Jankowicz) 68 Hulsman, J. 176 al-Hussein, Z. R. 160 hybrid warfare 133-38 ICA see Intelligence Community Assessment (ICA) ICH see International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) ICO report see Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) report IMF 21 ‘impenetrable cyber security unit’ 139 Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) report 90 Information Security Doctrine 140 Integrity Initiative bills 109,152 Intelligence Community Assessment (ICA) 9, 100 Intelligence Select Committee (ISC) Russia Report 92 Interim National Security Strategic Guidance (Biden) 32 International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) 49
206 Index International Information Security Principles 136 Internet Research Agency (IRA) 8, 64,137 Islamic State 33 Islamophobia 25 Jackson, H. 72 Jackson-Vanik amendment 16, 17 Jankowicz, N. 68 Jarrett, G. 62 Johnson, B. 96, 107,156 Johnson, L. 175 Johnstone, D. 7 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear deal 16 Joint Threat Research Intelligence Group (JTRIG) 153 Jones, D. J. 151 Jones, O. 106 Jong-nam, K. 93 Jong-un, K. 93 JTRIG see Joint Threat Research Intelligence Group (JTRIG) Kasparov, G. 48 Kaspersky Lab 22 Kastner, J. 32,153 Kelin, A. 114 Kennan, G. 36, 77, 176, 184 Kettle, Μ. 104 Khan Sheikhoun 161 Khangoshvili, Z. 125 Khodorkovsky, Μ. 105 Kisilëv, D. 146 Kislyak, S. 76 Kissinger, H. 75, 76 Klarenberg, К. 5 kleptocracy 48, 50 Kolerov, Μ. 47 Komisar, L. 5 Korean War in 1950 8 Kovtun, D. 93 Kramer, D. 47 Kremlin Watch Program of the European Values Centre for Security Policy 157 Kribbe, H. 78 Kulhanek, J. 122 Kupchan, C. 172 Kuznetsov, V. 166 Labour Party 7, 104-5 Lafayeedney, D. 109 Lammy, D. 92 Laruelle, Μ. 44,149 Lavrov, S. 20,122,124,167 Lawrence, P. 44,161 Leave.EU 88, 90, 92 Lebedev, A. 107 Lebedev, E. 107 Lemire, J. 160 Levada polling agency 37, 177 Lewis, J. 97 liberal hegemony 6, 9,18,19,23, 26, 31-33, 38, 105,186,189, 190 liberalism 1, 23,25, 39-42,44,91, 158,177 Lieven, A. 174, 176 Limonier, К. 149 Litvinenko, A. 76, 93-94 Lucas, E. 109 Lugovoi, A. 93 Lukashenko, A. 55, 129 Maastricht Treaty 90 Macron, E. 125 Magnitsky, S. 16-17, 109 Magnitsky Act 17, 109,173 The. Magnitsky Act: Behind the Scenes (film) 5, 16 Maidan revolution in Ukraine 14,
44 Malkevich, A. 149 Mailoch, T. 89 Malofeev, K. 149 Manafort, P. 67 Manning, C. 80 Marchetti, R. 5 Markov, S. 43 Marx, K. 1 Marxism-Leninist ideology 36 Maté, A. 103, 186 Matlock, J. 167,168 Matveeva, A. 5 May, T. 88, 91, 93, 105 McCain, J. 10 McCarthy, J. 8,184 McCarthy era 8 McCarthyism 76, 79,146,149,172 McFaul, Μ. 78 McGinn, C. 98 McMeekin, S. 12 Mearsheimer, J. 81 Medvedev, D. 43,171 Memorial Human Rights Centre 43 Mercer, R. 90 Merkel, A. 52, 56, 124, 125 Metían, G. 11 Michel, L. 149 military alliance system 18
Index 207 Miller, P. 46, 94 Mironyuk, S. 146 Mishkin, A. (Petrov) 94,95 Mitrokhin Commission 93 Mogherini, F. 122 monism 189 Morawiecki, Μ. 129 Moreno, L. 80 Morgenthau, H. 176 ‘The Moscow Project’ 146 Mossack Fonseca 49 Mueller, R. 62, 64,66, 68, 71, 75, 80, 89, 97, 101, 167, 175 Murashov, N. 135 Murdoch, R. 103 Narochnitskaya, N. 47 Naryshkin, S. 26, 154 National Defence Authorisation Act 127 National Endowment for Democracy (NED) 50,166, 167 National Intelligence Estimate Key Judgement 2 185 National Offensive Cyber Programme (NOCP) 105 national populism 31, 39 ‘national populist’ revolt 87 National Security Presidential Memorandum 13 (NSPM 13) 137-38 NATO see North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) NATO-Russia Council in 2002 3 5 Navalny, A. 37, 48,125, 172, 173 Nazi regime 12 NED see National Endowment for Democracy (NED) Nekrasov, A. 5, 16,17, 109 neo-intelligence 188 neo-journalism 157-61, 185, 188 neo-McCarthyism 152 neo-revisionism 20, 31, 32, 38, 54, 167, 171 New Political Thinking (Gorbachev) 20 ‘new realist’ policy (Putin) 32, 54 Nicholas I of Russia 55 Niebuhr, R. 176 Nikonov, V. 76 Nimmo, B. 152 Nixon, R. 75 NOCP see National Offensive Cyber Programme (NOCP) Nolte, E. 13 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 33; Atlantic Council ‘NATO’s propaganda wing 154; core of Atlantic power system 188; establishment of 18; and EU 3,19,121; European security by Russia and 171; forces in Afghanistan 127; German unification and 34; liberal democracy and organisations 34; NATO-Russia Council in 2002 35; NATO-Russia Founding Act 129; policies in Central and Eastern
Europe 155; relationship with Europe and China 114; Stratcom Centre of Excellence 123; strategic plans 112; Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) 154; US alliance system 77; warnings against peace with Russia 109; and Western policy in Ukraine 75 NotPetya cyberattack (2017) 135 Novichok92, 93,95, 114, 125 Nunes, D. 66 Nuremberg trials 12 Nye, J. 24, 47 Obama, B. 15, 17, 20, 33, 56, 62, 89, 92, 102, 133, 140, 168, 171 Obama-era executive order 138 OCCRP see Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) Official Secrets Act 100 Ohr, B. 66 ontological exclusivity 189 OPCW see Organisation for the Prevention of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Open-Ended Working Group 141 open-source intelligence (OSINT) 154 Operation Infektion 15 Orange Revolution of autumn 2004 52 Orbán, V. 1 Orbis Business International 46 Organisation for the Prevention of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) 93, 95, 113-14 Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) 49-50 Ország, P. 92 Osaka G20 summit 39 OSINT see open-source intelligence (OSINT) Owen, R. 93 PACE see Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) PACs see political action committees (PACs) Page, C. 62,66-67,69
208 Index pan-European security order 13 Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) 12 Pashinyan, N. 55 ‘patronal autocracy’ 21 Paul, R. 38 Pegasus software 134-35 Peskov, D. 74,130 Petrov, A. (Mishkin) 94,95 Pew Research Centre survey 178 Phillips, T. 6 Pilger, J. 161 Pinchuk, V. 154 Podesta, J. 8, 56,65, 167, 169 Polish revolution of 1830 2 political action committees (PACs) 168 Politkovskaya, A. 123 Pollack, B. J. 80 Pomerantsev, P. 34 populism 23-26 Portman-Murphy Countering Disinformation and Propaganda Act 151 Postoi, T. 161 PPP see purchasing power parity (PPP) Prigozhin, Y. 64,122,149 Primakov, Y. 26 purchasing power parity (PPP) 21 Pussy Riot 150 Putin, V.: advocacy of healthy conservatism 42; alienation from liberal culture of the West 41; argument about liberalism 91; authorisation 33; Biden agreed to summit with 128; ‘blackmailing’ Europe 54; comments on Osaka G20 summit 39; ‘conservative institutionalist’ 31; démonisation of 169; follows Orange Revolution of autumn 2004 52; in G20 meeting 56; handling of international affairs 179; Helsinki press conference with 81; ideological flexibility and pragmatism 25; influencing campaign in US presidential elections 2016 63; ‘kleptocratic regime’ 50; leadership and managerial techniques of 1; legal ‘continuer’ state to Soviet Union 13; Long War against American Science 71; The Magnitsky Act: Behind the Scenes (film) 14, 15; mix of statism 12; ‘new realist’ policy 32, 54; official policy view 37; Orthodoxy and Christian values 26; policy of neo-revisionism 167; ‘Putin apologists’ 80; ‘Putin-linked elites’ 98;
‘Putin-linked’ oligarchs 78; The Putin Paradox 2; Putin ’s Revenge 14; PutinTrump summit in Helsinki 71; ‘Putin whisperers’ 145-46; reinforcement of Russia’s European credentials 41; revolt against liberal hegemony 190; rule of20,43; Russian interference in British elections 9; Russian polity under 14; sentiments in Russian polity and society 12; social and political order 34; Trump’s summit with 160; ‘Tulsi Gabbard’s campaign 80 The Putin Paradox 2 Putin’s Revenge 14 Raab, D. 113 radicalisation of liberal internationalism 31-32 Ragozin, L. 114,156 Ratcliffe, J. 70 Reagan National Defence Survey 179 Republic in Peril (Hendrickson) 177 Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 19, 54 REvil code 136 REvil group 135 revisionism 12,19,32,167 Rice, Μ. 150 Rid, T. 64 Ritter, S. 145 Robinson, P. 5, 37,44,108, 129,148, 156 RoC see Russian Orthodox Church (RoC) Rohrbacher, D. 38 Rojansky, Μ. 152 Roldugin, S. 49 Romney, Μ. 177 Roosevelt, F. D. 12 Rosenstein, R. 62 Ross, J. 103 Ross, W. 49 R2P see Responsibility to Protect (R2P) Rugge, F. 142 rules-based international order 6,20, 31, 40, 55,105 rules-based international system 92,114 Russia: active measures and soft power 45-48; assertive foreign policy 20-21 ; biased assessments of state policy 140; charges of collusion between Trump and 8; civilisational tradition 35; constitutional order of 43; defence budget in 2020 23; digital infrastructure 133; economic war on 94; Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 71; foreign-owned investment fund in 109; foreign policy 33,34,47,55, 75,97,
Index 209 123; historical legacy 41; homosexuality banned in 56; ‘hybrid war’ against 43; information assets 139; Information Security Doctrine 140; intelligence agencies and 46,156; intelligence services and 6, 123; interference in US energy sector 48; international context of 17-23; intervention in Syria 33; invasion of Ukraine 12, 49; join with European international society 10; Kremlin Watch Program of the European Values Centre for Security Policy 157; leadership 14, 55,95,127; leadership ‘unleashed’ Word War 1 (1914) 12; liberal democracies 91; national identity and 11; NATO-Russia Council (2002) 35,129; neurosis 36; official policies 136; politics of 32-33, 77; populism and 23—26; Putin and Trump relationship with 65; reincorporation of Crimea by 128; relations with Europe 121 ; report of 96-108; revolution of 7; and RoC, relationship between 40; Russophobia see Russophobia; security services 122; Soviet Union in 1991 6; treaty obligations and debts 13; and United States, relations between 54,72; Western perceptions of 11 ‘Russia anxiety’ (Smith) 10-11 Russia-based ransomware cyberattack (2021)135 Russiagate allegations 8,62-71, 77,90, 105,158, 159, 172 Russiagate scandal 15, 137-39, 167 TÄe Russia Hoax (Jarrett) 62 Russian interference 90,92,170; allegations of 11; in British politics 9, 96; in EU referendum 100; issue of 160; in presidential election (2016) 100,151; Russiagate allegations focus on 63; in Scottish and Brexit referendums 97, 101-3 Russian Orthodox Church (RoC) 26, 39-40 Russian phobia see Russophobia Russian polity 5,10, 12-14,123 Russia Report 9,37,
92,96^111,184,188 ‘Russia scare’ 9,38, 166, 170; and Cold War 1132—37; in context 188; in Germany 124; Intelligence Community Assessment (ICA) 9; international context of 17-23; ‘kleptocratic Putin regime’ 50; Moscow’s use of energy resources 51; neo-joumalism and 157-61; in United Kingdom 102; in United States 108; US presidential election (2016) 51 Russkii Mir Foundation 47 Russo-Georgian War of2008 54,134 Russophobia 3,9-17,44,73,101, 107,177 Ryan, D. 154 Sacco, N. 158 SALT II treaty 188 Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2018 100 Sanders, B. 15, 81,169 Savoini, G. 126 scapegoat mechanism 12,44,82,150,168, 171,186-87 Scaramella, Μ. 93 Schiff, A. 68,170 Schroeder, G. 38,124 SCO see Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Scottish independence referendum (2014) 87,97,10L 103^1,115 Serbia 22, 26,55 Sergeev, D. 95 Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act 16 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 140 SHAPE see Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) Sikorski, R. 109 Simes, D. 75-78 Simonyan, Μ. 150 Simpson G. 71 Simson, K. 53 Sino-American contradictions 33 Skripal, S. 92-96.106 Skripal, Y. 51,92,96,106 Smiley, G. 3 Smiley, X. 10 Smith, Μ 10 Snowden, E. 56 soft power 114; active measures and 45-48; adoption of language 3; Russian soft power 23-26; strategies 123 Soros, G. 151,166 Soviet Union: aid Greece and Turkey 17; American views of 184; Atlantic West collapse of 14; and China 17; Civil Rights organisations and anti war movements 45; collective security
210 Index regime in Eastern Europe 13; diasporic legacies 41; diplomatic relations with 7; legacy security state 50; and liberal hegemony 189; militant regime in Moscow 3; revolutionary power 8; strategy of 190; struggle against fascism 26; transformation and disintegration of 6, 54; US-led international order 19; war scare with 6 Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Russian Federation 40 ‘Sputnik’ 138 Stalin, J. 3, 12, 13, 36, 43 Stanovaya, T. 37 Starova, R. 17 START see Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) State Department’s Global Engagement Centre (GEC) 147 Steele, C. 46, 62, 65-67, 69, 110 Steele dossier 46, 62,65-67,69, 70, 94, 111, 151, 159 Stephanopoulos, G. 111 Stolyarov, A. 166 Stone, O. 184 Stone, R. 89 Storonsky, N. 99 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) 75 Strategic Communications Command (Stratcom) Centre of Excellence 123 Strategic Culture Foundation 89 Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) 154 Sushentsov, A. 36 Sussmann, Μ. 69 ‘Sustaining Deterrence in Europe’ initiative 127 Syria 4, 12, 39, 161; armed forces in 23; conflict 4; oil-producing areas of 185; peace in 97; perspectives and policies in 21; Russia’s intervention in 33; war in 82 system of international law 6 Taibbi, Μ. 81,153 Tanden, N. 146 Taylor, Μ. 80 Temerko, A. 99,105 Tennison, S. 80 Testament of Peter the Great 10 Thatcher, Μ. 90, 109 Thompson Reuters Foundation 112 Tikhanovskaya, S. 55,166 Timmermans, F. 53 Torshin, A. 71 Trenin, D. 145 Truman, H. 18 Truman Doctrine 18 Trump, D. J.: advocacy of economic nationalism 169; agenda 62; and Alfa Bank, evidence ties between
69; anti abortion initiative 40; campaign of 8, 66-67; conservative neo-isolationism and neo-mercantilism 24; first major foreign policy speech 75-76; lack of concern for human rights 160; mercantilist instincts 52; National Cyber Strategy 138; presidential administration 102; and Russia in 2016 15; Sino-US relations in 36; summit with Putin 160; in US election (2016) 2,187 Trump-era cyber-operations order 137 Truss, L. 129 Tsygankov, A. 11 UK Independence Party (UKIP) 25, 88, 89 UK Local Government Act of 1988 56 Ukraine 19; crisis of 2014 1, 35, 36, 173; decommunisation laws 14; geopolitical threat to 52; Maidan revolution in 14, 44; ΝΑΤΟ/US security enlargement to 171; Poland and 52; propaganda campaigns 21; and Russia, energy disputes between 51; Russian state actors against 135; Russia’s invasion of 12, 49, 186; Soviet-style threat and invasion of 3; three-pronged invasion of 129; war in 2022 4, 54, 62, 78,139 Ukrainian Orthodox Church 26 United Kingdom (UK): beneficial ownership of property in 49; Brexit vote in 185; challenges and opportunities facing 4; democratic processes 98; and Europe 109; intelligence community 100; ‘international rules-based system’ 91; National Cyber Security Centre 113; and Russia, interactions between 100; Russia Report in 184; Russia scare in 102; significant threat to Russia 37; targets Russia in destabilisation campaign 112; Trump campaign and Leave campaign in 89; and United States, negotiation between 96; US ‘illegals’ and settled in 92; visa renewal difficulties in 108; Washington-based Centre for Strategic and International Studies
124
Index 211 United Nations (UN): Charter international system based on 17, 23, 31; R2P adoption by 19; UN-based Charter international system 186; UN General Assembly 141; UN human rights commissioner 160 United States (US) 175--80; alliance system 77; Al Qaeda attack on 4; ASEEES report in 37; ‘an authoritarian surveillance state’ in 88; Democratic Party in 9,62; democratic process 63; dominated international politics 32; electoral politics 66; foreign agent in 151; foreign policy 170; Group of Governmental Experts by 141 ; Intelligence Community 63,137; liberal establishment in 146; National Cyber Security Strategy 133; National Intelligence Council 47; National Rifle Association (NRA) 71; National Security Agency 133; and NATO, security treaties with 19; in postwar era 6; and Russia, relations between 72; Russiagate allegations in 87,90,184; Russiagate scandal in 138,167; Russia’s meddling in 15; Senate Foreign Relations Committee 88; Special Operations Command (SOCOM) 153; tension between Russia and 54; and United Kingdom, trade negotiation between 96 Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 17 universalism 23 UN Security Council 18, 21,106 US Agency for Global Media (USAGM) 146, 159 US Agency for International Development 50 USAGM see US Agency for Global Media (USAGM) Vandenberg, A. 18 Vanzetti, B. 158 Veselnitskaya, N. 17 WADA see World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Wagner Group (WG) 122, 136, 156 WannaCry ransomware attack 135 Warner, B. 74 Washington, G. 77 Weir, F. 70 Weiss, Μ. 154 West, N. 46, 94, 123 Whelan, P. 74 WikiLeaks 65,68, 79-80, 89, 102,125, 134,139
Wilson, W. 18 Wohlforth, W. C. 32,153 Wolff, Μ. 66 World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) 95 Xi Jinping 172 Yakovenko, A. 90 Yanukovych, V. 52, 128 Yeltsin, B. 14 Yonov, A. 149 Zakharova, Μ. 42, 112 Zhirinovsky, V. 167 Zuckerberg, Μ. 155 Bayerische StebiWtoihek München
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Contents 1 Introduction 1 Historical Legacies and Context 6 Worries and Wormholes 7 Russian Phobias or Russophobia 9 The International Context 17 Populism and Russian Soft Power 23 Notes 27 2 Was Putin Out to Subvert the West? 31 The Russia Scare and Cold War II 32 Cultural Conflict and Geopolitics 37 Active Measures and Soft Power 45 Offshore Corruption 48 Power Politics 51 Autocracy Promotion and Double Standards 54 Notes 57 3 The Russians Are Coming 1: Meddling in America Russiagate 63 Maria Butina and Her Friends 71 The Case ofDimitri Simes 75 Cold War II and the Silencing ofDissent Notes 82 4 78 The Russians Are Coming 2: Britain, Brexit and Beyond Brexit Blues 87 Strange Connections 91 62 87
viii Contents The Skripal Mystery 92 The Russia Report: Findings 96 The Russia Report: Reception 101 Notes 115 5 The Russians Are Coming 3: Europe and Beyond 121 Continental Cases 122 Back to the Wall 127 Notes 130 6 Cyberattacks and Hybrid Warfare Managing Cyber Relations 138 Notes 142 7 133 Cyber Conflict and Management 133 Information Warfare and Disinformation Struggles The Global Disinformation War 145 The Counter-disinformation Complex 149 Blowback: Neo-journalism and the Russia Scare Notes 161 8 157 Explanations and Interpretations Cold War II and Interference 166 Post-diplomacy and Values in International Politics Deception and Self-Deception 174 The People Speak 177 Notes 180 9 Conclusion Notes 145 166 171 184 190 Bibliography Index 193 202
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Index Abramovich, R. 108 Adonis, A. 106 AIVD 95 Allende, S. 8 Alliance for Securing Democracy 151 Alperovich, D. 154 al-Qaeda 175 American democracy 32,42, 72,77-79, 82, 111, 158,159,170, 176,186 Applebaum, A. 109 ASEEES see Association for Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES) Ashford, E. 172 Al-Assad, B. 161 Assange, J. 8,44, 79-80, 89, 102 Association for Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES) 37 Atlantic Council’s DFRLab 154-55 autocracy: democracy vs. 161,172,186; ‘patronal autocracy’ 21; promotion and double standards 54-57; Tsarist autocracy 21 Averko, Μ. 147 Baker, J. 69 Bandow, D. 42 Banks, A. 87, 90, 92 Bannon, S. 8, 88-89 Barr, W. 68 Basulto, D. 11 Battling to the End (Girard) 187 Belton, C. 38, 50, 108 Berdyaev, N. 38,41 Berlusconi, S. 38 Bershidsky, L. 96 Biden, J. 20-21, 47, 69, 106,139, 140, 169 Blair, T. 103 blasphemy law 40 Bolsonaro, J. 1 Boot, Μ. 149 Borrell, J. 45,122 Boshirov, R. (Chepiga) 94, 95 Brennan, J. 62,63,134 Brenton, A. 54 Brexit referendum 106; Russian interference in 91,97,101,103 British Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) 56 Browder, B. 16,17, 50,109 Brown, G. 92 Bryan, J. 15 Buchanan, P. 42, 72 Burke, E. 31 Burrows, C. 46,65 Burrows, Μ. 100,168,172 Bush, G. W. 47, 133,188 Butin, V. 73 Butina, Μ. 71-75,76 Cadwalladr, C. 88-90, 101, 102 Cambridge Analytica 88,90,91 Carpenter, Μ. 149 Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 41 Chaika, Y. 115 Chaillan, N. 141 Chandler, C. 156 Charter international system 6,17-20,23, 31, 34, 39, 42, 55, 91 Charter liberalism 39 Chemical Weapons
Convention (CWC) 93, 113-14 Chepiga, A. (Boshirov) 95 Chernukhin, L. 98 Chemukhin, V. 98 China: accusing cyberattack on Microsoft Exchange servers 135; acts as salutary
Index 203 warning 171; AI supremacy 141; anti China campaign 172; anti-hegemonic alignment of 33; attack on Pyongyang’s servers 140; BeiDou (BDS) 22; bilateral cybersecurity treaty with Russia 139; Chinese laws 138; commodity prices of 20; conceivable situation against Russia and 128; cyber-hacking activities 136; domestic affairs between Russia and 23; enormous cultural resources of 47; Europe to higher-paying Asian customers and 53; liberal hegemony 9; loss in 1949 7-8; member of Charter international system 18; Merkel expose cyberespionage activities against 56; NATO in Europe and 114; neo-McCarthyism 152; ‘new cold war’ between United States and 174; Offensive Cyber relations to Russia and 105; philosophy of 32; and Russia, hegemonic ambitions of Atlantic West 20; send warships to contest Russian dominance 130; Soviet Union and 17; systemic competitors of 114; tariff war against 39; trilateral convergence of disinformation narratives 156; Trump argue about cold war 8; United States against 127; US military brinkmanship with Russia and 130; US National Cyber Security Strategy 133; ‘Wedges’ driven between Russia and 21 Chinese-style ‘social credit’ system 135 Chizhov, V. 54 Chossudovsky, Μ. 147 Churchill, W. 12 Chutkan, T. 74 Clinesmith, K. 69 Clinton, B. 15,78,92 Clinton, H. 8, 15,62-66,69, 78,89, 91, 96,110,113, 167,168, 185,188 Cohen, Μ. 67,131 Cohen, S. F. 4.80, 159 Core, P. 69 Cold War/Cold War 11,3,12,18-19; in 1989-91 2, 166, 188; allegations of electoral interference 101; anti communist crusade during 8; Atlantic powers after 23; campaigns 50; Civil Rights
organisations and anti-war movements 45; condemnation of 96; condemned as Western ‘imperialism’ 24; conditions of renewal 45; democracy movements into potential allies of 189; disinformation and news management 4; domestic and foreign affairs 97; effectiveness of campaigns in 174; end with pan-European agenda 42; focus on legitimacy of actions 3; foreign policy debates in conditions of 161; genuine ‘resistance’ to 5; geopolitical struggle in 4; global hegemon during 56; hierarchical conduct of 111 ; inclusive pan-European security order 13; intensification of hostilities 17; with liberal democracy 175; liberalism 177; Toss’of China in 1949 7-8; mentalities and hostilities 101,105,167, 170; MI5 report 99; military alliance system 18; military structure and cultural matrix 189; model of regime pluralism against universalism 23; natural configuration of international politics 19; pan-European security order 13; practices 185; prevent a nuclear confrontation 77; ‘principal architect’ of 77; principles of Atlantic West 1; repressive legislation 146; signing of a peace treaty 39; social consciousness and public discourse 64; Soviet leadership 6; against Soviet Union 1,158; transformation of NATO 154; ‘victors’ in 39; war of words and normative condemnation 45 Cold War II2, 7,9,78-82; anxiety about Russia 12; Atlantic alliance 101; attack on diplomacy and diplomatic infrastructure 172; cultural context of 14,47; and dissenting views 78-82; distinctive genre of 48; fundamental concern in 14; fundamental security and cultural root of 190; historical revisionism 12; ideological
battles of 13; ideological overlay to 41; ideological war of 13,148; informational warfare 151; and interference 166-71; international affairs 7; militant rhetoric of 100; Russia and China, accusing of‘hybrid warfare’ operations 133; Russiagate allegations 62; Russia Scare and 32-37; struggle between liberal democracies 9; tragedy of 44 Collins, D. 88 Collusion (Harding) 159 Comey, J. 62,63 Communist Manifesto 1 Computer Incident Response Coordination Centre 139 Congress of Vienna 2 Conservative Party 97, 98,105
204 Index Coombes, S. 5 Cooper, A. 68 Corbyn, J. 93,112,113 corruption: democracy in United Kingdom 88; fraud and 109; and ideological characteristics 14; inflation and 179; offshore corruption 48-51 Corsi, J. 89 Crimea: Crimean War (1853-6) 2, 114; European policy towards 126; international waters and 112; reincorporation of 128; ‘rules-based order’ 55; Russian annexation of 1, 44; Sevastopol naval base in 111 Cruz, T. 88 cultural conflict 37-45 Cummings, D. 90, 92 CWC see Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) cyberattacks 133-38 cyber conflict and management 133; cyberattacks and hybrid warfare 133-38; cyber relations 138-42 cyber-enabled disinformation 148 cyber-enabled warfare (CEIW) 136 cyber relations 138-42 Danchenko, I. 67, 69, 70, 110 Dawisha, K. 48 Dearborn, R. 73 Dearlove, R. 188 death ofpluralism 189 Deception: Russiagate and the New Cold War (Lexington) 2 decommunisation laws 14 de Gustine, Μ. 10 Defence and Security Media Advisory (DSMA) Notice 93 Defence Condition (DEFCON) 128 Dejevsky, Μ. 5 Delaney, S. 151 The Democracy Integrity Project (TDIP) 151 democratic destabilisation 96 democratic institutionalists 31 democratic internationalism 31, 185-86 Democratic National Committee (DNC) 8, 95; Clinton campaign against Bernie Sanders 15, 65, 69; documents from DCCC 140; ‘hack and leak’ operation against 56, 68, 98, 136, 169; material publish by WikiLeaks 102; minor activities of IRA 170; and Podesta material, Russian collusion allegations 15, 64; servers, GRU hacking 66 Deng Xiaoping 172 Denham, E. 90 Diesen, G. 5, 150,166 digital authoritarianism 146 disinformation:
‘active measures’ and 45; campaign during 2016 election 64; campaigns and political influence operations 97; counter-disinformation complex 149-57; deliberate propagation of falsehoods 107; democracy in the United Kingdom 88; financial support for opponents 32; global disinformation war 145—49; and news management 4; Russian disinformation 15,68,109,123 distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack 134 Djukanovic, Μ. 122-23 Dmitriev, K. 113 Dmitriev, Y. 43 DNC see Democratic National Committee (DNC) D-Notices see Defence and Security Media Advisory (DSMA) Notice Dolan, C. 69, 70 Donnelly, C. 109 Dugin, A. 35, 126 Durham, J. 15,68-69, 96 East StratCom Task Force 123 ‘ecosystem’ metaphor 35, 148 Ecuadorean authorities 80 EEAS see European External Action Service (EEAS) Ellám, Μ. 92 Ellehuus, R. 106 Engels, F. 1 Epikopos, Μ. 160 Erdoğan, R. T. 1 Erickson, P. 72-74 Espionage Act 80,100 ‘European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism’ 12 European External Action Service (EEAS) 123 European Reassurance Initiative 154 European security 1; transformation 40; treaty 171 EUvsDisinfo 156-57 FARA see Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) Farage, N. 89,103 Farkas, E. 147, 154 Federal Assembly 38
Index 205 Fedotov, V. 99 Feinstein, D, 151 Felshtinsky, Y. 76 Fillon, F. 125 FISA see Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Flynn, M. 62, 100 Foglesong, D. 10 ‘foreign agents’ law 43 Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) 71, 98,100 Foreign Intelligence Service 46 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) 62, 66, 69 Foxall, A. 92 Freeman, Μ. 32 Fridman, Μ. 107 Gabbard, T. 80 Gaddafi, Μ. 55 Galloway, G. 103 Gaynutdin, M. R. 40 Gazprom 53, 70, 99, 156 Gebrev, E. 122 ‘gender dysphoria’ 26 General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces 46 Geneva Consensus Declaration 40 Geneva summit 139, 141, 149 geopolitics 37֊45 Georgia: cyberattacks on 134; Russia’s invasion of 54; Russo-Georgia war of 2008 54, 134; Ukraine and 34 Gerasimov, V. 46 German Marshall Fund 153 Gershman, C. 166 Girard, R. 12,187 Gleason, J. H. 11 global disinformation war 145-49 Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act 16 Glorious Revolution in England (1688) 2 Gorbachev, Μ. 6, 40, 51,121,123, 168,171 Gorka, K. 152 Gorka, S. 152 Gove, Μ. 156 Graham, L. 150 Graham, T. 138 Grayling, C. 97 Greenwald, G. 169 ‘grey diplomacy’ 149 Grieve, D. 103 Gryzlov, B. 154 guerrilla conflict 185 Guzzanti, P. 93 Haines, A. 47 Halliday, F. 33-34 Halligan, L. 92 Harding, L. 159 Haspel, G. 94 Hayden, Μ. 134, 176 Helsinki summit 178 Hendrickson, D. 177 Hendrik, T. 156 Henry Jackson Society 92 Hersh, S. 161 Hersman, R. 7 Higgins, E. 154 Hitchens, P. 112 Ho Chi Minh 175 Hosie, S. 102 House Intelligence Committee 66, 68,75 House Judicial Committee 68 House of Commons Intelligence and Security Committee (ISC) 96 House of
Commons’ Intelligence Select Committee 9 House of Commons Russia Report 188 House Un-American Activities Committee 8 How to Lose the Information War (Jankowicz) 68 Hulsman, J. 176 al-Hussein, Z. R. 160 hybrid warfare 133-38 ICA see Intelligence Community Assessment (ICA) ICH see International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) ICO report see Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) report IMF 21 ‘impenetrable cyber security unit’ 139 Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) report 90 Information Security Doctrine 140 Integrity Initiative bills 109,152 Intelligence Community Assessment (ICA) 9, 100 Intelligence Select Committee (ISC) Russia Report 92 Interim National Security Strategic Guidance (Biden) 32 International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) 49
206 Index International Information Security Principles 136 Internet Research Agency (IRA) 8, 64,137 Islamic State 33 Islamophobia 25 Jackson, H. 72 Jackson-Vanik amendment 16, 17 Jankowicz, N. 68 Jarrett, G. 62 Johnson, B. 96, 107,156 Johnson, L. 175 Johnstone, D. 7 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear deal 16 Joint Threat Research Intelligence Group (JTRIG) 153 Jones, D. J. 151 Jones, O. 106 Jong-nam, K. 93 Jong-un, K. 93 JTRIG see Joint Threat Research Intelligence Group (JTRIG) Kasparov, G. 48 Kaspersky Lab 22 Kastner, J. 32,153 Kelin, A. 114 Kennan, G. 36, 77, 176, 184 Kettle, Μ. 104 Khan Sheikhoun 161 Khangoshvili, Z. 125 Khodorkovsky, Μ. 105 Kisilëv, D. 146 Kislyak, S. 76 Kissinger, H. 75, 76 Klarenberg, К. 5 kleptocracy 48, 50 Kolerov, Μ. 47 Komisar, L. 5 Korean War in 1950 8 Kovtun, D. 93 Kramer, D. 47 Kremlin Watch Program of the European Values Centre for Security Policy 157 Kribbe, H. 78 Kulhanek, J. 122 Kupchan, C. 172 Kuznetsov, V. 166 Labour Party 7, 104-5 Lafayeedney, D. 109 Lammy, D. 92 Laruelle, Μ. 44,149 Lavrov, S. 20,122,124,167 Lawrence, P. 44,161 Leave.EU 88, 90, 92 Lebedev, A. 107 Lebedev, E. 107 Lemire, J. 160 Levada polling agency 37, 177 Lewis, J. 97 liberal hegemony 6, 9,18,19,23, 26, 31-33, 38, 105,186,189, 190 liberalism 1, 23,25, 39-42,44,91, 158,177 Lieven, A. 174, 176 Limonier, К. 149 Litvinenko, A. 76, 93-94 Lucas, E. 109 Lugovoi, A. 93 Lukashenko, A. 55, 129 Maastricht Treaty 90 Macron, E. 125 Magnitsky, S. 16-17, 109 Magnitsky Act 17, 109,173 The. Magnitsky Act: Behind the Scenes (film) 5, 16 Maidan revolution in Ukraine 14,
44 Malkevich, A. 149 Mailoch, T. 89 Malofeev, K. 149 Manafort, P. 67 Manning, C. 80 Marchetti, R. 5 Markov, S. 43 Marx, K. 1 Marxism-Leninist ideology 36 Maté, A. 103, 186 Matlock, J. 167,168 Matveeva, A. 5 May, T. 88, 91, 93, 105 McCain, J. 10 McCarthy, J. 8,184 McCarthy era 8 McCarthyism 76, 79,146,149,172 McFaul, Μ. 78 McGinn, C. 98 McMeekin, S. 12 Mearsheimer, J. 81 Medvedev, D. 43,171 Memorial Human Rights Centre 43 Mercer, R. 90 Merkel, A. 52, 56, 124, 125 Metían, G. 11 Michel, L. 149 military alliance system 18
Index 207 Miller, P. 46, 94 Mironyuk, S. 146 Mishkin, A. (Petrov) 94,95 Mitrokhin Commission 93 Mogherini, F. 122 monism 189 Morawiecki, Μ. 129 Moreno, L. 80 Morgenthau, H. 176 ‘The Moscow Project’ 146 Mossack Fonseca 49 Mueller, R. 62, 64,66, 68, 71, 75, 80, 89, 97, 101, 167, 175 Murashov, N. 135 Murdoch, R. 103 Narochnitskaya, N. 47 Naryshkin, S. 26, 154 National Defence Authorisation Act 127 National Endowment for Democracy (NED) 50,166, 167 National Intelligence Estimate Key Judgement 2 185 National Offensive Cyber Programme (NOCP) 105 national populism 31, 39 ‘national populist’ revolt 87 National Security Presidential Memorandum 13 (NSPM 13) 137-38 NATO see North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) NATO-Russia Council in 2002 3 5 Navalny, A. 37, 48,125, 172, 173 Nazi regime 12 NED see National Endowment for Democracy (NED) Nekrasov, A. 5, 16,17, 109 neo-intelligence 188 neo-journalism 157-61, 185, 188 neo-McCarthyism 152 neo-revisionism 20, 31, 32, 38, 54, 167, 171 New Political Thinking (Gorbachev) 20 ‘new realist’ policy (Putin) 32, 54 Nicholas I of Russia 55 Niebuhr, R. 176 Nikonov, V. 76 Nimmo, B. 152 Nixon, R. 75 NOCP see National Offensive Cyber Programme (NOCP) Nolte, E. 13 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 33; Atlantic Council ‘NATO’s propaganda wing 154; core of Atlantic power system 188; establishment of 18; and EU 3,19,121; European security by Russia and 171; forces in Afghanistan 127; German unification and 34; liberal democracy and organisations 34; NATO-Russia Council in 2002 35; NATO-Russia Founding Act 129; policies in Central and Eastern
Europe 155; relationship with Europe and China 114; Stratcom Centre of Excellence 123; strategic plans 112; Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) 154; US alliance system 77; warnings against peace with Russia 109; and Western policy in Ukraine 75 NotPetya cyberattack (2017) 135 Novichok92, 93,95, 114, 125 Nunes, D. 66 Nuremberg trials 12 Nye, J. 24, 47 Obama, B. 15, 17, 20, 33, 56, 62, 89, 92, 102, 133, 140, 168, 171 Obama-era executive order 138 OCCRP see Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) Official Secrets Act 100 Ohr, B. 66 ontological exclusivity 189 OPCW see Organisation for the Prevention of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Open-Ended Working Group 141 open-source intelligence (OSINT) 154 Operation Infektion 15 Orange Revolution of autumn 2004 52 Orbán, V. 1 Orbis Business International 46 Organisation for the Prevention of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) 93, 95, 113-14 Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) 49-50 Ország, P. 92 Osaka G20 summit 39 OSINT see open-source intelligence (OSINT) Owen, R. 93 PACE see Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) PACs see political action committees (PACs) Page, C. 62,66-67,69
208 Index pan-European security order 13 Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) 12 Pashinyan, N. 55 ‘patronal autocracy’ 21 Paul, R. 38 Pegasus software 134-35 Peskov, D. 74,130 Petrov, A. (Mishkin) 94,95 Pew Research Centre survey 178 Phillips, T. 6 Pilger, J. 161 Pinchuk, V. 154 Podesta, J. 8, 56,65, 167, 169 Polish revolution of 1830 2 political action committees (PACs) 168 Politkovskaya, A. 123 Pollack, B. J. 80 Pomerantsev, P. 34 populism 23-26 Portman-Murphy Countering Disinformation and Propaganda Act 151 Postoi, T. 161 PPP see purchasing power parity (PPP) Prigozhin, Y. 64,122,149 Primakov, Y. 26 purchasing power parity (PPP) 21 Pussy Riot 150 Putin, V.: advocacy of healthy conservatism 42; alienation from liberal culture of the West 41; argument about liberalism 91; authorisation 33; Biden agreed to summit with 128; ‘blackmailing’ Europe 54; comments on Osaka G20 summit 39; ‘conservative institutionalist’ 31; démonisation of 169; follows Orange Revolution of autumn 2004 52; in G20 meeting 56; handling of international affairs 179; Helsinki press conference with 81; ideological flexibility and pragmatism 25; influencing campaign in US presidential elections 2016 63; ‘kleptocratic regime’ 50; leadership and managerial techniques of 1; legal ‘continuer’ state to Soviet Union 13; Long War against American Science 71; The Magnitsky Act: Behind the Scenes (film) 14, 15; mix of statism 12; ‘new realist’ policy 32, 54; official policy view 37; Orthodoxy and Christian values 26; policy of neo-revisionism 167; ‘Putin apologists’ 80; ‘Putin-linked elites’ 98;
‘Putin-linked’ oligarchs 78; The Putin Paradox 2; Putin ’s Revenge 14; PutinTrump summit in Helsinki 71; ‘Putin whisperers’ 145-46; reinforcement of Russia’s European credentials 41; revolt against liberal hegemony 190; rule of20,43; Russian interference in British elections 9; Russian polity under 14; sentiments in Russian polity and society 12; social and political order 34; Trump’s summit with 160; ‘Tulsi Gabbard’s campaign 80 The Putin Paradox 2 Putin’s Revenge 14 Raab, D. 113 radicalisation of liberal internationalism 31-32 Ragozin, L. 114,156 Ratcliffe, J. 70 Reagan National Defence Survey 179 Republic in Peril (Hendrickson) 177 Responsibility to Protect (R2P) 19, 54 REvil code 136 REvil group 135 revisionism 12,19,32,167 Rice, Μ. 150 Rid, T. 64 Ritter, S. 145 Robinson, P. 5, 37,44,108, 129,148, 156 RoC see Russian Orthodox Church (RoC) Rohrbacher, D. 38 Rojansky, Μ. 152 Roldugin, S. 49 Romney, Μ. 177 Roosevelt, F. D. 12 Rosenstein, R. 62 Ross, J. 103 Ross, W. 49 R2P see Responsibility to Protect (R2P) Rugge, F. 142 rules-based international order 6,20, 31, 40, 55,105 rules-based international system 92,114 Russia: active measures and soft power 45-48; assertive foreign policy 20-21 ; biased assessments of state policy 140; charges of collusion between Trump and 8; civilisational tradition 35; constitutional order of 43; defence budget in 2020 23; digital infrastructure 133; economic war on 94; Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 71; foreign-owned investment fund in 109; foreign policy 33,34,47,55, 75,97,
Index 209 123; historical legacy 41; homosexuality banned in 56; ‘hybrid war’ against 43; information assets 139; Information Security Doctrine 140; intelligence agencies and 46,156; intelligence services and 6, 123; interference in US energy sector 48; international context of 17-23; intervention in Syria 33; invasion of Ukraine 12, 49; join with European international society 10; Kremlin Watch Program of the European Values Centre for Security Policy 157; leadership 14, 55,95,127; leadership ‘unleashed’ Word War 1 (1914) 12; liberal democracies 91; national identity and 11; NATO-Russia Council (2002) 35,129; neurosis 36; official policies 136; politics of 32-33, 77; populism and 23—26; Putin and Trump relationship with 65; reincorporation of Crimea by 128; relations with Europe 121 ; report of 96-108; revolution of 7; and RoC, relationship between 40; Russophobia see Russophobia; security services 122; Soviet Union in 1991 6; treaty obligations and debts 13; and United States, relations between 54,72; Western perceptions of 11 ‘Russia anxiety’ (Smith) 10-11 Russia-based ransomware cyberattack (2021)135 Russiagate allegations 8,62-71, 77,90, 105,158, 159, 172 Russiagate scandal 15, 137-39, 167 TÄe Russia Hoax (Jarrett) 62 Russian interference 90,92,170; allegations of 11; in British politics 9, 96; in EU referendum 100; issue of 160; in presidential election (2016) 100,151; Russiagate allegations focus on 63; in Scottish and Brexit referendums 97, 101-3 Russian Orthodox Church (RoC) 26, 39-40 Russian phobia see Russophobia Russian polity 5,10, 12-14,123 Russia Report 9,37,
92,96^111,184,188 ‘Russia scare’ 9,38, 166, 170; and Cold War 1132—37; in context 188; in Germany 124; Intelligence Community Assessment (ICA) 9; international context of 17-23; ‘kleptocratic Putin regime’ 50; Moscow’s use of energy resources 51; neo-joumalism and 157-61; in United Kingdom 102; in United States 108; US presidential election (2016) 51 Russkii Mir Foundation 47 Russo-Georgian War of2008 54,134 Russophobia 3,9-17,44,73,101, 107,177 Ryan, D. 154 Sacco, N. 158 SALT II treaty 188 Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2018 100 Sanders, B. 15, 81,169 Savoini, G. 126 scapegoat mechanism 12,44,82,150,168, 171,186-87 Scaramella, Μ. 93 Schiff, A. 68,170 Schroeder, G. 38,124 SCO see Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Scottish independence referendum (2014) 87,97,10L 103^1,115 Serbia 22, 26,55 Sergeev, D. 95 Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Accountability Act 16 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 140 SHAPE see Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) Sikorski, R. 109 Simes, D. 75-78 Simonyan, Μ. 150 Simpson G. 71 Simson, K. 53 Sino-American contradictions 33 Skripal, S. 92-96.106 Skripal, Y. 51,92,96,106 Smiley, G. 3 Smiley, X. 10 Smith, Μ 10 Snowden, E. 56 soft power 114; active measures and 45-48; adoption of language 3; Russian soft power 23-26; strategies 123 Soros, G. 151,166 Soviet Union: aid Greece and Turkey 17; American views of 184; Atlantic West collapse of 14; and China 17; Civil Rights organisations and anti war movements 45; collective security
210 Index regime in Eastern Europe 13; diasporic legacies 41; diplomatic relations with 7; legacy security state 50; and liberal hegemony 189; militant regime in Moscow 3; revolutionary power 8; strategy of 190; struggle against fascism 26; transformation and disintegration of 6, 54; US-led international order 19; war scare with 6 Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Russian Federation 40 ‘Sputnik’ 138 Stalin, J. 3, 12, 13, 36, 43 Stanovaya, T. 37 Starova, R. 17 START see Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) State Department’s Global Engagement Centre (GEC) 147 Steele, C. 46, 62, 65-67, 69, 110 Steele dossier 46, 62,65-67,69, 70, 94, 111, 151, 159 Stephanopoulos, G. 111 Stolyarov, A. 166 Stone, O. 184 Stone, R. 89 Storonsky, N. 99 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) 75 Strategic Communications Command (Stratcom) Centre of Excellence 123 Strategic Culture Foundation 89 Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) 154 Sushentsov, A. 36 Sussmann, Μ. 69 ‘Sustaining Deterrence in Europe’ initiative 127 Syria 4, 12, 39, 161; armed forces in 23; conflict 4; oil-producing areas of 185; peace in 97; perspectives and policies in 21; Russia’s intervention in 33; war in 82 system of international law 6 Taibbi, Μ. 81,153 Tanden, N. 146 Taylor, Μ. 80 Temerko, A. 99,105 Tennison, S. 80 Testament of Peter the Great 10 Thatcher, Μ. 90, 109 Thompson Reuters Foundation 112 Tikhanovskaya, S. 55,166 Timmermans, F. 53 Torshin, A. 71 Trenin, D. 145 Truman, H. 18 Truman Doctrine 18 Trump, D. J.: advocacy of economic nationalism 169; agenda 62; and Alfa Bank, evidence ties between
69; anti abortion initiative 40; campaign of 8, 66-67; conservative neo-isolationism and neo-mercantilism 24; first major foreign policy speech 75-76; lack of concern for human rights 160; mercantilist instincts 52; National Cyber Strategy 138; presidential administration 102; and Russia in 2016 15; Sino-US relations in 36; summit with Putin 160; in US election (2016) 2,187 Trump-era cyber-operations order 137 Truss, L. 129 Tsygankov, A. 11 UK Independence Party (UKIP) 25, 88, 89 UK Local Government Act of 1988 56 Ukraine 19; crisis of 2014 1, 35, 36, 173; decommunisation laws 14; geopolitical threat to 52; Maidan revolution in 14, 44; ΝΑΤΟ/US security enlargement to 171; Poland and 52; propaganda campaigns 21; and Russia, energy disputes between 51; Russian state actors against 135; Russia’s invasion of 12, 49, 186; Soviet-style threat and invasion of 3; three-pronged invasion of 129; war in 2022 4, 54, 62, 78,139 Ukrainian Orthodox Church 26 United Kingdom (UK): beneficial ownership of property in 49; Brexit vote in 185; challenges and opportunities facing 4; democratic processes 98; and Europe 109; intelligence community 100; ‘international rules-based system’ 91; National Cyber Security Centre 113; and Russia, interactions between 100; Russia Report in 184; Russia scare in 102; significant threat to Russia 37; targets Russia in destabilisation campaign 112; Trump campaign and Leave campaign in 89; and United States, negotiation between 96; US ‘illegals’ and settled in 92; visa renewal difficulties in 108; Washington-based Centre for Strategic and International Studies
124
Index 211 United Nations (UN): Charter international system based on 17, 23, 31; R2P adoption by 19; UN-based Charter international system 186; UN General Assembly 141; UN human rights commissioner 160 United States (US) 175--80; alliance system 77; Al Qaeda attack on 4; ASEEES report in 37; ‘an authoritarian surveillance state’ in 88; Democratic Party in 9,62; democratic process 63; dominated international politics 32; electoral politics 66; foreign agent in 151; foreign policy 170; Group of Governmental Experts by 141 ; Intelligence Community 63,137; liberal establishment in 146; National Cyber Security Strategy 133; National Intelligence Council 47; National Rifle Association (NRA) 71; National Security Agency 133; and NATO, security treaties with 19; in postwar era 6; and Russia, relations between 72; Russiagate allegations in 87,90,184; Russiagate scandal in 138,167; Russia’s meddling in 15; Senate Foreign Relations Committee 88; Special Operations Command (SOCOM) 153; tension between Russia and 54; and United Kingdom, trade negotiation between 96 Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 17 universalism 23 UN Security Council 18, 21,106 US Agency for Global Media (USAGM) 146, 159 US Agency for International Development 50 USAGM see US Agency for Global Media (USAGM) Vandenberg, A. 18 Vanzetti, B. 158 Veselnitskaya, N. 17 WADA see World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Wagner Group (WG) 122, 136, 156 WannaCry ransomware attack 135 Warner, B. 74 Washington, G. 77 Weir, F. 70 Weiss, Μ. 154 West, N. 46, 94, 123 Whelan, P. 74 WikiLeaks 65,68, 79-80, 89, 102,125, 134,139
Wilson, W. 18 Wohlforth, W. C. 32,153 Wolff, Μ. 66 World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) 95 Xi Jinping 172 Yakovenko, A. 90 Yanukovych, V. 52, 128 Yeltsin, B. 14 Yonov, A. 149 Zakharova, Μ. 42, 112 Zhirinovsky, V. 167 Zuckerberg, Μ. 155 Bayerische StebiWtoihek München |
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| author | Sakwa, Richard 1953- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)13407565X |
| author_facet | Sakwa, Richard 1953- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Sakwa, Richard 1953- |
| author_variant | r s rs |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048467095 |
| classification_rvk | ML 7250 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1349541525 (DE-599)KXP1800901593 |
| dewey-full | 355/.033547 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 355 - Military science |
| dewey-raw | 355/.033547 |
| dewey-search | 355/.033547 |
| dewey-sort | 3355 533547 |
| dewey-tens | 350 - Public administration and military science |
| discipline | Politologie Militärwissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Politologie Militärwissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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This book examines the 'Russia scare' in a dynamic manner, stressing the interaction between threat perception, responses and subsequent policies. What forms does this alleged meddling take, what are the instruments used, how effective are the deployed tools, and who are the allies with which Russia works in these endeavours? Above all, what impact does this work have on target societies? The book also explores why Russia engages in such activities, what the probable chain of command is (if any), and the role of the Russian leadership in all of this, as well as investigating the response of Western societies and governments. The author sifts the real from the imagined, which can only be achieved by establishing the larger historical context. He scrutinises the fundamental question: is Russia really engaged in a sustained 'hybrid warfare' campaign to sow discord and undermine Western democracies? If so, what are the strategic purposes underlying such activity? 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| geographic | Westliche Welt (DE-588)4079237-7 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Westliche Welt Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV048467095 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T20:35:40Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:38:56Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781032011509 9781032011516 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033844976 |
| oclc_num | 1349541525 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-188 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-188 DE-12 |
| physical | viii, 211 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20230224 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Routledge |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Innovations in international affairs |
| spelling | Sakwa, Richard 1953- Verfasser (DE-588)13407565X aut The Russia scare fake news and genuine threat Richard Sakwa London ; New York, NY Routledge 2023 viii, 211 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Innovations in international affairs Includes bibliographical references and index "The Russia Scare assesses the scope, character and extent of Russian interference in the affairs of liberal democratic states. This book examines the 'Russia scare' in a dynamic manner, stressing the interaction between threat perception, responses and subsequent policies. What forms does this alleged meddling take, what are the instruments used, how effective are the deployed tools, and who are the allies with which Russia works in these endeavours? Above all, what impact does this work have on target societies? The book also explores why Russia engages in such activities, what the probable chain of command is (if any), and the role of the Russian leadership in all of this, as well as investigating the response of Western societies and governments. The author sifts the real from the imagined, which can only be achieved by establishing the larger historical context. He scrutinises the fundamental question: is Russia really engaged in a sustained 'hybrid warfare' campaign to sow discord and undermine Western democracies? If so, what are the strategic purposes underlying such activity? Various hypotheses are analysed, notably that Russian post-Cold War activity is nothing exceptional in the context of great power confrontation; that all great powers are engaged in one way or another in such actions, and thus contextualisation is important; and that Russia's subversive activity has been greatly exaggerated, and very often entirely misrepresented. This book will be of great interest to students, scholars and politicians of international relations, comparative politics, security and defence studies, global governance and Russian politics, as well as political advisers, NGOs, diplomats and journalists"-- Desinformation (DE-588)4252093-9 gnd rswk-swf Information warfare (DE-588)4461975-3 gnd rswk-swf Westliche Welt (DE-588)4079237-7 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Information warfare / Russia (Federation) / History Cyberspace operations (Military science) / Russia (Federation) Disinformation / Russia (Federation) / History Cyberterrorism / Russia (Federation) Western countries / Foreign relations / Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / Western countries Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Desinformation (DE-588)4252093-9 s Information warfare (DE-588)4461975-3 s Westliche Welt (DE-588)4079237-7 g DE-604 Äquivalent Druck-Ausgabe, Paperback 978-1-032-01151-6 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebk. 978-1-00-317740-1 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033844976&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033844976&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033844976&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Sakwa, Richard 1953- The Russia scare fake news and genuine threat Desinformation (DE-588)4252093-9 gnd Information warfare (DE-588)4461975-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4252093-9 (DE-588)4461975-3 (DE-588)4079237-7 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | The Russia scare fake news and genuine threat |
| title_auth | The Russia scare fake news and genuine threat |
| title_exact_search | The Russia scare fake news and genuine threat |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The Russia scare fake news and genuine threat |
| title_full | The Russia scare fake news and genuine threat Richard Sakwa |
| title_fullStr | The Russia scare fake news and genuine threat Richard Sakwa |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Russia scare fake news and genuine threat Richard Sakwa |
| title_short | The Russia scare |
| title_sort | the russia scare fake news and genuine threat |
| title_sub | fake news and genuine threat |
| topic | Desinformation (DE-588)4252093-9 gnd Information warfare (DE-588)4461975-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Desinformation Information warfare Westliche Welt Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033844976&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033844976&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033844976&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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