The Cold War endgame: geopolitics, arms control, and a planned revolution, 1984–1991
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Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London
Lexington Books
[2022]
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents Acknowledgments ix Abbreviations xiii Introduction xvii PART I: A PLANNED REVOLUTION: 1984-1989 1 Chapter 1: The Genesis of Cocreation: 1984-1988 3 Chapter 2: A Shattered World? 99 PART II: THE EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT: 1989-1991 153 Chapter 3: The End of the Cold War: The German Settlement 155 Chapter 4: The Collapse of the Soviet Union: 1991-1992 223 Conclusion 301 Glossary 331 Bibliography 341 Index 355 About the Author 367 vii
Index Abandonment-Entrapment Cycles, xvii, 302 ABM Treaty, 15-16, 26, 41, 134, 307 Adam Schwaetzer, Irmgard, 103 Adamek, 240 Adelman, Kenneth, 3,16, 41 Afanas’eskiy, 243-44 Afghanistan, 42, 263 Akhromeyev, Sergey, 13, 15, 26-7, 39, 60, 111, 127, 129, 158-9, 165,178, 185, 189, 224, 229, 259, 269, 279 Alexsij, 112 Altenburg, Wolfgang, 20 Andreotti, Gulio, 70, 155, 162, 179, 184, 196, 201, 228, 236, 249, 253, 261, 265, 276 Andropov, Yuri, xxi, 6, 7, 305 Antall, József, 168, 241, 268 Arctic, 30, 46, 64, 111, 134, 308 Ashkabad, 274 Asmus, Ronald, 269 ATTU (Atlantic to the Ural), 19, 48, 54, 69, 100, 114-5, 118-9, 121-2, 228-9 August Coup, 233, 236, 240, 242, 267-70, 281 Avineri, Shlomo, 311 Austria, 110 Bahr, Egon, 47, 59, 130, 175, 178 Bakatin, Vadim, 272 Baker, James, 33, 102, 104, 107, 111, 157, 163-1, 169, 176-7, 186, 18990, 200, 225-6, 230, 237, 239-40, 242, 244, 362, 270, 301 Baklanov, Oleg, 260 Balkan, 36,134 Ballistic Missile Defense, 11,15-6, 236, 306-7 Baltic States, 30, 35-36,43,111-2, 119, 132, 134-5, 161, 189, 196, 299, 227, 234, 238, 240-1, 256-61, 263, 265-6, 268, 276, 280,317 Bartholomew, Reginald, 200, 224, 232, 249 Belarus/Byelorussia, 243,258, 267, 269, 272-3, 281 Benelux, 59 Berlin (East), ix, x, xxi, 43-4, 47-8, 107-9, 114, 121^1, 138, 162, 173, 177-8, 182, 194, 199, 261, 277, 322, 324 Bessmertnykh, Alexander, 28, 228, 230, 232, 257-8 Biden, Joseph, 35, 101, 105, 325 Bielecki, Jan Krzystof, 271 Blackwill, Robert, 127 Blagovolin, Sergey, 185 Blanton, Thomas S., 39, 304 355
356 Index Blumenau, Bernhard, xx Bodarenko, Alexander, 110, 180, 186, 196 Boldin, Valery, 267 Bovin, Alexander, 47 Brands, Hal, 303 Brandenburg Gate, 44 Brandt, Willy, 45-7, 172-3 Bratislava, 22 Brest-Litowsk, 192, 201, 277; Brest to Brest, 68, 71, 115, 121, 136, 192, 238, 242, 254, 2779,281,321 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 303 Brezhnev, Leonid, xviii, 4, 35, 113, 122; Brezhnev Doctrine, xxii, 35, 136, 173,304 Brown, Archie, 20, 269, 304-5, 322 Brundtland, Gro Harlem, 57,105 Brussels, 130, 185 Brutents, Karen, 34 Bulgaria, 113, 136, 239, 242 Bundy, McGeorge, 322 Bush, George Herbert Walker, x, xviii, 7, 27, 3-5, 42, 49, 69, 99-101, ЮЗ111, 115, 120, 122-24, 126-32, 1367, 160-1, 164-7, 169, 179-84, 186, 189, 191-2, 194, 198, 201-2, 223, 225, 228, 230-1, 235-7, 239, 241-2, 245-7, 251-4, 257, 260-1, 263-74, 276, 279-80, 309-10, 314-5, 324 Camp David, 182, 184 Canada, 118, 241,246, 273 Cannon, Lou, 33 Carlucci, Frank, 26-7, 55, 59 Carter, Jimmy, 24, 29, 302 Caucasus, 161, 193-4, 196-7, 315; Caucasus Summit, 203 Cheney, Dick Richard, 35 Chernenko, Konstantin, xxii, 7, 37, 304 Chernavin, Vladimir, 260 Chernoff, Fred, 305 Chernyaev, Anatoly, xxii, 27, 69,169, 188,191,194, 227, 231,266 Chernyshev, Vladimir, 21 Chevenement, Jean-Pierre, 70 China 8, 9, 17, 33, 39, 40-1 Chirac, Jacques, 63 Churchill, Winston, 33, 102, 309 Clark, Joe, 199 Clinton Administration, 321 Clausewitz, Karl von, xviii, 133, 170 Cold Peace, 325 Cold War, ix, xvii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, 27, 33, 48,53, 55, 60, 66-7, 100, 104, 107, 110, 115, 117, 123, 127, 129, 133, 136, 165, 202, 223, 225, 234, 237, 239, 248, 250, 251,
253, 269, 277,301,303-8,310,316, 318, 321-5; Cold War Endgame, xix, xxi, xxiii, 4, 253 301-2, 307 Comecon, 51, 55, 65,70, 137, 170-2, 227, 275, 278, 309 Common House of Europe, ix, xxiii, 22, 45, 47, 59-1, 54-5, 57,59, 62, 66-8, 70, 71, 100, 107-9, 113, 117-8, 121֊ 2, 156-8, 160-1, 168-72, 175-6, 181, 185, 188-9, 192-3, 198, 223, 233, 238-9, 248, 275, 277, 279, 281, 308,310,313,318, 323 Commonwealth of Free Nations, 1201,237, 251 Commonwealth of Independent State, 237, 243-4, 273-4, 281; CIS Alma Ata Declaration, 244, 274; CIS Minsk Declaration, 243,274, 281 Condominium, 34, 69, 126, 134, 136, 237 Confidence and Security Building Measures, 46, 135, 226 Conventional Forces Europe/ Conventional Stability Talks, 27, 29, 31-2, 43, 57, 101, 106-7, 110, 1145, 118-21, 128-9, 131-2, 135-6, 156, 161, 167, 178, 180, 184, 190,
Index 200, 224-30, 232-4, 236, 241, 249, 272, 278,308,313 Council of Europe, 114, 121, 242, 243, 245 Cox, Michael, 304, 315 CPSU: 27th Party Congress, 1986 40, 44, 47, 62, 65, 134, 169; 28th Party Congress, 1990 193, 277 Craig, Campbell, 305 Crimea, 233, 268, 271-2, 279 Crowe, Admiral William J., 16, 29 CSCE, xviii, xix, xxiii, 23-4, 43, 66, 70, 107-8, 110, 112, 114, 117, 129-3, 126,131, 136, 138, 155-65, 167-71, 175-7, 179-80, 182, 184-7, 190-2, 194-203, 223-7, 231-2, 239—40, 242-4, 246, 248-9, 251, 254-5, 275-8, 281, 308-10, 313-6, 318,321,323; CSCE Budapest Summit, 315; CSCE Conflict Prevention Center, 226; CSCE Magna Charta, 197, 225, 275; CSCE Helsinki Summit, 223, 234, 239, 255; CSCE Paris Charter, 158, 161, 198, 223-6, 246, 249, 278-9,318 Cuban Missile Crisis, 4 Czechoslovakia/CSSR, xxiii, 42, 46-7, 54, 130, 136, 158, 177, 180-1, 226, 238, 242, 254, 268, 306 Ciosek, Stanislaw, 180 Dean, Johnathan, 17 Delors, Jacques: Delors Commission 123, 245, 252-3, 266 Denmark, 105 Derjabin, Yuri S., 242 détente, xvii XVII, 3, 133, 303—4 Deutch, John, 17 357 Dienstbier, Jiri, 238 disarmament, xvii, xix, 9, 14, 28, 32, 43, 46, 48, 60, 64, 66-7, 109, 120-1, 135, 171, 189, 192, 277, 308 Dobbins, James, 125 Dobrynin, Anatolij, 12, 33, 49, 54, 55, 65 Domke, Helmut, 197 Donetsk, 271-2 Duisberg, Claus-Juergen, 181 Dregger, Alfred, 77, 102 Dumas, Roland, 249 Eagleburger, Lawrence, 103, 110 Ellemann-Jensen, Uffe, 102 Elysee Treaty, 60, 62, 66, 134, 247, 249, 278 Emergency Committee, 233, 268, 279 English, Robert, 323 Estonia, 256-7 Europe, xxiii, 11, 22, 30, 32, 34, 48, 64-5, 67, 79,
108-9, 117, 123 Euromissile Crisis, xvii, 13, 62, 302 European Army, 64, 68, 248 European deterrent, 68 European Parliament, 245 European Political Cooperation, 48, 70-1, 120, 123, 132, 245-6, 198, 248-50, 253, 278, 306,313 Europe puissance, 121, 132, 134, 136, 247-8, 263,278,306,313 European Security and Defense Identity, 120, 198, 247, 253, 255 European Study Steering Group, 181, 198, 201,249-51 European unity, ix Fortress Europe, 55, 120, 136 Kerneuropa/Mitteleuropa, 64, 66, 71, 278, 280 Pan-European order, xxi, 34, 49, 64-5, 67, 226-7, 238-40, 250, 254, 259, 281,309,315
358 Index Single European Act-Project, 1992 65, 69, 107, 117, 120, 122, 128, 132, 136, 172, 182, 246, 252-3 European Community, 55,65, 70, 108, 117-8, 120, 125, 157, 171-2, 177, 180, 183-4, 195, 198, 227, 239-40, 242-3, 245-50, 252-3, 266, 269-70, 273, 275, 278, 306, 308-10, 313,318, 324; EC Dublin Summit, 134, 136-7, 162, 246-7; EC FM Conference, The Hague, 162, 164, 169; EC Rome Council, 249-50, 278 Falin, Valentin, 112,165,185,189,191 Fascell, Dante, 171 FINABEL, 61 Finland, 36 Fischer, Oskar, 47-8, 114 Ford, Gerald, 29 Forsberg, Tuomas, 195 forward-based systems, 4, 5, 8, 61,106, 302 FOTL Follow On to Lance 1056, 137,183 France, 4-13, 17, 19, 21, 26, 32, 39-41, 46-7, 52, 59-62, 54, 70, 182,3, 185-6, 198, 227-8, 234, 246-8, 252, 254-5, 280; Franco-German, 47-8, 61-2, 66-9, 100, 102, 115, 132, 167, 245, 249-59, 252, 254,306,313 Freedman, Lawrence, 309 Fukuyama, Francis, xix, 130 Fulton Speech, 309; Fulton in Reverse, 33, 60, 114 G-7, 230, 264-6 Gaddis, John Lewis, 321-2 Galvin, John, 203 Gandhi, Mahatma, 57 Garthoff, Raymond, 322 Gates, Robert, 181, 201 Gelman, Harry, 61 Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 19, 45, 54-5, 60, 65-6, 69, 103^1, 106, 121, 124, 131, 156, 173-4, 177, 179, 185, 187, 192, 198, 200, 240, 242, 267, 266; Genscherism, 109, 175, 313; Genscher Plan, 176 Geneva, 12, 28; Geneva Summit, xviii, 8-10, 133, 306; Geneva Spirit, 8-9,13, 40, 191 Gerasimov, Gennady, 71 Germany, xix, xx, xxiii, 4, 6,19, 22, 28-9, 33-5, 37, 41, 44-5, 54, 56, 60-1, 63, 67-8, 71, 101-2, 104-9, 113-5, 118-20, 124-7, 129, 131-2, 134-7, 155, 157-64, 167, 170-1, 174, 176, 182-94, 196-98, 200-2,
224, 227, 233, 242, 246-8, 254, 257, 275, 277, 301, 308-9, 313-6, 317-8, 321, 325; GDR, x, xxiii, 46-50, 52-4, 69, 113, 115, 122-5, 135-6, 138, 155, 158-9, 173-4, 176-9, 181-6, 188, 190-4, 196-7, 201, 224, 259, 276֊ 8,314,317; German card, 122, 131; German Unification, 109, 115,124, 131-2, 138, 158-9, 161, 163, 166-7, 175, 185, 189, 191, 194, 196, 223-4, 228, 268-69, 276-8, 313֊ 6, 321, 324 Giraud, Andre, 19 Goldgeier, James, 195 Gorbachev, Mikhail S., xviii, xix, xx, З, 9, 10, 12,14-9, 21, 23-6, 28, 31-2, 34-5, 40-51, 53-4, 57, 60-1, 69-70, 100-2, 108-10, 112-5, 117-9, 120-2, 1269, 131, 132, 135-8, 155, 159-60, 163-6, 169-70, 173֊4, 176, 178, 180, 189-91, 193-4, 196, 199, 202, 226-38, 242, 257-8, 260-8,
Index 270, 272-6, 279-80, 304-7, 309310,315,318, 322, 324; Gorbachev Factor, 20,124; Gorbachev Plan, xviii, 10-5, 39-42, 63, 112, 235, 306; Gorbymania, 169 Gompert, David C, 247 Gorbunovs, Anatolijs, 270 Governors Island Summit, 32, 60, 136 GPALS, 237 Grachev, Andrej, 258, 272 Granieri, Ronald, 26 Great Patriotic War, 15, 110, 164, 175, 324 Greece, 36, 57, 202 GRIT, 59, 60, 106, 135, 236, 309 Gromyko, Andreij, 28, 37, 69, 275 Grosz, Karoly, 48, 113 Gromov, Boris, 262 Gulf War, 261 Gvendzadze, 175 Haas, Mark, 323 Hades Missile, 11, 60, 102 Hager, Kurt, 48 Haig, Alexander, 303 Hamburg, 157, 178; Uebersee Klub Address, 157, 178 Hanhimaeki, Jussi, 35, 302-3 Harmel, 281 Haughey, Charles, 245 Havel, Václav, 180-1, 238, 240, 268, 324 Helsinki Final Act, 112, 124,5, 155, 175, 180, 185, 191, 194, 198-9, 226, 241 Hewett, Ed, 262 Hilger Andreas, xxii Hitler, Adolf, 159; Hitler-Stalin Pact, 11-2, 256, 270 Hoffmann, Guenther, xxii Holloway, David, xx Holmes, James Howard, 10 Honecker, Erich, x, xxiii, 29, 41, 43-4, 46, 48, 50, 54, 113, 116-16, 122, 124, 135, 137-8, 169, 172-4 359 Houston Economic Summit, 163, 230, 279 Howe, Geoffrey, 19 Huettel, Rolf, 58 Hughes, Thomas, 197 Hugo, Victor, 117, 249 Hungary, xxiii, 48, 113, 124, 130, 136, 158, 168,226, 238, 241, 242, 254, 273 Hurd, Douglas, 223 Hutchings, Robert, 225 Hyland, William J., 28 Ikenberry, John G., 305, 314 IMEMO, 184-5 INF, 5-10, 17, 19, 22, 24, 32, 37-8, 42-3, 45, 47-8, 52-4, 56-7, 105-6, 110, 133, 135, 137,303, 307-8 Ireland, 245-6 Iron Curtain, xviii, xxiii, 109, 174, 309 Izvestiya, 47, 179, 188 Italy, 59, 61, 63, 68, 115,
183, 253, 255 Jaruzelski, Wojciech, 109, 111, 173; Jaruzelski Plan, 43, 46, 50, 111, 114, 118 Kadar, Janos, 48 Kagan, Robert, xxi Kaifu, Toshiki, 270 Kampleman, Max, 321 Kanter, Arnold, 127 Karpov, Victor, 10, 21, 114, 259 Kastrup, Dieter, 197 Katzenstein, Peter, 155 Kazakhstan, 234, 267, 273 Kekkonen, Unho, 36 KGB, 260-2, 268 Kiev, 131, 232, 267, 271-2, 280; (Chicken) Kiev Speech, 267 Kissinger, Henry, 28, 34, 103,117, 129, 307, 309 Kohl, Helmut, 3, 29, 46, 48, 50-1, 53, 54, 56, 58-6-, 100, 105-6, 124-5, 129, 137, 159, 161, 174-5, 177-8,
360 Index 182-4, 186, 188, 194, 196, 228, 230, 241, 246, 253—4, 257, 266, 269, 276,313 Kokoshin, Aandrei, 259 Koldunov, Alexander, 44 Korobushin, Varfolomei V., 156 Kozyrev, Andreij, 275 Kramer, Mark, 305, 315 Kravchuk, Leonid, 268, 271-3 Kremlin, xviii, 5-7, 12, 14-5, 20, 22-3, 27, 30-2, 36-7, 54, 61-3, 68, 100, 104, 107, 109-10, 188, 122, 124, 127-8, 133-5, 155, 158-9, 161, 164, 168, 173, 177-8, 180, 190, 195-6, 203, 228-31, 234, 236, 243, 252, 257, 259, 264, 266, 306, 308,316, 323 Krenz, Egon, 124, 173 Kiyuchkov, Vladimir, 177, 262, 266, 268 Kulikov, Viktor, 189 Kuntzman, Eric, ix Kvitzinskiy, Yuli, 20, 49, 126, 169 Landsbergis, Vytautas, 260 Lapidus, Gail, 38 Laptev, Ivan, 120 Latvia, 256-7, 270 Laxade, 260 Leffler Melvyn, xx Lebow, Richard Ned, 304 Lehman, Ronald, 56 Lenin, Vladimir L, ix, 38, 47,109, 112; Leninism, 47, 195-6, 237, 280,317; Leningrad, 258 Ligatchev, Yegor К., 305 Lincoln, Abraham, 7 Lithuania, 160,189, 227, 280, 317 Loewenkron, Barry, 242 London Economic Summit, 230,2657, 269, 279 Lushev, Pyotr, 188 Luxembourg, 61 Madrid Conference, 237 Major, John, 228, 235, 252-3 Malcolm, Neil, 62 Malta Summit, ix, 123-5, 127-31, 138, 155, 194, 245 Mainz Address, 108, 169, 310 Maiziere, Lothar de, 186-7, 192, 200, 223 Mamaladze, Stepanov, 179 Mann, Thomas, 179 Mastný, Vojtech, xx Marx, Karl: Marxism, xxi, xxiii, 291 Matlock, Jack, xvii, 8,112,163, 261, 263, 303, 322-3 Maxim Gorkii (Soviet Ship), 128-9 Mazowieki, Tadeusz, 116, 169,179, 186 McCloy, John J., 197 McFarlane, Robert, 8, 304 McNamara, Robert, 17 Meckel, Markus, 178 Mediterranean 30, 26, 40, 50, 111, 119,
127, 129, 134, 200, 277, 308 Mendelevich, Lev, 59 Meyer, Stephen, 18 Mies, Herbert, 41 Millennium Program, xix, xx, xxii, 39,41,69, 99, 115, 119, 133-5, 167, 276, 306 Miller, David, xx Mitterrand, François, 28, 57, 60, 108, 131, 161, 179, 190-1,201,228, 230, 234-5, 247, 249, 252, 254, 265-6, 280 Modrow, Hans, 176, 178 Moldova, 258 Moiseyev, Mikhail A., 229, 238, 260-1 Morozov, Kostiantyn, 271, 273 Moscow, ix, xix, xxii, xxiii, 5, 19-20, 23-4, 26, 28, 30, 36, 38, 40-1, 45, 49,51,54, 62, 67,71; Moscow Summit, 26, 31-2; Moscowski Novosti, 10; Moscow Treaty, 180 Mulroney, Brian, 241, 260, 265
Index Mutual Assured Destruction, xvi, xviii, 6, 17, 38, 133, 303, 306; Mutual Assured Security, xvii, xviii, 6, 133, 303, 306 Mutual Balanced Force Reductions, 118-9, 155 Murmansk Speech, 3, 46 N-Party Systems, 5, 8-10, 12, 14,31-2, 43 National Security: National Security Decision Directive, 4, 5; National Security Planning Group, 29; National Security Policy Review, 99,100-1, 136 NATO, xix, xx, xxiii, 16-9, 21, 27-8, 35, 37, 49, 53, 55, 57-60, 65-6, 70, 101-2, 105-7, 113-6, 118-20, 125, 127, 130, 136-8, 155-63, 167, 169, 177, 179, 181, 183-6, 188-95, 197-9, 201-3, 225, 227, 229, 234֊ 37, 239-44, 247, 249-55, 258, 264, 275-7, 279, 281, 302-3, 308, 310, 313-8, 321, 322; NATO Anniversary Summit, 107-8, 169, 198; NATO Comprehensive Concept, 106-7,203; NATO Defense Initiative, 55; NATO Defense Planning Group, 198-9, 249-59; NATO dual-track, 3-4, 6, 104, 133, 302-3; NATO Guideline Area, 118; NATO High Level Group, 52; NATO High Level Task Force, 229, 234; NATO London Summit, 165-6, 193, 225, 277 NATO London Summit Declaration, 196, 199,202-3, 250, 277, 314; NATO Montebello, 11, 20, 28,53, 55-37,102,105 137; 361 NATO Nuclear Planning Group, 16,52, 198-99, 249; NATO Reykjavik Summit, 29, 52-3, 56-8, 99, 102; NATO Rome Summit, 239֊ 42, 255, 281; NATO Rome Summit Declaration on Peace and Cooperation, 255; NATO Special Consultative Group, 52, 241; NATO Meeting Turnberry, 199-200, 314-5 Naval Arms Control, 30, 36,45, 119, 122, 1288, 133, 229, 235, 237 Naumann, Klaus, 183 Nazarbayev, Nur Sultan, 242, 266-7, 273 Nazi Germany, 26, 112,122, 187, 192,301 Ned Lebow, Richard, 256 Niles,
Tom, 240, 273-4 Nine Point Program, 191-2,276-7, 314 Nitze, Paul, 9, 15, 99, 105, 167 Nixon, Richard, 18, 24,262 Nordic, 36, 45-6, 50 Norway, 36-46, 106 Novo Ogarevo, 231, 265, 267, 272 Nuclear: Non Nuclear Weapon State, 20, 32, 45, 64, 68-9, 104, 120, 127,134,136-7,234,271; Nuclear Armageddon, 15, 24, 133, 305; Nuclear and Space Talks, xix, 7, 8, 37-8, 133; Nuclear Learning, xviii; Nuclear Non-Proliferation, 271; Nuclear Weapon States, 17, 19,21,32, 45, 134, 165, 236, 307-10; Nuclear Weapon Free Zone, 35-6, 43, 45, 49,62,64, 68-9, 111, 118, 226, 277, 279, 308 Nunn, Sam, 105, 307
362 Index Obukhov, Victor, 42 Oder-Neisse, 276 Odessa, 271 Oezal, Turgut, 101 OSCE, 249 Osgood, Iain, 323 Ostpolitik, 45, 67, 172 Ottawa Summit, 157,159,176, 179, 183,276,313; Ottawa Open Skies Conference, 157, 179 Palmerston, Lord, 7 Pankin, Boris, 234, 242-3, 281 Painter, David, 304 Patrarkov, Nikolay, 272 Pavlov, Valentin, 266, 269 Pell, Clairborne, 105 Perestroika, xviii, xix, xxii, xxiii, 18, 20-1, 32, 35, 42, 44-5, 47-8, 62, 70-1, 108-9, 111-3, 127-9, 131, 134, 137-8, 160, 163-4, 172-4, 178, 184, 193, 195-6, 202 Perle, Richard, 167 Perry, William, 307 Pershing II, 4, 5, 37, 44, 54; Pershing IA, 25, 44, 52, 54 Petrovsky, Vladimir E, 49, 54 Piening, Knud, x Pipes, Richard, З Poindexter, John, 16 Poland, 43, 66, 110, 113, 124, 130, 160, 168, 175, 179-80, 183, 186, 188, 226, 238, 242, 254, 273, 305, 306; Polish Sejm, 50 Polozkov, Ivan, 262 Popov, Mikhail, 272 Portugal, 67 Powell, Colin, 31, 56, 176, 235, 270 Pravda, 45, 159, 170, 180, 184 Presidential Nuclear Security Initiative, 235, 237, 270, 280 Primakov, Yevgenij, 18, 66, 266 Pugo, Boris, 262, 267, 269 Putin, Vladimir, 321 Quayle, Dan, 27, 34, 55, 324 Quester, George H., 305 Rakowsky, Mieczyslav, 108 Rapacki-Plan 36 Reagan Ronald, xxvii, xviii, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, 3, 5-7, 9, 13-5, 17, 20, 23-6, 29, 31-3, 38-9, 41, 44, 52-3, 57, 99, 100, 107, 123, 133-4, 136, 167, 232, 265, 302-7, 310, 323-4; Reagan Reversal, xvii, 6, 133, 303-4, 323; Reagan Victory School, 303 Reykjavik Summit, xix, xxi, 3,9, 13, 16-9, 23-4, 28,40-2, 51-2, 59, 63-4, 113, 127-9, 134-5 232, 234, 306-8, 315; European Reykjavik, 20, 51, 134, 308;
Reykjavik Work Plan, xix, xxi, 17, 20-2, 29, 60, 111, 115, 134-6, 164-5, 167, 170,232,308; Reykjavik Revisited, 3 Rice, Condy, 158, 316 Ridgeway, Rozanne, 18, 56 Risse, Thomas, 317 Robertson, Ann, 267 Rodionov, Igor N., 260 Rodman, Peter, 91,108, 121,173, 199 Romania, 113, 305 Ross, Dennis, 130, 232 Rostov, Walt, 315 Rowny, General, 15 Ruehe, Volker, 22, 56,101 Russia, xix, 132, 170, 193, 234, 237, 242-4, 25 8, 264-5, 267-8, 2734,317, 321 Rutzkoy, Alexander, 22, 184, 256 Sağladın, Vadim, 240 SALT, 3, 4, 5, 36, 302-3 Sanier, Jacques, 203 Sarotte, Marie, 305, 315 Savranskaja, Svetlana, 39
Index Schabowski, Guenter, 173 Schaueble, Wolfgang, 101,172 Schlueter, Poul, 254 Schmidt, Helmut, 3 Schmitt, Horst, 41 Scowcroft, Brent, 17-8, 28, 103, 105, 109, 120, 124-5, 128-9, 132, 172, 182, 253, 263, 270, 302, 310, 324; Scowcroft Report, 5 Second Cold War, xvii, xviii, xx, xxi, xxii, 3—4, 6, 36-7, 133, 232, 302, 307 Seitz, Reymond, 161, 182, 249 Semeiko, Lev, 243 Serena, Guillaume, 41 Shaknazarov, Georgy, 267 Shaposhnikov, Yevgeny, 244, 271,274, 281 Sharp, Jane, 302 Shatalin, Stanislav, 256 Shevardnadze, Eduard, 7-8, 12,18-9, 25, 30-1, 40, 43-4, 49, 107, 110, 122-3, 128, 157, 159, 161, 163, 169, 174, 179, 180, 185, 187, 189-90, 192, 197, 200-1, 223, 226, 231-3, 238, 243, 257-9, 261, 263, 272, 275, 277,314,316; Shevardnadze Plan, 201-2 Shifrinson, Joshua, 315 Shivkov, Todor, 113 Shultz, George, xvii, 8-9, 14, 18-9, 24-5, 29-31, 133-4, 307, 323; Shultz-Gromyko Talks, 6-7, 9 Shushkevic, Stanislaw, 272 Silayev, Ivan, 7, 269 Skubiszewski, Krysztof, 179, 196 SLCM, 5, 12, 14, 16, 23, 25, 27, 30, 44, 56, 110-1, 166 Sobchak, Anatoly A, 272 Sokolov, Sergey, 44 Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, 103, 117 Soviet Union, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, 5-6, 11-2, 14, 20, 22-3, 28,9, 31-2, 34-5, 38, 42-5, 48-9, 53, 55, 57-8, 65, 68-9, 107, 109, 110-2, 363 114, 117-8, 121, 123, 128-32, 134, 136, 138, 157, 159-63, 165, 174, 176, 180-2, 184-95, 202-3, 223-5, 227-34, 236-7, 239, 241, 23-43-4, 256-7, 259, 261-3, 266, 269, 271-5, 279, 281, 301, 304-6, 308-10, 3156, 321, 323-^1 Soyuz (Group), 654, 68-9, 258, 262-3 SPD, 56, 62, 182, 248 Spaeth, Lothar, 49, 170-1 Spain, 67-8 Special Relationship: US-SU,
50, 53, 67, 195, 256; SU-FRG, 103, 126-7,317 Spiegel, German Weekly, 262 Spoeri, Dieter, 170-1 Spohr, Kristina, 176, 310, 315 SS-20, 4, 6, 302 Stalin, Joseph, xxii START, 4,6-8, 12, 14-7, 19, 23-31, 37, 39,57, 110-1, 129, 131, 133, 138, 161, 165-7, 229, 231-3, 236,7, 266-7, 279-80, 307 Stavropol (Caucasus Summit), 193-4, 197 Stoltenberg, Gerhard, 104, 177, 195 Strategic Defense Initiative, xx, 6, 9, 14-7, 19, 23-31, 39, 51, 171, 237, 303,4, 3067, 323 Strauss, Franz Joseph, 56,170 Sun Tzu, xx, xxi Superpowers, xvii, xix, xxii, 5,14, 21, 33, 68, ПО, 132-4, 195, 228, 231, 236, 258, 265, 278, 302, 304, 307 Sununu, John, 256 Taft, W. Howard IV, 243 Tarasenko, Sergey, 259 TASS, 21 Teltschik, Horst, 195 Ten Point Program, 130-1, 174, 194, 246 Thatcher, Margaret, xxi, 19,21-2, 27-8, 53, 104, 109, 120, 122, 125, 132, 161, 167, 174, 179-80, 182, 184, 201
364 Index Time Magazine, 190 Togliatti, xx Trachtenberg, Marc, xx, 35 TRUD, 180 Tower, John, 12 Trost, Carlisle, 30-1 Tutzing, Evangelische Akademie 176 Two Plus Four Process/Treaty, 159, 168, 176-7, 180, 182, 184-8, 192, 196-7, 200, 223-5, 246, 256-8, 276, 313 Ukraine, 234, 237, 243^1,267, 269, 270-3; Ukrainian Independence, 271, 273 United Kingdom, 4-9, 11-2,17, 19, 21, 26, 30, 32, 39, 41, 52, 56, 59, 61-2, 64, 67, 70, 102, 104-5, 122, 167, 228, 234, 246, 252-5, 308 United Nations, 36, 69, 306, 314, 321, 324-5; UN Center for Verification, 45; UN Charter, 324; UN General Assembly, 25, 38, 45, 48-9, 106, 120, 135, 309; Universal Declaration on Human Rights, 130 United States, xx, 4, 9-10,12,15, 18, 22, 40, 42, 55,61, 105, 109, 111, 115, 117, 123, 127, 132-3, 136, 185, 197, 225, 229, 232, 234, 238, 241, 245-8, 250, 254-5, 278, 302 Vancouver-Vladivostok, 136, 239-40, 242, 279,310 Vatican, 262 Vedrine, Hubert, 247 Vershbow, Alexander, 243 Visegrad, 168, 227, 238-40, 254, 279, 281,318 Vogel, Bernhard, 50, 69 Vogel, Hans-Jochen, 170-1 Voigt, Karsten, 178 Vorontzov, Yuli, 22, 42 Wałęsa, Lech, 261, 268 Waltz, Kenneth, 302, 316 Warsaw Pact/Warsaw Treaty Organization, ix, x, xviii, xix, xxxxiii, 7, 18-9, 28-9, 33, 35-6, 38, 40-2, 44-5, 47-8, 50,53, 59, 62, 64, 69, 107, 113-6, 118-9, 125-7, 130, 132, 134, 155, 157-61, 163, 168-9, 174-5, 178, 184-6, 188, 190-6, 198֊ 9, 203, 224, 226, 238-9, 252-3, 259, 275, 277-80, 308, 314-7, 323-4; Warsaw Treaty Art, 11 116, 196, 278,308,315; WTO Budapest, 19, 37, 43; WTO Bucharest, 113,115, 173; WTO Comprehensive Security Concept, 120; WTO East
Berlin, 43; WTO Moscow, 168; WTO Sofia, 47; WTO MC Strausberg, 168; WTO-NATO, 45-6, 51, 107, 1178, 132, 157-60, 176, 191, 193, 200-1, 203, 226, 249, 277, 314 Washington, 26, 33, 56, 62, 104, 108, 121, 127, 130, 136, 159-61, 186, 189, 191, 200, 229, 264; Washington Post, 184; Washington Summit, 11-2, 20, 25-30, 66, 164-6, 191, 193, 233, 276; Washington Summit Joint Declaration, 167 Weapons of Mass Destruction, 11, 45, 57, 237 Western European Union, 19, 51, 60-1, 63-6, 70, 120, 134, 157, 182, 239, 242, 246, 249-55, 279, 306; WEU Agency, 61; WEU Hague Platform, 63-7 Weinberger, Caspar, 12,16-7, 24 Weizsaecker, Richard v., 1984-94 54, 170 Wieland, Andre, 155 Wilson, James Graham, xvii, 323
Index 365 Woerner, Manfred, 102-3, 157, 163, 178, 182, 201, 203, 235, 238-40, 243, 249, 279 Wohlforth, William, 305 Woolsey, James, 17, 28 Yazov, Dimitry, 101, 188-9, 260, 262, 266, 268 Yeltsin, Boris, Federation 196, 231, 234, 236, 242-4, 256-9, 261-9, 271-5, 279-81,315,318, 321 Yakovlev, Alexander 272 Yakovlev, Yegor, 112, 178, 271-2 Yalta, 121, 126, 129, 186, 244, 322 Yanaev, Gennady, 267 Yavlinsky, Grigory, 272 Zelikov, Philip, 105, 120, 201, 316 Zlenko, Anatolij, 273 Zoellick, Robert, 176,197, 201, 253 Zubok, Vladislav, 43, 174, 309
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Contents Acknowledgments ix Abbreviations xiii Introduction xvii PART I: A PLANNED REVOLUTION: 1984-1989 1 Chapter 1: The Genesis of Cocreation: 1984-1988 3 Chapter 2: A Shattered World? 99 PART II: THE EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT: 1989-1991 153 Chapter 3: The End of the Cold War: The German Settlement 155 Chapter 4: The Collapse of the Soviet Union: 1991-1992 223 Conclusion 301 Glossary 331 Bibliography 341 Index 355 About the Author 367 vii
Index Abandonment-Entrapment Cycles, xvii, 302 ABM Treaty, 15-16, 26, 41, 134, 307 Adam Schwaetzer, Irmgard, 103 Adamek, 240 Adelman, Kenneth, 3,16, 41 Afanas’eskiy, 243-44 Afghanistan, 42, 263 Akhromeyev, Sergey, 13, 15, 26-7, 39, 60, 111, 127, 129, 158-9, 165,178, 185, 189, 224, 229, 259, 269, 279 Alexsij, 112 Altenburg, Wolfgang, 20 Andreotti, Gulio, 70, 155, 162, 179, 184, 196, 201, 228, 236, 249, 253, 261, 265, 276 Andropov, Yuri, xxi, 6, 7, 305 Antall, József, 168, 241, 268 Arctic, 30, 46, 64, 111, 134, 308 Ashkabad, 274 Asmus, Ronald, 269 ATTU (Atlantic to the Ural), 19, 48, 54, 69, 100, 114-5, 118-9, 121-2, 228-9 August Coup, 233, 236, 240, 242, 267-70, 281 Avineri, Shlomo, 311 Austria, 110 Bahr, Egon, 47, 59, 130, 175, 178 Bakatin, Vadim, 272 Baker, James, 33, 102, 104, 107, 111, 157, 163-1, 169, 176-7, 186, 18990, 200, 225-6, 230, 237, 239-40, 242, 244, 362, 270, 301 Baklanov, Oleg, 260 Balkan, 36,134 Ballistic Missile Defense, 11,15-6, 236, 306-7 Baltic States, 30, 35-36,43,111-2, 119, 132, 134-5, 161, 189, 196, 299, 227, 234, 238, 240-1, 256-61, 263, 265-6, 268, 276, 280,317 Bartholomew, Reginald, 200, 224, 232, 249 Belarus/Byelorussia, 243,258, 267, 269, 272-3, 281 Benelux, 59 Berlin (East), ix, x, xxi, 43-4, 47-8, 107-9, 114, 121^1, 138, 162, 173, 177-8, 182, 194, 199, 261, 277, 322, 324 Bessmertnykh, Alexander, 28, 228, 230, 232, 257-8 Biden, Joseph, 35, 101, 105, 325 Bielecki, Jan Krzystof, 271 Blackwill, Robert, 127 Blagovolin, Sergey, 185 Blanton, Thomas S., 39, 304 355
356 Index Blumenau, Bernhard, xx Bodarenko, Alexander, 110, 180, 186, 196 Boldin, Valery, 267 Bovin, Alexander, 47 Brands, Hal, 303 Brandenburg Gate, 44 Brandt, Willy, 45-7, 172-3 Bratislava, 22 Brest-Litowsk, 192, 201, 277; Brest to Brest, 68, 71, 115, 121, 136, 192, 238, 242, 254, 2779,281,321 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 303 Brezhnev, Leonid, xviii, 4, 35, 113, 122; Brezhnev Doctrine, xxii, 35, 136, 173,304 Brown, Archie, 20, 269, 304-5, 322 Brundtland, Gro Harlem, 57,105 Brussels, 130, 185 Brutents, Karen, 34 Bulgaria, 113, 136, 239, 242 Bundy, McGeorge, 322 Bush, George Herbert Walker, x, xviii, 7, 27, 3-5, 42, 49, 69, 99-101, ЮЗ111, 115, 120, 122-24, 126-32, 1367, 160-1, 164-7, 169, 179-84, 186, 189, 191-2, 194, 198, 201-2, 223, 225, 228, 230-1, 235-7, 239, 241-2, 245-7, 251-4, 257, 260-1, 263-74, 276, 279-80, 309-10, 314-5, 324 Camp David, 182, 184 Canada, 118, 241,246, 273 Cannon, Lou, 33 Carlucci, Frank, 26-7, 55, 59 Carter, Jimmy, 24, 29, 302 Caucasus, 161, 193-4, 196-7, 315; Caucasus Summit, 203 Cheney, Dick Richard, 35 Chernenko, Konstantin, xxii, 7, 37, 304 Chernavin, Vladimir, 260 Chernoff, Fred, 305 Chernyaev, Anatoly, xxii, 27, 69,169, 188,191,194, 227, 231,266 Chernyshev, Vladimir, 21 Chevenement, Jean-Pierre, 70 China 8, 9, 17, 33, 39, 40-1 Chirac, Jacques, 63 Churchill, Winston, 33, 102, 309 Clark, Joe, 199 Clinton Administration, 321 Clausewitz, Karl von, xviii, 133, 170 Cold Peace, 325 Cold War, ix, xvii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, 27, 33, 48,53, 55, 60, 66-7, 100, 104, 107, 110, 115, 117, 123, 127, 129, 133, 136, 165, 202, 223, 225, 234, 237, 239, 248, 250, 251,
253, 269, 277,301,303-8,310,316, 318, 321-5; Cold War Endgame, xix, xxi, xxiii, 4, 253 301-2, 307 Comecon, 51, 55, 65,70, 137, 170-2, 227, 275, 278, 309 Common House of Europe, ix, xxiii, 22, 45, 47, 59-1, 54-5, 57,59, 62, 66-8, 70, 71, 100, 107-9, 113, 117-8, 121֊ 2, 156-8, 160-1, 168-72, 175-6, 181, 185, 188-9, 192-3, 198, 223, 233, 238-9, 248, 275, 277, 279, 281, 308,310,313,318, 323 Commonwealth of Free Nations, 1201,237, 251 Commonwealth of Independent State, 237, 243-4, 273-4, 281; CIS Alma Ata Declaration, 244, 274; CIS Minsk Declaration, 243,274, 281 Condominium, 34, 69, 126, 134, 136, 237 Confidence and Security Building Measures, 46, 135, 226 Conventional Forces Europe/ Conventional Stability Talks, 27, 29, 31-2, 43, 57, 101, 106-7, 110, 1145, 118-21, 128-9, 131-2, 135-6, 156, 161, 167, 178, 180, 184, 190,
Index 200, 224-30, 232-4, 236, 241, 249, 272, 278,308,313 Council of Europe, 114, 121, 242, 243, 245 Cox, Michael, 304, 315 CPSU: 27th Party Congress, 1986 40, 44, 47, 62, 65, 134, 169; 28th Party Congress, 1990 193, 277 Craig, Campbell, 305 Crimea, 233, 268, 271-2, 279 Crowe, Admiral William J., 16, 29 CSCE, xviii, xix, xxiii, 23-4, 43, 66, 70, 107-8, 110, 112, 114, 117, 129-3, 126,131, 136, 138, 155-65, 167-71, 175-7, 179-80, 182, 184-7, 190-2, 194-203, 223-7, 231-2, 239—40, 242-4, 246, 248-9, 251, 254-5, 275-8, 281, 308-10, 313-6, 318,321,323; CSCE Budapest Summit, 315; CSCE Conflict Prevention Center, 226; CSCE Magna Charta, 197, 225, 275; CSCE Helsinki Summit, 223, 234, 239, 255; CSCE Paris Charter, 158, 161, 198, 223-6, 246, 249, 278-9,318 Cuban Missile Crisis, 4 Czechoslovakia/CSSR, xxiii, 42, 46-7, 54, 130, 136, 158, 177, 180-1, 226, 238, 242, 254, 268, 306 Ciosek, Stanislaw, 180 Dean, Johnathan, 17 Delors, Jacques: Delors Commission 123, 245, 252-3, 266 Denmark, 105 Derjabin, Yuri S., 242 détente, xvii XVII, 3, 133, 303—4 Deutch, John, 17 357 Dienstbier, Jiri, 238 disarmament, xvii, xix, 9, 14, 28, 32, 43, 46, 48, 60, 64, 66-7, 109, 120-1, 135, 171, 189, 192, 277, 308 Dobbins, James, 125 Dobrynin, Anatolij, 12, 33, 49, 54, 55, 65 Domke, Helmut, 197 Donetsk, 271-2 Duisberg, Claus-Juergen, 181 Dregger, Alfred, 77, 102 Dumas, Roland, 249 Eagleburger, Lawrence, 103, 110 Ellemann-Jensen, Uffe, 102 Elysee Treaty, 60, 62, 66, 134, 247, 249, 278 Emergency Committee, 233, 268, 279 English, Robert, 323 Estonia, 256-7 Europe, xxiii, 11, 22, 30, 32, 34, 48, 64-5, 67, 79,
108-9, 117, 123 Euromissile Crisis, xvii, 13, 62, 302 European Army, 64, 68, 248 European deterrent, 68 European Parliament, 245 European Political Cooperation, 48, 70-1, 120, 123, 132, 245-6, 198, 248-50, 253, 278, 306,313 Europe puissance, 121, 132, 134, 136, 247-8, 263,278,306,313 European Security and Defense Identity, 120, 198, 247, 253, 255 European Study Steering Group, 181, 198, 201,249-51 European unity, ix Fortress Europe, 55, 120, 136 Kerneuropa/Mitteleuropa, 64, 66, 71, 278, 280 Pan-European order, xxi, 34, 49, 64-5, 67, 226-7, 238-40, 250, 254, 259, 281,309,315
358 Index Single European Act-Project, 1992 65, 69, 107, 117, 120, 122, 128, 132, 136, 172, 182, 246, 252-3 European Community, 55,65, 70, 108, 117-8, 120, 125, 157, 171-2, 177, 180, 183-4, 195, 198, 227, 239-40, 242-3, 245-50, 252-3, 266, 269-70, 273, 275, 278, 306, 308-10, 313,318, 324; EC Dublin Summit, 134, 136-7, 162, 246-7; EC FM Conference, The Hague, 162, 164, 169; EC Rome Council, 249-50, 278 Falin, Valentin, 112,165,185,189,191 Fascell, Dante, 171 FINABEL, 61 Finland, 36 Fischer, Oskar, 47-8, 114 Ford, Gerald, 29 Forsberg, Tuomas, 195 forward-based systems, 4, 5, 8, 61,106, 302 FOTL Follow On to Lance 1056, 137,183 France, 4-13, 17, 19, 21, 26, 32, 39-41, 46-7, 52, 59-62, 54, 70, 182,3, 185-6, 198, 227-8, 234, 246-8, 252, 254-5, 280; Franco-German, 47-8, 61-2, 66-9, 100, 102, 115, 132, 167, 245, 249-59, 252, 254,306,313 Freedman, Lawrence, 309 Fukuyama, Francis, xix, 130 Fulton Speech, 309; Fulton in Reverse, 33, 60, 114 G-7, 230, 264-6 Gaddis, John Lewis, 321-2 Galvin, John, 203 Gandhi, Mahatma, 57 Garthoff, Raymond, 322 Gates, Robert, 181, 201 Gelman, Harry, 61 Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 19, 45, 54-5, 60, 65-6, 69, 103^1, 106, 121, 124, 131, 156, 173-4, 177, 179, 185, 187, 192, 198, 200, 240, 242, 267, 266; Genscherism, 109, 175, 313; Genscher Plan, 176 Geneva, 12, 28; Geneva Summit, xviii, 8-10, 133, 306; Geneva Spirit, 8-9,13, 40, 191 Gerasimov, Gennady, 71 Germany, xix, xx, xxiii, 4, 6,19, 22, 28-9, 33-5, 37, 41, 44-5, 54, 56, 60-1, 63, 67-8, 71, 101-2, 104-9, 113-5, 118-20, 124-7, 129, 131-2, 134-7, 155, 157-64, 167, 170-1, 174, 176, 182-94, 196-98, 200-2,
224, 227, 233, 242, 246-8, 254, 257, 275, 277, 301, 308-9, 313-6, 317-8, 321, 325; GDR, x, xxiii, 46-50, 52-4, 69, 113, 115, 122-5, 135-6, 138, 155, 158-9, 173-4, 176-9, 181-6, 188, 190-4, 196-7, 201, 224, 259, 276֊ 8,314,317; German card, 122, 131; German Unification, 109, 115,124, 131-2, 138, 158-9, 161, 163, 166-7, 175, 185, 189, 191, 194, 196, 223-4, 228, 268-69, 276-8, 313֊ 6, 321, 324 Giraud, Andre, 19 Goldgeier, James, 195 Gorbachev, Mikhail S., xviii, xix, xx, З, 9, 10, 12,14-9, 21, 23-6, 28, 31-2, 34-5, 40-51, 53-4, 57, 60-1, 69-70, 100-2, 108-10, 112-5, 117-9, 120-2, 1269, 131, 132, 135-8, 155, 159-60, 163-6, 169-70, 173֊4, 176, 178, 180, 189-91, 193-4, 196, 199, 202, 226-38, 242, 257-8, 260-8,
Index 270, 272-6, 279-80, 304-7, 309310,315,318, 322, 324; Gorbachev Factor, 20,124; Gorbachev Plan, xviii, 10-5, 39-42, 63, 112, 235, 306; Gorbymania, 169 Gompert, David C, 247 Gorbunovs, Anatolijs, 270 Governors Island Summit, 32, 60, 136 GPALS, 237 Grachev, Andrej, 258, 272 Granieri, Ronald, 26 Great Patriotic War, 15, 110, 164, 175, 324 Greece, 36, 57, 202 GRIT, 59, 60, 106, 135, 236, 309 Gromyko, Andreij, 28, 37, 69, 275 Grosz, Karoly, 48, 113 Gromov, Boris, 262 Gulf War, 261 Gvendzadze, 175 Haas, Mark, 323 Hades Missile, 11, 60, 102 Hager, Kurt, 48 Haig, Alexander, 303 Hamburg, 157, 178; Uebersee Klub Address, 157, 178 Hanhimaeki, Jussi, 35, 302-3 Harmel, 281 Haughey, Charles, 245 Havel, Václav, 180-1, 238, 240, 268, 324 Helsinki Final Act, 112, 124,5, 155, 175, 180, 185, 191, 194, 198-9, 226, 241 Hewett, Ed, 262 Hilger Andreas, xxii Hitler, Adolf, 159; Hitler-Stalin Pact, 11-2, 256, 270 Hoffmann, Guenther, xxii Holloway, David, xx Holmes, James Howard, 10 Honecker, Erich, x, xxiii, 29, 41, 43-4, 46, 48, 50, 54, 113, 116-16, 122, 124, 135, 137-8, 169, 172-4 359 Houston Economic Summit, 163, 230, 279 Howe, Geoffrey, 19 Huettel, Rolf, 58 Hughes, Thomas, 197 Hugo, Victor, 117, 249 Hungary, xxiii, 48, 113, 124, 130, 136, 158, 168,226, 238, 241, 242, 254, 273 Hurd, Douglas, 223 Hutchings, Robert, 225 Hyland, William J., 28 Ikenberry, John G., 305, 314 IMEMO, 184-5 INF, 5-10, 17, 19, 22, 24, 32, 37-8, 42-3, 45, 47-8, 52-4, 56-7, 105-6, 110, 133, 135, 137,303, 307-8 Ireland, 245-6 Iron Curtain, xviii, xxiii, 109, 174, 309 Izvestiya, 47, 179, 188 Italy, 59, 61, 63, 68, 115,
183, 253, 255 Jaruzelski, Wojciech, 109, 111, 173; Jaruzelski Plan, 43, 46, 50, 111, 114, 118 Kadar, Janos, 48 Kagan, Robert, xxi Kaifu, Toshiki, 270 Kampleman, Max, 321 Kanter, Arnold, 127 Karpov, Victor, 10, 21, 114, 259 Kastrup, Dieter, 197 Katzenstein, Peter, 155 Kazakhstan, 234, 267, 273 Kekkonen, Unho, 36 KGB, 260-2, 268 Kiev, 131, 232, 267, 271-2, 280; (Chicken) Kiev Speech, 267 Kissinger, Henry, 28, 34, 103,117, 129, 307, 309 Kohl, Helmut, 3, 29, 46, 48, 50-1, 53, 54, 56, 58-6-, 100, 105-6, 124-5, 129, 137, 159, 161, 174-5, 177-8,
360 Index 182-4, 186, 188, 194, 196, 228, 230, 241, 246, 253—4, 257, 266, 269, 276,313 Kokoshin, Aandrei, 259 Koldunov, Alexander, 44 Korobushin, Varfolomei V., 156 Kozyrev, Andreij, 275 Kramer, Mark, 305, 315 Kravchuk, Leonid, 268, 271-3 Kremlin, xviii, 5-7, 12, 14-5, 20, 22-3, 27, 30-2, 36-7, 54, 61-3, 68, 100, 104, 107, 109-10, 188, 122, 124, 127-8, 133-5, 155, 158-9, 161, 164, 168, 173, 177-8, 180, 190, 195-6, 203, 228-31, 234, 236, 243, 252, 257, 259, 264, 266, 306, 308,316, 323 Krenz, Egon, 124, 173 Kiyuchkov, Vladimir, 177, 262, 266, 268 Kulikov, Viktor, 189 Kuntzman, Eric, ix Kvitzinskiy, Yuli, 20, 49, 126, 169 Landsbergis, Vytautas, 260 Lapidus, Gail, 38 Laptev, Ivan, 120 Latvia, 256-7, 270 Laxade, 260 Leffler Melvyn, xx Lebow, Richard Ned, 304 Lehman, Ronald, 56 Lenin, Vladimir L, ix, 38, 47,109, 112; Leninism, 47, 195-6, 237, 280,317; Leningrad, 258 Ligatchev, Yegor К., 305 Lincoln, Abraham, 7 Lithuania, 160,189, 227, 280, 317 Loewenkron, Barry, 242 London Economic Summit, 230,2657, 269, 279 Lushev, Pyotr, 188 Luxembourg, 61 Madrid Conference, 237 Major, John, 228, 235, 252-3 Malcolm, Neil, 62 Malta Summit, ix, 123-5, 127-31, 138, 155, 194, 245 Mainz Address, 108, 169, 310 Maiziere, Lothar de, 186-7, 192, 200, 223 Mamaladze, Stepanov, 179 Mann, Thomas, 179 Mastný, Vojtech, xx Marx, Karl: Marxism, xxi, xxiii, 291 Matlock, Jack, xvii, 8,112,163, 261, 263, 303, 322-3 Maxim Gorkii (Soviet Ship), 128-9 Mazowieki, Tadeusz, 116, 169,179, 186 McCloy, John J., 197 McFarlane, Robert, 8, 304 McNamara, Robert, 17 Meckel, Markus, 178 Mediterranean 30, 26, 40, 50, 111, 119,
127, 129, 134, 200, 277, 308 Mendelevich, Lev, 59 Meyer, Stephen, 18 Mies, Herbert, 41 Millennium Program, xix, xx, xxii, 39,41,69, 99, 115, 119, 133-5, 167, 276, 306 Miller, David, xx Mitterrand, François, 28, 57, 60, 108, 131, 161, 179, 190-1,201,228, 230, 234-5, 247, 249, 252, 254, 265-6, 280 Modrow, Hans, 176, 178 Moldova, 258 Moiseyev, Mikhail A., 229, 238, 260-1 Morozov, Kostiantyn, 271, 273 Moscow, ix, xix, xxii, xxiii, 5, 19-20, 23-4, 26, 28, 30, 36, 38, 40-1, 45, 49,51,54, 62, 67,71; Moscow Summit, 26, 31-2; Moscowski Novosti, 10; Moscow Treaty, 180 Mulroney, Brian, 241, 260, 265
Index Mutual Assured Destruction, xvi, xviii, 6, 17, 38, 133, 303, 306; Mutual Assured Security, xvii, xviii, 6, 133, 303, 306 Mutual Balanced Force Reductions, 118-9, 155 Murmansk Speech, 3, 46 N-Party Systems, 5, 8-10, 12, 14,31-2, 43 National Security: National Security Decision Directive, 4, 5; National Security Planning Group, 29; National Security Policy Review, 99,100-1, 136 NATO, xix, xx, xxiii, 16-9, 21, 27-8, 35, 37, 49, 53, 55, 57-60, 65-6, 70, 101-2, 105-7, 113-6, 118-20, 125, 127, 130, 136-8, 155-63, 167, 169, 177, 179, 181, 183-6, 188-95, 197-9, 201-3, 225, 227, 229, 234֊ 37, 239-44, 247, 249-55, 258, 264, 275-7, 279, 281, 302-3, 308, 310, 313-8, 321, 322; NATO Anniversary Summit, 107-8, 169, 198; NATO Comprehensive Concept, 106-7,203; NATO Defense Initiative, 55; NATO Defense Planning Group, 198-9, 249-59; NATO dual-track, 3-4, 6, 104, 133, 302-3; NATO Guideline Area, 118; NATO High Level Group, 52; NATO High Level Task Force, 229, 234; NATO London Summit, 165-6, 193, 225, 277 NATO London Summit Declaration, 196, 199,202-3, 250, 277, 314; NATO Montebello, 11, 20, 28,53, 55-37,102,105 137; 361 NATO Nuclear Planning Group, 16,52, 198-99, 249; NATO Reykjavik Summit, 29, 52-3, 56-8, 99, 102; NATO Rome Summit, 239֊ 42, 255, 281; NATO Rome Summit Declaration on Peace and Cooperation, 255; NATO Special Consultative Group, 52, 241; NATO Meeting Turnberry, 199-200, 314-5 Naval Arms Control, 30, 36,45, 119, 122, 1288, 133, 229, 235, 237 Naumann, Klaus, 183 Nazarbayev, Nur Sultan, 242, 266-7, 273 Nazi Germany, 26, 112,122, 187, 192,301 Ned Lebow, Richard, 256 Niles,
Tom, 240, 273-4 Nine Point Program, 191-2,276-7, 314 Nitze, Paul, 9, 15, 99, 105, 167 Nixon, Richard, 18, 24,262 Nordic, 36, 45-6, 50 Norway, 36-46, 106 Novo Ogarevo, 231, 265, 267, 272 Nuclear: Non Nuclear Weapon State, 20, 32, 45, 64, 68-9, 104, 120, 127,134,136-7,234,271; Nuclear Armageddon, 15, 24, 133, 305; Nuclear and Space Talks, xix, 7, 8, 37-8, 133; Nuclear Learning, xviii; Nuclear Non-Proliferation, 271; Nuclear Weapon States, 17, 19,21,32, 45, 134, 165, 236, 307-10; Nuclear Weapon Free Zone, 35-6, 43, 45, 49,62,64, 68-9, 111, 118, 226, 277, 279, 308 Nunn, Sam, 105, 307
362 Index Obukhov, Victor, 42 Oder-Neisse, 276 Odessa, 271 Oezal, Turgut, 101 OSCE, 249 Osgood, Iain, 323 Ostpolitik, 45, 67, 172 Ottawa Summit, 157,159,176, 179, 183,276,313; Ottawa Open Skies Conference, 157, 179 Palmerston, Lord, 7 Pankin, Boris, 234, 242-3, 281 Painter, David, 304 Patrarkov, Nikolay, 272 Pavlov, Valentin, 266, 269 Pell, Clairborne, 105 Perestroika, xviii, xix, xxii, xxiii, 18, 20-1, 32, 35, 42, 44-5, 47-8, 62, 70-1, 108-9, 111-3, 127-9, 131, 134, 137-8, 160, 163-4, 172-4, 178, 184, 193, 195-6, 202 Perle, Richard, 167 Perry, William, 307 Pershing II, 4, 5, 37, 44, 54; Pershing IA, 25, 44, 52, 54 Petrovsky, Vladimir E, 49, 54 Piening, Knud, x Pipes, Richard, З Poindexter, John, 16 Poland, 43, 66, 110, 113, 124, 130, 160, 168, 175, 179-80, 183, 186, 188, 226, 238, 242, 254, 273, 305, 306; Polish Sejm, 50 Polozkov, Ivan, 262 Popov, Mikhail, 272 Portugal, 67 Powell, Colin, 31, 56, 176, 235, 270 Pravda, 45, 159, 170, 180, 184 Presidential Nuclear Security Initiative, 235, 237, 270, 280 Primakov, Yevgenij, 18, 66, 266 Pugo, Boris, 262, 267, 269 Putin, Vladimir, 321 Quayle, Dan, 27, 34, 55, 324 Quester, George H., 305 Rakowsky, Mieczyslav, 108 Rapacki-Plan 36 Reagan Ronald, xxvii, xviii, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, 3, 5-7, 9, 13-5, 17, 20, 23-6, 29, 31-3, 38-9, 41, 44, 52-3, 57, 99, 100, 107, 123, 133-4, 136, 167, 232, 265, 302-7, 310, 323-4; Reagan Reversal, xvii, 6, 133, 303-4, 323; Reagan Victory School, 303 Reykjavik Summit, xix, xxi, 3,9, 13, 16-9, 23-4, 28,40-2, 51-2, 59, 63-4, 113, 127-9, 134-5 232, 234, 306-8, 315; European Reykjavik, 20, 51, 134, 308;
Reykjavik Work Plan, xix, xxi, 17, 20-2, 29, 60, 111, 115, 134-6, 164-5, 167, 170,232,308; Reykjavik Revisited, 3 Rice, Condy, 158, 316 Ridgeway, Rozanne, 18, 56 Risse, Thomas, 317 Robertson, Ann, 267 Rodionov, Igor N., 260 Rodman, Peter, 91,108, 121,173, 199 Romania, 113, 305 Ross, Dennis, 130, 232 Rostov, Walt, 315 Rowny, General, 15 Ruehe, Volker, 22, 56,101 Russia, xix, 132, 170, 193, 234, 237, 242-4, 25 8, 264-5, 267-8, 2734,317, 321 Rutzkoy, Alexander, 22, 184, 256 Sağladın, Vadim, 240 SALT, 3, 4, 5, 36, 302-3 Sanier, Jacques, 203 Sarotte, Marie, 305, 315 Savranskaja, Svetlana, 39
Index Schabowski, Guenter, 173 Schaueble, Wolfgang, 101,172 Schlueter, Poul, 254 Schmidt, Helmut, 3 Schmitt, Horst, 41 Scowcroft, Brent, 17-8, 28, 103, 105, 109, 120, 124-5, 128-9, 132, 172, 182, 253, 263, 270, 302, 310, 324; Scowcroft Report, 5 Second Cold War, xvii, xviii, xx, xxi, xxii, 3—4, 6, 36-7, 133, 232, 302, 307 Seitz, Reymond, 161, 182, 249 Semeiko, Lev, 243 Serena, Guillaume, 41 Shaknazarov, Georgy, 267 Shaposhnikov, Yevgeny, 244, 271,274, 281 Sharp, Jane, 302 Shatalin, Stanislav, 256 Shevardnadze, Eduard, 7-8, 12,18-9, 25, 30-1, 40, 43-4, 49, 107, 110, 122-3, 128, 157, 159, 161, 163, 169, 174, 179, 180, 185, 187, 189-90, 192, 197, 200-1, 223, 226, 231-3, 238, 243, 257-9, 261, 263, 272, 275, 277,314,316; Shevardnadze Plan, 201-2 Shifrinson, Joshua, 315 Shivkov, Todor, 113 Shultz, George, xvii, 8-9, 14, 18-9, 24-5, 29-31, 133-4, 307, 323; Shultz-Gromyko Talks, 6-7, 9 Shushkevic, Stanislaw, 272 Silayev, Ivan, 7, 269 Skubiszewski, Krysztof, 179, 196 SLCM, 5, 12, 14, 16, 23, 25, 27, 30, 44, 56, 110-1, 166 Sobchak, Anatoly A, 272 Sokolov, Sergey, 44 Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, 103, 117 Soviet Union, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, 5-6, 11-2, 14, 20, 22-3, 28,9, 31-2, 34-5, 38, 42-5, 48-9, 53, 55, 57-8, 65, 68-9, 107, 109, 110-2, 363 114, 117-8, 121, 123, 128-32, 134, 136, 138, 157, 159-63, 165, 174, 176, 180-2, 184-95, 202-3, 223-5, 227-34, 236-7, 239, 241, 23-43-4, 256-7, 259, 261-3, 266, 269, 271-5, 279, 281, 301, 304-6, 308-10, 3156, 321, 323-^1 Soyuz (Group), 654, 68-9, 258, 262-3 SPD, 56, 62, 182, 248 Spaeth, Lothar, 49, 170-1 Spain, 67-8 Special Relationship: US-SU,
50, 53, 67, 195, 256; SU-FRG, 103, 126-7,317 Spiegel, German Weekly, 262 Spoeri, Dieter, 170-1 Spohr, Kristina, 176, 310, 315 SS-20, 4, 6, 302 Stalin, Joseph, xxii START, 4,6-8, 12, 14-7, 19, 23-31, 37, 39,57, 110-1, 129, 131, 133, 138, 161, 165-7, 229, 231-3, 236,7, 266-7, 279-80, 307 Stavropol (Caucasus Summit), 193-4, 197 Stoltenberg, Gerhard, 104, 177, 195 Strategic Defense Initiative, xx, 6, 9, 14-7, 19, 23-31, 39, 51, 171, 237, 303,4, 3067, 323 Strauss, Franz Joseph, 56,170 Sun Tzu, xx, xxi Superpowers, xvii, xix, xxii, 5,14, 21, 33, 68, ПО, 132-4, 195, 228, 231, 236, 258, 265, 278, 302, 304, 307 Sununu, John, 256 Taft, W. Howard IV, 243 Tarasenko, Sergey, 259 TASS, 21 Teltschik, Horst, 195 Ten Point Program, 130-1, 174, 194, 246 Thatcher, Margaret, xxi, 19,21-2, 27-8, 53, 104, 109, 120, 122, 125, 132, 161, 167, 174, 179-80, 182, 184, 201
364 Index Time Magazine, 190 Togliatti, xx Trachtenberg, Marc, xx, 35 TRUD, 180 Tower, John, 12 Trost, Carlisle, 30-1 Tutzing, Evangelische Akademie 176 Two Plus Four Process/Treaty, 159, 168, 176-7, 180, 182, 184-8, 192, 196-7, 200, 223-5, 246, 256-8, 276, 313 Ukraine, 234, 237, 243^1,267, 269, 270-3; Ukrainian Independence, 271, 273 United Kingdom, 4-9, 11-2,17, 19, 21, 26, 30, 32, 39, 41, 52, 56, 59, 61-2, 64, 67, 70, 102, 104-5, 122, 167, 228, 234, 246, 252-5, 308 United Nations, 36, 69, 306, 314, 321, 324-5; UN Center for Verification, 45; UN Charter, 324; UN General Assembly, 25, 38, 45, 48-9, 106, 120, 135, 309; Universal Declaration on Human Rights, 130 United States, xx, 4, 9-10,12,15, 18, 22, 40, 42, 55,61, 105, 109, 111, 115, 117, 123, 127, 132-3, 136, 185, 197, 225, 229, 232, 234, 238, 241, 245-8, 250, 254-5, 278, 302 Vancouver-Vladivostok, 136, 239-40, 242, 279,310 Vatican, 262 Vedrine, Hubert, 247 Vershbow, Alexander, 243 Visegrad, 168, 227, 238-40, 254, 279, 281,318 Vogel, Bernhard, 50, 69 Vogel, Hans-Jochen, 170-1 Voigt, Karsten, 178 Vorontzov, Yuli, 22, 42 Wałęsa, Lech, 261, 268 Waltz, Kenneth, 302, 316 Warsaw Pact/Warsaw Treaty Organization, ix, x, xviii, xix, xxxxiii, 7, 18-9, 28-9, 33, 35-6, 38, 40-2, 44-5, 47-8, 50,53, 59, 62, 64, 69, 107, 113-6, 118-9, 125-7, 130, 132, 134, 155, 157-61, 163, 168-9, 174-5, 178, 184-6, 188, 190-6, 198֊ 9, 203, 224, 226, 238-9, 252-3, 259, 275, 277-80, 308, 314-7, 323-4; Warsaw Treaty Art, 11 116, 196, 278,308,315; WTO Budapest, 19, 37, 43; WTO Bucharest, 113,115, 173; WTO Comprehensive Security Concept, 120; WTO East
Berlin, 43; WTO Moscow, 168; WTO Sofia, 47; WTO MC Strausberg, 168; WTO-NATO, 45-6, 51, 107, 1178, 132, 157-60, 176, 191, 193, 200-1, 203, 226, 249, 277, 314 Washington, 26, 33, 56, 62, 104, 108, 121, 127, 130, 136, 159-61, 186, 189, 191, 200, 229, 264; Washington Post, 184; Washington Summit, 11-2, 20, 25-30, 66, 164-6, 191, 193, 233, 276; Washington Summit Joint Declaration, 167 Weapons of Mass Destruction, 11, 45, 57, 237 Western European Union, 19, 51, 60-1, 63-6, 70, 120, 134, 157, 182, 239, 242, 246, 249-55, 279, 306; WEU Agency, 61; WEU Hague Platform, 63-7 Weinberger, Caspar, 12,16-7, 24 Weizsaecker, Richard v., 1984-94 54, 170 Wieland, Andre, 155 Wilson, James Graham, xvii, 323
Index 365 Woerner, Manfred, 102-3, 157, 163, 178, 182, 201, 203, 235, 238-40, 243, 249, 279 Wohlforth, William, 305 Woolsey, James, 17, 28 Yazov, Dimitry, 101, 188-9, 260, 262, 266, 268 Yeltsin, Boris, Federation 196, 231, 234, 236, 242-4, 256-9, 261-9, 271-5, 279-81,315,318, 321 Yakovlev, Alexander 272 Yakovlev, Yegor, 112, 178, 271-2 Yalta, 121, 126, 129, 186, 244, 322 Yanaev, Gennady, 267 Yavlinsky, Grigory, 272 Zelikov, Philip, 105, 120, 201, 316 Zlenko, Anatolij, 273 Zoellick, Robert, 176,197, 201, 253 Zubok, Vladislav, 43, 174, 309
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Bibliography 353 Shultz, George i.a (ed). Reykjavik Revisited: Steps Toward a World Free of Nuclear Weapons. Palo Alto: Hoover Institutional Press, 2009. Shumaker, David H. Gorbachev and the German Question: Soviet West-German Relations, 1985-1990. Santa Barbara-New York: Greenwood, 1995. Skinner, Kiron. Turning Points in Ending the Cold War. Palo Alto: Hoover Institution Press, 2007. Spohr, Kristina, and David Reynolds. Transcending the Cold War: Summits, Statecraft and the Dissolution ofBipolarity in Europe, 1970-1990. Oxford: OUP, 2016. Taubman, William. Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York: Simon Schuster, 2017. Tismaneanu, Vladimir. The End and the Beginning: The Revolutions of1989 and the Resurgence ofHistory. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2012. Trachtenberg, Marc. A Constructed Peace: The Making of the European Settlement, 1945-1963. Princeton: PUP, 1999. Wilson, James Graham. The Triumph of Improvisation: Gorbachev ’s Adaptability, Reagan ’s Engagement, and the End of the Cold War. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2014. Yeltsin, Boris. The Struggle for Russia. New York: Belka Publishers-Random House, 1994. Zubok, Vladislav Μ. Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War From Stalin to Gorbachev. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007. |
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| spelling | Dietl, Ralph 1964- Verfasser (DE-588)1089876386 aut The Cold War endgame geopolitics, arms control, and a planned revolution, 1984–1991 Ralph L. Dietl Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London Lexington Books [2022] © 2022 xxiv, 367 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1984-1991 gnd rswk-swf Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd rswk-swf Deutsche Frage (DE-588)4070342-3 gnd rswk-swf Rüstungsbegrenzung (DE-588)4115804-0 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 s Deutsche Frage (DE-588)4070342-3 s Rüstungsbegrenzung (DE-588)4115804-0 s Geschichte 1984-1991 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-7936-5582-0 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033838780&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033838780&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033838780&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Dietl, Ralph 1964- The Cold War endgame geopolitics, arms control, and a planned revolution, 1984–1991 Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd Deutsche Frage (DE-588)4070342-3 gnd Rüstungsbegrenzung (DE-588)4115804-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4075770-5 (DE-588)4070342-3 (DE-588)4115804-0 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | The Cold War endgame geopolitics, arms control, and a planned revolution, 1984–1991 |
| title_auth | The Cold War endgame geopolitics, arms control, and a planned revolution, 1984–1991 |
| title_exact_search | The Cold War endgame geopolitics, arms control, and a planned revolution, 1984–1991 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The Cold War endgame geopolitics, arms control, and a planned revolution, 1984–1991 |
| title_full | The Cold War endgame geopolitics, arms control, and a planned revolution, 1984–1991 Ralph L. Dietl |
| title_fullStr | The Cold War endgame geopolitics, arms control, and a planned revolution, 1984–1991 Ralph L. Dietl |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Cold War endgame geopolitics, arms control, and a planned revolution, 1984–1991 Ralph L. Dietl |
| title_short | The Cold War endgame |
| title_sort | the cold war endgame geopolitics arms control and a planned revolution 1984 1991 |
| title_sub | geopolitics, arms control, and a planned revolution, 1984–1991 |
| topic | Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd Deutsche Frage (DE-588)4070342-3 gnd Rüstungsbegrenzung (DE-588)4115804-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ost-West-Konflikt Deutsche Frage Rüstungsbegrenzung USA Sowjetunion |
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