Making laws that work: why laws fail and how we can do better
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford ; London ; New York ; New Delhi ; Sydney
Hart
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturangaben |
| Physical Description: | xvi, 202 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramm |
| ISBN: | 9781509955374 9781509955367 |
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CONTENTS Foreword. v Acknowledgements. vii List of Illustrations. xv Introduction. 1 Who is this Book For?. 1 Key Themes. 1 The Book’s Structure.4 The Perspectives from which I have Written this Book. 4 Where to Next?.5 PARTI SETTING THE SCENE 1. When Legislation Fails. 11 2. The Ways in which Legislation Fails. 15 The Damp Squib. 17 The Overshoot. 20 Nasty
Surprises. 22 The Backfire. 25 A Focus on how Legislation Changes Behaviour. 27 3. Learning from Past Failures. 31 Learning from Failure. 31 Causes of Legal Design Failures. 33 The Stories We Tell Ourselves about the Laws We Design. 34 The Importance of Team Composition and Dynamics. 36 A Better Model of the World for which We are Designing.37 How Can We Do Better?.39 The Implications of Our Limited Ability to Make Reliable Predictions. 41
x Contents 4. How Humans (Including Legal Designers) Actually Make Decisions. 45 Over-Confidence. 45 Substitution. 46 The Availability Heuristic. 46 The Affect Heuristic. 48 The Anchoring Effect. 48 The Representativeness Heuristic. 50 Confirmation Bias. 51 Loss Aversion. 51 Status Quo Bias. 52 The Framing Effect.52 Social Influences. 53 The Planning Fallacy. 54 The Impact of Bias and Noise in Legal
Design. 54 PART II LESSONS FOR LEGAL DESIGNERS 5. Adopting a Structured Approach to Designing New Laws.59 The Importance of a Structured Approach. 59 Responding to Uncertainty: Adaptive Legislation. 60 Some Tools to Improve How Legislation Works. 60 Who should do the Legal Design Work?. 60 Three Concerns. 61 6. What is the Current Position?. 64 What is the Current Law? How Does it Operate in Practice?. 64 The Gap between the Law on Paper and the Law in Operation. 65 Gathering Information about How Laws Operate. 66 7. What is the Legislation Aiming to Change?.73 8. Who are the Audiences for the Legislation?. 76 9. What Institutions will the Legislation Depend on? Do they have the Capacity to Play their Role?.82 Identifying the Relevant Institutions. 82 Do those Institutions have the Capacity to Play their Intended
Role?.83 Addressing Concerns about Institutional Capacity. 86
Contents xi 10. How will the Législation Change Behaviour? How might that go Wrong?. 89 How will the Legislation Change Behaviour?. 89 Has this been Tried Elsewhere?. 91 Two Critical Questions. 91 How does the Law Operate Elsewhere? Is it a Success?.92 Will Success Elsewhere Translate into Your Society?. 93 Summary: Precedents are Useful but Caution is Needed.93 Is a Trial/Pilot an Option?. 94 Assessing the Risk of Failure to Achieve the Desired Change. 96 A Pre-Mortem for the Legislation. 97 11. Adaptive Legislation.99 The Need for Adaptive Legislation. 99 Uncertainty about the Status Quo. 100 Uncertainty about the Effectiveness of the Legislation Over Time. 100 The Implications of Changing Technology. 101 Designing Adaptive
Legislation.102 Delegated Rule-Making. 102 Legislating Principles. 103 Some Hybrids.104 Express Provision for Reviews?.108 Express Provision for Experiments?. 109 The Need for a Baseline, and for Monitoring and Review. 109 Wilful Blindness.Ill 12. The Implications of New and Emerging Technologies. 114 Laws should Adapt to Technological Change. 114 Harnessing New Technologies to Make Better Laws, and to Make Laws Work Better.117 13. Cross-Border Issues. 121 Cross-Border Issues are Common.121 Addressing Cross-Border Issues. 122 14. Adjusting Default
Settings. 126 The Importance of Default Settings.126 Adjusting Default Settings to Make it Easier to Benefit from Legislation. 127 Adjusting Default Settings to Address Institutional Capacity Concerns. 131 A Risk of Overshoots?. 133 15. Reducing Complexity. 136 Standards, Rules and Complexity. 137
xii Contents Discretion. 138 Other Options for Reducing Complexity and Increasing Predictability. 139 The Importance of Institutions for Making these Approaches Work. 140 Institutional Arrangements that Avoid or Reduce Complexity. 141 Selecting an Appropriate Approach. 143 PART III THE CHECKLISTS 16. Checklists for Law Makers?. 149 The Structure of the Checklists. 149 How should the Checklists be Used?. 151 17. The Primary Checklist. 155 Item 1: What is the Current Position?. 155 Item 2: What is the Legislation Aiming to Change?.156 Item 3: Who are the Audiences for the Legislation?. 157 Item 4: What Institutions will the Legislation Depend on? Do they have the Capacity to Play their Role?. 157 Item 5: Has this been Tried Elsewhere? How did that Go? How Relevant is their Experience?. 157 Item 6: Is a Trial/Pilot an
Option?. 158 Item 7: How will the Legislation Contribute to Changes in Behaviour?. 158 Item 8: Can the Legislation Adapt to take Account of New Information and/or Changed Circumstances?. 159 Item 9: Does the Legislation take Cross-Border Issues into Account?. 159 Item 10: Telling the Story - The Narrative Explaining the Reasons for the Reform. 160 18. Benefits Checklist.162 Bl: Who is the Legislation Intended to Benefit? What Benefits are those Beneficiaries Intended to Obtain?. 163 B2: What Criteria do the Beneficiaries Need to Meet to Qualify for those Benefits?.164 B3: How will the Beneficiaries Become Aware of the Availability of those Benefits, and How to Obtain them?. 165 B4: Can Receipt of those Benefits be made a Default Setting that does not require any Specific Action from Beneficiaries?.166 B5: If Beneficiaries are Required to make an Active Decision, or take Active Steps, What can be Done to make this as Simple and Easy as
Possible?. 167
Contents xiii 19. Compliance Checklist. 171 Cl: Who is Required to take Steps to Comply with the Legislation? What is each Relevant Compliance Group Required to Do?. 172 C2: Can Some Compliance Obligations be Reduced or Eliminated?. 172 C3: How will each Compliance Group be made Aware of their Obligations?. 174 C4: What can be Done to Make Compliance as Simple and Easy as Possible?. 175 C5: What can be Done to Encourage Compliance?. 176 20. Institutions Checklist. 179 II: What Institutions will Play a Role in Implementing the Legislation? What Decisions and Actions will they be Required to Take?. 179 12: Will each of those Institutions have the Capacity and Will to Perform its Role?. 180 13: How can any Concerns about Institutional Capacity be Addressed?. 181 21. Improving the Checklists. 182 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Legislation Checklists. 187 The Primary Checklist.
187 Benefits Checklist. 190 Compliance Checklist. 191 Institutions Checklist. 192 Appendix 2: Background Reading for Legal Designers. 193 Highly Recommended Reading. 193 Suggested Reading. 193 Index 195 |
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS Foreword. v Acknowledgements. vii List of Illustrations. xv Introduction. 1 Who is this Book For?. 1 Key Themes. 1 The Book’s Structure.4 The Perspectives from which I have Written this Book. 4 Where to Next?.5 PARTI SETTING THE SCENE 1. When Legislation Fails. 11 2. The Ways in which Legislation Fails. 15 The Damp Squib. 17 The Overshoot. 20 Nasty
Surprises. 22 The Backfire. 25 A Focus on how Legislation Changes Behaviour. 27 3. Learning from Past Failures. 31 Learning from Failure. 31 Causes of Legal Design Failures. 33 The Stories We Tell Ourselves about the Laws We Design. 34 The Importance of Team Composition and Dynamics. 36 A Better Model of the World for which We are Designing.37 How Can We Do Better?.39 The Implications of Our Limited Ability to Make Reliable Predictions. 41
x Contents 4. How Humans (Including Legal Designers) Actually Make Decisions. 45 Over-Confidence. 45 Substitution. 46 The Availability Heuristic. 46 The Affect Heuristic. 48 The Anchoring Effect. 48 The Representativeness Heuristic. 50 Confirmation Bias. 51 Loss Aversion. 51 Status Quo Bias. 52 The Framing Effect.52 Social Influences. 53 The Planning Fallacy. 54 The Impact of Bias and Noise in Legal
Design. 54 PART II LESSONS FOR LEGAL DESIGNERS 5. Adopting a Structured Approach to Designing New Laws.59 The Importance of a Structured Approach. 59 Responding to Uncertainty: Adaptive Legislation. 60 Some Tools to Improve How Legislation Works. 60 Who should do the Legal Design Work?. 60 Three Concerns. 61 6. What is the Current Position?. 64 What is the Current Law? How Does it Operate in Practice?. 64 The Gap between the Law on Paper and the Law in Operation. 65 Gathering Information about How Laws Operate. 66 7. What is the Legislation Aiming to Change?.73 8. Who are the Audiences for the Legislation?. 76 9. What Institutions will the Legislation Depend on? Do they have the Capacity to Play their Role?.82 Identifying the Relevant Institutions. 82 Do those Institutions have the Capacity to Play their Intended
Role?.83 Addressing Concerns about Institutional Capacity. 86
Contents xi 10. How will the Législation Change Behaviour? How might that go Wrong?. 89 How will the Legislation Change Behaviour?. 89 Has this been Tried Elsewhere?. 91 Two Critical Questions. 91 How does the Law Operate Elsewhere? Is it a Success?.92 Will Success Elsewhere Translate into Your Society?. 93 Summary: Precedents are Useful but Caution is Needed.93 Is a Trial/Pilot an Option?. 94 Assessing the Risk of Failure to Achieve the Desired Change. 96 A Pre-Mortem for the Legislation. 97 11. Adaptive Legislation.99 The Need for Adaptive Legislation. 99 Uncertainty about the Status Quo. 100 Uncertainty about the Effectiveness of the Legislation Over Time. 100 The Implications of Changing Technology. 101 Designing Adaptive
Legislation.102 Delegated Rule-Making. 102 Legislating Principles. 103 Some Hybrids.104 Express Provision for Reviews?.108 Express Provision for Experiments?. 109 The Need for a Baseline, and for Monitoring and Review. 109 Wilful Blindness.Ill 12. The Implications of New and Emerging Technologies. 114 Laws should Adapt to Technological Change. 114 Harnessing New Technologies to Make Better Laws, and to Make Laws Work Better.117 13. Cross-Border Issues. 121 Cross-Border Issues are Common.121 Addressing Cross-Border Issues. 122 14. Adjusting Default
Settings. 126 The Importance of Default Settings.126 Adjusting Default Settings to Make it Easier to Benefit from Legislation. 127 Adjusting Default Settings to Address Institutional Capacity Concerns. 131 A Risk of Overshoots?. 133 15. Reducing Complexity. 136 Standards, Rules and Complexity. 137
xii Contents Discretion. 138 Other Options for Reducing Complexity and Increasing Predictability. 139 The Importance of Institutions for Making these Approaches Work. 140 Institutional Arrangements that Avoid or Reduce Complexity. 141 Selecting an Appropriate Approach. 143 PART III THE CHECKLISTS 16. Checklists for Law Makers?. 149 The Structure of the Checklists. 149 How should the Checklists be Used?. 151 17. The Primary Checklist. 155 Item 1: What is the Current Position?. 155 Item 2: What is the Legislation Aiming to Change?.156 Item 3: Who are the Audiences for the Legislation?. 157 Item 4: What Institutions will the Legislation Depend on? Do they have the Capacity to Play their Role?. 157 Item 5: Has this been Tried Elsewhere? How did that Go? How Relevant is their Experience?. 157 Item 6: Is a Trial/Pilot an
Option?. 158 Item 7: How will the Legislation Contribute to Changes in Behaviour?. 158 Item 8: Can the Legislation Adapt to take Account of New Information and/or Changed Circumstances?. 159 Item 9: Does the Legislation take Cross-Border Issues into Account?. 159 Item 10: Telling the Story - The Narrative Explaining the Reasons for the Reform. 160 18. Benefits Checklist.162 Bl: Who is the Legislation Intended to Benefit? What Benefits are those Beneficiaries Intended to Obtain?. 163 B2: What Criteria do the Beneficiaries Need to Meet to Qualify for those Benefits?.164 B3: How will the Beneficiaries Become Aware of the Availability of those Benefits, and How to Obtain them?. 165 B4: Can Receipt of those Benefits be made a Default Setting that does not require any Specific Action from Beneficiaries?.166 B5: If Beneficiaries are Required to make an Active Decision, or take Active Steps, What can be Done to make this as Simple and Easy as
Possible?. 167
Contents xiii 19. Compliance Checklist. 171 Cl: Who is Required to take Steps to Comply with the Legislation? What is each Relevant Compliance Group Required to Do?. 172 C2: Can Some Compliance Obligations be Reduced or Eliminated?. 172 C3: How will each Compliance Group be made Aware of their Obligations?. 174 C4: What can be Done to Make Compliance as Simple and Easy as Possible?. 175 C5: What can be Done to Encourage Compliance?. 176 20. Institutions Checklist. 179 II: What Institutions will Play a Role in Implementing the Legislation? What Decisions and Actions will they be Required to Take?. 179 12: Will each of those Institutions have the Capacity and Will to Perform its Role?. 180 13: How can any Concerns about Institutional Capacity be Addressed?. 181 21. Improving the Checklists. 182 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Legislation Checklists. 187 The Primary Checklist.
187 Benefits Checklist. 190 Compliance Checklist. 191 Institutions Checklist. 192 Appendix 2: Background Reading for Legal Designers. 193 Highly Recommended Reading. 193 Suggested Reading. 193 Index 195 |
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| spelling | Goddard, David Verfasser (DE-588)1264420773 aut Making laws that work why laws fail and how we can do better David Goddard Oxford ; London ; New York ; New Delhi ; Sydney Hart 2022 xvi, 202 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Gesetzgebung (DE-588)4020682-8 gnd rswk-swf Gesetzgebung (DE-588)4020682-8 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-1-50995-539-8 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-1-50995-538-1 Digitalisierung UB Passau - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033830039&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Goddard, David Making laws that work why laws fail and how we can do better Gesetzgebung (DE-588)4020682-8 gnd |
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| title | Making laws that work why laws fail and how we can do better |
| title_auth | Making laws that work why laws fail and how we can do better |
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| title_full | Making laws that work why laws fail and how we can do better David Goddard |
| title_fullStr | Making laws that work why laws fail and how we can do better David Goddard |
| title_full_unstemmed | Making laws that work why laws fail and how we can do better David Goddard |
| title_short | Making laws that work |
| title_sort | making laws that work why laws fail and how we can do better |
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