Parental Custody after Separation or Divorce: A Comparison Between German and Chinese Law
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Frankfurt a.M.
Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften
2020
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource (256 Seiten) |
| ISBN: | 9783631842027 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Parental Custody after Separation or Divorce |b A Comparison Between German and Chinese Law |
| 264 | 1 | |a Frankfurt a.M. |b Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften |c 2020 | |
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| 300 | |a 1 Online-Ressource (256 Seiten) | ||
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| 505 | 8 | |a Cover -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Research Background -- 1.2 Current Research Status -- 1.3 Structure of the Thesis -- 2 Historical Development of the Legal Concept 'Parental Custody' -- 2.1 Before the Implementation of the BGB -- 2.1.1 Ancient Roman Law (753 B.C.-A.D. 476) -- 2.1.2 From the Early Modern Era to the End of 19th Century -- 2.2 Milestone Reforms to the Laws on Parental Custody Since the BGB of 1900 -- 2.2.1 The BGB of 1900 -- 2.2.2 Law of the Equal Rights Between Men and Women -- 2.2.3 First Reform Law on Marriage and Family of 14 June 1976 -- 2.2.4 Reform of Parental Custody Act of 18 July 1979 -- 2.2.5 Reform of Parents and Child Act of 1 July 1998 -- 2.2.5.1 Background of the Reform -- 2.2.5.2 Main Content of the Reform -- 2.2.6 Reform of Act of Parental Custody of the Unmarried Parents of 19 May 2013 -- 2.2.6.1 Background of the Reform -- 2.2.6.2 Main Content of the Reform -- 2.3 Current Applicable Laws -- 2.3.1 Domestic Laws -- 2.3.1.1 Basic Law (GG) -- 2.3.1.2 BGB -- 2.3.1.3 FamFG -- 2.3.1.4 Book VIII of Code of Social Law -- 2.3.2 International Laws and Conventions, Regulations of EU -- 2.3.2.1 Convention on the Rights of the Child -- 2.3.2.2 Child Protection Convention of Hague Conference -- 2.3.2.3 European Convention on Human Rights -- 2.3.2.4 Brussels IIa -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 An Overview of the Legal Concept of 'Parental Custody' -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Concept of 'Parental Custody' -- 3.1.2 Legal Nature -- 3.1.2.1 Right or Duty? -- 3.1.2.2 Public or Private? -- 3.1.2.3 Summary -- 3.1.3 Types of Parental Custody -- 3.1.3.1 Care for the Person and Care for the Property -- 3.1.3.2 Joint and Sole Parental Custody -- a) Joint Parental Custody -- b) Sole Parental Custody -- 3.1.4 Comparison with Other Legal Terms -- 3.1.4.1 Parental Responsibility | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 3.1.4.2 Guardianship, Legal Care and Curatorship -- 3.2 Care for the Person -- 3.2.1 Content -- 3.2.2 Limitation to Parental Custody -- 3.2.2.1 Objectives of Parenting -- 3.2.2.2 Limitation to Rights of Parents -- a) Avoidance of Violence Abuse -- b) Consideration of the Growing Independence of the Child -- aa) Abortion -- bb) Religion -- c) Supervision of State Authorities -- 3.2.3 Duration, Suspension and Deprivation -- 3.2.3.1 Duration -- 3.2.3.2 Suspension -- a) Legal Hindrance -- aa) Incapacity of Contracting in 1673 BGB -- bb) Confidential Birth in 1674a BGB -- b) Actual Hindrance (de facto) in 1674 BGB -- c) Legal Consequences of Suspension -- 3.2.3.3 Deprivation -- 3.2.4 Limitation of Liability ( 1664 BGB) -- 3.3 Principle of the Best Interests of the Child -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Evolution of Evaluation Criteria -- 3.3.2.1 Era of Gender Bias -- 3.3.2.2 Priority of the Parent Without Fault -- 3.3.2.3 Doctrine of Primary Caretaker and Tender Years Preference -- 3.3.2.4 Principle of the Best Interests of the Child -- 3.3.3 In German Law -- 3.3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.3.2 Application Scope of This Principle -- 3.3.3.3 Criteria to Evaluate the Best Interests of the Child -- a) Capability of Parents -- b) Connection of the Child -- c) Will of the Child -- d) Principle of Continuity -- e) An Example of Case-Law -- aa) Legal Facts -- bb) Application of Criteria to Evaluate the Best Interests of the Child -- 3.3.3.4 Conclusion -- 4 Parental Custody for the Child Born in Wedlock -- 4.1 Joinder of Divorce Proceedings and Ancillary Proceedings -- 4.2 Determination of the Residence of the Child -- 4.2.1 Residence Model (Residenzmodell) -- 4.2.2 Nest Model (Nestmodell) -- 4.2.3 Switching Model (Wechselmodell) -- 4.2.3.1 Introduction -- a) Definition -- b) Precondition -- 4.2.3.2 Legal Issues in Dispute -- a) As a General Rule? | |
| 505 | 8 | |a b) Against Will of Parents? -- c) In Custody or Contact Proceedings? -- d) Positive Application of the Best Interests of the Child -- e) Current View of the BGH -- 4.2.3.3 Problems in Practice -- a) Physical Feasibility -- b) Registration of Primary Residence -- c) Payment of Child Support -- 4.3 Exercise of Joint Parental Custody After Separation -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.1.1 Scope of Application -- 4.3.1.2 Distinction Between Matters of Everyday Life and of Significant Importance -- 4.3.2 Decision in Matters of Everyday Life of the Child -- 4.3.3 Decision Concerning Matters of Great Importance for the Child -- 4.3.3.1 Matters of Great Importance -- a) School Issues -- b) Healthcare -- aa) Vaccination -- bb) Circumcision of Male Children -- c) Religion -- d) Trip Abroad -- 4.3.3.2 Court Decision in Case of Dissent Between Parents -- 4.4 Right of Contact -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.1.1 Legal Basis ( 1626 III and 1684 BGB) -- 4.4.1.2 Legal Nature -- a) Right and Duty of Parents -- b) Right of the Child -- 4.4.1.3 Ways and Place to Exercise Right of Contact -- 4.4.2 Between Parents -- 4.4.2.1 Cooperative Behaviour Obligation in 1684 II BGB -- a) Cooperative Behaviour Obligation of the Resident Parent -- b) Cooperative Behaviour Obligation of the Non-resident Parent -- c) Claim for Compensation -- d) Expenditure out of Right of Contact -- 4.4.2.2 Right to Demand Information on Personal Circumstances of the Child -- 4.4.3 Court Orders by the Family Court -- 4.4.3.1 Arrangement of the Contact by Court ( 1684 III BGB) -- a) Criteria -- b) Appointment of a Contact Supervisor ( 1684 III 3 BGB) -- 4.4.3.2 Restriction and Exclusion of Right of Contact ( 1684 IV BGB) -- a) Principle of Proportionality -- b) Accompanied Contact -- aa) General Rules -- bb) Presence of a Third Party -- cc) Comparison with Contact Supervisor | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 4.4.3.3 No Compulsion for the Child to Have Contact with Parents -- 4.4.4 Administrative Means of Coercion and Enforcement in 89, 90 FamFG -- 4.4.4.1 Two Means of Coercion -- 4.4.4.2 Principle of Proportionality -- 4.4.4.3 Enforcement in 90 FamFG -- 4.4.5 Need for Further Reform -- 4.4.5.1 Stricter Burden of Proof -- 4.4.5.2 More Punitive Measures -- 4.4.5.3 More Effective Legal Protection -- 4.5 Transfer from Joint Parental Custody to Sole Parental Custody According to 1671 I BGB After Separation -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- 4.5.2 1671 I 2 Nr. 1 BGB -- 4.5.3 1671 I 2 Nr. 2 BGB -- 4.5.3.1 Examination of Withdrawal of Joint Parental Custody -- 4.5.3.2 Examination of Transfer of Sole Parental Custody -- 5 Parental Custody for the Child Born Out of Wedlock -- 5.1 Historical Development of the Legal Status of the 'Illegitimate' Child -- 5.1.1 Before the Entry into Force of the BGB -- 5.1.2 From 1 January 1900 to 23 May 1949 -- 5.1.3 Since the Entry into Force of the Basic Law -- 5.1.3.1 Revision of Family Law of 11 August 1961 -- 5.1.3.2 Act on Children Born Out of Wedlock of 19 August 1969 -- 5.1.3.3 Reform of Parental Custody Act of 18 July 1979 -- 5.1.3.4 Reform of Parents and Child Act of 1 July 1998 -- 5.1.3.5 Reform of Act of Parental Custody of the Unmarried Parents of 19 May 2013 -- 5.1.3.6 Act to Strengthen Rights of the Biological but not the Legal Father -- 5.1.4 Conclusion -- 5.2 Types of Parental Custody of Children Born Out of Wedlock -- 5.2.1 Sole Parental Custody of the Mother in 1626a III BGB -- 5.2.2 Sole Parental Custody of the Father Through Court Decision According to 1671 II BGB -- 5.2.3 Joint Parental Custody Through Declaration in 1626a I 1 BGB -- 5.2.3.1 Formality -- 5.2.3.2 Time of the Declaration -- 5.2.3.3 Legal Nature -- 5.2.4 Joint Parental Custody Through Marriage in 1626a I 2 BGB. | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 5.2.5 Joint Parental Custody Acquired by Court Order in 1626a I 3, II BGB -- 5.2.5.1 Legal Requirements -- 5.2.5.2 Criteria to Decide on Transfer of Joint Parental Custody -- a) Negative Assessment Criterion -- b) Positive Assessment Criterion -- c) Study on Decisions of Local Courts -- d) Decision of BGH on 15 June 2016 -- 5.2.5.3 Proceedings for Transfer of Joint Parental Custody ( 155a FamFG) -- 5.2.6 Another Type? -- 5.3 Rights of the Biological but Not the Legal Father -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Right to Acknowledge Paternity and Apply for Determination of Paternity -- 5.3.3 Right to Challenge Paternity -- 5.3.3.1 Historical Development -- 5.3.3.2 Reform Need in German Law -- a) Impulse from Decisions of the ECtHR -- b) Advice on Legal Reform -- 5.3.3.3 Two Fathers? -- 5.3.4 Right of Contact and to Claim Information -- 5.3.4.1 Introduction -- 5.3.4.2 Application Precondition -- a) Serious Interest -- b) In the Best Interests of the Child -- aa) Examination Criteria -- bb) Different Criteria Between 1686a I 1 BGB and 1686a I 2 BGB -- 5.3.4.3 Procedure According to 167a I FamFG -- 5.3.4.4 Summary -- 5.4 Right of the Child to Know Genetical Paternity -- 5.5 Conclusion -- 6 Involvement of State Authorities -- 6.1 Justification of Involvement of State Authorities -- 6.1.1 Autonomy of Parents and Supervision and Assistance of State Authorities -- 6.1.2 Fundamental Rights of the Child -- 6.1.3 Roles of State Authorities -- 6.2 Family Court -- 6.2.1 Introduction -- 6.2.2 Involvement of the Court from the Perspective of Substantive Law -- 6.2.2.1 Court Decision in 1628 and 1631 BGB -- 6.2.2.2 Court Measures upon Endangerment of the Best Interests of the Child in 1666 BGB -- a) Precondition of Application -- aa) Determination of Endangerment -- bb) Non-conduct of the Parents -- b) Principle of Proportionality -- aa) Suitability | |
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| author | Wang, Shuang |
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| contents | Cover -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Research Background -- 1.2 Current Research Status -- 1.3 Structure of the Thesis -- 2 Historical Development of the Legal Concept 'Parental Custody' -- 2.1 Before the Implementation of the BGB -- 2.1.1 Ancient Roman Law (753 B.C.-A.D. 476) -- 2.1.2 From the Early Modern Era to the End of 19th Century -- 2.2 Milestone Reforms to the Laws on Parental Custody Since the BGB of 1900 -- 2.2.1 The BGB of 1900 -- 2.2.2 Law of the Equal Rights Between Men and Women -- 2.2.3 First Reform Law on Marriage and Family of 14 June 1976 -- 2.2.4 Reform of Parental Custody Act of 18 July 1979 -- 2.2.5 Reform of Parents and Child Act of 1 July 1998 -- 2.2.5.1 Background of the Reform -- 2.2.5.2 Main Content of the Reform -- 2.2.6 Reform of Act of Parental Custody of the Unmarried Parents of 19 May 2013 -- 2.2.6.1 Background of the Reform -- 2.2.6.2 Main Content of the Reform -- 2.3 Current Applicable Laws -- 2.3.1 Domestic Laws -- 2.3.1.1 Basic Law (GG) -- 2.3.1.2 BGB -- 2.3.1.3 FamFG -- 2.3.1.4 Book VIII of Code of Social Law -- 2.3.2 International Laws and Conventions, Regulations of EU -- 2.3.2.1 Convention on the Rights of the Child -- 2.3.2.2 Child Protection Convention of Hague Conference -- 2.3.2.3 European Convention on Human Rights -- 2.3.2.4 Brussels IIa -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 An Overview of the Legal Concept of 'Parental Custody' -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Concept of 'Parental Custody' -- 3.1.2 Legal Nature -- 3.1.2.1 Right or Duty? -- 3.1.2.2 Public or Private? -- 3.1.2.3 Summary -- 3.1.3 Types of Parental Custody -- 3.1.3.1 Care for the Person and Care for the Property -- 3.1.3.2 Joint and Sole Parental Custody -- a) Joint Parental Custody -- b) Sole Parental Custody -- 3.1.4 Comparison with Other Legal Terms -- 3.1.4.1 Parental Responsibility 3.1.4.2 Guardianship, Legal Care and Curatorship -- 3.2 Care for the Person -- 3.2.1 Content -- 3.2.2 Limitation to Parental Custody -- 3.2.2.1 Objectives of Parenting -- 3.2.2.2 Limitation to Rights of Parents -- a) Avoidance of Violence Abuse -- b) Consideration of the Growing Independence of the Child -- aa) Abortion -- bb) Religion -- c) Supervision of State Authorities -- 3.2.3 Duration, Suspension and Deprivation -- 3.2.3.1 Duration -- 3.2.3.2 Suspension -- a) Legal Hindrance -- aa) Incapacity of Contracting in 1673 BGB -- bb) Confidential Birth in 1674a BGB -- b) Actual Hindrance (de facto) in 1674 BGB -- c) Legal Consequences of Suspension -- 3.2.3.3 Deprivation -- 3.2.4 Limitation of Liability ( 1664 BGB) -- 3.3 Principle of the Best Interests of the Child -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Evolution of Evaluation Criteria -- 3.3.2.1 Era of Gender Bias -- 3.3.2.2 Priority of the Parent Without Fault -- 3.3.2.3 Doctrine of Primary Caretaker and Tender Years Preference -- 3.3.2.4 Principle of the Best Interests of the Child -- 3.3.3 In German Law -- 3.3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.3.2 Application Scope of This Principle -- 3.3.3.3 Criteria to Evaluate the Best Interests of the Child -- a) Capability of Parents -- b) Connection of the Child -- c) Will of the Child -- d) Principle of Continuity -- e) An Example of Case-Law -- aa) Legal Facts -- bb) Application of Criteria to Evaluate the Best Interests of the Child -- 3.3.3.4 Conclusion -- 4 Parental Custody for the Child Born in Wedlock -- 4.1 Joinder of Divorce Proceedings and Ancillary Proceedings -- 4.2 Determination of the Residence of the Child -- 4.2.1 Residence Model (Residenzmodell) -- 4.2.2 Nest Model (Nestmodell) -- 4.2.3 Switching Model (Wechselmodell) -- 4.2.3.1 Introduction -- a) Definition -- b) Precondition -- 4.2.3.2 Legal Issues in Dispute -- a) As a General Rule? b) Against Will of Parents? -- c) In Custody or Contact Proceedings? -- d) Positive Application of the Best Interests of the Child -- e) Current View of the BGH -- 4.2.3.3 Problems in Practice -- a) Physical Feasibility -- b) Registration of Primary Residence -- c) Payment of Child Support -- 4.3 Exercise of Joint Parental Custody After Separation -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.1.1 Scope of Application -- 4.3.1.2 Distinction Between Matters of Everyday Life and of Significant Importance -- 4.3.2 Decision in Matters of Everyday Life of the Child -- 4.3.3 Decision Concerning Matters of Great Importance for the Child -- 4.3.3.1 Matters of Great Importance -- a) School Issues -- b) Healthcare -- aa) Vaccination -- bb) Circumcision of Male Children -- c) Religion -- d) Trip Abroad -- 4.3.3.2 Court Decision in Case of Dissent Between Parents -- 4.4 Right of Contact -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.1.1 Legal Basis ( 1626 III and 1684 BGB) -- 4.4.1.2 Legal Nature -- a) Right and Duty of Parents -- b) Right of the Child -- 4.4.1.3 Ways and Place to Exercise Right of Contact -- 4.4.2 Between Parents -- 4.4.2.1 Cooperative Behaviour Obligation in 1684 II BGB -- a) Cooperative Behaviour Obligation of the Resident Parent -- b) Cooperative Behaviour Obligation of the Non-resident Parent -- c) Claim for Compensation -- d) Expenditure out of Right of Contact -- 4.4.2.2 Right to Demand Information on Personal Circumstances of the Child -- 4.4.3 Court Orders by the Family Court -- 4.4.3.1 Arrangement of the Contact by Court ( 1684 III BGB) -- a) Criteria -- b) Appointment of a Contact Supervisor ( 1684 III 3 BGB) -- 4.4.3.2 Restriction and Exclusion of Right of Contact ( 1684 IV BGB) -- a) Principle of Proportionality -- b) Accompanied Contact -- aa) General Rules -- bb) Presence of a Third Party -- cc) Comparison with Contact Supervisor 4.4.3.3 No Compulsion for the Child to Have Contact with Parents -- 4.4.4 Administrative Means of Coercion and Enforcement in 89, 90 FamFG -- 4.4.4.1 Two Means of Coercion -- 4.4.4.2 Principle of Proportionality -- 4.4.4.3 Enforcement in 90 FamFG -- 4.4.5 Need for Further Reform -- 4.4.5.1 Stricter Burden of Proof -- 4.4.5.2 More Punitive Measures -- 4.4.5.3 More Effective Legal Protection -- 4.5 Transfer from Joint Parental Custody to Sole Parental Custody According to 1671 I BGB After Separation -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- 4.5.2 1671 I 2 Nr. 1 BGB -- 4.5.3 1671 I 2 Nr. 2 BGB -- 4.5.3.1 Examination of Withdrawal of Joint Parental Custody -- 4.5.3.2 Examination of Transfer of Sole Parental Custody -- 5 Parental Custody for the Child Born Out of Wedlock -- 5.1 Historical Development of the Legal Status of the 'Illegitimate' Child -- 5.1.1 Before the Entry into Force of the BGB -- 5.1.2 From 1 January 1900 to 23 May 1949 -- 5.1.3 Since the Entry into Force of the Basic Law -- 5.1.3.1 Revision of Family Law of 11 August 1961 -- 5.1.3.2 Act on Children Born Out of Wedlock of 19 August 1969 -- 5.1.3.3 Reform of Parental Custody Act of 18 July 1979 -- 5.1.3.4 Reform of Parents and Child Act of 1 July 1998 -- 5.1.3.5 Reform of Act of Parental Custody of the Unmarried Parents of 19 May 2013 -- 5.1.3.6 Act to Strengthen Rights of the Biological but not the Legal Father -- 5.1.4 Conclusion -- 5.2 Types of Parental Custody of Children Born Out of Wedlock -- 5.2.1 Sole Parental Custody of the Mother in 1626a III BGB -- 5.2.2 Sole Parental Custody of the Father Through Court Decision According to 1671 II BGB -- 5.2.3 Joint Parental Custody Through Declaration in 1626a I 1 BGB -- 5.2.3.1 Formality -- 5.2.3.2 Time of the Declaration -- 5.2.3.3 Legal Nature -- 5.2.4 Joint Parental Custody Through Marriage in 1626a I 2 BGB. 5.2.5 Joint Parental Custody Acquired by Court Order in 1626a I 3, II BGB -- 5.2.5.1 Legal Requirements -- 5.2.5.2 Criteria to Decide on Transfer of Joint Parental Custody -- a) Negative Assessment Criterion -- b) Positive Assessment Criterion -- c) Study on Decisions of Local Courts -- d) Decision of BGH on 15 June 2016 -- 5.2.5.3 Proceedings for Transfer of Joint Parental Custody ( 155a FamFG) -- 5.2.6 Another Type? -- 5.3 Rights of the Biological but Not the Legal Father -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Right to Acknowledge Paternity and Apply for Determination of Paternity -- 5.3.3 Right to Challenge Paternity -- 5.3.3.1 Historical Development -- 5.3.3.2 Reform Need in German Law -- a) Impulse from Decisions of the ECtHR -- b) Advice on Legal Reform -- 5.3.3.3 Two Fathers? -- 5.3.4 Right of Contact and to Claim Information -- 5.3.4.1 Introduction -- 5.3.4.2 Application Precondition -- a) Serious Interest -- b) In the Best Interests of the Child -- aa) Examination Criteria -- bb) Different Criteria Between 1686a I 1 BGB and 1686a I 2 BGB -- 5.3.4.3 Procedure According to 167a I FamFG -- 5.3.4.4 Summary -- 5.4 Right of the Child to Know Genetical Paternity -- 5.5 Conclusion -- 6 Involvement of State Authorities -- 6.1 Justification of Involvement of State Authorities -- 6.1.1 Autonomy of Parents and Supervision and Assistance of State Authorities -- 6.1.2 Fundamental Rights of the Child -- 6.1.3 Roles of State Authorities -- 6.2 Family Court -- 6.2.1 Introduction -- 6.2.2 Involvement of the Court from the Perspective of Substantive Law -- 6.2.2.1 Court Decision in 1628 and 1631 BGB -- 6.2.2.2 Court Measures upon Endangerment of the Best Interests of the Child in 1666 BGB -- a) Precondition of Application -- aa) Determination of Endangerment -- bb) Non-conduct of the Parents -- b) Principle of Proportionality -- aa) Suitability bb) Principle of Necessity |
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| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>11446nmm a2200577 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV048323474</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">00000000000000.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr|uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">220712s2020 |||| o||u| ||||||eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9783631842027</subfield><subfield code="q">(electronic bk.)</subfield><subfield code="9">9783631842027</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ZDB-30-PQE)EBC6479882</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ZDB-30-PAD)EBC6479882</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ZDB-89-EBL)EBL6479882</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1237863158</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV048323474</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">PU 1534</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)139920:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">PU 8450</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)140717:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Wang, Shuang</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Parental Custody after Separation or Divorce</subfield><subfield code="b">A Comparison Between German and Chinese Law</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Frankfurt a.M.</subfield><subfield code="b">Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften</subfield><subfield code="c">2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">©2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 Online-Ressource (256 Seiten)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Cover -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Research Background -- 1.2 Current Research Status -- 1.3 Structure of the Thesis -- 2 Historical Development of the Legal Concept 'Parental Custody' -- 2.1 Before the Implementation of the BGB -- 2.1.1 Ancient Roman Law (753 B.C.-A.D. 476) -- 2.1.2 From the Early Modern Era to the End of 19th Century -- 2.2 Milestone Reforms to the Laws on Parental Custody Since the BGB of 1900 -- 2.2.1 The BGB of 1900 -- 2.2.2 Law of the Equal Rights Between Men and Women -- 2.2.3 First Reform Law on Marriage and Family of 14 June 1976 -- 2.2.4 Reform of Parental Custody Act of 18 July 1979 -- 2.2.5 Reform of Parents and Child Act of 1 July 1998 -- 2.2.5.1 Background of the Reform -- 2.2.5.2 Main Content of the Reform -- 2.2.6 Reform of Act of Parental Custody of the Unmarried Parents of 19 May 2013 -- 2.2.6.1 Background of the Reform -- 2.2.6.2 Main Content of the Reform -- 2.3 Current Applicable Laws -- 2.3.1 Domestic Laws -- 2.3.1.1 Basic Law (GG) -- 2.3.1.2 BGB -- 2.3.1.3 FamFG -- 2.3.1.4 Book VIII of Code of Social Law -- 2.3.2 International Laws and Conventions, Regulations of EU -- 2.3.2.1 Convention on the Rights of the Child -- 2.3.2.2 Child Protection Convention of Hague Conference -- 2.3.2.3 European Convention on Human Rights -- 2.3.2.4 Brussels IIa -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 An Overview of the Legal Concept of 'Parental Custody' -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Concept of 'Parental Custody' -- 3.1.2 Legal Nature -- 3.1.2.1 Right or Duty? -- 3.1.2.2 Public or Private? -- 3.1.2.3 Summary -- 3.1.3 Types of Parental Custody -- 3.1.3.1 Care for the Person and Care for the Property -- 3.1.3.2 Joint and Sole Parental Custody -- a) Joint Parental Custody -- b) Sole Parental Custody -- 3.1.4 Comparison with Other Legal Terms -- 3.1.4.1 Parental Responsibility</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3.1.4.2 Guardianship, Legal Care and Curatorship -- 3.2 Care for the Person -- 3.2.1 Content -- 3.2.2 Limitation to Parental Custody -- 3.2.2.1 Objectives of Parenting -- 3.2.2.2 Limitation to Rights of Parents -- a) Avoidance of Violence Abuse -- b) Consideration of the Growing Independence of the Child -- aa) Abortion -- bb) Religion -- c) Supervision of State Authorities -- 3.2.3 Duration, Suspension and Deprivation -- 3.2.3.1 Duration -- 3.2.3.2 Suspension -- a) Legal Hindrance -- aa) Incapacity of Contracting in 1673 BGB -- bb) Confidential Birth in 1674a BGB -- b) Actual Hindrance (de facto) in 1674 BGB -- c) Legal Consequences of Suspension -- 3.2.3.3 Deprivation -- 3.2.4 Limitation of Liability ( 1664 BGB) -- 3.3 Principle of the Best Interests of the Child -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Evolution of Evaluation Criteria -- 3.3.2.1 Era of Gender Bias -- 3.3.2.2 Priority of the Parent Without Fault -- 3.3.2.3 Doctrine of Primary Caretaker and Tender Years Preference -- 3.3.2.4 Principle of the Best Interests of the Child -- 3.3.3 In German Law -- 3.3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.3.2 Application Scope of This Principle -- 3.3.3.3 Criteria to Evaluate the Best Interests of the Child -- a) Capability of Parents -- b) Connection of the Child -- c) Will of the Child -- d) Principle of Continuity -- e) An Example of Case-Law -- aa) Legal Facts -- bb) Application of Criteria to Evaluate the Best Interests of the Child -- 3.3.3.4 Conclusion -- 4 Parental Custody for the Child Born in Wedlock -- 4.1 Joinder of Divorce Proceedings and Ancillary Proceedings -- 4.2 Determination of the Residence of the Child -- 4.2.1 Residence Model (Residenzmodell) -- 4.2.2 Nest Model (Nestmodell) -- 4.2.3 Switching Model (Wechselmodell) -- 4.2.3.1 Introduction -- a) Definition -- b) Precondition -- 4.2.3.2 Legal Issues in Dispute -- a) As a General Rule?</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">b) Against Will of Parents? -- c) In Custody or Contact Proceedings? -- d) Positive Application of the Best Interests of the Child -- e) Current View of the BGH -- 4.2.3.3 Problems in Practice -- a) Physical Feasibility -- b) Registration of Primary Residence -- c) Payment of Child Support -- 4.3 Exercise of Joint Parental Custody After Separation -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.1.1 Scope of Application -- 4.3.1.2 Distinction Between Matters of Everyday Life and of Significant Importance -- 4.3.2 Decision in Matters of Everyday Life of the Child -- 4.3.3 Decision Concerning Matters of Great Importance for the Child -- 4.3.3.1 Matters of Great Importance -- a) School Issues -- b) Healthcare -- aa) Vaccination -- bb) Circumcision of Male Children -- c) Religion -- d) Trip Abroad -- 4.3.3.2 Court Decision in Case of Dissent Between Parents -- 4.4 Right of Contact -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.1.1 Legal Basis ( 1626 III and 1684 BGB) -- 4.4.1.2 Legal Nature -- a) Right and Duty of Parents -- b) Right of the Child -- 4.4.1.3 Ways and Place to Exercise Right of Contact -- 4.4.2 Between Parents -- 4.4.2.1 Cooperative Behaviour Obligation in 1684 II BGB -- a) Cooperative Behaviour Obligation of the Resident Parent -- b) Cooperative Behaviour Obligation of the Non-resident Parent -- c) Claim for Compensation -- d) Expenditure out of Right of Contact -- 4.4.2.2 Right to Demand Information on Personal Circumstances of the Child -- 4.4.3 Court Orders by the Family Court -- 4.4.3.1 Arrangement of the Contact by Court ( 1684 III BGB) -- a) Criteria -- b) Appointment of a Contact Supervisor ( 1684 III 3 BGB) -- 4.4.3.2 Restriction and Exclusion of Right of Contact ( 1684 IV BGB) -- a) Principle of Proportionality -- b) Accompanied Contact -- aa) General Rules -- bb) Presence of a Third Party -- cc) Comparison with Contact Supervisor</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">4.4.3.3 No Compulsion for the Child to Have Contact with Parents -- 4.4.4 Administrative Means of Coercion and Enforcement in 89, 90 FamFG -- 4.4.4.1 Two Means of Coercion -- 4.4.4.2 Principle of Proportionality -- 4.4.4.3 Enforcement in 90 FamFG -- 4.4.5 Need for Further Reform -- 4.4.5.1 Stricter Burden of Proof -- 4.4.5.2 More Punitive Measures -- 4.4.5.3 More Effective Legal Protection -- 4.5 Transfer from Joint Parental Custody to Sole Parental Custody According to 1671 I BGB After Separation -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- 4.5.2 1671 I 2 Nr. 1 BGB -- 4.5.3 1671 I 2 Nr. 2 BGB -- 4.5.3.1 Examination of Withdrawal of Joint Parental Custody -- 4.5.3.2 Examination of Transfer of Sole Parental Custody -- 5 Parental Custody for the Child Born Out of Wedlock -- 5.1 Historical Development of the Legal Status of the 'Illegitimate' Child -- 5.1.1 Before the Entry into Force of the BGB -- 5.1.2 From 1 January 1900 to 23 May 1949 -- 5.1.3 Since the Entry into Force of the Basic Law -- 5.1.3.1 Revision of Family Law of 11 August 1961 -- 5.1.3.2 Act on Children Born Out of Wedlock of 19 August 1969 -- 5.1.3.3 Reform of Parental Custody Act of 18 July 1979 -- 5.1.3.4 Reform of Parents and Child Act of 1 July 1998 -- 5.1.3.5 Reform of Act of Parental Custody of the Unmarried Parents of 19 May 2013 -- 5.1.3.6 Act to Strengthen Rights of the Biological but not the Legal Father -- 5.1.4 Conclusion -- 5.2 Types of Parental Custody of Children Born Out of Wedlock -- 5.2.1 Sole Parental Custody of the Mother in 1626a III BGB -- 5.2.2 Sole Parental Custody of the Father Through Court Decision According to 1671 II BGB -- 5.2.3 Joint Parental Custody Through Declaration in 1626a I 1 BGB -- 5.2.3.1 Formality -- 5.2.3.2 Time of the Declaration -- 5.2.3.3 Legal Nature -- 5.2.4 Joint Parental Custody Through Marriage in 1626a I 2 BGB.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">5.2.5 Joint Parental Custody Acquired by Court Order in 1626a I 3, II BGB -- 5.2.5.1 Legal Requirements -- 5.2.5.2 Criteria to Decide on Transfer of Joint Parental Custody -- a) Negative Assessment Criterion -- b) Positive Assessment Criterion -- c) Study on Decisions of Local Courts -- d) Decision of BGH on 15 June 2016 -- 5.2.5.3 Proceedings for Transfer of Joint Parental Custody ( 155a FamFG) -- 5.2.6 Another Type? -- 5.3 Rights of the Biological but Not the Legal Father -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Right to Acknowledge Paternity and Apply for Determination of Paternity -- 5.3.3 Right to Challenge Paternity -- 5.3.3.1 Historical Development -- 5.3.3.2 Reform Need in German Law -- a) Impulse from Decisions of the ECtHR -- b) Advice on Legal Reform -- 5.3.3.3 Two Fathers? -- 5.3.4 Right of Contact and to Claim Information -- 5.3.4.1 Introduction -- 5.3.4.2 Application Precondition -- a) Serious Interest -- b) In the Best Interests of the Child -- aa) Examination Criteria -- bb) Different Criteria Between 1686a I 1 BGB and 1686a I 2 BGB -- 5.3.4.3 Procedure According to 167a I FamFG -- 5.3.4.4 Summary -- 5.4 Right of the Child to Know Genetical Paternity -- 5.5 Conclusion -- 6 Involvement of State Authorities -- 6.1 Justification of Involvement of State Authorities -- 6.1.1 Autonomy of Parents and Supervision and Assistance of State Authorities -- 6.1.2 Fundamental Rights of the Child -- 6.1.3 Roles of State Authorities -- 6.2 Family Court -- 6.2.1 Introduction -- 6.2.2 Involvement of the Court from the Perspective of Substantive Law -- 6.2.2.1 Court Decision in 1628 and 1631 BGB -- 6.2.2.2 Court Measures upon Endangerment of the Best Interests of the Child in 1666 BGB -- a) Precondition of Application -- aa) Determination of Endangerment -- bb) Non-conduct of the Parents -- b) Principle of Proportionality -- aa) Suitability</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">bb) Principle of Necessity</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Custody of children</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Elterliche Sorge</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4070784-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Ehescheidung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4013656-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Familienrecht</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4016419-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">China</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4009937-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Deutschland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4011882-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="6"><subfield code="a">Electronic books</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="655" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4113937-9</subfield><subfield code="a">Hochschulschrift</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd-content</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Deutschland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4011882-4</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">China</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4009937-4</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Familienrecht</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4016419-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Elterliche Sorge</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4070784-2</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Ehescheidung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4013656-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Druck-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="a">Wang, Shuang</subfield><subfield code="t">Parental Custody after Separation or Divorce</subfield><subfield code="d">Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften,c2020</subfield><subfield code="z">9783631838372</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-30-PQE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033702770</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | China Deutschland |
| id | DE-604.BV048323474 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T20:12:42Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:35:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783631842027 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033702770 |
| oclc_num | 1237863158 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| physical | 1 Online-Ressource (256 Seiten) |
| psigel | ZDB-30-PQE |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Wang, Shuang Verfasser aut Parental Custody after Separation or Divorce A Comparison Between German and Chinese Law Frankfurt a.M. Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften 2020 ©2020 1 Online-Ressource (256 Seiten) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Cover -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Research Background -- 1.2 Current Research Status -- 1.3 Structure of the Thesis -- 2 Historical Development of the Legal Concept 'Parental Custody' -- 2.1 Before the Implementation of the BGB -- 2.1.1 Ancient Roman Law (753 B.C.-A.D. 476) -- 2.1.2 From the Early Modern Era to the End of 19th Century -- 2.2 Milestone Reforms to the Laws on Parental Custody Since the BGB of 1900 -- 2.2.1 The BGB of 1900 -- 2.2.2 Law of the Equal Rights Between Men and Women -- 2.2.3 First Reform Law on Marriage and Family of 14 June 1976 -- 2.2.4 Reform of Parental Custody Act of 18 July 1979 -- 2.2.5 Reform of Parents and Child Act of 1 July 1998 -- 2.2.5.1 Background of the Reform -- 2.2.5.2 Main Content of the Reform -- 2.2.6 Reform of Act of Parental Custody of the Unmarried Parents of 19 May 2013 -- 2.2.6.1 Background of the Reform -- 2.2.6.2 Main Content of the Reform -- 2.3 Current Applicable Laws -- 2.3.1 Domestic Laws -- 2.3.1.1 Basic Law (GG) -- 2.3.1.2 BGB -- 2.3.1.3 FamFG -- 2.3.1.4 Book VIII of Code of Social Law -- 2.3.2 International Laws and Conventions, Regulations of EU -- 2.3.2.1 Convention on the Rights of the Child -- 2.3.2.2 Child Protection Convention of Hague Conference -- 2.3.2.3 European Convention on Human Rights -- 2.3.2.4 Brussels IIa -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 An Overview of the Legal Concept of 'Parental Custody' -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Concept of 'Parental Custody' -- 3.1.2 Legal Nature -- 3.1.2.1 Right or Duty? -- 3.1.2.2 Public or Private? -- 3.1.2.3 Summary -- 3.1.3 Types of Parental Custody -- 3.1.3.1 Care for the Person and Care for the Property -- 3.1.3.2 Joint and Sole Parental Custody -- a) Joint Parental Custody -- b) Sole Parental Custody -- 3.1.4 Comparison with Other Legal Terms -- 3.1.4.1 Parental Responsibility 3.1.4.2 Guardianship, Legal Care and Curatorship -- 3.2 Care for the Person -- 3.2.1 Content -- 3.2.2 Limitation to Parental Custody -- 3.2.2.1 Objectives of Parenting -- 3.2.2.2 Limitation to Rights of Parents -- a) Avoidance of Violence Abuse -- b) Consideration of the Growing Independence of the Child -- aa) Abortion -- bb) Religion -- c) Supervision of State Authorities -- 3.2.3 Duration, Suspension and Deprivation -- 3.2.3.1 Duration -- 3.2.3.2 Suspension -- a) Legal Hindrance -- aa) Incapacity of Contracting in 1673 BGB -- bb) Confidential Birth in 1674a BGB -- b) Actual Hindrance (de facto) in 1674 BGB -- c) Legal Consequences of Suspension -- 3.2.3.3 Deprivation -- 3.2.4 Limitation of Liability ( 1664 BGB) -- 3.3 Principle of the Best Interests of the Child -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Evolution of Evaluation Criteria -- 3.3.2.1 Era of Gender Bias -- 3.3.2.2 Priority of the Parent Without Fault -- 3.3.2.3 Doctrine of Primary Caretaker and Tender Years Preference -- 3.3.2.4 Principle of the Best Interests of the Child -- 3.3.3 In German Law -- 3.3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.3.2 Application Scope of This Principle -- 3.3.3.3 Criteria to Evaluate the Best Interests of the Child -- a) Capability of Parents -- b) Connection of the Child -- c) Will of the Child -- d) Principle of Continuity -- e) An Example of Case-Law -- aa) Legal Facts -- bb) Application of Criteria to Evaluate the Best Interests of the Child -- 3.3.3.4 Conclusion -- 4 Parental Custody for the Child Born in Wedlock -- 4.1 Joinder of Divorce Proceedings and Ancillary Proceedings -- 4.2 Determination of the Residence of the Child -- 4.2.1 Residence Model (Residenzmodell) -- 4.2.2 Nest Model (Nestmodell) -- 4.2.3 Switching Model (Wechselmodell) -- 4.2.3.1 Introduction -- a) Definition -- b) Precondition -- 4.2.3.2 Legal Issues in Dispute -- a) As a General Rule? b) Against Will of Parents? -- c) In Custody or Contact Proceedings? -- d) Positive Application of the Best Interests of the Child -- e) Current View of the BGH -- 4.2.3.3 Problems in Practice -- a) Physical Feasibility -- b) Registration of Primary Residence -- c) Payment of Child Support -- 4.3 Exercise of Joint Parental Custody After Separation -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.1.1 Scope of Application -- 4.3.1.2 Distinction Between Matters of Everyday Life and of Significant Importance -- 4.3.2 Decision in Matters of Everyday Life of the Child -- 4.3.3 Decision Concerning Matters of Great Importance for the Child -- 4.3.3.1 Matters of Great Importance -- a) School Issues -- b) Healthcare -- aa) Vaccination -- bb) Circumcision of Male Children -- c) Religion -- d) Trip Abroad -- 4.3.3.2 Court Decision in Case of Dissent Between Parents -- 4.4 Right of Contact -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.1.1 Legal Basis ( 1626 III and 1684 BGB) -- 4.4.1.2 Legal Nature -- a) Right and Duty of Parents -- b) Right of the Child -- 4.4.1.3 Ways and Place to Exercise Right of Contact -- 4.4.2 Between Parents -- 4.4.2.1 Cooperative Behaviour Obligation in 1684 II BGB -- a) Cooperative Behaviour Obligation of the Resident Parent -- b) Cooperative Behaviour Obligation of the Non-resident Parent -- c) Claim for Compensation -- d) Expenditure out of Right of Contact -- 4.4.2.2 Right to Demand Information on Personal Circumstances of the Child -- 4.4.3 Court Orders by the Family Court -- 4.4.3.1 Arrangement of the Contact by Court ( 1684 III BGB) -- a) Criteria -- b) Appointment of a Contact Supervisor ( 1684 III 3 BGB) -- 4.4.3.2 Restriction and Exclusion of Right of Contact ( 1684 IV BGB) -- a) Principle of Proportionality -- b) Accompanied Contact -- aa) General Rules -- bb) Presence of a Third Party -- cc) Comparison with Contact Supervisor 4.4.3.3 No Compulsion for the Child to Have Contact with Parents -- 4.4.4 Administrative Means of Coercion and Enforcement in 89, 90 FamFG -- 4.4.4.1 Two Means of Coercion -- 4.4.4.2 Principle of Proportionality -- 4.4.4.3 Enforcement in 90 FamFG -- 4.4.5 Need for Further Reform -- 4.4.5.1 Stricter Burden of Proof -- 4.4.5.2 More Punitive Measures -- 4.4.5.3 More Effective Legal Protection -- 4.5 Transfer from Joint Parental Custody to Sole Parental Custody According to 1671 I BGB After Separation -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- 4.5.2 1671 I 2 Nr. 1 BGB -- 4.5.3 1671 I 2 Nr. 2 BGB -- 4.5.3.1 Examination of Withdrawal of Joint Parental Custody -- 4.5.3.2 Examination of Transfer of Sole Parental Custody -- 5 Parental Custody for the Child Born Out of Wedlock -- 5.1 Historical Development of the Legal Status of the 'Illegitimate' Child -- 5.1.1 Before the Entry into Force of the BGB -- 5.1.2 From 1 January 1900 to 23 May 1949 -- 5.1.3 Since the Entry into Force of the Basic Law -- 5.1.3.1 Revision of Family Law of 11 August 1961 -- 5.1.3.2 Act on Children Born Out of Wedlock of 19 August 1969 -- 5.1.3.3 Reform of Parental Custody Act of 18 July 1979 -- 5.1.3.4 Reform of Parents and Child Act of 1 July 1998 -- 5.1.3.5 Reform of Act of Parental Custody of the Unmarried Parents of 19 May 2013 -- 5.1.3.6 Act to Strengthen Rights of the Biological but not the Legal Father -- 5.1.4 Conclusion -- 5.2 Types of Parental Custody of Children Born Out of Wedlock -- 5.2.1 Sole Parental Custody of the Mother in 1626a III BGB -- 5.2.2 Sole Parental Custody of the Father Through Court Decision According to 1671 II BGB -- 5.2.3 Joint Parental Custody Through Declaration in 1626a I 1 BGB -- 5.2.3.1 Formality -- 5.2.3.2 Time of the Declaration -- 5.2.3.3 Legal Nature -- 5.2.4 Joint Parental Custody Through Marriage in 1626a I 2 BGB. 5.2.5 Joint Parental Custody Acquired by Court Order in 1626a I 3, II BGB -- 5.2.5.1 Legal Requirements -- 5.2.5.2 Criteria to Decide on Transfer of Joint Parental Custody -- a) Negative Assessment Criterion -- b) Positive Assessment Criterion -- c) Study on Decisions of Local Courts -- d) Decision of BGH on 15 June 2016 -- 5.2.5.3 Proceedings for Transfer of Joint Parental Custody ( 155a FamFG) -- 5.2.6 Another Type? -- 5.3 Rights of the Biological but Not the Legal Father -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Right to Acknowledge Paternity and Apply for Determination of Paternity -- 5.3.3 Right to Challenge Paternity -- 5.3.3.1 Historical Development -- 5.3.3.2 Reform Need in German Law -- a) Impulse from Decisions of the ECtHR -- b) Advice on Legal Reform -- 5.3.3.3 Two Fathers? -- 5.3.4 Right of Contact and to Claim Information -- 5.3.4.1 Introduction -- 5.3.4.2 Application Precondition -- a) Serious Interest -- b) In the Best Interests of the Child -- aa) Examination Criteria -- bb) Different Criteria Between 1686a I 1 BGB and 1686a I 2 BGB -- 5.3.4.3 Procedure According to 167a I FamFG -- 5.3.4.4 Summary -- 5.4 Right of the Child to Know Genetical Paternity -- 5.5 Conclusion -- 6 Involvement of State Authorities -- 6.1 Justification of Involvement of State Authorities -- 6.1.1 Autonomy of Parents and Supervision and Assistance of State Authorities -- 6.1.2 Fundamental Rights of the Child -- 6.1.3 Roles of State Authorities -- 6.2 Family Court -- 6.2.1 Introduction -- 6.2.2 Involvement of the Court from the Perspective of Substantive Law -- 6.2.2.1 Court Decision in 1628 and 1631 BGB -- 6.2.2.2 Court Measures upon Endangerment of the Best Interests of the Child in 1666 BGB -- a) Precondition of Application -- aa) Determination of Endangerment -- bb) Non-conduct of the Parents -- b) Principle of Proportionality -- aa) Suitability bb) Principle of Necessity Custody of children Elterliche Sorge (DE-588)4070784-2 gnd rswk-swf Ehescheidung (DE-588)4013656-5 gnd rswk-swf Familienrecht (DE-588)4016419-6 gnd rswk-swf China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd rswk-swf Electronic books (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 g China (DE-588)4009937-4 g Familienrecht (DE-588)4016419-6 s Elterliche Sorge (DE-588)4070784-2 s Ehescheidung (DE-588)4013656-5 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Wang, Shuang Parental Custody after Separation or Divorce Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften,c2020 9783631838372 |
| spellingShingle | Wang, Shuang Parental Custody after Separation or Divorce A Comparison Between German and Chinese Law Cover -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Research Background -- 1.2 Current Research Status -- 1.3 Structure of the Thesis -- 2 Historical Development of the Legal Concept 'Parental Custody' -- 2.1 Before the Implementation of the BGB -- 2.1.1 Ancient Roman Law (753 B.C.-A.D. 476) -- 2.1.2 From the Early Modern Era to the End of 19th Century -- 2.2 Milestone Reforms to the Laws on Parental Custody Since the BGB of 1900 -- 2.2.1 The BGB of 1900 -- 2.2.2 Law of the Equal Rights Between Men and Women -- 2.2.3 First Reform Law on Marriage and Family of 14 June 1976 -- 2.2.4 Reform of Parental Custody Act of 18 July 1979 -- 2.2.5 Reform of Parents and Child Act of 1 July 1998 -- 2.2.5.1 Background of the Reform -- 2.2.5.2 Main Content of the Reform -- 2.2.6 Reform of Act of Parental Custody of the Unmarried Parents of 19 May 2013 -- 2.2.6.1 Background of the Reform -- 2.2.6.2 Main Content of the Reform -- 2.3 Current Applicable Laws -- 2.3.1 Domestic Laws -- 2.3.1.1 Basic Law (GG) -- 2.3.1.2 BGB -- 2.3.1.3 FamFG -- 2.3.1.4 Book VIII of Code of Social Law -- 2.3.2 International Laws and Conventions, Regulations of EU -- 2.3.2.1 Convention on the Rights of the Child -- 2.3.2.2 Child Protection Convention of Hague Conference -- 2.3.2.3 European Convention on Human Rights -- 2.3.2.4 Brussels IIa -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 An Overview of the Legal Concept of 'Parental Custody' -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Concept of 'Parental Custody' -- 3.1.2 Legal Nature -- 3.1.2.1 Right or Duty? -- 3.1.2.2 Public or Private? -- 3.1.2.3 Summary -- 3.1.3 Types of Parental Custody -- 3.1.3.1 Care for the Person and Care for the Property -- 3.1.3.2 Joint and Sole Parental Custody -- a) Joint Parental Custody -- b) Sole Parental Custody -- 3.1.4 Comparison with Other Legal Terms -- 3.1.4.1 Parental Responsibility 3.1.4.2 Guardianship, Legal Care and Curatorship -- 3.2 Care for the Person -- 3.2.1 Content -- 3.2.2 Limitation to Parental Custody -- 3.2.2.1 Objectives of Parenting -- 3.2.2.2 Limitation to Rights of Parents -- a) Avoidance of Violence Abuse -- b) Consideration of the Growing Independence of the Child -- aa) Abortion -- bb) Religion -- c) Supervision of State Authorities -- 3.2.3 Duration, Suspension and Deprivation -- 3.2.3.1 Duration -- 3.2.3.2 Suspension -- a) Legal Hindrance -- aa) Incapacity of Contracting in 1673 BGB -- bb) Confidential Birth in 1674a BGB -- b) Actual Hindrance (de facto) in 1674 BGB -- c) Legal Consequences of Suspension -- 3.2.3.3 Deprivation -- 3.2.4 Limitation of Liability ( 1664 BGB) -- 3.3 Principle of the Best Interests of the Child -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Evolution of Evaluation Criteria -- 3.3.2.1 Era of Gender Bias -- 3.3.2.2 Priority of the Parent Without Fault -- 3.3.2.3 Doctrine of Primary Caretaker and Tender Years Preference -- 3.3.2.4 Principle of the Best Interests of the Child -- 3.3.3 In German Law -- 3.3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.3.2 Application Scope of This Principle -- 3.3.3.3 Criteria to Evaluate the Best Interests of the Child -- a) Capability of Parents -- b) Connection of the Child -- c) Will of the Child -- d) Principle of Continuity -- e) An Example of Case-Law -- aa) Legal Facts -- bb) Application of Criteria to Evaluate the Best Interests of the Child -- 3.3.3.4 Conclusion -- 4 Parental Custody for the Child Born in Wedlock -- 4.1 Joinder of Divorce Proceedings and Ancillary Proceedings -- 4.2 Determination of the Residence of the Child -- 4.2.1 Residence Model (Residenzmodell) -- 4.2.2 Nest Model (Nestmodell) -- 4.2.3 Switching Model (Wechselmodell) -- 4.2.3.1 Introduction -- a) Definition -- b) Precondition -- 4.2.3.2 Legal Issues in Dispute -- a) As a General Rule? b) Against Will of Parents? -- c) In Custody or Contact Proceedings? -- d) Positive Application of the Best Interests of the Child -- e) Current View of the BGH -- 4.2.3.3 Problems in Practice -- a) Physical Feasibility -- b) Registration of Primary Residence -- c) Payment of Child Support -- 4.3 Exercise of Joint Parental Custody After Separation -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.1.1 Scope of Application -- 4.3.1.2 Distinction Between Matters of Everyday Life and of Significant Importance -- 4.3.2 Decision in Matters of Everyday Life of the Child -- 4.3.3 Decision Concerning Matters of Great Importance for the Child -- 4.3.3.1 Matters of Great Importance -- a) School Issues -- b) Healthcare -- aa) Vaccination -- bb) Circumcision of Male Children -- c) Religion -- d) Trip Abroad -- 4.3.3.2 Court Decision in Case of Dissent Between Parents -- 4.4 Right of Contact -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.1.1 Legal Basis ( 1626 III and 1684 BGB) -- 4.4.1.2 Legal Nature -- a) Right and Duty of Parents -- b) Right of the Child -- 4.4.1.3 Ways and Place to Exercise Right of Contact -- 4.4.2 Between Parents -- 4.4.2.1 Cooperative Behaviour Obligation in 1684 II BGB -- a) Cooperative Behaviour Obligation of the Resident Parent -- b) Cooperative Behaviour Obligation of the Non-resident Parent -- c) Claim for Compensation -- d) Expenditure out of Right of Contact -- 4.4.2.2 Right to Demand Information on Personal Circumstances of the Child -- 4.4.3 Court Orders by the Family Court -- 4.4.3.1 Arrangement of the Contact by Court ( 1684 III BGB) -- a) Criteria -- b) Appointment of a Contact Supervisor ( 1684 III 3 BGB) -- 4.4.3.2 Restriction and Exclusion of Right of Contact ( 1684 IV BGB) -- a) Principle of Proportionality -- b) Accompanied Contact -- aa) General Rules -- bb) Presence of a Third Party -- cc) Comparison with Contact Supervisor 4.4.3.3 No Compulsion for the Child to Have Contact with Parents -- 4.4.4 Administrative Means of Coercion and Enforcement in 89, 90 FamFG -- 4.4.4.1 Two Means of Coercion -- 4.4.4.2 Principle of Proportionality -- 4.4.4.3 Enforcement in 90 FamFG -- 4.4.5 Need for Further Reform -- 4.4.5.1 Stricter Burden of Proof -- 4.4.5.2 More Punitive Measures -- 4.4.5.3 More Effective Legal Protection -- 4.5 Transfer from Joint Parental Custody to Sole Parental Custody According to 1671 I BGB After Separation -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- 4.5.2 1671 I 2 Nr. 1 BGB -- 4.5.3 1671 I 2 Nr. 2 BGB -- 4.5.3.1 Examination of Withdrawal of Joint Parental Custody -- 4.5.3.2 Examination of Transfer of Sole Parental Custody -- 5 Parental Custody for the Child Born Out of Wedlock -- 5.1 Historical Development of the Legal Status of the 'Illegitimate' Child -- 5.1.1 Before the Entry into Force of the BGB -- 5.1.2 From 1 January 1900 to 23 May 1949 -- 5.1.3 Since the Entry into Force of the Basic Law -- 5.1.3.1 Revision of Family Law of 11 August 1961 -- 5.1.3.2 Act on Children Born Out of Wedlock of 19 August 1969 -- 5.1.3.3 Reform of Parental Custody Act of 18 July 1979 -- 5.1.3.4 Reform of Parents and Child Act of 1 July 1998 -- 5.1.3.5 Reform of Act of Parental Custody of the Unmarried Parents of 19 May 2013 -- 5.1.3.6 Act to Strengthen Rights of the Biological but not the Legal Father -- 5.1.4 Conclusion -- 5.2 Types of Parental Custody of Children Born Out of Wedlock -- 5.2.1 Sole Parental Custody of the Mother in 1626a III BGB -- 5.2.2 Sole Parental Custody of the Father Through Court Decision According to 1671 II BGB -- 5.2.3 Joint Parental Custody Through Declaration in 1626a I 1 BGB -- 5.2.3.1 Formality -- 5.2.3.2 Time of the Declaration -- 5.2.3.3 Legal Nature -- 5.2.4 Joint Parental Custody Through Marriage in 1626a I 2 BGB. 5.2.5 Joint Parental Custody Acquired by Court Order in 1626a I 3, II BGB -- 5.2.5.1 Legal Requirements -- 5.2.5.2 Criteria to Decide on Transfer of Joint Parental Custody -- a) Negative Assessment Criterion -- b) Positive Assessment Criterion -- c) Study on Decisions of Local Courts -- d) Decision of BGH on 15 June 2016 -- 5.2.5.3 Proceedings for Transfer of Joint Parental Custody ( 155a FamFG) -- 5.2.6 Another Type? -- 5.3 Rights of the Biological but Not the Legal Father -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Right to Acknowledge Paternity and Apply for Determination of Paternity -- 5.3.3 Right to Challenge Paternity -- 5.3.3.1 Historical Development -- 5.3.3.2 Reform Need in German Law -- a) Impulse from Decisions of the ECtHR -- b) Advice on Legal Reform -- 5.3.3.3 Two Fathers? -- 5.3.4 Right of Contact and to Claim Information -- 5.3.4.1 Introduction -- 5.3.4.2 Application Precondition -- a) Serious Interest -- b) In the Best Interests of the Child -- aa) Examination Criteria -- bb) Different Criteria Between 1686a I 1 BGB and 1686a I 2 BGB -- 5.3.4.3 Procedure According to 167a I FamFG -- 5.3.4.4 Summary -- 5.4 Right of the Child to Know Genetical Paternity -- 5.5 Conclusion -- 6 Involvement of State Authorities -- 6.1 Justification of Involvement of State Authorities -- 6.1.1 Autonomy of Parents and Supervision and Assistance of State Authorities -- 6.1.2 Fundamental Rights of the Child -- 6.1.3 Roles of State Authorities -- 6.2 Family Court -- 6.2.1 Introduction -- 6.2.2 Involvement of the Court from the Perspective of Substantive Law -- 6.2.2.1 Court Decision in 1628 and 1631 BGB -- 6.2.2.2 Court Measures upon Endangerment of the Best Interests of the Child in 1666 BGB -- a) Precondition of Application -- aa) Determination of Endangerment -- bb) Non-conduct of the Parents -- b) Principle of Proportionality -- aa) Suitability bb) Principle of Necessity Custody of children Elterliche Sorge (DE-588)4070784-2 gnd Ehescheidung (DE-588)4013656-5 gnd Familienrecht (DE-588)4016419-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4070784-2 (DE-588)4013656-5 (DE-588)4016419-6 (DE-588)4009937-4 (DE-588)4011882-4 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Parental Custody after Separation or Divorce A Comparison Between German and Chinese Law |
| title_auth | Parental Custody after Separation or Divorce A Comparison Between German and Chinese Law |
| title_exact_search | Parental Custody after Separation or Divorce A Comparison Between German and Chinese Law |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Parental Custody after Separation or Divorce A Comparison Between German and Chinese Law |
| title_full | Parental Custody after Separation or Divorce A Comparison Between German and Chinese Law |
| title_fullStr | Parental Custody after Separation or Divorce A Comparison Between German and Chinese Law |
| title_full_unstemmed | Parental Custody after Separation or Divorce A Comparison Between German and Chinese Law |
| title_short | Parental Custody after Separation or Divorce |
| title_sort | parental custody after separation or divorce a comparison between german and chinese law |
| title_sub | A Comparison Between German and Chinese Law |
| topic | Custody of children Elterliche Sorge (DE-588)4070784-2 gnd Ehescheidung (DE-588)4013656-5 gnd Familienrecht (DE-588)4016419-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Custody of children Elterliche Sorge Ehescheidung Familienrecht China Deutschland Hochschulschrift |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wangshuang parentalcustodyafterseparationordivorceacomparisonbetweengermanandchineselaw |