William Herschel Discoverer of the Deep Sky: the epochal work of the greatest visual observer and his talented sister Caroline
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[2021]
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| Physical Description: | 568 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 30 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783755734345 3755734346 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a William Herschel Discoverer of the Deep Sky |b the epochal work of the greatest visual observer and his talented sister Caroline |c Wolfgang Steinicke |
| 250 | |a 1. Auflage | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Norderstedt |b BoD – Books on Demand |c [2021] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c ©2021 | |
| 300 | |a 568 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme |c 30 cm | ||
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| 500 | |a Literaturverzeichnis Seite 555-566 | ||
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| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Herschel, Caroline Lucretia |d 1750-1848 |0 (DE-588)119506610 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1773-1850 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Astronomie |0 (DE-588)4003311-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 653 | |a William Herschel | ||
| 653 | |a Visual Deep Sky Observation | ||
| 653 | |a History of Astronomy | ||
| 653 | |a Nebulae and Clusters | ||
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| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1773-1850 |A z |
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| _version_ | 1804184128495550464 |
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| adam_text | CONTENT
PREFACE
...............................................................................................................................................
1
INTRODUCTION
..................................................................................................................................
2
1.
EARLY OBSERVATIONS
............................................................................................................
5
1.1.
THE
FIRST
NIGHTS:
ORION
NEBULA
AND
TWO
DOUBLE
STARS
...........................................................
6
1.2. BASIC
SOURCES,
FIRST
TELESCOPES
AND OBSERVING RECORDS
.........................................................
8
1.2.1. HERSCHEL S
LIBRARY
....................................................................................................................
8
1.2.2.
HERSCHEL S
EARLY
DOCUMENT
SERIES
.........................................................................................
14
1.2.3. THE
MYSTERIOUS
FIRST STAR
REVIEW
AND
LARGER
REFLECTORS
.......................................................
16
1.3.
THE
SECOND
STAR REVIEW:
THE
7-FOOT
REFLECTOR AT WORK
.........................................................
20
1.3.1.
THE
NUMBER
OF
DOUBLE
STARS GROWS
.......................................................................................
20
1.3.2.
THE
COINCIDENTAL
BUT
INEVITABLE
DISCOVERY
OF
URANUS
...........................................................
23
1.4. THE
THIRD
STAR
REVIEW:
A
FLOOD
OF
NEW
DOUBLE
STARS
.............................................................
28
1.4.1. THE ATLAS COELESTIS
AND
FLAMSTEED
NUMBERS
.........................................................................
28
1.4.2. MAYER S
DOUBLE
STAR CATALOGUE
AND
THE
MOVE
TO
DATCHET
......................................................
32
1.5.
HERSCHEL S
TWO
CATALOGUES OF
DOUBLE
STARS
...........................................................................
36
1.5.1. THE
FIRST
CATALOGUE
.................................................................................................................
36
1.5.2. THE
SECOND
CATALOGUE
............................................................................................................
39
1.6.
RED
AND
VARIABLE STARS
............................................................................................................
43
1.6.1. HERSCHEL S
GARNET
STARS
........................................................................................................
43
1.6.2. OBSERVING
PERIODICAL
STARS
...................................................................................................
47
1.7. MESSIER
OBJECTS
........................................................................................................................
48
1.8. WILLIAM S
NEW NEBULAE AND
STAR
CLUSTERS
.............................................................................
61
1.9.
CAROLINE S
OBSERVATIONS
OF NEBULAE
AND STAR
CLUSTERS
........................................................
68
2. THE GREAT SWEEP
CAMPAIGN
...........................................................................................
85
2.1. STARTING
THE
SWEEPS
IN
1783
..................................................................................................
87
2.1.1. A
NEW
TELESCOPE
.....................................................................................................................
87
2.1.2.
THE
FIRST
41
SWEEPS
...............................................................................................................
90
2.1.3.
A
NEW
SWEEPING METHOD AND
CAROLINE S
PARTICIPATION
.........................................................
96
2.1.4.
BOOK-KEEPING:
SWEEP RECORDS
...............................................................................................
99
2.1.5.
SIDEREAL
TIME
AND
CAROLINE S
FIRST
ZONE
CATALOGUE
OF
FLAMSTEED
STARS
................................
110
2.1.6.
THE
FIRST DEEP-SKY
CATALOGUE AND A
PRELIMINARY
CLASSIFICATION
...........................................
113
2.1.7.
SUMMARY
OF
THE
1783
SWEEPS
.............................................................................................
119
Y,;
B1IOTHEK
DEUTSCHES
N MUSEUM
_Y
..
2.2.
THE
RECORD YEAR
1784
...........................................................................................................
120
2.2.1.
OBSERVING
ON
A CHAIR AND
THE
M 49
DRAMA
..........................................................................
120
2.2.2. FIRST
QUARTER
-A
SEASON
FOR
GALAXIES,
SKETCHES
AND NEW
DEVICES
........................................
130
2.2.3. THE
PAPER
ON
THE
CONSTRUCTION
OF
THE
HEAVENS
..................................................................
145
2.2.4. SECOND
QUARTER
-
HUNTING
THE
STRATUM
OF
COMA
BERENICES
...............................................
148
2.2.5.
THIRD
QUARTER
-
BARTHELEMY
FAUJAS
DE
SAINT-FONT
VISITING
DATCHET
....................................
157
2.2.6. FOURTH
QUARTER
-
AN EXPEDITION
TO
THE
EAST AND PROBLEMS
WITH
M
20
AND
M8...................
164
2.2.7. SUMMARY
OF
1784
................................................................................................................
186
2.3.1785
-
ANOTHER
BUSY
YEAR
....................................................................................................
187
2.3.1. A
NEW EQUINOX
AND
HERSCHEL S
SECOND PAPER
ON
THE
CONSTRUCTION
OF
THE
HEAVENS
............
187
2.3.2. A
COMPETENT
VISITOR
AT
DATCHET: JEAN
HYACINTHE
DE
MAGELLAN
.............................................
190
2.3.3. AN
EXPEDITION
TO THE
NORTH,
THE
MONSTER
SWEEP
396
AND
THE
COMA
CLUSTER
.......................
195
2.3.4.
MORE
GALAXY
CLUSTERS, UNCATALOGUED
OBJECTS
AND
THE
MOVE
TO
CLAY HALL
.............................
202
2.3.5.
MESSIER
OBJECTS
AND A
DEMONSTRATION
SWEEP
....................................................................
219
2.3.6.
SUMMARY
FOR
1785
..............................................................................................................
222
2.4.
HERSCHEL S
FIRST
CATALOGUE
OF NEBULAE AND
STAR CLUSTERS
...................................................
223
2.4.1. THE
ARDUOUS WAY
TO
ITS
PUBLICATION
.....................................................................................
223
2.4.2. STRUCTURE,
CONTENT AND
DATA
QUALITY
....................................................................................
233
2.5.
OBSERVATIONS
IN 1786
-
THE
MOVE
TO
SLOUGH
AND
CAROLINE S
FIRST
COMET
........................
236
2.5.1. THE
FIRST
QUARTER OF
1786:
UNCATALOGUED
OBJECTS AND
STARS
.................................................
236
2.5.2. MOVE
TO
SLOUGH
AND
CAROLINE S
SECOND ZONE
CATALOGUE
OF
FLAMSTEED
STARS
........................
241
2.5.3. WILLIAM S
ABSENCE
AND
CAROLINE S
SUCCESS
-
THE
1ST
COMET
..................................................
245
2.5.4. THE
20-FT
AS A
FRONT-VIEW
REFLECTOR
......................................................................................
249
2.5.5. SUMMARY
OF
1786
................................................................................................................
259
2.6.
OBSERVATIONS
IN 1787
-
SATELLITES
AND
FIRST LIGHT
OF A GIANT
..............................................
260
2.6.1. TWO
MOONS OF
URANUS
.........................................................................................................
260
2.6.2. ENCELADUS
AND
FIRST LIGHT
FOR
THE
40-FEET
REFLECTOR
...............................................................
262
2.6.3. FURTHER
OBSERVATIONS
OF NEBULAE
AND CLUSTERS,
REACHING
THE
ZENITH
...................................
268
2.6.4. SUMMARY
OF
1787
................................................................................................................
280
2.7.
OBSERVATIONS
IN
1788-89
.....................................................................................................
281
2.7.1. SWEEPS,
FAMILY
AFFAIRS
AND
CAROLINE S
2ND
COMET
.................................................................
281
2.7.2. SWEEPING
WITH
THE
20-
AND
THE
40-FT
...................................................................................
290
2.7.3.
HERSCHEL S
SECOND
CATALOGUE
OF NEBULAE AND
STAR CLUSTERS
..................................................
296
2.7.4. SUMMARY
OF
1788-89
..........................................................................................................
299
2.8.
OBSERVATIONS
IN
1790-91
.....................................................................................................
299
2.8.1. CAROLINE S
3RD
AND
4TH
COMET,
WILLIAM S
STAR
WITH AN ATMOSPHERE
.....................................
299
2.8.2.
HERSCHEL S
NEBULOUS
STARS AND PLANETARY
NEBULAE
............................................................
305
2.8.3. CAROLINE S
LARGE
SWEEPER AND
THE
5TH
COMET
......................................................................
307
2.8.4.
SUMMARY
OF
1790-91
..........................................................................................................
315
2.9. OBSERVATIONS
IN 1792-94,
BEFORE
SWEEPING
WAS
HALTED
FOR
THREE
YEARS
........................
316
2.9.1. MORE
SWEEPS,
A
40-FT
DISCOVERY
AND
CAROLINE S
6TH
COMET
...................................................
316
2.9.2.
SUMMARY
OF
1792-94
..........................................................................................................
326
3. FINAL
SWEEPS AND
THE LATER
YEARS
.........................................................................
327
3.1. STELLAR
MAGNITUDES,
THE
7TH
COMET
AND
CAROLINE S
FIRST
PUBLICATION
................................
328
3.2. RESTART
OF SWEEPING
..............................................................................................................
332
3.2.1.
THE 25-FT
REFLECTOR
AND
CAROLINE S
8TH
COMET
.......................................................................
332
3.2.2.
A
REVOLUTIONARY
REFLECTOR,
THE
X-FOOT
.................................................................................
338
3.2.3.
SUMMARY
OF
1795-99
..........................................................................................................
341
3.3. A
NEW
CENTURY
........................................................................................................................
341
3.3.1.
THE
POWER
OF PENETRATING
INTO
SPACE
..................................................................................
341
3.3.2.
THE
MYSTERIOUS
NORTHERN
SWEEP
1096
................................................................................
344
3.3.3.
THE
CURIOUS CASE OF
M 81/82
AND
THE
FIRST
ASTEROIDS
..........................................................
351
3.3.4.
THE
LAST
SWEEPS
...................................................................................................................
355
3.3.5.
SUMMARY
OF
1800-02
..........................................................................................................
359
3.4. THE
FINAL
CATALOGUE
OF NEBULAE AND STAR CLUSTERS
..............................................................
360
3.4.1.
THREE
MISSING
OBJECTS
.........................................................................................................
360
3.4.2. DATES
OF
THE THREE
CATALOGUES
AND
THE
EIGHT ADDITIONAL
NON-STELLAR OBJECTS
.......................
362
3.5.
THE
POST-SWEEPING
ERA:
1803-1822
...................................................................................
364
3.5.1.
A
REVIVAL
OF
MESSIER
OBJECTS
AND
HERSCHEL S
NEW
FAVOURITE,
THE X-FOOT .............................
364
3.5.2.
THE
LAST DECADE:
WILLIAM S
DEATH
AND
CAROLINE S
RETURN
TO
HANOVER
..................................
373
4. THE
STELLAR SYSTEM
AND THE NATURE
OF NEBULAE AND
STAR
CLUSTERS.. 381
4.1.
STAR
GAGES
AND
THE
STRUCTURE OF
THE
MILKY WAY
................................................................
382
4.1.1.
THE
FIRST
PAPER
ON
THE
CONSTRUCTION
OF
THE
HEAVENS
(1784)
.............................................
382
4.1.2.
THE
SECOND PAPER
ON
THE
CONSTRUCTION
OF
THE
HEAVENS
(1785)
........................................
385
4.1.3.
FURTHER
GAGES
AND
THE
PAPER OF
1802
..................................................................................
394
4.1.4.
THE
DEATH
OF
HERSCHEL S
SECTION
..........................................................................................
397
4.1.5.
VACANT
PLACES
AND
THE
FAMOUS
HOLE
IN
SCORPIUS
...............................................................
400
4.1.6.
JOHN
HERSCHEL S
STAR
COUNTS
AND
THE
FATE
OF
HIS
FATHER S
STRATUM
........................................
409
4.2.
HERSCHEL S
INTERPRETATION
OF
THE
OBSERVATIONAL
DATA
........................................................
411
4.2.1.
THE
PAPER OF
1811:
SKETCHES AND
52
REGIONS OF
EXTENSIVE
DIFFUSED
NEBULOSITY
.................
411
4.2.2.
THE
PAPER
OF
1814:
NEBULOUS STARS,
STAR CLUSTERS AND MORE SKETCHES
................................
417
4.2.3.
THE
PAPERS OF
1817
AND
1818
-A
MATTER
OFPROFUNDITY.....................................................
420
5. MODERN ANALYSIS
OF HERSCHEL S
DATA
...................................................................
425
5.1. SWEEP
METHOD AND
ITS
YIELD
.................................................................................................
426
5.1.1.
RELEVANT
DOCUMENTS,
DIGITIZATION
AND
IMPORTANT
QUESTIONS
...............................................
426
5.1.2.
SKY
COVERAGE AND
HERSCHEL S
SUCCESS
RATE
..........................................................................
427
5.2. THE
CONTENT OF
HERSCHEL S
DEEP-SKY
CATALOGUES
AND SWEEP
STATISTICS
............................
436
5.2.1.
REFERENCE
STARS
AND
CAROLINE S
LIST
OF ALL
OBSERVED
STARS
....................................................
436
5.2.2.
CATALOGUED,
UNCATALOGUED AND
MISSED
OBJECTS
...................................................................
439
5.2.3.
BRIGHTNESS,
SIZE,
MULTIPLE
OBJECTS
AND
CONSTELLATIONS
.........................................................
446
5.2.4.
OBSERVING
SITES, VIEWING
MODES, MOONLIGHT
AND
WEATHER
..................................................
452
5.3.
MESSIER
OBJECTS,
TELESCOPES
AND
THE
SOLAR
SYSTEM
............................................................
456
6. REVISIONS
OF HERSCHEL S CATALOGUES
.....................................................................
465
6.1.
CAROLINE S ZONE CATALOGUE
-
MOST
FAMOUS
BUT
WIDELY UNKNOWN
.....................................
466
6.2.
JOHN HERSCHEL S SLOUGH/CAPE
OBSERVATIONS
AND
THE
WORK
OF
LORD ROSSE
......................
472
6.3. AUWERS
REVISION,
D ARREST S
OBSERVATIONS AND POSITION ACCURACY
..................................
478
6.4. DREYER S SCIENTIFIC PAPERS,
FURTHER
OBSERVATIONS
AND A MODERN REVISION
......................
484
EPILOGUE
........................................................................................................................................
488
APPENDIX
........................................................................................................................................
491
VISITORS
................................................................................................................................................
491
HERSCHEL S
JOURNEYS
...........................................................................................................................
494
TIMELINE
..............................................................................................................................................
495
INDEX
................................................................................................................................................
503
PERSONS
................................................................................................................................................
503
OBJECTS
.................................................................................................................................................
509
NEBULAE
AND STAR
CLUSTERS: NAMES
....................................................................................................
509
NEBULAE
AND STAR CLUSTERS:
CATALOGUES
..............................................................................................
510
STARS:
DOUBLE
.....................................................................................................................................
532
STARS:
NAME
.......................................................................................................................................
533
STARS:
CONSTELLATION
...........................................................................................................................
534
STARS:
CATALOGUES
...............................................................................................................................
538
SOLAR SYSTEM
.....................................................................................................................................
539
SUBJECTS
...............................................................................................................................................
540
GENERAL
.............................................................................................................................................
540
TELESCOPES
........................................................................................................................................
548
INSTITUTIONS
AND
SITES
........................................................................................................................
550
SOURCES,
CATALOGUES
..........................................................................................................................
552
ABBREVIATIONS
.....................................................................................................................................
554
REFERENCES
...................................................................................................................................
555
LITERATURE
............................................................................................................................................
555
INTERNET
SOURCES
.................................................................................................................................
566
ABOUT
THE AUTHOR
...................................................................................................................
568
Content PREFACE....................................................................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................................... 2 1. 1.1. EARLY OBSERVATIONS............................................................................................................................ 5 The first nights: Orion Nebula and two double stars............................................................. 6 1.2. Basic sources, first telescopes and observing records........................................................... 8 1.2.1. Herschel s library........................................................................................................................ 8 1.2.2. Herschel’s early document series............................................................................................ 14 1.2.3. The mysterious first ‘star review and larger reflectors......................................................... 16 1.3. The second star review: the7-foot reflector at work............................................................ 20 1.3.1. The number of double stars grows........................................................................................... 20 1.3.2. The coincidental but inevitable discovery of Uranus.............................................................. 23 1.4. The third star review: a flood of new double
stars................................................................ 28 1.4.1. The Atlas Coelestis and Flamsteed numbers.............................................................................28 1.4.2. Mayer s double star catalogue and the move toDatchet.......................................................... 32 1.5. Herschel’s two catalogues of double stars...............................................................................36 1.5.1. The first catalogue...................................................................................................................... 36 1.5.2. The second catalogue................................................................................................................. 39 1.6. Red and variable stars.................................................................................................................43 1.6.1. Herschel’s ‘garnet stars’.............................................................................................................43 1.6.2. Observing ‘periodical stars’....................................................................................................... 47 1.7. Messier objects............................................................................................................................. 48 1.8. William’s new nebulae and star clusters.................................................................................61 1.9. Caroline’s observations of nebulae and star clusters........................................................... 68 2. THE GREAT SWEEP
CAMPAIGN........................................................................................................ 85 2.1. Starting the sweeps in 1783...................................................................................................... 87 2.1.1. A new telescope.......................................................................................................................... 87 2.1.2. The first 41 sweeps.................................................................................................................... 90 2.1.3. A new sweeping method and Caroline’s participation............................................................96 2.1.4. Book-keeping: sweep records................................................................................................... 99 2.1.5. Sidereal time and Caroline’s first zone catalogue of Flamsteed stars.................................. 110 2.1.6. The first deep-sky catalogue and a preliminary classification............................................. 113 2.1.7. Summary of the 1783 sweeps................................................................................................. 119
2.2. The record year 1784.............................................................................................................. 12θ 2.2.1. Observing on a chair and the M 49 drama...................................................................... ^θ 2.2.2. First quarter ֊ a season for galaxies, sketches and new devices...................................... Uq 2.2.3. The paper on the construction of the heavens’................................................................... 145 2.2.4. Second quarter - hunting the ‘stratum of Coma Berenices’................................................ 14g 2.2.5. Third quarter - Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Font visiting Datchet.......................................157 2.2.6. Fourth quarter - an expedition to the east and problems with Μ20 and Μ 8...................... 164 2.2.7. Summary of 1784........................................................................................................................ լջ^ 2.3. 1785 - another busy year.......................................................................................................... I87 2.3.1. A new equinox and Herschel’s second paper on the construction of the heavens’.......... 187 2.3.2. A competent visitor at Datchet: Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan............................................... 190 2.3.3. An expedition to the north, the monster sweep 396 and the Coma Cluster........................ 195 2.3.4. More galaxy clusters, uncatalogued objects and the move to Clay Hall.............................. 202 2.3.5. Messier objects and a ‘demonstration
sweep ........................................................................ 219 2.3.6. Summary for 1785 ....................................................................................................................222 2.4. Herschel’s first catalogue of nebulae and star clusters..................................................... 223 2.4.1. The arduous way to its publication......................................................................................... 223 2.4.2. Structure, content and data quality........................................................................................ 233 2.5. Observations in 1786 - the move to Slough and Caroline’s first Comet........................ 236 2.5.1. The first quarter of 1786: uncatalogued objects and stars....................................................236 2.5.2. Move to Slough and Caroline’s second zone catalogue of Flamsteed stars......................... 241 2.5.3. William’s absence and Caroline’s success - the 1st comet.................................................... 245 2.5.4. The 20-ft as a front-view reflector.......................................................................................... 249 2.5.5. Summary of 1786...................................................................................................................... 259 2.6. Observations in 1787 - satellites and first light of a giant................................................ 260 2.6.1. Two moons of Uranus..............................................................................................................
260 2.6.2. Enceladus and first light for the 40-feet reflector.................................................................. 262 2.6.3. Further observations of nebulae and clusters, reaching the zenith..................................... 268 2.6.4. Summary of 1787.....................................................................................................................280 2.7. Observations in 1788-89......................................................................................................... 281 2.7.1. Sweeps, family affairs and Caroline s 2nd comet.................................................................... 281 2.7.2. Sweeping with the 20- and the 40-ft..................................................................................... 290 2.7.3. Herschel s second catalogue of nebulae and star clusters................................................... 296 2.7.4. Summary of 1788-89............................................................................................................. 299 2.8. Observations in 1790-91......................................................................................................... 299 2.8.1. Caroline’s 3rd and 4th comet, William’s ‘star with an atmosphere’...................................... 299 2.8.2. Herschel’s nebulous stars’ and planetary nebulae.............................................................. 305 2.8.3. Caroline s ‘large sweeper’ and the 5th comet......................................................................... 307 2.8.4. Summary of
1790-91.............................................................................................................. 315 2.9. Observations in 1792-94, before sweeping was halted for three years......................... 316 2.9.1. More sweeps, a 40-ft discovery and Caroline’s 6th comet..................................................... 316 2.9.2. Summary of 1792-94.............................................................................................................. 326
3. 3.1. FINAL SWEEPS AND THE LATER YEARS.................................................................................... 327 Stellar magnitudes, the 7th comet andCaroline’s first publication................................... 328 3.2. Restart of sweeping................................................................................................................... 332 3.2.1. The 25-ft reflector and Caroline s 8th comet.......................................................................... 332 3.2.2. A revolutionary reflector, the X-fooť..................................................................................... 338 3.2.3. Summary of 1795-99............................................................................................................... 341 3.3. A new century............................................................................................................................ 341 3.3.1. The power of penetrating into space...................................................................................... 341 3.3.2. The mysterious northern sweep 1096.................................................................................... 344 3.3.3. The curious case of Μ 81/82 and the first asteroids............................................................. 351 3.3.4. The last sweeps........................................................................................................................ 355 3.3.5. Summary of
1800-02............................................................................................................... 359 3.4. The final catalogue of nebulae and star clusters................................................................ 360 3.4.1. Three missing objects.............................................................................................................. 360 3.4.2. Dates of the three catalogues and the eight additional non-stellar objects......................... 362 3.5. The post-sweeping era: 1803-1822....................................................................................... 364 3.5.1. A revival of Messier objects and Herschel s new favourite, the X-fooť............................... 364 3.5.2. The last decade: William’s death and Caroline s return to Hanover.................................... 373 4. THE STELLAR SYSTEM AND THE NATURE OF NEBULAE AND STAR CLUSTERS.. 381 4.1. ‘Star gages’ and the structure of the Milky Way.................................................................. 382 4.1.1. The first paper on the Construction of the Heavens’ (1784).............................................. 382 4.1.2. The second paper on the Construction of the Heavens (1785)......................................... 385 4.1.3. Further gages and the paper of 1802..................................................................................... 394 4.1.4. The death of Herschel s section............................................................................................. 397 4.1.5. Vacant places’ and the famous ‘hole in
Scorpius’................................................................. 400 4.1.6. John Herschel s star counts and the fate of his father’s stratum......................................... 409 4.2. Herschel’s interpretation of the observational data.......................................................... 411 4.2.1. The paper of 1811: sketches and 52 regions of‘extensive diffused nebulosity ................. 411 4.2.2. The paper of 1814: nebulous stars, star clusters and more sketches.................................. 417 4.2.3. The papers of 1817 and 1818 - a matter of‘profundity’...................................................... 420 5. MODERN ANALYSIS OF HERSCHELS DATA............................................................................425 5.1. Sweep method and its yield..................................................................................................... 426 5.1.1. Relevant documents, digitization and important questions................................................. 426 5.1.2. Sky coverage and Herschel’s success rate............................................................................. 427 5.2. The content of Herschel s deep-sky catalogues and sweep statistics..............................436 5.2.1. Reference stars and Caroline s list of all observed stars...................................................... 436 5.2.2. Catalogued, uncatalogued and missed objects...................................................................... 439 5.2.3. Brightness, size, multiple objects and
constellations............................................................ 446 5.2.4. Observing sites, viewing modes, moonlight and weather.................................................... 452 5.3. Messier objects, telescopes and the Solar System............................................................... 456
6. REVISIONS OF HERSCHEL’S CATALOGUES...................................... 465 6.1. Caroline’s Zone Catalogue - most famous but widely unknown....................................... 466 6.2. John Herschel’s Slough/Саре observations and the work of Lord Rosse....................... 472 6.3. Auwers’ revision, d’Arrest’s observations and position accuracy....................................478 6.4. Dreyer s Scientific Papers, further observations and a modern revision....................... 484 EPILOGUE............................................................................................................................................................. 488 APPENDIX............................................................................................................... Visitors....................................................................................................................................................... 491 Herschel’s journeys................................................................................................................................. 494 Timeline..................................................................................................................................................... 495 INDEX........................................................................................................... Persons....................................................................................................................................................... 503
Objects........................................................................................................................................................ 509 Nebulae and star clusters: names......................................................................................................... 509 Nebulae and star clusters: catalogues................................................................................................... 510 Stars: double............................................................................................................................................ 532 Stars: name.............................................................................................................................................. 533 Stars: constellation................................................................................................................................. 534 Stars: catalogues..................................................................................................................................... 538 Solar System........................................................................................................................................... 539 Subjects...................................................................................................................................................... 540 General....................................................................................................................................................540
Telescopes.............................................................................................................................................. 548 Institutions and sites............................................................................................................................. 550 Sources, catalogues............................................................................................................................... 552 Abbreviations........................................................................................................................................... 554 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................................555 Literature................................................................................................................................................. 555 Internet sources...................................................................................................................................... 566 ABOUT THE AUTHOR.................................................................................................................................... 568
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| adam_txt |
CONTENT
PREFACE
.
1
INTRODUCTION
.
2
1.
EARLY OBSERVATIONS
.
5
1.1.
THE
FIRST
NIGHTS:
ORION
NEBULA
AND
TWO
DOUBLE
STARS
.
6
1.2. BASIC
SOURCES,
FIRST
TELESCOPES
AND OBSERVING RECORDS
.
8
1.2.1. HERSCHEL'S
LIBRARY
.
8
1.2.2.
HERSCHEL'S
EARLY
DOCUMENT
SERIES
.
14
1.2.3. THE
MYSTERIOUS
FIRST'STAR
REVIEW'
AND
LARGER
REFLECTORS
.
16
1.3.
THE
SECOND
STAR REVIEW:
THE
7-FOOT
REFLECTOR AT WORK
.
20
1.3.1.
THE
NUMBER
OF
DOUBLE
STARS GROWS
.
20
1.3.2.
THE
COINCIDENTAL
BUT
INEVITABLE
DISCOVERY
OF
URANUS
.
23
1.4. THE
THIRD
STAR
REVIEW:
A
FLOOD
OF
NEW
DOUBLE
STARS
.
28
1.4.1. THE ATLAS COELESTIS
AND
FLAMSTEED
NUMBERS
.
28
1.4.2. MAYER'S
DOUBLE
STAR CATALOGUE
AND
THE
MOVE
TO
DATCHET
.
32
1.5.
HERSCHEL'S
TWO
CATALOGUES OF
DOUBLE
STARS
.
36
1.5.1. THE
FIRST
CATALOGUE
.
36
1.5.2. THE
SECOND
CATALOGUE
.
39
1.6.
RED
AND
VARIABLE STARS
.
43
1.6.1. HERSCHEL'S
'GARNET
STARS'
.
43
1.6.2. OBSERVING
'PERIODICAL
STARS'
.
47
1.7. MESSIER
OBJECTS
.
48
1.8. WILLIAM'S
NEW NEBULAE AND
STAR
CLUSTERS
.
61
1.9.
CAROLINE'S
OBSERVATIONS
OF NEBULAE
AND STAR
CLUSTERS
.
68
2. THE GREAT SWEEP
CAMPAIGN
.
85
2.1. STARTING
THE
SWEEPS
IN
1783
.
87
2.1.1. A
NEW
TELESCOPE
.
87
2.1.2.
THE
FIRST
41
SWEEPS
.
90
2.1.3.
A
NEW
SWEEPING METHOD AND
CAROLINE'S
PARTICIPATION
.
96
2.1.4.
BOOK-KEEPING:
SWEEP RECORDS
.
99
2.1.5.
SIDEREAL
TIME
AND
CAROLINE'S
FIRST
ZONE
CATALOGUE
OF
FLAMSTEED
STARS
.
110
2.1.6.
THE
FIRST DEEP-SKY
CATALOGUE AND A
PRELIMINARY
CLASSIFICATION
.
113
2.1.7.
SUMMARY
OF
THE
1783
SWEEPS
.
119
Y,;
B1IOTHEK
DEUTSCHES
N'MUSEUM
_Y
.
2.2.
THE
RECORD YEAR
1784
.
120
2.2.1.
OBSERVING
ON
A CHAIR AND
THE
M 49
DRAMA
.
120
2.2.2. FIRST
QUARTER
-A
SEASON
FOR
GALAXIES,
SKETCHES
AND NEW
DEVICES
.
130
2.2.3. THE
PAPER
ON
THE
'CONSTRUCTION
OF
THE
HEAVENS'
.
145
2.2.4. SECOND
QUARTER
-
HUNTING
THE
'STRATUM
OF
COMA
BERENICES'
.
148
2.2.5.
THIRD
QUARTER
-
BARTHELEMY
FAUJAS
DE
SAINT-FONT
VISITING
DATCHET
.
157
2.2.6. FOURTH
QUARTER
-
AN EXPEDITION
TO
THE
EAST AND PROBLEMS
WITH
M
20
AND
M8.
164
2.2.7. SUMMARY
OF
1784
.
186
2.3.1785
-
ANOTHER
BUSY
YEAR
.
187
2.3.1. A
NEW EQUINOX
AND
HERSCHEL'S
SECOND PAPER
ON
THE
'CONSTRUCTION
OF
THE
HEAVENS
.
187
2.3.2. A
COMPETENT
VISITOR
AT
DATCHET: JEAN
HYACINTHE
DE
MAGELLAN
.
190
2.3.3. AN
EXPEDITION
TO THE
NORTH,
THE
MONSTER
SWEEP
396
AND
THE
COMA
CLUSTER
.
195
2.3.4.
MORE
GALAXY
CLUSTERS, UNCATALOGUED
OBJECTS
AND
THE
MOVE
TO
CLAY HALL
.
202
2.3.5.
MESSIER
OBJECTS
AND A
'DEMONSTRATION
SWEEP'
.
219
2.3.6.
SUMMARY
FOR
1785
.
222
2.4.
HERSCHEL'S
FIRST
CATALOGUE
OF NEBULAE AND
STAR CLUSTERS
.
223
2.4.1. THE
ARDUOUS WAY
TO
ITS
PUBLICATION
.
223
2.4.2. STRUCTURE,
CONTENT AND
DATA
QUALITY
.
233
2.5.
OBSERVATIONS
IN 1786
-
THE
MOVE
TO
SLOUGH
AND
CAROLINE'S
FIRST
COMET
.
236
2.5.1. THE
FIRST
QUARTER OF
1786:
UNCATALOGUED
OBJECTS AND
STARS
.
236
2.5.2. MOVE
TO
SLOUGH
AND
CAROLINE'S
SECOND ZONE
CATALOGUE
OF
FLAMSTEED
STARS
.
241
2.5.3. WILLIAM'S
ABSENCE
AND
CAROLINE'S
SUCCESS
-
THE
1ST
COMET
.
245
2.5.4. THE
20-FT
AS A
FRONT-VIEW
REFLECTOR
.
249
2.5.5. SUMMARY
OF
1786
.
259
2.6.
OBSERVATIONS
IN 1787
-
SATELLITES
AND
FIRST LIGHT
OF A GIANT
.
260
2.6.1. TWO
MOONS OF
URANUS
.
260
2.6.2. ENCELADUS
AND
FIRST LIGHT
FOR
THE
40-FEET
REFLECTOR
.
262
2.6.3. FURTHER
OBSERVATIONS
OF NEBULAE
AND CLUSTERS,
REACHING
THE
ZENITH
.
268
2.6.4. SUMMARY
OF
1787
.
280
2.7.
OBSERVATIONS
IN
1788-89
.
281
2.7.1. SWEEPS,
FAMILY
AFFAIRS
AND
CAROLINE'S
2ND
COMET
.
281
2.7.2. SWEEPING
WITH
THE
20-
AND
THE
40-FT
.
290
2.7.3.
HERSCHEL'S
SECOND
CATALOGUE
OF NEBULAE AND
STAR CLUSTERS
.
296
2.7.4. SUMMARY
OF
1788-89
.
299
2.8.
OBSERVATIONS
IN
1790-91
.
299
2.8.1. CAROLINE'S
3RD
AND
4TH
COMET,
WILLIAM'S
'STAR
WITH AN ATMOSPHERE'
.
299
2.8.2.
HERSCHEL'S
'NEBULOUS
STARS' AND PLANETARY
NEBULAE
.
305
2.8.3. CAROLINE'S
'LARGE
SWEEPER' AND
THE
5TH
COMET
.
307
2.8.4.
SUMMARY
OF
1790-91
.
315
2.9. OBSERVATIONS
IN 1792-94,
BEFORE
SWEEPING
WAS
HALTED
FOR
THREE
YEARS
.
316
2.9.1. MORE
SWEEPS,
A
40-FT
DISCOVERY
AND
CAROLINE'S
6TH
COMET
.
316
2.9.2.
SUMMARY
OF
1792-94
.
326
3. FINAL
SWEEPS AND
THE LATER
YEARS
.
327
3.1. STELLAR
MAGNITUDES,
THE
7TH
COMET
AND
CAROLINE'S
FIRST
PUBLICATION
.
328
3.2. RESTART
OF SWEEPING
.
332
3.2.1.
THE 25-FT
REFLECTOR
AND
CAROLINE'S
8TH
COMET
.
332
3.2.2.
A
REVOLUTIONARY
REFLECTOR,
THE
'X-FOOT'
.
338
3.2.3.
SUMMARY
OF
1795-99
.
341
3.3. A
NEW
CENTURY
.
341
3.3.1.
THE
POWER
OF PENETRATING
INTO
SPACE
.
341
3.3.2.
THE
MYSTERIOUS
NORTHERN
SWEEP
1096
.
344
3.3.3.
THE
CURIOUS CASE OF
M 81/82
AND
THE
FIRST
ASTEROIDS
.
351
3.3.4.
THE
LAST
SWEEPS
.
355
3.3.5.
SUMMARY
OF
1800-02
.
359
3.4. THE
FINAL
CATALOGUE
OF NEBULAE AND STAR CLUSTERS
.
360
3.4.1.
THREE
MISSING
OBJECTS
.
360
3.4.2. DATES
OF
THE THREE
CATALOGUES
AND
THE
EIGHT ADDITIONAL
NON-STELLAR OBJECTS
.
362
3.5.
THE
POST-SWEEPING
ERA:
1803-1822
.
364
3.5.1.
A
REVIVAL
OF
MESSIER
OBJECTS
AND
HERSCHEL'S
NEW
FAVOURITE,
THE'X-FOOT'.
364
3.5.2.
THE
LAST DECADE:
WILLIAM'S
DEATH
AND
CAROLINE'S
RETURN
TO
HANOVER
.
373
4. THE
STELLAR SYSTEM
AND THE NATURE
OF NEBULAE AND
STAR
CLUSTERS. 381
4.1.
'STAR
GAGES'
AND
THE
STRUCTURE OF
THE
MILKY WAY
.
382
4.1.1.
THE
FIRST
PAPER
ON
THE
'CONSTRUCTION
OF
THE
HEAVENS'
(1784)
.
382
4.1.2.
THE
SECOND PAPER
ON
THE
'CONSTRUCTION
OF
THE
HEAVENS'
(1785)
.
385
4.1.3.
FURTHER
GAGES
AND
THE
PAPER OF
1802
.
394
4.1.4.
THE
DEATH
OF
HERSCHEL'S
SECTION
.
397
4.1.5.
'VACANT
PLACES'
AND
THE
FAMOUS
'HOLE
IN
SCORPIUS'
.
400
4.1.6.
JOHN
HERSCHEL'S
STAR
COUNTS
AND
THE
FATE
OF
HIS
FATHER'S
STRATUM
.
409
4.2.
HERSCHEL'S
INTERPRETATION
OF
THE
OBSERVATIONAL
DATA
.
411
4.2.1.
THE
PAPER OF
1811:
SKETCHES AND
52
REGIONS OF
'EXTENSIVE
DIFFUSED
NEBULOSITY
.
411
4.2.2.
THE
PAPER
OF
1814:
NEBULOUS STARS,
STAR CLUSTERS AND MORE SKETCHES
.
417
4.2.3.
THE
PAPERS OF
1817
AND
1818
-A
MATTER
OFPROFUNDITY.
420
5. MODERN ANALYSIS
OF HERSCHEL'S
DATA
.
425
5.1. SWEEP
METHOD AND
ITS
YIELD
.
426
5.1.1.
RELEVANT
DOCUMENTS,
DIGITIZATION
AND
IMPORTANT
QUESTIONS
.
426
5.1.2.
SKY
COVERAGE AND
HERSCHEL'S
SUCCESS
RATE
.
427
5.2. THE
CONTENT OF
HERSCHEL'S
DEEP-SKY
CATALOGUES
AND SWEEP
STATISTICS
.
436
5.2.1.
REFERENCE
STARS
AND
CAROLINE'S
LIST
OF ALL
OBSERVED
STARS
.
436
5.2.2.
CATALOGUED,
UNCATALOGUED AND
MISSED
OBJECTS
.
439
5.2.3.
BRIGHTNESS,
SIZE,
MULTIPLE
OBJECTS
AND
CONSTELLATIONS
.
446
5.2.4.
OBSERVING
SITES, VIEWING
MODES, MOONLIGHT
AND
WEATHER
.
452
5.3.
MESSIER
OBJECTS,
TELESCOPES
AND
THE
SOLAR
SYSTEM
.
456
6. REVISIONS
OF HERSCHEL'S CATALOGUES
.
465
6.1.
CAROLINE'S ZONE CATALOGUE
-
MOST
FAMOUS
BUT
WIDELY UNKNOWN
.
466
6.2.
JOHN HERSCHEL'S SLOUGH/CAPE
OBSERVATIONS
AND
THE
WORK
OF
LORD ROSSE
.
472
6.3. AUWERS'
REVISION,
D'ARREST'S
OBSERVATIONS AND POSITION ACCURACY
.
478
6.4. DREYER'S SCIENTIFIC PAPERS,
FURTHER
OBSERVATIONS
AND A MODERN REVISION
.
484
EPILOGUE
.
488
APPENDIX
.
491
VISITORS
.
491
HERSCHEL'S
JOURNEYS
.
494
TIMELINE
.
495
INDEX
.
503
PERSONS
.
503
OBJECTS
.
509
NEBULAE
AND STAR
CLUSTERS: NAMES
.
509
NEBULAE
AND STAR CLUSTERS:
CATALOGUES
.
510
STARS:
DOUBLE
.
532
STARS:
NAME
.
533
STARS:
CONSTELLATION
.
534
STARS:
CATALOGUES
.
538
SOLAR SYSTEM
.
539
SUBJECTS
.
540
GENERAL
.
540
TELESCOPES
.
548
INSTITUTIONS
AND
SITES
.
550
SOURCES,
CATALOGUES
.
552
ABBREVIATIONS
.
554
REFERENCES
.
555
LITERATURE
.
555
INTERNET
SOURCES
.
566
ABOUT
THE AUTHOR
.
568
Content PREFACE.1 INTRODUCTION. 2 1. 1.1. EARLY OBSERVATIONS. 5 The first nights: Orion Nebula and two double stars. 6 1.2. Basic sources, first telescopes and observing records. 8 1.2.1. Herschel's library. 8 1.2.2. Herschel’s early document series. 14 1.2.3. The mysterious first ‘star review' and larger reflectors. 16 1.3. The second star review: the7-foot reflector at work. 20 1.3.1. The number of double stars grows. 20 1.3.2. The coincidental but inevitable discovery of Uranus. 23 1.4. The third star review: a flood of new double
stars. 28 1.4.1. The Atlas Coelestis and Flamsteed numbers.28 1.4.2. Mayer's double star catalogue and the move toDatchet. 32 1.5. Herschel’s two catalogues of double stars.36 1.5.1. The first catalogue. 36 1.5.2. The second catalogue. 39 1.6. Red and variable stars.43 1.6.1. Herschel’s ‘garnet stars’.43 1.6.2. Observing ‘periodical stars’. 47 1.7. Messier objects. 48 1.8. William’s new nebulae and star clusters.61 1.9. Caroline’s observations of nebulae and star clusters. 68 2. THE GREAT SWEEP
CAMPAIGN. 85 2.1. Starting the sweeps in 1783. 87 2.1.1. A new telescope. 87 2.1.2. The first 41 sweeps. 90 2.1.3. A new sweeping method and Caroline’s participation.96 2.1.4. Book-keeping: sweep records. 99 2.1.5. Sidereal time and Caroline’s first zone catalogue of Flamsteed stars. 110 2.1.6. The first deep-sky catalogue and a preliminary classification. 113 2.1.7. Summary of the 1783 sweeps. 119
2.2. The record year 1784. 12θ 2.2.1. Observing on a chair and the M 49 drama. ^θ 2.2.2. First quarter ֊ a season for galaxies, sketches and new devices. Uq 2.2.3. The paper on the'construction of the heavens’. 145 2.2.4. Second quarter - hunting the ‘stratum of Coma Berenices’. 14g 2.2.5. Third quarter - Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Font visiting Datchet.157 2.2.6. Fourth quarter - an expedition to the east and problems with Μ20 and Μ 8. 164 2.2.7. Summary of 1784. լջ^ 2.3. 1785 - another busy year. I87 2.3.1. A new equinox and Herschel’s second paper on the 'construction of the heavens’. 187 2.3.2. A competent visitor at Datchet: Jean Hyacinthe de Magellan. 190 2.3.3. An expedition to the north, the monster sweep 396 and the Coma Cluster. 195 2.3.4. More galaxy clusters, uncatalogued objects and the move to Clay Hall. 202 2.3.5. Messier objects and a ‘demonstration
sweep'. 219 2.3.6. Summary for 1785 .222 2.4. Herschel’s first catalogue of nebulae and star clusters. 223 2.4.1. The arduous way to its publication. 223 2.4.2. Structure, content and data quality. 233 2.5. Observations in 1786 - the move to Slough and Caroline’s first Comet. 236 2.5.1. The first quarter of 1786: uncatalogued objects and stars.236 2.5.2. Move to Slough and Caroline’s second zone catalogue of Flamsteed stars. 241 2.5.3. William’s absence and Caroline’s success - the 1st comet. 245 2.5.4. The 20-ft as a front-view reflector. 249 2.5.5. Summary of 1786. 259 2.6. Observations in 1787 - satellites and first light of a giant. 260 2.6.1. Two moons of Uranus.
260 2.6.2. Enceladus and first light for the 40-feet reflector. 262 2.6.3. Further observations of nebulae and clusters, reaching the zenith. 268 2.6.4. Summary of 1787.280 2.7. Observations in 1788-89. 281 2.7.1. Sweeps, family affairs and Caroline's 2nd comet. 281 2.7.2. Sweeping with the 20- and the 40-ft. 290 2.7.3. Herschel's second catalogue of nebulae and star clusters. 296 2.7.4. Summary of 1788-89. 299 2.8. Observations in 1790-91. 299 2.8.1. Caroline’s 3rd and 4th comet, William’s ‘star with an atmosphere’. 299 2.8.2. Herschel’s 'nebulous stars’ and planetary nebulae. 305 2.8.3. Caroline's ‘large sweeper’ and the 5th comet. 307 2.8.4. Summary of
1790-91. 315 2.9. Observations in 1792-94, before sweeping was halted for three years. 316 2.9.1. More sweeps, a 40-ft discovery and Caroline’s 6th comet. 316 2.9.2. Summary of 1792-94. 326
3. 3.1. FINAL SWEEPS AND THE LATER YEARS. 327 Stellar magnitudes, the 7th comet andCaroline’s first publication. 328 3.2. Restart of sweeping. 332 3.2.1. The 25-ft reflector and Caroline's 8th comet. 332 3.2.2. A revolutionary reflector, the 'X-fooť. 338 3.2.3. Summary of 1795-99. 341 3.3. A new century. 341 3.3.1. The power of penetrating into space. 341 3.3.2. The mysterious northern sweep 1096. 344 3.3.3. The curious case of Μ 81/82 and the first asteroids. 351 3.3.4. The last sweeps. 355 3.3.5. Summary of
1800-02. 359 3.4. The final catalogue of nebulae and star clusters. 360 3.4.1. Three missing objects. 360 3.4.2. Dates of the three catalogues and the eight additional non-stellar objects. 362 3.5. The post-sweeping era: 1803-1822. 364 3.5.1. A revival of Messier objects and Herschel's new favourite, the 'X-fooť. 364 3.5.2. The last decade: William’s death and Caroline's return to Hanover. 373 4. THE STELLAR SYSTEM AND THE NATURE OF NEBULAE AND STAR CLUSTERS. 381 4.1. ‘Star gages’ and the structure of the Milky Way. 382 4.1.1. The first paper on the 'Construction of the Heavens’ (1784). 382 4.1.2. The second paper on the 'Construction of the Heavens' (1785). 385 4.1.3. Further gages and the paper of 1802. 394 4.1.4. The death of Herschel's section. 397 4.1.5. 'Vacant places’ and the famous ‘hole in
Scorpius’. 400 4.1.6. John Herschel's star counts and the fate of his father’s stratum. 409 4.2. Herschel’s interpretation of the observational data. 411 4.2.1. The paper of 1811: sketches and 52 regions of‘extensive diffused nebulosity'. 411 4.2.2. The paper of 1814: nebulous stars, star clusters and more sketches. 417 4.2.3. The papers of 1817 and 1818 - a matter of‘profundity’. 420 5. MODERN ANALYSIS OF HERSCHELS DATA.425 5.1. Sweep method and its yield. 426 5.1.1. Relevant documents, digitization and important questions. 426 5.1.2. Sky coverage and Herschel’s success rate. 427 5.2. The content of Herschel's deep-sky catalogues and sweep statistics.436 5.2.1. Reference stars and Caroline's list of all observed stars. 436 5.2.2. Catalogued, uncatalogued and missed objects. 439 5.2.3. Brightness, size, multiple objects and
constellations. 446 5.2.4. Observing sites, viewing modes, moonlight and weather. 452 5.3. Messier objects, telescopes and the Solar System. 456
6. REVISIONS OF HERSCHEL’S CATALOGUES. 465 6.1. Caroline’s Zone Catalogue - most famous but widely unknown. 466 6.2. John Herschel’s Slough/Саре observations and the work of Lord Rosse. 472 6.3. Auwers’ revision, d’Arrest’s observations and position accuracy.478 6.4. Dreyer's Scientific Papers, further observations and a modern revision. 484 EPILOGUE. 488 APPENDIX. Visitors. 491 Herschel’s journeys. 494 Timeline. 495 INDEX. Persons. 503
Objects. 509 Nebulae and star clusters: names. 509 Nebulae and star clusters: catalogues. 510 Stars: double. 532 Stars: name. 533 Stars: constellation. 534 Stars: catalogues. 538 Solar System. 539 Subjects. 540 General.540
Telescopes. 548 Institutions and sites. 550 Sources, catalogues. 552 Abbreviations. 554 REFERENCES .555 Literature. 555 Internet sources. 566 ABOUT THE AUTHOR. 568 |
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| author | Steinicke, Wolfgang 1952- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1025287169 |
| author_facet | Steinicke, Wolfgang 1952- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Steinicke, Wolfgang 1952- |
| author_variant | w s ws |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048293323 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1339082519 (DE-599)DNB1245949063 |
| edition | 1. Auflage |
| era | Geschichte 1773-1850 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1773-1850 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV048293323 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T20:04:24Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:34:25Z |
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| isbn | 9783755734345 3755734346 |
| language | English |
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| owner | DE-210 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-210 DE-12 |
| physical | 568 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 30 cm |
| psigel | DHB_DM BSB_NED_20220803 DHB_BSB_FID |
| publishDate | 2021 |
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| spelling | Steinicke, Wolfgang 1952- Verfasser (DE-588)1025287169 aut William Herschel Discoverer of the Deep Sky the epochal work of the greatest visual observer and his talented sister Caroline Wolfgang Steinicke 1. Auflage Norderstedt BoD – Books on Demand [2021] ©2021 568 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 30 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverzeichnis Seite 555-566 Herschel, William 1738-1822 (DE-588)118841920 gnd rswk-swf Herschel, Caroline Lucretia 1750-1848 (DE-588)119506610 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1773-1850 gnd rswk-swf Astronomische Beobachtung (DE-588)4202460-2 gnd rswk-swf Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd rswk-swf William Herschel Visual Deep Sky Observation History of Astronomy Nebulae and Clusters Herschel, William 1738-1822 (DE-588)118841920 p Herschel, Caroline Lucretia 1750-1848 (DE-588)119506610 p Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 s Astronomische Beobachtung (DE-588)4202460-2 s Geschichte 1773-1850 z DE-604 Books on Demand GmbH (Norderstedt) (DE-588)10068934-6 pbl X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=30c1d7e14db44b57ad2402f26a212b5f&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext Digitalisierung Deutsches Museum application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033673263&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033673263&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p vlb 20211117 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#vlb |
| spellingShingle | Steinicke, Wolfgang 1952- William Herschel Discoverer of the Deep Sky the epochal work of the greatest visual observer and his talented sister Caroline Herschel, William 1738-1822 (DE-588)118841920 gnd Herschel, Caroline Lucretia 1750-1848 (DE-588)119506610 gnd Astronomische Beobachtung (DE-588)4202460-2 gnd Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118841920 (DE-588)119506610 (DE-588)4202460-2 (DE-588)4003311-9 |
| title | William Herschel Discoverer of the Deep Sky the epochal work of the greatest visual observer and his talented sister Caroline |
| title_auth | William Herschel Discoverer of the Deep Sky the epochal work of the greatest visual observer and his talented sister Caroline |
| title_exact_search | William Herschel Discoverer of the Deep Sky the epochal work of the greatest visual observer and his talented sister Caroline |
| title_exact_search_txtP | William Herschel Discoverer of the Deep Sky the epochal work of the greatest visual observer and his talented sister Caroline |
| title_full | William Herschel Discoverer of the Deep Sky the epochal work of the greatest visual observer and his talented sister Caroline Wolfgang Steinicke |
| title_fullStr | William Herschel Discoverer of the Deep Sky the epochal work of the greatest visual observer and his talented sister Caroline Wolfgang Steinicke |
| title_full_unstemmed | William Herschel Discoverer of the Deep Sky the epochal work of the greatest visual observer and his talented sister Caroline Wolfgang Steinicke |
| title_short | William Herschel Discoverer of the Deep Sky |
| title_sort | william herschel discoverer of the deep sky the epochal work of the greatest visual observer and his talented sister caroline |
| title_sub | the epochal work of the greatest visual observer and his talented sister Caroline |
| topic | Herschel, William 1738-1822 (DE-588)118841920 gnd Herschel, Caroline Lucretia 1750-1848 (DE-588)119506610 gnd Astronomische Beobachtung (DE-588)4202460-2 gnd Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Herschel, William 1738-1822 Herschel, Caroline Lucretia 1750-1848 Astronomische Beobachtung Astronomie |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=30c1d7e14db44b57ad2402f26a212b5f&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033673263&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033673263&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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