Contamination control in the natural gas industry:
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge, MA, United States ; Kidlington, Oxford, United Kingdom
Gulf Professional Publishing, an imprint of Elsevier
[2022]
|
| Online Access: | TUM01 |
| Item Description: | Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources |
| Physical Description: | 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 396 Seiten) Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9780128169872 |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Wines, Thomas H. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Contamination control in the natural gas industry |c Thomas H. Wines, Saeid Mokhatab |
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge, MA, United States ; Kidlington, Oxford, United Kingdom |b Gulf Professional Publishing, an imprint of Elsevier |c [2022] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c © 2022 | |
| 300 | |a 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 396 Seiten) |b Illustrationen, Diagramme | ||
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| 505 | 8 | |a Front Cover -- Contamination Control in the Natural Gas Industry -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- About the authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Disclaimer -- 1 Fundamentals of filtration science -- Chapter Outline -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Overview -- 1.2.1 Major types of separation equipment used to treat gas streams -- 1.2.2 Major types of separation equipment used to treat liquid streams -- 1.3 Darcy's law -- 1.4 Capture mechanisms -- 1.4.1 Direct interception (sieving) -- 1.4.2 Inertial impaction -- 1.4.3 Diffusive capture -- 1.5 Filter life -- 1.5.1 Filter type -- 1.5.2 Void volume -- 1.5.3 Flux -- 1.6 Differences between solid-liquid and solid-gas separation -- References -- 2 Fundamentals of separation science -- Chapter Outline -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Liquid/gas systems -- 2.2.1 Surface tension -- 2.2.1.1 Effects of pressure and temperature on surface tension -- 2.2.1.2 Effects of contaminants on surface tension -- 2.2.1.3 Surface tension and separations -- 2.2.2 Two-phase flow in pipes -- 2.2.3 Aerosol formation mechanisms -- 2.2.4 Predicting droplet size and settling velocity -- 2.3 Liquid/liquid systems -- 2.3.1 Interfacial tension -- 2.3.2 Emulsion formation mechanisms -- 2.3.2.1 Steric repulsion -- 2.3.2.2 Electrostatic charge repulsion -- 2.3.2.3 Film stabilization -- 2.3.3 Predicting droplet size and settling velocity -- References -- Further reading -- 3 Industrial contaminants -- Chapter Outline -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Origins and types -- 3.2.1 Feed contaminants -- 3.2.2 Generated contaminants -- 3.2.3 Contaminants added intentionally -- 3.3 Characterizing contaminants -- 3.3.1 Sampling and collection methods -- 3.3.1.1 Field testing -- 3.3.1.1.1 Solids from gas -- 3.3.1.1.2 Solids from liquids -- 3.3.1.1.3 Liquids from gas -- 3.3.1.1.4 Liquids from liquids | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 3.3.1.1.5 Special considerations for volatile liquids -- 3.3.2 Lab analysis methods -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Industrial filtration technologies -- Chapter Outline -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Gravity separators -- 4.3 Basket strainers -- 4.4 Filter press -- 4.5 Cyclonic separators and cyclo-filters -- 4.5.1 Cyclone separator -- 4.5.2 Cyclo-filter -- 4.6 Disposable cartridge filters -- 4.6.1 String wound filters -- 4.6.2 Melt blown depth -- 4.6.3 Other depth filters -- 4.6.4 Pleated filters -- 4.6.5 Combination depth-pleated filters -- 4.6.6 Liquid bag filters -- 4.7 Regenerable filters -- 4.7.1 Media beds -- 4.7.2 Blowback -- 4.7.3 Backwash -- 4.7.4 Micro-filtration and ultra-filtration -- 4.7.5 Reverse osmosis and nano-filtration -- 4.8 Other filtration technologies -- 4.9 Filtration summary -- References -- Further reading -- 5 Industrial separation technologies -- Chapter Outline -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Liquid/liquid separation -- 5.2.1 Decanters -- 5.2.1.1 Additional guidelines include -- 5.2.2 Plate separators -- 5.2.3 Mesh pads -- 5.2.4 Cyclonic separators -- 5.2.5 Electrostatic coalescers -- 5.2.6 Flotation methods -- 5.2.7 Media beds -- 5.2.8 Liquid-liquid fiber bed coalescer cartridges -- 5.2.8.1 Capture -- 5.2.8.2 Coalescing -- 5.2.8.3 Release -- 5.2.8.4 Separation -- 5.2.8.5 Issues at low interfacial tension -- 5.2.9 Crossflow membranes -- 5.2.10 Combinations -- 5.2.11 Comparison of liquid-liquid separation technologies -- 5.3 Liquid-gas separations -- 5.3.1 Gas/liquid two-phase separator -- 5.3.1.1 Vessel designs -- 5.3.1.2 Finger-type slug catcher -- 5.3.2 Mesh pad -- 5.3.3 Vane pack -- 5.3.4 Cyclonic separators -- 5.3.5 Liquid-gas coalescer cartridges -- 5.3.5.1 Horizontal filter separator -- 5.3.5.2 High efficiency vertical liquid/gas coalescers -- 5.3.5.2.1 Chemical surface treatment | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 5.3.5.2.2 Modeling the liquid/gas coalescer -- 5.3.6 Supersonic liquid-gas separation -- 5.3.7 Comparison of liquid-gas separation technologies -- 5.4 Three-phase separations -- 5.4.1 Design improvements -- 5.4.2 Computational fluid dynamics analysis -- References -- 6 Role of chemical additives -- Chapter Outline -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Surfactants -- 6.2.1 Bancroft's rule -- 6.2.2 Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance ratio -- 6.2.3 Winsor R ratio -- 6.2.4 Cosurfactants -- 6.2.5 Amphiphilic polymers -- 6.3 Typical chemical additives -- 6.4 Process applications -- 6.4.1 Upstream production -- 6.4.2 Processing -- 6.4.3 Transmission -- 6.5 Effect on filtration/separation -- References -- Further reading -- 7 Effect of contamination on processes in the natural gas industry -- Chapter Outline -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Natural gas supply chain -- 7.3 Gas production at well head -- 7.3.1 Retrograde condensation -- 7.3.2 Gas compression -- 7.3.3 Special considerations for separation equipment -- 7.3.4 North Sea case study -- 7.3.5 Produced water treatment -- 7.3.6 Origin Energy case study -- 7.4 Gas processing plant -- 7.4.1 Hydrocarbon condensate stabilization -- 7.4.1.1 Crew energy case study -- 7.4.1.2 Australian offshore platform case study -- 7.4.2 Acid gas treating -- 7.4.2.1 Chemical solvents -- 7.4.2.2 Physical solvents -- 7.4.2.3 Mixed physical-chemical -- 7.4.2.4 Oxidative solvents -- 7.4.3 Amine system operations -- 7.4.3.1 Solid beds -- 7.4.3.2 Membranes -- 7.4.4 Gas dehydration -- 7.4.4.1 Glycol absorption -- 7.4.4.2 Contaminant issues -- 7.4.4.3 Recommended practices -- 7.4.4.4 Solid bed adsorption -- 7.4.5 Contamination issues -- 7.4.5.1 Recommended practices -- 7.4.5.2 Gas chilling (condensation) -- 7.4.6 Mercury removal units -- 7.4.7 Natural gas liquids recovery, fractionation and treatment -- 7.4.7.1 Natural gas liquid recovery processes | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 7.4.7.2 Natural gas liquid fractionation -- 7.4.7.3 Natural gas liquid treatment -- 7.4.7.3.1 Caustic treating of mixed butanes case study -- 7.4.7.3.2 LPG amine treating case study -- 7.4.8 Water removal -- 7.5 Pipeline -- 7.5.1 Metering/booster stations -- 7.5.2 Pigging -- 7.5.2.1 Case study: DEPA, Greece -- 7.5.2.2 Case study: Middle East -- 7.6 Underground storage -- 7.7 Liquefied natural gas production -- 7.7.1 Amine solution clean-up, LNG Production Plant, Middle East case study -- 7.7.2 Cold box protection, NGL recovery plant, Africa case study -- References -- Further reading -- 8 Diagnostics and troubleshooting methods -- Chapter Outline -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Strategic approach -- 8.2.1 Simulation tools -- 8.3 Field methods -- 8.4 Lab methods -- 8.5 Applications/case studies -- 8.5.1 Using process simulation to troubleshoot 2-stage compressor -- 8.5.2 Wellhead Gas Production, Central Australia -- 8.5.3 Amine Unit, South West, USA: short service life of filters -- 8.5.4 Sour Gas Plant, Middle East -- 8.5.5 GASCO (Abu Dhabi Gas Industries Limited), Habshan Bab Plant, UAE -- 8.5.6 Natural gas grid-petrochemical end user compressor issues, Middle East -- 8.5.7 LNG Plant, North America -- References -- 9 Filtration and separation rating -- Chapter Outline -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Solid/liquid filter rating standards -- 9.3 Liquid/liquid separation rating standards -- 9.4 Solid/gas separation rating standards -- 9.5 Liquid/gas separation rating standards -- 9.6 Filter and coalescer characterization methods -- References -- Appendix 1 Conversion factors -- Appendix 2 Cartridge diameter factors -- Reference -- Appendix 3 Carbon steel pressure vessel and nozzle diameters -- References -- Index -- Back Cover | |
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| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |a Wines, Thomas H. |t Contamination Control in the Natural Gas Industry |d San Diego : Elsevier Science & Technology,c2021 |n Druck-Ausgabe |z 978-0-12-816986-5 |
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| author | Wines, Thomas H. Mokhatab, Saeid |
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| contents | Front Cover -- Contamination Control in the Natural Gas Industry -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- About the authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Disclaimer -- 1 Fundamentals of filtration science -- Chapter Outline -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Overview -- 1.2.1 Major types of separation equipment used to treat gas streams -- 1.2.2 Major types of separation equipment used to treat liquid streams -- 1.3 Darcy's law -- 1.4 Capture mechanisms -- 1.4.1 Direct interception (sieving) -- 1.4.2 Inertial impaction -- 1.4.3 Diffusive capture -- 1.5 Filter life -- 1.5.1 Filter type -- 1.5.2 Void volume -- 1.5.3 Flux -- 1.6 Differences between solid-liquid and solid-gas separation -- References -- 2 Fundamentals of separation science -- Chapter Outline -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Liquid/gas systems -- 2.2.1 Surface tension -- 2.2.1.1 Effects of pressure and temperature on surface tension -- 2.2.1.2 Effects of contaminants on surface tension -- 2.2.1.3 Surface tension and separations -- 2.2.2 Two-phase flow in pipes -- 2.2.3 Aerosol formation mechanisms -- 2.2.4 Predicting droplet size and settling velocity -- 2.3 Liquid/liquid systems -- 2.3.1 Interfacial tension -- 2.3.2 Emulsion formation mechanisms -- 2.3.2.1 Steric repulsion -- 2.3.2.2 Electrostatic charge repulsion -- 2.3.2.3 Film stabilization -- 2.3.3 Predicting droplet size and settling velocity -- References -- Further reading -- 3 Industrial contaminants -- Chapter Outline -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Origins and types -- 3.2.1 Feed contaminants -- 3.2.2 Generated contaminants -- 3.2.3 Contaminants added intentionally -- 3.3 Characterizing contaminants -- 3.3.1 Sampling and collection methods -- 3.3.1.1 Field testing -- 3.3.1.1.1 Solids from gas -- 3.3.1.1.2 Solids from liquids -- 3.3.1.1.3 Liquids from gas -- 3.3.1.1.4 Liquids from liquids 3.3.1.1.5 Special considerations for volatile liquids -- 3.3.2 Lab analysis methods -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Industrial filtration technologies -- Chapter Outline -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Gravity separators -- 4.3 Basket strainers -- 4.4 Filter press -- 4.5 Cyclonic separators and cyclo-filters -- 4.5.1 Cyclone separator -- 4.5.2 Cyclo-filter -- 4.6 Disposable cartridge filters -- 4.6.1 String wound filters -- 4.6.2 Melt blown depth -- 4.6.3 Other depth filters -- 4.6.4 Pleated filters -- 4.6.5 Combination depth-pleated filters -- 4.6.6 Liquid bag filters -- 4.7 Regenerable filters -- 4.7.1 Media beds -- 4.7.2 Blowback -- 4.7.3 Backwash -- 4.7.4 Micro-filtration and ultra-filtration -- 4.7.5 Reverse osmosis and nano-filtration -- 4.8 Other filtration technologies -- 4.9 Filtration summary -- References -- Further reading -- 5 Industrial separation technologies -- Chapter Outline -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Liquid/liquid separation -- 5.2.1 Decanters -- 5.2.1.1 Additional guidelines include -- 5.2.2 Plate separators -- 5.2.3 Mesh pads -- 5.2.4 Cyclonic separators -- 5.2.5 Electrostatic coalescers -- 5.2.6 Flotation methods -- 5.2.7 Media beds -- 5.2.8 Liquid-liquid fiber bed coalescer cartridges -- 5.2.8.1 Capture -- 5.2.8.2 Coalescing -- 5.2.8.3 Release -- 5.2.8.4 Separation -- 5.2.8.5 Issues at low interfacial tension -- 5.2.9 Crossflow membranes -- 5.2.10 Combinations -- 5.2.11 Comparison of liquid-liquid separation technologies -- 5.3 Liquid-gas separations -- 5.3.1 Gas/liquid two-phase separator -- 5.3.1.1 Vessel designs -- 5.3.1.2 Finger-type slug catcher -- 5.3.2 Mesh pad -- 5.3.3 Vane pack -- 5.3.4 Cyclonic separators -- 5.3.5 Liquid-gas coalescer cartridges -- 5.3.5.1 Horizontal filter separator -- 5.3.5.2 High efficiency vertical liquid/gas coalescers -- 5.3.5.2.1 Chemical surface treatment 5.3.5.2.2 Modeling the liquid/gas coalescer -- 5.3.6 Supersonic liquid-gas separation -- 5.3.7 Comparison of liquid-gas separation technologies -- 5.4 Three-phase separations -- 5.4.1 Design improvements -- 5.4.2 Computational fluid dynamics analysis -- References -- 6 Role of chemical additives -- Chapter Outline -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Surfactants -- 6.2.1 Bancroft's rule -- 6.2.2 Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance ratio -- 6.2.3 Winsor R ratio -- 6.2.4 Cosurfactants -- 6.2.5 Amphiphilic polymers -- 6.3 Typical chemical additives -- 6.4 Process applications -- 6.4.1 Upstream production -- 6.4.2 Processing -- 6.4.3 Transmission -- 6.5 Effect on filtration/separation -- References -- Further reading -- 7 Effect of contamination on processes in the natural gas industry -- Chapter Outline -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Natural gas supply chain -- 7.3 Gas production at well head -- 7.3.1 Retrograde condensation -- 7.3.2 Gas compression -- 7.3.3 Special considerations for separation equipment -- 7.3.4 North Sea case study -- 7.3.5 Produced water treatment -- 7.3.6 Origin Energy case study -- 7.4 Gas processing plant -- 7.4.1 Hydrocarbon condensate stabilization -- 7.4.1.1 Crew energy case study -- 7.4.1.2 Australian offshore platform case study -- 7.4.2 Acid gas treating -- 7.4.2.1 Chemical solvents -- 7.4.2.2 Physical solvents -- 7.4.2.3 Mixed physical-chemical -- 7.4.2.4 Oxidative solvents -- 7.4.3 Amine system operations -- 7.4.3.1 Solid beds -- 7.4.3.2 Membranes -- 7.4.4 Gas dehydration -- 7.4.4.1 Glycol absorption -- 7.4.4.2 Contaminant issues -- 7.4.4.3 Recommended practices -- 7.4.4.4 Solid bed adsorption -- 7.4.5 Contamination issues -- 7.4.5.1 Recommended practices -- 7.4.5.2 Gas chilling (condensation) -- 7.4.6 Mercury removal units -- 7.4.7 Natural gas liquids recovery, fractionation and treatment -- 7.4.7.1 Natural gas liquid recovery processes 7.4.7.2 Natural gas liquid fractionation -- 7.4.7.3 Natural gas liquid treatment -- 7.4.7.3.1 Caustic treating of mixed butanes case study -- 7.4.7.3.2 LPG amine treating case study -- 7.4.8 Water removal -- 7.5 Pipeline -- 7.5.1 Metering/booster stations -- 7.5.2 Pigging -- 7.5.2.1 Case study: DEPA, Greece -- 7.5.2.2 Case study: Middle East -- 7.6 Underground storage -- 7.7 Liquefied natural gas production -- 7.7.1 Amine solution clean-up, LNG Production Plant, Middle East case study -- 7.7.2 Cold box protection, NGL recovery plant, Africa case study -- References -- Further reading -- 8 Diagnostics and troubleshooting methods -- Chapter Outline -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Strategic approach -- 8.2.1 Simulation tools -- 8.3 Field methods -- 8.4 Lab methods -- 8.5 Applications/case studies -- 8.5.1 Using process simulation to troubleshoot 2-stage compressor -- 8.5.2 Wellhead Gas Production, Central Australia -- 8.5.3 Amine Unit, South West, USA: short service life of filters -- 8.5.4 Sour Gas Plant, Middle East -- 8.5.5 GASCO (Abu Dhabi Gas Industries Limited), Habshan Bab Plant, UAE -- 8.5.6 Natural gas grid-petrochemical end user compressor issues, Middle East -- 8.5.7 LNG Plant, North America -- References -- 9 Filtration and separation rating -- Chapter Outline -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Solid/liquid filter rating standards -- 9.3 Liquid/liquid separation rating standards -- 9.4 Solid/gas separation rating standards -- 9.5 Liquid/gas separation rating standards -- 9.6 Filter and coalescer characterization methods -- References -- Appendix 1 Conversion factors -- Appendix 2 Cartridge diameter factors -- Reference -- Appendix 3 Carbon steel pressure vessel and nozzle diameters -- References -- Index -- Back Cover |
| ctrlnum | (ZDB-30-PQE)EBC6812043 (ZDB-30-PAD)EBC6812043 (ZDB-89-EBL)EBL6812043 (OCoLC)1319632777 (DE-599)BVBBV048221306 |
| discipline | Energietechnik, Energiewirtschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Energietechnik, Energiewirtschaft |
| format | Electronic eBook |
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5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Liquid/liquid separation -- 5.2.1 Decanters -- 5.2.1.1 Additional guidelines include -- 5.2.2 Plate separators -- 5.2.3 Mesh pads -- 5.2.4 Cyclonic separators -- 5.2.5 Electrostatic coalescers -- 5.2.6 Flotation methods -- 5.2.7 Media beds -- 5.2.8 Liquid-liquid fiber bed coalescer cartridges -- 5.2.8.1 Capture -- 5.2.8.2 Coalescing -- 5.2.8.3 Release -- 5.2.8.4 Separation -- 5.2.8.5 Issues at low interfacial tension -- 5.2.9 Crossflow membranes -- 5.2.10 Combinations -- 5.2.11 Comparison of liquid-liquid separation technologies -- 5.3 Liquid-gas separations -- 5.3.1 Gas/liquid two-phase separator -- 5.3.1.1 Vessel designs -- 5.3.1.2 Finger-type slug catcher -- 5.3.2 Mesh pad -- 5.3.3 Vane pack -- 5.3.4 Cyclonic separators -- 5.3.5 Liquid-gas coalescer cartridges -- 5.3.5.1 Horizontal filter separator -- 5.3.5.2 High efficiency vertical liquid/gas coalescers -- 5.3.5.2.1 Chemical surface treatment</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">5.3.5.2.2 Modeling the liquid/gas coalescer -- 5.3.6 Supersonic liquid-gas separation -- 5.3.7 Comparison of liquid-gas separation technologies -- 5.4 Three-phase separations -- 5.4.1 Design improvements -- 5.4.2 Computational fluid dynamics analysis -- References -- 6 Role of chemical additives -- Chapter Outline -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Surfactants -- 6.2.1 Bancroft's rule -- 6.2.2 Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance ratio -- 6.2.3 Winsor R ratio -- 6.2.4 Cosurfactants -- 6.2.5 Amphiphilic polymers -- 6.3 Typical chemical additives -- 6.4 Process applications -- 6.4.1 Upstream production -- 6.4.2 Processing -- 6.4.3 Transmission -- 6.5 Effect on filtration/separation -- References -- Further reading -- 7 Effect of contamination on processes in the natural gas industry -- Chapter Outline -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Natural gas supply chain -- 7.3 Gas production at well head -- 7.3.1 Retrograde condensation -- 7.3.2 Gas compression -- 7.3.3 Special considerations for separation equipment -- 7.3.4 North Sea case study -- 7.3.5 Produced water treatment -- 7.3.6 Origin Energy case study -- 7.4 Gas processing plant -- 7.4.1 Hydrocarbon condensate stabilization -- 7.4.1.1 Crew energy case study -- 7.4.1.2 Australian offshore platform case study -- 7.4.2 Acid gas treating -- 7.4.2.1 Chemical solvents -- 7.4.2.2 Physical solvents -- 7.4.2.3 Mixed physical-chemical -- 7.4.2.4 Oxidative solvents -- 7.4.3 Amine system operations -- 7.4.3.1 Solid beds -- 7.4.3.2 Membranes -- 7.4.4 Gas dehydration -- 7.4.4.1 Glycol absorption -- 7.4.4.2 Contaminant issues -- 7.4.4.3 Recommended practices -- 7.4.4.4 Solid bed adsorption -- 7.4.5 Contamination issues -- 7.4.5.1 Recommended practices -- 7.4.5.2 Gas chilling (condensation) -- 7.4.6 Mercury removal units -- 7.4.7 Natural gas liquids recovery, fractionation and treatment -- 7.4.7.1 Natural gas liquid recovery processes</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7.4.7.2 Natural gas liquid fractionation -- 7.4.7.3 Natural gas liquid treatment -- 7.4.7.3.1 Caustic treating of mixed butanes case study -- 7.4.7.3.2 LPG amine treating case study -- 7.4.8 Water removal -- 7.5 Pipeline -- 7.5.1 Metering/booster stations -- 7.5.2 Pigging -- 7.5.2.1 Case study: DEPA, Greece -- 7.5.2.2 Case study: Middle East -- 7.6 Underground storage -- 7.7 Liquefied natural gas production -- 7.7.1 Amine solution clean-up, LNG Production Plant, Middle East case study -- 7.7.2 Cold box protection, NGL recovery plant, Africa case study -- References -- Further reading -- 8 Diagnostics and troubleshooting methods -- Chapter Outline -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Strategic approach -- 8.2.1 Simulation tools -- 8.3 Field methods -- 8.4 Lab methods -- 8.5 Applications/case studies -- 8.5.1 Using process simulation to troubleshoot 2-stage compressor -- 8.5.2 Wellhead Gas Production, Central Australia -- 8.5.3 Amine Unit, South West, USA: short service life of filters -- 8.5.4 Sour Gas Plant, Middle East -- 8.5.5 GASCO (Abu Dhabi Gas Industries Limited), Habshan Bab Plant, UAE -- 8.5.6 Natural gas grid-petrochemical end user compressor issues, Middle East -- 8.5.7 LNG Plant, North America -- References -- 9 Filtration and separation rating -- Chapter Outline -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Solid/liquid filter rating standards -- 9.3 Liquid/liquid separation rating standards -- 9.4 Solid/gas separation rating standards -- 9.5 Liquid/gas separation rating standards -- 9.6 Filter and coalescer characterization methods -- References -- Appendix 1 Conversion factors -- Appendix 2 Cartridge diameter factors -- Reference -- Appendix 3 Carbon steel pressure vessel and nozzle diameters -- References -- Index -- Back Cover</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mokhatab, Saeid</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1058622420</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" 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| id | DE-604.BV048221306 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T19:50:32Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:32:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780128169872 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033602043 |
| oclc_num | 1319632777 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-91 DE-BY-TUM |
| owner_facet | DE-91 DE-BY-TUM |
| physical | 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 396 Seiten) Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| psigel | ZDB-30-PQE ZDB-30-PQE TUM_PDA_PQE_Kauf |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Gulf Professional Publishing, an imprint of Elsevier |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Wines, Thomas H. Verfasser aut Contamination control in the natural gas industry Thomas H. Wines, Saeid Mokhatab Cambridge, MA, United States ; Kidlington, Oxford, United Kingdom Gulf Professional Publishing, an imprint of Elsevier [2022] © 2022 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 396 Seiten) Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources Front Cover -- Contamination Control in the Natural Gas Industry -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- About the authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Disclaimer -- 1 Fundamentals of filtration science -- Chapter Outline -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Overview -- 1.2.1 Major types of separation equipment used to treat gas streams -- 1.2.2 Major types of separation equipment used to treat liquid streams -- 1.3 Darcy's law -- 1.4 Capture mechanisms -- 1.4.1 Direct interception (sieving) -- 1.4.2 Inertial impaction -- 1.4.3 Diffusive capture -- 1.5 Filter life -- 1.5.1 Filter type -- 1.5.2 Void volume -- 1.5.3 Flux -- 1.6 Differences between solid-liquid and solid-gas separation -- References -- 2 Fundamentals of separation science -- Chapter Outline -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Liquid/gas systems -- 2.2.1 Surface tension -- 2.2.1.1 Effects of pressure and temperature on surface tension -- 2.2.1.2 Effects of contaminants on surface tension -- 2.2.1.3 Surface tension and separations -- 2.2.2 Two-phase flow in pipes -- 2.2.3 Aerosol formation mechanisms -- 2.2.4 Predicting droplet size and settling velocity -- 2.3 Liquid/liquid systems -- 2.3.1 Interfacial tension -- 2.3.2 Emulsion formation mechanisms -- 2.3.2.1 Steric repulsion -- 2.3.2.2 Electrostatic charge repulsion -- 2.3.2.3 Film stabilization -- 2.3.3 Predicting droplet size and settling velocity -- References -- Further reading -- 3 Industrial contaminants -- Chapter Outline -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Origins and types -- 3.2.1 Feed contaminants -- 3.2.2 Generated contaminants -- 3.2.3 Contaminants added intentionally -- 3.3 Characterizing contaminants -- 3.3.1 Sampling and collection methods -- 3.3.1.1 Field testing -- 3.3.1.1.1 Solids from gas -- 3.3.1.1.2 Solids from liquids -- 3.3.1.1.3 Liquids from gas -- 3.3.1.1.4 Liquids from liquids 3.3.1.1.5 Special considerations for volatile liquids -- 3.3.2 Lab analysis methods -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Industrial filtration technologies -- Chapter Outline -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Gravity separators -- 4.3 Basket strainers -- 4.4 Filter press -- 4.5 Cyclonic separators and cyclo-filters -- 4.5.1 Cyclone separator -- 4.5.2 Cyclo-filter -- 4.6 Disposable cartridge filters -- 4.6.1 String wound filters -- 4.6.2 Melt blown depth -- 4.6.3 Other depth filters -- 4.6.4 Pleated filters -- 4.6.5 Combination depth-pleated filters -- 4.6.6 Liquid bag filters -- 4.7 Regenerable filters -- 4.7.1 Media beds -- 4.7.2 Blowback -- 4.7.3 Backwash -- 4.7.4 Micro-filtration and ultra-filtration -- 4.7.5 Reverse osmosis and nano-filtration -- 4.8 Other filtration technologies -- 4.9 Filtration summary -- References -- Further reading -- 5 Industrial separation technologies -- Chapter Outline -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Liquid/liquid separation -- 5.2.1 Decanters -- 5.2.1.1 Additional guidelines include -- 5.2.2 Plate separators -- 5.2.3 Mesh pads -- 5.2.4 Cyclonic separators -- 5.2.5 Electrostatic coalescers -- 5.2.6 Flotation methods -- 5.2.7 Media beds -- 5.2.8 Liquid-liquid fiber bed coalescer cartridges -- 5.2.8.1 Capture -- 5.2.8.2 Coalescing -- 5.2.8.3 Release -- 5.2.8.4 Separation -- 5.2.8.5 Issues at low interfacial tension -- 5.2.9 Crossflow membranes -- 5.2.10 Combinations -- 5.2.11 Comparison of liquid-liquid separation technologies -- 5.3 Liquid-gas separations -- 5.3.1 Gas/liquid two-phase separator -- 5.3.1.1 Vessel designs -- 5.3.1.2 Finger-type slug catcher -- 5.3.2 Mesh pad -- 5.3.3 Vane pack -- 5.3.4 Cyclonic separators -- 5.3.5 Liquid-gas coalescer cartridges -- 5.3.5.1 Horizontal filter separator -- 5.3.5.2 High efficiency vertical liquid/gas coalescers -- 5.3.5.2.1 Chemical surface treatment 5.3.5.2.2 Modeling the liquid/gas coalescer -- 5.3.6 Supersonic liquid-gas separation -- 5.3.7 Comparison of liquid-gas separation technologies -- 5.4 Three-phase separations -- 5.4.1 Design improvements -- 5.4.2 Computational fluid dynamics analysis -- References -- 6 Role of chemical additives -- Chapter Outline -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Surfactants -- 6.2.1 Bancroft's rule -- 6.2.2 Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance ratio -- 6.2.3 Winsor R ratio -- 6.2.4 Cosurfactants -- 6.2.5 Amphiphilic polymers -- 6.3 Typical chemical additives -- 6.4 Process applications -- 6.4.1 Upstream production -- 6.4.2 Processing -- 6.4.3 Transmission -- 6.5 Effect on filtration/separation -- References -- Further reading -- 7 Effect of contamination on processes in the natural gas industry -- Chapter Outline -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Natural gas supply chain -- 7.3 Gas production at well head -- 7.3.1 Retrograde condensation -- 7.3.2 Gas compression -- 7.3.3 Special considerations for separation equipment -- 7.3.4 North Sea case study -- 7.3.5 Produced water treatment -- 7.3.6 Origin Energy case study -- 7.4 Gas processing plant -- 7.4.1 Hydrocarbon condensate stabilization -- 7.4.1.1 Crew energy case study -- 7.4.1.2 Australian offshore platform case study -- 7.4.2 Acid gas treating -- 7.4.2.1 Chemical solvents -- 7.4.2.2 Physical solvents -- 7.4.2.3 Mixed physical-chemical -- 7.4.2.4 Oxidative solvents -- 7.4.3 Amine system operations -- 7.4.3.1 Solid beds -- 7.4.3.2 Membranes -- 7.4.4 Gas dehydration -- 7.4.4.1 Glycol absorption -- 7.4.4.2 Contaminant issues -- 7.4.4.3 Recommended practices -- 7.4.4.4 Solid bed adsorption -- 7.4.5 Contamination issues -- 7.4.5.1 Recommended practices -- 7.4.5.2 Gas chilling (condensation) -- 7.4.6 Mercury removal units -- 7.4.7 Natural gas liquids recovery, fractionation and treatment -- 7.4.7.1 Natural gas liquid recovery processes 7.4.7.2 Natural gas liquid fractionation -- 7.4.7.3 Natural gas liquid treatment -- 7.4.7.3.1 Caustic treating of mixed butanes case study -- 7.4.7.3.2 LPG amine treating case study -- 7.4.8 Water removal -- 7.5 Pipeline -- 7.5.1 Metering/booster stations -- 7.5.2 Pigging -- 7.5.2.1 Case study: DEPA, Greece -- 7.5.2.2 Case study: Middle East -- 7.6 Underground storage -- 7.7 Liquefied natural gas production -- 7.7.1 Amine solution clean-up, LNG Production Plant, Middle East case study -- 7.7.2 Cold box protection, NGL recovery plant, Africa case study -- References -- Further reading -- 8 Diagnostics and troubleshooting methods -- Chapter Outline -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Strategic approach -- 8.2.1 Simulation tools -- 8.3 Field methods -- 8.4 Lab methods -- 8.5 Applications/case studies -- 8.5.1 Using process simulation to troubleshoot 2-stage compressor -- 8.5.2 Wellhead Gas Production, Central Australia -- 8.5.3 Amine Unit, South West, USA: short service life of filters -- 8.5.4 Sour Gas Plant, Middle East -- 8.5.5 GASCO (Abu Dhabi Gas Industries Limited), Habshan Bab Plant, UAE -- 8.5.6 Natural gas grid-petrochemical end user compressor issues, Middle East -- 8.5.7 LNG Plant, North America -- References -- 9 Filtration and separation rating -- Chapter Outline -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Solid/liquid filter rating standards -- 9.3 Liquid/liquid separation rating standards -- 9.4 Solid/gas separation rating standards -- 9.5 Liquid/gas separation rating standards -- 9.6 Filter and coalescer characterization methods -- References -- Appendix 1 Conversion factors -- Appendix 2 Cartridge diameter factors -- Reference -- Appendix 3 Carbon steel pressure vessel and nozzle diameters -- References -- Index -- Back Cover Mokhatab, Saeid Verfasser (DE-588)1058622420 aut Erscheint auch als Wines, Thomas H. Contamination Control in the Natural Gas Industry San Diego : Elsevier Science & Technology,c2021 Druck-Ausgabe 978-0-12-816986-5 |
| spellingShingle | Wines, Thomas H. Mokhatab, Saeid Contamination control in the natural gas industry Front Cover -- Contamination Control in the Natural Gas Industry -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- About the authors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Disclaimer -- 1 Fundamentals of filtration science -- Chapter Outline -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Overview -- 1.2.1 Major types of separation equipment used to treat gas streams -- 1.2.2 Major types of separation equipment used to treat liquid streams -- 1.3 Darcy's law -- 1.4 Capture mechanisms -- 1.4.1 Direct interception (sieving) -- 1.4.2 Inertial impaction -- 1.4.3 Diffusive capture -- 1.5 Filter life -- 1.5.1 Filter type -- 1.5.2 Void volume -- 1.5.3 Flux -- 1.6 Differences between solid-liquid and solid-gas separation -- References -- 2 Fundamentals of separation science -- Chapter Outline -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Liquid/gas systems -- 2.2.1 Surface tension -- 2.2.1.1 Effects of pressure and temperature on surface tension -- 2.2.1.2 Effects of contaminants on surface tension -- 2.2.1.3 Surface tension and separations -- 2.2.2 Two-phase flow in pipes -- 2.2.3 Aerosol formation mechanisms -- 2.2.4 Predicting droplet size and settling velocity -- 2.3 Liquid/liquid systems -- 2.3.1 Interfacial tension -- 2.3.2 Emulsion formation mechanisms -- 2.3.2.1 Steric repulsion -- 2.3.2.2 Electrostatic charge repulsion -- 2.3.2.3 Film stabilization -- 2.3.3 Predicting droplet size and settling velocity -- References -- Further reading -- 3 Industrial contaminants -- Chapter Outline -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Origins and types -- 3.2.1 Feed contaminants -- 3.2.2 Generated contaminants -- 3.2.3 Contaminants added intentionally -- 3.3 Characterizing contaminants -- 3.3.1 Sampling and collection methods -- 3.3.1.1 Field testing -- 3.3.1.1.1 Solids from gas -- 3.3.1.1.2 Solids from liquids -- 3.3.1.1.3 Liquids from gas -- 3.3.1.1.4 Liquids from liquids 3.3.1.1.5 Special considerations for volatile liquids -- 3.3.2 Lab analysis methods -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Industrial filtration technologies -- Chapter Outline -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Gravity separators -- 4.3 Basket strainers -- 4.4 Filter press -- 4.5 Cyclonic separators and cyclo-filters -- 4.5.1 Cyclone separator -- 4.5.2 Cyclo-filter -- 4.6 Disposable cartridge filters -- 4.6.1 String wound filters -- 4.6.2 Melt blown depth -- 4.6.3 Other depth filters -- 4.6.4 Pleated filters -- 4.6.5 Combination depth-pleated filters -- 4.6.6 Liquid bag filters -- 4.7 Regenerable filters -- 4.7.1 Media beds -- 4.7.2 Blowback -- 4.7.3 Backwash -- 4.7.4 Micro-filtration and ultra-filtration -- 4.7.5 Reverse osmosis and nano-filtration -- 4.8 Other filtration technologies -- 4.9 Filtration summary -- References -- Further reading -- 5 Industrial separation technologies -- Chapter Outline -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Liquid/liquid separation -- 5.2.1 Decanters -- 5.2.1.1 Additional guidelines include -- 5.2.2 Plate separators -- 5.2.3 Mesh pads -- 5.2.4 Cyclonic separators -- 5.2.5 Electrostatic coalescers -- 5.2.6 Flotation methods -- 5.2.7 Media beds -- 5.2.8 Liquid-liquid fiber bed coalescer cartridges -- 5.2.8.1 Capture -- 5.2.8.2 Coalescing -- 5.2.8.3 Release -- 5.2.8.4 Separation -- 5.2.8.5 Issues at low interfacial tension -- 5.2.9 Crossflow membranes -- 5.2.10 Combinations -- 5.2.11 Comparison of liquid-liquid separation technologies -- 5.3 Liquid-gas separations -- 5.3.1 Gas/liquid two-phase separator -- 5.3.1.1 Vessel designs -- 5.3.1.2 Finger-type slug catcher -- 5.3.2 Mesh pad -- 5.3.3 Vane pack -- 5.3.4 Cyclonic separators -- 5.3.5 Liquid-gas coalescer cartridges -- 5.3.5.1 Horizontal filter separator -- 5.3.5.2 High efficiency vertical liquid/gas coalescers -- 5.3.5.2.1 Chemical surface treatment 5.3.5.2.2 Modeling the liquid/gas coalescer -- 5.3.6 Supersonic liquid-gas separation -- 5.3.7 Comparison of liquid-gas separation technologies -- 5.4 Three-phase separations -- 5.4.1 Design improvements -- 5.4.2 Computational fluid dynamics analysis -- References -- 6 Role of chemical additives -- Chapter Outline -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Surfactants -- 6.2.1 Bancroft's rule -- 6.2.2 Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance ratio -- 6.2.3 Winsor R ratio -- 6.2.4 Cosurfactants -- 6.2.5 Amphiphilic polymers -- 6.3 Typical chemical additives -- 6.4 Process applications -- 6.4.1 Upstream production -- 6.4.2 Processing -- 6.4.3 Transmission -- 6.5 Effect on filtration/separation -- References -- Further reading -- 7 Effect of contamination on processes in the natural gas industry -- Chapter Outline -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Natural gas supply chain -- 7.3 Gas production at well head -- 7.3.1 Retrograde condensation -- 7.3.2 Gas compression -- 7.3.3 Special considerations for separation equipment -- 7.3.4 North Sea case study -- 7.3.5 Produced water treatment -- 7.3.6 Origin Energy case study -- 7.4 Gas processing plant -- 7.4.1 Hydrocarbon condensate stabilization -- 7.4.1.1 Crew energy case study -- 7.4.1.2 Australian offshore platform case study -- 7.4.2 Acid gas treating -- 7.4.2.1 Chemical solvents -- 7.4.2.2 Physical solvents -- 7.4.2.3 Mixed physical-chemical -- 7.4.2.4 Oxidative solvents -- 7.4.3 Amine system operations -- 7.4.3.1 Solid beds -- 7.4.3.2 Membranes -- 7.4.4 Gas dehydration -- 7.4.4.1 Glycol absorption -- 7.4.4.2 Contaminant issues -- 7.4.4.3 Recommended practices -- 7.4.4.4 Solid bed adsorption -- 7.4.5 Contamination issues -- 7.4.5.1 Recommended practices -- 7.4.5.2 Gas chilling (condensation) -- 7.4.6 Mercury removal units -- 7.4.7 Natural gas liquids recovery, fractionation and treatment -- 7.4.7.1 Natural gas liquid recovery processes 7.4.7.2 Natural gas liquid fractionation -- 7.4.7.3 Natural gas liquid treatment -- 7.4.7.3.1 Caustic treating of mixed butanes case study -- 7.4.7.3.2 LPG amine treating case study -- 7.4.8 Water removal -- 7.5 Pipeline -- 7.5.1 Metering/booster stations -- 7.5.2 Pigging -- 7.5.2.1 Case study: DEPA, Greece -- 7.5.2.2 Case study: Middle East -- 7.6 Underground storage -- 7.7 Liquefied natural gas production -- 7.7.1 Amine solution clean-up, LNG Production Plant, Middle East case study -- 7.7.2 Cold box protection, NGL recovery plant, Africa case study -- References -- Further reading -- 8 Diagnostics and troubleshooting methods -- Chapter Outline -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Strategic approach -- 8.2.1 Simulation tools -- 8.3 Field methods -- 8.4 Lab methods -- 8.5 Applications/case studies -- 8.5.1 Using process simulation to troubleshoot 2-stage compressor -- 8.5.2 Wellhead Gas Production, Central Australia -- 8.5.3 Amine Unit, South West, USA: short service life of filters -- 8.5.4 Sour Gas Plant, Middle East -- 8.5.5 GASCO (Abu Dhabi Gas Industries Limited), Habshan Bab Plant, UAE -- 8.5.6 Natural gas grid-petrochemical end user compressor issues, Middle East -- 8.5.7 LNG Plant, North America -- References -- 9 Filtration and separation rating -- Chapter Outline -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Solid/liquid filter rating standards -- 9.3 Liquid/liquid separation rating standards -- 9.4 Solid/gas separation rating standards -- 9.5 Liquid/gas separation rating standards -- 9.6 Filter and coalescer characterization methods -- References -- Appendix 1 Conversion factors -- Appendix 2 Cartridge diameter factors -- Reference -- Appendix 3 Carbon steel pressure vessel and nozzle diameters -- References -- Index -- Back Cover |
| title | Contamination control in the natural gas industry |
| title_auth | Contamination control in the natural gas industry |
| title_exact_search | Contamination control in the natural gas industry |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Contamination control in the natural gas industry |
| title_full | Contamination control in the natural gas industry Thomas H. Wines, Saeid Mokhatab |
| title_fullStr | Contamination control in the natural gas industry Thomas H. Wines, Saeid Mokhatab |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contamination control in the natural gas industry Thomas H. Wines, Saeid Mokhatab |
| title_short | Contamination control in the natural gas industry |
| title_sort | contamination control in the natural gas industry |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT winesthomash contaminationcontrolinthenaturalgasindustry AT mokhatabsaeid contaminationcontrolinthenaturalgasindustry |