Barrows at the core of Bronze Age communities: Petersfield Heath excavations 2014-18 in their regional context
Barrows at the Core of Bronze Age Communities argues exactly that. Round barrows do not just represent the death side of Early Bronze Age communities placed in set-a-side ritual landscapes, but were instead central to existence in many ways. This study of the Rother Region, where the Weald meets the...
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Sidestone Press
[2021]
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Zusammenfassung: | Barrows at the Core of Bronze Age Communities argues exactly that. Round barrows do not just represent the death side of Early Bronze Age communities placed in set-a-side ritual landscapes, but were instead central to existence in many ways. This study of the Rother Region, where the Weald meets the Wessex massif, reports the results of the People of the Heath project, 2014-18. It integrates a wealth of data from comprehensive field study of all relevant sites in the region with that from excavations into one of its major cemeteries -- Petersfield Heath, Hampshire. Fourteen of 21 surviving barrows were sampled by excavation, one of the fullest records for such a cemetery in modern times. In addition to diverse burial rites, the site yielded a range of 'other significant deposits' and totally novel insights into the organic artefact repertoire thanks to mineral replacement. There are substantial repercussions for the conventional classification of barrows and in this region the key difference between mound barrows and enclosure barrows is seen to have a socio-cultural background. This and other differences of approach to the siting and aggregation of barrows contribute to the reconstruction of 16 settled communities across the region. These emerge from a strong Mesolithic to Neolithic presence, the latter documented for the first time, and evidence including solstitial alignments suggests direct continuity to the Middle Bronze Age fieldscapes of the region. This book is supported by a separate volume containing an extensive body of supplementary information and evaluation. Together they contain much new for those researching the period, early burial practices and the prehistoric occupation of the western Weald. They will also galvanise debates about variations in the character of barrowscapes across Britain and the place of the Wessex barrow foci |
Beschreibung: | 685 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Pläne (teilweise farbig) 28 cm |
ISBN: | 9789464260441 9789464260434 |
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adam_text | Contents Foreword Acknowledgements List of contributors Image credits Summary of the volume 11 13 15 17 19 Section 1: The History and Archaeologyof Petersfield Heath 25 1. People of the Heath Project 27 Stuart Needham and George Anelay Background to the project, objectives and strategy 28 Defining the regional study area 30 Previous archaeological work in the Rother Region 31 Round barrows, the Chalcolithic and the Bronze Age 32 Modern excavations of barrow cemeteries 34 Preliminary research for the excavations 34 Geology and soil profiles of the Heath 39 Structure of the volume 41 2. The Archaeology of Petersfield Heath: the State of Knowledge 45 Stuart Needham and George Anelay Cartographic history of Petersfield Heath barrow cemetery 45 Previous investigations and finds 50 Size, distribution and structure of the cemetery 56 3. The Heath in Documented History 57 Early history by Robert Banbury 57 Military and recreational use of the Heath 69 by DavidJeffery Section 2: Petersfield Heath Excavations 77 4. In Situ Mesolithic Sites 79 George Anelay and Stuart Needham Site 1 79 Site 11 79 Site 13 79 Site 18 80
Site 19 80 Site 21 82 Site 23 83 Site 24 84 52 Heath Road 84 78 Heath Road 85 Distribution of Mesolithic flintwork across the Heath 85 5. Early Bronze Age Enclosure Barrows 87 George Anelay and Stuart Needham Barrow 4, north-eastern subgroup Barrow 12, north-western subgroup 87 97 Barrow 14, south-western subgroup 103 Barrow 19, south-western subgroup 111 Barrow 24, north-western subgroup 118 6. Early Bronze Age Mound Barrows 127 George Anelay and Stuart Needham Barrow 1, north-eastern subgroup 127 Barrow 2, north-eastern subgroup 131 Barrow 3, north-eastern subgroup 132 Barrow 5, north-eastern subgroup 133 Barrow 6, north-eastern subgroup 134 Barrow 7, north-eastern subgroup 134 Barrow 8, north-eastern subgroup 135 Barrow 9, north-eastern subgroup 141 Barrow 10, north-eastern subgroup 144 Barrow 11, north-western subgroup 149 Barrow 13, south-western subgroup 155 Barrow 15, south-western subgroup 162 Barrow 18, south-western subgroup 163 Barrow 20, south-western subgroup 167 Barrow 22, north-western subgroup 167 Barrow 23, north-western subgroup 172 7. Modern and Natural Sites 177 George Anelay and Stuart Needham Site 16 177 Site 17 179 Site 21 183 Section 3: Burialsand Other Significant Deposits 187 8. Burials in Graves and Coffins 189 Barrow 1 1, central burial zone by Stuart Needham and George Anelay Explanation of the intermittent organic preservation by Gill Campbell Barrow 13, central burial and associated features by Stuart Needham and George Anelay 189 196 199
204 Barrow 19, earlier central burial [405] by George Anelay and Stuart Needham Barrow 19, later central burial [406] 205 by George Anelay Stuart Needham and Carol Hartzenberg 9. Urn Burials 219 Jane King and Stuart Needham Lifting and preparing the urns for micro-excavation 219 Micro-excavation methodology 220 Urn 1, Barrow 8 222 Urn 2, Barrow 19 NE quadrant 230 Urn 3, Barrow 19 centre 241 Urn 4, Barrow 14 NW quadrant 247 10. Other Significant Deposits 257 Stuart Needham and George Anelay Artefact deposits 258 Ecofact deposits (charcoal andother wood) 265 Section 4: Excavated Finds, Environmental Evidence and Dating 267 11. Bone Studies 269 Cremated human bone by Emily Burnt animal bone fragments 269 Carroll 273 by Polydora Baker Strontium isotopes on cremated human remains 275 by Rick Schultlng.John Pounced and Christophe Snoeck 12. Prehistoric Flintwork and a Review of the Regional Mesolithic Excavated flintwork assemblages from Petersfield Heath 283 283 by Anthony Haskins The Mesolithic of the Rother Region 298 by Anthony Haskins and Robert Banbury 303 13. Artefact Studies Flintwork from burials: making arrow and fire by clément Nicolas 303 Worked and unworked Stone by Stuart Needham, with stone identifications 320 by David Bone and a contribution from Peter Leeming Fossils 338 by Peter teeming Prehistoric pottery and other fired-clay objects Catalogue of Early Bronze Age pottery by Ann 338 Woodward 338 Discussion of Early Bronze Age pottery byAnn Woodward, 347 and Stuart Needham Stuart Needham and Claire Copper Early first millennium BC pottery by Stuart Needham 355
Silt plaques, Barrow 19 Urn 3 burial 356 by Stuart Needham Romano-British to modern pottery by Duncan h. Brown Dagger description and identification Analysis by Sarah Paynter 357 358 Bronze Age metalwork by Stuart Needham 358 358
Bronze Age beads by Alison Sheridan 359 Mineral-replaced and stratigraphically implied organics by Stuart Needham 364 Worked and unworked wood by Stuart Needham 378 14. Environmental Studies Past vegetation cover and human environment of Petersfield Heath 385 385 by Michael Simmonds, Nicholas Branch, Deborah Cousins and Kevin Williams Wood and charcoal remains by Dana challinor 407 Geoarchaeological studies by Matthew Canti and Stuart Needham 415 15. Specialist Dating Evidence and Site Phasing Radiocarbon dating and Bayesian modelling of the 423 423 Early Bronze Age dates by Stuart Needham, Peter Marshall and George Anelay Optically stimulated luminescence dating by Mark Bateman 428 Site phasing by Stuart Needham 430 Section 5: Barrows in the Rother Region 435 16. The Regional Barrow Survey 437 Stuart Needham Methodology 437 Potential confusions: other man-mademounds/enclosures 441 and natural landscape features Classification of barrow morphologies in the Rother Region 449 Aspects of detailed barrow morphology 451 Overall composition of Rother Region barrows 459 Mound dimensions 463 Overview 469 17. Barrows in the Landscape: Density, Topographic Settings, Formations and Alignments 471 Stuart Needham and Sabine Stevenson Regional environment 473 Topographic setting of barrows 480 Barrow-group formations 485 Solstitial alignments 506 Mound-size distributions 511 Overview 512 18. Patterns of Destruction and Survival in the Barrowscape 513 Stuart Needham and Sabine Stevenson Land-use history and barrow survival 513 Zonal analysis 516 Overview 556 Section 6: Synthesis 559 19.
Bronze Age Funerary Deposits and Structures in the Rother Region 561
Stuart Needham Chalcolithic and transitional burials from the wider region (c. 2450-2200/2150 BQ 561 Early burials and grave goods from the Rother Region (c. 2200/2150-1950 BC) 563 Later burials and grave goods from the Rother Region (c. 1950-1550 BC) 566 Poorly dated Early Bronze Age burials 573 Middle Bronze Age burials (c. 1600-1150 BC) 574 Barrow structures 575 Overview 579 20. Neolithic and Bronze Age Occupation of the Rother Region 581 Stuart Needham and Sabine Stevenson Vegetation background 581 Neolithic activity 583 Field systems, house sites and settlements 589 Flintwork assemblages 599 Diagnostic early metal age flintwork 601 Bronze Age metalwork 604 Overview 616 21. Identifying Early Bronze Age Communities 617 Stuart Needham Principles of analysis 618 Barrow-based differentiations 620 Communities 621 Ancestral guardianship of the land 633 Overview 635 22. Petersfield Heath, Enclosure Barrows and Cultural Differentiation 637 Stuart Needham and George Anelay Early occupants of Petersfield Heath and its environs 637 Enter the barrow builders 638 After the barrows 649 Communities, livelihoods and population 651 The barrow gradient and cultural backgrounds 654 Petersfield Heath: setting, cosmology and position in the regional structure 658 Postscript: Barrow 31 References 665 667
|
adam_txt |
Contents Foreword Acknowledgements List of contributors Image credits Summary of the volume 11 13 15 17 19 Section 1: The History and Archaeologyof Petersfield Heath 25 1. People of the Heath Project 27 Stuart Needham and George Anelay Background to the project, objectives and strategy 28 Defining the regional study area 30 Previous archaeological work in the Rother Region 31 Round barrows, the Chalcolithic and the Bronze Age 32 Modern excavations of barrow cemeteries 34 Preliminary research for the excavations 34 Geology and soil profiles of the Heath 39 Structure of the volume 41 2. The Archaeology of Petersfield Heath: the State of Knowledge 45 Stuart Needham and George Anelay Cartographic history of Petersfield Heath barrow cemetery 45 Previous investigations and finds 50 Size, distribution and structure of the cemetery 56 3. The Heath in Documented History 57 Early history by Robert Banbury 57 Military and recreational use of the Heath 69 by DavidJeffery Section 2: Petersfield Heath Excavations 77 4. In Situ Mesolithic Sites 79 George Anelay and Stuart Needham Site 1 79 Site 11 79 Site 13 79 Site 18 80
Site 19 80 Site 21 82 Site 23 83 Site 24 84 52 Heath Road 84 78 Heath Road 85 Distribution of Mesolithic flintwork across the Heath 85 5. Early Bronze Age Enclosure Barrows 87 George Anelay and Stuart Needham Barrow 4, north-eastern subgroup Barrow 12, north-western subgroup 87 97 Barrow 14, south-western subgroup 103 Barrow 19, south-western subgroup 111 Barrow 24, north-western subgroup 118 6. Early Bronze Age Mound Barrows 127 George Anelay and Stuart Needham Barrow 1, north-eastern subgroup 127 Barrow 2, north-eastern subgroup 131 Barrow 3, north-eastern subgroup 132 Barrow 5, north-eastern subgroup 133 Barrow 6, north-eastern subgroup 134 Barrow 7, north-eastern subgroup 134 Barrow 8, north-eastern subgroup 135 Barrow 9, north-eastern subgroup 141 Barrow 10, north-eastern subgroup 144 Barrow 11, north-western subgroup 149 Barrow 13, south-western subgroup 155 Barrow 15, south-western subgroup 162 Barrow 18, south-western subgroup 163 Barrow 20, south-western subgroup 167 Barrow 22, north-western subgroup 167 Barrow 23, north-western subgroup 172 7. Modern and Natural Sites 177 George Anelay and Stuart Needham Site 16 177 Site 17 179 Site 21 183 Section 3: Burialsand Other Significant Deposits 187 8. Burials in Graves and Coffins 189 Barrow 1 1, central burial zone by Stuart Needham and George Anelay Explanation of the intermittent organic preservation by Gill Campbell Barrow 13, central burial and associated features by Stuart Needham and George Anelay 189 196 199
204 Barrow 19, earlier central burial [405] by George Anelay and Stuart Needham Barrow 19, later central burial [406] 205 by George Anelay Stuart Needham and Carol Hartzenberg 9. Urn Burials 219 Jane King and Stuart Needham Lifting and preparing the urns for micro-excavation 219 Micro-excavation methodology 220 Urn 1, Barrow 8 222 Urn 2, Barrow 19 NE quadrant 230 Urn 3, Barrow 19 centre 241 Urn 4, Barrow 14 NW quadrant 247 10. Other Significant Deposits 257 Stuart Needham and George Anelay Artefact deposits 258 Ecofact deposits (charcoal andother wood) 265 Section 4: Excavated Finds, Environmental Evidence and Dating 267 11. Bone Studies 269 Cremated human bone by Emily Burnt animal bone fragments 269 Carroll 273 by Polydora Baker Strontium isotopes on cremated human remains 275 by Rick Schultlng.John Pounced and Christophe Snoeck 12. Prehistoric Flintwork and a Review of the Regional Mesolithic Excavated flintwork assemblages from Petersfield Heath 283 283 by Anthony Haskins The Mesolithic of the Rother Region 298 by Anthony Haskins and Robert Banbury 303 13. Artefact Studies Flintwork from burials: making arrow and fire by clément Nicolas 303 Worked and unworked Stone by Stuart Needham, with stone identifications 320 by David Bone and a contribution from Peter Leeming Fossils 338 by Peter teeming Prehistoric pottery and other fired-clay objects Catalogue of Early Bronze Age pottery by Ann 338 Woodward 338 Discussion of Early Bronze Age pottery byAnn Woodward, 347 and Stuart Needham Stuart Needham and Claire Copper Early first millennium BC pottery by Stuart Needham 355
Silt plaques, Barrow 19 Urn 3 burial 356 by Stuart Needham Romano-British to modern pottery by Duncan h. Brown Dagger description and identification Analysis by Sarah Paynter 357 358 Bronze Age metalwork by Stuart Needham 358 358
Bronze Age beads by Alison Sheridan 359 Mineral-replaced and stratigraphically implied organics by Stuart Needham 364 Worked and unworked wood by Stuart Needham 378 14. Environmental Studies Past vegetation cover and human environment of Petersfield Heath 385 385 by Michael Simmonds, Nicholas Branch, Deborah Cousins and Kevin Williams Wood and charcoal remains by Dana challinor 407 Geoarchaeological studies by Matthew Canti and Stuart Needham 415 15. Specialist Dating Evidence and Site Phasing Radiocarbon dating and Bayesian modelling of the 423 423 Early Bronze Age dates by Stuart Needham, Peter Marshall and George Anelay Optically stimulated luminescence dating by Mark Bateman 428 Site phasing by Stuart Needham 430 Section 5: Barrows in the Rother Region 435 16. The Regional Barrow Survey 437 Stuart Needham Methodology 437 Potential confusions: other man-mademounds/enclosures 441 and natural landscape features Classification of barrow morphologies in the Rother Region 449 Aspects of detailed barrow morphology 451 Overall composition of Rother Region barrows 459 Mound dimensions 463 Overview 469 17. Barrows in the Landscape: Density, Topographic Settings, Formations and Alignments 471 Stuart Needham and Sabine Stevenson Regional environment 473 Topographic setting of barrows 480 Barrow-group formations 485 Solstitial alignments 506 Mound-size distributions 511 Overview 512 18. Patterns of Destruction and Survival in the Barrowscape 513 Stuart Needham and Sabine Stevenson Land-use history and barrow survival 513 Zonal analysis 516 Overview 556 Section 6: Synthesis 559 19.
Bronze Age Funerary Deposits and Structures in the Rother Region 561
Stuart Needham Chalcolithic and transitional burials from the wider region (c. 2450-2200/2150 BQ 561 Early burials and grave goods from the Rother Region (c. 2200/2150-1950 BC) 563 Later burials and grave goods from the Rother Region (c. 1950-1550 BC) 566 Poorly dated Early Bronze Age burials 573 Middle Bronze Age burials (c. 1600-1150 BC) 574 Barrow structures 575 Overview 579 20. Neolithic and Bronze Age Occupation of the Rother Region 581 Stuart Needham and Sabine Stevenson Vegetation background 581 Neolithic activity 583 Field systems, house sites and settlements 589 Flintwork assemblages 599 Diagnostic early metal age flintwork 601 Bronze Age metalwork 604 Overview 616 21. Identifying Early Bronze Age Communities 617 Stuart Needham Principles of analysis 618 Barrow-based differentiations 620 Communities 621 Ancestral guardianship of the land 633 Overview 635 22. Petersfield Heath, Enclosure Barrows and Cultural Differentiation 637 Stuart Needham and George Anelay Early occupants of Petersfield Heath and its environs 637 Enter the barrow builders 638 After the barrows 649 Communities, livelihoods and population 651 The barrow gradient and cultural backgrounds 654 Petersfield Heath: setting, cosmology and position in the regional structure 658 Postscript: Barrow 31 References 665 667 |
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geographic | Petersfield (DE-588)4484494-3 gnd |
geographic_facet | Petersfield |
id | DE-604.BV048196089 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
index_date | 2024-07-03T19:45:17Z |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:31:42Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9789464260441 9789464260434 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033577206 |
oclc_num | 1334053257 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
physical | 685 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Pläne (teilweise farbig) 28 cm |
psigel | BSB_NED_20220628 gbd_0 |
publishDate | 2021 |
publishDateSearch | 2021 |
publishDateSort | 2021 |
publisher | Sidestone Press |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Needham, Stuart ca. 20. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)123335493 aut Barrows at the core of Bronze Age communities Petersfield Heath excavations 2014-18 in their regional context Stuart Needham & George Anelay Leiden Sidestone Press [2021] © 2021 685 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Pläne (teilweise farbig) 28 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Barrows at the Core of Bronze Age Communities argues exactly that. Round barrows do not just represent the death side of Early Bronze Age communities placed in set-a-side ritual landscapes, but were instead central to existence in many ways. This study of the Rother Region, where the Weald meets the Wessex massif, reports the results of the People of the Heath project, 2014-18. It integrates a wealth of data from comprehensive field study of all relevant sites in the region with that from excavations into one of its major cemeteries -- Petersfield Heath, Hampshire. Fourteen of 21 surviving barrows were sampled by excavation, one of the fullest records for such a cemetery in modern times. In addition to diverse burial rites, the site yielded a range of 'other significant deposits' and totally novel insights into the organic artefact repertoire thanks to mineral replacement. There are substantial repercussions for the conventional classification of barrows and in this region the key difference between mound barrows and enclosure barrows is seen to have a socio-cultural background. This and other differences of approach to the siting and aggregation of barrows contribute to the reconstruction of 16 settled communities across the region. These emerge from a strong Mesolithic to Neolithic presence, the latter documented for the first time, and evidence including solstitial alignments suggests direct continuity to the Middle Bronze Age fieldscapes of the region. This book is supported by a separate volume containing an extensive body of supplementary information and evaluation. Together they contain much new for those researching the period, early burial practices and the prehistoric occupation of the western Weald. They will also galvanise debates about variations in the character of barrowscapes across Britain and the place of the Wessex barrow foci Geschichte 2014-2018 gnd rswk-swf Hügelgrab (DE-588)4160740-5 gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Bronzezeit (DE-588)4008357-3 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Petersfield (DE-588)4484494-3 gnd rswk-swf Excavations (Archaeology) / England / Petersfield Mounds / Social aspects / England / Petersfield Bronze age / England / Petersfield Petersfield (England) / Antiquities Antiquities Bronze age Excavations (Archaeology) Mounds Petersfield (DE-588)4484494-3 g Hügelgrab (DE-588)4160740-5 s Bronzezeit (DE-588)4008357-3 s Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s Geschichte 2014-2018 z DE-604 Anelay, George Verfasser (DE-588)1178801462 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-94-6426-045-8 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033577206&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Needham, Stuart ca. 20. Jh Anelay, George Barrows at the core of Bronze Age communities Petersfield Heath excavations 2014-18 in their regional context Hügelgrab (DE-588)4160740-5 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Bronzezeit (DE-588)4008357-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4160740-5 (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4008357-3 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4484494-3 |
title | Barrows at the core of Bronze Age communities Petersfield Heath excavations 2014-18 in their regional context |
title_auth | Barrows at the core of Bronze Age communities Petersfield Heath excavations 2014-18 in their regional context |
title_exact_search | Barrows at the core of Bronze Age communities Petersfield Heath excavations 2014-18 in their regional context |
title_exact_search_txtP | Barrows at the core of Bronze Age communities Petersfield Heath excavations 2014-18 in their regional context |
title_full | Barrows at the core of Bronze Age communities Petersfield Heath excavations 2014-18 in their regional context Stuart Needham & George Anelay |
title_fullStr | Barrows at the core of Bronze Age communities Petersfield Heath excavations 2014-18 in their regional context Stuart Needham & George Anelay |
title_full_unstemmed | Barrows at the core of Bronze Age communities Petersfield Heath excavations 2014-18 in their regional context Stuart Needham & George Anelay |
title_short | Barrows at the core of Bronze Age communities |
title_sort | barrows at the core of bronze age communities petersfield heath excavations 2014 18 in their regional context |
title_sub | Petersfield Heath excavations 2014-18 in their regional context |
topic | Hügelgrab (DE-588)4160740-5 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Bronzezeit (DE-588)4008357-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
topic_facet | Hügelgrab Funde Bronzezeit Ausgrabung Petersfield |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033577206&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT needhamstuart barrowsatthecoreofbronzeagecommunitiespetersfieldheathexcavations201418intheirregionalcontext AT anelaygeorge barrowsatthecoreofbronzeagecommunitiespetersfieldheathexcavations201418intheirregionalcontext |