Folklori: kujtesë e praktikë: një perspektivë e re njohëse për folkloristikën = Folklore as memory and practice : a new cognitive perspective of folkloristics
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Albanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Prishtinë
Instituti Albanologjik
2021
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | 459 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts 20 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789951241366 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804183487356338176 |
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| adam_text | PERM BÁJTJA Paraf) ale...................................................;.......... ..v.........:. n I. Përqasje ndaj problematikave hulumtuese............. 17 Hyrje........................................................................................ 19 Sfidat e disiplinës së folkloristikës në përballje me ndërrimin e paradigmes............................. .23 Sprovat e autenticitetit e të elementit tradicional dhe çështjet që derivojnë prej tyre....... ...............................33 Dimensionet e kujtesës nga prizmi i folklorit, historisë gojore dhe autoetnografisë....... ............... ............48 Praktika lokale e studimit të folklorit: historiku dhe metodologjia e hulumtimit.......... ...... .65 II. Rrëfimi dhe kujtesa në kontekstin e folkloristikës e të historisë gojore.... .......... 91 II.i. Sfondi teorik për trajtimin e zhanrit narrativ të të rrëfyerit të përvojave personale në folkloristike........................................................................ 93
6 ARBNORA DUSHI 11.2. Folklori dhe historia gojore në raporte ndërlidhëse.... .........................................................................117 III. Triptik ose tri këndvështrime rreth një teme: kujtesa për kufìrin me Shqipërinë................................. 135 Піл. Kufìri і transmodeluar në mall për atdheun e munguar.............................................................................. 137 111.2. Kujtimet për kufirin nga perspektiva e kujtesës ndërbreznore....................................................... 157 111.3. Nga kujtimet për kufirin tek përvoja me kufirin: një perspektivě autoetnografike.......................................... 181 IV. Balada dhe kënga popullore ndërmjet kujtesës personale dhe kujtesës kolektive.................................207 IV.i. Balada e murimit në traditat gojore të Ballkanit: çështja e origjinës nën dritën e disa interpretimeve....... 209 IV.2. Maxharr pasha ndërmjet kujtesës personale dhe kujtesës kolektive......................................................... 229 IV.3. Kënga e Halit Gashit: performancat paralele të interpretimit në zhanrin e muzikes popullore dhe popullarizuese...............................................................257 IV.4. Balada popullore si kujtesë kolektive: Halili e Hajrija................ 281 IV.5. Kënga për Krushqit e ngrirë të Dardanisë: konteksti і receptimit dhe jehona e kujtesës....................299
FOLKLORI KUJTESË E PRAKTIKE 7 IV. 6. Kompleksitet! i raportit motër-vëlla: një vështrim antropolojik mbi variantei e një balade shqiptare......... 321 V. Folklori e folkloristika në kontekst praktik......... 337 V.ı. Reflektimi i rrethanave politike në komunikimin dhe kontaktet e folkloristëve shqiptare para dhe pas viteve ’90: kujtesa publike në kontekst praktik............... 339 V.2. Bernardin Pałaj dhe Elias Lönnrot: krahasime mbi praktikat e regjistrimit dhe të botimit të epikës......359 V.3. Praktika e të krijuarit të folklorit ndërmjet mbijetesës dhe transformimit......................................... 377 V.4. Folklori і pandemisë: praktikat e reja të krijimit të folklorit në rrethana karantinimi dhe trendet globale të regjistrimit të tij.......................................................... 395 Përftindim..................................................................... 413 Conlusion.......................................................................4x9 Referencat bibliografike............................................. 425
REFERENÇAT BIBLIOGRAFIKO Abazi, Епіка, Albert Doja., From the communist point of view: Cultural hegemony and folklòric manipulation in Albanian studies under socialism. Communist and PostCommunist Studies і June 2016; 49 (2): 163-178. https://d0i.0rg/10.1016/j.p0stc0mstud.2016.04.002 Abrahams, Roger D., The past in the presence: An over view of folkloristics in the late 20th century, në: Reimund Kvideland (red.), Folklore Processed, (Helsinki: SuomaHaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 1992). Abrams, Lyn., Oral History Theory (London, New York: Routledge, 2010). Alber, E. et al (red.), The anthropology of sibling rela tions, (New York, NY: Paigrave Macmillan, 2013). Andrew, Stephen., Searching for anAutoethnografic Ethic, (London: Routledge, 2017). Anepaio, Terje., Boundaries in the Soviet Society, në: Teppo Korhonen et al. (red.), Making and Breaking ofBor ders. (Helsinki: Suomallaisen KirjaHisuuden Seura, 2003). Ange, Olivia, David Berliner., (red.), Anthropology and Nostalgia, (New York: Berghahn Books, 2015).
426 ARBNORA DUSHI Anttonen, Perti., (2012), Folklore Studies at the Univer sity of Helsinki: A Current View, The Retrospective Me thods Network Newsletter, 2012/5, https://www. Acade mia. edu/27o69o6/Folklore_Studies_at_the_University_of_He lsinki_A_Current_View [shikuar më: 12 janar, 2021], fq. 103-105. Anttonen, Pertti., (2013), Lost in Intersemiotic Transla tion? The Problem of Context in Folk Narratives of the Archive, Arv. Nordic Yearbook ofFolklore, vol.69, fq. 153 ֊ i70, http://docplayer.net/31219853-Arv-nordic-yearbookof֊folklore-2oi3.html [shikuar më: 30 janar, 2017]. Archer, Rory., (2012), Assesing Turbofolk Controversies: Popular Music between the Nation and the Balkan. Southeastern Europe. L Europe du Sud-Est 36(2): fq. 178207, Archibald, Elisabeth., Incest and the Medieval Imagi nation, (Clarendon: Oxford Press, 2001). Arllati, Behar., (2017), Murteza Roka, një mbledhës і panjohur і folklorit në Visaret e Kombit, Vëllimi X Lahuta e Kosovës. Gjurmime Albanologjike: Folklor dhe Etnologji 47, fq. 147-164. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=667378 [shikuar më: 23 qershor 2021] Assman, Aleida., Canon and Archive, në: Astrid Eril, Ansgar Nünning (red.), Cultural Memory Studies, (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2008) Åström, Anna- Maria, Pirjo Korkiakangas., Introduction, në: Åström, Korkiakangas, Olsson (red.), Memories of My Town: The Identities of Town Dwellers and Their Pla ces in Three Finnish Towns, (Helsinki: SKS, 2004).
FOLKLORI KUJTESË E PRAKTIKE 427 Atkinson, David., Expropriating the Fairies: “Таш Lin”, Tradition and Revivals, në: S. Rieuverts H. Stein (red.), Bridging the Cultural Divide: Our Common Ballad Heri tage, (Hildesheim: George Olms Verlag, 2000). Babacan, Hasan., (2010), Border Matters and Border De termination Studies Between the Provinces of Montene gro and Kosovo after the Berlin Pact, IBU Repository, fq. 459-468. https://omeka.ibu.edu.ba/items/show/2969 [shikuar më: 22 korrik, 2021] Bardhoshi, Nebi., (2008), Identiteti krahinor dhe kufiri politik: Hasi rast studimi, Kultura popullore 1-2: (Tirane: QSA-IAKSA, 2008), fq. 151-169. Barleti, Marin., Rrethimi і Shkodrës, (përkth. Henrik Laćaj), (Tiranë: Universiteti i Tiranës, 1967). Barth, Fredrik., Introduction, në: Fredrik Barth (red.), Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. (Boston: Little Brown Co, 1969). Bauman, Richard., (1969). Towards a Behavioral Theory of Folklore: A Reply to Roger Welsch. The Journal of American Folklore, 82 (324), 167-170. doi: 10.2307/539077 Bauman, Richard., (1975). Verbal Art as Performance. American Anthropologist, 77(2), new series, fq. 290-3Ո. doi: іо.і525/аа.і975.77.2.02аооозо Bauman, Richard., The field study of folklore in context, në: Richard Dorson (red.), Handbook of American Folk lore, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983). Bell, Diane., Generations: Grandmothers, Mothers and Daughters. (Victoria, Australia: Penguin, 1987).
428 ARBNORA DUSHI Ben-Amos, Dan., (1971). Toward a Definition of Folklore in Context., The Journal ofAmerican Folklore, 84 (331), fq. 3-15. doi: 10.2307/539729 Ben-Amos, Dan., The Idea of Folklore: An Essay, në: Issachar Ben-Ami and Joseph Dan, (red.), Studies in Aggadah and Jewish Folklore, (Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, 1983). Ben-Amos, Dan., (2014). A Definition of Folklore: A Personal Narrative. Estudis de Literatura Oral Popular 3,, fq. 9-28. https://repository.uperm.edu/nelc_papers/141 Bendix, Regina., In Search ofAuthenticity - The Forma tion of Folklore Studies, (Madison: University of Wiscon sin Press, 1997). Berger, Peter L. dhe Thomas Luckman., The Social Con struction ofReality, (London: Penguin Books, 1967). Berisha, Anton., Qasje poetikës së letërsisë gojore shqipe, (Prishtinë: Rilindja, 1998). Berisha, Anton., (2017). Letërsia gojore duhet të studio het para së gjithash si art і fjalës, Gjurmime Albanologjike: Folklor dhe Etnologji 47, (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 2017), fq. 191-210. Berisha, Rrustem., Komunikime artistáké të këngës popullore, (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 2006). Berisha, Rrustem et al. (red.), Këngë popullore historike III, (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 2007). Berisha, Rrustem., Ndihmesa e Anton Çettës për punën e Degës së Folklorit, në: Adem Zejnullahu et al. (red.), Anton Çetta, figure poliedrike e kultures shqiptare. (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 20η).
FOLKLORI KUJTESË E PRAKTIKE 429 Biberaj, Élez., Si më ka frymëzuar kënga e poetit të shquar Hamit Aliaj “N’Dardani bjen një tupan”, Bota sot, 15 gusht 2015 http://botasot.info/diaspora/440930/si-me -ka-fiymezuar-r-hamit-aliaj-n-dardani-bj en-nj e-tupan/ [shikuar më: 20 shtator, 2021]. Bido, Ágim., Në Kosově pas luftës, Kultura popullore 12/2000, (Tirane: ASHSH-IKP), fq. Ո9 -137. Blank, Trevor (red.), Folklore and the Internet, (Logan: Utah State University Press, 2009). Bluestein, Gene., Poplore-Folk and Pop in American Cul ture, (Boston: University of Massachusets Press, 1994). Boçi, Sonila., Emigrációm i shqiptarëve nga Kosova drejt shtetit amë 1944 - 1966, në: Menali Krasniqi et.al (red.), Kujtesa kolektive: dëshmi dhe ngjarje (1944-1966), (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 2016) Bogdani, Ramazan., Etnografi I, (Tirane: botimet Toena, 2008) Bogdani, Ramazan., Etnografi II, (Tirane: botimet Toe na, 2009). Bohlman, Philip Vilas., The Study of Folk Music in the Modern World, (Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1988). Boskovic - Stulli, Maja., (1983), Pričanja о životu: Iz problematike suvremenih usmenoknjiževnih vrsta, Um jetnost riječi, XXVII, nr.4., fq. 241-270, https://www.ceeol.com/search/joumal-detail?id=i7 [shikuar më: 23 korrik, 2021] Boyar, Ebru., Ottomans, Turks and the Balkans - Empire Lost, Relations Altered. (London New York: Tauris Academic Studies, 2007).
430 ARBNORA DUSHI Braha, Мегішап., Dasma e Gjakovës e vitit 1969, në: Veprimtaria e Grúas në Lëvizjen kombëtare për çîirim, (Instituti Albanologjik: Prishtirië, 2010). Brestovci, Sadullah., (1970), Burimet tregimtare dhe rëndësia e tyre për Lëvizjen kombëtare shqiptare në Ko։ sovë në fund të shek. XIX dhe në fiilim të shek.XX, Gjurmime albanologjike, 1-2, fq. 269-292, Břonner, Simon J., Explaining Traditions: Folk Behavior in Modern Culture, (University Press of Kentucky, 20u). Bronner, Simon J) 2016. Toward a Definition of Folklore ід Practice. Cultural Analysis 15 (1): fq, 6-27. DOI: https ://d0i.0rg/10.2307/539729 Bronner, Simon J., Folklore: the Basics,· (New York: Routledge, 2017). Brunvand, Jan Harold., The study ofAmerican Folklore, (W W Norton Co Inc: 1968). Buchanan, Donna (red.), Balkan Popular Culture and Ottoman Ecumene, (Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, 2007). Campa, Arthur L, Folklore and History, Western Folk lore 24, no. 1 (1965): 1-5. doi: 10.2307/1498853. Crum, Tom., Is it folklore or history? The answer may be important, në: K.L. Untied (red.), Folklore In All of Us, In All We Do, (Texas: University of North Texas Press, 2006). Çapaliku, Alfred., Bemardin Palaj-Jeta dhe veprat, (Shkodër: At Gjergj Fishta, 1999). Carr, Edward Hallett., What is History?, (London: Pen guin, 1961).
FOLKLORI KUJTESË E PRAKTIKE 431 Çetta, Anton., (red.), Balada dhe Legjenda, (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 1974). Çetta, Anton, (1975) Për një ndarje më të piote të prozës popullore, Gjurmime albanologjike, folklor dhe etnologji III-1973, % 68-84. Çetta, Anton., (red.), Кёпдё kreshnike I, (Prishtinë: Insti tuti Albanologjik, 1974). Çetta, Anton., (red.), Penalla I, (Prishtinë: Instituti Alba nologjik, 1979). Çetta, Anton., (red.), Penalla II, (Prishtinë: Instituti Alba nologjik, 1982). Çetta, Anton dhe Anton Berisha., (red). Vajtime, gjamë dhe elegji, (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 1987). Çetta, Anton et al., (red.), Кёпдё kreshnike III, (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 1993). Çetta, Anton., (red.), Nga folklori ynë III: Pleqëni dhe tre gime etnografke, Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 1995). Çetta, Anton., (red.), Nga folklori ynë IV, (Prishtinë: In stituti Albanologjik, 2000). Çetta, Anton., (red.). Nga folklori ynë V, (Prishtinë: In stituti Albanologjik, 2001). Çetta, Anton., Disa të dhëna mbi studimin strukturál të balades shqipe, në: Anton Çetta figure poliedrike e kul tures shqiptare, (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 20u) Çetta, Anton., Vrasja e Mehmet Ali Pashës në Gjakovë në këngët tona popullore, Kerkime folklorike, (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 2020), fq. 215-228.
432 ARBNORA DUSHI Chang, Heewon., Autoethnography as method, (New York: Routledge, 2016). Cirrincione, Angela, (red.), Át Bernardin Pałaj, Vepra, vëllimi I, përkth. W. Kamsi, (Shkodër: Botime Françeskane, 2015), Creasy, Sir Edward Shepherd, History of the Ottoman Turks : from the beginning of their empire to the present time, (London: Henry Holt and Company, 1878), https://archive.org/details/historyofottomanoocreauoft/ page/n7/mode/2up [shikuar më: 22 mars 2021] Dançetoviq, Vojisllav S. et a.l, (red.), Kange popullore shqiptare të Kosovë-Metohis, (Prishtinë: Mustafa Bakija, 1953)· Davis, Fred., Yearning for yesterday: A sociology of nos talgia, (New York: Free Press, 1979). Dawkins, Richard., The Selfish Gene, (Oxford University Press, 1976). Dégh, Linda, Narratives in Society: A Performer-Centered Study of Narration, (Helsinki: Academia Scientarum Fennica, 1995). Delié, Simona., (2000). The Paradox of the “Familial Element” in the Oral ballad: The experience of Conflict, Narodna umjetnost - Hrvatski časopis za etnologiju і folkloristiku, 31/1, fq. 21-42. doi: 10.И63/187633312Х642103 Dobruna, Alban, Ahmet Koronka në Lidhjen shqiptare të Prízrenit, (Prishtinë: Instituti і Historisë, 2020). Doja, Albert., (2014). The Beautiful Blue Danube and the Accursed Black Mountain Wreath: German and Austrian
FOLKLORI KUJTESË E PRAKTIKE 433 Kulturpolitik of Knowledge on Southeast Europe and Al bania. Soziale Welt, 65(3), 317-343. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24754671 [shikuar më: 30 qershor 2021] Doja, Albert., Shfaqja e Antropologjisë në Shqipëri, (Ti rane: Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë, 2018). Dolby Stahl, Sandra., Literary Folkloristics and the Per sonal Narrative, (Bloomington: Indiana University Pres, 1989). Doli, Krenar., Ceremoniali і dasmës në qytetin e Gjakovës, (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 2015). Doniger, W. (2006). Buddhism, Në: Britannica Encyclo pedia of World Religions, (153). (Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica). Doniger, W. (2006). Greek Religion. Në: Britannica Encyclopedia of World Religions, (392). (Chicago, IL: En cyclopedia Britannica). Donnan, Hastings, Thomas M. Wilson., Nation, State and Identity at International Borders, në: Th. M. Wilson, H. Donnan (red.), Border Identities: Nation and State at International Frontiers. (Cambridge University Press 1998). Dorson, Richard M., American Folklore, (Chicago Uni versity Press, 1959). Dorson, Richard. M., (1963). Current Folklore Theories. Current Anthropology, 4(1), fq. 93-սշ. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2739820 [shikuar më: 24 qer shor 2021].
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CONCLUSION The scholarly book titled Folklore as memory and practice: A new cognitive perspective of folkloristics puts memory and practice into the context of the study of folklore. In fact, within these two temporal concepts, which can be referred to as the past and the present, or in another sense as tradition and custom, are put under a new lens. Approaching folklore from other angles offers a new cognitive perspective for folkloristics. In five chapters, this book moves from theoretical re ference approaches and evidence to empirical experiences and practices from the field. To testify to the theoretical support and to justify this approach to folkloristics in general - and to Albanian folkloristic in particular - the first chapter, we first refer to the challenges of the discipline of folklore, with examples from European and world practice, in the face of paradigm shifts during the second half of the twen tieth century and onwards. Major social movements and technological developments, which have resulted in changes to forms of communication, have also influenced the mo vement of the boundaries of the definition of human ex pressive activities, part of which is folklore. Undoubtedly this has also been reflected in the frontiers of folkloristics as a science for the study of folklore.
420 ARBNORA DUSHI American and European folklorists have been faced with such challenges while seeing the traditional definition of folklore as insufficient for capturing the whole material. On the one hand, they face resistance to close the discipline in museums. On the other, they have chosen to modify, expand, and enrich it, which creates new forms of expre ssion. The Internet, as well as written creations, informal and non-school, in addition to the culture of young people, have been accepted as research subjects within the domain of folkloristics, on the grounds that such forms mark evo lutions of the way folklore is expressed, influenced by new circumstances of living. Such approaches, although still con sidered advanced for Albanian folklorists, who have worked within the contours of the classical definition of folklore for decades, have begun to emerge in some of the new research of Albanian folklorists. The connection with other discipli nes, such as ethnology, social and cultural anthropology, and methods such as oral history, are giving new dimensions to Albanian folklore, moving it more and more away from the philological approach, which has prevailed in studies of Albanian folklore. The practice and study of folklore with examples from local research methodologies that permeate the history of Albanian folklore, are an integral and at the same time ending part of this chapter. By opening new paths of research into Albanian folklore, a different approach to other perspectives beyond those that are known so far emer ge. They also illuminate other aspects of
folklore research methodology that broaden the horizons of research. From a general and theoretical point of view, as in the first chapter, the study of folklore in the following chapter begins to become more concrete in its treatment of certain kinds of narratives, such as memory and oral history. The
FOLKLORI KUJTESË E PRAKTIKE 421 theoretical background for the treatment of the narrative genre of the narration of personal experiences as well as the interrelationships of folklore with oral history are necessary data in this chapter. The elaboration of these categories and the detailed breakdown of these issues are done to facilitate the understanding of the empirical experiences and field practices that follow in the following chapters. The view of folklore as a memory becomes concrete in the third and fourth chapters. Three perspectives on the topic of the border with Albania explore the perspective of feelings (those longing for the homeland); that of intergenerational memory; as well as the personal point of view from the auto-ethnographic perspective. Modeled according to the genre of personal narrative, which permeates all the material of the third chapter, the memory of the border is composed of the perspective of personal experiences of ge nerations who have experienced it and those of subsequent generations, who continued to carry the burden of family experience pain caused from this political border. Oral prose as an integral part of the folklore genres, with its connection to historical topics such as the political border with Albania and the consequences that this border left on the lives of border residents, in addition to integrating the method of oral history in research folklore and the integration of me mory studies, opens up opportunities for new perspectives on folklore. It can easily contribute to illuminating aspects of collective memory, social
history and other studies of the humanities. Another genre of folklore, oral poetry, namely ballads and folk songs, contributes to the opening up of memory aspects. Taking into account six items from Albanian folk lore, each in itself constitutes a study in the fourth chapter.
422 ARBNORA DUSHI In combination with personal memory, which is also the starting point for the research of almost each of these units, ballads and folk songs offer new perspectives when viewed through the lens of memory studies, illuminating events from our historical past. Thanks to the new research me thods that see every folklore creation as a text, context, and texture in its entirety of performance, new possibilities for the deconstruction of these creations from the past are open. Because of the processes of memory, both personal and collective, those of rhapsodists and folk singers, along with the repetitive formulas that helped it, played the role of archive without recording technology. From the ballad of immurement to that of the brother that recognizes his sister, with four folk songs from the historical epic between them, all six treatments complement the folklore fund as a me mory, in addition to those of the personal narrative from the previous chapter. They all focus on heritage, tradition, and the past, with folklore as its strongest side. There were many folklorists who thought that there is no folklore without tradition, but the most avant-garde were the others who ca me later and see folklore in communication, in practice, in everyday life, and not necessarily with the traditional ele ment in its composition. Folklore is alive, it is around us, it is in all that we do every day, it is our knowledge and our perception of the cul ture that we receive and give, carry and create by commu nicating with others. We create folklore depending on the
circumstances, just as those who lived before us created it and passed it on to us. We create it even these days in the new changed circumstances of living conditions, which we experience at the same time all the people of this globe. As never before, the coronavirus pandemic made us part of a
FOLKLORI KUJTESË E PRAKTIKE 423 global community, influencing the folklore created on the Internet and on social networks to have the same theme and the same perception. The memes that circulate on the In ternet, with the theme of the pandemic received global attention and spread without restriction. Many producers also have local memes about the pandemic and isolation theme imposed on us by months of quarantine. Folklore is not just a memory, because it is also our daily practice. It is a recurring habit but do not think about it. Creating folklore in a practical context with the latest article dealing with new practices of creating folklore in the circumstances of qua rantine and global trends of its registration, constitute the fifth and final chapter of this book. Conceived according to a structure that goes from the general to the specific, and then stops at each specific in particular, this book is a test to see Albanian folklore from a freer and more open perspective. By expanding the boun daries of the traditional definition of Albanian folklore, in this case the oral production on the Internet and social net works, as well as the possibilities of technology for recor ding and preserving artistic heritage (YouTube) provide rich material for this analysis, Albanian folklore tends to be seen according to the trends of studies done on this subject in various schools and folklore programs around the world. Open to other humanities, in addition to oral history, Alba nian folklore in this book gains a new perspective by ma king efforts to find its place within the
domain of advanced humanities programs.
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PERM BÁJTJA Paraf) ale.;. .v.:. n I. Përqasje ndaj problematikave hulumtuese. 17 Hyrje. 19 Sfidat e disiplinës së folkloristikës në përballje me ndërrimin e paradigmes. .23 Sprovat e autenticitetit e të elementit tradicional dhe çështjet që derivojnë prej tyre. .33 Dimensionet e kujtesës nga prizmi i folklorit, historisë gojore dhe autoetnografisë. . .48 Praktika lokale e studimit të folklorit: historiku dhe metodologjia e hulumtimit. . .65 II. Rrëfimi dhe kujtesa në kontekstin e folkloristikës e të historisë gojore. . 91 II.i. Sfondi teorik për trajtimin e zhanrit narrativ të të rrëfyerit të përvojave personale në folkloristike. 93
6 ARBNORA DUSHI 11.2. Folklori dhe historia gojore në raporte ndërlidhëse. .117 III. Triptik ose tri këndvështrime rreth një teme: kujtesa për kufìrin me Shqipërinë. 135 Піл. Kufìri і transmodeluar në mall për atdheun e munguar. 137 111.2. Kujtimet për kufirin nga perspektiva e kujtesës ndërbreznore. 157 111.3. Nga kujtimet për kufirin tek përvoja me kufirin: një perspektivě autoetnografike. 181 IV. Balada dhe kënga popullore ndërmjet kujtesës personale dhe kujtesës kolektive.207 IV.i. Balada e murimit në traditat gojore të Ballkanit: çështja e origjinës nën dritën e disa interpretimeve. 209 IV.2. Maxharr pasha ndërmjet kujtesës personale dhe kujtesës kolektive. 229 IV.3. Kënga e Halit Gashit: performancat paralele të interpretimit në zhanrin e muzikes popullore dhe popullarizuese.257 IV.4. Balada popullore si kujtesë kolektive: Halili e Hajrija. 281 IV.5. Kënga për Krushqit e ngrirë të Dardanisë: konteksti і receptimit dhe jehona e kujtesës.299
FOLKLORI KUJTESË E PRAKTIKE 7 IV. 6. Kompleksitet! i raportit motër-vëlla: një vështrim antropolojik mbi variantei e një balade shqiptare. 321 V. Folklori e folkloristika në kontekst praktik. 337 V.ı. Reflektimi i rrethanave politike në komunikimin dhe kontaktet e folkloristëve shqiptare para dhe pas viteve ’90: kujtesa publike në kontekst praktik. 339 V.2. Bernardin Pałaj dhe Elias Lönnrot: krahasime mbi praktikat e regjistrimit dhe të botimit të epikës.359 V.3. Praktika e të krijuarit të folklorit ndërmjet mbijetesës dhe transformimit. 377 V.4. Folklori і pandemisë: praktikat e reja të krijimit të folklorit në rrethana karantinimi dhe trendet globale të regjistrimit të tij. 395 Përftindim. 413 Conlusion.4x9 Referencat bibliografike. 425
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FOLKLORI KUJTESË E PRAKTIKE 453 Rapper, Gilles de., Fotografia dhe kujtesa. Çështje mbi trashëgiminë vizuale të Shqipërisë komuniste, në: Jordla Godole, Idrit Idrizi (red.) .Mes apatisë dhe nostalgjisë. Kujtesa private dhe publike e komunizmit në Shqipërinë e sotme, (Tirane: IDMC, 2019). fflialshs-o2O479440 Reese, William L., (2006). Pantheism. Në: Britannica Encyclopedia of World Religions, (839). (Chicago, IL: En cyclopedia Britannica). Rexha, Zekeria., Kange popullore shqiptare të KosovëMetohis, (Prishtinë: Sh.B. Mustafa Bakija, 1951). Richmond, W. Edson., Ballad scholarship: An annotated bibliography, (New York: Garland, 1989) Rizvanolli, Masar., (1992). Vrasja e Ali Pashë Magjarit sipas burimeve britanike, Gjurmime Albanologjike, seria e shkencave historike 21/1991. (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik), fq. 69 ֊ 93. Rizvanolli, Masar., (1994). Dështimi i misionit të Ali Pashës, Buletin і FakultetitFilozofikXXII/1992. (Prishtinë: Universiteti і Prishtinës). Rizvanolli, Masar., (2005). Mehmet Ali Pasha dhe shqiptarët, Vjetar XXXIII-XXXIV. (Prishtinë: Arkivi і Kosovës). Roth, Klaus., (red.), Changing Paradigms-Тһе State of Etnological Sciences in Southeast Europe, Etimologia Balkanka 17, (Berlin: Lit Verlag, 2015). Rubin, David C, Memory in Oral Tradition - The Cog nitive Psychology of Epic, Ballads, and Counting-out Rhy mes, (New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995)
454 ARBNORA DUSHI Rubin, David C., (red.), Remembering our past: Studies in autobiographical memory, (Cambridge: Cambridge University press, 1996). Rrahmani, Kujtim., Në kërkim të zërit: folklori në aven turen e komunikimit, në: Albanologji 5/2(2014), fq. 67-78. (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 2015). Sadilcu, Albin., RoĶfimksioni dhe përdorimi і sharkisë në Kosově, (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 2020). Sako, Zihni., Studíme për Folklorin, [Tirane; ASHe RPSЅН, IKP, 1984]. Scaldarmi, Nicola et. al., (red.), Wild Songs, Sweet Songs, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2021). Schmidt, Oliver James., Kosova - histori e shkurtër e një treve qendrore ballkanike, përkth. Enver Robelli, (Prishtinë: Koha, 2012). Sedikides,Constantine., Wildschut,R. and Baden,Denise, Nostalgia: conceptual issues and existential functions, në: Jeff Greenberg, et.al. (red), qf Experimental Existential Psychology. (New York: Guildford Press, 2004). Selimi, Ndoc., ‘Në gjurmë të kanges popullore Tryni era u çel taraba’”, http://www.radiandradi.com/ne-gjurmete-kanges-popullore-fŕyni-era-e֊u-cel-taraba-nga-ndocselimi/ [shikuar më: 27 korrik, 2020], Shai, Donna., (1976). A Kurdish Jewish Variant of the Ba llad of “The Bridge of Arta”. AJS Review, 1, fq. 303-310. doi: 10.1017/S0364009400000143 Shala, Demush., (1975), Ca të dhëna biografike dhe gjeneza e këngës së Halit Gashit, Gjurmime albanologjike, Folklor dhe Etnologji, 5/1975, fq. 171-186.
FOLKLORI KUJTESË E PRAKTIKE 455 Shala, Demush., МЫ Epiken popullore historike, (Prishtinë: Rilindja, 1982). Shala, Demush., Letërsia popullore, (Prishtinë: ETMM і KSAK, 1988). Shita, Vehap., Zekeria Rexha, Patriot, humanist, intelek tuál emotiv, (Prishtinë: Gutenberg, 2007). Sims, Martha, M. Stephens., Living Folklore: An Introdu ction to the Study of People and Their Traditions, (Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press, 2005). Sinani, Shaban., Pengu і moskuptimit, (Tiranë: Extra, 1997)· Sinani, Shaban., Kosova në Shqipëri - shpërngulje dhe rikthim, në: Kultura popullore 1-2/1999, (Tiranë: ASHSHIKP), fq. 153 ֊ ΐ73· Sinani, Shaban., Ura dhë kështjella, (Tiranë: Argeta-LMG, 2006). Skendi, Stavro., Poezia epike gojore e shqiptarëve dhe sllavëve të jugut, përkth. Xhevat Uoshi. (Tiranë: IDK, 2007). Smith, Anthony., Nations and Nationalism in a Global Era, (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995). Snyder Bob., Music and Memory, (Cambridge: Massa chusetts Institute of Technology, 2001). Šrimpf, Katarina., (2014), Creating "The Other” through the Narrative Tradition in the Slovenian-Croatian Border Area of Upper Obsotelje, Slovak Ethnology 2: fq. 197-208. Starr, Louis., Oral History: How and Why It Was Bom, në Dunaway dhe Baum (red.), Oral History An Interdisiplinary Anthology, (Playmouth: AltaMira Press, 1996).
456 ARBNORA DUSHI Storey, John., Inventing Popular Culture - From Folklore to Globalization, (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003). Sugarman, Jane., The Criminal of Albanian Music: Alba nian Commercial Folk Music and Issues of Identity since 1990, në: Donna Buchanan (red.), Balkan Popular Culture and Ottoman Ecumene, (Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, 2007). Syla, Fazii,. Poezia popullore shqiptare e kaçakëve, (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 1982). Syla, Fazii et.al. (red.), Njëzet vjet të Institutit Albano logjik (1967-1987), (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 1987) Syla, Fazii et al. (red). Кёпдё popullore historike II, (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 2007). Thompson, Paul., The Voice of the Past, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000). Thomson, A., (2007). Four Paradigm Transformations in Oral History. The Oral History Review, 34(1), fq. 49-70. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4495417 [shikuar më: 14 shtator, 2020]. Tirta, Mark., Mitologjia ndër shqiptarë, (Tiranë: Akade mia e Shkencave e Shqipěri2004). Toelken, Barre., (1998) The End of Folklore. The 1998 Archer Taylor Memorial Lecture, Western Folklore 57, no. 2/3 (1998): fq. 81-101. doiao.2307/1500214. Uçi, Alfred., Estetika e Folklorit, (Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë, Tirane 2007). Vansina, Jan., Oral Tradition as History, (Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1985).
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458 ARBNORA DUSHI Whiting, Bartlett Jere., Traditional British ballads, (New York: Appleton-Century Crofts, 1955) Wilson, Th. M. Hasting Donnan., Nation, state and identity at international borders’ në: Wilson Donnan (red.) Border Identities-Nation and State at International Frontiers, (Cambridge University Press, 2004). Wilson, William., Folklore and Nationalism in Modem Finland, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1976). Winter, Jay., (2010). Sites of Memory., në: Radstone S. dhe Schwarz В. Memory: Histories, Theories, Debates, fq. 312-324. (New York: Fordham University Press). http://www.jstor.0rg/stable/j.ctt1c999bq.25 [shikuar më: íomaj, 2021]. Wolf-Knuts, Ulrika, МЫ historinë e krahasimit në studimet e folklorit, në: Folkloristike: koncepte modeme, (përkth; A. Dushi), (Pejë: Dukagjini, 2006). Wolf-Knuts, Ulrika., (2013), Folklori si fiiqi e të pafiiqishmëve: teorite dhe metodai e studimit në folkloristikën finlandeze, (përkth: A. Dushi), Gjurmime Albanologjike, seria folklor dhe etnologji, 43/2013, fq. 12-25. Xhagolli, Agron., Klasifikimi і prozës popullore shqiptare, (Tirane: Botime Dudaj, 1991) Zartman, William., Identity, Movement and Response, në: Zartman W. (red.), Understanding Life in the Border lands: Boundaries in Depth and in Motions. (London: Uni versity of Georgia Press, 2010). Zejnullahu, Adem., Krijimtaria gojore dhe proza e shkruar shqiptare në Jugosllavi, (Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 1987).
FOLKLORI KUJTESË E PRAKTIKE 459 Zejmillahu Adem et al. (red.), Кёпдё popullore historike TV, Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik, 2007). Zemon Davis, Natali., Who owns history, në: Anne Olli la (red.), Historical Perspectives on Memory, [Helsinki, Finnish Historical Society, 1999]. Zimmerman, Zora Devrnja., Moral Vision in the Serbian Folk Epic: The Foundation Sacrifice of Skadar, The Slavic and East European Journal, voi. 23, no.3,1979, (Autumn, 1979), fq. 371-380). Zheji, Gjergj., Folklori shqiptar, (Tirane: Argeta LMG, 1998). Zhurzhenko, Tatiana., Borders and Memory, në: WastlWalter, Doris (red.), TheAshgate Research Companion to Border Studies, (Abingdon: Routledge, 20u) (¡ Bayerische Staatsbibliothe München
CONCLUSION The scholarly book titled "Folklore as memory and practice: A new cognitive perspective of folkloristics" puts memory and practice into the context of the study of folklore. In fact, within these two temporal concepts, which can be referred to as the past and the present, or in another sense as tradition and custom, are put under a new lens. Approaching folklore from other angles offers a new cognitive perspective for folkloristics. In five chapters, this book moves from theoretical re ference approaches and evidence to empirical experiences and practices from the field. To testify to the theoretical support and to justify this approach to folkloristics in general - and to Albanian folkloristic in particular - the first chapter, we first refer to the challenges of the discipline of folklore, with examples from European and world practice, in the face of paradigm shifts during the second half of the twen tieth century and onwards. Major social movements and technological developments, which have resulted in changes to forms of communication, have also influenced the mo vement of the boundaries of the definition of human ex pressive activities, part of which is folklore. Undoubtedly this has also been reflected in the frontiers of folkloristics as a science for the study of folklore.
420 ARBNORA DUSHI American and European folklorists have been faced with such challenges while seeing the traditional definition of folklore as insufficient for capturing the whole material. On the one hand, they face resistance to close the discipline in museums. On the other, they have chosen to modify, expand, and enrich it, which creates new forms of expre ssion. The Internet, as well as written creations, informal and non-school, in addition to the culture of young people, have been accepted as research subjects within the domain of folkloristics, on the grounds that such forms mark evo lutions of the way folklore is expressed, influenced by new circumstances of living. Such approaches, although still con sidered advanced for Albanian folklorists, who have worked within the contours of the classical definition of folklore for decades, have begun to emerge in some of the new research of Albanian folklorists. The connection with other discipli nes, such as ethnology, social and cultural anthropology, and methods such as oral history, are giving new dimensions to Albanian folklore, moving it more and more away from the philological approach, which has prevailed in studies of Albanian folklore. The practice and study of folklore with examples from local research methodologies that permeate the history of Albanian folklore, are an integral and at the same time ending part of this chapter. By opening new paths of research into Albanian folklore, a different approach to other perspectives beyond those that are known so far emer ge. They also illuminate other aspects of
folklore research methodology that broaden the horizons of research. From a general and theoretical point of view, as in the first chapter, the study of folklore in the following chapter begins to become more concrete in its treatment of certain kinds of narratives, such as memory and oral history. The
FOLKLORI KUJTESË E PRAKTIKE 421 theoretical background for the treatment of the narrative genre of the narration of personal experiences as well as the interrelationships of folklore with oral history are necessary data in this chapter. The elaboration of these categories and the detailed breakdown of these issues are done to facilitate the understanding of the empirical experiences and field practices that follow in the following chapters. The view of folklore as a memory becomes concrete in the third and fourth chapters. Three perspectives on the topic of the border with Albania explore the perspective of feelings (those longing for the homeland); that of intergenerational memory; as well as the personal point of view from the auto-ethnographic perspective. Modeled according to the genre of personal narrative, which permeates all the material of the third chapter, the memory of the border is composed of the perspective of personal experiences of ge nerations who have experienced it and those of subsequent generations, who continued to carry the burden of family experience pain caused from this political border. Oral prose as an integral part of the folklore genres, with its connection to historical topics such as the political border with Albania and the consequences that this border left on the lives of border residents, in addition to integrating the method of oral history in research folklore and the integration of me mory studies, opens up opportunities for new perspectives on folklore. It can easily contribute to illuminating aspects of collective memory, social
history and other studies of the humanities. Another genre of folklore, oral poetry, namely ballads and folk songs, contributes to the opening up of memory aspects. Taking into account six items from Albanian folk lore, each in itself constitutes a study in the fourth chapter.
422 ARBNORA DUSHI In combination with personal memory, which is also the starting point for the research of almost each of these units, ballads and folk songs offer new perspectives when viewed through the lens of memory studies, illuminating events from our historical past. Thanks to the new research me thods that see every folklore creation as a text, context, and texture in its entirety of performance, new possibilities for the deconstruction of these creations from the past are open. Because of the processes of memory, both personal and collective, those of rhapsodists and folk singers, along with the repetitive formulas that helped it, played the role of archive without recording technology. From the ballad of immurement to that of the brother that recognizes his sister, with four folk songs from the historical epic between them, all six treatments complement the folklore fund as a me mory, in addition to those of the personal narrative from the previous chapter. They all focus on heritage, tradition, and the past, with folklore as its strongest side. There were many folklorists who thought that there is no folklore without tradition, but the most avant-garde were the others who ca me later and see folklore in communication, in practice, in everyday life, and not necessarily with the traditional ele ment in its composition. Folklore is alive, it is around us, it is in all that we do every day, it is our knowledge and our perception of the cul ture that we receive and give, carry and create by commu nicating with others. We create folklore depending on the
circumstances, just as those who lived before us created it and passed it on to us. We create it even these days in the new changed circumstances of living conditions, which we experience at the same time all the people of this globe. As never before, the coronavirus pandemic made us part of a
FOLKLORI KUJTESË E PRAKTIKE 423 global community, influencing the folklore created on the Internet and on social networks to have the same theme and the same perception. The memes that circulate on the In ternet, with the theme of the pandemic received global attention and spread without restriction. Many producers also have local memes about the pandemic and isolation theme imposed on us by months of quarantine. Folklore is not just a memory, because it is also our daily practice. It is a recurring habit but do not think about it. Creating folklore in a practical context with the latest article dealing with new practices of creating folklore in the circumstances of qua rantine and global trends of its registration, constitute the fifth and final chapter of this book. Conceived according to a structure that goes from the general to the specific, and then stops at each specific in particular, this book is a test to see Albanian folklore from a freer and more open perspective. By expanding the boun daries of the traditional definition of Albanian folklore, in this case the oral production on the Internet and social net works, as well as the possibilities of technology for recor ding and preserving artistic heritage (YouTube) provide rich material for this analysis, Albanian folklore tends to be seen according to the trends of studies done on this subject in various schools and folklore programs around the world. Open to other humanities, in addition to oral history, Alba nian folklore in this book gains a new perspective by ma king efforts to find its place within the
domain of advanced humanities programs. |
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| genre | (DE-588)4133254-4 Erlebnisbericht gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Erlebnisbericht |
| geographic | Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Kosovo |
| id | DE-604.BV047885813 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T19:24:25Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:24:13Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789951241366 |
| language | Albanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033268034 |
| oclc_num | 1304479205 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 459 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts 20 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220317 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Instituti Albanologjik |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Dushi, Arbnora 1972- Verfasser (DE-588)140562338 aut Folklori: kujtesë e praktikë një perspektivë e re njohëse për folkloristikën = Folklore as memory and practice : a new cognitive perspective of folkloristics Arbnora Dushi Folklore as memory and practice Prishtinë Instituti Albanologjik 2021 459 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts 20 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Volkskultur (DE-588)4063849-2 gnd rswk-swf Erinnerung (DE-588)4015272-8 gnd rswk-swf Brauch (DE-588)4008017-1 gnd rswk-swf Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd rswk-swf Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4133254-4 Erlebnisbericht gnd-content Kosovo (DE-588)4032571-4 g Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 s Volkskultur (DE-588)4063849-2 s Brauch (DE-588)4008017-1 s Erinnerung (DE-588)4015272-8 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033268034&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033268034&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033268034&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Dushi, Arbnora 1972- Folklori: kujtesë e praktikë një perspektivë e re njohëse për folkloristikën = Folklore as memory and practice : a new cognitive perspective of folkloristics Volkskultur (DE-588)4063849-2 gnd Erinnerung (DE-588)4015272-8 gnd Brauch (DE-588)4008017-1 gnd Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4063849-2 (DE-588)4015272-8 (DE-588)4008017-1 (DE-588)4068517-2 (DE-588)4032571-4 (DE-588)4133254-4 |
| title | Folklori: kujtesë e praktikë një perspektivë e re njohëse për folkloristikën = Folklore as memory and practice : a new cognitive perspective of folkloristics |
| title_alt | Folklore as memory and practice |
| title_auth | Folklori: kujtesë e praktikë një perspektivë e re njohëse për folkloristikën = Folklore as memory and practice : a new cognitive perspective of folkloristics |
| title_exact_search | Folklori: kujtesë e praktikë një perspektivë e re njohëse për folkloristikën = Folklore as memory and practice : a new cognitive perspective of folkloristics |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Folklori: kujtesë e praktikë një perspektivë e re njohëse për folkloristikën = Folklore as memory and practice : a new cognitive perspective of folkloristics |
| title_full | Folklori: kujtesë e praktikë një perspektivë e re njohëse për folkloristikën = Folklore as memory and practice : a new cognitive perspective of folkloristics Arbnora Dushi |
| title_fullStr | Folklori: kujtesë e praktikë një perspektivë e re njohëse për folkloristikën = Folklore as memory and practice : a new cognitive perspective of folkloristics Arbnora Dushi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Folklori: kujtesë e praktikë një perspektivë e re njohëse për folkloristikën = Folklore as memory and practice : a new cognitive perspective of folkloristics Arbnora Dushi |
| title_short | Folklori: kujtesë e praktikë |
| title_sort | folklori kujtese e praktike nje perspektive e re njohese per folkloristiken folklore as memory and practice a new cognitive perspective of folkloristics |
| title_sub | një perspektivë e re njohëse për folkloristikën = Folklore as memory and practice : a new cognitive perspective of folkloristics |
| topic | Volkskultur (DE-588)4063849-2 gnd Erinnerung (DE-588)4015272-8 gnd Brauch (DE-588)4008017-1 gnd Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Volkskultur Erinnerung Brauch Albaner Kosovo Erlebnisbericht |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033268034&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033268034&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033268034&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dushiarbnora folklorikujteseepraktikenjeperspektiveerenjoheseperfolkloristikenfolkloreasmemoryandpracticeanewcognitiveperspectiveoffolkloristics AT dushiarbnora folkloreasmemoryandpractice |