Russia and the world in the Putin era: from theory to reality in Russian global strategy
"This volume examines the role of Russia in the world under President Putin's rule. When the Soviet Union disintegrated after the Cold War, Russia seemingly embarked on the establishment of a democratic political system and seemed intent on joining the liberal international order. However,...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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London ; New York
Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
2022
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| Schriftenreihe: | Routledge global security studies
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "This volume examines the role of Russia in the world under President Putin's rule. When the Soviet Union disintegrated after the Cold War, Russia seemingly embarked on the establishment of a democratic political system and seemed intent on joining the liberal international order. However, under President Putin's rule, there have been dramatic shifts in Russian domestic and foreign policies, in order to re-establish itself as a great power. This book examines broad aspects of Russian political culture and threat perception, such as Russia's reaction to NATO expansion; its information warfare and energy policies; and its policy towards the Global South, especially the Middle East and Africa. The objective of the analyses is to explain the factors that influence Russian foreign policy, and to show how and why Russian relations with the European Union and the United States have deteriorated so rapidly in recent years. The volume introduces an alternative approach to the standard realist perspective, which often underlies existing analyses of Russian policy - namely, the work offers a theoretical perspective that focuses on the Russian sense of identity and on ontological security. This book will be of much interest to students of Russian foreign policy, security studies, and International Relations"-- |
| Beschreibung: | xi, 306 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781032040684 9781032040707 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Russia and the world in the Putin era |b from theory to reality in Russian global strategy |c edited by Roger E. Kanet and Dina Moulioukova |
| 264 | 1 | |a London ; New York |b Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |c 2022 | |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Russia's self-image as a great power / Dina Moulioukova and Roger E. Kanet -- Russian strategic culture and renewed conflict with the West / Roger E. Kanet -- Images and decision-making in foreign policy: the case of Vladimir Putin / Aleksandar Jankovski -- Atlanticism in an age of great power competition: is Russia achieving its goals? / Suzanne Loftus -- The battle of ontological narratives: Russia and the annexation of Crimea / Dina Moulioukova and Roger E. Kanet -- The role of energy in Russian foreign policy / Arsen Gasparyan -- NATO, US grand strategy and the Russian response / Rajan Menon and William Ruger -- The Russian response to U.S. sanctions / Charles E. Ziegler -- A comparison of Soviet and Russian foreign policy: ontological security and policy toward Africa / Roger E. Kanet and Dina Moulioukova -- Russia's expanding role in the Eastern Mediterranean: opportunities and challenges / Nuray Ibryamova -- The new great game: ontological factors in Western and rising powers competition in Venezuela / Dina Moulioukova and Karina Brennan | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "This volume examines the role of Russia in the world under President Putin's rule. When the Soviet Union disintegrated after the Cold War, Russia seemingly embarked on the establishment of a democratic political system and seemed intent on joining the liberal international order. However, under President Putin's rule, there have been dramatic shifts in Russian domestic and foreign policies, in order to re-establish itself as a great power. This book examines broad aspects of Russian political culture and threat perception, such as Russia's reaction to NATO expansion; its information warfare and energy policies; and its policy towards the Global South, especially the Middle East and Africa. The objective of the analyses is to explain the factors that influence Russian foreign policy, and to show how and why Russian relations with the European Union and the United States have deteriorated so rapidly in recent years. The volume introduces an alternative approach to the standard realist perspective, which often underlies existing analyses of Russian policy - namely, the work offers a theoretical perspective that focuses on the Russian sense of identity and on ontological security. This book will be of much interest to students of Russian foreign policy, security studies, and International Relations"-- | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Lisí of contributors Preface Introduction: Russia foreign policy and the return to authoritarian roots vii x 1 ROGER E. KANÉT AND DINA MOULIOUKOVA PART I Sources and tools of Russian foreign policy 1 Russia’s self-image as a great power 9 11 DINA MOULIOUKOVA WITH ROGER E. KANÉT 2 Russian strategic culture and renewed conflict with the west 34 ROGER E. KANÉT 3 Images and decision-making in foreign policy: the case of Vladimir Putin 61 ALEKSANDAR JANKOVSKI 4 Atlanticism in an age of great power competition: is Russia achieving its goals? 92 SUZANNE LOFTUS 5 The battle of ontological narratives: Russia and the annexation of Crimea DINA MOULIOUKOVA WITH ROGER E. KANÉT 115
vi Contents 6 The role of energy in Russian foreign policy 140 ARSEN GASPARYAN PART II The Russian response to U.S. policies 7 NATO, U.S. grand strategy and the Russian response 177 179 RAJAN MENON AND WILLIAM RUGER 8 The politics of sanctions in U.S.-Russia relations 214 CHARLES E. ZIEGLER PART III Russian policy in the developing world 9 A comparison of Soviet and Russian foreign policy: ontological security and policy toward Africa 237 239 ROGER E. KANÉT AND DINA MOULIOUKOVA 10 Russia’s expanding role in the eastern Mediterranean: opportunities and challenges 260 NURAY V. IBRYAMOVA 11 The new great game: ontological factors in western and rising powers’ competition in Venezuela 276 DINA MOULIOUKOVA AND KARINA BRENNAN Conclusion 296 ROGER E. KANÉT AND DINA MOULIOUKOVA Index 298
Index Abe, Shinzo 164, 222 agriculture, self-sufficiency, Russian 14-15, 224, 227, 230n7 Aksakov, Konstantin 18 al Sisi, Abdel Fattah 261, 265, 266 al-Assad, Bashir 86, 160, 264-265 Alexseev, Mikhail 225 Aliyev, Ilham 148, 170n3 Anderson, Paul A. 73-74 Andreyev, Nikolay 243-244 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (2002), U.S. withdrawal 43, 95, 191 Aramco 159 Armenia 46, 97, 146 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) 105, 227 Astana peace process 109, llOnl, 268 Atlanticism 92; great power competition 103-108; challenges 51nn25/26, 95, 100-102, 185, 196, 203, 220-221; principles, Atlantic Charter (1941) 92, 92-93, 93-94; Russian foreign policy, transatlantic relationships 108-109, 110; transatlantic divide: Venezuela 281-283; Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TOP) 100, 112 see also NATO autocratic rule 14, 15-16 Azerbaijan 46, 147-148, 170n5, 197, 269 Bakunin, Mikhail 18, 23 Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) / Baku-TbilisiEizurum, oil pipeline 146, 147-148 Baldwin, David 215-216 Bandera, Stepan 126, 127-128 Beach, Derek 168 Beach, Lee Roy 68-69 Belarus 46, 97, 142-143, 144-145, 145, 146 Berger, Samuel (Sandy) 183-184, 190, 205n8 Biden, Joe 42-43, 49, 102, 263, 267 Bindi, Federiga 281 biographic narrative, biographic continuity 6n4, 13 5nn3/4 biographic narrative, Russia: biographical discourse 11, 22-23, 25; continuity, ruptures 3, 6n5, 14, 19, 25, 26-29, 115, 116, 117-118, 122; and domestic legitimacy (Crimea annexation) 25, 29, 117-121, 122, 126, 127-128, 129, 130-132, 252; great power narrative (see great power)·, Mongol influence 124; Russian-Ukrainian narrative
brotherhood, argument 122-123, 125, 127-128, 129; as savior, defender of freedom 125-126, 132; Soviet time/ Stalin, nostalgia 132-133; West as ontological “other” 130, 131, 132 biographic narrative, Ukraine 122-123, 124-125, 126; as free world defender 125-126; Russian rhetoric on 127-128, 129-130; as Russian state extension, ontological unity hypothesis 123, 128; Russia’s role in 116, 118, 124-125, 128; Russification and Polonization 124; nationalist narrative 124-125, 126, 127; West/Europe as ontological anchor 116, 125, 128-129, 134 Blank, Stephen 37, 162-163 Boulding, Kenneth 61, 62, 64-65 Boym, Svetlana 27, 28 Brennan, Karina 276-295 Brezhnev, Leonid 5, 248-249 BRICS 105, 161, 227 Brodsky, Joseph 120, 123 Brzeziński, Zbigniew 181-182, 205n4
Index Bull, Hedley 61, 70-71, 73, 87 Bush, George H.W 35, 187, 205nl0, 219 Bush, George W. 38, 41, 42, 95, 185, 218-219, 228 CAATSA (2017) 220, 224, 228, 230 Canada 221, 222, 223 Catherine the Great 21, 118, 244 Ceche, Michael 197 Chávez, Hugo 277-278, 279, 281-282, 284, 285, 290 Chechnya conflict 27, 36 “Chekhov’s rifle” principle 78-79 Chemiavsky, Michael 17 China Development Bank 105, 285 China, foreign policies: economic power, global influence/patronage 104, 106, 109, 110; economic/trade pragmatism 100, 283-284, 289; Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence 289; military strength 106, 107; Russian energy diplomacy 162-163; Russian-Chinese cooperation 82, 103-108, 162-163, 204, 226-227; Venezuela 283-287, 289-291; West-East power competition/shift 92, 93,100, 105-106, 245; Western economic dependency 107-108; and Western “liberal interventionism” 94-95, 106 Clarke, Collin 279-280 Clinton, Bill 183-184, 190, 218, 219 Clinton, Hillary 126, 127 Coalition Against NATO Expansion (CANE) 182 Collins, James 188 colonialization, imperial expansion/ identity 14, 15, 19-21, 118, 124, 125 color revolutions 26, 37, 38, 39, 40, 50nnl3/15, 51n21, 96, 130 commodity politics see energy diplomacy, Russian communal nature, Russian society 12, 14, 17-18, 28, 245, 290 Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) (2017) 220, 224, 228, 230 Crimea, history/ontological narrative: 1784, Catherine the Great, conquest 118; 1856, Crimean War, European betrayal 23, 25; 1954, transfer to Ukraine 118-119, 121; post-Soviet secession attempts (1991, 1994) 119; 1991, Autonomous
Republic of 299 Crimea 119; Budapest Memorandum (1994) 98; ethnic make-up/cleansings 118; Russian irredentist narrative, ontological meaning 29, 117-121, 122, 126, 127-128, 129, 130-132, 252 Crimean annexation (2014): Crimea: The Way Home, documentary drama 131-132; Euromaidan, Orange revolution (2014) 98, 115, 116, 127; geostrategic gain 108, 117, 143 {see also Eastern Mediterranean, Russian policies); popularity gain, internal 50nl8, 117, 134; secession referendum (2014) 115, 117; Western narratives 51n21, 104, 125, 126, 128-134; Western sanctions 36-37, 46, 47, 98-99, 168, 222, 225, 252 Cyprus 267-268, 270 Danilevskii, Nikolai 23 David-Fox, Michael 29nl de-dollarization, global economy 227, 228, 230, 231n9 Democratic Peace Theory 94-95 “developing countries” see “Global South” Dima Yakovlev Law 219 Drezner, Daniel 217, 230n2 Eastern Mediterranean, Russian politics 160, 260-271; Cyprus 267-268, 270; Egypt 266-267; energy policy 160, 167, 261-264, 269; Libya, Libyan civil war 263, 264, 267, 270; mediator roles 268; military presence, arms supply 264-266, 267; objectives 260-261; Syria, Syrian civil war 29, 44, 72-73, 76, 84-87,159-160,167, 264-266, 267, 268; Turkey 267, 268-271 Eastern Partnership (EaP), EU program 26, 45-46, 97, 192, 197 EastMed Gas Forum (EMGF) 263 economic sanctions see sanctions, economic Edelman, Eric 183 Egypt 12-13,253,261,263,266-267, 270 energy diplomacy, Russian 140-169, 261-264; Asia, Asia-Pacific region (China, India, Japan, Korea) 161-164, 168; Caspian/Central Asian (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan) 146, 147-151, 152, 162-163, 170n7;
Eastern
300 Index Mediterranean (Cyprus, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Turkey) 160, 167, 261-264; EU energy relationship/dependency 39-40, 152-157, 167, 262-263; Foreign Policy Concept (2016) 155, 163, 165, 262; “gas wars” 39^10, 116, 157, 166, 170n2; Gazprom, Rosneft, Transneft {see Gazprom see Rosneft; Transneft); Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Iran) 157-161, 167; motives, extend, components 140-142, 165-166, 168-169; near abroad region (Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova) 142-146, 152, 168, 262; OPEC 157-159, 167-168; post-Soviet space, influence 142-152, 163, 166; South Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia) 146, 146-147, 147-148, 152, 170n5 Erdoğan, Recep 106, 270 Etzioni, Amitai 69-70 EU extension, as strategic threat 35, 97; 2013: Moldova, Georgia, Armenia 45, 46, 97; Eurasian Economic Union, competition 46, 105, 147, 149, 150, 157, 163, 166, 266; Eastern Partnership (EaP) program 26, 45-46, 105, 97, 147, 149, 150, 157, 163, 166, 192, 297; economic sanctions on Russia 220-221; European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) 26, 39, 45, 97, 297; Ukraine crisis (2014) 97-100 Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) 46, 105, 147, 149, 150, 157, 163, 166, 266 Eurasianism, Eurasianists 22, 23, 245, 290 Euromaidan protests 97-98 Europe and America: the End of the Transatlantic Relationship? (Bindi) 281 European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) 26, 39, 45, 97 European Union see EU Felgenhauer, Pavel 37-38 Fischerkeller, Michael P. 61, 62-64 Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence, China 289 Foreign Policy Concept, Russia (2016) 46, 155, 163, 165, 261 Forsberg, Tuomas 13 Freedom Support Act (1992) 230n5 Frye, Timothy 225 Fukuyama,
Fancis 94 Gaddafi, Muammar see Qaddafi, Muammar “gas wars” (2006, 2009) 39-40, 116, 157, 166, 170n2 Gasparyan, Arsen 140-175 Gazprom: Belarus 145; China 162; Gazprom Kyrgyzstan 147; Gazprom-SOCAR, Azerbaijan 148; Japan 164; Kazakhstan, KazRosGas 149-150, 150, 170n3; Moldova 145, 145-146; pipelines, Nord Stream / Nord Stream II 147, 154, 155, 156, 165-166, 166; Tajikistan 147; Turkmenistan 149; TurkStream 170n2; Ukraine 143; Uzbekistan, UzbekNefteGaz 151; Venezuela 287, 288 Georgia: energy relationship, Russia 146-147, 152; EU relationship/ membership 45, 46, 97; NATO partner/membership 51n21, 96-97, 185, 186, 191-193, 196-199; RussoGeorgian war (2008) 36, 40, 40-41,42, 147, 191, 201, 204 Global South policies: Russia 249-253, 254-255; U.S.S.R 239, 244-247, 248-249, 250, 253-254, 255n9 Gorbachev, Mikhail 119, 187, 188, 189, 205nl0, 240, 247-248 Gore, Al 183, 184 Götz, Elias 6n6, 135n5 Graham, Lindsey 200 Great Patriotic War, World War II 25, 117, 127, 132, 132-133, 133, 136n9 great power image, Russian ontological need of strong leadership 11-29, 29nl; communal society, peasant commune 12, 14, 17-18, 28, 245, 290; economic security, colonization needs 14, 15, 19-20; external threat, internal subjugation 16, 18; historical continuity 12, 15, 16, 18, 27-28; imperial identity 12, 15, 19-21; network nature, “sistema” 14; physical security threats 11-12, 13, 14, 15-16, 18, 19, 21, 24, 29; post-Soviet continuity break 26-29; proprietary politics, patrimonial state 14, 15, 16, 17, 21; routinization 11-12, 14, 16, 18, 25, 242, 243; social construction, memory revision 11-12, 16,
27-28; the West (“Other”), relations 12, 21-26, 27, 3Qnn4/5 see also biographic narrative, Russia
Index great power status: concept 13; understanding, Russia vs West 13 Grin, Aleksandr 121 Grotian tradition / Hugo Grotius 70-72, 73, 81, 82 Guaidó, Juan 276, 278, 279-280, 281, 281-282, 282, 286, 291nl Gunitsky, Seva 50nl4 Gustafson, Thane 169 Hadfield, Amelia 154 Haftar, Khalifa 267, 268, 270 Hale, Henry 225 Hansen, Flemming 25 Hedlund, Stefan 140, 162-163, 165 Herrmann, Richard K. 61, 62-64 Herzen, Alexander 15, 23 Hezbollah 279-280 Hitler, Adolf 122, 126, 136nl0 Hobbesian tradition / Thomas Hobbes 70, 71-72 Holbrooke, Richard 184, 186-187 Hopf, Ted 12-13, 243 Hrushevsky, Mykhailo 124 Huntington, Samuel 84, 88n3 Ibryamova, Nuray V. 260-275 identity: concept 11; national 11; politics 2, 5; self-identity 6n4 see also Russia, identity images and foreign policy strategies: image formation, theory 66-72; beliefs (instrumental, strategic, trajectory) 66-69, 70; central political entities, interaction modes (Hobbesian, Kantian, Grotian theory tradition) 65-66, 70-71, 73, 81, 82; declarative knowledge 67, 67-68; foundational vs derivative images 64, 70-71; goals, plans, tactics 69; image, definition 66; traditional understanding (see International Relation Theory (IRT), images and political strategy); normative-affective (N/А) factors 69-70; principles 66, 69-70; propositions 67; theories, theorizing 66, 68; truth 67, 67-68, 87-88n2 images and foreign policy strategies: Vladimir Putin’s foundational image 74-87; core beliefs: (1) ontological centrality of states 74-76; / (2) centrality of (military) power 76-78; / (3) ЗОЇ multipolarity, strategic power balance stability 78-82;
/ (4) great powers are custodians of international society 82; Grotian tradition, influence 81, 82; Putin’s image of Syrian civil war 84-87; Westphalian principles 74, 80, 84 India 163-164, 224, 228 International Relation Theory (IRT) 62-64, 64-72, 81, 87 International Relation Theory (IRT), images and political strategy: (1) enemy-containment 62; / (2) degenerate-revisionism 62; / (3) colony-intervention 62-63; / (4) imperialist-independent fortress 63; / (5) ally-institutional cooperation 63; image, definition/components 64; image dimensions 62; international interaction scenarios 63-64; misperception 68; theory shortcomings 64-65 Iran 43, 158, 159, 160-161, 217, 218, 221, 230, 268, 279-280 Ivan IV the Terrible 16, 20, 122, 243-244 Ivan the Great / Ivan Grozny 20 Ivanov, Sergei 37 Jankovski, Aleksandar 61-91 Japan 164, 222 Judah, Tim 127-128, 132 Kanét, Roger E. 34-60, 115-139, 239-259, 296-297 Kantian tradition / Immanuel Kant 65-66, 70, 71 Kazakhstan 97, 122, 147-148, 148-149, 149-150, 150, 162 KazMunayGas 149-151, 150, 151 KazRosGas 150 Kazun, Anastasia 225 Kennan, George F. 154, 182 Kertzer, Joshua D. 2, 70 Khmelnytsky, Bohdan 124 Khrushchev, Nikita 16, 118, 121, 122 King Salman 159 Kissinger, Henry 123, 165, 181-182, 182, 205n4 Kofman, Michael 201-202 Kotkin, Stephen 11, 15 Kozyrev, Andrey 26, 188, 189, 243 Krashennikova, Veronica 13 Krauthammer, Charles 190 Kulibaev, Timur 149-150, 170n6
302 Index Laing, Ronald D. 240 Lake, Anthony 183-184 Lavrov, Sergey 45-46, 221, 222, 228, 231n9, 253, 284 Le Figaro 77-78 Leichtova, Magda 13 Leontiev, Konstantin 19, 22 Levada Center 16, 18, 117, 225 Libya, Libyan civil war 87, 161, 263, 264, 267, 270 Likhacheva, Anastasia 226-227 Loftus, Suzanne 92-114 Lough, John 149, 167 Lukashenko, Aleksandr 144, 268 Lukoil 145, 150, 156, 159, 263 Macron, Emmanuel 6nl, 51n24, 102, 105,203-204 Maduro, Nicholas 228, 276, 277-278, 278-279, 280-281, 281, 282, 283, 284, 286, 291, 291nl Magnitsky Act (2012) 4, 214, 219, 221, 224 Magnitsky laws 219, 221, 224 Malaysian airliner MHLÍ crash (2014) 219, 222 Mamedov, Yury 123 Maness, Ryan 152, 163 Matlock, Jack 182, 187 McCain, John 125 McFaul, Michael 44, 205n9 McKinsey Global Institute 251 Mearsheimer, John 144 Medvedev, Dmitry 35, 42, 44-45, 191, 224, 227-228, 250 Membership Action Plan (MAP), NATO 96, 185 Menon, Rajan 179-213 Michael Mandelbaum 182 Mihaylova, Ekaterina 133 Mitzen, Jennifer 24, 241-242, 244-245 Mogherini, Federica 282 Molchanov, Mikhail 45 Moldova 46, 97, 98, 142-143, 144, 145-146 Moldovagaz 145 Mongol tribes, Mongol rule 15, 16-17, 20, 124 Morse, Edward 169 Moulioukova, Dina 11-33, 115-139, 239-259, 276-295 Munich Security Conferences 34, 35, 79, 96, 125, 191, 203 Myers Jaffe, Amy 169 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 146, 148, 268, 269 Namedni (The Other Day) 28 narrative of the self see biographic narrative NATO 92-93, 179; geopolitical competition, Russia-China 103-108; military spending disparities 100, 181, 185-186, 200-201, 200t, 203; postCold War, relevance/dominance 92-93,
179-180; transatlantic values, Atlantic Charter (1941) 92, 93-94; U.S.-Europe, relation 181, 188, 194-195, 203-205, 205nl3; U.S.-Europe, rifts 100-103 NATO enlargement: 1994: Washington Summit, decision 184-185; 1997-1999: Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary 94, 184, 185, 195; 2002-2004: Baltic states, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia 96, 106, 142, 181, 185, 186, 190; 2008-2020: Albania, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia 185; alternatives (pan-European security concepts) 193-195; anti-ballistic missile installation (Poland, Czech Republic) 38, 42, 43, 44, 96; AntiBallistic Missile Treaty (2002), U.S. withdrawal 43, 95, 191; arguments/ NATO proponents for/against 2-3, 96-97, 180-185, 193, 205n2; Coalition Against NATO Expansion (CANE) 182; continuation of, hazards 196-199; as democracy promotion 195; U.S. Committee to Expand NATO 181 NATO expansionism, as strategic threat 26, 38, 94, 97, 154, 166, 189-193, 198-199; Bucharest summit (2008), Putin speech 96, 185,192,198; George F. Kennan, William Perry warnings (1997) 182-183; Munich Security Conference (2007), Putin speech 34, 96, 191; Primakov evaluation (1993) 189-190; Yeltsin/Kozyrev critique (1993) 189, 190; Yugoslavia intervention 35, 38-39, 94, 191 NATO-Russia relationship, failure/turn 26, 92, 93-94, 95-96, 189-192; geopolitical competition, Russia-China cooperation 105-108,
Index 196; NATO-Russia Council (2002) 95, 96; NATO-Russia Founding Act (1997) 92, 94; Russia as threat, NATO perception 100-103; Russian membership aspiration, Partnership for Peace (PfP) 183, 187, 190, 295nl0; Russian soft power, media/political influence 109, 202; Russian transactional neutrality tactic 108-109; Russia’s comparable weakness (economic, military, social) 190, 191, 195, 199-200, 200t, 201-202, 202-203; Russo-Georgian war (2008) 96-97; Ukraine/Crimea crisis 97-100, 192 Navalny, Alexei 221, 223 network state, Russia 14, 259, 288 Neumann, Iver В. 24 new Cold War 35, 47-48, 154 New Development Bank (NDB) 105, 227 New START Treaty (2010) 42 Nord Stream / Nord Stream II 154, 156, 221, 230 North Atlantic Treaty Organization see NATO nostalgia 27-28, 132 Novatek 160, 164, 226, 263 Nygren, Bertil 142, 145, 148 Olivier, Gerrit 251-252 ontological security: anxiety 24, 29n2, 240, 242; biographic continuity 242; convergence of ontological narratives 244-245; definition, concept 6n3, 29n2, 240-242; ontological awareness 11, 13, 20; ontological awareness vs self-identity 135n5; and physical security needs 15-16 ontological security, Russian state behavior: alliance formation 240, 245; anxiety vs security, policy making consequences 24, 29n2, 240, 242, 244; China 245; collective memory, state as custodian 12; conflict behavior as identity 245; extemal/internal aspects 241-242; habitual perception and decision making 241, 242; national: social construction, routinization, threats 11-12, 29nl; physical security needs 11-12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 21, 24, 29; routinization 11-12,
14, 16, 18, 25, 242, 243; Russian Eurasianism 22, 23, 303 245, 290; Russian Global South politics 249-253, 254-255; Russian/ Soviet great power identity 243-244; Soviet Global South politics, allyship 239-240, 244-247, 248-249, 250, 253-254, 255n9 see also biographic narrative·, great power image, Russian ontological need of strong leadership Onuf, Nicholas 73 OPEC 157-159, 167-168 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries see OPEC Oushakine, Serguei Alex 28 pan-European security order, concept 188, 193-195 Panslavism 23 Parfenov, Leonid 28 Partnership for Peace (PfP) 41, 93-94, 183, 184, 187 patrimonial state/ruler 14, 15, 16, 17, 21 Pavlovsky, Gleb 14 PDVSA (Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A.) 279, 285-286, 288, 291 Pence, Mike 196 Perry, William 182-183, 184 Peter the Great 16, 21, 22, 24, 244-245 physical security needs 11-12, 13, 14, 15-16, 18, 19, 21, 24, 29 Pipes, Richard 13-14, 15, 16, 17-18, 20, 29-30n3, 182 politicization of history 3, 115, 12 Pompeo, Michael R. 196, 276, 279 Popescu, Nicu 147 Poroshenko, Petro 125, 125-126, 128- 129, 129 Posen, Barry 198 Primakov, Evgeny 13, 50n7, 81, 142, 161, 189-190, 243, 296 private property-political power relationship, Russia vs West 17 Pushkov, Alexey 148 Putin, Vladimir: “civilizational turn” and Eurasian Union 44 46; Crimea/ Ukraine, ontological narratives, annexation 121, 123, 126, 127, 129-131, 132, 134, 135n8; Donald J. Trump 48-49, 49֊50n5, 220, 221; energy diplomacy 140-141, 144, 145, 148, 149, 151, 153, 156-162, 164, 167, 169; foreign policy, internal factors for 11, 44, 48; Global South, interest shift 250-251;
great power, ontological
304 Index narrative 18-19, 27, 29, 29η 1, 34, 35-36, 47, 108, 296; ΝΑΤΟenlargement 190, 191, 192, 193 (see also NATO expansionism, as strategic threat); Russia-NATÓ relationship 190; Russia-Western relations 38-42, 44-45, 47-48, 95, 96; (see aho EU extension, as strategic threat); sanctions, response 223-226 Putin, Vladimir, foundational image and foreign policy strategies 74-87; core beliefs: (1) ontological centrality of states 74-76, 88n3 / (2) centrality of (military) power 76-78 / (3) multipolarity, strategic power balance stability 78-82 / (4) great powers are custodians of international society 82; Grotian tradition, influence 81, 82; Putin’s image of Syrian civil war 84-87; Westphalian principles 74, 80, 84 Qaddafi, Muammar 43-44, 87, 148, 260, 264,266 Raab, Dominic 221-222 Rasmussen, Anders Fogh 157, 199 Reagan, Ronald 248 Roe, Paul 24, 241 Romaniuk, Mihailo 126 Rose, Charlie 75 Rosneft 150, 155, 156-157, 159, 160-161, 162, 163-164, 228, 263, 287-288 routinization, ontological security 11-12, 14, 16, 18, 25, 242, 243 Ruger, William 179-213 Russia, identity 2, 6n6, 165; great power narrative (see great power image); military power 2, 34, 76-78, 80, 84, 216; victimhood, sense of 6n6, 135n5; and the West: Westernism, Slavophilism, Eurasianism 22-23, 30nn4/5, 245, 290 see also images and foreign policy strategies: Vladimir Putin’s foundational image Russia, strategic (security) culture 34-39, 41-43, 45, 47-49 Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin (Tsygankov) 24-25 Russia today 109, 287 Russian foreign policy: China 82, 103-108, 162-163, 204, 227-228; Eastern
Mediterranean 5, 260-271 (see also Eastern Mediterranean); energy diplomacy 1, 3, 140-169, 261-264 (see also energy diplomacy); Russian Foreign Policy Concept (2016) 46, 155, 163, 165, 261; Global South 1, 4-5, 249-253, 254-255; NATO/West: China-Russia cooperation 105-108; NATO/West: NATO enlargement (see NATO expansionism, as strategic threat); sanctions response/counteraction 176, 223-226, 227-229; soft power, hybrid tactics 1,49, 78, 99, 109, 214, 216, 220, 226, 229-230; transactional neutrality 108-109; Venezuela, support/ ontological convergence 276, 283-284, 287-288, 289, 290, 291 Russian foreign policy, sources and tools: Atlanticism 92-110; energy (see energy diplomacy, Russian); great power self-image, ontological security 11-31 (see aho great power image); images, decision-making (Vladimir Putin) 61-88; ontological narratives/ security: concept (see ontological security, Russian state behavior see biographical narrative, Russia) / Crimea/Ukraine 115-136/ “Global South” 239-255; sources, motives 6n6; strategic culture 34-39, 41-43, 45, 47-49 Russia-NATO relationship see NATO expansionism, as strategic threat; NATO-Russia relationship, failure Russia-West relationship, threats/ deterioration: “liberal interventionism” 35, 38-39, 80, 87, 94, 180, 191; the “Other”, ontological narrative formation 12, 21-26, 27, 30nn4/5; post-Soviet, Yeltsin honeymoon 26, 38-39; Russian interventions (Georgia, Ukraine, Libya, Syria) 29, 36, 4041, 46, 264-265, 266 (see aho Crimea, annexation; Georgia: Russo-Georgian war Syria, Syrian civil war); “Western encroachment” threat 25, 34-36,
35, (see aho EU extension, as strategic threat; NATO expansionism, as strategic threat) Russo-Georgian war (2008) 36, 40, 40-41, 42, 147, 191, 201, 204
Index Saakashvili, Mikhail 41, 147, 148, 191 Sakwa, Richard 51ո21 sanctions, economic: definition, differentiation 214, 215; as foreign policy tool 214-217; on Iran 43, 160, 217; on Iraq 215; Magnitsky laws 219, 221-222, 224; “smart sanctions” 215, 218, 225, 230n2; on Russia 36-37, 46, 47, 98-99,168,252; on Turkey 262,267, 270; on Venezuela 270, 278, 280, 289 sanctions, economic, effectiveness 4, 47, 99, 105, 167, 168, 215-217, 252; adversaries, allies, sender-target relations 217; alternatives to 215-216; authoritarian systems 215; counteracting strategies, Russia 226-229; patronage 215, 226; “rally round the flag” response 225; vulnerability to 216 sanctions, economic: in U.S. foreign policy 214, 217-220; CAATSA (2017) 220, 224, 228, 230; on Russia (U.S.S.R.) 217, 219-220, 225-226, 227, 230n5; Russia, effects/ counteraction approaches 167, 223-226, 226-229; Sergei Magnitsky Act (2012) 50n20, 219, 221, 224; “smart”, targeted 215, 218, 225-226, 229; U.S. allies, support/dissension 167, 220-223 see also sanctions, Western, on Russia Saudi Arabia 158, 159, 160, 167 Scarlet Sails (Grin) 121 Schafer, Mark 73 Schevchenko, Taras 124 Schröder, Gerhard 156, 170n8 Sechin, Igor 160-161, 226, 288 Semenov, Vladimir 12-13 Sergei Magnitsky Act (2012) 219, 221, 224 Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) 105, 147, 161, 163, 245, 290 Shoigu, Sergey 37 Skak, Mette 38, 49nl Slavophilism, Slavophiles 18, 22-23, 135n8 Snyder, Jack 34 SOCAR (State Oil Company of the Azerbaijan Republic) 148 Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT) 227, 231n8 Solovyov, Vladimir 148
305 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 118-119, 123 sovereign democracy 14, 25, 40, 110 Soviet Union see U.S.S.R. Stalin, Joseph / Stalinism 16, 118, 122, 133-134, 224, 244 Starye pesni о glavnom (Old Songs about the Most Important Things) 28 strategic culture: definition 34; Russian (see Russia, strategic culture) Suchkov, Dmitry 251-252 SWIFT 227, 231n8 Syria, Syrian Civil War 29, 44, 72-73, 76, 84-87, 159-160, 167, 264-266, 267, 268 Talbott, Strobe 183 The Daily Telegraph 190 The End of Eurasia (Trenin) 21 The End of History (Fukuyama) 94 The History of Russia (Kliuchevskii) 15 The New York Times 82 “Third World” see “Global South” Timchenko, Gennady 226 Timofeev, Ivan 228-229 transactional neutrality 108-109 transatlantic alliance see NATO Transneft 141, 145, 165-166 Transnistria 145-146, 268 Trenin, Dmitri 21, 147, 154 Trump, Donald J.: “America First” unilateralism 48, 51n26, 95, 220-221, 296; Atlanticism, challenges 51nn25/ 26, 95, 100-102, 185, 196, 203, 220-221; East-West relations 48-49, 49n5, 50n8, 5ІПП25/26, 220, 223, 224-225, 229-230; great power competition 103-104; Middle East 260, 265; Venezuela, transatlantic divisions 276, 281-283 Tsygankov, Andrei 14, 24-25, 50nl4 Turkey 106, 108-109, 160, 195, 261, 262, 263, 267, 268-271 Turkmenistan 147-148, 149, 162, 170n5 Turkmenneftegaz 149 TurkStream 109, 149, 154, 170n4, 221 Ukraine: biographical narrative, ontological security 122-123,124-125, 126, 128-135 (see also biographic narrative, Ukraine); Crimea: history, ontological meaning, annexation (see Crimea)·, Donbas civil war, Russian support 46, 97, 99, 122, 133,
306 Index 143-144,191,198,199,214; Euromaidan, Orange revolution (2014)45-46, 51ո21, 98,115, 116,127; Russian energy diplomacy towards 39-40, 116, 142-144, 166, 170n2, 262 Ukraine-EU convergence and Russiarelations: Association Agreement and economic support 97, 116; Eastern Partnership Program (2009) 97-98; vs Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) 45-46, 97, 116; Euromaidan and Crimea annexation / Ukrainian civil war 45-46, 117; Euromaidan, EU support for 98; “gas wars” (2006, 2009) 39-40, 116, 166, 170n2; membership negotiations 46 Ukraine-NATO partner/membership 41,51n21,142-143, 144,147,185-186, 192-193, 196, 197-199; Bucharest summit (2008), decision 96 United Nations (UN) Security Council 85, 86-87, 88n5, 94, 215, 223, 228, 268 U.S. grand strategy 179-212; NATO, post-cold war legitimacy 179; NATO enlargement (see NATO enlargement; NATO expansionism, as strategic threat) U.S.S.R.: Cold War: U.S. economic sanctions 218, 219; Eastern Mediterranean links 255n9; “good times”, U.S.S.R. nostalgia 27-28, 132-133; great power, self-perception 2, 12-13, 21, 34; Latin America 283; strategic culture 37-38; strong state, single-party rule 14; Third World politics, ontological narrative/alliance building 239, 244-247, 248-249, 250, 253-254, 255n9; U.S.S.R.-Russia biographical continuity 27-28, 132-133; and the West 25, 35-36, 39 Uzbekistan 148-149, 150-151, 170n7 UzbekNefteGaz 151 Valdai International Discussion Club 36, 78, 79, 83 Valeriano, Brandon 152, 163 Vandenko, Andrei 78-79 Venezuela: counterterrorism policy (Hezbollah presence) 279-280; external power influence (U.S./EU vs
Russia/China) 276-292; Hugo Chavez election, consequences 277; Human Rights Watch report (2019) 277-278; Maduro government: legitimacy, economic crisis 276, 277-279, 282; oil production/trading, decline 278-279, 280 Venezuela: Russia/China interests: economic 284-289; historical context 283-284 Venezuela: Western powers’ interests: economic, EU 280-281, 292n3; economic, US 28Ö; historical context 277-278; normative and ontological, EU 281; security 278-279; transatlantic divide: US-EU divisions 281-283 Vernadsky, George 20 Vujačić, Veljko 15-16, 21 Walt, Stephen 244 Washington Post 197-198 the “West”, Russian relations 21-26, 30nn4/5; flawed integration 24-26; great power status, validation 23-25; “significant Other” 22, 25-26; Slavophilism, Westernism, Eurasianism 22-23, 135n8, 245, 290 see also European Union; NATO expansion Westernism, Westemizers 22 Westphalian principles (Peace of Westphalia) 74, 80, 84 Woemer, Manfred 189 World War II see Great Patriotic War Yanukovych, Victor 46, 97-98, 116-117, 117, 126, 143, 192 Yatsenyuk, Arsenyi 126 Yeltsin, Boris 18-19, 26, 36, 37, 38, 94, 119, 187, 188, 189-190, 205nl0, 219 Young, Michael D. 73 Yugoslavia, U.S./NATO intervention 35, 38-39, 94, 191 Yushenko, Victor 126, 128 Zarubezhneft 263 Ziegler, Charles E. 214—236 Zygar, Mikhail 117, 192 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek MQnohşff J
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Contents Lisí of contributors Preface Introduction: Russia foreign policy and the return to authoritarian roots vii x 1 ROGER E. KANÉT AND DINA MOULIOUKOVA PART I Sources and tools of Russian foreign policy 1 Russia’s self-image as a great power 9 11 DINA MOULIOUKOVA WITH ROGER E. KANÉT 2 Russian strategic culture and renewed conflict with the west 34 ROGER E. KANÉT 3 Images and decision-making in foreign policy: the case of Vladimir Putin 61 ALEKSANDAR JANKOVSKI 4 Atlanticism in an age of great power competition: is Russia achieving its goals? 92 SUZANNE LOFTUS 5 The battle of ontological narratives: Russia and the annexation of Crimea DINA MOULIOUKOVA WITH ROGER E. KANÉT 115
vi Contents 6 The role of energy in Russian foreign policy 140 ARSEN GASPARYAN PART II The Russian response to U.S. policies 7 NATO, U.S. grand strategy and the Russian response 177 179 RAJAN MENON AND WILLIAM RUGER 8 The politics of sanctions in U.S.-Russia relations 214 CHARLES E. ZIEGLER PART III Russian policy in the developing world 9 A comparison of Soviet and Russian foreign policy: ontological security and policy toward Africa 237 239 ROGER E. KANÉT AND DINA MOULIOUKOVA 10 Russia’s expanding role in the eastern Mediterranean: opportunities and challenges 260 NURAY V. IBRYAMOVA 11 The new great game: ontological factors in western and rising powers’ competition in Venezuela 276 DINA MOULIOUKOVA AND KARINA BRENNAN Conclusion 296 ROGER E. KANÉT AND DINA MOULIOUKOVA Index 298
Index Abe, Shinzo 164, 222 agriculture, self-sufficiency, Russian 14-15, 224, 227, 230n7 Aksakov, Konstantin 18 al Sisi, Abdel Fattah 261, 265, 266 al-Assad, Bashir 86, 160, 264-265 Alexseev, Mikhail 225 Aliyev, Ilham 148, 170n3 Anderson, Paul A. 73-74 Andreyev, Nikolay 243-244 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (2002), U.S. withdrawal 43, 95, 191 Aramco 159 Armenia 46, 97, 146 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) 105, 227 Astana peace process 109, llOnl, 268 Atlanticism 92; great power competition 103-108; challenges 51nn25/26, 95, 100-102, 185, 196, 203, 220-221; principles, Atlantic Charter (1941) 92, 92-93, 93-94; Russian foreign policy, transatlantic relationships 108-109, 110; transatlantic divide: Venezuela 281-283; Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TOP) 100, 112 see also NATO autocratic rule 14, 15-16 Azerbaijan 46, 147-148, 170n5, 197, 269 Bakunin, Mikhail 18, 23 Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) / Baku-TbilisiEizurum, oil pipeline 146, 147-148 Baldwin, David 215-216 Bandera, Stepan 126, 127-128 Beach, Derek 168 Beach, Lee Roy 68-69 Belarus 46, 97, 142-143, 144-145, 145, 146 Berger, Samuel (Sandy) 183-184, 190, 205n8 Biden, Joe 42-43, 49, 102, 263, 267 Bindi, Federiga 281 biographic narrative, biographic continuity 6n4, 13 5nn3/4 biographic narrative, Russia: biographical discourse 11, 22-23, 25; continuity, ruptures 3, 6n5, 14, 19, 25, 26-29, 115, 116, 117-118, 122; and domestic legitimacy (Crimea annexation) 25, 29, 117-121, 122, 126, 127-128, 129, 130-132, 252; great power narrative (see great power)·, Mongol influence 124; Russian-Ukrainian narrative
brotherhood, argument 122-123, 125, 127-128, 129; as savior, defender of freedom 125-126, 132; Soviet time/ Stalin, nostalgia 132-133; West as ontological “other” 130, 131, 132 biographic narrative, Ukraine 122-123, 124-125, 126; as free world defender 125-126; Russian rhetoric on 127-128, 129-130; as Russian state extension, ontological unity hypothesis 123, 128; Russia’s role in 116, 118, 124-125, 128; Russification and Polonization 124; nationalist narrative 124-125, 126, 127; West/Europe as ontological anchor 116, 125, 128-129, 134 Blank, Stephen 37, 162-163 Boulding, Kenneth 61, 62, 64-65 Boym, Svetlana 27, 28 Brennan, Karina 276-295 Brezhnev, Leonid 5, 248-249 BRICS 105, 161, 227 Brodsky, Joseph 120, 123 Brzeziński, Zbigniew 181-182, 205n4
Index Bull, Hedley 61, 70-71, 73, 87 Bush, George H.W 35, 187, 205nl0, 219 Bush, George W. 38, 41, 42, 95, 185, 218-219, 228 CAATSA (2017) 220, 224, 228, 230 Canada 221, 222, 223 Catherine the Great 21, 118, 244 Ceche, Michael 197 Chávez, Hugo 277-278, 279, 281-282, 284, 285, 290 Chechnya conflict 27, 36 “Chekhov’s rifle” principle 78-79 Chemiavsky, Michael 17 China Development Bank 105, 285 China, foreign policies: economic power, global influence/patronage 104, 106, 109, 110; economic/trade pragmatism 100, 283-284, 289; Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence 289; military strength 106, 107; Russian energy diplomacy 162-163; Russian-Chinese cooperation 82, 103-108, 162-163, 204, 226-227; Venezuela 283-287, 289-291; West-East power competition/shift 92, 93,100, 105-106, 245; Western economic dependency 107-108; and Western “liberal interventionism” 94-95, 106 Clarke, Collin 279-280 Clinton, Bill 183-184, 190, 218, 219 Clinton, Hillary 126, 127 Coalition Against NATO Expansion (CANE) 182 Collins, James 188 colonialization, imperial expansion/ identity 14, 15, 19-21, 118, 124, 125 color revolutions 26, 37, 38, 39, 40, 50nnl3/15, 51n21, 96, 130 commodity politics see energy diplomacy, Russian communal nature, Russian society 12, 14, 17-18, 28, 245, 290 Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) (2017) 220, 224, 228, 230 Crimea, history/ontological narrative: 1784, Catherine the Great, conquest 118; 1856, Crimean War, European betrayal 23, 25; 1954, transfer to Ukraine 118-119, 121; post-Soviet secession attempts (1991, 1994) 119; 1991, Autonomous
Republic of 299 Crimea 119; Budapest Memorandum (1994) 98; ethnic make-up/cleansings 118; Russian irredentist narrative, ontological meaning 29, 117-121, 122, 126, 127-128, 129, 130-132, 252 Crimean annexation (2014): Crimea: The Way Home, documentary drama 131-132; Euromaidan, Orange revolution (2014) 98, 115, 116, 127; geostrategic gain 108, 117, 143 {see also Eastern Mediterranean, Russian policies); popularity gain, internal 50nl8, 117, 134; secession referendum (2014) 115, 117; Western narratives 51n21, 104, 125, 126, 128-134; Western sanctions 36-37, 46, 47, 98-99, 168, 222, 225, 252 Cyprus 267-268, 270 Danilevskii, Nikolai 23 David-Fox, Michael 29nl de-dollarization, global economy 227, 228, 230, 231n9 Democratic Peace Theory 94-95 “developing countries” see “Global South” Dima Yakovlev Law 219 Drezner, Daniel 217, 230n2 Eastern Mediterranean, Russian politics 160, 260-271; Cyprus 267-268, 270; Egypt 266-267; energy policy 160, 167, 261-264, 269; Libya, Libyan civil war 263, 264, 267, 270; mediator roles 268; military presence, arms supply 264-266, 267; objectives 260-261; Syria, Syrian civil war 29, 44, 72-73, 76, 84-87,159-160,167, 264-266, 267, 268; Turkey 267, 268-271 Eastern Partnership (EaP), EU program 26, 45-46, 97, 192, 197 EastMed Gas Forum (EMGF) 263 economic sanctions see sanctions, economic Edelman, Eric 183 Egypt 12-13,253,261,263,266-267, 270 energy diplomacy, Russian 140-169, 261-264; Asia, Asia-Pacific region (China, India, Japan, Korea) 161-164, 168; Caspian/Central Asian (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan) 146, 147-151, 152, 162-163, 170n7;
Eastern
300 Index Mediterranean (Cyprus, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Turkey) 160, 167, 261-264; EU energy relationship/dependency 39-40, 152-157, 167, 262-263; Foreign Policy Concept (2016) 155, 163, 165, 262; “gas wars” 39^10, 116, 157, 166, 170n2; Gazprom, Rosneft, Transneft {see Gazprom see Rosneft; Transneft); Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Iran) 157-161, 167; motives, extend, components 140-142, 165-166, 168-169; near abroad region (Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova) 142-146, 152, 168, 262; OPEC 157-159, 167-168; post-Soviet space, influence 142-152, 163, 166; South Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia) 146, 146-147, 147-148, 152, 170n5 Erdoğan, Recep 106, 270 Etzioni, Amitai 69-70 EU extension, as strategic threat 35, 97; 2013: Moldova, Georgia, Armenia 45, 46, 97; Eurasian Economic Union, competition 46, 105, 147, 149, 150, 157, 163, 166, 266; Eastern Partnership (EaP) program 26, 45-46, 105, 97, 147, 149, 150, 157, 163, 166, 192, 297; economic sanctions on Russia 220-221; European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) 26, 39, 45, 97, 297; Ukraine crisis (2014) 97-100 Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) 46, 105, 147, 149, 150, 157, 163, 166, 266 Eurasianism, Eurasianists 22, 23, 245, 290 Euromaidan protests 97-98 Europe and America: the End of the Transatlantic Relationship? (Bindi) 281 European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) 26, 39, 45, 97 European Union see EU Felgenhauer, Pavel 37-38 Fischerkeller, Michael P. 61, 62-64 Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence, China 289 Foreign Policy Concept, Russia (2016) 46, 155, 163, 165, 261 Forsberg, Tuomas 13 Freedom Support Act (1992) 230n5 Frye, Timothy 225 Fukuyama,
Fancis 94 Gaddafi, Muammar see Qaddafi, Muammar “gas wars” (2006, 2009) 39-40, 116, 157, 166, 170n2 Gasparyan, Arsen 140-175 Gazprom: Belarus 145; China 162; Gazprom Kyrgyzstan 147; Gazprom-SOCAR, Azerbaijan 148; Japan 164; Kazakhstan, KazRosGas 149-150, 150, 170n3; Moldova 145, 145-146; pipelines, Nord Stream / Nord Stream II 147, 154, 155, 156, 165-166, 166; Tajikistan 147; Turkmenistan 149; TurkStream 170n2; Ukraine 143; Uzbekistan, UzbekNefteGaz 151; Venezuela 287, 288 Georgia: energy relationship, Russia 146-147, 152; EU relationship/ membership 45, 46, 97; NATO partner/membership 51n21, 96-97, 185, 186, 191-193, 196-199; RussoGeorgian war (2008) 36, 40, 40-41,42, 147, 191, 201, 204 Global South policies: Russia 249-253, 254-255; U.S.S.R 239, 244-247, 248-249, 250, 253-254, 255n9 Gorbachev, Mikhail 119, 187, 188, 189, 205nl0, 240, 247-248 Gore, Al 183, 184 Götz, Elias 6n6, 135n5 Graham, Lindsey 200 Great Patriotic War, World War II 25, 117, 127, 132, 132-133, 133, 136n9 great power image, Russian ontological need of strong leadership 11-29, 29nl; communal society, peasant commune 12, 14, 17-18, 28, 245, 290; economic security, colonization needs 14, 15, 19-20; external threat, internal subjugation 16, 18; historical continuity 12, 15, 16, 18, 27-28; imperial identity 12, 15, 19-21; network nature, “sistema” 14; physical security threats 11-12, 13, 14, 15-16, 18, 19, 21, 24, 29; post-Soviet continuity break 26-29; proprietary politics, patrimonial state 14, 15, 16, 17, 21; routinization 11-12, 14, 16, 18, 25, 242, 243; social construction, memory revision 11-12, 16,
27-28; the West (“Other”), relations 12, 21-26, 27, 3Qnn4/5 see also biographic narrative, Russia
Index great power status: concept 13; understanding, Russia vs West 13 Grin, Aleksandr 121 Grotian tradition / Hugo Grotius 70-72, 73, 81, 82 Guaidó, Juan 276, 278, 279-280, 281, 281-282, 282, 286, 291nl Gunitsky, Seva 50nl4 Gustafson, Thane 169 Hadfield, Amelia 154 Haftar, Khalifa 267, 268, 270 Hale, Henry 225 Hansen, Flemming 25 Hedlund, Stefan 140, 162-163, 165 Herrmann, Richard K. 61, 62-64 Herzen, Alexander 15, 23 Hezbollah 279-280 Hitler, Adolf 122, 126, 136nl0 Hobbesian tradition / Thomas Hobbes 70, 71-72 Holbrooke, Richard 184, 186-187 Hopf, Ted 12-13, 243 Hrushevsky, Mykhailo 124 Huntington, Samuel 84, 88n3 Ibryamova, Nuray V. 260-275 identity: concept 11; national 11; politics 2, 5; self-identity 6n4 see also Russia, identity images and foreign policy strategies: image formation, theory 66-72; beliefs (instrumental, strategic, trajectory) 66-69, 70; central political entities, interaction modes (Hobbesian, Kantian, Grotian theory tradition) 65-66, 70-71, 73, 81, 82; declarative knowledge 67, 67-68; foundational vs derivative images 64, 70-71; goals, plans, tactics 69; image, definition 66; traditional understanding (see International Relation Theory (IRT), images and political strategy); normative-affective (N/А) factors 69-70; principles 66, 69-70; propositions 67; theories, theorizing 66, 68; truth 67, 67-68, 87-88n2 images and foreign policy strategies: Vladimir Putin’s foundational image 74-87; core beliefs: (1) ontological centrality of states 74-76; / (2) centrality of (military) power 76-78; / (3) ЗОЇ multipolarity, strategic power balance stability 78-82;
/ (4) great powers are custodians of international society 82; Grotian tradition, influence 81, 82; Putin’s image of Syrian civil war 84-87; Westphalian principles 74, 80, 84 India 163-164, 224, 228 International Relation Theory (IRT) 62-64, 64-72, 81, 87 International Relation Theory (IRT), images and political strategy: (1) enemy-containment 62; / (2) degenerate-revisionism 62; / (3) colony-intervention 62-63; / (4) imperialist-independent fortress 63; / (5) ally-institutional cooperation 63; image, definition/components 64; image dimensions 62; international interaction scenarios 63-64; misperception 68; theory shortcomings 64-65 Iran 43, 158, 159, 160-161, 217, 218, 221, 230, 268, 279-280 Ivan IV the Terrible 16, 20, 122, 243-244 Ivan the Great / Ivan Grozny 20 Ivanov, Sergei 37 Jankovski, Aleksandar 61-91 Japan 164, 222 Judah, Tim 127-128, 132 Kanét, Roger E. 34-60, 115-139, 239-259, 296-297 Kantian tradition / Immanuel Kant 65-66, 70, 71 Kazakhstan 97, 122, 147-148, 148-149, 149-150, 150, 162 KazMunayGas 149-151, 150, 151 KazRosGas 150 Kazun, Anastasia 225 Kennan, George F. 154, 182 Kertzer, Joshua D. 2, 70 Khmelnytsky, Bohdan 124 Khrushchev, Nikita 16, 118, 121, 122 King Salman 159 Kissinger, Henry 123, 165, 181-182, 182, 205n4 Kofman, Michael 201-202 Kotkin, Stephen 11, 15 Kozyrev, Andrey 26, 188, 189, 243 Krashennikova, Veronica 13 Krauthammer, Charles 190 Kulibaev, Timur 149-150, 170n6
302 Index Laing, Ronald D. 240 Lake, Anthony 183-184 Lavrov, Sergey 45-46, 221, 222, 228, 231n9, 253, 284 Le Figaro 77-78 Leichtova, Magda 13 Leontiev, Konstantin 19, 22 Levada Center 16, 18, 117, 225 Libya, Libyan civil war 87, 161, 263, 264, 267, 270 Likhacheva, Anastasia 226-227 Loftus, Suzanne 92-114 Lough, John 149, 167 Lukashenko, Aleksandr 144, 268 Lukoil 145, 150, 156, 159, 263 Macron, Emmanuel 6nl, 51n24, 102, 105,203-204 Maduro, Nicholas 228, 276, 277-278, 278-279, 280-281, 281, 282, 283, 284, 286, 291, 291nl Magnitsky Act (2012) 4, 214, 219, 221, 224 Magnitsky laws 219, 221, 224 Malaysian airliner MHLÍ crash (2014) 219, 222 Mamedov, Yury 123 Maness, Ryan 152, 163 Matlock, Jack 182, 187 McCain, John 125 McFaul, Michael 44, 205n9 McKinsey Global Institute 251 Mearsheimer, John 144 Medvedev, Dmitry 35, 42, 44-45, 191, 224, 227-228, 250 Membership Action Plan (MAP), NATO 96, 185 Menon, Rajan 179-213 Michael Mandelbaum 182 Mihaylova, Ekaterina 133 Mitzen, Jennifer 24, 241-242, 244-245 Mogherini, Federica 282 Molchanov, Mikhail 45 Moldova 46, 97, 98, 142-143, 144, 145-146 Moldovagaz 145 Mongol tribes, Mongol rule 15, 16-17, 20, 124 Morse, Edward 169 Moulioukova, Dina 11-33, 115-139, 239-259, 276-295 Munich Security Conferences 34, 35, 79, 96, 125, 191, 203 Myers Jaffe, Amy 169 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 146, 148, 268, 269 Namedni (The Other Day) 28 narrative of the self see biographic narrative NATO 92-93, 179; geopolitical competition, Russia-China 103-108; military spending disparities 100, 181, 185-186, 200-201, 200t, 203; postCold War, relevance/dominance 92-93,
179-180; transatlantic values, Atlantic Charter (1941) 92, 93-94; U.S.-Europe, relation 181, 188, 194-195, 203-205, 205nl3; U.S.-Europe, rifts 100-103 NATO enlargement: 1994: Washington Summit, decision 184-185; 1997-1999: Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary 94, 184, 185, 195; 2002-2004: Baltic states, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia 96, 106, 142, 181, 185, 186, 190; 2008-2020: Albania, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia 185; alternatives (pan-European security concepts) 193-195; anti-ballistic missile installation (Poland, Czech Republic) 38, 42, 43, 44, 96; AntiBallistic Missile Treaty (2002), U.S. withdrawal 43, 95, 191; arguments/ NATO proponents for/against 2-3, 96-97, 180-185, 193, 205n2; Coalition Against NATO Expansion (CANE) 182; continuation of, hazards 196-199; as democracy promotion 195; U.S. Committee to Expand NATO 181 NATO expansionism, as strategic threat 26, 38, 94, 97, 154, 166, 189-193, 198-199; Bucharest summit (2008), Putin speech 96, 185,192,198; George F. Kennan, William Perry warnings (1997) 182-183; Munich Security Conference (2007), Putin speech 34, 96, 191; Primakov evaluation (1993) 189-190; Yeltsin/Kozyrev critique (1993) 189, 190; Yugoslavia intervention 35, 38-39, 94, 191 NATO-Russia relationship, failure/turn 26, 92, 93-94, 95-96, 189-192; geopolitical competition, Russia-China cooperation 105-108,
Index 196; NATO-Russia Council (2002) 95, 96; NATO-Russia Founding Act (1997) 92, 94; Russia as threat, NATO perception 100-103; Russian membership aspiration, Partnership for Peace (PfP) 183, 187, 190, 295nl0; Russian soft power, media/political influence 109, 202; Russian transactional neutrality tactic 108-109; Russia’s comparable weakness (economic, military, social) 190, 191, 195, 199-200, 200t, 201-202, 202-203; Russo-Georgian war (2008) 96-97; Ukraine/Crimea crisis 97-100, 192 Navalny, Alexei 221, 223 network state, Russia 14, 259, 288 Neumann, Iver В. 24 new Cold War 35, 47-48, 154 New Development Bank (NDB) 105, 227 New START Treaty (2010) 42 Nord Stream / Nord Stream II 154, 156, 221, 230 North Atlantic Treaty Organization see NATO nostalgia 27-28, 132 Novatek 160, 164, 226, 263 Nygren, Bertil 142, 145, 148 Olivier, Gerrit 251-252 ontological security: anxiety 24, 29n2, 240, 242; biographic continuity 242; convergence of ontological narratives 244-245; definition, concept 6n3, 29n2, 240-242; ontological awareness 11, 13, 20; ontological awareness vs self-identity 135n5; and physical security needs 15-16 ontological security, Russian state behavior: alliance formation 240, 245; anxiety vs security, policy making consequences 24, 29n2, 240, 242, 244; China 245; collective memory, state as custodian 12; conflict behavior as identity 245; extemal/internal aspects 241-242; habitual perception and decision making 241, 242; national: social construction, routinization, threats 11-12, 29nl; physical security needs 11-12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 21, 24, 29; routinization 11-12,
14, 16, 18, 25, 242, 243; Russian Eurasianism 22, 23, 303 245, 290; Russian Global South politics 249-253, 254-255; Russian/ Soviet great power identity 243-244; Soviet Global South politics, allyship 239-240, 244-247, 248-249, 250, 253-254, 255n9 see also biographic narrative·, great power image, Russian ontological need of strong leadership Onuf, Nicholas 73 OPEC 157-159, 167-168 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries see OPEC Oushakine, Serguei Alex 28 pan-European security order, concept 188, 193-195 Panslavism 23 Parfenov, Leonid 28 Partnership for Peace (PfP) 41, 93-94, 183, 184, 187 patrimonial state/ruler 14, 15, 16, 17, 21 Pavlovsky, Gleb 14 PDVSA (Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A.) 279, 285-286, 288, 291 Pence, Mike 196 Perry, William 182-183, 184 Peter the Great 16, 21, 22, 24, 244-245 physical security needs 11-12, 13, 14, 15-16, 18, 19, 21, 24, 29 Pipes, Richard 13-14, 15, 16, 17-18, 20, 29-30n3, 182 politicization of history 3, 115, 12 Pompeo, Michael R. 196, 276, 279 Popescu, Nicu 147 Poroshenko, Petro 125, 125-126, 128- 129, 129 Posen, Barry 198 Primakov, Evgeny 13, 50n7, 81, 142, 161, 189-190, 243, 296 private property-political power relationship, Russia vs West 17 Pushkov, Alexey 148 Putin, Vladimir: “civilizational turn” and Eurasian Union 44 46; Crimea/ Ukraine, ontological narratives, annexation 121, 123, 126, 127, 129-131, 132, 134, 135n8; Donald J. Trump 48-49, 49֊50n5, 220, 221; energy diplomacy 140-141, 144, 145, 148, 149, 151, 153, 156-162, 164, 167, 169; foreign policy, internal factors for 11, 44, 48; Global South, interest shift 250-251;
great power, ontological
304 Index narrative 18-19, 27, 29, 29η 1, 34, 35-36, 47, 108, 296; ΝΑΤΟenlargement 190, 191, 192, 193 (see also NATO expansionism, as strategic threat); Russia-NATÓ relationship 190; Russia-Western relations 38-42, 44-45, 47-48, 95, 96; (see aho EU extension, as strategic threat); sanctions, response 223-226 Putin, Vladimir, foundational image and foreign policy strategies 74-87; core beliefs: (1) ontological centrality of states 74-76, 88n3 / (2) centrality of (military) power 76-78 / (3) multipolarity, strategic power balance stability 78-82 / (4) great powers are custodians of international society 82; Grotian tradition, influence 81, 82; Putin’s image of Syrian civil war 84-87; Westphalian principles 74, 80, 84 Qaddafi, Muammar 43-44, 87, 148, 260, 264,266 Raab, Dominic 221-222 Rasmussen, Anders Fogh 157, 199 Reagan, Ronald 248 Roe, Paul 24, 241 Romaniuk, Mihailo 126 Rose, Charlie 75 Rosneft 150, 155, 156-157, 159, 160-161, 162, 163-164, 228, 263, 287-288 routinization, ontological security 11-12, 14, 16, 18, 25, 242, 243 Ruger, William 179-213 Russia, identity 2, 6n6, 165; great power narrative (see great power image); military power 2, 34, 76-78, 80, 84, 216; victimhood, sense of 6n6, 135n5; and the West: Westernism, Slavophilism, Eurasianism 22-23, 30nn4/5, 245, 290 see also images and foreign policy strategies: Vladimir Putin’s foundational image Russia, strategic (security) culture 34-39, 41-43, 45, 47-49 Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin (Tsygankov) 24-25 Russia today 109, 287 Russian foreign policy: China 82, 103-108, 162-163, 204, 227-228; Eastern
Mediterranean 5, 260-271 (see also Eastern Mediterranean); energy diplomacy 1, 3, 140-169, 261-264 (see also energy diplomacy); Russian Foreign Policy Concept (2016) 46, 155, 163, 165, 261; Global South 1, 4-5, 249-253, 254-255; NATO/West: China-Russia cooperation 105-108; NATO/West: NATO enlargement (see NATO expansionism, as strategic threat); sanctions response/counteraction 176, 223-226, 227-229; soft power, hybrid tactics 1,49, 78, 99, 109, 214, 216, 220, 226, 229-230; transactional neutrality 108-109; Venezuela, support/ ontological convergence 276, 283-284, 287-288, 289, 290, 291 Russian foreign policy, sources and tools: Atlanticism 92-110; energy (see energy diplomacy, Russian); great power self-image, ontological security 11-31 (see aho great power image); images, decision-making (Vladimir Putin) 61-88; ontological narratives/ security: concept (see ontological security, Russian state behavior see biographical narrative, Russia) / Crimea/Ukraine 115-136/ “Global South” 239-255; sources, motives 6n6; strategic culture 34-39, 41-43, 45, 47-49 Russia-NATO relationship see NATO expansionism, as strategic threat; NATO-Russia relationship, failure Russia-West relationship, threats/ deterioration: “liberal interventionism” 35, 38-39, 80, 87, 94, 180, 191; the “Other”, ontological narrative formation 12, 21-26, 27, 30nn4/5; post-Soviet, Yeltsin honeymoon 26, 38-39; Russian interventions (Georgia, Ukraine, Libya, Syria) 29, 36, 4041, 46, 264-265, 266 (see aho Crimea, annexation; Georgia: Russo-Georgian war Syria, Syrian civil war); “Western encroachment” threat 25, 34-36,
35, (see aho EU extension, as strategic threat; NATO expansionism, as strategic threat) Russo-Georgian war (2008) 36, 40, 40-41, 42, 147, 191, 201, 204
Index Saakashvili, Mikhail 41, 147, 148, 191 Sakwa, Richard 51ո21 sanctions, economic: definition, differentiation 214, 215; as foreign policy tool 214-217; on Iran 43, 160, 217; on Iraq 215; Magnitsky laws 219, 221-222, 224; “smart sanctions” 215, 218, 225, 230n2; on Russia 36-37, 46, 47, 98-99,168,252; on Turkey 262,267, 270; on Venezuela 270, 278, 280, 289 sanctions, economic, effectiveness 4, 47, 99, 105, 167, 168, 215-217, 252; adversaries, allies, sender-target relations 217; alternatives to 215-216; authoritarian systems 215; counteracting strategies, Russia 226-229; patronage 215, 226; “rally round the flag” response 225; vulnerability to 216 sanctions, economic: in U.S. foreign policy 214, 217-220; CAATSA (2017) 220, 224, 228, 230; on Russia (U.S.S.R.) 217, 219-220, 225-226, 227, 230n5; Russia, effects/ counteraction approaches 167, 223-226, 226-229; Sergei Magnitsky Act (2012) 50n20, 219, 221, 224; “smart”, targeted 215, 218, 225-226, 229; U.S. allies, support/dissension 167, 220-223 see also sanctions, Western, on Russia Saudi Arabia 158, 159, 160, 167 Scarlet Sails (Grin) 121 Schafer, Mark 73 Schevchenko, Taras 124 Schröder, Gerhard 156, 170n8 Sechin, Igor 160-161, 226, 288 Semenov, Vladimir 12-13 Sergei Magnitsky Act (2012) 219, 221, 224 Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) 105, 147, 161, 163, 245, 290 Shoigu, Sergey 37 Skak, Mette 38, 49nl Slavophilism, Slavophiles 18, 22-23, 135n8 Snyder, Jack 34 SOCAR (State Oil Company of the Azerbaijan Republic) 148 Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT) 227, 231n8 Solovyov, Vladimir 148
305 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 118-119, 123 sovereign democracy 14, 25, 40, 110 Soviet Union see U.S.S.R. Stalin, Joseph / Stalinism 16, 118, 122, 133-134, 224, 244 Starye pesni о glavnom (Old Songs about the Most Important Things) 28 strategic culture: definition 34; Russian (see Russia, strategic culture) Suchkov, Dmitry 251-252 SWIFT 227, 231n8 Syria, Syrian Civil War 29, 44, 72-73, 76, 84-87, 159-160, 167, 264-266, 267, 268 Talbott, Strobe 183 The Daily Telegraph 190 The End of Eurasia (Trenin) 21 The End of History (Fukuyama) 94 The History of Russia (Kliuchevskii) 15 The New York Times 82 “Third World” see “Global South” Timchenko, Gennady 226 Timofeev, Ivan 228-229 transactional neutrality 108-109 transatlantic alliance see NATO Transneft 141, 145, 165-166 Transnistria 145-146, 268 Trenin, Dmitri 21, 147, 154 Trump, Donald J.: “America First” unilateralism 48, 51n26, 95, 220-221, 296; Atlanticism, challenges 51nn25/ 26, 95, 100-102, 185, 196, 203, 220-221; East-West relations 48-49, 49n5, 50n8, 5ІПП25/26, 220, 223, 224-225, 229-230; great power competition 103-104; Middle East 260, 265; Venezuela, transatlantic divisions 276, 281-283 Tsygankov, Andrei 14, 24-25, 50nl4 Turkey 106, 108-109, 160, 195, 261, 262, 263, 267, 268-271 Turkmenistan 147-148, 149, 162, 170n5 Turkmenneftegaz 149 TurkStream 109, 149, 154, 170n4, 221 Ukraine: biographical narrative, ontological security 122-123,124-125, 126, 128-135 (see also biographic narrative, Ukraine); Crimea: history, ontological meaning, annexation (see Crimea)·, Donbas civil war, Russian support 46, 97, 99, 122, 133,
306 Index 143-144,191,198,199,214; Euromaidan, Orange revolution (2014)45-46, 51ո21, 98,115, 116,127; Russian energy diplomacy towards 39-40, 116, 142-144, 166, 170n2, 262 Ukraine-EU convergence and Russiarelations: Association Agreement and economic support 97, 116; Eastern Partnership Program (2009) 97-98; vs Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) 45-46, 97, 116; Euromaidan and Crimea annexation / Ukrainian civil war 45-46, 117; Euromaidan, EU support for 98; “gas wars” (2006, 2009) 39-40, 116, 166, 170n2; membership negotiations 46 Ukraine-NATO partner/membership 41,51n21,142-143, 144,147,185-186, 192-193, 196, 197-199; Bucharest summit (2008), decision 96 United Nations (UN) Security Council 85, 86-87, 88n5, 94, 215, 223, 228, 268 U.S. grand strategy 179-212; NATO, post-cold war legitimacy 179; NATO enlargement (see NATO enlargement; NATO expansionism, as strategic threat) U.S.S.R.: Cold War: U.S. economic sanctions 218, 219; Eastern Mediterranean links 255n9; “good times”, U.S.S.R. nostalgia 27-28, 132-133; great power, self-perception 2, 12-13, 21, 34; Latin America 283; strategic culture 37-38; strong state, single-party rule 14; Third World politics, ontological narrative/alliance building 239, 244-247, 248-249, 250, 253-254, 255n9; U.S.S.R.-Russia biographical continuity 27-28, 132-133; and the West 25, 35-36, 39 Uzbekistan 148-149, 150-151, 170n7 UzbekNefteGaz 151 Valdai International Discussion Club 36, 78, 79, 83 Valeriano, Brandon 152, 163 Vandenko, Andrei 78-79 Venezuela: counterterrorism policy (Hezbollah presence) 279-280; external power influence (U.S./EU vs
Russia/China) 276-292; Hugo Chavez election, consequences 277; Human Rights Watch report (2019) 277-278; Maduro government: legitimacy, economic crisis 276, 277-279, 282; oil production/trading, decline 278-279, 280 Venezuela: Russia/China interests: economic 284-289; historical context 283-284 Venezuela: Western powers’ interests: economic, EU 280-281, 292n3; economic, US 28Ö; historical context 277-278; normative and ontological, EU 281; security 278-279; transatlantic divide: US-EU divisions 281-283 Vernadsky, George 20 Vujačić, Veljko 15-16, 21 Walt, Stephen 244 Washington Post 197-198 the “West”, Russian relations 21-26, 30nn4/5; flawed integration 24-26; great power status, validation 23-25; “significant Other” 22, 25-26; Slavophilism, Westernism, Eurasianism 22-23, 135n8, 245, 290 see also European Union; NATO expansion Westernism, Westemizers 22 Westphalian principles (Peace of Westphalia) 74, 80, 84 Woemer, Manfred 189 World War II see Great Patriotic War Yanukovych, Victor 46, 97-98, 116-117, 117, 126, 143, 192 Yatsenyuk, Arsenyi 126 Yeltsin, Boris 18-19, 26, 36, 37, 38, 94, 119, 187, 188, 189-190, 205nl0, 219 Young, Michael D. 73 Yugoslavia, U.S./NATO intervention 35, 38-39, 94, 191 Yushenko, Victor 126, 128 Zarubezhneft 263 Ziegler, Charles E. 214—236 Zygar, Mikhail 117, 192 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek MQnohşff J |
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| contents | Russia's self-image as a great power / Dina Moulioukova and Roger E. Kanet -- Russian strategic culture and renewed conflict with the West / Roger E. Kanet -- Images and decision-making in foreign policy: the case of Vladimir Putin / Aleksandar Jankovski -- Atlanticism in an age of great power competition: is Russia achieving its goals? / Suzanne Loftus -- The battle of ontological narratives: Russia and the annexation of Crimea / Dina Moulioukova and Roger E. Kanet -- The role of energy in Russian foreign policy / Arsen Gasparyan -- NATO, US grand strategy and the Russian response / Rajan Menon and William Ruger -- The Russian response to U.S. sanctions / Charles E. Ziegler -- A comparison of Soviet and Russian foreign policy: ontological security and policy toward Africa / Roger E. Kanet and Dina Moulioukova -- Russia's expanding role in the Eastern Mediterranean: opportunities and challenges / Nuray Ibryamova -- The new great game: ontological factors in Western and rising powers competition in Venezuela / Dina Moulioukova and Karina Brennan |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1302319536 (DE-599)BVBBV047709934 |
| discipline | Politologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Politologie |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>05586nam a2200709 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV047709934</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20231212 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">220125s2022 b||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781032040684</subfield><subfield code="c">hbk.</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-03-204068-4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781032040707</subfield><subfield code="c">pbk.</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-03-204070-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1302319536</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV047709934</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-521</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ML 6600</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)123202:13116</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Russia and the world in the Putin era</subfield><subfield code="b">from theory to reality in Russian global strategy</subfield><subfield code="c">edited by Roger E. Kanet and Dina Moulioukova</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">London ; New York</subfield><subfield code="b">Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group</subfield><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xi, 306 Seiten</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Routledge global security studies</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Russia's self-image as a great power / Dina Moulioukova and Roger E. Kanet -- Russian strategic culture and renewed conflict with the West / Roger E. Kanet -- Images and decision-making in foreign policy: the case of Vladimir Putin / Aleksandar Jankovski -- Atlanticism in an age of great power competition: is Russia achieving its goals? / Suzanne Loftus -- The battle of ontological narratives: Russia and the annexation of Crimea / Dina Moulioukova and Roger E. Kanet -- The role of energy in Russian foreign policy / Arsen Gasparyan -- NATO, US grand strategy and the Russian response / Rajan Menon and William Ruger -- The Russian response to U.S. sanctions / Charles E. Ziegler -- A comparison of Soviet and Russian foreign policy: ontological security and policy toward Africa / Roger E. Kanet and Dina Moulioukova -- Russia's expanding role in the Eastern Mediterranean: opportunities and challenges / Nuray Ibryamova -- The new great game: ontological factors in Western and rising powers competition in Venezuela / Dina Moulioukova and Karina Brennan</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"This volume examines the role of Russia in the world under President Putin's rule. When the Soviet Union disintegrated after the Cold War, Russia seemingly embarked on the establishment of a democratic political system and seemed intent on joining the liberal international order. However, under President Putin's rule, there have been dramatic shifts in Russian domestic and foreign policies, in order to re-establish itself as a great power. This book examines broad aspects of Russian political culture and threat perception, such as Russia's reaction to NATO expansion; its information warfare and energy policies; and its policy towards the Global South, especially the Middle East and Africa. The objective of the analyses is to explain the factors that influence Russian foreign policy, and to show how and why Russian relations with the European Union and the United States have deteriorated so rapidly in recent years. The volume introduces an alternative approach to the standard realist perspective, which often underlies existing analyses of Russian policy - namely, the work offers a theoretical perspective that focuses on the Russian sense of identity and on ontological security. 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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV047709934 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T19:00:22Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:19:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781032040684 9781032040707 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033093727 |
| oclc_num | 1302319536 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-521 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-521 |
| physical | xi, 306 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220321 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Routledge global security studies |
| spelling | Russia and the world in the Putin era from theory to reality in Russian global strategy edited by Roger E. Kanet and Dina Moulioukova London ; New York Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2022 xi, 306 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Routledge global security studies Russia's self-image as a great power / Dina Moulioukova and Roger E. Kanet -- Russian strategic culture and renewed conflict with the West / Roger E. Kanet -- Images and decision-making in foreign policy: the case of Vladimir Putin / Aleksandar Jankovski -- Atlanticism in an age of great power competition: is Russia achieving its goals? / Suzanne Loftus -- The battle of ontological narratives: Russia and the annexation of Crimea / Dina Moulioukova and Roger E. Kanet -- The role of energy in Russian foreign policy / Arsen Gasparyan -- NATO, US grand strategy and the Russian response / Rajan Menon and William Ruger -- The Russian response to U.S. sanctions / Charles E. Ziegler -- A comparison of Soviet and Russian foreign policy: ontological security and policy toward Africa / Roger E. Kanet and Dina Moulioukova -- Russia's expanding role in the Eastern Mediterranean: opportunities and challenges / Nuray Ibryamova -- The new great game: ontological factors in Western and rising powers competition in Venezuela / Dina Moulioukova and Karina Brennan "This volume examines the role of Russia in the world under President Putin's rule. When the Soviet Union disintegrated after the Cold War, Russia seemingly embarked on the establishment of a democratic political system and seemed intent on joining the liberal international order. However, under President Putin's rule, there have been dramatic shifts in Russian domestic and foreign policies, in order to re-establish itself as a great power. This book examines broad aspects of Russian political culture and threat perception, such as Russia's reaction to NATO expansion; its information warfare and energy policies; and its policy towards the Global South, especially the Middle East and Africa. The objective of the analyses is to explain the factors that influence Russian foreign policy, and to show how and why Russian relations with the European Union and the United States have deteriorated so rapidly in recent years. The volume introduces an alternative approach to the standard realist perspective, which often underlies existing analyses of Russian policy - namely, the work offers a theoretical perspective that focuses on the Russian sense of identity and on ontological security. This book will be of much interest to students of Russian foreign policy, security studies, and International Relations"-- Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf Politische Kultur (DE-588)4046540-8 gnd rswk-swf Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations Russia (Federation) / Politics and government / 1991- Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich / 1952- / Influence National security / Russia (Federation) Political culture / Russia (Federation) Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich / 1952- Diplomatic relations Influence (Literary, artistic, etc.) National security Political culture Politics and government Russia (Federation) Since 1991 (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 p Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Politische Kultur (DE-588)4046540-8 s Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 s DE-604 Kanet, Roger E. 1936- (DE-588)12871607X edt Moulioukova, Dina (DE-588)1080829741 edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebk. 978-1-00-319041-7 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033093727&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033093727&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Russia and the world in the Putin era from theory to reality in Russian global strategy Russia's self-image as a great power / Dina Moulioukova and Roger E. Kanet -- Russian strategic culture and renewed conflict with the West / Roger E. Kanet -- Images and decision-making in foreign policy: the case of Vladimir Putin / Aleksandar Jankovski -- Atlanticism in an age of great power competition: is Russia achieving its goals? / Suzanne Loftus -- The battle of ontological narratives: Russia and the annexation of Crimea / Dina Moulioukova and Roger E. Kanet -- The role of energy in Russian foreign policy / Arsen Gasparyan -- NATO, US grand strategy and the Russian response / Rajan Menon and William Ruger -- The Russian response to U.S. sanctions / Charles E. Ziegler -- A comparison of Soviet and Russian foreign policy: ontological security and policy toward Africa / Roger E. Kanet and Dina Moulioukova -- Russia's expanding role in the Eastern Mediterranean: opportunities and challenges / Nuray Ibryamova -- The new great game: ontological factors in Western and rising powers competition in Venezuela / Dina Moulioukova and Karina Brennan Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Politische Kultur (DE-588)4046540-8 gnd Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)122188926 (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)4046540-8 (DE-588)4116489-1 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Russia and the world in the Putin era from theory to reality in Russian global strategy |
| title_auth | Russia and the world in the Putin era from theory to reality in Russian global strategy |
| title_exact_search | Russia and the world in the Putin era from theory to reality in Russian global strategy |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Russia and the world in the Putin era from theory to reality in Russian global strategy |
| title_full | Russia and the world in the Putin era from theory to reality in Russian global strategy edited by Roger E. Kanet and Dina Moulioukova |
| title_fullStr | Russia and the world in the Putin era from theory to reality in Russian global strategy edited by Roger E. Kanet and Dina Moulioukova |
| title_full_unstemmed | Russia and the world in the Putin era from theory to reality in Russian global strategy edited by Roger E. Kanet and Dina Moulioukova |
| title_short | Russia and the world in the Putin era |
| title_sort | russia and the world in the putin era from theory to reality in russian global strategy |
| title_sub | from theory to reality in Russian global strategy |
| topic | Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Politische Kultur (DE-588)4046540-8 gnd Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- Außenpolitik Politische Kultur Sicherheitspolitik Russland Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033093727&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033093727&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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