U.S. emissions trading and what it can teach us for a post-Kyoto world:
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Baden-Baden
Nomos
2021
|
| Edition: | 1st edition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 280 Seiten 22.7 cm x 15.3 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783848783908 3848783908 |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Krause, Fabian |d 1985- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1245039989 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a U.S. emissions trading and what it can teach us for a post-Kyoto world |c Fabian Krause |
| 250 | |a 1st edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Baden-Baden |b Nomos |c 2021 | |
| 300 | |a 280 Seiten |c 22.7 cm x 15.3 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 502 | |b Dissertation |c Universität Köln |d 2021 | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Internationales Umweltrecht |0 (DE-588)4027453-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Klimaschutz |0 (DE-588)7547705-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Umweltzertifikathandel |0 (DE-588)4572791-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a USA |0 (DE-588)4078704-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 653 | |a Emissionshandel | ||
| 653 | |a USA | ||
| 653 | |a Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika | ||
| 653 | |a Klimawandel | ||
| 653 | |a Kyoto-Protokoll | ||
| 653 | |a Pariser Klimaabkommen | ||
| 653 | |a Emissionszertifikate | ||
| 653 | |a Climate Change | ||
| 653 | |a Climate Change Law | ||
| 653 | |a Emissions Trading | ||
| 653 | |a Zertifikatshandel | ||
| 653 | |a Emissionszertifikatshandel | ||
| 653 | |a Paris Agreement | ||
| 653 | |a Internationales Umweltrecht | ||
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| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Internationales Umweltrecht |0 (DE-588)4027453-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 710 | 2 | |a Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft |0 (DE-588)117513-0 |4 pbl | |
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| 883 | 1 | |8 1\p |a vlb |d 20211013 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#vlb | |
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804182948651466752 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
TABLE
OF
ABBREVIATIONS
13
A.
INTRODUCTION
15
I.
INTRODUCTION
TO
THE
TOPIC
15
1.
THE
TOPIC
15
2.
RESEARCH
CONTEXT
16
3.
RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES
AND
QUESTIONS
17
A.
ANALYSIS
OF
EMISSIONS
TRADING
IN
THE
UNITED
STATES
18
B.
GRASSROOTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
REGULATION
AS
A
POTENTIAL
SOLUTION
TO
THE
KYOTO
SHORTCOMINGS:
POLICY
SHIFT
FROM
KYOTO
TO
PARIS
19
II.
METHODS
20
III.
STRUCTURE AND
CONTENTS
23
IV.
TERMS
24
B.
CLIMATE
CHANGE
AND
THE
NECESSITY
OF
REGULATION
26
C.
INTERNATIONAL
RESPONSE
TO
CLIMATE
CHANGE
31
I.
GLOBAL
POLLUTION
AS
A
FREE-RIDER
PROBLEM
32
II.
CLIMATE
CHANGE
AND
ITS
INTERNATIONAL
RESPONSE:
FROM
UNFCCC
TO
KYOTO
AND
DOHA
34
III.
THE
KYOTO
PROTOCOL
37
1.
HISTORY
OF
THE
KYOTO
PROTOCOL
37
2.
THE
KYOTO
PROTOCOL
REGIME
38
A.
INTERNATIONAL
EMISSIONS
TRADING
40
B.
JOINT
IMPLEMENTATION
41
C.
THE
CLEAN
DEVELOPMENT
MECHANISM
41
AA.
BASIC
FRAMEWORK
42
BB.
CDM
ECONOMICS
45
CC.
CDM
AS
LINKING
INSTRUMENT
46
DD.
THE
THEORETICAL
BENEFITS
OF
LINKING
IN
THE
KYOTO
CONTEXT
47
5
4.
WHY
THE
KYOTO
PROTOCOL
FAILED
48
5.
KYOTO
RESULTS
AND
THE
COPENHAGEN
ACCORD
51
IV.
THE
PARIS
AGREEMENT
53
1.
BASIC
CONTENT
53
2.
LEGAL
CHARACTER
56
3.
THE
PARIS
AGREEMENT
AND
EMISSIONS
TRADING
58
4.
SUMMARY:
THE
PARIS
AGREEMENT
59
V.
INTERNATIONAL
LEGAL
PRINCIPLES
RELATING
TO
CLIMATE
CHANGE
61
1.
INTRODUCTION
TO
INTERNATIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
LAW
61
2.
PRINCIPLES
OF
INTERNATIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
LAW
62
A.
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
64
AA.
HISTORY
OF
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
64
BB.
DEFINITION
66
B.
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
SOVEREIGNTY
AND
TERRITORIAL
INTEGRITY
69
C.
THE
PRECAUTIONARY
PRINCIPLE
AND
PRINCIPLE
OF
PREVENTION
69
AA.
THE
PRECAUTIONARY
PRINCIPLE
69
BB.
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
PREVENTION
70
CC.
DIFFERENTIATION
BETWEEN
THE
PRECAUTIONARY
PRINCIPLE
AND
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
PREVENTION
76
D.
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
COMMON
BUT
DIFFERENTIATED
RESPONSIBILITIES
77
E.
THE
CONCEPT
OF
COMMON
HERITAGE
OF
MANKIND
78
F.
THE
POLLUTER
AND
USER
PAYS
PRINCIPLE
79
G.
THE
DUE
DILIGENCE
PRINCIPLE
81
H.
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
EQUITABLE
UTILIZATION
OF
SHARED
RESOURCES
81
I.
THE
LIABILITY
PRINCIPLE
83
3.
CONCLUSION
AND
RELEVANCE
FOR
THE
TOPIC
84
D.
(NATIONAL)
ENVIRONMENTAL
REGULATION
AND
THE
THEORY
OF
EMISSIONS
TRADING
88
I.
BASICS
OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
REGULATION
88
II.
THE
TOOL
CASE:
AVAILABLE
INSTRUMENTS
92
1.
COMMAND
AND
CONTROL
92
2.
PIGOUVIAN
TAXES
94
3.
CAP-AND-TRADE
96
A.
WHAT
IS
CAP-AND-TRADE
96
6
B.
EMISSION
REDUCTION
CREDITS
VS.
ALLOWANCES
97
III.
THEORETICAL
IDEAS
BEHIND
EMISSIONS
TRADING
98
1.
POLLUTION
AS
EXTERNALITY
98
A.
EXTERNALITIES
AND
SOCIAL
COSTS
98
B.
SOCIAL
COSTS
IN
INSTITUTIONAL
ECONOMICS
100
C.
TRAGEDY
OF
THE
COMMONS:
THE
PRISONER
S
DILEMMA
IN
INTERNATIONAL
POLLUTION
POLICY
101
2.
COASE
AND
THE
PROBLEM
OF
SOCIAL
COSTS
102
A.
UNDERSTANDING
COASIAN
BARGAINING
102
B.
COASE
AND
CAP-AND-TRADE:
THE
IMPORTANCE
OF
THE
MARKET
AND
INDEPENDENT
PERMIT
ALLOCATION
104
AA.
TRANSACTION
COSTS
104
BB.
MARKET
POWER
105
CC.
UNCERTAINTY
REGARDING
FUTURE
PRICES
106
DD.
CONDITIONAL
ALLOWANCE
ALLOCATIONS
107
EE.
NON-MINIMIZING
BEHAVIOR
BY
FIRMS
107
FF.
DIFFERENTIAL
REGULATORY
TREATMENT
OF
ENTITIES
108
GG.
CONCLUSION
109
C.
TAKEAWAYS
FROM
PIGOU
VS.
COASE
109
IV.
EMISSIONS
TRADING
VS.
OTHER
TYPES
OF
REGULATION
110
1.
COST-BENEFIT
ANALYSIS
AND
POLLUTION
110
2.
OTHER
ECONOMIC
AND
REGULATORY
CONSIDERATIONS
112
V.
EMISSIONS
TRADING
THEORY
IN
DETAIL:
DESIGN
114
1.
CAP
114
A.
ABSOLUTE
AND
RELATIVE
TARGETS
114
B.
STRICT
OR
MOVING
TARGETS
115
C.
COVERAGE
115
D.
UPSTREAM
VS.
DOWNSTREAM
CAPS
115
E.
OFFSET
CREDITS
116
2.
ALLOCATION
118
A.
ALLOCATION
METHOD
118
B.
FREE
ALLOCATION
VS.
SELLING
120
3.
OVERALLOCATION
121
A.
OVERALLOCATION
121
AA.
AVOIDING
OVERALLOCATION
-
THE
FEASIBILITY
PRINCIPLE
122
BB.
SUBSEQUENT
CORRECTION
OF
OVERALLOCATION
124
4.
EMISSIONS
MANAGEMENT
PERIOD
124
5.
BANKING
125
6.
BORROWING
125
7
7.
TRADING
AND
PRICING
126
8.
LINKING
127
A.
LINKING
DESIGN
IN
THEORY
128
AA.
ONE-WAY
AND
TWO-WAY
LINKAGES
128
BB.
ONE-WAY
LINKAGES
BETWEEN
CAP-AND-TRADE
AND
CREDIT
SYSTEMS
129
CC.
INDIRECT
NATIONAL
TRADING
LINKAGE
129
B.
LINKING
PROVISIONS
IN
THE
REAL
WORLD
129
9.
COMPLIANCE
131
10.
EMISSIONS
LEAKAGE
132
VI.
CONCLUSION
-
AN
EFFICIENT
CAP-AND-TRADE
PROGRAM
132
VII.
BOTTOM-UP
LINKING
VS.
TOP-DOWN
CAP-AND-TRADE
133
1.
DESIGN
FACTORS
-
REQUIREMENTS
OF
AN
EFFECTIVE
POLICY
REGIME
134
2.
ECONOMIC
STUDIES
ON
LINKING
AS
COALITION
FORMING
136
VIII.
BOTTOM-UP
AND
TOP-DOWN
AS
USED
IN
THIS
THESIS
139
E.
EMISSIONS
TRADING
IN
THE
U.S.
AND
ITS
LESSONS
FOR
INTERNATIONAL
CLIMATE
CHANGE
REGULATION
141
I.
THE
ACID
RAIN
PROGRAM
150
1.
HISTORY
151
A.
BACKGROUND
151
B.
REGULATORY
HISTORY
152
2.
REGULATORY
STRUCTURE
IN
PHASE
II
152
A.
COVERAGE
152
AA.
GEOGRAPHICAL
153
BB.
COVERED
SOURCES
153
B.
CAP
154
C.
ALLOCATION
OF
ALLOWANCES
154
D.
BANKING
AND
TRADING
156
AA.
RULES
156
BB.
ALLOWANCE
MARKET
157
CC.
BANKING DATA
158
E.
OFFSET
CREDITS
AND
PROJECTS
158
F.
COMPLIANCE
159
3.
ANALYSIS
159
4.
CONCLUSION
162
5.
THE
ACID
RAIN
PROGRAM
AFTER
2010
163
6.
THE
ACID
RAIN
PROGRAM
AS
AN
EXAMPLE
FOR
BOTTOM-UP
REGULATION
163
8
7.
LESSONS
LEARNED
FROM
THE
ACID
RAIN
PROGRAM
FOR
A
POST
KYOTO
WORLD
164
II.
ILLINOIS
EMISSIONS
REDUCTION
MARKET
SYSTEM
(ERMS)
165
1.
INTRODUCTION
165
2.
COVERAGE
167
A.
GEOGRAPHICAL
COVERAGE
167
B.
EMISSIONS
MANAGEMENT
PERIOD
167
C.
REGULATED
SOURCES
AND
PARTICIPANTS
167
3.
ALLOCATION
OF
ALLOWANCES
169
A.
BASELINE
EMISSIONS
169
B.
ALLOCATION
BASICS
169
4.
BANKING
AND
TRADING
OF
CREDITS
171
A.
GENERAL
PROVISIONS
ON
TRADING
171
B.
ALTERNATIVE
COMPLIANCE
MARKET
ACCOUNT
(ACMA)
171
C.
BANKING
173
D.
MARKET
EFFICIENCY
174
5.
OFFSET
CREDITS
AND
PROJECTS
175
6.
LINKING
175
7.
CRITICISM
176
A.
OVERALLOCATION
176
AA.
DATA
176
BB.
EXPLANATIONS
FOR
THE
OVERALLOCATION
177
B.
THE
ERMS
IN
ECONOMIC
SCHOLARSHIP
179
C.
CONCLUSION
180
8.
THE
ERMS
AS
AN
EXAMPLE
FOR
BOTTOM-UP
REGULATION
181
9.
LESSONS
LEARNED
FROM
THE
ERMS
FOR
A
POST-KYOTO
WORLD
181
III.
REGIONAL
GREENHOUSE
GAS
INITIATIVE
182
1.
THE
MEMORANDUM
OF
UNDERSTANDING
183
2.
FROM
THE
MODEL
RULE
TO
STATE
LEGISLATURE
185
3.
MODEL
RULES:
THE
CO2
BUDGET
TRADING
PROGRAMS
185
A.
COVERAGE
185
B.
CAP
186
C.
ALLOCATION
OF
ALLOWANCES
187
AA.
PRICE
CONTROL
IN
THE
RGGI
MR:
THE
COST
CONTAINMENT
RESERVE
188
BB.
VOLUNTARY
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
MARKET
SET-ASIDE
ALLOCATION
189
CC.
OPTIONAL
LIMITED
EXEMPTION
SET-ASIDE
ALLOCATION
189
9
D.
TRADING
AND
BANKING
190
AA.
REGULATORY
RULES
190
BB.
MARKET
DATA
191
E.
OFFSET
CREDITS
193
F.
COMPLIANCE
195
D.
LINKING
196
4.
ANALYSIS
197
A.
ENVIRONMENTAL
ANALYSIS
197
B.
MARKET
ANALYSIS
199
5.
CONCLUSION
200
A.
ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS
200
B.
MARKET
DESIGN
201
6.
THE
RGGI
AS
AN
EXAMPLE
FOR
A
TOP-DOWN
REGULATION
201
7.
LESSONS
FROM
THE
RGGI
FOR
A
POST-KYOTO
WORLD
202
IV.
CALIFORNIA
GLOBAL
WARMING
SOLUTIONS
ACT
OF
2006
204
1.
WESTERN
CLIMATE
INITIATIVE
205
A.
COVERAGE
205
B.
CAP
206
C.
ALLOCATION
OF
ALLOWANCES
207
D.
TRADING
208
E.
OFFSET
CREDITS
AND
PROJECTS
209
F.
COMPLIANCE
210
D.
LINKING
211
2.
ASSEMBLY
BILL
32
212
3.
CALIFORNIA
S
CAP-AND-TRADE
PROGRAM
214
A.
COVERAGE
214
B.
CAP
215
C.
ALLOCATION
OF
ALLOWANCES
216
D.
TRADING
AND
BANKING
219
AA.
REGULATORY
ENVIRONMENT
219
BB.
DATA
220
(1)
AUCTIONING
DATA
221
(2)
SECONDARY
MARKET
DATA
222
E.
OFFSET
CREDITS
AND
PROJECTS
223
AA.
REGULATORY
ENVIRONMENT
223
BB.
DATA
224
F.
COMPLIANCE
224
D.
LINKING
227
4.
ANALYSIS
227
A.
ENVIRONMENTAL
ANALYSIS
227
10
B.
ECONOMIC
ANALYSIS
228
C.
MARKET
ANALYSIS
229
D.
OFFSETS
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
JUSTICE
230
E.
OFFSETS
AND
MARKET
DESIGN
232
5.
CONCLUSION
232
6.
THE
WCI
AS
AN
EXAMPLE
FOR
BOTTOM-UP
REGULATION
234
7.
LESSONS
FROM
THE
WCI
FOR
A
POST-KYOTO
WORLD
235
F.
CONCLUSION:
LESSONS
FROM
U.S.
EMISSIONS
TRADING
237
I.
CONCLUSION:
DOES
EMISSIONS
TRADING
WORK?
237
II.
GROWTH
AND
LINKAGE
POTENTIAL
242
III.
OPTIMIZING
DESIGN:
FIXING
A
BROKEN
SYSTEM?
244
1.
SYSTEMATIC
ISSUES
WITH
EMISSIONS
TRADING
244
2.
A
CASE
FOR
HARMONIZED
SECTORAL
BOTTOM-UP
REGULATION?
250
3.
IMPLICATIONS
FROM
INTERNATIONAL
LAW
251
IV.
EMISSIONS
TRADING
DECISION
MAKING
254
V.
CONCLUSION:
CAN
BOTTOM-UP
TRADING
WORK?
256
G.
WHAT
U.S.
EMISSIONS
TRADING
TEACHES
US
ABOUT
EMISSIONS
TRADING,
BOTTOM-UP
REGULATION,
AND
LINKAGE
IN
AN
INTERNATIONAL
CONTEXT
263
REFERENCES
265
11
|
| adam_txt |
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
TABLE
OF
ABBREVIATIONS
13
A.
INTRODUCTION
15
I.
INTRODUCTION
TO
THE
TOPIC
15
1.
THE
TOPIC
15
2.
RESEARCH
CONTEXT
16
3.
RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES
AND
QUESTIONS
17
A.
ANALYSIS
OF
EMISSIONS
TRADING
IN
THE
UNITED
STATES
18
B.
GRASSROOTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
REGULATION
AS
A
POTENTIAL
SOLUTION
TO
THE
KYOTO
SHORTCOMINGS:
POLICY
SHIFT
FROM
KYOTO
TO
PARIS
19
II.
METHODS
20
III.
STRUCTURE AND
CONTENTS
23
IV.
TERMS
24
B.
CLIMATE
CHANGE
AND
THE
NECESSITY
OF
REGULATION
26
C.
INTERNATIONAL
RESPONSE
TO
CLIMATE
CHANGE
31
I.
GLOBAL
POLLUTION
AS
A
FREE-RIDER
PROBLEM
32
II.
CLIMATE
CHANGE
AND
ITS
INTERNATIONAL
RESPONSE:
FROM
UNFCCC
TO
KYOTO
AND
DOHA
34
III.
THE
KYOTO
PROTOCOL
37
1.
HISTORY
OF
THE
KYOTO
PROTOCOL
37
2.
THE
KYOTO
PROTOCOL
REGIME
38
A.
INTERNATIONAL
EMISSIONS
TRADING
40
B.
JOINT
IMPLEMENTATION
41
C.
THE
CLEAN
DEVELOPMENT
MECHANISM
41
AA.
BASIC
FRAMEWORK
42
BB.
CDM
ECONOMICS
45
CC.
CDM
AS
LINKING
INSTRUMENT
46
DD.
THE
THEORETICAL
BENEFITS
OF
LINKING
IN
THE
KYOTO
CONTEXT
47
5
4.
WHY
THE
KYOTO
PROTOCOL
FAILED
48
5.
KYOTO
RESULTS
AND
THE
COPENHAGEN
ACCORD
51
IV.
THE
PARIS
AGREEMENT
53
1.
BASIC
CONTENT
53
2.
LEGAL
CHARACTER
56
3.
THE
PARIS
AGREEMENT
AND
EMISSIONS
TRADING
58
4.
SUMMARY:
THE
PARIS
AGREEMENT
59
V.
INTERNATIONAL
LEGAL
PRINCIPLES
RELATING
TO
CLIMATE
CHANGE
61
1.
INTRODUCTION
TO
INTERNATIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
LAW
61
2.
PRINCIPLES
OF
INTERNATIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
LAW
62
A.
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
64
AA.
HISTORY
OF
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
64
BB.
DEFINITION
66
B.
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
SOVEREIGNTY
AND
TERRITORIAL
INTEGRITY
69
C.
THE
PRECAUTIONARY
PRINCIPLE
AND
PRINCIPLE
OF
PREVENTION
69
AA.
THE
PRECAUTIONARY
PRINCIPLE
69
BB.
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
PREVENTION
70
CC.
DIFFERENTIATION
BETWEEN
THE
PRECAUTIONARY
PRINCIPLE
AND
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
PREVENTION
76
D.
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
COMMON
BUT
DIFFERENTIATED
RESPONSIBILITIES
77
E.
THE
CONCEPT
OF
COMMON
HERITAGE
OF
MANKIND
78
F.
THE
POLLUTER
AND
USER
PAYS
PRINCIPLE
79
G.
THE
DUE
DILIGENCE
PRINCIPLE
81
H.
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
EQUITABLE
UTILIZATION
OF
SHARED
RESOURCES
81
I.
THE
LIABILITY
PRINCIPLE
83
3.
CONCLUSION
AND
RELEVANCE
FOR
THE
TOPIC
84
D.
(NATIONAL)
ENVIRONMENTAL
REGULATION
AND
THE
THEORY
OF
EMISSIONS
TRADING
88
I.
BASICS
OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
REGULATION
88
II.
THE
TOOL
CASE:
AVAILABLE
INSTRUMENTS
92
1.
COMMAND
AND
CONTROL
92
2.
PIGOUVIAN
TAXES
94
3.
CAP-AND-TRADE
96
A.
WHAT
IS
CAP-AND-TRADE
96
6
B.
EMISSION
REDUCTION
CREDITS
VS.
ALLOWANCES
97
III.
THEORETICAL
IDEAS
BEHIND
EMISSIONS
TRADING
98
1.
POLLUTION
AS
EXTERNALITY
98
A.
EXTERNALITIES
AND
SOCIAL
COSTS
98
B.
SOCIAL
COSTS
IN
INSTITUTIONAL
ECONOMICS
100
C.
TRAGEDY
OF
THE
COMMONS:
THE
PRISONER
'
S
DILEMMA
IN
INTERNATIONAL
POLLUTION
POLICY
101
2.
COASE
AND
THE
PROBLEM
OF
SOCIAL
COSTS
102
A.
UNDERSTANDING
COASIAN
BARGAINING
102
B.
COASE
AND
CAP-AND-TRADE:
THE
IMPORTANCE
OF
THE
MARKET
AND
INDEPENDENT
PERMIT
ALLOCATION
104
AA.
TRANSACTION
COSTS
104
BB.
MARKET
POWER
105
CC.
UNCERTAINTY
REGARDING
FUTURE
PRICES
106
DD.
CONDITIONAL
ALLOWANCE
ALLOCATIONS
107
EE.
NON-MINIMIZING
BEHAVIOR
BY
FIRMS
107
FF.
DIFFERENTIAL
REGULATORY
TREATMENT
OF
ENTITIES
108
GG.
CONCLUSION
109
C.
TAKEAWAYS
FROM
PIGOU
VS.
COASE
109
IV.
EMISSIONS
TRADING
VS.
OTHER
TYPES
OF
REGULATION
110
1.
COST-BENEFIT
ANALYSIS
AND
POLLUTION
110
2.
OTHER
ECONOMIC
AND
REGULATORY
CONSIDERATIONS
112
V.
EMISSIONS
TRADING
THEORY
IN
DETAIL:
DESIGN
114
1.
CAP
114
A.
ABSOLUTE
AND
RELATIVE
TARGETS
114
B.
STRICT
OR
MOVING
TARGETS
115
C.
COVERAGE
115
D.
UPSTREAM
VS.
DOWNSTREAM
CAPS
115
E.
OFFSET
CREDITS
116
2.
ALLOCATION
118
A.
ALLOCATION
METHOD
118
B.
FREE
ALLOCATION
VS.
SELLING
120
3.
OVERALLOCATION
121
A.
OVERALLOCATION
121
AA.
AVOIDING
OVERALLOCATION
-
THE
FEASIBILITY
PRINCIPLE
122
BB.
SUBSEQUENT
CORRECTION
OF
OVERALLOCATION
124
4.
EMISSIONS
MANAGEMENT
PERIOD
124
5.
BANKING
125
6.
BORROWING
125
7
7.
TRADING
AND
PRICING
126
8.
LINKING
127
A.
LINKING
DESIGN
IN
THEORY
128
AA.
ONE-WAY
AND
TWO-WAY
LINKAGES
128
BB.
ONE-WAY
LINKAGES
BETWEEN
CAP-AND-TRADE
AND
CREDIT
SYSTEMS
129
CC.
INDIRECT
NATIONAL
TRADING
LINKAGE
129
B.
LINKING
PROVISIONS
IN
THE
REAL
WORLD
129
9.
COMPLIANCE
131
10.
EMISSIONS
LEAKAGE
132
VI.
CONCLUSION
-
AN
EFFICIENT
CAP-AND-TRADE
PROGRAM
132
VII.
BOTTOM-UP
LINKING
VS.
TOP-DOWN
CAP-AND-TRADE
133
1.
DESIGN
FACTORS
-
REQUIREMENTS
OF
AN
EFFECTIVE
POLICY
REGIME
134
2.
ECONOMIC
STUDIES
ON
LINKING
AS
COALITION
FORMING
136
VIII.
BOTTOM-UP
AND
TOP-DOWN
AS
USED
IN
THIS
THESIS
139
E.
EMISSIONS
TRADING
IN
THE
U.S.
AND
ITS
LESSONS
FOR
INTERNATIONAL
CLIMATE
CHANGE
REGULATION
141
I.
THE
ACID
RAIN
PROGRAM
150
1.
HISTORY
151
A.
BACKGROUND
151
B.
REGULATORY
HISTORY
152
2.
REGULATORY
STRUCTURE
IN
PHASE
II
152
A.
COVERAGE
152
AA.
GEOGRAPHICAL
153
BB.
COVERED
SOURCES
153
B.
CAP
154
C.
ALLOCATION
OF
ALLOWANCES
154
D.
BANKING
AND
TRADING
156
AA.
RULES
156
BB.
ALLOWANCE
MARKET
157
CC.
BANKING DATA
158
E.
OFFSET
CREDITS
AND
PROJECTS
158
F.
COMPLIANCE
159
3.
ANALYSIS
159
4.
CONCLUSION
162
5.
THE
ACID
RAIN
PROGRAM
AFTER
2010
163
6.
THE
ACID
RAIN
PROGRAM
AS
AN
EXAMPLE
FOR
BOTTOM-UP
REGULATION
163
8
7.
LESSONS
LEARNED
FROM
THE
ACID
RAIN
PROGRAM
FOR
A
POST
KYOTO
WORLD
164
II.
ILLINOIS
EMISSIONS
REDUCTION
MARKET
SYSTEM
(ERMS)
165
1.
INTRODUCTION
165
2.
COVERAGE
167
A.
GEOGRAPHICAL
COVERAGE
167
B.
EMISSIONS
MANAGEMENT
PERIOD
167
C.
REGULATED
SOURCES
AND
PARTICIPANTS
167
3.
ALLOCATION
OF
ALLOWANCES
169
A.
BASELINE
EMISSIONS
169
B.
ALLOCATION
BASICS
169
4.
BANKING
AND
TRADING
OF
CREDITS
171
A.
GENERAL
PROVISIONS
ON
TRADING
171
B.
ALTERNATIVE
COMPLIANCE
MARKET
ACCOUNT
(ACMA)
171
C.
BANKING
173
D.
MARKET
EFFICIENCY
174
5.
OFFSET
CREDITS
AND
PROJECTS
175
6.
LINKING
175
7.
CRITICISM
176
A.
OVERALLOCATION
176
AA.
DATA
176
BB.
EXPLANATIONS
FOR
THE
OVERALLOCATION
177
B.
THE
ERMS
IN
ECONOMIC
SCHOLARSHIP
179
C.
CONCLUSION
180
8.
THE
ERMS
AS
AN
EXAMPLE
FOR
BOTTOM-UP
REGULATION
181
9.
LESSONS
LEARNED
FROM
THE
ERMS
FOR
A
POST-KYOTO
WORLD
181
III.
REGIONAL
GREENHOUSE
GAS
INITIATIVE
182
1.
THE
MEMORANDUM
OF
UNDERSTANDING
183
2.
FROM
THE
MODEL
RULE
TO
STATE
LEGISLATURE
185
3.
MODEL
RULES:
THE
CO2
BUDGET
TRADING
PROGRAMS
185
A.
COVERAGE
185
B.
CAP
186
C.
ALLOCATION
OF
ALLOWANCES
187
AA.
PRICE
CONTROL
IN
THE
RGGI
MR:
THE
COST
CONTAINMENT
RESERVE
188
BB.
VOLUNTARY
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
MARKET
SET-ASIDE
ALLOCATION
189
CC.
OPTIONAL
LIMITED
EXEMPTION
SET-ASIDE
ALLOCATION
189
9
D.
TRADING
AND
BANKING
190
AA.
REGULATORY
RULES
190
BB.
MARKET
DATA
191
E.
OFFSET
CREDITS
193
F.
COMPLIANCE
195
D.
LINKING
196
4.
ANALYSIS
197
A.
ENVIRONMENTAL
ANALYSIS
197
B.
MARKET
ANALYSIS
199
5.
CONCLUSION
200
A.
ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS
200
B.
MARKET
DESIGN
201
6.
THE
RGGI
AS
AN
EXAMPLE
FOR
A
TOP-DOWN
REGULATION
201
7.
LESSONS
FROM
THE
RGGI
FOR
A
POST-KYOTO
WORLD
202
IV.
CALIFORNIA
GLOBAL
WARMING
SOLUTIONS
ACT
OF
2006
204
1.
WESTERN
CLIMATE
INITIATIVE
205
A.
COVERAGE
205
B.
CAP
206
C.
ALLOCATION
OF
ALLOWANCES
207
D.
TRADING
208
E.
OFFSET
CREDITS
AND
PROJECTS
209
F.
COMPLIANCE
210
D.
LINKING
211
2.
ASSEMBLY
BILL
32
212
3.
CALIFORNIA
'
S
CAP-AND-TRADE
PROGRAM
214
A.
COVERAGE
214
B.
CAP
215
C.
ALLOCATION
OF
ALLOWANCES
216
D.
TRADING
AND
BANKING
219
AA.
REGULATORY
ENVIRONMENT
219
BB.
DATA
220
(1)
AUCTIONING
DATA
221
(2)
SECONDARY
MARKET
DATA
222
E.
OFFSET
CREDITS
AND
PROJECTS
223
AA.
REGULATORY
ENVIRONMENT
223
BB.
DATA
224
F.
COMPLIANCE
224
D.
LINKING
227
4.
ANALYSIS
227
A.
ENVIRONMENTAL
ANALYSIS
227
10
B.
ECONOMIC
ANALYSIS
228
C.
MARKET
ANALYSIS
229
D.
OFFSETS
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
JUSTICE
230
E.
OFFSETS
AND
MARKET
DESIGN
232
5.
CONCLUSION
232
6.
THE
WCI
AS
AN
EXAMPLE
FOR
BOTTOM-UP
REGULATION
234
7.
LESSONS
FROM
THE
WCI
FOR
A
POST-KYOTO
WORLD
235
F.
CONCLUSION:
LESSONS
FROM
U.S.
EMISSIONS
TRADING
237
I.
CONCLUSION:
DOES
EMISSIONS
TRADING
WORK?
237
II.
GROWTH
AND
LINKAGE
POTENTIAL
242
III.
OPTIMIZING
DESIGN:
FIXING
A
BROKEN
SYSTEM?
244
1.
SYSTEMATIC
ISSUES
WITH
EMISSIONS
TRADING
244
2.
A
CASE
FOR
HARMONIZED
SECTORAL
BOTTOM-UP
REGULATION?
250
3.
IMPLICATIONS
FROM
INTERNATIONAL
LAW
251
IV.
EMISSIONS
TRADING
DECISION
MAKING
254
V.
CONCLUSION:
CAN
"
BOTTOM-UP
"
TRADING
WORK?
256
G.
WHAT
U.S.
EMISSIONS
TRADING
TEACHES
US
ABOUT
EMISSIONS
TRADING,
BOTTOM-UP
REGULATION,
AND
LINKAGE
IN
AN
INTERNATIONAL
CONTEXT
263
REFERENCES
265
11 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Krause, Fabian 1985- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1245039989 |
| author_facet | Krause, Fabian 1985- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Krause, Fabian 1985- |
| author_variant | f k fk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047589407 |
| classification_rvk | PR 2359 MF 9150 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1277294397 (DE-599)DNB1243103000 |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft Politologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft Politologie |
| edition | 1st edition |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| geographic | USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd |
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| id | DE-604.BV047589407 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:35:44Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:15:40Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)117513-0 |
| isbn | 9783848783908 3848783908 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032974608 |
| oclc_num | 1277294397 |
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| owner | DE-20 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-188 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-20 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-188 DE-11 |
| physical | 280 Seiten 22.7 cm x 15.3 cm |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
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| publisher | Nomos |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Krause, Fabian 1985- Verfasser (DE-588)1245039989 aut U.S. emissions trading and what it can teach us for a post-Kyoto world Fabian Krause 1st edition Baden-Baden Nomos 2021 280 Seiten 22.7 cm x 15.3 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Dissertation Universität Köln 2021 Internationales Umweltrecht (DE-588)4027453-6 gnd rswk-swf Klimaschutz (DE-588)7547705-1 gnd rswk-swf Umweltzertifikathandel (DE-588)4572791-0 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Emissionshandel USA Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika Klimawandel Kyoto-Protokoll Pariser Klimaabkommen Emissionszertifikate Climate Change Climate Change Law Emissions Trading Zertifikatshandel Emissionszertifikatshandel Paris Agreement Internationales Umweltrecht (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Klimaschutz (DE-588)7547705-1 s Umweltzertifikathandel (DE-588)4572791-0 s Internationales Umweltrecht (DE-588)4027453-6 s DE-604 Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft (DE-588)117513-0 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-3-7489-2780-8 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=e2534e62883444e0855e6978508e1679&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032974608&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p vlb 20211013 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#vlb |
| spellingShingle | Krause, Fabian 1985- U.S. emissions trading and what it can teach us for a post-Kyoto world Internationales Umweltrecht (DE-588)4027453-6 gnd Klimaschutz (DE-588)7547705-1 gnd Umweltzertifikathandel (DE-588)4572791-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4027453-6 (DE-588)7547705-1 (DE-588)4572791-0 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | U.S. emissions trading and what it can teach us for a post-Kyoto world |
| title_auth | U.S. emissions trading and what it can teach us for a post-Kyoto world |
| title_exact_search | U.S. emissions trading and what it can teach us for a post-Kyoto world |
| title_exact_search_txtP | U.S. emissions trading and what it can teach us for a post-Kyoto world |
| title_full | U.S. emissions trading and what it can teach us for a post-Kyoto world Fabian Krause |
| title_fullStr | U.S. emissions trading and what it can teach us for a post-Kyoto world Fabian Krause |
| title_full_unstemmed | U.S. emissions trading and what it can teach us for a post-Kyoto world Fabian Krause |
| title_short | U.S. emissions trading and what it can teach us for a post-Kyoto world |
| title_sort | u s emissions trading and what it can teach us for a post kyoto world |
| topic | Internationales Umweltrecht (DE-588)4027453-6 gnd Klimaschutz (DE-588)7547705-1 gnd Umweltzertifikathandel (DE-588)4572791-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Internationales Umweltrecht Klimaschutz Umweltzertifikathandel USA Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=e2534e62883444e0855e6978508e1679&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032974608&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT krausefabian usemissionstradingandwhatitcanteachusforapostkyotoworld AT nomosverlagsgesellschaft usemissionstradingandwhatitcanteachusforapostkyotoworld |