Phase transformations in metals and alloys:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boca Raton ; London ; New York
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group
2022
|
| Edition: | Fourth edition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | xxi, 556 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9780367430344 9780367820770 |
Staff View
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV047559628 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20220613 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 211026s2022 a||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9780367430344 |c pbk. |9 978-0-367-43034-4 | ||
| 020 | |a 9780367820770 |c hbk. |9 978-0-367-82077-0 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1280053059 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV047559628 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-29T |a DE-19 |a DE-83 |a DE-703 |a DE-861 | ||
| 084 | |a VE 9500 |0 (DE-625)147155:253 |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a ZM 4200 |0 (DE-625)157035: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a UQ 7200 |0 (DE-625)146570: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Porter, David A. |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1141309467 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Phase transformations in metals and alloys |c David A. Porter, Kenneth E. Easterling, and Mohamed Y. Sherif |
| 250 | |a Fourth edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton ; London ; New York |b CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group |c 2022 | |
| 300 | |a xxi, 556 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Phasendiagramm |0 (DE-588)4174149-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Diffusion |0 (DE-588)4012277-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Legierung |0 (DE-588)4035035-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Mikrostruktur |0 (DE-588)4131028-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Metall |0 (DE-588)4038860-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Phasenumwandlung |0 (DE-588)4132140-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Metall |0 (DE-588)4038860-8 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Phasenumwandlung |0 (DE-588)4132140-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Mikrostruktur |0 (DE-588)4131028-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Phasendiagramm |0 (DE-588)4174149-3 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Diffusion |0 (DE-588)4012277-3 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 5 | |a Legierung |0 (DE-588)4035035-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Legierung |0 (DE-588)4035035-6 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Metall |0 (DE-588)4038860-8 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 2 | |a Phasenumwandlung |0 (DE-588)4132140-6 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Easterling, Kenneth E. |d 1933-1992 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)122608151 |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sherif, Mohamed Y. |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1149180056 |4 aut | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-1-003-01180-4 |
| 780 | 0 | 0 | |i Vorangegangen ist |z 978-1-420-06210-6 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032935096&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032935096 | ||
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804182885772558336 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents Preface to the Fourth Edition....................................................................................xi Preface to the Third Edition.................................................................................... xv Preface to the Second Edition............................................................................... xvii Preface to the First Edition.................................................................................... xix About the Author of the Fourth Edition.................................................................xxi Chapter 1 Thermodynamics and Phase Diagrams.................................................1 Equilibrium.................................................................................. 1 Single-Component Systems......................................................... 4 1.2.1 Gibbs Free Energy as a Function of Temperature........ 4 1.2.2 Pressure Effects..............................................................7 1.2.3 The Driving Force for Solidification............................. 9 1.3 Binary Solutions.........................................................................10 1.3.1 The Gibbs Free Energy of Binary Solutions................ 10 1.3.2 Ideal Solutions.............................................................. 12 1.3.3 Chemical Potential....................................................... 15 1.3.4 Regular Solutions......................................................... 17 1.3.5 Activity........................................................................ 20 1.3.6 Real
Solutions.............................................................. 22 1.3.7 Ordered Phases............................................................ 23 1.3.8 Intermediate Phases.................................................... 25 1.4 Equilibrium in Heterogeneous Systems.................................... 27 1.5 Binary Phase Diagrams............................................................. 30 1.5.1 A Simple Phase Diagram............................................ 30 1.5.2 Systems with a Miscibility Gap.................................. 31 1.5.3 Ordered Alloys............................................................ 32 1.5.4 Simple Eutectic and Peritectic Systems..................... 32 1.5.5 Phase Diagrams Containing Intermediate Phases...... 33 1.5.6 The Gibbs Phase Rule.................................................33 1.5.7 The Effect of Temperature on Solid Solubility........... 38 1.5.8 Equilibrium Vacancy Concentration........................... 39 1.6 The Influence of Interfaces on Equilibrium.............................. 41 1.7 Ternary Equilibrium................................................................ 44 1.7.1 Ternary Phase Diagrams............................................. 44 1.7.2 Solubility Product........................................................ 48 1.7.1 Full and Partial Equilibrium....................................... 53 1.8 Additional Thermodynamic Relationships for Binary Solutions.......................................... 55 1.9 The Kinetics of Phase Transformations....................................57 1.10 Summary
of Main Points.......................................................... 58 1.1 1.2 v
Contents ví Exercises................................................................................................... 59 References................................................................................................ 61 Further Reading........................................................................................ 61 Chapter 2 Diffusion.................................................................................................... 63 Atomic Mechanisms of Diffusion............................................... 63 Interstitial Diffusion...................................................................... 66 2.2.1 Interstitial Diffusion as a Random Jump Process...... 66 2.2.2 Effect of Temperature - Thermal Activation............... 69 2.2.3 Steady-State Diffusion....................................................71 2.2.4 Nonsteady-State Diffusion............................................. 72 2.2.5 Solutions to the Diffusion Equation.............................. 74 2.2.5.1 Homogenization............................................. 74 2.2.5.2 The Carburizationof Steel............................ 75 2.3 Substitutional Diffusion................................................................ 77 2.3.1 Self-Diffusion.................................................................. 77 2.3.2 Vacancy Diffusion........................................................... 82 2.3.3 Diffusion in Substitutional Alloys................................. 83 2.3.4 Diffusion in Dilute Substitutional Alloys......................91 2.4 Atomic
Mobility............................................................................ 92 2.5 Tracer Diffusion in Binary Alloys............................................... 94 2.6 Diffusion in Ternary Alloys........................................................ 96 2.7 High-Diffusivity Paths................................................................. 98 2.7.1 Diffusion along Grain Boundaries................................ 98 2.7.2 Diffusion along Dislocations........................................ 104 2.8 Diffusion in Multiphase Binary Systems.................................. 105 2.9 Summary of Main Points........................................................... 107 Exercises..................................................................................................108 References.............................................................................................. Ill Further Reading........................... Ill 2.1 2.2 Chapter 3 Crystal Interfaces and Microstructure................................................. 113 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Interfacial Free Energy................................................................ 113 Solid/Vapor Interfaces................................................................. 114 Solid/Liquid Interfaces................................................................ 119 Boundaries in Single-Phase Solids............................................ 121 3.4.1 Low-Angle Grain Boundaries..................................... 123 3.4.2 High-Angle and Special Grain Boundaries...............126 3.4.3 Grain Boundary
Energy of Pure Metals..................... 133 3.4.4 Grain Boundary Energy of Dilute Binary Alloys..... 136 3.4.5 Equilibrium in Polycrystalline Materials.................... 140 3.4.6 Thermally Activated Migration of Grain Boundaries........................................... 144 3.4.7 The Kinetics of Grain Growth..................................... 152
vii Contents Interphase Interfaces in Solids.................................................. 155 3.5.1 Fully Coherent Interfaces............................................. 155 3.5.2 Partly Coherent Interfaces............................................ 158 3.5.3 Incoherent Interfaces..................................................... 161 3.5.4 Complex Partly Coherent Interfaces........................... 162 3.5.5 Interface Migration: Glissile Interfaces...................... 168 3.5.6 Interface Migration: Non-glissile Interfaces...............172 3.5.7 Second-Phase Shape...................................................... 176 3.5.7.1 Interface Energy Effects.............................. 177 3.5.7.2 Strain Energy Effects................................... 183 3.5.8 Coherency Loss............................................................. 187 3.6 Classification of Phase Transformations.................................. 190 3.7 Summary of Main Points........................................................... 191 Exercises.................................................................................................. 193 References.............................................................................................. 196 Further Reading...................................................................................... 198 3.5 Chapter 4 Solidification.......................................................................................... 199 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Nucleation in Pure Metals..........................................................199 4.1.1
Homogeneous Nucleation............................................. 200 4.1.2 The Homogeneous Nucleation Rate............................ 204 4.1.3 Heterogeneous Nucleation............................................ 205 4.1.4 Nucleation of Melting.................................................... 210 Growth of a Pure Solid............................................................... 210 4.2.1 Continuous Growth....................................................... 210 4.2.2 Lateral Growth............................................................... 211 4.2.2.1 Surface Nucleation........................................ 212 4.2.2.2 Spiral Growth............................................... 212 4.2.2.3 Growth from Twin Intersections................. 214 4.2.3 Heat Flow and Interface Stability................................ 214 Alloy Solidification..................................................................... 217 4.3.1 Solidification of Single-Phase Alloys...........................217 4.3.1.1 Equilibrium Solidification...........................218 4.3.1.2 No Diffusion in Solid, Perfect Mixing in Liquid.......................................... 219 4.3.1.3 No Diffusion in Solid, Diffusional Mixing in Liquid.......................................... 221 4.3.1.4 Cellular and Dendritic Solidification........ 222 4.3.2 Eutectic Solidification.................................................. 227 4.3.3 Off-Eutectic Alloys....................................................... 233 4.3.4 Peritectic Solidification................................................ 237
Solidification Macrostructures and Microstructures............. 238 4.4.1 Chill Zone................................................................... 240 4.4.2 Columnar Zone.............................................................. 240
Contents viii 4.4.3 Equiaxed Zone.............................................................. 241 4.4.4 Shrinkage Effects..........................................................242 4.4.5 Macrosegregation and Microsegregation................... 242 4.5 Solidification of Fusion Welds...................................................243 4.6 Solidification during Quenching from the Melt...................... 248 4.7 Metallic Glasses......................................................................... 249 4.8 Case Studies of Some Practical Castings and Welds............. 251 4.8.1 Casting of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels................... 251 4.8.2 Casting of High-Speed Steels...................................... 253 4.8.3 Stainless Steel Weld Metal.......................................... 255 4.9 Summary of Main Points.......................................................... 257 Exercises................................................................................................. 258 References..............................................................................................260 Further Reading..................................................................................... 261 Chapter 5 Diffusional Transformations in Solids................................................ 263 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Homogeneous Nucleation in Solids.......................................... 264 Heterogeneous Nucleation......................................................... 270 5.2.1 Heterogeneous Nucleation Sites..................................270
5.2.1.1 Grain Boundaries.......................................... 270 5.2.1.2 Dislocations.................................................. 273 5.2.1.3 Excess Vacancies.......................................... 274 5.2.2 Rate of Heterogeneous Nucleation..............................275 Precipitate Growth...................................................................... 277 5.3.1 Growth behind Planar Incoherent Interfaces............ 277 5.3.2 Diffusion-Controlled Lengthening of Plates or Needles..........................................................280 5.3.3 Thickening of Plate-like Precipitates......................... 282 Overall Transformation Kinetics - TTT Diagrams................ 284 Precipitation in Age-Hardening Alloys.................................... 288 5.5.1 Precipitation in Aluminum-Copper Alloys................ 288 5.5.1.1 GP Zones...................................................... 288 5.5.1.2 Transition Phases......................................... 290 5.5.2 Precipitation in Aluminum-Silver Alloys.................. 295 5.5.3 Quenched-in Vacancies................................................ 296 5.5.4 Age Hardening............................................................. 299 5.5.5 Spinodal Decomposition.............................................. 302 5.5.6 Particle Coarsening...................................................... 308 5.5.6.1 Low γ............................................................. 309 5.5.6.2 Low Xe............................................................ 310 5.5.6.3
LowD............................................................ 310 The Precipitation of Ferrite from Austenite.............................. 310 Cellular Precipitation................................................................... 318 Eutectoid Transformations......................................................... 320 5.8.1 Pearlite in Fe-C Alloys............................................... 321
ix Contents Nucleation of Pearlite.................................. 322 Pearlite Growth and Dissipation of Free Energy........................................... 323 5.8.1.3 Pearlite in Off-Eutectoid Fe-C Alloys......328 5.8.2 Bainite in Fe֊C Alloys and Steels............................. 328 5.8.2.1 Ferrite Growth in Upper Bainite............... 331 5.8.2.2 Carbide Morphology in Upper Bainite....... 333 5.8.2.3 Lower Bainite................................................ 334 5.8.2.4 Transformation Shears and Stored Energy ....338 5.8.3 The Effect of Alloying Elements................................338 5.8.4 Continuous Cooling Diagrams....................................344 5.8.5 Fibrous and Interphase Precipitation in Alloy Steels....346 5.9 Massive Transformations.......................................................... 349 5.10 Ordering Transformations.........................................................353 5.11 Case Studies................................................................................ 358 5.11.1 Titanium Forging Alloys............................................. 358 5.11.2 Aluminum Copper Lithium Alloy (AA2198).............361 5.11.3 Nanostructured Bainite............................................... 365 5.12 Summary of Main Points......................................................... 368 Exercises................................................................................................. 370 References.............................................................................................. 371 Further
Reading......................................................................................373 5.8.1.1 5.8.1.2 Chapter 6 Diffusionless Martensitic Transformations......................................... 375 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Introduction to Martensite in Ferrous Systems....................... 376 Ferrous Martensite Morphologies and Crystallography........ 378 6.2.1 Lath Martensite............................................................. 379 6.2.2 Plate Martensite: Thin Plate and Lenticular Plate Martensite.............................................. 383 6.2.3 Tetragonality of bcc and bet Martensite..................... 386 6.2.4 Epsilon Martensite....................................................... 390 Mechanical Twinning in bcc Metals........................................ 391 Athermal Nucleation and Growth: FCC - HCP................... 395 Athermal Nucleation and Growth: FCC -* BCC................... 404 6.5.1 Atomic Movements Producing the fee — bcc/bct Transformation................................. 404 6.5.2 Nucleation and Early Growth of a Martensite......... 410 6.5.3 Growth of Athermal a Martensite During Cooling 416 6.5.3.1 Growth of Plate and Lath Martensite........416 6.5.3.2 Kinetics of Athermal Martensite.............. 424 6.5.4 The Martensite Start Temperature............................. 426 6.5.4.1 Lath or Plate Martensite?............................ 428 6.5.4.2 Empirical Formulae for Ms......................... 429 6.5.4.3 Critical Driving Force.................................. 431
Contents x The Effect of Grain Size on the Martensite Start Temperature... 432 6.5.4.5 The Effect of Applied Elastic Stress on the Martensite Start Temperature.............. 434 6.5.4.6 The Effect of Applied Plastic Strain on the Martensite Start Temperature.436 6.5.4.7 The Effect of Applied Magnetic Field on the Martensite Start Temperature......... 437 6.5.5 Strain-Induced Athermal a-Martensite...................... 437 6.6 Thermally Activated a -Martensite........................................... 446 6.7 Carbon Diffusion Phenomena in Ferrous Martensites........... 451 6.7.1 Autotempering............................................................... 451 6.7.2 Quenched and Partitioned Steels..................................457 6.7.3 Tempering after Quenching ......................................... 461 6.7.3.1 Tempering of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel........................................... 461 6.7.3.2 Secondary Hardening...................................467 6.7.3.3 Maraging Steels............................................ 469 6.8 Athermal Nucleation and Growth: Ordered Alloys................. 470 6.8.1 Thermoelastic Martensite............................................. 470 6.8.2 Superelasticity and Shape Memory............................. 472 6.8.2.1 Superelasticity............................................... 472 6.8.2.2 Shape Memory.............................................. 473 6.8.3 Rubber-Like Behavior.................................................. 476 6.9 Phenomenological Theory of Martensite Crystallography ....477 6.10 Case
Studies................................................................................ 480 6.10.1 Martensite in Advanced High-Strength Sheet Steels.................................................................. 481 6.10.2 Bearing Steel 100Cr6/52100.......................................484 6.10.3 Martensitic Stainless Steels......................................... 489 6.10 Summary of Main Points..........................................................493 Exercises................................................................................................. 495 References............................................................................................. 498 Further Reading..................................................................................... 501 6.5.4.4 Solutions to Odd-numbered Exercises................................................................... 503 Chapter 1............................................................................................... 503 Chapter 2................................................................................................510 Chapter 3................................................................................................ 518 Chapter 4............................................................................................... 526 Chapter 5................................................................................................536 Chapter 6............................................................................................... 540
Index............................................................................................................................. 545
|
| adam_txt |
Contents Preface to the Fourth Edition.xi Preface to the Third Edition. xv Preface to the Second Edition. xvii Preface to the First Edition. xix About the Author of the Fourth Edition.xxi Chapter 1 Thermodynamics and Phase Diagrams.1 Equilibrium. 1 Single-Component Systems. 4 1.2.1 Gibbs Free Energy as a Function of Temperature. 4 1.2.2 Pressure Effects.7 1.2.3 The Driving Force for Solidification. 9 1.3 Binary Solutions.10 1.3.1 The Gibbs Free Energy of Binary Solutions. 10 1.3.2 Ideal Solutions. 12 1.3.3 Chemical Potential. 15 1.3.4 Regular Solutions. 17 1.3.5 Activity. 20 1.3.6 Real
Solutions. 22 1.3.7 Ordered Phases. 23 1.3.8 Intermediate Phases. 25 1.4 Equilibrium in Heterogeneous Systems. 27 1.5 Binary Phase Diagrams. 30 1.5.1 A Simple Phase Diagram. 30 1.5.2 Systems with a Miscibility Gap. 31 1.5.3 Ordered Alloys. 32 1.5.4 Simple Eutectic and Peritectic Systems. 32 1.5.5 Phase Diagrams Containing Intermediate Phases. 33 1.5.6 The Gibbs Phase Rule.33 1.5.7 The Effect of Temperature on Solid Solubility. 38 1.5.8 Equilibrium Vacancy Concentration. 39 1.6 The Influence of Interfaces on Equilibrium. 41 1.7 Ternary Equilibrium. 44 1.7.1 Ternary Phase Diagrams. 44 1.7.2 Solubility Product. 48 1.7.1 Full and Partial Equilibrium. 53 1.8 Additional Thermodynamic Relationships for Binary Solutions. 55 1.9 The Kinetics of Phase Transformations.57 1.10 Summary
of Main Points. 58 1.1 1.2 v
Contents ví Exercises. 59 References. 61 Further Reading. 61 Chapter 2 Diffusion. 63 Atomic Mechanisms of Diffusion. 63 Interstitial Diffusion. 66 2.2.1 Interstitial Diffusion as a Random Jump Process. 66 2.2.2 Effect of Temperature - Thermal Activation. 69 2.2.3 Steady-State Diffusion.71 2.2.4 Nonsteady-State Diffusion. 72 2.2.5 Solutions to the Diffusion Equation. 74 2.2.5.1 Homogenization. 74 2.2.5.2 The Carburizationof Steel. 75 2.3 Substitutional Diffusion. 77 2.3.1 Self-Diffusion. 77 2.3.2 Vacancy Diffusion. 82 2.3.3 Diffusion in Substitutional Alloys. 83 2.3.4 Diffusion in Dilute Substitutional Alloys.91 2.4 Atomic
Mobility. 92 2.5 Tracer Diffusion in Binary Alloys. 94 2.6 Diffusion in Ternary Alloys. 96 2.7 High-Diffusivity Paths. 98 2.7.1 Diffusion along Grain Boundaries. 98 2.7.2 Diffusion along Dislocations. 104 2.8 Diffusion in Multiphase Binary Systems. 105 2.9 Summary of Main Points. 107 Exercises.108 References. Ill Further Reading. Ill 2.1 2.2 Chapter 3 Crystal Interfaces and Microstructure. 113 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Interfacial Free Energy. 113 Solid/Vapor Interfaces. 114 Solid/Liquid Interfaces. 119 Boundaries in Single-Phase Solids. 121 3.4.1 Low-Angle Grain Boundaries. 123 3.4.2 High-Angle and Special Grain Boundaries.126 3.4.3 Grain Boundary
Energy of Pure Metals. 133 3.4.4 Grain Boundary Energy of Dilute Binary Alloys. 136 3.4.5 Equilibrium in Polycrystalline Materials. 140 3.4.6 Thermally Activated Migration of Grain Boundaries. 144 3.4.7 The Kinetics of Grain Growth. 152
vii Contents Interphase Interfaces in Solids. 155 3.5.1 Fully Coherent Interfaces. 155 3.5.2 Partly Coherent Interfaces. 158 3.5.3 Incoherent Interfaces. 161 3.5.4 Complex Partly Coherent Interfaces. 162 3.5.5 Interface Migration: Glissile Interfaces. 168 3.5.6 Interface Migration: Non-glissile Interfaces.172 3.5.7 Second-Phase Shape. 176 3.5.7.1 Interface Energy Effects. 177 3.5.7.2 Strain Energy Effects. 183 3.5.8 Coherency Loss. 187 3.6 Classification of Phase Transformations. 190 3.7 Summary of Main Points. 191 Exercises. 193 References. 196 Further Reading. 198 3.5 Chapter 4 Solidification. 199 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Nucleation in Pure Metals.199 4.1.1
Homogeneous Nucleation. 200 4.1.2 The Homogeneous Nucleation Rate. 204 4.1.3 Heterogeneous Nucleation. 205 4.1.4 Nucleation of Melting. 210 Growth of a Pure Solid. 210 4.2.1 Continuous Growth. 210 4.2.2 Lateral Growth. 211 4.2.2.1 Surface Nucleation. 212 4.2.2.2 Spiral Growth. 212 4.2.2.3 Growth from Twin Intersections. 214 4.2.3 Heat Flow and Interface Stability. 214 Alloy Solidification. 217 4.3.1 Solidification of Single-Phase Alloys.217 4.3.1.1 Equilibrium Solidification.218 4.3.1.2 No Diffusion in Solid, Perfect Mixing in Liquid. 219 4.3.1.3 No Diffusion in Solid, Diffusional Mixing in Liquid. 221 4.3.1.4 Cellular and Dendritic Solidification. 222 4.3.2 Eutectic Solidification. 227 4.3.3 Off-Eutectic Alloys. 233 4.3.4 Peritectic Solidification. 237
Solidification Macrostructures and Microstructures. 238 4.4.1 Chill Zone. 240 4.4.2 Columnar Zone. 240
Contents viii 4.4.3 Equiaxed Zone. 241 4.4.4 Shrinkage Effects.242 4.4.5 Macrosegregation and Microsegregation. 242 4.5 Solidification of Fusion Welds.243 4.6 Solidification during Quenching from the Melt. 248 4.7 Metallic Glasses. 249 4.8 Case Studies of Some Practical Castings and Welds. 251 4.8.1 Casting of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels. 251 4.8.2 Casting of High-Speed Steels. 253 4.8.3 Stainless Steel Weld Metal. 255 4.9 Summary of Main Points. 257 Exercises. 258 References.260 Further Reading. 261 Chapter 5 Diffusional Transformations in Solids. 263 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Homogeneous Nucleation in Solids. 264 Heterogeneous Nucleation. 270 5.2.1 Heterogeneous Nucleation Sites.270
5.2.1.1 Grain Boundaries. 270 5.2.1.2 Dislocations. 273 5.2.1.3 Excess Vacancies. 274 5.2.2 Rate of Heterogeneous Nucleation.275 Precipitate Growth. 277 5.3.1 Growth behind Planar Incoherent Interfaces. 277 5.3.2 Diffusion-Controlled Lengthening of Plates or Needles.280 5.3.3 Thickening of Plate-like Precipitates. 282 Overall Transformation Kinetics - TTT Diagrams. 284 Precipitation in Age-Hardening Alloys. 288 5.5.1 Precipitation in Aluminum-Copper Alloys. 288 5.5.1.1 GP Zones. 288 5.5.1.2 Transition Phases. 290 5.5.2 Precipitation in Aluminum-Silver Alloys. 295 5.5.3 Quenched-in Vacancies. 296 5.5.4 Age Hardening. 299 5.5.5 Spinodal Decomposition. 302 5.5.6 Particle Coarsening. 308 5.5.6.1 Low γ. 309 5.5.6.2 Low Xe. 310 5.5.6.3
LowD. 310 The Precipitation of Ferrite from Austenite. 310 Cellular Precipitation. 318 Eutectoid Transformations. 320 5.8.1 Pearlite in Fe-C Alloys. 321
ix Contents Nucleation of Pearlite. 322 Pearlite Growth and Dissipation of Free Energy. 323 5.8.1.3 Pearlite in Off-Eutectoid Fe-C Alloys.328 5.8.2 Bainite in Fe֊C Alloys and Steels. 328 5.8.2.1 Ferrite Growth in Upper Bainite. 331 5.8.2.2 Carbide Morphology in Upper Bainite. 333 5.8.2.3 Lower Bainite. 334 5.8.2.4 Transformation Shears and Stored Energy .338 5.8.3 The Effect of Alloying Elements.338 5.8.4 Continuous Cooling Diagrams.344 5.8.5 Fibrous and Interphase Precipitation in Alloy Steels.346 5.9 Massive Transformations. 349 5.10 Ordering Transformations.353 5.11 Case Studies. 358 5.11.1 Titanium Forging Alloys. 358 5.11.2 Aluminum Copper Lithium Alloy (AA2198).361 5.11.3 Nanostructured Bainite. 365 5.12 Summary of Main Points. 368 Exercises. 370 References. 371 Further
Reading.373 5.8.1.1 5.8.1.2 Chapter 6 Diffusionless Martensitic Transformations. 375 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Introduction to Martensite in Ferrous Systems. 376 Ferrous Martensite Morphologies and Crystallography. 378 6.2.1 Lath Martensite. 379 6.2.2 Plate Martensite: Thin Plate and Lenticular Plate Martensite. 383 6.2.3 Tetragonality of bcc and bet Martensite. 386 6.2.4 Epsilon Martensite. 390 Mechanical Twinning in bcc Metals. 391 Athermal Nucleation and Growth: FCC - HCP. 395 Athermal Nucleation and Growth: FCC -* BCC. 404 6.5.1 Atomic Movements Producing the fee — bcc/bct Transformation. 404 6.5.2 Nucleation and Early Growth of a' Martensite. 410 6.5.3 Growth of Athermal a' Martensite During Cooling 416 6.5.3.1 Growth of Plate and Lath Martensite.416 6.5.3.2 Kinetics of Athermal Martensite. 424 6.5.4 The Martensite Start Temperature. 426 6.5.4.1 Lath or Plate Martensite?. 428 6.5.4.2 Empirical Formulae for Ms. 429 6.5.4.3 Critical Driving Force. 431
Contents x The Effect of Grain Size on the Martensite Start Temperature. 432 6.5.4.5 The Effect of Applied Elastic Stress on the Martensite Start Temperature. 434 6.5.4.6 The Effect of Applied Plastic Strain on the Martensite Start Temperature.436 6.5.4.7 The Effect of Applied Magnetic Field on the Martensite Start Temperature. 437 6.5.5 Strain-Induced Athermal a-Martensite. 437 6.6 Thermally Activated a'-Martensite. 446 6.7 Carbon Diffusion Phenomena in Ferrous Martensites. 451 6.7.1 Autotempering. 451 6.7.2 Quenched and Partitioned Steels.457 6.7.3 Tempering after Quenching . 461 6.7.3.1 Tempering of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel. 461 6.7.3.2 Secondary Hardening.467 6.7.3.3 Maraging Steels. 469 6.8 Athermal Nucleation and Growth: Ordered Alloys. 470 6.8.1 Thermoelastic Martensite. 470 6.8.2 Superelasticity and Shape Memory. 472 6.8.2.1 Superelasticity. 472 6.8.2.2 Shape Memory. 473 6.8.3 Rubber-Like Behavior. 476 6.9 Phenomenological Theory of Martensite Crystallography .477 6.10 Case
Studies. 480 6.10.1 Martensite in Advanced High-Strength Sheet Steels. 481 6.10.2 Bearing Steel 100Cr6/52100.484 6.10.3 Martensitic Stainless Steels. 489 6.10 Summary of Main Points.493 Exercises. 495 References. 498 Further Reading. 501 6.5.4.4 Solutions to Odd-numbered Exercises. 503 Chapter 1. 503 Chapter 2.510 Chapter 3. 518 Chapter 4. 526 Chapter 5.536 Chapter 6. 540
Index. 545 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Porter, David A. Easterling, Kenneth E. 1933-1992 Sherif, Mohamed Y. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1141309467 (DE-588)122608151 (DE-588)1149180056 |
| author_facet | Porter, David A. Easterling, Kenneth E. 1933-1992 Sherif, Mohamed Y. |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Porter, David A. |
| author_variant | d a p da dap k e e ke kee m y s my mys |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047559628 |
| classification_rvk | VE 9500 ZM 4200 UQ 7200 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1280053059 (DE-599)BVBBV047559628 |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| discipline_str_mv | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| edition | Fourth edition |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>02537nam a2200577 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV047559628</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20220613 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">211026s2022 a||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780367430344</subfield><subfield code="c">pbk.</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-367-43034-4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780367820770</subfield><subfield code="c">hbk.</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-367-82077-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1280053059</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV047559628</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-29T</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-83</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-703</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-861</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">VE 9500</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)147155:253</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZM 4200</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)157035:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">UQ 7200</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)146570:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Porter, David A.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1141309467</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Phase transformations in metals and alloys</subfield><subfield code="c">David A. Porter, Kenneth E. Easterling, and Mohamed Y. Sherif</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Fourth edition</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Boca Raton ; London ; New York</subfield><subfield code="b">CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group</subfield><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xxi, 556 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen, Diagramme</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Phasendiagramm</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4174149-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Diffusion</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4012277-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Legierung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4035035-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Mikrostruktur</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4131028-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Metall</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4038860-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Phasenumwandlung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4132140-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Metall</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4038860-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Phasenumwandlung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4132140-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Mikrostruktur</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4131028-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Phasendiagramm</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4174149-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Diffusion</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4012277-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="5"><subfield code="a">Legierung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4035035-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Legierung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4035035-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Metall</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4038860-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Phasenumwandlung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4132140-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Easterling, Kenneth E.</subfield><subfield code="d">1933-1992</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)122608151</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Sherif, Mohamed Y.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1149180056</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">978-1-003-01180-4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="780" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="i">Vorangegangen ist</subfield><subfield code="z">978-1-420-06210-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032935096&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032935096</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV047559628 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:27:03Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:14:40Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780367430344 9780367820770 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032935096 |
| oclc_num | 1280053059 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29T DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-83 DE-703 DE-861 |
| owner_facet | DE-29T DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-83 DE-703 DE-861 |
| physical | xxi, 556 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Porter, David A. Verfasser (DE-588)1141309467 aut Phase transformations in metals and alloys David A. Porter, Kenneth E. Easterling, and Mohamed Y. Sherif Fourth edition Boca Raton ; London ; New York CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group 2022 xxi, 556 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Phasendiagramm (DE-588)4174149-3 gnd rswk-swf Diffusion (DE-588)4012277-3 gnd rswk-swf Legierung (DE-588)4035035-6 gnd rswk-swf Mikrostruktur (DE-588)4131028-7 gnd rswk-swf Metall (DE-588)4038860-8 gnd rswk-swf Phasenumwandlung (DE-588)4132140-6 gnd rswk-swf Metall (DE-588)4038860-8 s Phasenumwandlung (DE-588)4132140-6 s Mikrostruktur (DE-588)4131028-7 s Phasendiagramm (DE-588)4174149-3 s Diffusion (DE-588)4012277-3 s Legierung (DE-588)4035035-6 s DE-604 Easterling, Kenneth E. 1933-1992 Verfasser (DE-588)122608151 aut Sherif, Mohamed Y. Verfasser (DE-588)1149180056 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-003-01180-4 Vorangegangen ist 978-1-420-06210-6 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032935096&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Porter, David A. Easterling, Kenneth E. 1933-1992 Sherif, Mohamed Y. Phase transformations in metals and alloys Phasendiagramm (DE-588)4174149-3 gnd Diffusion (DE-588)4012277-3 gnd Legierung (DE-588)4035035-6 gnd Mikrostruktur (DE-588)4131028-7 gnd Metall (DE-588)4038860-8 gnd Phasenumwandlung (DE-588)4132140-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4174149-3 (DE-588)4012277-3 (DE-588)4035035-6 (DE-588)4131028-7 (DE-588)4038860-8 (DE-588)4132140-6 |
| title | Phase transformations in metals and alloys |
| title_auth | Phase transformations in metals and alloys |
| title_exact_search | Phase transformations in metals and alloys |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Phase transformations in metals and alloys |
| title_full | Phase transformations in metals and alloys David A. Porter, Kenneth E. Easterling, and Mohamed Y. Sherif |
| title_fullStr | Phase transformations in metals and alloys David A. Porter, Kenneth E. Easterling, and Mohamed Y. Sherif |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phase transformations in metals and alloys David A. Porter, Kenneth E. Easterling, and Mohamed Y. Sherif |
| title_short | Phase transformations in metals and alloys |
| title_sort | phase transformations in metals and alloys |
| topic | Phasendiagramm (DE-588)4174149-3 gnd Diffusion (DE-588)4012277-3 gnd Legierung (DE-588)4035035-6 gnd Mikrostruktur (DE-588)4131028-7 gnd Metall (DE-588)4038860-8 gnd Phasenumwandlung (DE-588)4132140-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Phasendiagramm Diffusion Legierung Mikrostruktur Metall Phasenumwandlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032935096&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT porterdavida phasetransformationsinmetalsandalloys AT easterlingkennethe phasetransformationsinmetalsandalloys AT sherifmohamedy phasetransformationsinmetalsandalloys |