Evaluation of lactic acid fermentation process in terra preta sanitation system and application in Arba Minch, Ethiopia:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hamburg
GFEU e.V.
2015
|
| Series: | Hamburger Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft
Band 90 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | xxi, 170 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 21 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783942768153 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Evaluation of lactic acid fermentation process in terra preta sanitation system and application in Arba Minch, Ethiopia |c von Asrat Mindachew Yemaneh aus Arsi-Robe (Ethiopia) |
| 264 | 1 | |a Hamburg |b GFEU e.V. |c 2015 | |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Hamburger Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft |v Band 90 | |
| 502 | |b Dissertation |c Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg |d 2015 | ||
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
AKNOWLEDGEMENT IV
ABSTRACT VI
TABLE OF CONTENTS X
LIST OF TABLES XIV
LIST OF FIGURES XV
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS XVIII
LIST OF ANNEXES XX
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 RESOURCES-ORIENTED SANITATION APPROACH 2
1.2 TERRA PRETA SANITATION CONCEPT 3
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 5
1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS 5
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1 COMPOSITION OF HUMAN EXCRETA 7
2.1.1 NUTRIENTS AND ORGANIC MATTER 7
2.1.2 FAECAL MICROFLORA 8
2.1.3 PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS IN EXCRETA 8
2.2 SANITATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 9
2.2.1 CONVENTIONAL SANITATION SYSTEMS 9
2.2.2 RESOURCES-ORIENTED SANITATION SYSTEMS 12
2.3 TERRA PRETA SANITATION SYSTEM 15
2.3.1 LINK OF TERRA PRETA SANITATION TO TERRA PRETA SOILS 16
2.3.2 CURRENT RESEARCHES AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 17
2.3.3 THE ROLE OF BIOCHAR IN SOIL AMENDMENT 18
2.4 LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS 19
2.4.1 LACTIC ACID FERMENTING MICROORGANISMS 19
2.4.2 GROWTH MEDIA FOR LACTIC ACID BACTERIA 21
2.4.3 TYPES OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS OPERATIONS 21
2.4.4 ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF LACTIC ACID
FERMENTATION PROCESS. 22
2.4.5 LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS APPLICATION FOR HYGIENIZATION 23
2.4.6 LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS FOR STABILIZATION, PRESERVATION
AND DEODOURIZATION 26
X
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1072328976
2.4.7 LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF USEFUL
BY-PRODUCTS 27
2.4.8 LACTIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN ORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT AND SILAGE
MAKING 28
2.4.9 IMPORTANT PARAMETERS FOR MONITORING LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
PROCESS 30
2.4.10 MODELLING APPROACH FOR LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS 30
2.5 VERMICOMPOSTING PROCESS IN ORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT 32
2.6 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESS IN HUMAN WASTE MANAGEMENT 33
2.7 APPROACHES FOR ASSESSING THE APPLICATION OFSANITATION SYSTEMS 34
2.8 SUMMARY 35
3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 37
3.1 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS 37
3.1.1 MATERIALS 37
3.1.2 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 39
3.1.3 ANALYTICAL METHODS 45
3.1.4 MICROBIAL ANALYSIS 46
3.1.5 ODOUR EVALUATION 46
3.2 APPLICATION OF SANITATION SYSTEMS IN A CASE STUDY AREA 47
3.2.1 ASSESSMENT METHODS 47
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES 49
4. / EVALUATION OF INOCULUM AND SUGAR SUPPLEMENT REQUIREMENT 49
4.1.1 PH 49
4.1.2 LACTIC ACID CONCENTRATION 50
4.1.3 VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS 52
4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF EFFECTIVE LACTIC ACID BACTERIA 53
4.2.1 PH 53
4.2.2 LACTIC ACID CONCENTRATION 54
4.2.3 VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS 55
4.3 OPTIMIZATION OF SUGAR SUPPLEMENT 57
4.3.1 SUGARCANE MOLASSES AS SUGAR SUPPLEMENT 57
4.3.2 KITCHEN BIOWASTE AS SUGAR SUPPLEMENT 60
4.3.3 SUGARCANE MOLASSES AS SUGAR SUPPLEMENT FOR SEPARATELY COLLECTED
URINE 62
4.4 EVALUATION OF SUITABLE MIXING RATIO OF FAECAL MATTER AND URINE 63
4.4.1 PH 64
4.4.2 LACTIC ACID CONCENTRATION 65
XI
4.5 FED-BATCH LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS 66
4.5.1 PH 67
4.5.2 LACTIC ACID CONCENTRATION 68
4.6 EFFECT OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS ON PARAMETERS OF HUMAN
EXCRETA 68
4.6.1 PH AND LACTIC ACID CONCENTRATION 69
4.6.2 DRY MATTER 70
4.6.3 VOLATILE SOLIDS 71
4.6.4 NITROGEN COMPOUNDS 72
4.6.5 SOLUBLE PHOSPHOROUS 74
4.6.6 SANITATION INDICATOR BACTERIA 75
4.6.7 ODOUR PARAMETERS 77
4.7 EFFECT OF CHARCOAL ADDITION ON ODOUR AND LACTIC ACIDFERMENTATION
PARAMETERS 80
4.7.1 PH AND LACTIC ACID CONCENTRATION 81
4.7.2 ODOUR EVALUATION 82
4.8 LONG-TERM EVALUATION OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS 82
4.8.1 PH 83
4.8.2 LACTIC ACID CONCENTRATION 84
4.9 SUMMARY 85
5 KINETIC MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS
87
5.1 KINETIC EXPRESSIONS AND MODELLING 87
5.2 CHARACTERIZING THE GROWTH OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA 89
5.2.1 MODELLING THE GROWTH OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA 91
5.3 MODELLING LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION OF HUMAN EXCRETA 93
5.3.1 ESTIMATION OF KINETIC PARAMETERS 93
5.3.2 MODEL VALIDATION 94
5.4 SUMMARY 96
6 ASSESSMENT OF TERRA PRETA SANITATION SYSTEM APPLICATION IN ARBA MINCH,
ETHIOPIA 97
6.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE CASE STUDY AREA 98
6.2 CONSIDERED SANITATION SYSTEMS 99
6.2.1 TERRA PRETA SANITATION SYSTEM 99
6.2.2 TERRA PRETA SANITATION WITH ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM 100
6.2.3 URINE DIVERSION DRY TOILET SYSTEM 101
6.3 SANITATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS 102
XII
6.3.1 FACILITIES AT THE HOUSEHOLDS 102
6.3.2 COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM 104
6.3.3 FURTHER TREATMENT AND PROCESSING FACILITY 106
6.3.4 LOCAL AGRICULTURE 114
6.3.5 REVENUES 115
6.4 MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS. 117
6.4.1 MASS FLOWS 117
6.4.2 NUTRIENT AND ORGANIC MATTER RECOVERY POTENTIAL 119
6.4.3 UTILIZATION OF THE RECOVERED NUTRIENTS IN LOCAL AGRICULTURE 120
6.5 ECONOMIC EVALUATION 120
6.5.1 RELATIVE COST OF THE SANITATION SYSTEMS 120
6.5.2 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ON THE PRICE OF FINAL SANITATION PRODUCTS 124
6.6 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF TERRA PRETA SANITATION
SYSTEM 127
6.7 INTEGRATION OF TERRA PRETA SANITATION CONCEPT TO EXISTING SANITATION
SYSTEMS 127
6.8 SUMMARY 128
7 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 130
7.1 SUMMARY OF MAIN RESEARCH FINDINGS 130
7.2 OUTLOOK. 132
8 REFERENCES 133
9 ANNEXES 157
XIII
|
| adam_txt |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AKNOWLEDGEMENT IV
ABSTRACT VI
TABLE OF CONTENTS X
LIST OF TABLES XIV
LIST OF FIGURES XV
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS XVIII
LIST OF ANNEXES XX
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 RESOURCES-ORIENTED SANITATION APPROACH 2
1.2 TERRA PRETA SANITATION CONCEPT 3
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 5
1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS 5
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1 COMPOSITION OF HUMAN EXCRETA 7
2.1.1 NUTRIENTS AND ORGANIC MATTER 7
2.1.2 FAECAL MICROFLORA 8
2.1.3 PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS IN EXCRETA 8
2.2 SANITATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 9
2.2.1 CONVENTIONAL SANITATION SYSTEMS 9
2.2.2 RESOURCES-ORIENTED SANITATION SYSTEMS 12
2.3 TERRA PRETA SANITATION SYSTEM 15
2.3.1 LINK OF TERRA PRETA SANITATION TO TERRA PRETA SOILS 16
2.3.2 CURRENT RESEARCHES AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 17
2.3.3 THE ROLE OF BIOCHAR IN SOIL AMENDMENT 18
2.4 LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS 19
2.4.1 LACTIC ACID FERMENTING MICROORGANISMS 19
2.4.2 GROWTH MEDIA FOR LACTIC ACID BACTERIA 21
2.4.3 TYPES OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS OPERATIONS 21
2.4.4 ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF LACTIC ACID
FERMENTATION PROCESS. 22
2.4.5 LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS APPLICATION FOR HYGIENIZATION 23
2.4.6 LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS FOR STABILIZATION, PRESERVATION
AND DEODOURIZATION 26
X
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1072328976
2.4.7 LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF USEFUL
BY-PRODUCTS 27
2.4.8 LACTIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN ORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT AND SILAGE
MAKING 28
2.4.9 IMPORTANT PARAMETERS FOR MONITORING LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
PROCESS 30
2.4.10 MODELLING APPROACH FOR LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS 30
2.5 VERMICOMPOSTING PROCESS IN ORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT 32
2.6 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESS IN HUMAN WASTE MANAGEMENT 33
2.7 APPROACHES FOR ASSESSING THE APPLICATION OFSANITATION SYSTEMS 34
2.8 SUMMARY 35
3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 37
3.1 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS 37
3.1.1 MATERIALS 37
3.1.2 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 39
3.1.3 ANALYTICAL METHODS 45
3.1.4 MICROBIAL ANALYSIS 46
3.1.5 ODOUR EVALUATION 46
3.2 APPLICATION OF SANITATION SYSTEMS IN A CASE STUDY AREA 47
3.2.1 ASSESSMENT METHODS 47
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES 49
4. / EVALUATION OF INOCULUM AND SUGAR SUPPLEMENT REQUIREMENT 49
4.1.1 PH 49
4.1.2 LACTIC ACID CONCENTRATION 50
4.1.3 VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS 52
4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF EFFECTIVE LACTIC ACID BACTERIA 53
4.2.1 PH 53
4.2.2 LACTIC ACID CONCENTRATION 54
4.2.3 VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS 55
4.3 OPTIMIZATION OF SUGAR SUPPLEMENT 57
4.3.1 SUGARCANE MOLASSES AS SUGAR SUPPLEMENT 57
4.3.2 KITCHEN BIOWASTE AS SUGAR SUPPLEMENT 60
4.3.3 SUGARCANE MOLASSES AS SUGAR SUPPLEMENT FOR SEPARATELY COLLECTED
URINE 62
4.4 EVALUATION OF SUITABLE MIXING RATIO OF FAECAL MATTER AND URINE 63
4.4.1 PH 64
4.4.2 LACTIC ACID CONCENTRATION 65
XI
4.5 FED-BATCH LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS 66
4.5.1 PH 67
4.5.2 LACTIC ACID CONCENTRATION 68
4.6 EFFECT OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS ON PARAMETERS OF HUMAN
EXCRETA 68
4.6.1 PH AND LACTIC ACID CONCENTRATION 69
4.6.2 DRY MATTER 70
4.6.3 VOLATILE SOLIDS 71
4.6.4 NITROGEN COMPOUNDS 72
4.6.5 SOLUBLE PHOSPHOROUS 74
4.6.6 SANITATION INDICATOR BACTERIA 75
4.6.7 ODOUR PARAMETERS 77
4.7 EFFECT OF CHARCOAL ADDITION ON ODOUR AND LACTIC ACIDFERMENTATION
PARAMETERS 80
4.7.1 PH AND LACTIC ACID CONCENTRATION 81
4.7.2 ODOUR EVALUATION 82
4.8 LONG-TERM EVALUATION OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS 82
4.8.1 PH 83
4.8.2 LACTIC ACID CONCENTRATION 84
4.9 SUMMARY 85
5 KINETIC MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PROCESS
87
5.1 KINETIC EXPRESSIONS AND MODELLING 87
5.2 CHARACTERIZING THE GROWTH OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA 89
5.2.1 MODELLING THE GROWTH OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA 91
5.3 MODELLING LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION OF HUMAN EXCRETA 93
5.3.1 ESTIMATION OF KINETIC PARAMETERS 93
5.3.2 MODEL VALIDATION 94
5.4 SUMMARY 96
6 ASSESSMENT OF TERRA PRETA SANITATION SYSTEM APPLICATION IN ARBA MINCH,
ETHIOPIA 97
6.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE CASE STUDY AREA 98
6.2 CONSIDERED SANITATION SYSTEMS 99
6.2.1 TERRA PRETA SANITATION SYSTEM 99
6.2.2 TERRA PRETA SANITATION WITH ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM 100
6.2.3 URINE DIVERSION DRY TOILET SYSTEM 101
6.3 SANITATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS 102
XII
6.3.1 FACILITIES AT THE HOUSEHOLDS 102
6.3.2 COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM 104
6.3.3 FURTHER TREATMENT AND PROCESSING FACILITY 106
6.3.4 LOCAL AGRICULTURE 114
6.3.5 REVENUES 115
6.4 MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS. 117
6.4.1 MASS FLOWS 117
6.4.2 NUTRIENT AND ORGANIC MATTER RECOVERY POTENTIAL 119
6.4.3 UTILIZATION OF THE RECOVERED NUTRIENTS IN LOCAL AGRICULTURE 120
6.5 ECONOMIC EVALUATION 120
6.5.1 RELATIVE COST OF THE SANITATION SYSTEMS 120
6.5.2 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS ON THE PRICE OF FINAL SANITATION PRODUCTS 124
6.6 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF TERRA PRETA SANITATION
SYSTEM 127
6.7 INTEGRATION OF TERRA PRETA SANITATION CONCEPT TO EXISTING SANITATION
SYSTEMS 127
6.8 SUMMARY 128
7 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 130
7.1 SUMMARY OF MAIN RESEARCH FINDINGS 130
7.2 OUTLOOK. 132
8 REFERENCES 133
9 ANNEXES 157
XIII |
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| author | Asrat Mindachew Yemaneh 1981- |
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| author_facet | Asrat Mindachew Yemaneh 1981- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Asrat Mindachew Yemaneh 1981- |
| author_variant | a m y amy |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047557117 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)911608995 (DE-599)DNB1072328976 |
| dewey-full | 628.3509633 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 628 - Sanitary engineering |
| dewey-raw | 628.3509633 |
| dewey-search | 628.3509633 |
| dewey-sort | 3628.3509633 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Bauingenieurwesen |
| discipline_str_mv | Bauingenieurwesen |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| id | DE-604.BV047557117 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:26:13Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:14:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783942768153 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032932656 |
| oclc_num | 911608995 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-706 |
| owner_facet | DE-706 |
| physical | xxi, 170 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 21 cm |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publishDateSearch | 2015 |
| publishDateSort | 2015 |
| publisher | GFEU e.V. |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Hamburger Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft |
| series2 | Hamburger Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft |
| spelling | Asrat Mindachew Yemaneh 1981- Verfasser (DE-588)1072328720 aut Evaluation of lactic acid fermentation process in terra preta sanitation system and application in Arba Minch, Ethiopia von Asrat Mindachew Yemaneh aus Arsi-Robe (Ethiopia) Hamburg GFEU e.V. 2015 xxi, 170 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 21 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hamburger Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft Band 90 Dissertation Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg 2015 Zusammenfassung englisch und deutsch Gewässerschutz (DE-588)4020830-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Gewässerschutz (DE-588)4020830-8 s DE-604 Hamburger Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft Band 90 (DE-604)BV035415619 90 B:DE-101 application/pdf https://d-nb.info/1072328976/04 Inhaltsverzeichnis DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032932656&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Asrat Mindachew Yemaneh 1981- Evaluation of lactic acid fermentation process in terra preta sanitation system and application in Arba Minch, Ethiopia Hamburger Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft Gewässerschutz (DE-588)4020830-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020830-8 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Evaluation of lactic acid fermentation process in terra preta sanitation system and application in Arba Minch, Ethiopia |
| title_auth | Evaluation of lactic acid fermentation process in terra preta sanitation system and application in Arba Minch, Ethiopia |
| title_exact_search | Evaluation of lactic acid fermentation process in terra preta sanitation system and application in Arba Minch, Ethiopia |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Evaluation of lactic acid fermentation process in terra preta sanitation system and application in Arba Minch, Ethiopia |
| title_full | Evaluation of lactic acid fermentation process in terra preta sanitation system and application in Arba Minch, Ethiopia von Asrat Mindachew Yemaneh aus Arsi-Robe (Ethiopia) |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of lactic acid fermentation process in terra preta sanitation system and application in Arba Minch, Ethiopia von Asrat Mindachew Yemaneh aus Arsi-Robe (Ethiopia) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of lactic acid fermentation process in terra preta sanitation system and application in Arba Minch, Ethiopia von Asrat Mindachew Yemaneh aus Arsi-Robe (Ethiopia) |
| title_short | Evaluation of lactic acid fermentation process in terra preta sanitation system and application in Arba Minch, Ethiopia |
| title_sort | evaluation of lactic acid fermentation process in terra preta sanitation system and application in arba minch ethiopia |
| topic | Gewässerschutz (DE-588)4020830-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Gewässerschutz Hochschulschrift |
| url | https://d-nb.info/1072328976/04 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032932656&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV035415619 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT asratmindachewyemaneh evaluationoflacticacidfermentationprocessinterrapretasanitationsystemandapplicationinarbaminchethiopia |
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