Handbook of fuels: energy sources for transportation
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| Other Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Weinheim
WILEY-VCH
[2022]
|
| Edition: | Second, completely revised, and updated edition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Kurzbeschreibung Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | xx, 556 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24.4 cm x 17 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783527333851 3527333851 |
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MARC
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| 020 | |a 9783527333851 |c hbk. |9 978-3-527-33385-1 | ||
| 020 | |a 3527333851 |9 3-527-33385-1 | ||
| 024 | 3 | |a 9783527333851 | |
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| 084 | |a VN 6050 |0 (DE-625)147593:253 |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a 540 |2 sdnb | ||
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Handbook of fuels |b energy sources for transportation |c edited by Barbara Elvers and Andrea Schütze |
| 250 | |a Second, completely revised, and updated edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Weinheim |b WILEY-VCH |c [2022] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c © 2022 | |
| 300 | |a xx, 556 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme |c 24.4 cm x 17 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kraftstoff |0 (DE-588)4073754-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 653 | |a Chemical Engineering | ||
| 653 | |a Chemie | ||
| 653 | |a Chemische Verfahrenstechnik | ||
| 653 | |a Chemistry | ||
| 653 | |a Energie | ||
| 653 | |a Energietechnik | ||
| 653 | |a Energy | ||
| 653 | |a Environmental Chemistry | ||
| 653 | |a Maschinenbau | ||
| 653 | |a Mechanical Engineering | ||
| 653 | |a Motoren u. Antriebe | ||
| 653 | |a Motors & Drivers | ||
| 653 | |a Petrochemie / Brennstoffindustrie | ||
| 653 | |a Petrochemistry / Fuel | ||
| 653 | |a Power Technology & Power Engineering | ||
| 653 | |a Treibstoff | ||
| 653 | |a Umweltchemie | ||
| 653 | |a CG00: Allg. Chemische Verfahrenstechnik | ||
| 653 | |a CH20: Umweltchemie | ||
| 653 | |a CH34: Petrochemie / Brennstoffindustrie | ||
| 653 | |a EG40: Energietechnik | ||
| 653 | |a ME80: Motoren u. Antriebe | ||
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |a Aufsatzsammlung |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Kraftstoff |0 (DE-588)4073754-8 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Elvers, Barbara |0 (DE-588)1157933645 |4 edt | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Schütze, Andrea |d 1975- |0 (DE-588)139645004 |4 edt | |
| 710 | 2 | |a Wiley-VCH |0 (DE-588)16179388-5 |4 pbl | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe, PDF |z 978-3-527-81348-3 |
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| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe, OBOOK |z 978-3-527-81349-0 |
| 780 | 0 | 0 | |i Vorangegangen ist |z 978-3-527-30740-1 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m X:MVB |u http://www.wiley-vch.de/publish/dt/books/ISBN978-3-527-33385-1/ |3 Kurzbeschreibung |
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| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032926490 | |
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CONTENTS
PREFACE
TO
THE
SECOND
EDITION
XVII
PREFACE
TO
THE
FIRST
EDITION
XIX
1
INTRODUCTION
1
KLAUS
REDERS
AND
ANDREA
SCHUTZE
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
1.3.5
1.3.6
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.5
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.5.3
1.5.4
1.5.4.1
1.5.4.2
1.5.4.3
1.5.4.4
HISTORY
OF
THE
SPARK
IGNITED
"OTTO"
ENGINE
AND
OF
GASOLINE
3
HISTORY
OF
THE
DIESEL
ENGINE
AND
OF
DIESEL
FUEL
14
HISTORY
OF
ALTERNATIVE
FUELS
19
ETHANOL
19
METHANOL
24
VEGETABLE
OILS
AND
HYDROTREATED
VEGETABLE
OILS
(HVOS)
24
BIODIESEL/FAME
25
LIQUEFIED
PETROLEUM
GAS
(LPG)
28
NATURAL
GAS
30
EMISSION
REGULATIONS
WORLDWIDE
33
EUROPE
35
UNITED
STATES
41
JAPAN
48
CHINA
51
WELL-TO-WHEEL
ANALYSIS
OF
ALTERNATIVE
FUELS
53
LIFE-CYCLE
ASSESSMENT
54
WELL-TO-WHEEL
55
BOUNDARY
CONDITIONS
OF
THE
JRC
STUDY
56
SUMMARY
OF
RESULTS
OF
THE
JRC
STUDY
57
ALTERNATIVE
LIQUID
FUELS
60
ALTERNATIVE
GASEOUS
FUELS
61
ELECTRICITY
AND
HYDROGEN
61
2020+
HORIZON
62
REFERENCES
64
VI
CONTENTS
PART
I
AUTOMOTIVE
FUELS
69
2
ENGINE
TECHNOLOGY
71
WERNER
DABELSTEIN,
ARNO
REGLITZKY,
ANDREA
SCHUTZE,
AND
KLAUS
REDERS
2.1
2.2
OTTO
ENGINES
71
DIESEL
ENGINES
73
REFERENCES
75
3
FUEL
COMPOSITION
AND
ENGINE
EFFICIENCY
77
WERNER
DABELSTEIN,
ARNO
REGLITZKY,
ANDREA
SCHUTZE,
KLAUS
REDERS,
AND
ANDREAS
BRUNNER
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.1.1
3.1.1.2
3.1.1.3
3.1.1.4
3.1.1.5
3.1.2
3.1.2.1
3.1.2.2
3.1.2.3
3.1.2.4
3.1.2.5
3.1.2.6
3.1.2.7
3.1.2.8
3.1.2.9
3.1.2.10
FUEL
COMPOSITION
AND
ENGINE
EFFICIENCY
77
QUALITY
ASPECTS
OF
GASOLINE
77
OCTANE
QUALITY
77
VOLATILITY
79
FUEL
COMPOSITION
TO
REDUCE
TOXICITY
AND
EXHAUST
EMISSIONS
80
STABILITY,
CLEANLINESS,
ETC.
83
PERFORMANCE
ADDITIVES
84
QUALITY
ASPECTS
OF
DIESEL
FUELS
84
IGNITION
QUALITY
84
DENSITY
85
SULFUR
CONTENT
85
COLD
FLOW
PROPERTIES
85
LUBRICITY
85
VISCOSITY
86
VOLATILITY
86
DIESEL
FUEL
STABILITY,
CLEANLINESS,
AND
SAFETY
86
DIESEL
FUEL
EFFECTS
ON
EXHAUST
EMISSIONS
86
PERFORMANCE
ADDITIVES
88
REFERENCES
88
4
FUEL
COMPONENTS:
PETROLEUM-DERIVED
FUELS
91
WERNER
DABELSTEIN,
ARNO
REGLITZKY,
ANDREA
SCHUTZE,
AND
KLAUS
REDERS
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.1.1
4.1.1.2
4.1.1.3
4.1.1.4
4.1.1.5
4.1.1.6
4.1.1.7
4.1.1.8
4.1.2
4.1.2.1
4.1.2.2
4.1.2.3
PETROLEUM-DERIVED
FUELS
91
GASOLINE
COMPONENTS
91
STRAIGHT-RUN
GASOLINE
91
THERMALLY
CRACKED
GASOLINE
93
CATALYTICALLY
CRACKED
GASOLINE
93
CATALYTIC
REFORMATE
(PLATFORMATE)
94
ISOMERATE
94
ALKYLATE
94
POLYMER
GASOLINE
94
OXYGENATES
95
DIESEL
FUEL
COMPONENTS
95
STRAIGHT-RUN
MIDDLE
DISTILLATE
95
THERMALLY
CRACKED
GAS
OIL
96
CATALYTICALLY
CRACKED
GAS
OIL
96
CONTENTS
VII
4.1.2.4
4.1.2.5
4.1.2.6
4.1.2.7
4.1.3
HYDROCRACKED
GAS
OIL
97
KEROSENE
97
BIOFUEL
COMPONENTS
97
SYNTHETIC
DIESEL
FUEL
98
STORAGE
AND
TRANSPORTATION
98
REFERENCES
99
5
LIQUEFIED
PETROLEUM
GAS
101
STEPHEN
M.
THOMPSON,
GORY
ROBERTSON,
ROBERT
MYERS,
AND
ANDREA
SCHUTZE
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.1.1
5.4
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.5
5.5.1
5.5.2
5.5.3
5.6
5.6.1
5.6.1.1
5.6.1.2
5.6.2
5.6.2.1
5.7
5.7.1
INTRODUCTION
101
PROPERTIES
102
PRODUCTION
AND
PROCESSING
103
RECOVERY
FROM
NATURAL
GAS
103
RECOVERY
AND
MANUFACTURE
IN
THE
REFINERY
103
PURIFICATION
108
ADSORPTIVE
PURIFICATION
109
ABSORPTIVE
PURIFICATION
109
STORAGE
AND
TRANSPORTATION
110
ABOVEGROUND
STORAGE
110
UNDERGROUND
STORAGE
110
TRANSPORTATION
111
USES
111
LPG
STANDARDS
AND
REGULATIONS
112
REFUELING
INFRASTRUCTURE
112
VEHICLE
CONVERSIONS
TO
LPG
113
ENVIRONMENTAL
BENEFITS
113
OUTLOOK
115
SAFETY
ASPECTS
115
OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH
116
REFERENCES
116
6
NATURAL
GAS
119
KLAUS
REDERS,
MARGRET
SCHMIDT,
AND
ANDREA
SCHUTZE
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.3.1
6.3.4
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.6.1
6.6.1.1
6.6.1.2
OCCURRENCE
119
COMPOSITION
121
PROCESSING
123
OIL
AND
CONDENSATE
REMOVAL
124
WATER
REMOVAL
124
SEPARATION
OF
NATURAL
GAS
LIQUIDS
125
CRYOGENIC
EXPANSION
PROCESS
126
SULFUR
AND
CARBON
DIOXIDE
REMOVAL
126
TRANSPORT/DISTRIBUTION/LOCAL
BLENDING
126
PROPERTIES
AND
SPECIFICATIONS
127
NATURAL
GAS
AS
AUTOMOTIVE
FUEL
129
VEHICLE
REFUELING
SYSTEMS
133
SLOW-FILL
REFUELING
133
FAST-FILL
REFUELING
134
VIII
|
CONTENTS
6.6.2
VEHICLE
AND
ENGINE
CONCEPTS
134
6.6.2.1
VEHICLE
TECHNOLOGY
135
6.6.3
CNG
VEHICLES
IN
THE
MARKET
137
6.6.4
VEHICLE
FUEL
SUPPLY
SYSTEM
137
6.6.5
COMBUSTION
AND
EMISSIONS
139
6.7
SAFETY
ASPECTS
141
6.8
BIOMETHANE
141
6.8.1
PRODUCTION
142
6.8.1.1
ANAEROBIC
FERMENTATION
145
6.8.1.2
BIOGAS
FROM
SOLIDS
146
6.8.2
UPGRADING
OF
BIOGAS
TO
NATURAL
GAS
QUALITY
147
6.8.2.1
WATER
SCRUBBING
AND
PHYSICAL
SCRUBBING
147
6.8.2.2
CHEMICAL
ABSORPTION
148
6.8.2.3
MEMBRANE
SEPARATION
148
6.8.2.4
PRESSURE
SWING
ADSORPTION
(PSA)
149
6.8.2.5
CRYOGENIC
SEPARATION
149
6.8.3
STORAGE
AND
TRANSPORTATION
149
6.8.3.1
STORAGE
149
6.8.3.2
DISTRIBUTION
150
6.8.4
BIOMETHANE
REGULATIONS
150
6.8.4.1
REGULATIONS
AND
STANDARDS
151
6.8.5
WELL-TO-WHEEL
ANALYSIS
FOR
LPG,
CNG,
AND
BIOMETHANE
152
6.8.5.1
WELL-TO-TANK
ANALYSIS
152
6.8.5.2
COMPRESSED
BIOMETHANE
(CBM)
155
6.8.5.3
WELL-TO-WHEELS
ANALYSIS
156
REFERENCES
158
7
SYNTHETIC
DIESEL
FUELS
161
H.P.
CALIS,
WOLFGANG
LUKE,
INGO
DRESCHER,
AND
ANDREA
SCHUTZE
7.1
XTL
FUELS
162
7.1.1
HISTORY
162
7.1.2
XTL
PRODUCTION
PROCESS
162
7.1.2.1
FISCHER-TROPSCH
PROCESS
162
7.1.2.2
IH
2
TECHNOLOGY
166
7.1.2.3
BTL
FUELS
168
7.1.3
GTL
AND
BTL
FUEL
CHARACTERISTICS
170
7.1.3.1
COLD
FLOW
PERFORMANCE
171
7.1.3.2
LUBRICITY
PERFORMANCE
174
7.1.3.3
IMPACT
ON
INJECTOR
CLEANLINESS
AND
SPRAY
CHARACTERISTICS
174
7.1.3.4
ADVANTAGES
OF
SYNTHETIC
FUELS
FOR
EMISSION
CONTROL
175
7.1.4
OUTLOOK
178
7.2
DME
(DIMETHYL
ETHER)
AND
OME
FUELS
180
7.2.1
INTRODUCTION
180
7.2.2
FUEL
STANDARDS
181
7.2.3
FUEL
PROPERTIES
183
7.2.4
INFRASTRUCTURE
AND
SAFETY
186
7.2.4.1
USE
AS
FUEL
187
CONTENTS
IX
7.3
WELL-TO-WHEEL
(WTW)
ANALYSIS
FOR
XTL
AND
DME
FUELS
190
7.3.1
WELL-TO-WHEELS
ANALYSIS
FOR
XTL
190
7.3.2
WELL-TO-TANK
ANALYSIS
FOR
DME
193
7.4
WELL-TO-WHEEL
ANALYSIS
FOR
XTL
AND
DME
195
REFERENCES
196
8
SYNTHETIC
GASOLINE
FUELS
201
ANDREA
SCHUTZE
8.1
GTL
NAPHTHA
201
8.2
METHANOL
TO
GASOLINE
PROCESS
(MTG)
202
8.3
PRODUCTION
PROCESS
202
8.4
FUEL
PROPERTIES
203
REFERENCES
204
9
ETHANOL
207
ANDREA
SCHUTZE
9.1
PRODUCTION
210
9.1.1
MILLING
211
9.1.2
PROCESSING
OF
STARCH/MAIZE
MASH
212
9.1.3
FERMENTATION
OF
GLUCOSE
213
9.1.4
DISTILLATION
AND
INCREASE
OF
ETHANOL
CONCENTRATION
213
9.2
FEEDSTOCK
214
9.3
LAND
USE
215
9.3.1
DIRECT
LAND
USE
CHANGE
EMISSIONS
(DLUC)
217
9.3.2
INDIRECT
LAND
USE
CHANGE
(ILUC)
217
9.4
NITROGEN
OXIDE
EMISSIONS
217
9.5
WATER
FOOT
PRINT
AND
IMPACT
ON
WATER
TABLE
219
9.6
OTHER
ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS
219
9.6.1
SOIL
QUALITY/EROSION
219
9.6.2
EUTROPHICATION
AND
ACIDIFICATION
219
9.6.3
BIODIVERSITY
219
9.7
BIOETHANOL
MADE
FROM
LIGNOCELLULOSE
220
9.8
FUEL
STANDARDS
221
9.9
FUEL
PROPERTIES
224
9.9.1
OCTANE
NUMBER
224
9.9.1.1
VOLATILITY
AND
DISTILLATION
226
9.9.1.2
HEAT
OF
VAPORIZATION
228
9.9.1.3
ENERGY
CONTENT
228
9.9.1.4
WATER
CONTENT
228
9.9.1.5
CORROSION
PROTECTION
228
9.9.1.6
DENATURANT
AND
DENATURANT
CONTENT
229
9.9.1.7
MATERIAL
COMPATIBILITY
229
9.9.1.8
LUBRICITY
229
9.9.1.9
EMISSIONS
229
9.10
WELL-TO-WHEELS
ANALYSIS
FOR
FUEL
ETHANOL
AND
ETHANOL
GASOLINE
BLENDS
230
9.10.1
PATHWAYS
230
CONTENTS
9.10.1.1
9.10.1.2
9.10.1.3
9.11
9.12
SUGAR
BEET
TO
ETHANOL
230
WHEAT
TO
ETHANOL
231
STRAW
TO
ETHANOL
231
WTT
ANALYSIS
FOR
BIOETHANOL
236
WTW
ANALYSIS
237
REFERENCES
240
10
METHANOL
245
MARTIN
BERTAU,
MICHAEL
KRAFT,
LUDOLF
PLASS,
AND
HANS-JURGEN
WERNICKE
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.3.1
10.3.2
10.3.2.1
10.3.2.2
10.3.2.3
10.3.2.4
10.3.3
10.3.3.1
10.4
10.4.1
10.4.2
10.4.2.1
10.4.2.2
10.4.2.3
10.4.2.4
10.4.3
10.4.3.1
10.4.3.2
10.4.3.3
10.4.3.4
10.4.3.5
10.4.3.6
10.4.3.7
10.4.3.8
10.5
10.5.1
10.5.2
10.5.3
10.5.4
10.5.5
10.5.6
10.6
10.6.1
10.6.2
10.6.3
INTRODUCTION
248
PHYSICAL
AND
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
249
PRODUCTION
OF
METHANOL
249
METHANOL
PRODUCTION
CAPACITIES
AND
MARKETS
250
CONVENTIONAL
METHANOL
PRODUCTION
PROCESSES
252
SYNTHESIS
GAS
GENERATION
252
METHANOL
SYNTHESIS
255
LIQUID
PHASE
METHANOL
SYNTHESIS
(LPMEOH)
258
METHANOL
DISTILLATION
258
RENEWABLE
METHANOL
PRODUCTION
PROCESSES
259
CO
2
-
HYDROGENATION
260
METHANOL
AS
FUEL
261
HISTORY
263
USES
264
METHANOL
AS
A
FUEL
FOR
OTTO
ENGINES
264
VEHICLE
DEVELOPMENTS
265
CONCLUSIONS
268
METHANOL
AS
MARINE
FUEL
269
SAFETY
ASPECTS
270
EXPLOSION
AND
FIRE
CONTROL
270
FIRE
PREVENTION
271
FIRE
FIGHTING
271
SMALL-SCALE
STORAGE
271
LARGE-SCALE
STORAGE
271
LARGE-SCALE
TRANSPORTATION
272
SAFETY
REGULATIONS
GOVERNING
TRANSPORTATION
272
METHANOL
AS
A
HAZARD
272
METHANOL-BASED
DERIVATIVES
AS
FUELS
AND
FUEL
ADDITIVES
273
METHANOL-TO-GASOLINE
(MTG)
274
METHYL
TERT-BUTYL
ETHER
(MTBE)
276
TERT-AMYL
METHYL
ETHER
(TAME)
278
DIMETHYL
ETHER
(DME)
279
OXYMETHYLENE ETHER
(OME)
281
DIMETHYL
CARBONATE
(DMC)
AND
METHYL
FORMATE
(MF)
285
ECONOMIC
ASPECTS
289
GAS-BASED
METHANOL
289
COAL-BASED
METHANOL
289
BIOMASS-BASED
METHANOL
291
CONTENTS
XI
10.6.4
10.7
RENEWABLE
METHANOL
BASED
ON
THE
RECYCLE
OF
CARBON
DIOXIDE
292
OUTLOOK
297
REFERENCES
297
11
2,5-DIMETHYLFURAN
(DMF)
AND
2-METHYLFURAN
(MF)
307
ANDREA
SCHUTZE
11.1
11.2
11.3
SYNTHESIS
OF
DIMETHYLFURAN
307
PROPERTIES
OF
2,5-DIMETHYLFURAN
AND
METHYLFURAN
309
COMBUSTION
AND
EMISSIONS
311
REFERENCES
312
12
ALTERNATIVE
BIOFUEL
OPTIONS
-
DIESEL
315
ANDREA
SCHUTZE
12.1
12.2
12.2.1
12.2.1.1
12.2.1.2
12.2.1.3
12.2.1.4
12.2.2
12.2.2.1
12.2.2.2
12.2.2.3
12.2.3
12.2.3.1
12.2.3.2
12.2.4
12.2.4.1
12.2.4.2
12.2.4.3
12.2.4.4
12.2.4.5
12.2.4.6
12.2.4.7
12.2.4.8
12.2.4.9
12.2.4.10
12.2.4.11
12.2.4.12
12.3
12.3.1
12.3.2
12.3.2.1
12.3.2.2
12.3.2.3
12.3.2.4
BIOMASS-TO-LIQUIDS
(BTL)
315
BIODIESEL
(FAME)
316
PRODUCTION
318
INTRODUCTION
318
INDUSTRIAL
PROCESS
321
FEEDSTOCK
322
MICROALGAE
324
ANALYTICAL
METHODS
326
ESTER
CONTENT
AND
FATTY
ACID
COMPOSITION
326
POLYUNSATURATED
METHYL
ESTERS
CONTENT
327
GLYCEROL
AND
GLYCERIDE
CONTENT
328
FUEL
STANDARDS
332
UNITED
STATES
332
EUROPE
336
FUEL
PROPERTIES
337
CETANE
NUMBER
338
DENSITY
AND
ENERGY
CONTENT
339
KINEMATIC
VISCOSITY
339
COLD
TEMPERATURE
PROPERTIES
339
FILTERABILITY
341
DISTILLATION
341
FUEL
STABILITY
341
WATER
CONTENT
AND
SEDIMENT
343
LUBRICITY
343
MATERIAL
COMPATIBILITY
343
ENGINE
DEPOSITS
344
EMISSIONS
345
VEGETABLE
OILS
(VO)
345
PRODUCTION
346
FUEL
PROPERTIES
346
KINEMATIC
VISCOSITY
347
CETANE
NUMBER
348
FLASH
POINT
348
CARBON
RESIDUE
348
XII
CONTENTS
12.3.2.5
12.3.2.6
12.3.2.7
12.3.2.8
12.3.2.9
12.3.2.10
12.3.2.11
12.3.3
12.4
12.4.1
12.4.1.1
12.4.1.2
12.4.2
12.4.2.1
12.4.2.2
12.4.2.3
12.4.2.4
12.4.2.5
12.4.2.6
12.4.2.7
12.4.2.8
12.5
12.5.1
12.5.1.1
12.5.1.2
12.5.2
12.5.2.1
12.5.2.2
HEATING
VALUE
348
DENSITY
348
IODINE
NUMBER
349
FUEL
STABILITY
349
CALCIUM,
MAGNESIUM,
AND
PHOSPHORUS
350
TOTAL
CONTAMINATION
AND
WATER
CONTENT
350
ACID
VALUE
350
FUEL
STANDARDS
350
HYDROTREATED
VEGETABLE
OILS
351
PRODUCTION
352
PROCESS
352
PRODUCTION
PLANTS
354
FUEL
STANDARD
AND PROPERTIES
354
DENSITY
AND
ENERGY
CONTENT
355
DISTILLATION
CHARACTERISTICS
355
COLD
TEMPERATURE
PROPERTIES
356
CETANE
NUMBER
356
FUEL
STABILITY
356
LUBRICITY
357
MATERIAL
COMPATIBILITY
357
EMISSIONS
AND
COMBUSTION
357
WELL-TO-WHEEL
ANALYSIS
OF
FAME
AND
HVO
FUELS
357
FAME
FUELS
359
WTT
ANALYSIS
359
WTW
ANALYSIS
361
HVO
FUELS
363
WTT
ANALYSIS
363
WTW
ANALYSIS
364
REFERENCES
366
13
HYDROGEN
373
LALIT
M.
DAS
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
INTRODUCTION
373
LIFE
CYCLE
ANALYSIS
373
HYDROGEN
PRODUCTION
374
HISTORICAL
OVERVIEW
OF
HYDROGEN
ENGINE:
RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOPMENT
375
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
13.10
13.11
13.12
13.13
13.14
PROPERTIES
OF
HYDROGEN
WHICH
INFLUENCE
ENGINE
COMBUSTION
377
UNDESIRABLE
COMBUSTION
PHENOMENA
381
DESIGN
CRITERIA
FOR
HYDROGEN
ENGINES
382
HYDROGEN-FUELED
WANKEL
ENGINE
384
PERFORMANCE
CHARACTERISTIC
OF
A
HYDROGEN-FUELED
SI
ENGINE
385
EXHAUST
EMISSIONS
386
COMBUSTION
CHARACTERISTICS
387
HYDROGEN
USE
IN
CI
ENGINES
389
HYDROGEN-CNG
BLEND
391
SAFETY
CRITERIA
FOR
HYDROGEN
ENGINES
392
CONTENTS
XIII
13.15
13.16
13.17
13.18
13.19
HYDROGEN
DETECTION
393
STORAGE
OF
HYDROGEN
393
HYDROGEN
TRANSPORTATION
AND
DISTRIBUTION
394
HYDROGEN
VEHICLES
BASED
ON
INTERNAL
COMBUSTION
ENGINE
395
CONCLUSION
398
REFERENCES
398
14
OCTANE
ENHANCERS
403
MARCO
DI
GIROLAMO,
MAURA
BRIANTI,
AND
MARIO
MARCHIONNA
14.1
14.2
14.2.1
14.2.2
14.2.3
14.3
14.4
14.4.1
14.4.2
14.5
14.5.1
14.5.1.1
14.5.1.2
14.5.1.3
14.5.1.4
14.5.2
INTRODUCTION
403
TECHNICAL
INFORMATION
405
COMBUSTION
IN
OTTO
ENGINES
405
KNOCK
PHENOMENA
406
OCTANE
NUMBER
406
TYPES
OF
OCTANE
ENHANCERS
409
METAL-CONTAINING
ADDITIVES
409
ALKYL
LEAD
COMPOUNDS
412
METHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL
MANGANESE
TRICARBONYL
414
ASHLESS
OCTANE
ENHANCERS
415
HETEROATOM-BASED
COMPONENTS
415
HISTORY
OF
FUEL
OXYGENATES
417
PROPERTIES
OF
OXYGENATES
420
PRODUCTION
424
TOXICOLOGY
426
PURE
HYDROCARBON
COMPONENTS
427
REFERENCES
428
FURTHER
READING
430
15
HYBRID
AND
ELECTRIFIED
POWERTRAINS
431
JAKOB
ANDERT,
MAXIMILIAN
WICK,
RENE
SAVELSBERG,
AND
MICHAEL
STAPELBROEK
15.1
15.2
15.2.1
15.2.1.1
15.2.1.2
15.2.1.3
15.2.2
15.3
15.3.1
15.3.2
15.3.3
15.4
15.4.1
15.4.2
15.5
15.6
INTRODUCTION
431
CLASSIFICATION
432
TOPOLOGIES
432
SERIAL
HYBRIDS
433
PARALLEL
HYBRIDS
434
POWER-SPLIT
HYBRIDS
435
DEGREE
OF
HYBRIDIZATION
436
FUNCTIONALITIES
437
REGENERATIVE
BRAKING
437
LOAD
POINT
SHIFT/BOOSTING
438
E-DRIVE
AND
SAILING
439
BATTERY
440
NIMH
BATTERIES
441
LI-ION
BATTERIES
442
ENERGY
MANAGEMENT
443
MARKET
SITUATION
AND
OUTLOOK
444
REFERENCES
444
XIV
CONTENTS
16
FUEL
CELLS
447
SOREN
TINZ,
STEFFEN
DIRKES,
MARIUS
WALTERS,
AND
JAKOB
ANDERT
16.1
16.2
16.2.1
16.2.1.1
16.2.1.2
16.2.1.3
16.2.1.4
16.2.1.5
16.2.1.6
16.2.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
TRANSPORTATION
APPLICATIONS
447
FUNDAMENTALS
449
AUXILIARIES
452
AIR
SUPPLY
SYSTEM
452
HYDROGEN
SUPPLY
SYSTEM
454
COOLING
CIRCUIT
454
HV
ARCHITECTURE
455
CONTROLS
455
INTEGRATED
SYSTEM
DESIGN
455
ONBOARD
HYDROGEN
STORAGE
456
COSTS,
DURABILITY,
AND
RELIABILITY
457
COLD
AND
FREEZE
START
459
EFFICIENCY
459
SUMMARY
460
REFERENCES
460
PART
II
AUTOMOBILE
EXHAUST
CONTROL
465
17
INTRODUCTION
467
MARTIN
VOTSMEIER,
THOMAS
KREUZER,
JURGEN
GIESHOFF,
GERHARD
LEPPERHOFF,
AND
BARBARA
ELVERS
REFERENCE
469
18
POLLUTANT
FORMATION
AND
LIMITATION
471
MARTIN
VOTSMEIER,
THOMAS
KREUZER,
JURGEN
GIESHOFF,
GERHARD
LEPPERHOFF,
AND
BARBARA
ELVERS
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
CARBON
MONOXIDE
471
HYDROCARBONS
471
OXIDES
OF
NITROGEN
(NO,)
472
PARTICULATE
EMISSIONS
472
CARBON
DIOXIDE
(CO
2
)
473
SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
473
REFERENCE
474
19
CATALYTIC
EXHAUST
AFTERTREATMENT,
GENERAL
CONCEPTS
475
MARTIN
VOTSMEIER,
THOMAS
KREUZER,
JURGEN
GIESHOFF,
GERHARD
LEPPERHOFF,
AND
BARBARA
ELVERS
19.1
19.1.1
19.1.2
19.1.3
19.1.4
19.2
19.3
19.4
THE
PHYSICAL
DESIGN
OF
THE
CATALYTIC
CONVERTER
475
CERAMIC
MONOLITHS
477
METALLIC
MONOLITHS
477
PARTICULATE
FILTERS
478
EXTRUDED
CATALYSTS
478
THE
WASHCOAT
478
THE
CATALYTIC
MATERIAL
480
PRODUCTION
OF
CATALYSTS
480
REFERENCES
481
CONTENTS
|
XV
20
CATALYTIC
AFTERTREATMENT
OF
STOICHIOMETRIC
EXHAUST
GAS
483
MARTIN
VOTSMEIER,
THOMAS
KREUZER,
JURGEN
GIESHOFF,
GERHARD
LEPPERHOFF,
AND
BARBARA
ELVERS
20.1
THREE-WAY
CATALYSTS
484
20.2
OXYGEN STORAGE
IN
THREE-WAY
CATALYSTS
485
20.3
PRECIOUS
METALS
IN
THREE-WAY
CATALYSIS
487
REFERENCES
487
21
EXHAUST
AFTERTREATMENT
FOR
DIESEL
VEHICLES
489
MARTIN
VOTSMEIER,
THOMAS
KREUZER,
JURGEN
GIESHOFF,
GERHARD
LEPPERHOFF,
AND
BARBARA
ELVERS
21.1
THE
DIESEL
OXIDATION
CATALYST
489
21.1.1
OXIDATION
OF
PARTICULATE
EMISSIONS
490
21.1.2
OXIDATION
OF
SO
2
490
21.1.3
OXIDATION
OF
NO
490
21.1.4
PARTICULATE
FILTER
REGENERATION
490
21.1.5
PT/PD
DISPERSION
491
21.2
THE
PARTICULATE
FILTER
491
21.2.1
SOOT
OXIDATION
BY
OXYGEN
492
21.2.2
SOOT
OXIDATION
BY
NO2
492
21.2.3
ASH
LOAD
493
21.2.4
OPEN
FILTER
SYSTEMS
493
21.3
NO,
TREATMENT
OF
OXYGEN-RICH
EXHAUST
494
21.3.1
HC-DENO,
494
21.3.2
THE
NO,
ADSORBER
CATALYST
495
21.3.3
SELECTIVE
CATALYTIC
REDUCTION
(SCR)
WITH
AMMONIA
496
21.3.4
NH
3
GENERATION
ONBOARD
496
21.3.5
VANADIUM
SCR
CATALYSTS
497
21.3.6
ZEOLITE-BASED
SCR
CATALYSTS
498
21.3.7
OXIDATION
CATALYST
UPSTREAM
OF
THE
SCR
CATALYST
498
22
EXHAUST
AFTERTREATMENT
FOR
LEAN-BURN
GASOLINE
ENGINES
499
MARTIN
VOTSMEIER,
THOMAS
KREUZER,
JURGEN
GIESHOFF,
GERHARD
LEPPERHOFF,
AND
BARBARA
ELVERS
23
CONCLUSION
AND
OUTLOOK
501
MARTIN
VOTSMEIER,
THOMAS
KREUZER,
JURGEN
GIESHOFF,
GERHARD
LEPPERHOFF,
AND
BARBARA
ELVERS
PARTLLL
AVIATION
FUELS
503
24
AVIATION
TURBINE
FUELS
505
GEOFF
J.
BISHOP
AND
BARBARA
ELVERS
24.1
HISTORY
505
24.1.1
FUEL
TYPES
AND
SPECIFICATIONS
505
24.1.1.1
SPECIFICATION
REQUIREMENTS
507
XVI
CONTENTS
INDEX
541
24.1.1.2
24.1.1.3
24.1.2
24.1.2.1
24.1.2.2
24.1.3
24.1.3.1
24.1.3.2
24.1.4
24.1.5
24.1.6
24.1.7
24.1.7.1
24.1.7.2
FUEL
PROPERTIES
507
NONSPECIFICATION
PROPERTIES
516
PRODUCTION
518
FUEL
518
ADDITIVES
520
HANDLING,
STORAGE,
AND
TRANSPORTATION
522
SYSTEM
DESCRIPTIONS
522
CONTAMINATION-REMOVAL
EQUIPMENT
522
LEGAL
ASPECTS
523
ENVIRONMENTAL
ASPECTS
523
ECONOMIC
ASPECTS
523
FUTURE
TRENDS
524
PETROLEUM-DERIVED
FUELS
524
ALTERNATIVE
FUELS
524
REFERENCES
525
FURTHER
READING
527
25
AVIATION
GASOLINE
(AVGAS)
529
GEOFF
J.
BISHOP
AND
BARBARA
ELVERS
25.1
25.2
25.2.1
25.2.2
25.2.3
25.2.4
25.2.5
25.2.6
HISTORY
530
AVGAS
GRADES
530
AVGAS
100
530
AVGAS100LL
530
AVGAS
100VLL
531
AVGAS
UL82
531
AVGAS
UL87
531
AVGAS
UL91
531
REFERENCE
531
FURTHER
READING
531
PART
IV
MARINE
FUELS
533
26
MARINE
FUELS
535
CHRISTOPHER
FRIEDRICH
WIRZ,
TORSTEN
MUNDT,
AND
KLAUS
REDERS
26.1
26.2
26.3
26.4
26.4.1
26.4.2
HISTORY
535
SPECIFICATIONS
536
COMPOSITION
536
PROPERTIES
537
DISTILLATE
FUELS
537
RESIDUAL
FUELS
537
REFERENCE
540 |
| adam_txt | |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | |
| author2 | Elvers, Barbara Schütze, Andrea 1975- |
| author2_role | edt edt |
| author2_variant | b e be a s as |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1157933645 (DE-588)139645004 |
| author_facet | Elvers, Barbara Schütze, Andrea 1975- |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047550859 |
| classification_rvk | VN 5470 VN 6050 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1284792907 (DE-599)DNB1214957277 |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie |
| discipline_str_mv | Chemie / Pharmazie |
| edition | Second, completely revised, and updated edition |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| id | DE-604.BV047550859 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:24:35Z |
| indexdate | 2024-12-19T13:03:17Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)16179388-5 |
| isbn | 9783527333851 3527333851 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032926490 |
| oclc_num | 1284792907 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29T DE-703 DE-11 DE-573 |
| owner_facet | DE-29T DE-703 DE-11 DE-573 |
| physical | xx, 556 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24.4 cm x 17 cm |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | WILEY-VCH |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Handbook of fuels energy sources for transportation edited by Barbara Elvers and Andrea Schütze Second, completely revised, and updated edition Weinheim WILEY-VCH [2022] © 2022 xx, 556 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24.4 cm x 17 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Kraftstoff (DE-588)4073754-8 gnd rswk-swf Chemical Engineering Chemie Chemische Verfahrenstechnik Chemistry Energie Energietechnik Energy Environmental Chemistry Maschinenbau Mechanical Engineering Motoren u. Antriebe Motors & Drivers Petrochemie / Brennstoffindustrie Petrochemistry / Fuel Power Technology & Power Engineering Treibstoff Umweltchemie CG00: Allg. Chemische Verfahrenstechnik CH20: Umweltchemie CH34: Petrochemie / Brennstoffindustrie EG40: Energietechnik ME80: Motoren u. Antriebe (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Kraftstoff (DE-588)4073754-8 s DE-604 Elvers, Barbara (DE-588)1157933645 edt Schütze, Andrea 1975- (DE-588)139645004 edt Wiley-VCH (DE-588)16179388-5 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-3-527-81348-3 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-3-527-81347-6 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, OBOOK 978-3-527-81349-0 Vorangegangen ist 978-3-527-30740-1 X:MVB http://www.wiley-vch.de/publish/dt/books/ISBN978-3-527-33385-1/ Kurzbeschreibung DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032926490&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Handbook of fuels energy sources for transportation Kraftstoff (DE-588)4073754-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4073754-8 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Handbook of fuels energy sources for transportation |
| title_auth | Handbook of fuels energy sources for transportation |
| title_exact_search | Handbook of fuels energy sources for transportation |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Handbook of fuels energy sources for transportation |
| title_full | Handbook of fuels energy sources for transportation edited by Barbara Elvers and Andrea Schütze |
| title_fullStr | Handbook of fuels energy sources for transportation edited by Barbara Elvers and Andrea Schütze |
| title_full_unstemmed | Handbook of fuels energy sources for transportation edited by Barbara Elvers and Andrea Schütze |
| title_short | Handbook of fuels |
| title_sort | handbook of fuels energy sources for transportation |
| title_sub | energy sources for transportation |
| topic | Kraftstoff (DE-588)4073754-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kraftstoff Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://www.wiley-vch.de/publish/dt/books/ISBN978-3-527-33385-1/ http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032926490&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elversbarbara handbookoffuelsenergysourcesfortransportation AT schutzeandrea handbookoffuelsenergysourcesfortransportation AT wileyvch handbookoffuelsenergysourcesfortransportation |