Grayscale lithographic structuring of hole transport materials for organic light-emitting diodes and investigation of diffusion processes:
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|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Köln
2020
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 129 Seiten Illustrationen 21 cm |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Ulber, Benjamin Wolfgang |d 1990- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1226347789 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Grayscale lithographic structuring of hole transport materials for organic light-emitting diodes and investigation of diffusion processes |c vorgelegt von Benjamin Wolfgang Ulber |
| 264 | 1 | |a Köln |c 2020 | |
| 300 | |a 129 Seiten |b Illustrationen |c 21 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 502 | |b Dissertation |c Universität Köln |d 2020 | ||
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804182843190935552 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION
.................................................................................................................................................
1
2
CONCEPT
............................................................................................................................................................
3
3
THEORETICAL
BACKGROUND
...........................................................................................................................
5
3.1
B
ASIC
P
RINCIPLES
OF
OLEDS
..............................................................................................................................
5
3.1.1
CHARGE
INJECTION
.................................................................................................................................
5
3.1.2
CHARGE
TRANSPORT
................................................................................................................................
7
3.1.3
RECOMBINATION
....................................................................................................................................
9
3.1.4
FLUORESCENCE
AND
PHOSPHORESCENCE
...............................................................................................
10
3.1.5
EXTERNAL
QUANTUM
EFFICIENCY
AND
INTERNAL
REFLECTION
..................................................................
12
3.1.6
CAVITY
OLED
.......................................................................................................................................
14
3.1.7
MULTI-LAYER
DEVICES
...........................................................................................................................
16
3.1.8
CATIONIC
RING
OPENING
POLYMERIZATION
...........................................................................................
16
3.1.9
DOPING
OF
ORGANIC
SEMICONDUCTORS
................................................................................................
20
3.2
P
HOTOLITHOGRAPHY
........................................................................................................................................
21
3.3
M
OLECULAR
D
IFFUSION
P
ROCESSES
..................................................................................................................
23
3.4
E
LLIPSOMETRY
................................................................................................................................................
25
3.5
C
OLORIMETRY
..................................................................................................................................................
27
4
RESULTS
&
DISCUSSION
.................................................................................................................................
30
4.1
I
MPLEMENTATION
OF
G
RAYSCALE
L
ITHOGRAPHY
FOR
STRUCTURING
HTL
S
IN
OLED
D
EVICES
..................................30
4.1.1
LITHOGRAPHIC
CROSS-LINKING
OF
QUPD
...............................................................................................
32
4.1.2
GRAYSCALE
LITHOGRAPHY
CROSS-LINKING
FOR
QUPD
THICKNESS
CONTROL
..............................................
34
4.1.3
GRAYSCALE
PATTERN
DESIGN
FOR
LITHOGRAPHICALLY
STRUCTURED
OLEDS
...............................................
36
4.1.4
ENGINEERING
THE
OLED
STACK
............................................................................................................
37
4.1.5
RED
EMITTER
CAVITY
OLED
.................................................................................................................
39
4.1.6
WHITE
EMITTER
CAVITY
OLED
.............................................................................................................
47
4.1.7
TOP-EMITTING
WHITE
OLED
ON
SILICON
SUBSTRATE
..............................................................................
55
4.1.8
BOTTOM-EMITTING
WHITE
OLED
ON
GLASS
SUBSTRATE
.........................................................................
57
4.1.9
DOPING
QUPD
WITH
F
G
TCNNQ
..........................................................................................................
58
4.1.10
INTRODUCTION
OF
OTPD
...................................................................................................................
61
4.1.11
COLOR
CHANGE
OF
WHITE
EMITTER
OLEDS
VIA
GRAYSCALE
LITHOGRAPHY
OF
QUPD
.........................
62
4.1.12
COLOR
CHANGE
OF
RED
EMITTER
OLEDS
VIA
GRAYSCALE
LITHOGRAPHY
OF
QUPD
.............................
65
4.1.13
RED
AND
WHITE
EMITTER
CAVITY
DEMONSTRATOR
OLEDS
WITH
VOXEL
STRUCTURE
...........................
68
4.2
D
IFFUSION
P
ROFILING
OF
S
MALL
M
OLECULES
IN
HTL
S
........................................................................................70
4.2.1
SMALL
MOLECULE
EMITTER
OLEDS
IN
COMPARISON
TO
POLYMER
EMITTER
..............................................
72
4.2.2
DIFFUSION MEASUREMENT
VIA
ELLIPSOMETRY
.......................................................................................
73
4.2.1
MIXTURE
MEASUREMENTS
OF
SMALL
MOLECULE
EMITTER
AND
MATRIX
MATERIALS
WITH
QUPD
.............
74
4.2.2
ELLIPSOMETRIC
MEASUREMENTS
FOR
DIFFUSION
PROFILING
......................................................................77
4.2.3
QUPD
LAYER
INTERFACE
CHARACTERIZATION
AND
OPTIMIZATION
..........................................................
79
4.2.4
SCREENING
AND
IDENTIFYING
DIFFUSION
PARAMETERS
...........................................................................
83
4.2.5
MULTIPLE
REGRESSION
ANALYSIS
...........................................................................................................
88
4.2.6
IMPACT
OF
DEVICE
OUTPUT
PARAMETERS
OF
NON-CAVITY
TEG
OLEDS
..................................................
91
4.3
G
RAYSCALE
L
ITHOGRAPHY
C
AVITY
OLED
S
WITH
TEG:TMM
E
MITTER
.................................................................94
4.3.1
CAVITY
DEMONSTRATOR
OLEDS
WITH
DIFFERENT
EMITTER
MATERIALS
.....................................................
96
5
CONCLUSIONS
AND
OUTLOOK
...................................................................................................................
99
6
EXPERIMENTAL
.............................................................................................................................................
101
6.1
M
ATERIAL
P
ROPERTIES
...................................................................................................................................
101
6.1.1
UV/VIS
MEASUREMENTS
...................................................................................................................
101
6.1.2
PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
MEASUREMENTS
..............................................................................................
101
6.1.3
ELLIPSOMETRIC
MEASUREMENTS
.........................................................................................................
101
6.2
S
AMPLE
P
REPARATION
...................................................................................................................................
102
6.2.1
OLED
DEVICE
ARCHITECTURE
...............................................................................................................
102
6.2.2
SUBSTRATE
PREPARATION
....................................................................................................................
103
6.2.3
DEPOSITION
OF
PEDOT:PSS
...............................................................................................................
104
6.2.4
DEPOSITION
VIA
SPINCOATING
.............................................................................................................
104
6.2.5
CROSS-LINKING
OF
HTL
........................................................................................................................
104
6.2.6
VAPOR
DEPOSITION
OF
ORGANIC
MATERIALS
..........................................................................................
104
6.2.7
ANODE/
CATHODE
EVAPORATION
.........................................................................................................
104
6.3
OLED
C
HARACTERIZATION
..............................................................................................................................
105
6.3.1
LIV
CHARACTERISTICS
............................................................................................................................
105
6.3.2
ELECTROLUMINESCENCE
MEASUREMENTS
.............................................................................................
105
6.3.3
OPTICAL
SIMULATIONS
........................................................................................................................
105
6.3.4
GONIOMETRY
.....................................................................................................................................
105
6.3.5
EXTERNAL
QUANTUM
EFFICIENCY
.........................................................................................................
105
6.4
S
URFACE
A
NALYSIS
.........................................................................................................................................
106
6.4.1
MEASUREMENT
OF
LAYER
THICKNESS
..................................................................................................
106
6.4.2
OPTICAL
MICROSCOPY
..........................................................................................................................
106
6.4.3
ATOMIC
FORCE
MICROSCOPY
...............................................................................................................
106
6.5
L
ITHOGRAPHIC
S
TRUCTURING
..........................................................................................................................
106
7
APPENDIX
........................................................................................................................................................
107
7.1
L
IST
OF
A
BBREVIATIONS
..................................................................................................................................
107
7.2
R
EFRACTIVE
I
NDICES
MEASURED
WITH
VASE
....................................................................................................
ILL
7.3
C
HEMICAL
S
TRUCTURES
OF
THE
U
SED
M
ATERIALS
............................................................................................
113
8
REFERENCE
.....................................................................................................................................................
116
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION
.
1
2
CONCEPT
.
3
3
THEORETICAL
BACKGROUND
.
5
3.1
B
ASIC
P
RINCIPLES
OF
OLEDS
.
5
3.1.1
CHARGE
INJECTION
.
5
3.1.2
CHARGE
TRANSPORT
.
7
3.1.3
RECOMBINATION
.
9
3.1.4
FLUORESCENCE
AND
PHOSPHORESCENCE
.
10
3.1.5
EXTERNAL
QUANTUM
EFFICIENCY
AND
INTERNAL
REFLECTION
.
12
3.1.6
CAVITY
OLED
.
14
3.1.7
MULTI-LAYER
DEVICES
.
16
3.1.8
CATIONIC
RING
OPENING
POLYMERIZATION
.
16
3.1.9
DOPING
OF
ORGANIC
SEMICONDUCTORS
.
20
3.2
P
HOTOLITHOGRAPHY
.
21
3.3
M
OLECULAR
D
IFFUSION
P
ROCESSES
.
23
3.4
E
LLIPSOMETRY
.
25
3.5
C
OLORIMETRY
.
27
4
RESULTS
&
DISCUSSION
.
30
4.1
I
MPLEMENTATION
OF
G
RAYSCALE
L
ITHOGRAPHY
FOR
STRUCTURING
HTL
S
IN
OLED
D
EVICES
.30
4.1.1
LITHOGRAPHIC
CROSS-LINKING
OF
QUPD
.
32
4.1.2
GRAYSCALE
LITHOGRAPHY
CROSS-LINKING
FOR
QUPD
THICKNESS
CONTROL
.
34
4.1.3
GRAYSCALE
PATTERN
DESIGN
FOR
LITHOGRAPHICALLY
STRUCTURED
OLEDS
.
36
4.1.4
ENGINEERING
THE
OLED
STACK
.
37
4.1.5
RED
EMITTER
CAVITY
OLED
.
39
4.1.6
WHITE
EMITTER
CAVITY
OLED
.
47
4.1.7
TOP-EMITTING
WHITE
OLED
ON
SILICON
SUBSTRATE
.
55
4.1.8
BOTTOM-EMITTING
WHITE
OLED
ON
GLASS
SUBSTRATE
.
57
4.1.9
DOPING
QUPD
WITH
F
G
TCNNQ
.
58
4.1.10
INTRODUCTION
OF
OTPD
.
61
4.1.11
COLOR
CHANGE
OF
WHITE
EMITTER
OLEDS
VIA
GRAYSCALE
LITHOGRAPHY
OF
QUPD
.
62
4.1.12
COLOR
CHANGE
OF
RED
EMITTER
OLEDS
VIA
GRAYSCALE
LITHOGRAPHY
OF
QUPD
.
65
4.1.13
RED
AND
WHITE
EMITTER
CAVITY
DEMONSTRATOR
OLEDS
WITH
VOXEL
STRUCTURE
.
68
4.2
D
IFFUSION
P
ROFILING
OF
S
MALL
M
OLECULES
IN
HTL
S
.70
4.2.1
SMALL
MOLECULE
EMITTER
OLEDS
IN
COMPARISON
TO
POLYMER
EMITTER
.
72
4.2.2
DIFFUSION MEASUREMENT
VIA
ELLIPSOMETRY
.
73
4.2.1
MIXTURE
MEASUREMENTS
OF
SMALL
MOLECULE
EMITTER
AND
MATRIX
MATERIALS
WITH
QUPD
.
74
4.2.2
ELLIPSOMETRIC
MEASUREMENTS
FOR
DIFFUSION
PROFILING
.77
4.2.3
QUPD
LAYER
INTERFACE
CHARACTERIZATION
AND
OPTIMIZATION
.
79
4.2.4
SCREENING
AND
IDENTIFYING
DIFFUSION
PARAMETERS
.
83
4.2.5
MULTIPLE
REGRESSION
ANALYSIS
.
88
4.2.6
IMPACT
OF
DEVICE
OUTPUT
PARAMETERS
OF
NON-CAVITY
TEG
OLEDS
.
91
4.3
G
RAYSCALE
L
ITHOGRAPHY
C
AVITY
OLED
S
WITH
TEG:TMM
E
MITTER
.94
4.3.1
CAVITY
DEMONSTRATOR
OLEDS
WITH
DIFFERENT
EMITTER
MATERIALS
.
96
5
CONCLUSIONS
AND
OUTLOOK
.
99
6
EXPERIMENTAL
.
101
6.1
M
ATERIAL
P
ROPERTIES
.
101
6.1.1
UV/VIS
MEASUREMENTS
.
101
6.1.2
PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
MEASUREMENTS
.
101
6.1.3
ELLIPSOMETRIC
MEASUREMENTS
.
101
6.2
S
AMPLE
P
REPARATION
.
102
6.2.1
OLED
DEVICE
ARCHITECTURE
.
102
6.2.2
SUBSTRATE
PREPARATION
.
103
6.2.3
DEPOSITION
OF
PEDOT:PSS
.
104
6.2.4
DEPOSITION
VIA
SPINCOATING
.
104
6.2.5
CROSS-LINKING
OF
HTL
.
104
6.2.6
VAPOR
DEPOSITION
OF
ORGANIC
MATERIALS
.
104
6.2.7
ANODE/
CATHODE
EVAPORATION
.
104
6.3
OLED
C
HARACTERIZATION
.
105
6.3.1
LIV
CHARACTERISTICS
.
105
6.3.2
ELECTROLUMINESCENCE
MEASUREMENTS
.
105
6.3.3
OPTICAL
SIMULATIONS
.
105
6.3.4
GONIOMETRY
.
105
6.3.5
EXTERNAL
QUANTUM
EFFICIENCY
.
105
6.4
S
URFACE
A
NALYSIS
.
106
6.4.1
MEASUREMENT
OF
LAYER
THICKNESS
.
106
6.4.2
OPTICAL
MICROSCOPY
.
106
6.4.3
ATOMIC
FORCE
MICROSCOPY
.
106
6.5
L
ITHOGRAPHIC
S
TRUCTURING
.
106
7
APPENDIX
.
107
7.1
L
IST
OF
A
BBREVIATIONS
.
107
7.2
R
EFRACTIVE
I
NDICES
MEASURED
WITH
VASE
.
ILL
7.3
C
HEMICAL
S
TRUCTURES
OF
THE
U
SED
M
ATERIALS
.
113
8
REFERENCE
.
116 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Ulber, Benjamin Wolfgang 1990- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1226347789 |
| author_facet | Ulber, Benjamin Wolfgang 1990- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Ulber, Benjamin Wolfgang 1990- |
| author_variant | b w u bw bwu |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047507000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1267473571 (DE-599)DNB1234407434 |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| id | DE-604.BV047507000 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:20:36Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:13:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032907937 |
| oclc_num | 1267473571 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-83 |
| physical | 129 Seiten Illustrationen 21 cm |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Ulber, Benjamin Wolfgang 1990- Verfasser (DE-588)1226347789 aut Grayscale lithographic structuring of hole transport materials for organic light-emitting diodes and investigation of diffusion processes vorgelegt von Benjamin Wolfgang Ulber Köln 2020 129 Seiten Illustrationen 21 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Dissertation Universität Köln 2020 OLED (DE-588)4762455-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content OLED (DE-588)4762455-3 s DE-604 B:DE-101 application/pdf https://d-nb.info/1234407434/04 Inhaltsverzeichnis DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032907937&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p dnb 20210806 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#dnb |
| spellingShingle | Ulber, Benjamin Wolfgang 1990- Grayscale lithographic structuring of hole transport materials for organic light-emitting diodes and investigation of diffusion processes OLED (DE-588)4762455-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4762455-3 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Grayscale lithographic structuring of hole transport materials for organic light-emitting diodes and investigation of diffusion processes |
| title_auth | Grayscale lithographic structuring of hole transport materials for organic light-emitting diodes and investigation of diffusion processes |
| title_exact_search | Grayscale lithographic structuring of hole transport materials for organic light-emitting diodes and investigation of diffusion processes |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Grayscale lithographic structuring of hole transport materials for organic light-emitting diodes and investigation of diffusion processes |
| title_full | Grayscale lithographic structuring of hole transport materials for organic light-emitting diodes and investigation of diffusion processes vorgelegt von Benjamin Wolfgang Ulber |
| title_fullStr | Grayscale lithographic structuring of hole transport materials for organic light-emitting diodes and investigation of diffusion processes vorgelegt von Benjamin Wolfgang Ulber |
| title_full_unstemmed | Grayscale lithographic structuring of hole transport materials for organic light-emitting diodes and investigation of diffusion processes vorgelegt von Benjamin Wolfgang Ulber |
| title_short | Grayscale lithographic structuring of hole transport materials for organic light-emitting diodes and investigation of diffusion processes |
| title_sort | grayscale lithographic structuring of hole transport materials for organic light emitting diodes and investigation of diffusion processes |
| topic | OLED (DE-588)4762455-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | OLED Hochschulschrift |
| url | https://d-nb.info/1234407434/04 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032907937&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ulberbenjaminwolfgang grayscalelithographicstructuringofholetransportmaterialsfororganiclightemittingdiodesandinvestigationofdiffusionprocesses |
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