Wars of Lithuania: a systemic quantitative analysis of Lithuania's wars in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Vilnius
Eugrimas
2014
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Personenregister Register // Ortsregister |
| Beschreibung: | 318 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts, Karten 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9786094372506 9786094372759 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Wars of Lithuania |b a systemic quantitative analysis of Lithuania's wars in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries |c The General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania ; edited by Gediminas Vitkus |
| 264 | 1 | |a Vilnius |b Eugrimas |c 2014 | |
| 300 | |a 318 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Porträts, Karten |c 25 cm | ||
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| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1830-1953 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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5 Contents List of Illustrations. 9 List of Tables. із Gediminas Vitkus Introduction. 17 I. Lithuania’s National War Experience and Correlates of War. 17 LI. The 1830-1831 and 1863-1864 Uprisings. 17 LIL The 1919-1920 Lithuanian War of Liberation.20 LUI. The 1944-1953 Lithuanian Partisan War with the Soviet Union. 22 II. Application of the Correlates of War Methodology to Carry Out Research on Lithuanian Wars. 24 III. Structure of the Book. 28 Virgilijus Pugačiauskas Chapter 1. Lithuania and the 1830-1831 Uprising.зі 1.1. The Warring Sides: Status and Potential. 35 1.1.1. Lithuania: Status and Potential. 35 1.1.2. Russia: Status and Potential. 36 1.2. The Beginning of the
War. 37 1.2.1. Goals, Reasons and Pretexts of the War. 37 1.2.2. Dating the Beginning of the War. 42 1.3. The Course and Main Stages of the War. 43 1.4. ‘Geography of the War. 46 1.5. The Burden of the War.49 1.5.1. Size and Provisioning of the Forces. 49 1.5.2. Allies. 62
6 1.6. War Losses. 66 1.6.1. Fighters Killed in Action.66 1.6.2. Other War Casualties.75 1.7. The End of the War and Its Consequences. 78 1.7.1. Victors of the War. 78 1.7.2. Other Consequences of the War. 78 1.8. Semantics of the War. 81 Instead of Conclusion. 83 Ieva Šenavičienė Chapter 2. Lithuania and the 1863-1864 Uprising. 91 2.1. The Warring Sides: Status and Potential. 99 2.1.1. Status of the Parties at War. 99 2.1.2. Parties’ Territories and Populations. 102 2.1.3. The Economic Potential of the Parties Before the Outbreak of Hostilities.103 2.2. The Beginning of the
War. 105 2.2.1. The Allies and Their Objective. 105 2.2.2. The Initiator of the Uprising; Lithuania Joins the Uprising. 107 2.3. The Burden of the War. 112 2.3.1. Russian Armed Forces. 112 2.3.2. Lithuanian Rebel Forces.114 2.4. The Course and Main Stages of the War. 117 2.4.1. Number of Battles. 117 2.4.2. Stages of the War. 121 2.5. War Losses. 133 2.6. The End of the War: Victors of the War. 139 2.7. Semantics of the War. 141 2.8. Commemoration of the War. 142 Instead of Conclusion. 142 Gintautas Surgailis Chapter 3. The 1919-1920 Lithuanian War of
Liberation. 149 3.1. The Warring Sides: Status and Potential.154 3.1.1. World War I and Preconditions for Re-establishing the Lithuanian State. 154 3.1.2. Lithuania’s Foes. 160 3.2. The Beginning of the War. 162 3.2.1. Goals, Reasons and Pretexts. 162 3.2.2. The Start of Combat Operations. 163
7 3.3. The Course of the War. 165 3.3.1. The Front Against Soviet Russia. 165 3.3.2. The Front Against the Bermontians. 179 3.3.3. The Front Against Poland. 184 3.4. The Burden of the War. 196 3.4.1. Size and Provisioning of the Forces. 196 3.4.2. Leaders. 199 3.5. Lithuania’s Allies. 200 3.6. The Duration of the War. 203 3.7. War Losses. 206 3.7.1. Lithuanian Soldier Casualties. 206 3.7.2. Lithuania’s Economic Losses. 210 3.7.3. Economic and Demographic Consequences of the War.210 3.7.4. Geopolitical Changes. 211 3.8. The End of the
War. 212 3.9. Semantics of the War. 213 3.10. Commemoration of the War. 214 Instead of Conclusion. 215 Edita Jankauskienė Chapter 4. The 1944-1953 Lithuanian Partisan War with the Soviet Union. 223 4.1. The Warring Sides: Status and Potential. 232 4.1.1. The Soviet Union. 232 4.1.2. Lithuania. 233 4.2. The Beginning of the War.236 4.2.1. The Initiator of the War. 236 4.2.2. Goals and Causes of the War. 237 4.2.3. Dating the Beginning of the War. 238 4.3. Soviet Military Units that Suppressed Partisan Resistance in Lithuania. 240 4.4. Lithuanian Partisans ֊ Underground Army in Occupied Land. 248 4.4.1. The Creation and Evolution of Military Organizational Structures and Governing
Body. 248 4.4.2. Insignia, Armament and Provision. 255 4.4.3. Allies. 258 4.5. Leaders. 259 4.6. The Course and Main Stages of the War. 261 4.6.1. The First Stage of the War. 261 4.6.2. The Second Stage of the War.266 4.7. The End and Duration of the War.272 4.8. War Losses. 272
8 4.8.1. Killed in Action.272 4.8.2. Other Casualties. 275 4.9. Semantics of the War. 276 4.10. Commemoration of the War.278 Instead of Conclusion. 282 Gediminas Vitkus Lithuanian Wars Under the Correlates ot War Typology: Final Remark. 291 Index of Personal Names. зо 1 Index of Geographical Names. зі 1
Index of Personal Names 301 index of Personai Names Abarius, Laimonas 240 289 Abyzovas, Vladimiras 243 Baniusevičius, Aleksandras 152 152 164 179 221 Adamkavičius, Edvardas 195 Barańska, Anna 86 Aguonis, Matas 11 175 Bartašiūnas, Juozas 260 Alexander I, czar 38 93 94 Bartkus-Žadgaila, Petras 280 Alexander II, czar 93 94 102 104 127 131 143 Bartolomey, Fyodor 61 66 66 67 70 70 Aleksandravičius, Egidijus 36 86 Baublevičius, lead. 66 Ališauskas, Kazys 152 152 164 166 167 168 169 170 174 177 185 193 194 219 220 Belina-Prażmowski, Władysław Zygmunt 174 Ambrazevičius, J. 140 Benecki 69 Barzykowski, Stanisław 40 63 68 69 71 73 75 Belizoko, assist. 172 Andrikonis, A. 140 Berentas, Eduardas 190 Antonevičius, Boleslovas 128 129 Beresnevičiūtė-Nosalova, Halina 38 86 Antonov, Ivan 185 Berg, Mikołaj Wasyliewicz 96 107 109 147 Anusauskas, Arvydas 12 23 229 229 231 231 241 245 259 263 269 273 274 274 275 286 288 289 Beria, Lavrentiy 241 Apolonov, Arkady 241 260 Augustauskas, Vytautas 208 Axelrod, Alan 18 22 146 219 Bermondt-Avalov, Pavel 11-12 160 162-163 164 179-182 198 199 201 217 Bertašavičiūtė, Rima 4 Bičkauskas-Gentvila, Leonas 114 134 144 Bieliński, Kazimierz 53 59 68 69 71 86 Bilevičius, Juozapas 60 67 70 Babravičius, manager 75 Babrovič, L. (Л. Бабровіч) 50 54 89 Bairašauskaitė, Tamara 36 86 96 146 Bakšys-Klajünas, Antanas 259 Balinskis, Mykolas 39 Baliukevičius-Dzūkas, Lionginas 260 Baltūsis, Antanas 253 Baltušis-Žemaitis, Feliksas 153 153 166 167 168 168 169 172 173 174 175 176 220 Biržiška, Mykolas 106 145 Biskupsky, Vasily 179 Bitis, Adamas 133 Bogdanovas, Μ. 164 Bonoldi,
Achilles 10 121 Borkovskis, col. 72 Bortkevicz brothers, lead. 66 Bortkiewicz, Wincent 55 58 58
302 LITHUANIA’S WARS Brandis, Cordt von 181-182 Cylovas, N. (Н. Цылов) 98 148 Brazaitis, Juozas 228 228 286 Czartoryski, Adam Jerzy 62 65 Bražėnaitė, Rasa 240 287 Breżgo, Bolesław 49 87 Dąbrowski, Jan 153 Brzozowski, Marjan 18 Dalevska, Apolonia 127 Buchoveckis, Stanislovas (Stanislaw Buchowiecki) 122 Dalevski, fam. 127 Bučys, Žygintas 4 Dalevskis, Pranciškus (Franciszek Dalewski) 122 128 Bulgakov, col. 69 73 Dalubowski, Jan 54 Burauskaitė, Teresė Birutė 4 Darnusis, Adolfas 231 231 286 Burmakas, Piotras 241 Dangei, Stanisław 47 48 49 51 54 69 70 73 81 87 Bychkovsky, Mikhail 244 Danilevičius-Vidmantas, Henrikas 12 251 Callier, Edmund 68 71 75 87 Danilov, col. 48 Cicéniené, Rima 4 Danilowicz, Kalikst 41 Čapenka, Aleksandras 160 221 Daujotas, lead. 70 Čechovičius, Gustavas (Gustaw Czechowicz) 122 Daumantas, J. see Lukša-Daumantas, Juozas Čechovičius, Zigmantas (Zygmunt Czechowicz) 121 133 Daukša, Jokūbas 106 106 Davies, Norman 22 Deksnys, Jonas 253 Čepėnas, Pranas 151 151 165 180 182 185 190 192 212 219 Dellingshausen, gen. 72 73 Čerkasovas, P. (Π. П. Черкасов) 104 148 Diebitsch, Karl von 181-182 202 Černiakas, Maksimilijonas (Maksymilian Czerniak) 123 129 Diebitsch-Zabalkansky, Ivan (И. Дибичь) 39 49-50 82 86 Černyševskis, D. (Д. В. Чернышевский) 104 148 Červinskis, Povilas (Paweł Czerwiński) 133 133 140 141 Chicherin, Georgy 212 Chilkov, gen. 66 68 69 Chłapowski, Dezydery Adam 9 40 45 54 61 63-64 64 65 71-72 Dembiński, Henryk 62 72-73 72 75 Diuloranas, Nestoras (Nestor du Laurans) 122 Diupiuji, R. E. (P. E. Дюпюи) 37 89 Diupiuji, T. H. (T. X. Дюпюи) 37 89 Djakovas, V. (В. А.
Дъяков) 59 67 89 Dluskis-Jablonovskis, Boleslovas (Bolesław Dluski-Jabłonowski) 10 121-124 124 125 129 132 141 141 Chłopicki, Józef 39-40 Dmochovskis, Henrikas (Henryk Dmochowski) 122 129 Chrzanowski, Wojciech 40 Dmochowski, Justyn 75 Chwalba, Andrzej 83 88 Dolgorukov, Nikolai 50 Ciškevičius, Kletas (Anaklet Cyszkiewicz) 122 Domański, Tadeusz Edward 55 87 Clark, Terry 4 Domeyko, Ignacy 60 64 Clemenceau, Georges 165 Dovydėnas, Jonas 240 Clodfelter, Micheal 18 22 145 Duchiński, Onufry ПО 123 Cox, Harold E. 22 Duobienė, Arnika 4 Curtis, John Shelton 18
Index of Personal Names 303 Dutkiewicz, Jozef 82 87 Gerua, Alexander 48 Dybowski, Benedykt 128 146 Giedraitis, Jonas 72 Dziemski, manager 75 Giedraitis, Juozapas 9 41 57 68 69 74 Giedraitis, Mykolas 54 Eberhardt, Walter von 181-182 202 Edwards, Henry Sutherland 18 145 Giełgud, Antoni 43 43 45 51 58 64 65 71 71 74 78 Eidimtas-Vygantas, Adolfas 249 Giełgud, Mykolas 43 Eidimtas-Žybartas, Adolfas 239 Giller, Agaton 145 Eitmonovičius, Julijonas (Julian Ejtmonowicz) 133 Cintila, Jonas Chrizostomas (Jan Chryzostom Gintyłło) 125 Girnius, Kęstutis К. 228 228 229 286 Giunterytė-Puzinienė, Gabrielė 75 85 Fainhauz, David (Dawid Fajnhauz) 95 95 106 109 114 128 129 132 135 145 Glinskis, Mikas 185 Falewicz, gen. 187 Gliožaitis, Algirdas Antanas 157 221 Falewicz, Wojciech 185 Gnorowski, S. J. B. 18 Feduszka, Jacek 34 34 40 41 42 43 48 63 64 71 73 87 Gofman, rittmeister 73 Florinsky, Michael T. 18 145 Goltz, Rüdiger von der 11 160 161 164 179-180 Foch, Ferdinand 165 185 187 192 Goraisky, leader 66 Fress, Otto 75 Gorbačevskis, Juozapas (Józef Gorbaczewski) 122 Gadliauskaitè, Daiva 240 287 Gorbaczowa, Olga 34 39 41 46 47 48 49 64 65 67 75 87 Gadon, lead. 68 Gailius, Bernardas 4 229 229 286 Galvanauskas, Ernestas 182 184 Galvydis-Bykauskas, Jonas 159 Garbačova, V. V. (В. В. Гарбачова) 34 44 47 49 51 54 60 65 67 69 70 73 78 79 81 86 89 Garbatyuk, Ivan 243 Goreckis, Antanas 39 Gorski, Józef 53 Górza, Bronisław 116 145 Grigaliūnas-Glovackis, Vincas 153 Grigonis-Užpalis, Leonas 280 Grinkov, assist. 172 Griška, Jurgis 220 Garczyński, Stefan 40 Griškaitė, Reda 4 Garibaldi, Giuseppe 131 Grochovskis,
I. 140 Garibaldi, Menotti 132 Gronostajski, Gerard 64 Gaškaitė-Žemaitienė, Nijolė 23 227 229 230 230 253 255 258 262 273 274 275 278 286 288 289 Grotkowski, Ferdinand 59 67 Gawryszewski, Andrzej 161 219 Gediminas, grand duke 112 Gedvilas-Remigijus, Robertas 12 251 Geištoras, Jokūbas (Jakób Gieysztor) 122 122 123 Gerber, Rafał 87 Grotkowski, Jakub 39 Grunskis, Eugenijus 230 230 289 Grunwald, Constantin de 18 Gruszewski, Juliusz 9 42 45 56 Grybinas-Faustas, Aleksandras 12 251 280 Grzegorzewski, postman 75 Gudaczewski, lead. 59
304 LITHUANIA'S WARS Gudaitis-Guzevičius, Aleksandras 260 Jelenskis, Antanas (Antoni Jelenski) 122 Guščinskienė, Jūratė 4 Jesman, Ignacy 66 Gužas-Kardas, Vytautas 12 251 280 Jokantas, Kazimieras 221 Jokimaitis, Rimantas 4 Handelsman, Marceli 153 153 219 Jokubauskas, Vytautas 249 289 Hauke-Bosak, Józef 139 Juozevičiūtė, Vilma 281 Henrys, Paul Prosper 185 Jurgėla, Kostas R. 98 145 Herbutowicz, command. 68 Herubowicz, Constantin 9 57 Kablukov, gen. lieut. 70 Herzen, Alexander 127 Kaczkowski, Józef 81 87 Hofen, lead. 70 Kalembka, Sławomir 79 87 Hordynsky, Joseph 18 Kalinauskas, Konstantinas (Konstanty Kali nowski) 70 121 122 122 123 133 133 Horodeński, command. 68 69 Hough, William J. H. 24 Kalinowski, Benedykt 42 Howen, command. 70 Kaniblotskiy, lieut. col. 68 Hrebnickis, Justinas 39 Kapralov, Piotr 261 Hubarewicz, command. 70 Karpovičius, Ferdinandas see Mikailovskaja Eleonora Humwait, Kazimierz 70 Hupchick, Dennis P. 22 Kašėta, Algis 229 255 258 262 268 273 274 275 276 286 289 Ilgūnas, Gediminas 98 145 Kasparas, Kęstutis 229-230 229 235 239 239 286 Ilinsky, col. 73 Iškauskas, Česlovas 239 289 Ivanov, command. 174 Kasparek, Norbert 74 78 87 Kasperavičius-Visvydas, Juozas 259 Kasprowiczówna, Wilhelmina 53 Kaszeta, Daniel J. 226 289 Jacevičius, Anupras 38 41 58 69 70 70 75 Jaeger, Marek 63 87 Jagèla, Jonas 281 Jagiellowicz, command. 67 Jakštas, J. 179 221 Jakubčionis, Algirdas 234 235 288 Jankauskas, V. 180 Jankauskienė, Edita 4 29 223-283 Janulaitis, Augustinas 56 59 80 87 109 114 117 117 145 Jarudis, command. 71 Jarzębowski, Józef 132 146 Jasinskis, A. 128 Jaworowski, J. 61
87 Jėkabsonas, Erikas 187 221 Katche, Maksimas 188 Kaunietis, Romas 4 12 Kazanas, Afanasas 240 Kelertienė, Violeta (Violeta Kelertas) 4 298 Khrapovitsky, Matvey 9 42 50-51 67 69 82 Kiaunis, Jurgis 163 Kiciński, Adam 153 Kiekernecki, col. 71 Kieniewicz, Feliks 48 54 Kieniewicz, Stefan 71 87 111 139 145 Kiliński, Jan 209 Kizwalter, Tomasz 83 88 Kleščinskis, Konstantinas 189 190 Klukowski, Ignacy 51 59 60 68 75 Knezys, Stasys 234 235 288
ίπ cf s x от Personal N з пі ss 305 Knorring, command. 72 Kobulov, Bogdan 260 Ladyga, Kazys 11 180 184 189 190 193 199-200 Kocój, Henryk 39 83 87 Langer, William Leonard 22 Kognovickis, Otonas (Otton Kognowicki) 133 140 Lanskoronskis, Juozas 195 Kohn, George Childs 22 219 Laurinaitis, Stasys 228 228 287 289 Kolčakas, Aleksandras 179 Lelewel, Joachim 40-41 Kolíska, Boleslovas (Bolesław Kolyszko) 10 122 123 128 128 141 Komzolova, Ana (А. А. Комзолова) 108 112 147 Koncevičius, Jonas 106 Koreva, Kletas (Anaklet Korewo) 122 Lapinski, Teofil (Teofil Łapiński) 124 129 Lemaistre, Jean Frédéric 83 Lenkevičius, Aleksandras (Aleksander Lenkiewicz) 123 Lesčius, Vytautas 152 152 172 174 185 187 196 210 219 Kosowski, offic. 47 Leskauskas, Ignotas (Ignacy Laskowski) 123 129 140 Kowalewska, Zolja 98 145 Leslie, R. F. 18 145 Kozakauskas, Stanislovas 128 129 Liatukas, Pranas 11 180-182 184 199-200 Kozela-Poklevskis, Jonas (Jan Koziełło-Poklewski) 121 Liesis-Naktis, Bronius 280 Koženiauskienė, Regina 4 Liesys-Idenas, Antanas 12 251 Liaugauda, command. 70 Krasicki, Kaspar 75 Lieven, A. 22 Kraskowski, Tadeusz 60 Lieven, Anatoly 160 Kręćki, August Roman 97 Lisieckis, Michał 59 61 67 Krikščiūnas-Rimvydas, Jurgis 252 Litvinov, col. 56 71 Kruopas, Jonas 39 88 Liuberskis-Žvainys, Kostas 272 Kryczyński, Leon 53 87 Liubinas, V. 197 Kryuckov, col. 72-73 Liutkevičius, E. 106 128 Kubilius, Adolfas 249 Lopacinskis, Ignotas (Ignacy Łopaciński) 122 Kubilius, Jurgis 158-159 Łosowski, Piotr 219-220 Kublicki brothers, command. 66 Łukomski, Grzegorz 153 153 154 190 220 Kučevskis, Edmunas (Edmund Kuczewski) ПО
Kulakauskas, Antanas 36 86 Lukoševičius, Vincentas (Wincenty Łukaszewicz) 123 Kulčickis, L. 110 Lukošiūnas, К. 128 Kuodytė, Dalia 226 229 236 239 249 252 255 258 262 268 273 274 275 286 288 289 290 Lukša, Juozas 277 Kurkauskas, Vladas 190 Lukša-Daumantas 13 228 238 260 266 278 286 287 Kurnatovskis, Marcijonas (Marcjan Kurnatows ki) 122 Lukša-Skirmantas, Juozas 252 Kuruta, Dmitry 80 Lukšėnas, Antanas 9 Lukša-Daumantas, Juozas 13 260 Lukštienė, Ramunė 4 Laar, M. (Μ. Лаар) 259 277 287 289 Labanauskas, Jonas 128 129 Lyub, Ivan 242
306 LITHUANIA’S WARS Mačionis, Vytautas 239 Moravskis, T. 740 Maciūnas, Vincas 102 145 Morozowa, Olga 105 146 Mackevičius, Antanas (Antoni Mackiewicz) 10 95 115 122 125 125 126 128 129 133 139 142 Mostowicz, landlord 57 Mackiewicz, Mieczysław 191 Maksimaitienė, Ona 94 94 96 98 117 117 120 121 122 128 128 131 134 134 135 144 145 Maleckis, Dominykas 128 129 Maleckis, Kasparas 128 129 Malinovsky, maj. 70 Maliszewski, Edward 96 146 Manteuffel, lead. 67 68 Maske, col. 72 Maslauskienė, Nijolė 230 230 236 290 Mastauskiené, Vaida 4 Mastianica, Olga 9 Matusevičius, Jurgis 51 68 71 73 105 144 Morycz, poruch. 72 Mowat, Robert Balmain 22 Muravyov, Mikhail 38 48 51 82 95 96 114-115 134 135 138 139 Nagys, Pranas 235 290 Nahaylo, Bohdan 226 287 Nakwaska, Anna 78 78 87 Nałęcz, Tömsz 83 88 Napoleonas I (Bonapartas), imper. 28 41 Napoleonas III, imper. 131 Narbutas, Liudvikas (Ludwik Narbutt) 10 73 115 122 122 129 140 Narbutas, Teodoras 122 Navickas, К. (К. Навицкас) 186 Matusevičius, Petras 105 144 Niessel, Henri Albert 11 152 152 179 182-184 182 184 217 220 Matusevičius, Pijus 105 144 Niezabitowski, Kalikst 54 Mažeika, J. 140 Nikolayenko, lead. 71 Medišauskienė, Zita 36 46 86 Noormets, Tiit 23 Merkys, Vytautas 98 145 Norman, D. 287 Mickevičius, lead. 67 Norvaiša, Antanas (Antoni Narwojsz) 122 Mickevičius-Kapsukas, Vincas 157 166 Novagrockienė, Jūratė 4 Mikhailovskaya, Eleonora 53 54 Nowak, Andrzej 88 Miknys, Rimantas 36 86 Milaševičius-Ruonis, Aleksandras 12 251 Miłosz, leader 67 69 Milovidov, Aleksandr (А. И. Миловидов) 95 114-115 114 117 117 132 134 134 135 135 147 Minckwitz, von 83
Minkevičius, Jonas 4 Mironov, Boris (Борис Миронов) 37 89 Mirski, lead. 73 74 Obučenkova, L. (Л. А. Обученкова) 57 59 67 89 Odachowski, Feliks and Ignacy 49 70 Oginski, Ireneusz 104 Oginskis, kunigaikšt. 64 67 Olšauskas, Benediktas 128 129 Oskerko, Anton 54 Oskerko, Emil 48 54 Mokrzecki, Adam 185 Oskierka, Aleksandras (Aleksander Oskierko) 122 Moliński, Jan 106 146 Osten-Sacken, Fabian 51 71 Moncevičius, maj. 67 68 Ostrovski, lead. 71 Monvill, gen. 191 Ostrowski, Władysław 41 Moore, David Ohioni 298
Index of Personal Names 307 Ovčinikova, S. (C. T. Овчиникова) 82 89 Pushkin, Alexander 82 Pusłowski, Tytus 48 54 73 140 Paczkowski, Andrzej 83 88 Puszet, Anton 46 55 68 71 Paderewski, Ignacy Jan 187 Puszynski, lead. 69 Page, Stanley W. 22 Putiata, lead. 70 Paliūnas-Rytas, Juozas 260 Palmer, Alan 22 Puzyrewski, Aleksandr 18 34 34 42 64 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 75 88 Panderewski, Foreign Affairs min. 217 Pyplys-Mažytis, Kazimieras 252 Pankin, maj. 269 Parczewski, Konstanty 53 58 59 69 Rabinavisius, Henricus 22 Pasierbskis, Ipolitas (Hipolit Pasierbski) 122 Radavičius, Juozas 128 129 Paszkowski, Stanislaws 54 Radziszewski, Stanisław 52 Paulavičius, manager 75 Radziuk, A. (A. P. Радзюк) 54 89 Pavliščev, Nikolai (Николай Павлищев) 114 147 Rainys, Juozas 187 220 Pavlovich, Constantine 37 Rakutis, Valdas 4 Petrauskas, peasant 67 Petrovas, К. (К. В. Петров) 134 147 Ramanauskas-Vanagas, Adolfas 12-13 228 238 251 260 280 288 Petrovsky, lead. 66 Raštikis, Stasys 152 152 207 207 220 Petrulevičius, vicar 72 Raszanowiczówna, Maria 9 53 Rakūnas, Algirdas 228 228 287 288 289 Petrulienė, Eugenija 4 Raun, Toivo U. 226 288 Phillips, Charles 18 22 146 219 Reboul, Constantin 165 191 Pietkiewicz, Michel 36 60 62 72 73 88 Reddaway, William Fiddian 18 146 Pius IX, pope 252 278 278 Rennenkampf, gen. 67-68 69 70 Pilsudski, Józef 165 190 191 200 217 Revunenkov, V. (В. Г. Ревуненков) 131 148 Piročkinas, Arnoldas 211 212 Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. 37 88 Pliateris, Leonas (Leon Plater) 129 Rimkevičius, Juozapas 66 70 Pliaterytė, Emilija 9 53 Rogalskis, Leonas 39 Pocius, Mindaugas 228 228 231 231 273 274 274
275 288 290 Rohland, gen. 72-73 74 Podbereski, Fortunat 67 Romer, Adem 191 Polak, Bogusław 190 220 Römeris, Mykolas 41 Romaszewska, Antonina 53 Prądzyński, Ignacy 40 Rosiak, S. 79 81 88 Prozor, Maurycy 9 56 58 58 61 61 68 68 71 72 Roßbach, Gerhard 182 Przeczyszewski, Antoni 42 67 Ruseckas, Petras 188 206 206 207 220 Przyłuski, August 71 Rusicki, manager 75 Pšezdzeckis, rebel 60 Rutkauskas, rebel lead. 140 Pugačiauskas, Virgilijus 4 28 31-90 36 42 86 88 Ružancovas, Aleksandras 57 71 79 80 86 88 98 146 175 209 209 221 Purenąs, Petras 42 68 71 73 88 Rydz-Smigły, Edward 12 200-201 Różański, F. 96 146
308 LITHUANIA'S WARS Šabdulskis, peasant 67 Šlageris, lead. 67 Sabonyté, Gema 4 Sleževičius, Mykolas 159 202 Šadžius, Henrikas 231 231 290 Sliesoriūnas, Feliksas 34 34 38 39 42 43 44 46 47 50 52 52 54 55 58 59 60 62 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 79 80 82 88 Safyanov, maj. 69 Samsonowicz, Henryk 83 88 Sarkees, Meredith Reid 3-4 3 17 22 23 33 84 88 93 99 102 107 133 139 146 151 219 220 225 238 275 277 282 288 296 299 Smakauskas, Vincentas 9 32 Sauka, doct. 74 Smetona, Antanas 182 Small, Melvin 17 20 24 295 296 296 300 Šaulys, Jurgis 165 Smirnov, А. (А. Ф. Смирнов) 98 114 148 Savoini, gen. 73 Špilueski, I. (I. T. Шпілўескі) 50 54 89 Saxe-Coburg, Ferdinand 80 Stachowski, landlord 69 Schiemann, Theodor 18 Stakhanov, Nikolai 243 Schirman, gen. 67-68 70 73 73 Stalin, Joseph 157 232 Schöler, Friedrich 39 Staliūnas, Darius 95 95 146 Schön, Heinrich Theodor von 83 Stanevičius, Jonas (Jan Staniewicz) 133 Šembergas, Henrikas 240 Staniewicz, Ezechiel 9 45 46 55 61 66 Šemeta, lead. 72 Stanišauskas, Mykolas 128 129 Šenavičienė, Ieva 4 10 28 91-148 96 102 108 111 126 142 145 146 Stanislovaitis, Romualdas (P. Станисловайтис) 228 288 Sevastyanov, col. 68 71 Stankevičienė, Eulialija 4 Shamovsky, maj. 69 Starkauskas, Juozas 12 230 230 231 233 242 244 245 246 247 267 270 273 274 275 288 290 Shevaldin, Trifon 245 Šibaila-Merainis, Juozas 280 Siemaszko, Józef 47 49 70 Sierakauskas-Dolenga, Zigmantas ( Zygmunt Sierakowski) 10 124 127-129 128 129 139 Stašaitis, Arūnas 226 290 Staszewski, Jacek 83 88 Steinberg, Mark D. 37 88 Stella-Sawicki, Jan 96 146 Sierakowska, Apolonia 96 98 146 Stelnicki,
Feliks 67 Sifman, R. (P. И. Сифман) 161 Steponaitis, Vytautas 61 66 70 86 109 145 152 153 177 221 Sikorska-Kulesza, Jolanta 96 146 Šilingas, Aleksandras (Aleksander Szyling) 122 129 Stolarskis, Rafał 153 153 220 Stone, David 18 Šimkevičius, Povilas (Paweł Szymkiewicz) 123 133 Strazdūnaitė, Rita 96 144 Šimkus, A. 196 221 Streikus, Arūnas 234 235 288 Simonavicius, K. 140 Strods, Heinrihs 23 259 288 290 Singer, J. David 17 20 24 295-296 296 300 Strolia, Julius 240 Sinkevičius, Vytautas 229 229 254 290 Subačius, Giedrius 105 144 Sirevičius, pulk. 74 Sucharzewski, nobleman 42 Skorupskie, Vladas 181 184 220 Sulima, gen. 68 69 69 Skrzynecki, Jan Zygmuntas 63 75 Sumskis, Stanislovas 39 Streikus, Antanas 240
Index of Personai Names 309 Surgailis, Gintautas 4 11-12 29 149-222 197 220 Surkont, lead. 42 46 66 71 Surkov, poruch. 66 68 Šutinienė, Loreta 9 Vaitiekūnas, Stasys 233 288 Vaitkevičius, Bronius 153 153 168 169 173 174 175 220 Valančius, Motiejus (Maciej Wołonczewski) 102 125 130 147 Światopełk-Mirski, Tomasz 55 Vareikis, Vygantas 4 Swoboda, Victor 226 287 Variakojis, Jonas 163 209 Szón, Karol 46 55 68 Vasiukov, lead. 172 Szretter, Jakub 54 70 Vavilov, commiss. 172 Szumski, Stanisław 41 86 Velykis, Mykolas 159 Szymanowski, col. 71 71 Vėlyvis, Petras 264 290 Szyndler, Bartłomiej 64 73 75 Veremejev, J. (Ю. Веремеев) 233 290 Veryha, Edmundas (Edmund Weryho) 121 Tarczyński, Marek 63 65 88 Verzilin, col. 67 67 69 69 Tatura, Adam 49 Vėtrinskis, lead. 73 Tautkevičius, lead. 58 Vetrov, Pavel 244 260 Tazbir, Janusz 54 83 88 132 147 Veverskis-Senis, Kazys 239 Terlecki, lead. 71 Vidinksy, capt. 71 Tikhomirov, Lev (Л. А. Тихомиров) 101 101 108 129 132 132 148 Vidugiris, J. 152 221 Tininis, Vytautas 237 277 288 290 Tkachenka, Ivan 260 Virgolich, Yevgeny 11 160 164 179-180 181 198 200 Tokarz, Wacław 34 34 37 39 43 46 51 60 61 62 63 64 65 67 68 69 73 78 88 Vitčiené, Ona 4 Tolstoy, Piotr 56 57 72 82 Vitkauskas, Vincas 188 Tomkiewicz, lead. 69 Vitkus, Aleksandras 164 165 179 180 185 212 220 Tornau, col. 69 Totoraitis, Jonas 68 75 Tracevskis, Rokas 226 288 Tyla, Antanas 11 Tyszkiewicz, Stanisław 68 Vidzga, lieut. 72 Vislouchas, Feliksas (Feliks Wysłouch) 122 133 Vitkus, Gediminas 4 17-30 274 275 290 291-300 Vitkus-Kazimieraitis, Juozas 252 259 Vivulskis, Povilas 128 129 Voldemaras,
Augustinas 158 Volickis, Antanas 106 Ulevičius, Bonifacas 229 255 258 262 273 274 275 286 Vorobyov, yesaul. 66 Urbanowicz, lead. 70 Vosylius, Eugenijus 4 Urbšys, Juozas 152 221 Voveris-Žaibas, Vaclovas 260 Urlanis, Borisas (Б. Ц. Урланис) 134 148 Vrublevskis, Valerijus (Walery Wróblewski) 133 Ustrialov, Nikolai (H. Г. Устрялов) 101 148 Vyšniauskas, Vyšniauskas 264 290 Vaičenonis, Jonas 230 230 256 257 288 290 Vžesnievskis, Edvinas 128 129 Vaičiūnas, Gintaras 240 287 290 Vaitelis-Briedis, Danielius 260
310 LITHUANIA'S WARS Wayman, Frank Whelon 3 3 17 22 23 33 84 88 93 99 102 107 133 139 146 151 219 220 225 238 275 277 282 296 299 Zgórniak, Marian 40 88 Wejtko, Władysław 167 Żilinskis, Jonas Stanislovas 60 Zielinski, Stanisław 10 95 95 98 117-118 120 121 128 128 135 139 139 147 Weygand, Maxime 185 Žilys, Povilas 195 221 White, James D. 22 Zimmerle, E. 171 Wielopolski, Alexander 144 Wilson, Woodrow 157 Ziółek, Jan 34 34 41 42 43 52 52 59 63 65 78 88 Wojtasik, Janusz 116 139 145-147 Zorgo, doct. 74 Wolff, landi. 57 Žotkevičiūtė, Agnietė 4 Wrzosek, Mieczysław 190 220 Zubkova, Elena 277 289 Wyczański, Andrzej 83 88 Zubov, Platon 80 Wysocki, Józef 132 Žukaitis, Stepas 152 176 221 Wyszczelski, Lech 153-154 153 154 191 210 220-221 Žukas, Konstantinas 12 188-190 190 192-193 193 199-200 220 Yakovlev, capt. 67 Žukauskas, peasant 67 Yefimov, Dmitry 261 277 Žukauskas, Silvestras 11 177 193-195 199 Yudenich, Nikolai 160 181 Zacharova, L. (Л. Г. Захарова) 114 147 Zahorski, Andrzej 71 87 Zaicev, V. (В. Μ. Зайцев) 57 59 67 89 95 117 147 Zaj ewski, Władysław 34 39 40 41 50 63 64 71 87-88 Zakrzewski, Bogdan 54 Zaleski, Bronisław 128 147 Žalimas, Dainius 24 229 229 235 289 Zaliwski, command. 64 72 Załuski, Karol 53 58 67 Zambžickis, Liudvikas 39 Žarskis, Bronislovas (Bronisław Żarski Żardski) 122 128 129 129 Zaviša, Ignotas 41 Zaviša, rebel lead. 67 Żeligowski, Lucjan 11-12 153 194-196 200-201 203 207 209-210 213 218 219 Žemaitis-Vytautas, Jonas 13 253 254 260 270 272 280 Žemaitis-Žaltys, Jonas 253 Žepkaitė, Regina 165 185 186 220 Zeschau, W. 201
Index of Geographical Names 311 Index of Geographica! Names Adakavas parish 58 vaivod. 35 46 55 71 Aukštadvaris 172 175 Africa 26 298 Ausieniškiai 185 Akmenė 173 272 Austria 33 93 99 102 131-132 143 297 Algeria 127 Algimantas distr. 13 268 Austria-Hungary 162 Aviliai 178 Ažagai 262 264 264 Alovė 187 Babcha 70 Alytus 50 159 167-168 172 196 201 Babruysk distr. 264 distr. 47 America 235 Baden Baden 252 South 235 Bagaslaviškis 187 Andrioniškis forest 128 Anykščiai 61 239 distr. 239 240 Ariogala 42 66 Aristavas manor 163 Ashmyany 47 52 53 57 60 67 75 80 distr. 59 68 Asia 26 298 Central 232 Ašmena 67 75 county 121 Augustów 185 187 191 192 193 canal 165 185 count. 95 govern. 95 95 120 134 134 135 Baisogala 72 181 253 Balbieriškis 45 74 Balninkai 177 187 Baltarusija 99 111 112 142 165 234 241 White Rus’ 99 99 Baltic 229 277 282 293 countries 20 23 24 151 152 159 165 179 182 213 217 225 226 232 233 234 235 258 259 275 276 277 282 284 293 294 297 299 region, Baltics 179 182 203 241 sea 106 124 128 Barkai 187 Barklainiai 177 Barysaw distr. 47 48 120 Bauska 181
312 LITHUANIA'S WARS Bebrene 208 Denmark 236 Belgium 39 82 Didžioji St. 174 Berlin 83 127 Draginiai 124 Berżniki 186 187 Dubičiai 10 122 140 Bessarabia 166 232 Dubingiai 194 Białowieża forest 47 49 54 64 70 Dubysa 42 72 123 Białystok 72 Dūkštas 178 distr. 54 109 Bielsk distr. 108 109 140 Biržai 57 127 129 139 159 177 180 250 Brest distr. 47 49 54 108 Brest-Litovsk 158 165 Brno 257 Bugas 40 Bukta 264 Bulgaria 131 Butrimonys 59 172 Caucasus 79 Červenka 208 Chernavchitsy 50 Cherykaw distr. 120 China 296 Cimkowiczy 50 Čiobiškis 185 Constantinople 132 Dusmenys 168 Dzisna 47 48 49 52 54 69 count. 120 Eimuliškis 262 264 Eišiškės 64 68 England 83 102 131-132 Estonia 20 151 157 160 216 217 232 259 277 282 294 Europe 26 35 36 37 38 93 98 101 102 105 131 132 142 216 225 234 235 238 Eastern 225 232 Western 225 268 Finland 21 161 232 France 37 39 41 78 83 102 127 131 132 160 165 191 197 296 298 Galicia 127 Gargždai 60 Gate of Dawn 174 Gdansk 79 Geležiai distr. 267 Czechoslovakia 232 Germany 21 25 155 158 160-163 165-166 168 169 171-172 179-180 182 184-185 197 200 202-204 209 211-212 215-217 233 234 236 238 252 252 283 Darbėnai 43 60 60 67 69 74 75 80 Giedraičiai 69 75 176 194-195 218 Daugai 59 168 171 Ginteniai 73 Daugava 178 203 212 Greece 131 297 Daugavpils 11-12 56 67 120 129 166 168-169 177 178 186 203 206 212 Griva 208 Courland 128 Czarna Hańcza 186 Green Bridge 174 Daugėliškis 68 Grochow 84 Daugirdas Grodno 47 50 72 81 98 110 120 159 164 167 172 185 191 196 202 211 estate 75 Daukšėnai 267 distr. 49 55 108 Degučiai 184 govern. 35 38 41 45 46 47 49 52 54 66
Geographical Names 313 78 79 81 84 94 102 103 105 106 106 108 109 110 110 113 116 116 117 118 119 122 123 130 133 136 137 138-139 140 141 161 voivod. ПО Kazlų Rūda 10 115 Kazytiškis 185 Hajnowszczyzna 61 Kėdainiai 68 159 163 167 169 171 173 201 Hungary 297 count. 163 Hvožna 70 Kelmė 42 201 Igumensky Kernavė distr. 47 folwark 70 Ilūkste 208 Kiauneliškis 262 Italy 131 Kielce 108 Jankūnai 72 Kieliai 68 Japan 232 Kietaviškės 64 75 Jelgava 160 172 179 182 Kiev 108 Jieznas 187 202 govern. 98 108 Jonava 75 167 171 195 201 Joniškėlis 159 174 182 Klaipėda 169 261 region 236 Joniškis 68 80 180 184 213 Juodupė distr. 263 Kobryn distr. 47-48 54 66 Jurbarkas 72 180 183 Königsberg (Kaliningrad) 83 Kačerginė 51 region. 234 Kaišiadorys 168 171-172 201-202 Kaliekiai 60-61 67 Kretinga 75 Kriukai 183 Kalkūni 12 206 Krzemieniec 78 Kalniškė 262 Kulautuva 42 Kalvarija 192 Kupiškis 174 178 202 267 distr. 35 46 55 59 95 95 Kalviai 68 manor 72 75 Kuršėnai 164 173 179 Kamajai 262 distr. 263 Kaniūkai 172 Kurtuvėnai 169 184 Kapliai 163 167 Latvia 20 151 157 162 164 168 172 173 178 179 198 202 203 208 212 216 217 219 232 234 243 259 282 294 Kardžiūnai 43 folwark. 73 Kaunas 43 125 152 175 176 195 196 voivod. 124 125 127 127 Kavarskas 167 177 46 50 51 57 159 161 166 182 183 185 201 202 213 62 71 71 98 117 167 171 172 173 187 188 190 191 214 218 239 distr. 9 56 58 61 65 110 120 govern. 94 95 103 104 108 109 110 113 116 117 118 119 120 120 121 122 123 125 125 127 128 130 133 134 134 136 137 138 139 140 140 141 Soviet 154 198 199 202 Leipalingis 43 Lentvaris 168 Lepiel distr. 45 49 Levaniškis 267 Liepāja
202 Liepkalnis 272
314 LITHUANIA’S WARS Lieplaukė 173 136 137 139 140 141 Linkaičiai 181 Moldova 132 Linkuva 180 Molėtai 62 62 73 74 177 Lipuvka 66 Moluvėnai 67 Lithuania passim Moscow 23 97 111 112 166-167 170 189 216 218 260 Grand Duchy of 19 33 35-36 38-39 46 46 48-49 55 78-80 84-85 94 99 101 106 106 143 161 Łomża 55 Mozyr distr. 47 48 54 66 Musninkai 194 Londonas 127 Naliboki forest 47 54 Lukiškės Sq. 127 133 Navahrudak 47 48 49 Lukšiai 55 Luokė 169 173 distr. 54 Nemakščiai 42 Lutsk 127 Nemenčinė 69 Luzhki 54 Nemunas,Neman 40 95 111 117 120 167 168 172 185 186 Lyck 185 Lyda 47 49 54 55 61 64 71 72 167 168 209 211 count. 121 122 122 Neringa, penins. 261 Neris 174 Nesvizh 50 Lygumai 183 Nevarėnai 173 Maišiagala 69 Nevel 73 Marijampolė 43 68 75 190 204 count. 35 46 55 95 95 New York 157 Novoaleksandrovsk see Zarasai Markutiškiai 167 Obeliai distr. 262 Masty 167 Oceania 26 Mažeikiai 169 173 Onuškis 168 Mazovia 121 Orenburg 127 Medeikiai 128 Ostrołęka 84 Menerai 272 Paberžė 125 Merkinė 50-51 167 172 186 243 Pabradė 73 Meškuičiai 43 73 183 Pagiriai 176 Mičiūnai 71 Pagoję 239 Minaičiai 13 253 Palanga 66 70 80 Minsk 47 50 67 79 98 Old 80 distr. 47 49 Palėvenė 110 govern. 35 38 41 45 46 47 48 49 52 54 66 69 78 79 81 81 84 94 103 104 108 110 116 117 118 119 120 121 123 130 133 136 137 139 140 141 Paliepiai 71 262 Mogilev 98 govern. 35 41 46 48 81 94 103 108 110 116 117 118 119 120 121 123 130 133 Palios 264 Panara 262 Pandėlys 71 distr. 263
Index of Geographical Names 315 Panemunė castle 70 Panemunėlis 262 Panemunis distr. 263 Paneriai 71 folwark 80 Panevėžys 46 60 62 62 65 69 72 122 159 167 169 174 177 264 count. 120 125 128 140 240 264 267 Paris 124 127 131 132 165 Paširvintis folwark 69 Pasvalys 174 183 Pašvitinys 183 Pavandenė 73 Pažvėris 124 124 Persija 37 Pėsčiai 68 Peteronys 172 Pieliai 71 Pikeliškės 43 68 Pinsk distr. 47-48 49 54 66 73 120 Plateliai 250 Plembergas 72 Podlachia 108 Podolia 41 govern. 98 Poland 13 17 19-22 25 33 37 39-42 45 78 81 83-85 93 94 96 99 101 102 102 103 105-108 105 106 111 112 113 114 117 121 123 124 127 131 132 139 142 143 151 153 154 160-165 172 185-193 196 199-200 203-205 207 210 212-213 215-219 232 234 Kingdom of 18 33 46 63 84 94 94 143 Kingdom of Poland vs. Polish Kingdom 18 33 94 Polish Kingdom 10 18-19 18 33-35 33 37 40 42 43 43 50-51 55 57 62-63 79 80 82 84-85 94-95 94 98-99 101-105 102 106 107-114 116-121 116 118 125 131-132 131 135 136 138-139 142-144 143 Polesia 63 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Poland-Lithuania 18 33-35 33 38 40 46 48 63 78 83-85 93-95 94 99 101-102 105-107 143-144 155 162 217 297 Polotsk 48 Portugal 296 298 Prastavoniai folwark. 69 Prienai 55 Pripyat 48 Prussia 33 44 50 55 74 78-79 83-84 93 99 127 143 155 East 171 184 201 232 235 242 Kingdom of 35 45 Pruzhany distr. 47 54 66 Pskovas 166 Pumpėnai 177 Punia 172 Puńsk 46 186 Pušalotas distr. 264 Pylimo St. 174 Radviliškis 13 152 164 169 171 173 180-184 253 281 Raguva 177 267 distr. 267 Rainiai 70 Ramygala 177 Rapperswil 10 95 121 Raseiniai 42 51 75 167 180 183 201-202 distr. 9 42 46 55 56-57 58 61
65 67 74 75 81 124 124 Ratnyčia 185 Rechitsky distr. 47 48 54 66 Riešė folwark 80 Rietavas estate 104 Riga 178 180-184 Rokiškis 166 distr. 263
316 LITHUANIA’S WARS Romania 132 Šėta 167 Rozalimas Šiauliai 4 42 60 71 72 73 74 74 122 159 164 167 169 171 173 174 180 181 182 183 184 201 distr. 264 Rūdiškės 11 194 Rudka 109 Rukoniai 167 Rus’ 10 13 98-102 99 105-107 106 109 111 116 118-121 132 139 142 143 Lithuanian 99 Russia 18 19 21 28 33-34 36-37 39-40 39 42 48 64 78-79 81-84 93 94 94 99 101 102 104 105-107 121 125 128 130-132 143 151 155 157-159 161-162 170 179 211 215 217 232 296 298-299 North-Western Krai of Russia 102 104 117 118 130 Russian Empire 10 17-20 18 33 33 35-36 46 83-85 92-95 94 98 99 101-104 118 143-144 157-158 161 179 233 distr. 9 10 46 57 65 68 92 120 124 164 239 249 263 econ. 56 59 80 Siberia 79 106 157 232 Siesikai 167 240 Šiluva 183 Simnas distr. 264 Šimonys 240 distr. 240 forest 12-13 244 268 Širvintos 10 11 150 176 194-195 218 Skapiškis distr. 262 South-Western Krai of Russia 102 Skaruliai 172 Soviet 20-22 151 154 160 162-163 165-167 171 178 189-190 199 203 205 210 212-213 215-216 Skobiškės Western 102 160 179 Slonim 185 Western Russian Krai 102 Rusų Buda 186 Rykantai 67 187 190 Salakas 178 Šateikiai forest 250 Šaukėnai 10 69 92 forest 263 Skuodas 68 distr. 47 48 49 54 Slutsky distr. 47 Smilgiai distr. 264 Smolensk 157 Sodų St. 174 Saxony 201 Sokolda 72 Seda 169 173 235 Soviet Estonia see Estonia Šeduva 68 174 181 Soviet Latvia see Latvia Seirijai 11 192 Soviet Rusia see Russia Sejny 11 175 187 191-192 194 211 Soviet Union, USSR 158 216 218 223 238 240-241 243 268-269 274-276 299 distr. 35 46 55 95 95 186 Semeliškės 185 Serbia 131 Seredžius parish 57 Šešuoliai 187 3 12 13 17 22-25 29 225 227 230
232-235 244 246 248 251 260 278-279 282-285 293 Spain 296 St Petersburg 39 104 122 124 127 128 Leningrad 241
ographical Na Petrograd 157 181 Stačiūnai 183 Stakliškės 171 Ugostė 72 Ukmergė 50 61 74 133 159 167 172 176 187 195 Studžiūnai 186 distr. 54 55 56 59 60 65 120 140 141 240 Subatu 208 provinc. 122 152 Suostas 183 Ukraine 41 98 142 171 241 Suvalkija 153 191 201 United Kingdom 235 296 298 Suviekas 178 United States of America, USA 3-4 24 151 197 235 Suwałki, Suwałki 172 188 191 192 193 211 218 distr. 59 186 187 Upytė 177 distr. 46 57 65 74 Svėdasai 262 Uruguay 235 Švenčionėliai 175 189 Ušpaliai 133 Švenčionys 66 166 239 distr. 65 80 108 121 Svente 208 Šventoji 67 Utena 43 67 80 166-167 178 187 202 Užnemunė 35 46 55 59 Užneris distr. 55 56 58 65 Svetliczanka 70 Užventis 74 Switzerland 95 121 235 Vabalninkas 174 Szczorsy Valga 157 Zestate 75 Valka 157 157 Tartokas 186 Valkininkai 213 Tauragė 70 159 182-184 Varėna 167 172 175 185 186 Telšiai 52 70 169 173 Varniai 70 73 consist. 102 Vatikanas 235 dioc. 102 Vawkavysk distr. 46 58 65 169 173 Teresboras manor 128 Tilžė, Tilsit 104 201 distr. 47 54 64 Veliuona parish 57 Viduklė 66 183 Tirkšliai 169 173 Vidžiai 60 166 Trakai Viekšniai 173 distr. 59 65 108-109 120 121 Troškūnai 239 distr. 240 Vienna 10 125 127 Vievis 11 75 164 165 168 184 188 189 Vileika, Vileyka 47 49 52 54 60 69 121 189 Tulcea 132 Vilimiškė 80 Turin 127 Vilkaviškis 201-202 Turkey 37 132 296 297 Vilkija 42 66 125 Turmantas 187 Vilnius 4 10 12 21 35-36 39 41-43 45-47 50-51 55 62 67 71 74 75 81-82 95 95 97-98 107 111 124 127 127 133 135 153 Tuva 232 Tytuvėnai 42 317
318 LITHUANIA’S WARS 155 158 159 165-168 170-171 174-175 184-186 190 193-196 211-213 216-218 236 240 256 260 272 Žemaitija 41 42 43 45-46 49 50 58 65 74-75 80 101 124 124 125-126 125 132 173 235 242 249 253 distr. 55 65 108 120 121 261 Žemaitkiemis 177 St. 174 Žėronys 71 govern. 35 38 41 45 48-49 52 56 66 78-79 81 84 94-95 102-104 108-110 113 116-123 120 128 128 130 133-134 134 136-137 139-141 161 Žiežmariai 202 milit, distr. 13 95-97 112-114 112 113 134 135 138 138 region 153 212 dioc. 130 gendarm. 97 Virtukai 262 Višakio Rūda 73 Vištytis 188 Vitebsk 39 48 49 157 govern. 35 41 45-46 48 49 70 81 94 98 103 108 110 112 113 117 118 119 120121 123 130 133 136 137 139 140 141 Vokiečių St. 174 Volhynia 41 47 48 81 127 govern. 108 Voronov 47 Vosgéliai 240 Warsaw 35 38 39 40 41 49 65 84 85 104 106 107 108 113 128 165 205 218 Duchy of 65 Wiżajny 186 Žadvainai 70 74 Žagarė 193 Zarasai 166 178 212 240 Zarasai (Novoaleksandrovsk) distr. 108-109 240 Žarėnai 169 Žasliai 11 67 168 175 194 Zelenaj a 110 Želva 177 187 Žemaičiai distr. 269 Zulovas 73 Žuvintas 264 |
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5 Contents List of Illustrations. 9 List of Tables. із Gediminas Vitkus Introduction. 17 I. Lithuania’s National War Experience and Correlates of War. 17 LI. The 1830-1831 and 1863-1864 Uprisings. 17 LIL The 1919-1920 Lithuanian War of Liberation.20 LUI. The 1944-1953 Lithuanian Partisan War with the Soviet Union. 22 II. Application of the Correlates of War Methodology to Carry Out Research on Lithuanian Wars. 24 III. Structure of the Book. 28 Virgilijus Pugačiauskas Chapter 1. Lithuania and the 1830-1831 Uprising.зі 1.1. The Warring Sides: Status and Potential. 35 1.1.1. Lithuania: Status and Potential. 35 1.1.2. Russia: Status and Potential. 36 1.2. The Beginning of the
War. 37 1.2.1. Goals, Reasons and Pretexts of the War. 37 1.2.2. Dating the Beginning of the War. 42 1.3. The Course and Main Stages of the War. 43 1.4. ‘Geography of the War. 46 1.5. The Burden of the War.49 1.5.1. Size and Provisioning of the Forces. 49 1.5.2. Allies. 62
6 1.6. War Losses. 66 1.6.1. Fighters Killed in Action.66 1.6.2. Other War Casualties.75 1.7. The End of the War and Its Consequences. 78 1.7.1. Victors of the War. 78 1.7.2. Other Consequences of the War. 78 1.8. Semantics of the War. 81 Instead of Conclusion. 83 Ieva Šenavičienė Chapter 2. Lithuania and the 1863-1864 Uprising. 91 2.1. The Warring Sides: Status and Potential. 99 2.1.1. Status of the Parties at War. 99 2.1.2. Parties’ Territories and Populations. 102 2.1.3. The Economic Potential of the Parties Before the Outbreak of Hostilities.103 2.2. The Beginning of the
War. 105 2.2.1. The Allies and Their Objective. 105 2.2.2. The Initiator of the Uprising; Lithuania Joins the Uprising. 107 2.3. The Burden of the War. 112 2.3.1. Russian Armed Forces. 112 2.3.2. Lithuanian Rebel Forces.114 2.4. The Course and Main Stages of the War. 117 2.4.1. Number of Battles. 117 2.4.2. Stages of the War. 121 2.5. War Losses. 133 2.6. The End of the War: Victors of the War. 139 2.7. Semantics of the War. 141 2.8. Commemoration of the War. 142 Instead of Conclusion. 142 Gintautas Surgailis Chapter 3. The 1919-1920 Lithuanian War of
Liberation. 149 3.1. The Warring Sides: Status and Potential.154 3.1.1. World War I and Preconditions for Re-establishing the Lithuanian State. 154 3.1.2. Lithuania’s Foes. 160 3.2. The Beginning of the War. 162 3.2.1. Goals, Reasons and Pretexts. 162 3.2.2. The Start of Combat Operations. 163
7 3.3. The Course of the War. 165 3.3.1. The Front Against Soviet Russia. 165 3.3.2. The Front Against the Bermontians. 179 3.3.3. The Front Against Poland. 184 3.4. The Burden of the War. 196 3.4.1. Size and Provisioning of the Forces. 196 3.4.2. Leaders. 199 3.5. Lithuania’s Allies. 200 3.6. The Duration of the War. 203 3.7. War Losses. 206 3.7.1. Lithuanian Soldier Casualties. 206 3.7.2. Lithuania’s Economic Losses. 210 3.7.3. Economic and Demographic Consequences of the War.210 3.7.4. Geopolitical Changes. 211 3.8. The End of the
War. 212 3.9. Semantics of the War. 213 3.10. Commemoration of the War. 214 Instead of Conclusion. 215 Edita Jankauskienė Chapter 4. The 1944-1953 Lithuanian Partisan War with the Soviet Union. 223 4.1. The Warring Sides: Status and Potential. 232 4.1.1. The Soviet Union. 232 4.1.2. Lithuania. 233 4.2. The Beginning of the War.236 4.2.1. The Initiator of the War. 236 4.2.2. Goals and Causes of the War. 237 4.2.3. Dating the Beginning of the War. 238 4.3. Soviet Military Units that Suppressed Partisan Resistance in Lithuania. 240 4.4. Lithuanian Partisans ֊ Underground Army in Occupied Land. 248 4.4.1. The Creation and Evolution of Military Organizational Structures and Governing
Body. 248 4.4.2. Insignia, Armament and Provision. 255 4.4.3. Allies. 258 4.5. Leaders. 259 4.6. The Course and Main Stages of the War. 261 4.6.1. The First Stage of the War. 261 4.6.2. The Second Stage of the War.266 4.7. The End and Duration of the War.272 4.8. War Losses. 272
8 4.8.1. Killed in Action.272 4.8.2. Other Casualties. 275 4.9. Semantics of the War. 276 4.10. Commemoration of the War.278 Instead of Conclusion. 282 Gediminas Vitkus Lithuanian Wars Under the Correlates ot War Typology: Final Remark. 291 Index of Personal Names. зо 1 Index of Geographical Names. зі 1
Index of Personal Names 301 index of Personai Names Abarius, Laimonas 240 289 Abyzovas, Vladimiras 243 Baniusevičius, Aleksandras 152 152 164 179 221 Adamkavičius, Edvardas 195 Barańska, Anna 86 Aguonis, Matas 11 175 Bartašiūnas, Juozas 260 Alexander I, czar 38 93 94 Bartkus-Žadgaila, Petras 280 Alexander II, czar 93 94 102 104 127 131 143 Bartolomey, Fyodor 61 66 66 67 70 70 Aleksandravičius, Egidijus 36 86 Baublevičius, lead. 66 Ališauskas, Kazys 152 152 164 166 167 168 169 170 174 177 185 193 194 219 220 Belina-Prażmowski, Władysław Zygmunt 174 Ambrazevičius, J. 140 Benecki 69 Barzykowski, Stanisław 40 63 68 69 71 73 75 Belizoko, assist. 172 Andrikonis, A. 140 Berentas, Eduardas 190 Antonevičius, Boleslovas 128 129 Beresnevičiūtė-Nosalova, Halina 38 86 Antonov, Ivan 185 Berg, Mikołaj Wasyliewicz 96 107 109 147 Anusauskas, Arvydas 12 23 229 229 231 231 241 245 259 263 269 273 274 274 275 286 288 289 Beria, Lavrentiy 241 Apolonov, Arkady 241 260 Augustauskas, Vytautas 208 Axelrod, Alan 18 22 146 219 Bermondt-Avalov, Pavel 11-12 160 162-163 164 179-182 198 199 201 217 Bertašavičiūtė, Rima 4 Bičkauskas-Gentvila, Leonas 114 134 144 Bieliński, Kazimierz 53 59 68 69 71 86 Bilevičius, Juozapas 60 67 70 Babravičius, manager 75 Babrovič, L. (Л. Бабровіч) 50 54 89 Bairašauskaitė, Tamara 36 86 96 146 Bakšys-Klajünas, Antanas 259 Balinskis, Mykolas 39 Baliukevičius-Dzūkas, Lionginas 260 Baltūsis, Antanas 253 Baltušis-Žemaitis, Feliksas 153 153 166 167 168 168 169 172 173 174 175 176 220 Biržiška, Mykolas 106 145 Biskupsky, Vasily 179 Bitis, Adamas 133 Bogdanovas, Μ. 164 Bonoldi,
Achilles 10 121 Borkovskis, col. 72 Bortkevicz brothers, lead. 66 Bortkiewicz, Wincent 55 58 58
302 LITHUANIA’S WARS Brandis, Cordt von 181-182 Cylovas, N. (Н. Цылов) 98 148 Brazaitis, Juozas 228 228 286 Czartoryski, Adam Jerzy 62 65 Bražėnaitė, Rasa 240 287 Breżgo, Bolesław 49 87 Dąbrowski, Jan 153 Brzozowski, Marjan 18 Dalevska, Apolonia 127 Buchoveckis, Stanislovas (Stanislaw Buchowiecki) 122 Dalevski, fam. 127 Bučys, Žygintas 4 Dalevskis, Pranciškus (Franciszek Dalewski) 122 128 Bulgakov, col. 69 73 Dalubowski, Jan 54 Burauskaitė, Teresė Birutė 4 Darnusis, Adolfas 231 231 286 Burmakas, Piotras 241 Dangei, Stanisław 47 48 49 51 54 69 70 73 81 87 Bychkovsky, Mikhail 244 Danilevičius-Vidmantas, Henrikas 12 251 Callier, Edmund 68 71 75 87 Danilov, col. 48 Cicéniené, Rima 4 Danilowicz, Kalikst 41 Čapenka, Aleksandras 160 221 Daujotas, lead. 70 Čechovičius, Gustavas (Gustaw Czechowicz) 122 Daumantas, J. see Lukša-Daumantas, Juozas Čechovičius, Zigmantas (Zygmunt Czechowicz) 121 133 Daukša, Jokūbas 106 106 Davies, Norman 22 Deksnys, Jonas 253 Čepėnas, Pranas 151 151 165 180 182 185 190 192 212 219 Dellingshausen, gen. 72 73 Čerkasovas, P. (Π. П. Черкасов) 104 148 Diebitsch, Karl von 181-182 202 Černiakas, Maksimilijonas (Maksymilian Czerniak) 123 129 Diebitsch-Zabalkansky, Ivan (И. Дибичь) 39 49-50 82 86 Černyševskis, D. (Д. В. Чернышевский) 104 148 Červinskis, Povilas (Paweł Czerwiński) 133 133 140 141 Chicherin, Georgy 212 Chilkov, gen. 66 68 69 Chłapowski, Dezydery Adam 9 40 45 54 61 63-64 64 65 71-72 Dembiński, Henryk 62 72-73 72 75 Diuloranas, Nestoras (Nestor du Laurans) 122 Diupiuji, R. E. (P. E. Дюпюи) 37 89 Diupiuji, T. H. (T. X. Дюпюи) 37 89 Djakovas, V. (В. А.
Дъяков) 59 67 89 Dluskis-Jablonovskis, Boleslovas (Bolesław Dluski-Jabłonowski) 10 121-124 124 125 129 132 141 141 Chłopicki, Józef 39-40 Dmochovskis, Henrikas (Henryk Dmochowski) 122 129 Chrzanowski, Wojciech 40 Dmochowski, Justyn 75 Chwalba, Andrzej 83 88 Dolgorukov, Nikolai 50 Ciškevičius, Kletas (Anaklet Cyszkiewicz) 122 Domański, Tadeusz Edward 55 87 Clark, Terry 4 Domeyko, Ignacy 60 64 Clemenceau, Georges 165 Dovydėnas, Jonas 240 Clodfelter, Micheal 18 22 145 Duchiński, Onufry ПО 123 Cox, Harold E. 22 Duobienė, Arnika 4 Curtis, John Shelton 18
Index of Personal Names 303 Dutkiewicz, Jozef 82 87 Gerua, Alexander 48 Dybowski, Benedykt 128 146 Giedraitis, Jonas 72 Dziemski, manager 75 Giedraitis, Juozapas 9 41 57 68 69 74 Giedraitis, Mykolas 54 Eberhardt, Walter von 181-182 202 Edwards, Henry Sutherland 18 145 Giełgud, Antoni 43 43 45 51 58 64 65 71 71 74 78 Eidimtas-Vygantas, Adolfas 249 Giełgud, Mykolas 43 Eidimtas-Žybartas, Adolfas 239 Giller, Agaton 145 Eitmonovičius, Julijonas (Julian Ejtmonowicz) 133 Cintila, Jonas Chrizostomas (Jan Chryzostom Gintyłło) 125 Girnius, Kęstutis К. 228 228 229 286 Giunterytė-Puzinienė, Gabrielė 75 85 Fainhauz, David (Dawid Fajnhauz) 95 95 106 109 114 128 129 132 135 145 Glinskis, Mikas 185 Falewicz, gen. 187 Gliožaitis, Algirdas Antanas 157 221 Falewicz, Wojciech 185 Gnorowski, S. J. B. 18 Feduszka, Jacek 34 34 40 41 42 43 48 63 64 71 73 87 Gofman, rittmeister 73 Florinsky, Michael T. 18 145 Goltz, Rüdiger von der 11 160 161 164 179-180 Foch, Ferdinand 165 185 187 192 Goraisky, leader 66 Fress, Otto 75 Gorbačevskis, Juozapas (Józef Gorbaczewski) 122 Gadliauskaitè, Daiva 240 287 Gorbaczowa, Olga 34 39 41 46 47 48 49 64 65 67 75 87 Gadon, lead. 68 Gailius, Bernardas 4 229 229 286 Galvanauskas, Ernestas 182 184 Galvydis-Bykauskas, Jonas 159 Garbačova, V. V. (В. В. Гарбачова) 34 44 47 49 51 54 60 65 67 69 70 73 78 79 81 86 89 Garbatyuk, Ivan 243 Goreckis, Antanas 39 Gorski, Józef 53 Górza, Bronisław 116 145 Grigaliūnas-Glovackis, Vincas 153 Grigonis-Užpalis, Leonas 280 Grinkov, assist. 172 Griška, Jurgis 220 Garczyński, Stefan 40 Griškaitė, Reda 4 Garibaldi, Giuseppe 131 Grochovskis,
I. 140 Garibaldi, Menotti 132 Gronostajski, Gerard 64 Gaškaitė-Žemaitienė, Nijolė 23 227 229 230 230 253 255 258 262 273 274 275 278 286 288 289 Grotkowski, Ferdinand 59 67 Gawryszewski, Andrzej 161 219 Gediminas, grand duke 112 Gedvilas-Remigijus, Robertas 12 251 Geištoras, Jokūbas (Jakób Gieysztor) 122 122 123 Gerber, Rafał 87 Grotkowski, Jakub 39 Grunskis, Eugenijus 230 230 289 Grunwald, Constantin de 18 Gruszewski, Juliusz 9 42 45 56 Grybinas-Faustas, Aleksandras 12 251 280 Grzegorzewski, postman 75 Gudaczewski, lead. 59
304 LITHUANIA'S WARS Gudaitis-Guzevičius, Aleksandras 260 Jelenskis, Antanas (Antoni Jelenski) 122 Guščinskienė, Jūratė 4 Jesman, Ignacy 66 Gužas-Kardas, Vytautas 12 251 280 Jokantas, Kazimieras 221 Jokimaitis, Rimantas 4 Handelsman, Marceli 153 153 219 Jokubauskas, Vytautas 249 289 Hauke-Bosak, Józef 139 Juozevičiūtė, Vilma 281 Henrys, Paul Prosper 185 Jurgėla, Kostas R. 98 145 Herbutowicz, command. 68 Herubowicz, Constantin 9 57 Kablukov, gen. lieut. 70 Herzen, Alexander 127 Kaczkowski, Józef 81 87 Hofen, lead. 70 Kalembka, Sławomir 79 87 Hordynsky, Joseph 18 Kalinauskas, Konstantinas (Konstanty Kali nowski) 70 121 122 122 123 133 133 Horodeński, command. 68 69 Hough, William J. H. 24 Kalinowski, Benedykt 42 Howen, command. 70 Kaniblotskiy, lieut. col. 68 Hrebnickis, Justinas 39 Kapralov, Piotr 261 Hubarewicz, command. 70 Karpovičius, Ferdinandas see Mikailovskaja Eleonora Humwait, Kazimierz 70 Hupchick, Dennis P. 22 Kašėta, Algis 229 255 258 262 268 273 274 275 276 286 289 Ilgūnas, Gediminas 98 145 Kasparas, Kęstutis 229-230 229 235 239 239 286 Ilinsky, col. 73 Iškauskas, Česlovas 239 289 Ivanov, command. 174 Kasparek, Norbert 74 78 87 Kasperavičius-Visvydas, Juozas 259 Kasprowiczówna, Wilhelmina 53 Kaszeta, Daniel J. 226 289 Jacevičius, Anupras 38 41 58 69 70 70 75 Jaeger, Marek 63 87 Jagèla, Jonas 281 Jagiellowicz, command. 67 Jakštas, J. 179 221 Jakubčionis, Algirdas 234 235 288 Jankauskas, V. 180 Jankauskienė, Edita 4 29 223-283 Janulaitis, Augustinas 56 59 80 87 109 114 117 117 145 Jarudis, command. 71 Jarzębowski, Józef 132 146 Jasinskis, A. 128 Jaworowski, J. 61
87 Jėkabsonas, Erikas 187 221 Katche, Maksimas 188 Kaunietis, Romas 4 12 Kazanas, Afanasas 240 Kelertienė, Violeta (Violeta Kelertas) 4 298 Khrapovitsky, Matvey 9 42 50-51 67 69 82 Kiaunis, Jurgis 163 Kiciński, Adam 153 Kiekernecki, col. 71 Kieniewicz, Feliks 48 54 Kieniewicz, Stefan 71 87 111 139 145 Kiliński, Jan 209 Kizwalter, Tomasz 83 88 Kleščinskis, Konstantinas 189 190 Klukowski, Ignacy 51 59 60 68 75 Knezys, Stasys 234 235 288
ίπ cf s x от Personal N з пі ss 305 Knorring, command. 72 Kobulov, Bogdan 260 Ladyga, Kazys 11 180 184 189 190 193 199-200 Kocój, Henryk 39 83 87 Langer, William Leonard 22 Kognovickis, Otonas (Otton Kognowicki) 133 140 Lanskoronskis, Juozas 195 Kohn, George Childs 22 219 Laurinaitis, Stasys 228 228 287 289 Kolčakas, Aleksandras 179 Lelewel, Joachim 40-41 Kolíska, Boleslovas (Bolesław Kolyszko) 10 122 123 128 128 141 Komzolova, Ana (А. А. Комзолова) 108 112 147 Koncevičius, Jonas 106 Koreva, Kletas (Anaklet Korewo) 122 Lapinski, Teofil (Teofil Łapiński) 124 129 Lemaistre, Jean Frédéric 83 Lenkevičius, Aleksandras (Aleksander Lenkiewicz) 123 Lesčius, Vytautas 152 152 172 174 185 187 196 210 219 Kosowski, offic. 47 Leskauskas, Ignotas (Ignacy Laskowski) 123 129 140 Kowalewska, Zolja 98 145 Leslie, R. F. 18 145 Kozakauskas, Stanislovas 128 129 Liatukas, Pranas 11 180-182 184 199-200 Kozela-Poklevskis, Jonas (Jan Koziełło-Poklewski) 121 Liesis-Naktis, Bronius 280 Koženiauskienė, Regina 4 Liesys-Idenas, Antanas 12 251 Liaugauda, command. 70 Krasicki, Kaspar 75 Lieven, A. 22 Kraskowski, Tadeusz 60 Lieven, Anatoly 160 Kręćki, August Roman 97 Lisieckis, Michał 59 61 67 Krikščiūnas-Rimvydas, Jurgis 252 Litvinov, col. 56 71 Kruopas, Jonas 39 88 Liuberskis-Žvainys, Kostas 272 Kryczyński, Leon 53 87 Liubinas, V. 197 Kryuckov, col. 72-73 Liutkevičius, E. 106 128 Kubilius, Adolfas 249 Lopacinskis, Ignotas (Ignacy Łopaciński) 122 Kubilius, Jurgis 158-159 Łosowski, Piotr 219-220 Kublicki brothers, command. 66 Łukomski, Grzegorz 153 153 154 190 220 Kučevskis, Edmunas (Edmund Kuczewski) ПО
Kulakauskas, Antanas 36 86 Lukoševičius, Vincentas (Wincenty Łukaszewicz) 123 Kulčickis, L. 110 Lukošiūnas, К. 128 Kuodytė, Dalia 226 229 236 239 249 252 255 258 262 268 273 274 275 286 288 289 290 Lukša, Juozas 277 Kurkauskas, Vladas 190 Lukša-Daumantas 13 228 238 260 266 278 286 287 Kurnatovskis, Marcijonas (Marcjan Kurnatows ki) 122 Lukša-Skirmantas, Juozas 252 Kuruta, Dmitry 80 Lukšėnas, Antanas 9 Lukša-Daumantas, Juozas 13 260 Lukštienė, Ramunė 4 Laar, M. (Μ. Лаар) 259 277 287 289 Labanauskas, Jonas 128 129 Lyub, Ivan 242
306 LITHUANIA’S WARS Mačionis, Vytautas 239 Moravskis, T. 740 Maciūnas, Vincas 102 145 Morozowa, Olga 105 146 Mackevičius, Antanas (Antoni Mackiewicz) 10 95 115 122 125 125 126 128 129 133 139 142 Mostowicz, landlord 57 Mackiewicz, Mieczysław 191 Maksimaitienė, Ona 94 94 96 98 117 117 120 121 122 128 128 131 134 134 135 144 145 Maleckis, Dominykas 128 129 Maleckis, Kasparas 128 129 Malinovsky, maj. 70 Maliszewski, Edward 96 146 Manteuffel, lead. 67 68 Maske, col. 72 Maslauskienė, Nijolė 230 230 236 290 Mastauskiené, Vaida 4 Mastianica, Olga 9 Matusevičius, Jurgis 51 68 71 73 105 144 Morycz, poruch. 72 Mowat, Robert Balmain 22 Muravyov, Mikhail 38 48 51 82 95 96 114-115 134 135 138 139 Nagys, Pranas 235 290 Nahaylo, Bohdan 226 287 Nakwaska, Anna 78 78 87 Nałęcz, Tömsz 83 88 Napoleonas I (Bonapartas), imper. 28 41 Napoleonas III, imper. 131 Narbutas, Liudvikas (Ludwik Narbutt) 10 73 115 122 122 129 140 Narbutas, Teodoras 122 Navickas, К. (К. Навицкас) 186 Matusevičius, Petras 105 144 Niessel, Henri Albert 11 152 152 179 182-184 182 184 217 220 Matusevičius, Pijus 105 144 Niezabitowski, Kalikst 54 Mažeika, J. 140 Nikolayenko, lead. 71 Medišauskienė, Zita 36 46 86 Noormets, Tiit 23 Merkys, Vytautas 98 145 Norman, D. 287 Mickevičius, lead. 67 Norvaiša, Antanas (Antoni Narwojsz) 122 Mickevičius-Kapsukas, Vincas 157 166 Novagrockienė, Jūratė 4 Mikhailovskaya, Eleonora 53 54 Nowak, Andrzej 88 Miknys, Rimantas 36 86 Milaševičius-Ruonis, Aleksandras 12 251 Miłosz, leader 67 69 Milovidov, Aleksandr (А. И. Миловидов) 95 114-115 114 117 117 132 134 134 135 135 147 Minckwitz, von 83
Minkevičius, Jonas 4 Mironov, Boris (Борис Миронов) 37 89 Mirski, lead. 73 74 Obučenkova, L. (Л. А. Обученкова) 57 59 67 89 Odachowski, Feliks and Ignacy 49 70 Oginski, Ireneusz 104 Oginskis, kunigaikšt. 64 67 Olšauskas, Benediktas 128 129 Oskerko, Anton 54 Oskerko, Emil 48 54 Mokrzecki, Adam 185 Oskierka, Aleksandras (Aleksander Oskierko) 122 Moliński, Jan 106 146 Osten-Sacken, Fabian 51 71 Moncevičius, maj. 67 68 Ostrovski, lead. 71 Monvill, gen. 191 Ostrowski, Władysław 41 Moore, David Ohioni 298
Index of Personal Names 307 Ovčinikova, S. (C. T. Овчиникова) 82 89 Pushkin, Alexander 82 Pusłowski, Tytus 48 54 73 140 Paczkowski, Andrzej 83 88 Puszet, Anton 46 55 68 71 Paderewski, Ignacy Jan 187 Puszynski, lead. 69 Page, Stanley W. 22 Putiata, lead. 70 Paliūnas-Rytas, Juozas 260 Palmer, Alan 22 Puzyrewski, Aleksandr 18 34 34 42 64 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 75 88 Panderewski, Foreign Affairs min. 217 Pyplys-Mažytis, Kazimieras 252 Pankin, maj. 269 Parczewski, Konstanty 53 58 59 69 Rabinavisius, Henricus 22 Pasierbskis, Ipolitas (Hipolit Pasierbski) 122 Radavičius, Juozas 128 129 Paszkowski, Stanislaws 54 Radziszewski, Stanisław 52 Paulavičius, manager 75 Radziuk, A. (A. P. Радзюк) 54 89 Pavliščev, Nikolai (Николай Павлищев) 114 147 Rainys, Juozas 187 220 Pavlovich, Constantine 37 Rakutis, Valdas 4 Petrauskas, peasant 67 Petrovas, К. (К. В. Петров) 134 147 Ramanauskas-Vanagas, Adolfas 12-13 228 238 251 260 280 288 Petrovsky, lead. 66 Raštikis, Stasys 152 152 207 207 220 Petrulevičius, vicar 72 Raszanowiczówna, Maria 9 53 Rakūnas, Algirdas 228 228 287 288 289 Petrulienė, Eugenija 4 Raun, Toivo U. 226 288 Phillips, Charles 18 22 146 219 Reboul, Constantin 165 191 Pietkiewicz, Michel 36 60 62 72 73 88 Reddaway, William Fiddian 18 146 Pius IX, pope 252 278 278 Rennenkampf, gen. 67-68 69 70 Pilsudski, Józef 165 190 191 200 217 Revunenkov, V. (В. Г. Ревуненков) 131 148 Piročkinas, Arnoldas 211 212 Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. 37 88 Pliateris, Leonas (Leon Plater) 129 Rimkevičius, Juozapas 66 70 Pliaterytė, Emilija 9 53 Rogalskis, Leonas 39 Pocius, Mindaugas 228 228 231 231 273 274 274
275 288 290 Rohland, gen. 72-73 74 Podbereski, Fortunat 67 Romer, Adem 191 Polak, Bogusław 190 220 Römeris, Mykolas 41 Romaszewska, Antonina 53 Prądzyński, Ignacy 40 Rosiak, S. 79 81 88 Prozor, Maurycy 9 56 58 58 61 61 68 68 71 72 Roßbach, Gerhard 182 Przeczyszewski, Antoni 42 67 Ruseckas, Petras 188 206 206 207 220 Przyłuski, August 71 Rusicki, manager 75 Pšezdzeckis, rebel 60 Rutkauskas, rebel lead. 140 Pugačiauskas, Virgilijus 4 28 31-90 36 42 86 88 Ružancovas, Aleksandras 57 71 79 80 86 88 98 146 175 209 209 221 Purenąs, Petras 42 68 71 73 88 Rydz-Smigły, Edward 12 200-201 Różański, F. 96 146
308 LITHUANIA'S WARS Šabdulskis, peasant 67 Šlageris, lead. 67 Sabonyté, Gema 4 Sleževičius, Mykolas 159 202 Šadžius, Henrikas 231 231 290 Sliesoriūnas, Feliksas 34 34 38 39 42 43 44 46 47 50 52 52 54 55 58 59 60 62 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 79 80 82 88 Safyanov, maj. 69 Samsonowicz, Henryk 83 88 Sarkees, Meredith Reid 3-4 3 17 22 23 33 84 88 93 99 102 107 133 139 146 151 219 220 225 238 275 277 282 288 296 299 Smakauskas, Vincentas 9 32 Sauka, doct. 74 Smetona, Antanas 182 Small, Melvin 17 20 24 295 296 296 300 Šaulys, Jurgis 165 Smirnov, А. (А. Ф. Смирнов) 98 114 148 Savoini, gen. 73 Špilueski, I. (I. T. Шпілўескі) 50 54 89 Saxe-Coburg, Ferdinand 80 Stachowski, landlord 69 Schiemann, Theodor 18 Stakhanov, Nikolai 243 Schirman, gen. 67-68 70 73 73 Stalin, Joseph 157 232 Schöler, Friedrich 39 Staliūnas, Darius 95 95 146 Schön, Heinrich Theodor von 83 Stanevičius, Jonas (Jan Staniewicz) 133 Šembergas, Henrikas 240 Staniewicz, Ezechiel 9 45 46 55 61 66 Šemeta, lead. 72 Stanišauskas, Mykolas 128 129 Šenavičienė, Ieva 4 10 28 91-148 96 102 108 111 126 142 145 146 Stanislovaitis, Romualdas (P. Станисловайтис) 228 288 Sevastyanov, col. 68 71 Stankevičienė, Eulialija 4 Shamovsky, maj. 69 Starkauskas, Juozas 12 230 230 231 233 242 244 245 246 247 267 270 273 274 275 288 290 Shevaldin, Trifon 245 Šibaila-Merainis, Juozas 280 Siemaszko, Józef 47 49 70 Sierakauskas-Dolenga, Zigmantas ( Zygmunt Sierakowski) 10 124 127-129 128 129 139 Stašaitis, Arūnas 226 290 Staszewski, Jacek 83 88 Steinberg, Mark D. 37 88 Stella-Sawicki, Jan 96 146 Sierakowska, Apolonia 96 98 146 Stelnicki,
Feliks 67 Sifman, R. (P. И. Сифман) 161 Steponaitis, Vytautas 61 66 70 86 109 145 152 153 177 221 Sikorska-Kulesza, Jolanta 96 146 Šilingas, Aleksandras (Aleksander Szyling) 122 129 Stolarskis, Rafał 153 153 220 Stone, David 18 Šimkevičius, Povilas (Paweł Szymkiewicz) 123 133 Strazdūnaitė, Rita 96 144 Šimkus, A. 196 221 Streikus, Arūnas 234 235 288 Simonavicius, K. 140 Strods, Heinrihs 23 259 288 290 Singer, J. David 17 20 24 295-296 296 300 Strolia, Julius 240 Sinkevičius, Vytautas 229 229 254 290 Subačius, Giedrius 105 144 Sirevičius, pulk. 74 Sucharzewski, nobleman 42 Skorupskie, Vladas 181 184 220 Sulima, gen. 68 69 69 Skrzynecki, Jan Zygmuntas 63 75 Sumskis, Stanislovas 39 Streikus, Antanas 240
Index of Personai Names 309 Surgailis, Gintautas 4 11-12 29 149-222 197 220 Surkont, lead. 42 46 66 71 Surkov, poruch. 66 68 Šutinienė, Loreta 9 Vaitiekūnas, Stasys 233 288 Vaitkevičius, Bronius 153 153 168 169 173 174 175 220 Valančius, Motiejus (Maciej Wołonczewski) 102 125 130 147 Światopełk-Mirski, Tomasz 55 Vareikis, Vygantas 4 Swoboda, Victor 226 287 Variakojis, Jonas 163 209 Szón, Karol 46 55 68 Vasiukov, lead. 172 Szretter, Jakub 54 70 Vavilov, commiss. 172 Szumski, Stanisław 41 86 Velykis, Mykolas 159 Szymanowski, col. 71 71 Vėlyvis, Petras 264 290 Szyndler, Bartłomiej 64 73 75 Veremejev, J. (Ю. Веремеев) 233 290 Veryha, Edmundas (Edmund Weryho) 121 Tarczyński, Marek 63 65 88 Verzilin, col. 67 67 69 69 Tatura, Adam 49 Vėtrinskis, lead. 73 Tautkevičius, lead. 58 Vetrov, Pavel 244 260 Tazbir, Janusz 54 83 88 132 147 Veverskis-Senis, Kazys 239 Terlecki, lead. 71 Vidinksy, capt. 71 Tikhomirov, Lev (Л. А. Тихомиров) 101 101 108 129 132 132 148 Vidugiris, J. 152 221 Tininis, Vytautas 237 277 288 290 Tkachenka, Ivan 260 Virgolich, Yevgeny 11 160 164 179-180 181 198 200 Tokarz, Wacław 34 34 37 39 43 46 51 60 61 62 63 64 65 67 68 69 73 78 88 Vitčiené, Ona 4 Tolstoy, Piotr 56 57 72 82 Vitkauskas, Vincas 188 Tomkiewicz, lead. 69 Vitkus, Aleksandras 164 165 179 180 185 212 220 Tornau, col. 69 Totoraitis, Jonas 68 75 Tracevskis, Rokas 226 288 Tyla, Antanas 11 Tyszkiewicz, Stanisław 68 Vidzga, lieut. 72 Vislouchas, Feliksas (Feliks Wysłouch) 122 133 Vitkus, Gediminas 4 17-30 274 275 290 291-300 Vitkus-Kazimieraitis, Juozas 252 259 Vivulskis, Povilas 128 129 Voldemaras,
Augustinas 158 Volickis, Antanas 106 Ulevičius, Bonifacas 229 255 258 262 273 274 275 286 Vorobyov, yesaul. 66 Urbanowicz, lead. 70 Vosylius, Eugenijus 4 Urbšys, Juozas 152 221 Voveris-Žaibas, Vaclovas 260 Urlanis, Borisas (Б. Ц. Урланис) 134 148 Vrublevskis, Valerijus (Walery Wróblewski) 133 Ustrialov, Nikolai (H. Г. Устрялов) 101 148 Vyšniauskas, Vyšniauskas 264 290 Vaičenonis, Jonas 230 230 256 257 288 290 Vžesnievskis, Edvinas 128 129 Vaičiūnas, Gintaras 240 287 290 Vaitelis-Briedis, Danielius 260
310 LITHUANIA'S WARS Wayman, Frank Whelon 3 3 17 22 23 33 84 88 93 99 102 107 133 139 146 151 219 220 225 238 275 277 282 296 299 Zgórniak, Marian 40 88 Wejtko, Władysław 167 Żilinskis, Jonas Stanislovas 60 Zielinski, Stanisław 10 95 95 98 117-118 120 121 128 128 135 139 139 147 Weygand, Maxime 185 Žilys, Povilas 195 221 White, James D. 22 Zimmerle, E. 171 Wielopolski, Alexander 144 Wilson, Woodrow 157 Ziółek, Jan 34 34 41 42 43 52 52 59 63 65 78 88 Wojtasik, Janusz 116 139 145-147 Zorgo, doct. 74 Wolff, landi. 57 Žotkevičiūtė, Agnietė 4 Wrzosek, Mieczysław 190 220 Zubkova, Elena 277 289 Wyczański, Andrzej 83 88 Zubov, Platon 80 Wysocki, Józef 132 Žukaitis, Stepas 152 176 221 Wyszczelski, Lech 153-154 153 154 191 210 220-221 Žukas, Konstantinas 12 188-190 190 192-193 193 199-200 220 Yakovlev, capt. 67 Žukauskas, peasant 67 Yefimov, Dmitry 261 277 Žukauskas, Silvestras 11 177 193-195 199 Yudenich, Nikolai 160 181 Zacharova, L. (Л. Г. Захарова) 114 147 Zahorski, Andrzej 71 87 Zaicev, V. (В. Μ. Зайцев) 57 59 67 89 95 117 147 Zaj ewski, Władysław 34 39 40 41 50 63 64 71 87-88 Zakrzewski, Bogdan 54 Zaleski, Bronisław 128 147 Žalimas, Dainius 24 229 229 235 289 Zaliwski, command. 64 72 Załuski, Karol 53 58 67 Zambžickis, Liudvikas 39 Žarskis, Bronislovas (Bronisław Żarski Żardski) 122 128 129 129 Zaviša, Ignotas 41 Zaviša, rebel lead. 67 Żeligowski, Lucjan 11-12 153 194-196 200-201 203 207 209-210 213 218 219 Žemaitis-Vytautas, Jonas 13 253 254 260 270 272 280 Žemaitis-Žaltys, Jonas 253 Žepkaitė, Regina 165 185 186 220 Zeschau, W. 201
Index of Geographical Names 311 Index of Geographica! Names Adakavas parish 58 vaivod. 35 46 55 71 Aukštadvaris 172 175 Africa 26 298 Ausieniškiai 185 Akmenė 173 272 Austria 33 93 99 102 131-132 143 297 Algeria 127 Algimantas distr. 13 268 Austria-Hungary 162 Aviliai 178 Ažagai 262 264 264 Alovė 187 Babcha 70 Alytus 50 159 167-168 172 196 201 Babruysk distr. 264 distr. 47 America 235 Baden Baden 252 South 235 Bagaslaviškis 187 Andrioniškis forest 128 Anykščiai 61 239 distr. 239 240 Ariogala 42 66 Aristavas manor 163 Ashmyany 47 52 53 57 60 67 75 80 distr. 59 68 Asia 26 298 Central 232 Ašmena 67 75 county 121 Augustów 185 187 191 192 193 canal 165 185 count. 95 govern. 95 95 120 134 134 135 Baisogala 72 181 253 Balbieriškis 45 74 Balninkai 177 187 Baltarusija 99 111 112 142 165 234 241 White Rus’ 99 99 Baltic 229 277 282 293 countries 20 23 24 151 152 159 165 179 182 213 217 225 226 232 233 234 235 258 259 275 276 277 282 284 293 294 297 299 region, Baltics 179 182 203 241 sea 106 124 128 Barkai 187 Barklainiai 177 Barysaw distr. 47 48 120 Bauska 181
312 LITHUANIA'S WARS Bebrene 208 Denmark 236 Belgium 39 82 Didžioji St. 174 Berlin 83 127 Draginiai 124 Berżniki 186 187 Dubičiai 10 122 140 Bessarabia 166 232 Dubingiai 194 Białowieża forest 47 49 54 64 70 Dubysa 42 72 123 Białystok 72 Dūkštas 178 distr. 54 109 Bielsk distr. 108 109 140 Biržai 57 127 129 139 159 177 180 250 Brest distr. 47 49 54 108 Brest-Litovsk 158 165 Brno 257 Bugas 40 Bukta 264 Bulgaria 131 Butrimonys 59 172 Caucasus 79 Červenka 208 Chernavchitsy 50 Cherykaw distr. 120 China 296 Cimkowiczy 50 Čiobiškis 185 Constantinople 132 Dusmenys 168 Dzisna 47 48 49 52 54 69 count. 120 Eimuliškis 262 264 Eišiškės 64 68 England 83 102 131-132 Estonia 20 151 157 160 216 217 232 259 277 282 294 Europe 26 35 36 37 38 93 98 101 102 105 131 132 142 216 225 234 235 238 Eastern 225 232 Western 225 268 Finland 21 161 232 France 37 39 41 78 83 102 127 131 132 160 165 191 197 296 298 Galicia 127 Gargždai 60 Gate of Dawn 174 Gdansk 79 Geležiai distr. 267 Czechoslovakia 232 Germany 21 25 155 158 160-163 165-166 168 169 171-172 179-180 182 184-185 197 200 202-204 209 211-212 215-217 233 234 236 238 252 252 283 Darbėnai 43 60 60 67 69 74 75 80 Giedraičiai 69 75 176 194-195 218 Daugai 59 168 171 Ginteniai 73 Daugava 178 203 212 Greece 131 297 Daugavpils 11-12 56 67 120 129 166 168-169 177 178 186 203 206 212 Griva 208 Courland 128 Czarna Hańcza 186 Green Bridge 174 Daugėliškis 68 Grochow 84 Daugirdas Grodno 47 50 72 81 98 110 120 159 164 167 172 185 191 196 202 211 estate 75 Daukšėnai 267 distr. 49 55 108 Degučiai 184 govern. 35 38 41 45 46 47 49 52 54 66
Geographical Names 313 78 79 81 84 94 102 103 105 106 106 108 109 110 110 113 116 116 117 118 119 122 123 130 133 136 137 138-139 140 141 161 voivod. ПО Kazlų Rūda 10 115 Kazytiškis 185 Hajnowszczyzna 61 Kėdainiai 68 159 163 167 169 171 173 201 Hungary 297 count. 163 Hvožna 70 Kelmė 42 201 Igumensky Kernavė distr. 47 folwark 70 Ilūkste 208 Kiauneliškis 262 Italy 131 Kielce 108 Jankūnai 72 Kieliai 68 Japan 232 Kietaviškės 64 75 Jelgava 160 172 179 182 Kiev 108 Jieznas 187 202 govern. 98 108 Jonava 75 167 171 195 201 Joniškėlis 159 174 182 Klaipėda 169 261 region 236 Joniškis 68 80 180 184 213 Juodupė distr. 263 Kobryn distr. 47-48 54 66 Jurbarkas 72 180 183 Königsberg (Kaliningrad) 83 Kačerginė 51 region. 234 Kaišiadorys 168 171-172 201-202 Kaliekiai 60-61 67 Kretinga 75 Kriukai 183 Kalkūni 12 206 Krzemieniec 78 Kalniškė 262 Kulautuva 42 Kalvarija 192 Kupiškis 174 178 202 267 distr. 35 46 55 59 95 95 Kalviai 68 manor 72 75 Kuršėnai 164 173 179 Kamajai 262 distr. 263 Kaniūkai 172 Kurtuvėnai 169 184 Kapliai 163 167 Latvia 20 151 157 162 164 168 172 173 178 179 198 202 203 208 212 216 217 219 232 234 243 259 282 294 Kardžiūnai 43 folwark. 73 Kaunas 43 125 152 175 176 195 196 voivod. 124 125 127 127 Kavarskas 167 177 46 50 51 57 159 161 166 182 183 185 201 202 213 62 71 71 98 117 167 171 172 173 187 188 190 191 214 218 239 distr. 9 56 58 61 65 110 120 govern. 94 95 103 104 108 109 110 113 116 117 118 119 120 120 121 122 123 125 125 127 128 130 133 134 134 136 137 138 139 140 140 141 Soviet 154 198 199 202 Leipalingis 43 Lentvaris 168 Lepiel distr. 45 49 Levaniškis 267 Liepāja
202 Liepkalnis 272
314 LITHUANIA’S WARS Lieplaukė 173 136 137 139 140 141 Linkaičiai 181 Moldova 132 Linkuva 180 Molėtai 62 62 73 74 177 Lipuvka 66 Moluvėnai 67 Lithuania passim Moscow 23 97 111 112 166-167 170 189 216 218 260 Grand Duchy of 19 33 35-36 38-39 46 46 48-49 55 78-80 84-85 94 99 101 106 106 143 161 Łomża 55 Mozyr distr. 47 48 54 66 Musninkai 194 Londonas 127 Naliboki forest 47 54 Lukiškės Sq. 127 133 Navahrudak 47 48 49 Lukšiai 55 Luokė 169 173 distr. 54 Nemakščiai 42 Lutsk 127 Nemenčinė 69 Luzhki 54 Nemunas,Neman 40 95 111 117 120 167 168 172 185 186 Lyck 185 Lyda 47 49 54 55 61 64 71 72 167 168 209 211 count. 121 122 122 Neringa, penins. 261 Neris 174 Nesvizh 50 Lygumai 183 Nevarėnai 173 Maišiagala 69 Nevel 73 Marijampolė 43 68 75 190 204 count. 35 46 55 95 95 New York 157 Novoaleksandrovsk see Zarasai Markutiškiai 167 Obeliai distr. 262 Masty 167 Oceania 26 Mažeikiai 169 173 Onuškis 168 Mazovia 121 Orenburg 127 Medeikiai 128 Ostrołęka 84 Menerai 272 Paberžė 125 Merkinė 50-51 167 172 186 243 Pabradė 73 Meškuičiai 43 73 183 Pagiriai 176 Mičiūnai 71 Pagoję 239 Minaičiai 13 253 Palanga 66 70 80 Minsk 47 50 67 79 98 Old 80 distr. 47 49 Palėvenė 110 govern. 35 38 41 45 46 47 48 49 52 54 66 69 78 79 81 81 84 94 103 104 108 110 116 117 118 119 120 121 123 130 133 136 137 139 140 141 Paliepiai 71 262 Mogilev 98 govern. 35 41 46 48 81 94 103 108 110 116 117 118 119 120 121 123 130 133 Palios 264 Panara 262 Pandėlys 71 distr. 263
Index of Geographical Names 315 Panemunė castle 70 Panemunėlis 262 Panemunis distr. 263 Paneriai 71 folwark 80 Panevėžys 46 60 62 62 65 69 72 122 159 167 169 174 177 264 count. 120 125 128 140 240 264 267 Paris 124 127 131 132 165 Paširvintis folwark 69 Pasvalys 174 183 Pašvitinys 183 Pavandenė 73 Pažvėris 124 124 Persija 37 Pėsčiai 68 Peteronys 172 Pieliai 71 Pikeliškės 43 68 Pinsk distr. 47-48 49 54 66 73 120 Plateliai 250 Plembergas 72 Podlachia 108 Podolia 41 govern. 98 Poland 13 17 19-22 25 33 37 39-42 45 78 81 83-85 93 94 96 99 101 102 102 103 105-108 105 106 111 112 113 114 117 121 123 124 127 131 132 139 142 143 151 153 154 160-165 172 185-193 196 199-200 203-205 207 210 212-213 215-219 232 234 Kingdom of 18 33 46 63 84 94 94 143 Kingdom of Poland vs. Polish Kingdom 18 33 94 Polish Kingdom 10 18-19 18 33-35 33 37 40 42 43 43 50-51 55 57 62-63 79 80 82 84-85 94-95 94 98-99 101-105 102 106 107-114 116-121 116 118 125 131-132 131 135 136 138-139 142-144 143 Polesia 63 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Poland-Lithuania 18 33-35 33 38 40 46 48 63 78 83-85 93-95 94 99 101-102 105-107 143-144 155 162 217 297 Polotsk 48 Portugal 296 298 Prastavoniai folwark. 69 Prienai 55 Pripyat 48 Prussia 33 44 50 55 74 78-79 83-84 93 99 127 143 155 East 171 184 201 232 235 242 Kingdom of 35 45 Pruzhany distr. 47 54 66 Pskovas 166 Pumpėnai 177 Punia 172 Puńsk 46 186 Pušalotas distr. 264 Pylimo St. 174 Radviliškis 13 152 164 169 171 173 180-184 253 281 Raguva 177 267 distr. 267 Rainiai 70 Ramygala 177 Rapperswil 10 95 121 Raseiniai 42 51 75 167 180 183 201-202 distr. 9 42 46 55 56-57 58 61
65 67 74 75 81 124 124 Ratnyčia 185 Rechitsky distr. 47 48 54 66 Riešė folwark 80 Rietavas estate 104 Riga 178 180-184 Rokiškis 166 distr. 263
316 LITHUANIA’S WARS Romania 132 Šėta 167 Rozalimas Šiauliai 4 42 60 71 72 73 74 74 122 159 164 167 169 171 173 174 180 181 182 183 184 201 distr. 264 Rūdiškės 11 194 Rudka 109 Rukoniai 167 Rus’ 10 13 98-102 99 105-107 106 109 111 116 118-121 132 139 142 143 Lithuanian 99 Russia 18 19 21 28 33-34 36-37 39-40 39 42 48 64 78-79 81-84 93 94 94 99 101 102 104 105-107 121 125 128 130-132 143 151 155 157-159 161-162 170 179 211 215 217 232 296 298-299 North-Western Krai of Russia 102 104 117 118 130 Russian Empire 10 17-20 18 33 33 35-36 46 83-85 92-95 94 98 99 101-104 118 143-144 157-158 161 179 233 distr. 9 10 46 57 65 68 92 120 124 164 239 249 263 econ. 56 59 80 Siberia 79 106 157 232 Siesikai 167 240 Šiluva 183 Simnas distr. 264 Šimonys 240 distr. 240 forest 12-13 244 268 Širvintos 10 11 150 176 194-195 218 Skapiškis distr. 262 South-Western Krai of Russia 102 Skaruliai 172 Soviet 20-22 151 154 160 162-163 165-167 171 178 189-190 199 203 205 210 212-213 215-216 Skobiškės Western 102 160 179 Slonim 185 Western Russian Krai 102 Rusų Buda 186 Rykantai 67 187 190 Salakas 178 Šateikiai forest 250 Šaukėnai 10 69 92 forest 263 Skuodas 68 distr. 47 48 49 54 Slutsky distr. 47 Smilgiai distr. 264 Smolensk 157 Sodų St. 174 Saxony 201 Sokolda 72 Seda 169 173 235 Soviet Estonia see Estonia Šeduva 68 174 181 Soviet Latvia see Latvia Seirijai 11 192 Soviet Rusia see Russia Sejny 11 175 187 191-192 194 211 Soviet Union, USSR 158 216 218 223 238 240-241 243 268-269 274-276 299 distr. 35 46 55 95 95 186 Semeliškės 185 Serbia 131 Seredžius parish 57 Šešuoliai 187 3 12 13 17 22-25 29 225 227 230
232-235 244 246 248 251 260 278-279 282-285 293 Spain 296 St Petersburg 39 104 122 124 127 128 Leningrad 241
ographical Na Petrograd 157 181 Stačiūnai 183 Stakliškės 171 Ugostė 72 Ukmergė 50 61 74 133 159 167 172 176 187 195 Studžiūnai 186 distr. 54 55 56 59 60 65 120 140 141 240 Subatu 208 provinc. 122 152 Suostas 183 Ukraine 41 98 142 171 241 Suvalkija 153 191 201 United Kingdom 235 296 298 Suviekas 178 United States of America, USA 3-4 24 151 197 235 Suwałki, Suwałki 172 188 191 192 193 211 218 distr. 59 186 187 Upytė 177 distr. 46 57 65 74 Svėdasai 262 Uruguay 235 Švenčionėliai 175 189 Ušpaliai 133 Švenčionys 66 166 239 distr. 65 80 108 121 Svente 208 Šventoji 67 Utena 43 67 80 166-167 178 187 202 Užnemunė 35 46 55 59 Užneris distr. 55 56 58 65 Svetliczanka 70 Užventis 74 Switzerland 95 121 235 Vabalninkas 174 Szczorsy Valga 157 Zestate 75 Valka 157 157 Tartokas 186 Valkininkai 213 Tauragė 70 159 182-184 Varėna 167 172 175 185 186 Telšiai 52 70 169 173 Varniai 70 73 consist. 102 Vatikanas 235 dioc. 102 Vawkavysk distr. 46 58 65 169 173 Teresboras manor 128 Tilžė, Tilsit 104 201 distr. 47 54 64 Veliuona parish 57 Viduklė 66 183 Tirkšliai 169 173 Vidžiai 60 166 Trakai Viekšniai 173 distr. 59 65 108-109 120 121 Troškūnai 239 distr. 240 Vienna 10 125 127 Vievis 11 75 164 165 168 184 188 189 Vileika, Vileyka 47 49 52 54 60 69 121 189 Tulcea 132 Vilimiškė 80 Turin 127 Vilkaviškis 201-202 Turkey 37 132 296 297 Vilkija 42 66 125 Turmantas 187 Vilnius 4 10 12 21 35-36 39 41-43 45-47 50-51 55 62 67 71 74 75 81-82 95 95 97-98 107 111 124 127 127 133 135 153 Tuva 232 Tytuvėnai 42 317
318 LITHUANIA’S WARS 155 158 159 165-168 170-171 174-175 184-186 190 193-196 211-213 216-218 236 240 256 260 272 Žemaitija 41 42 43 45-46 49 50 58 65 74-75 80 101 124 124 125-126 125 132 173 235 242 249 253 distr. 55 65 108 120 121 261 Žemaitkiemis 177 St. 174 Žėronys 71 govern. 35 38 41 45 48-49 52 56 66 78-79 81 84 94-95 102-104 108-110 113 116-123 120 128 128 130 133-134 134 136-137 139-141 161 Žiežmariai 202 milit, distr. 13 95-97 112-114 112 113 134 135 138 138 region 153 212 dioc. 130 gendarm. 97 Virtukai 262 Višakio Rūda 73 Vištytis 188 Vitebsk 39 48 49 157 govern. 35 41 45-46 48 49 70 81 94 98 103 108 110 112 113 117 118 119 120121 123 130 133 136 137 139 140 141 Vokiečių St. 174 Volhynia 41 47 48 81 127 govern. 108 Voronov 47 Vosgéliai 240 Warsaw 35 38 39 40 41 49 65 84 85 104 106 107 108 113 128 165 205 218 Duchy of 65 Wiżajny 186 Žadvainai 70 74 Žagarė 193 Zarasai 166 178 212 240 Zarasai (Novoaleksandrovsk) distr. 108-109 240 Žarėnai 169 Žasliai 11 67 168 175 194 Zelenaj a 110 Želva 177 187 Žemaičiai distr. 269 Zulovas 73 Žuvintas 264 |
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| geographic | Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Litauen |
| id | DE-604.BV047490695 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:15:22Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-07T13:15:30Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)3054436-1 |
| isbn | 9786094372506 9786094372759 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032891987 |
| oclc_num | 1319621587 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 318 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts, Karten 25 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20221007 |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateSearch | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Eugrimas |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Wars of Lithuania a systemic quantitative analysis of Lithuania's wars in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries The General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania ; edited by Gediminas Vitkus Vilnius Eugrimas 2014 318 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts, Karten 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1830-1953 gnd rswk-swf Kriegführung (DE-588)4073817-6 gnd rswk-swf Krieg (DE-588)4033114-3 gnd rswk-swf Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 gnd rswk-swf Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 g Krieg (DE-588)4033114-3 s Kriegführung (DE-588)4073817-6 s Geschichte 1830-1953 z DE-604 Vitkus, Gediminas 1962- (DE-588)1051713250 edt Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos Karo Akademija (Vilnius) (DE-588)3054436-1 isb Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032891987&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032891987&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032891987&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Ortsregister |
| spellingShingle | Wars of Lithuania a systemic quantitative analysis of Lithuania's wars in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries Kriegführung (DE-588)4073817-6 gnd Krieg (DE-588)4033114-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4073817-6 (DE-588)4033114-3 (DE-588)4074266-0 |
| title | Wars of Lithuania a systemic quantitative analysis of Lithuania's wars in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries |
| title_auth | Wars of Lithuania a systemic quantitative analysis of Lithuania's wars in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries |
| title_exact_search | Wars of Lithuania a systemic quantitative analysis of Lithuania's wars in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Wars of Lithuania a systemic quantitative analysis of Lithuania's wars in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries |
| title_full | Wars of Lithuania a systemic quantitative analysis of Lithuania's wars in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries The General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania ; edited by Gediminas Vitkus |
| title_fullStr | Wars of Lithuania a systemic quantitative analysis of Lithuania's wars in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries The General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania ; edited by Gediminas Vitkus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wars of Lithuania a systemic quantitative analysis of Lithuania's wars in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries The General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania ; edited by Gediminas Vitkus |
| title_short | Wars of Lithuania |
| title_sort | wars of lithuania a systemic quantitative analysis of lithuania s wars in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries |
| title_sub | a systemic quantitative analysis of Lithuania's wars in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries |
| topic | Kriegführung (DE-588)4073817-6 gnd Krieg (DE-588)4033114-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kriegführung Krieg Litauen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032891987&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032891987&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032891987&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vitkusgediminas warsoflithuaniaasystemicquantitativeanalysisoflithuaniaswarsinthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies AT generolojonozemaiciolietuvoskaroakademijavilnius warsoflithuaniaasystemicquantitativeanalysisoflithuaniaswarsinthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies |