Transhumanizmi: përtej njeriut: a mund ta shkruajmë librin e jetës
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Tiranë
Shtëpia Botuese Mediaprint
2021
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| Physical Description: | 269 Seiten Porträts 24 cm |
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Pasqyra e lëndës Parathënie nga Prof. Fatos Tarifa, PhD 9 P J E S A E PARE Rryma transhumaniste · 13 Kreu I pare Në vend të parathënies · 15 - Njeriu - “inxhinier” і evolúciónk të vet Njeriu dhe teknologia, një simbiozē e suksesshme Projekti transhumanist: nga njeriu і sotëm ձէշ)է pasnjeriut E nesërmja e njeriut në këndvështrimin transhumanist Pasnjeriu në projektin transhumanist A duhet patur frikë nga e ardhmja? Pse e ndërmora këtë botim? Kreu 15 16 17 19 20 22 25 i dytë Rrënjët historike të transhumanizmit · 37 - Endrra jonë mitike për ťi shpëtuar takimit me vdekjen ■ Nga “Epi і Gilgameshit” e deri te miti i Prometeut ■ Qeniet mitike që krijojnë heronj mbinjerëzorë - Rrënjët e transhumanizmit te humanizmi dhe filozofia e Rilindjes Europiane - Rrënjët moderne të transhumanimit në gjysmën e pare të shekullit XX 3 28 29 30 31 33
Ethem Ruka - Lulëzimi і pikëpamjeve transhumaniste në gjysmën e dytë të shekullit XX 35 ■ Fantashkenca qëpopullarizoi idenë e ndryshimit të njeriut ■ Teknologjitë e reja, lënda epare efilozofisë transhumaniste - Profetët e tramshumanizimit 35 37 37 - Miti і progresii vazhdon edhe në ditët tona 39 KrEU I TRETË Organizing transhumanist në botě · 41 ֊ Themelimi і Shoqatës Botërore të Transhumanizmit në vitin 1998 - Deklarata e transhumanizmit ֊ Popullarizimi і transhumanizmit - Rrymat e ndryshme transhumaniste ֊ Transhumanismi і moderuar dhe airadikal ֊ Institucionet e sotme kërkimore e teknologjike që ushqejnë transhumanzimin - Disa nga figurat më të spikatura të transhumanzimit të sotëm 41 42 46 48 51 52 53 PjESA E DYTË Nga vimë e ku shkojmë · 57 KreU I KAT Ë RT Simbioza historike njeri-teknologji · 59 ֊ - Evolucioni і teknologjisë Histori e shkurtër e një historie të gjatë Nga veglave primitive të gurít deri te ato të bronzit Njeriu prodhoi vegla e vazhdimisht і përmirësoi ato Koha e “çipeve”inteligjente Simbioza mes njeriut dhe teknologjisë Bashkevolucioni biologjik e kulturor і njeriut Njeriu përmirëson teknologjinë, ndërsa teknologjia përmirëson njeriun 4 60 61 63 64 66 70 71 73
Transhumanizmi - Përtej njeriut - A mund ta shkruajmë librin e jetës KrEU I PESTE NBIC: Katër teknologjitë që po tronditin botën · 77 - Teknologjitë e reja në zhvillim e sipër (emerging technology) - Raporti amerikan Roco бс Bainbridge: Konvergimi i teknologjive pér perm iresim in e performances humane” - Nanoteknologjia (N) - Bioteknologjia (B) - Teknologjitë e informacionit (I) - Shkencat konjitive (C) 77 78 81 86 90 92 KREU I GJASHTË Njeriu në rrugëtimin e vet biologjik · 97 - Nga evolucioni parabiologjik në atë biologjik Linja humane e evolúciónk ADN-ja e ka filluar të tregojë historinë evolutive të njeriut Letra e filozofií britanik Max More drejtuar “nënës natyrë” Evolucioni і njeriut në këndvështrimin e transhumanizmit . . PJ E S A 97 100 103 104 108 E TRETE Nga riparimi te përmirësimi і njeriut · 111 KrEU I S H TAT Ë Në fiilim "riparimi" і njeriut · ИЗ - Riparimi i gjeneve Gjenomika e personalizuar Terapia gjenike Mjekësia rigjeneruese Bioteknologjia e qelizave burimore Inxhinieria indore Protezat dhe organet artificiale Inxhinieria e trurit Rikthimi i dëgjimit shurdhëve dhe shikimit të të verbërve 5 114 117 118 119 120 121 123 125 128
Ethem Ruka Kreu i tetě Përmirësimi i kapaciteteve të trurit · 129 - Përmirësimi gj enetik i trurit 130 Neuropërmirësuesit - “viagrat” e reja të trurit 133 Përmirësimi i humorit 135 Nxitja magnetike transkraniale e trurit 136 Hibridizimi і inteligjencë biologjike me atë artificiale 137 A do mundemi një ditë të lexojmë mendimin 140 Startup-і і Neuralink-ut të Elon Musk-ut për komunikimin e trurit me kompjuterin 143 - Truri, modeli ku duhet të mbështeten pajisjet digjitale inteligjente 144 Kreu i nëntë Përmirësimi і kapaciteteve fizike të njeriut · 147 - Hyije - Kapacitetet fizike të njeriut - Historia e dopingut - Shkaqet që і shtyjnë sportistei drejt dopingut - Drogat kryesore të dopingut - Dopingu gjenik - Kodi Botëror Anti-drogë - A është me të vërtetë sporti і ndershëm? ֊ A duhet lejuar dopingu? - E nesërmja e kapaciteteve fizike të njeriut - Teknika të tjera të për përmirësimin e kapaciteteve fizike të njeriut Kreu 147 148 149 151 153 154 156 157 158 160 161 i dhjetëj Përmirësimi gjenetik і bebeve · 163 - Njeriu dje dhe sot për imazhin e vet trupor - Rreth dyzetë vjet që nga lindja e bebes së pare “epruvete”: Louis Brown - Kriobankat për ruajtjen e spermatozoideve e vezëve për dhurim - Bebet me ADN-në e tre prindërve 6 164 167 169 170
TrANSHUMANIZMI - PëRTEJ NJERIUT - A MUND TA SHKRUAJMË LIBRIN E JETËS ֊ - Drejt spermatozoideve dhe vezëve artificiale Përzgjedhja e embrioneve pa çrregullime gjenetike Përzgjedhja e gjinisë së bebes Zgjedhja e ngjyrës së syve Përzgjedhja artificiale e kafshëve dhe bimëve me diesi të reja Drejt dizenjimit gjenetik të bebeve “me porosi” Vija e kuqe mes riparimit dhe përmirësimit genetik të njeriut 171 172 173 174 175 176 178 P J E S A E K AT Ë RT Dilema mes vdekjes dhe përjetësisë · 181 KrEU I NJËMBËDHJETË Vdekja: Malikim apo ¡novación biologjik? · 183 - Lindja dhe vdekja, kufijtë ku shtrihet jeta jonë - Miti dhe realiteti për vdekjen dhe pavdekësinë ֊ Fabula e dragoit tiran sipas Nick Bostromit - Jeta dhe vdekja: dy anët e të njëjtës medalje ■ Qelizat lindin, piqen, piaken dhe vdesin vazhdìmisht. ■ Çdo qelizë mund të vetëvritet në çdo çast tëjetés. ■ Plakja - çmimi qëpaguajmëpër një riprodhim të suhesshëm. ■ Pse duhet të vdesim ? 183 184 186 190 190 192 194 196 KREU I DYMBËDHJETË Kufijtë ku shtrihet jeta · 198 ֊ Jetëgjatësia para dhe pas revolucionit industrial - Kampionët e jetëgjatësisë që kanë refiizuar moshën - Supernjëqindvjeçarët - shembulli që nga pikëpamja biologjike mund të jetohet më gjatë ֊ Plakja e parakohshme ֊ Si lexohet ADN-ja jonë? - Mosha kronologjike dhe ajo biologjike e njeriut - Biomarkuesit e moshës - Për mitologjinë, fati і jetëgjatësisë është і përcaktuar - Gjenetika e moshës në organizmai jovertebrore dhe vertebrare - Hapat e pare në gjenetikën e moshës te njeriu - Studimet gjenetike të 100-vjeçarët 7 198 199 201 202 203 205 206 211 212 213 214
Ethem Ruka Kreu I trembëdhjetë Sfida e shekullit tonē: rritja e jetgjatësisë · 215 ֊ Projekti transhumanist për zgjatjen e jetës 215 - Biokonservatorët kundër projektit transhumanist 217 - Jeta mund të zgjatet 219 - Anija “e përjetshme” e Theseusit 219 - Koha e tabletave antimoshë po afrohet 221 - Senolitikët, medikamentet që do të pastrojnë organizmin nga qelizat e plakura 224 - “Makina biologjike” ka aftësi ripërtëritëse 225 ֊ Transazioni i gjakut të të rinjve për ngadalësimin e plakjes 226 - Klonimi riprodhues dhe terapeutik 227 - Nanoteknologjia në shërbim të mjekësisë 228 ֊ Mitra artificiale që do t’iu japë jetë bebeve që lindin para kohe 229 - Krionika - teknika e ndalimit të përkohshëm të jetës me anë të ngrirjes së thellë. 230 - Pirateria e vetvetes (body hacking) 232 - Cyborgët 233 - “Ringjallja” virtuale e njeriut 234 Kreu i katërmbëdhjetë Transhumanizmi dhe besimi feta г · 238 - Çfarë është shkenca dhe çfarë është feja - Raportēt mes shkencës dhe fesë - Raporti konfliktual dhe і papajtueshmërisë mes shkencës dhe fesë - Pavarësia dhe dialogu mes shkencës dhe fesë - Profetët e rinj të besimit, shkenca dhe teknologjia 240 242 Bibliografia 257 (Referencat në tekstjanë vendosur sipas botimeve dhe autoreve) 8 244 250 252
Bibliografia Kreu 2: Rrënjët historike të transhumanizmit 1 A short version of The Epic of Gilgamesh. Available from: http://plcdn4static.sharpschool.com/UserFiles/Servers/ Server_20337961/File/A-short-version-of~The-Epic-of-Gilgamesh. Pdf 2 Bostrom N. A. History of transhumanist thought, Journal of evolution and tecnologi V14 (1), avril 2005 Available from: https:// jetpress. org/volumel 4/bostrom. html 3 Fuqia e Mujit Available from: https://www.shqiperia. com/Fuqia-eMujit.3812/ 4 Gjurmët e Mujit në Drenicë-Zëri. Available from: https://zeri. info/ kultura/13499/gįurmet-e-mujes-dhe-halilit-ne-drenice/ 5 Haldan J.B.S, Daedalus, or, Science and the Future. Available from: htpps:// www.marxist.org/arechive/haldane/ works/1920s/deadalius.htm] 6 Huxley J, (2015) Transhumanisme,Ethics in Progress. Voi. 6 (2015). No. 1:12-16 7 Julian Huxley J. (1957) New Bottles for New Wine (London: Chatto ôcWindus: 17 8 More food for thouhgh. Available from: htpp:/webhost.bridgew. edu./jhayesboh/Morefood.htm 9 More M. (1998) “Principles of Extropy The Extropian Principles, Version 3.0 A Transhumanist Declaration. Available from: https:// mrob. com/pub/religion/extro_prin.html 10 Rioux G., Thill E. (1980) Déterminants psychologiques de la performance, Librairie Philosophique, Paris: 22 11 Ruka E. (1999) Klonimi dilema mes vdekjes dhe perjetësisë, Shtëpia Botuese Toena 257
Ethem Ruka Kreu 3: Organizing transhumanist në botě 1 Alexander L. (2011) La mort de la mort, Edition Jean-Claude Lattes: 46. 2 Haridy R. (Feb22.2017) Zoltan Istvan on transhumanism, politics and why the human body has to go. New Adas Available from: https:// newatlas.com/zoltan-istvan-interview-transhumanism--politics/48041/ 3 More M, Vita-More N. (2012) Classical and Contemporary Essays on the Science,Technology, and Philosophy of the Human Future: The Transhumaniste Reader, Edidet by Max More, Wiley Blackwell 4 Pellissier H. (Dec 13,2015) 19 Transhumanism : There are at least ten different philosophyial categories ; which ones are you ? Institut for Ethics and Emerging Technologies. Available from : https:// ieet.org/index.php/IEET2/more/pellissier20151213 5 Transhumanisme: qui sont les néoprophètes? “Lexpress 05/04/2016, Available from: https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/sciences/ transhumanisme-qui-sont-les-neoprophetes_1779584.html 6 Transhumanist FAQ¿ Availabel from: https://humanityplus.org/ philosophy/transhumanist-faq/ 7 Mark O’Coneill, 600 Miles in a Coffin-Shaped Bus, Campaigning Against Death Itself, The New York Times Magazine, feb 9 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/09/magazine/600-miles-in-acoffm -shaped-bus-campaign ing-against-death-itself.html Kreu 4: Simbioza historike njeri-teknologji 1 Ambrose, S. H. (2001). Paleolithic Technology and Human Evolution. Science, 291(5509): 1748-1753 2 Boyd R, Richerson PJ. (1995) Why does culture increase human adaptability? Ethology and Sociobiology 16:125-143 3 Coles, J. (1972) Olduvai Gorge, 3. Excavations in Beds
I and II, 1960-1963. By M. D. Leakey. 306 pages, 121 figures, 41 plates. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1971. Proceedings ofthe Prehistoric Society, 38:418—419 4 Comparison ofbiological and cultural evolution https://atlasofscience, org/comparison-of-biological-and-cultural-evolution/ 5 Faircluugh S. (2015) A closed Look Perspective on Symbiotic Human-Compiuter Interaction in., Symbiotic interaction, 4th 258
Bibliografia International Workshop symbiotic Berlin 2015, Germany, 2015, Proceedings, Benjamin Blankertz, Gulio Jacucci, Luciano Gamberini, Ana Spagnolb, Jonathan Freeman Ed. Springer. 57-68 6 Garreau J. (2004) Radical evolution, The Promise and the Peril of enhancing our Minds, Our Bodies - and What it Means to be Human, (New York: Dubleday: 59 7 Harari J. N. (2055) Homo Deus: Une breve histoire de ľavenire, Ed Albin Michel: 89 8 Is ‘Biochipping A Good Idea? Available from: https://fortune. com/ longform/biochipping-biohax-microchip/ 9 Kaku M, Une breve histoire du firture: Comment la science va changer le monde, Fiamarion, 2011,13 10 Kurzweill R. (1999) The Age of Spiritual Machines, Penguin Group: 23 11 Lewis, S. L., Masiin, M. A. (2015). Defining the Anthropocene. Nature, 519(7542): 171-180 12 Merriam-Webster thesaurus. Available from: https.V/www.merriam webster.om/dictionary/ cultural°/o20anthropology 13 Page, G (1999) Inside the Animal Mind. New York: Doubleday 1999,95-123 14 Semaw, S., Rogers, M. J., Quade, J., Renne, P. R., Butler, R. E, Dominguez-Rodrigo,M., Simpson, S. W. (2003) 2.6-Million-yearold stone tools and associated bones from OGS-6 and OGS-7, Gona, Afar, Ethiopia. Journal ofHuman Evolution, 45(2):169-177 15 Taylor T. (2010) The Artificial Ape: How Technology Changed the Course of Human Evolution, St, Ma rtin’s Press: 23 Kreu 5: NBIC: Kater teknologjitë që po tronditin boten 1 Сһатак В, (2011) Dynamique d’un mouvement scientifique intellectuel aux countours flous: les sciences cognitives (EtatesUnis, France), Revue d’histoire des sciences humaines·.
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Ethem Ruka Controlled by a chemically synthetized genome, Science, Voi 329, Issues 5987:52-56 5 Drachmán DA, “Do we have brain to spare?”. Neurology. 64 (12), 2004-5. 6 Drexler, K. Eric (1986). Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-19973-5 7 Feynman, Richard P, there’s Plendy ofroom in the fond, Presentation to American Physical Society, 1959, Archived from original on February 11,2010: http://wwwzyvex.com/nanotech/feynman. html 8 Gaudillière Jean-Paul G., (2000) Le vivant à ľheure de la génomique, in La Recherche, n°329:54-58 9 Histoire de nantechnologie, Available from: http://tout-sur-lananotechnologie.e-monsite.com/pages/l-histoire-de-la-nanotechnologie. html 10 Murty B.S., P Shankar P, Baldev Raj B., B B Rath B.B., James Murday J. (2013) Textbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Springer: 6 11 Roco, Mihail C. And Bainbridge, William Sims eds. (2004), Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance, Springer: X 12 Roco, Mihail C. And Bainbridge, William Sims eds. (2004), ConvergingTechnologies for Improving 13 Human Performance, Springer: 3 14 Roco, Mihail C. And Bainbridge, William Sims eds. (2004), Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance, Springer: 49 15 Roco, Mihail C. And Bainbridge, William Sims eds. (2004), Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance, Springer: 259 16 Solomon A, (2018) The Emergence of Nanotechnology and its Applications, Research Journal ofNanoscience and Engineering Volume 2, Issue 3: 8-12 17 Veritas’ Price Drop To $599: Available from: https://www.gnxp.
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Bibliografia Kreu 6: Njenu në rrugëtimin e vet biologjik 1 Bandelt H-J, Richards М бс Macaulay V (eds) (2006) Human Mitochondrial DNA and the Evolution of Homo Sapiens (Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology), Springer: 3-15 2 Boltanski K. (2002) Kevin Warwick, ľ Homo Machinus, Liberation, Available from: https://www.liberation.fr/week-end/2002/05/ll/ kevin-warwick-I-homo-machinus_403267 3 Holland H.D (1984) The Chemical Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-08348-7 0-691-02381-6:120-122 4 Lewin R (2004) Human Evolution: An Illustrated Introduction, Fith edition, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing: 31-33 5 Lucas R. (2006) “Is increased energy utilization linked to greater cultural complexity? Energy utilization by Australian Aboriginals and traditional swidden agriculturalists.” Environmental Sciences 3, 3:207-20 6 Lynch G and Granger R, Big Brain (2008) Paigrave Macmillan: 2 7 More s Strategic phylosophy. A letter to Mother Nature: Amendments to the Human Constitution may 25 2009. Available from: http:// strategicphilosophy.blogspot.com/2009/05/its-about-ten-years-sincei-wrote.html 8 The Olympic Symbols; Available from: http://www.wahyan.edu. hh/LFH/Olympic_symbols.pdf 9 Transhumanist Wild; M.More Available from: http//transhumanism. fandom. com/wiki/Max_More Kreu 7: Në fiilim "riparimi" i njeriut 1 Bishanan, A. E (2011) Beyond Humanity? The Ethics of Biomedical enhancement, Oxford University Press: 15 2 Cyranosky D. (2016) CRISPR gene editing tested in a person for the firs tíme. Nature, 539,479 3 Human enhancement Available from:
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Eng Ethics 311-341 2 Brendan Maher (2008) Poll results: look who’s doping, Nature, 452:674-675 3 Chakrabarti Sh, Sandberg HM, BrumbergJS, Krusiensk DJ. (2015) Progress in speech decoding from the electrocorticogram, Biomed Eng Lett Yo\S Issues 1:10-21 4 Craig,!, бс Plomin, R. (2006) Quantitative trait lod for IQ_and other complex traits: Single-nudeotide polymorphism genotyping using pooled DNA and microarrays. Genes Brain and Behavior, 5:32-37 262
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Bibliografia More, eds., (2013) The Transhumanist Reader, Willey-Blackëill: 39-40 6 More than 8 million babies bom from IVF since the world’s first in 1978: https://www.sdencedaily.com/releases/2018/07/180703084127.htm 7 Myller Th. (2013) Changing the Body Through the Centuries, Bert-Jaap Koops Christoph H. Liithy Annemiek Nelis, Carla Sieburgh J. P. M. Jansen, Monika S. Schmid In: Engiering the human, Springer: 30-31 8 Takahashi, К., Yamanaka, S. (2006). Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors. Cell, 126(4), 663- 676. Kreu 11: Vdekja: Malikim apo ¡novación blologjlk? 1 Alexander L. (2011) La mort de la mort, Edition Jean-Claude Lattes: 21 2 Bianconi E., et al. (2013) An estimation of the number of cells in the human body,Ann Hum Biol. 40 (6): 463-71 3 Bostrom N. (2005) The Fable of the Dragon-Tyrant, Journal of Medical Ethics, Voi. 31, No. 5:273-277 4 Hayflick L. (1965). “The limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains”. Experimental Cell Research. 37 (3): 614—636. 5 Johnson FB, Sinclair DA, Guarente L. (1999) Molecular biology of aging. Cell 1999 ; V 96 Issue 2:291-302 6 Klarsfeld A., Revah F. (2000) Biologi de la mort, Edition Odile Jacob: 89 7 Klarsfeld A., Revah F. (2009) Biologi de la mort, Edition Odile Jacob: 89 8 Read J.C. (2000) Mechanisms of Apoptosis, The American Journal ofPathology, V 157:1415-1430 9 Schultz M. B., and Sinclair D. A., (2016) Why NAD+ Declines during Aging: It’s Destroyed, Cell Metabolism 23: 965-966 10 Science direct, www.sciencedirect.com. retrieved 2019-03-19 11
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Ethem Ruka Kreu IE: Kufijtë ku shtrihet jeta 1 Albani, D., Aterí, E., Mazzuco, S., Ghilardi, A., Rodilossi, S., Biella, G., Ongare, E, Antuono, R, Boldrini, R, Di Giorgi, E., et al. (2014). Modulation of human longevity by SIRT3 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the prospective study “Treviso Longeva (TRELONG)”. Age (Dordr.) 36,469-478 2 Albani, D., Ateri, E., Mazzuco, S., Ghilardi, A., Rodilossi, S., Biella, G., Ongare, F., Antuono, R, Boldrini, R, Di Giorgi, E., et ai. (2014). Modulation of human longevity by SIRT3 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the prospective study “Treviso Longeva (TRELONG)”. Age (Dordr.) 36,469-478 3 Albania life expectancy at birth https://countryeconomy.com/ demography/life-expectancy/albania 4 Alejandro Lagunas-Rangel, Е, Sc María Bermúdez-Cruz, R. (2019). The Role of DNA Repair in Cellular Aging Process. DNA Repair-An Update. 1-14 5 Carey J.R. (2003) Life Span: A Conceptual Overview From: Carey, James R. and ShripadTuljapurkar (eds.). Life Span: Evolutionary, Ecological, and Demographic Perspectives, Supplement to Population and Development Review, voi. 29, 2003. New York: Population Council. https://pdfs.semanticscholar. org/4bç/377b06e99436da551fa2c6b66fc480261974.pdf 6 David A. Sinclair D. A with D. LaPlante M. D, (2009) Lifespan Atria books: 36 7 Stoluarov G. (2013) Death is Wrong, Rational Argumentator Press: 168 Transcriptome fact Sheet, Available from: https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/TranscriptomeFact-Sheet 9 Vous dite supercentenaire? Figaro 8 février 2019: https://vmmlefigaro. fr/actUalite-
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Bibliografia Kreu 13: Sfida e shekullit tonë: rritja e jetgjatësisë 1 Barzilai N., Crandall J., Kritchevsky S. B., and Espeland M. A. (2018) Metformin as a Tool to Target Aging, Cell metab. 14; 23(6) 1060-1065 2 Best, B. P. (2008). Scientific Justification of Cryonics Practice. Rejuvenation Research, 11(2), 493-503. 3 Blagosklonny M. V, (2017) From rapalogs to anti-aging formula, Oncotarget, 8(22): 35492-35507 4 Clynes M. E and S. Kline N.S. (1960) Cyborgs and spacշ,Astronautics·. 26-27,74-75 5 Daoust J.F. (2017) Démocratisation de l’information: effets différenciés des médias traditionnels et des nouveaux médias, Vol 36(1): 3-152 6 De Grey. A with Rae M. (2007) Ending Aging: The Rejuvenation Breakthrough That Could Reverse Human Aging in Our Lifetime, St Martins Press: 139 7 Edwards, J. (1999). Why dolly matters: Kinship, culture and cloning. Ethnos, 64(3-4), 301-324 8 Fontana L., Longo V.D., Seals D. and Melov S. (2014) Medical research: Treat aging, Nature, 511: 405-407 9 Fontana, L., Partridge, L., Longo, V. D. (2010). Extending Healthy Life Span-From Yeast to Humans. Science, 328(5976), 321-326 10 Guarente L, Kenyon C. (2000) Genetic pathways that regulate ageing in model organisms. Nature 408:255-262 11 Harari Y. N. (2017) Homo Deus- Une breve histoire de ľhumanite, Albin Mishel: 32 12 Kirkland J. L. andTchkoniaT. (2015) Clinical strategies and animal models for developing senolytic agents, Exp Gerontol 68:19-25 13 Leger D. L. (2015) New Facebook policy allows social media immortality, Available from: https://www. usatoday. com/story/ tech/2015/02/12/facebook-policy-
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Ethem Ruka 15 More M. and Vita-Moore N. (2013) “The Transhumanist Reader.” John Wiley бсЅоп, Inc: 190 16 Mores Strategic phylosophy. A letter to Mother Nature: Amendments to the Human Constitution may 25 2009. Available from: http:// strategicphilosophy.blogspot.com/2009/05/its-about-ten-years-sincei-wrote.html 17 Parabiosis-The next Snakeoil, Available from: https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/parabiosis-the-next-snakeoil/ 18 Ranganathan R., etai. (2012) Nanomedicine: towards development ofpatient-friendly drug-delivery systems for oncological applications, IntJ nanomedicine ѴЫ.7:1043-1060 19 Sciences. Vieillir, ça se soigne? https://wwwcourrierintemational. com/article/sciences-vieillir-ca-se-soigne Kreu 14: Kranshumanizmi dhe besimi fetar 1 A. E Grant, A. F.C. Sturgill, C.H Chen and D.A Stout, Religion online: How the Technology is Changing the Way We Worship and Pray, 2019 Preager: 3-4] 2 Abbé G. Lemaître A. S. Eddington (1931),The Expanding Universe, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 91, Issue 5:490-501 3 Alexander L. (2011) La mort delà mort: Comment la technomedicine va bouleverser ľhumanite, éditions Jean-Claude Lattes: 101-105 4 Ayala F. (2001), Parallel evolution in Faith in Science, Edited by W. Mark Wilson and Gordy Slack: 9 5 Barbour I. G. (1966) Religion and Science and Religion, Harper San Francisco: 2-12]. 6 Convention de sauvegarde des Droits de l’Homme et des Libertés fondamentales telle qu’amendée par les Protocoles n° 11 et n° 14 Rome, 4.XI.1950 7 Coyne, J. (2015). Faith versus Fact: Why Science are Incompatible. New York: Penguin
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Pasqyra e lëndës Parathënie nga Prof. Fatos Tarifa, PhD 9 P J E S A E PARE Rryma transhumaniste · 13 Kreu I pare Në vend të parathënies · 15 - Njeriu - “inxhinier” і evolúciónk të vet Njeriu dhe teknologia, një simbiozē e suksesshme Projekti transhumanist: nga njeriu і sotëm ձէշ)է pasnjeriut E nesërmja e njeriut në këndvështrimin transhumanist Pasnjeriu në projektin transhumanist A duhet patur frikë nga e ardhmja? Pse e ndërmora këtë botim? Kreu 15 16 17 19 20 22 25 i dytë Rrënjët historike të transhumanizmit · 37 - Endrra jonë mitike për ťi shpëtuar takimit me vdekjen ■ Nga “Epi і Gilgameshit” e deri te miti i Prometeut ■ Qeniet mitike që krijojnë heronj mbinjerëzorë - Rrënjët e transhumanizmit te humanizmi dhe filozofia e Rilindjes Europiane - Rrënjët moderne të transhumanimit në gjysmën e pare të shekullit XX 3 28 29 30 31 33
Ethem Ruka - Lulëzimi і pikëpamjeve transhumaniste në gjysmën e dytë të shekullit XX 35 ■ Fantashkenca qëpopullarizoi idenë e ndryshimit të njeriut ■ Teknologjitë e reja, lënda epare efilozofisë transhumaniste - Profetët e tramshumanizimit 35 37 37 - Miti і progresii vazhdon edhe në ditët tona 39 KrEU I TRETË Organizing transhumanist në botě · 41 ֊ Themelimi і Shoqatës Botërore të Transhumanizmit në vitin 1998 - Deklarata e transhumanizmit ֊ Popullarizimi і transhumanizmit - Rrymat e ndryshme transhumaniste ֊ Transhumanismi і moderuar dhe airadikal ֊ Institucionet e sotme kërkimore e teknologjike që ushqejnë transhumanzimin - Disa nga figurat më të spikatura të transhumanzimit të sotëm 41 42 46 48 51 52 53 PjESA E DYTË Nga vimë e ku shkojmë · 57 KreU I KAT Ë RT Simbioza historike njeri-teknologji · 59 ֊ - Evolucioni і teknologjisë Histori e shkurtër e një historie të gjatë Nga veglave primitive të gurít deri te ato të bronzit Njeriu prodhoi vegla e vazhdimisht і përmirësoi ato Koha e “çipeve”inteligjente Simbioza mes njeriut dhe teknologjisë Bashkevolucioni biologjik e kulturor і njeriut Njeriu përmirëson teknologjinë, ndërsa teknologjia përmirëson njeriun 4 60 61 63 64 66 70 71 73
Transhumanizmi - Përtej njeriut - A mund ta shkruajmë librin e jetës KrEU I PESTE NBIC: Katër teknologjitë që po tronditin botën · 77 - Teknologjitë e reja në zhvillim e sipër (emerging technology) - Raporti amerikan Roco бс Bainbridge: Konvergimi i teknologjive pér perm iresim in e performances humane” - Nanoteknologjia (N) - Bioteknologjia (B) - Teknologjitë e informacionit (I) - Shkencat konjitive (C) 77 78 81 86 90 92 KREU I GJASHTË Njeriu në rrugëtimin e vet biologjik · 97 - Nga evolucioni parabiologjik në atë biologjik Linja humane e evolúciónk ADN-ja e ka filluar të tregojë historinë evolutive të njeriut Letra e filozofií britanik Max More drejtuar “nënës natyrë” Evolucioni і njeriut në këndvështrimin e transhumanizmit . . PJ E S A 97 100 103 104 108 E TRETE Nga riparimi te përmirësimi і njeriut · 111 KrEU I S H TAT Ë Në fiilim "riparimi" і njeriut · ИЗ - Riparimi i gjeneve Gjenomika e personalizuar Terapia gjenike Mjekësia rigjeneruese Bioteknologjia e qelizave burimore Inxhinieria indore Protezat dhe organet artificiale Inxhinieria e trurit Rikthimi i dëgjimit shurdhëve dhe shikimit të të verbërve 5 114 117 118 119 120 121 123 125 128
Ethem Ruka Kreu i tetě Përmirësimi i kapaciteteve të trurit · 129 - Përmirësimi gj enetik i trurit 130 Neuropërmirësuesit - “viagrat” e reja të trurit 133 Përmirësimi i humorit 135 Nxitja magnetike transkraniale e trurit 136 Hibridizimi і inteligjencë biologjike me atë artificiale 137 A do mundemi një ditë të lexojmë mendimin 140 Startup-і і Neuralink-ut të Elon Musk-ut për komunikimin e trurit me kompjuterin 143 - Truri, modeli ku duhet të mbështeten pajisjet digjitale inteligjente 144 Kreu i nëntë Përmirësimi і kapaciteteve fizike të njeriut · 147 - Hyije - Kapacitetet fizike të njeriut - Historia e dopingut - Shkaqet që і shtyjnë sportistei drejt dopingut - Drogat kryesore të dopingut - Dopingu gjenik - Kodi Botëror Anti-drogë - A është me të vërtetë sporti і ndershëm? ֊ A duhet lejuar dopingu? - E nesërmja e kapaciteteve fizike të njeriut - Teknika të tjera të për përmirësimin e kapaciteteve fizike të njeriut Kreu 147 148 149 151 153 154 156 157 158 160 161 i dhjetëj Përmirësimi gjenetik і bebeve · 163 - Njeriu dje dhe sot për imazhin e vet trupor - Rreth dyzetë vjet që nga lindja e bebes së pare “epruvete”: Louis Brown - Kriobankat për ruajtjen e spermatozoideve e vezëve për dhurim - Bebet me ADN-në e tre prindërve 6 164 167 169 170
TrANSHUMANIZMI - PëRTEJ NJERIUT - A MUND TA SHKRUAJMË LIBRIN E JETËS ֊ - Drejt spermatozoideve dhe vezëve artificiale Përzgjedhja e embrioneve pa çrregullime gjenetike Përzgjedhja e gjinisë së bebes Zgjedhja e ngjyrës së syve Përzgjedhja artificiale e kafshëve dhe bimëve me diesi të reja Drejt dizenjimit gjenetik të bebeve “me porosi” Vija e kuqe mes riparimit dhe përmirësimit genetik të njeriut 171 172 173 174 175 176 178 P J E S A E K AT Ë RT Dilema mes vdekjes dhe përjetësisë · 181 KrEU I NJËMBËDHJETË Vdekja: Malikim apo ¡novación biologjik? · 183 - Lindja dhe vdekja, kufijtë ku shtrihet jeta jonë - Miti dhe realiteti për vdekjen dhe pavdekësinë ֊ Fabula e dragoit tiran sipas Nick Bostromit - Jeta dhe vdekja: dy anët e të njëjtës medalje ■ Qelizat lindin, piqen, piaken dhe vdesin vazhdìmisht. ■ Çdo qelizë mund të vetëvritet në çdo çast tëjetés. ■ Plakja - çmimi qëpaguajmëpër një riprodhim të suhesshëm. ■ Pse duhet të vdesim ? 183 184 186 190 190 192 194 196 KREU I DYMBËDHJETË Kufijtë ku shtrihet jeta · 198 ֊ Jetëgjatësia para dhe pas revolucionit industrial - Kampionët e jetëgjatësisë që kanë refiizuar moshën - Supernjëqindvjeçarët - shembulli që nga pikëpamja biologjike mund të jetohet më gjatë ֊ Plakja e parakohshme ֊ Si lexohet ADN-ja jonë? - Mosha kronologjike dhe ajo biologjike e njeriut - Biomarkuesit e moshës - Për mitologjinë, fati і jetëgjatësisë është і përcaktuar - Gjenetika e moshës në organizmai jovertebrore dhe vertebrare - Hapat e pare në gjenetikën e moshës te njeriu - Studimet gjenetike të 100-vjeçarët 7 198 199 201 202 203 205 206 211 212 213 214
Ethem Ruka Kreu I trembëdhjetë Sfida e shekullit tonē: rritja e jetgjatësisë · 215 ֊ Projekti transhumanist për zgjatjen e jetës 215 - Biokonservatorët kundër projektit transhumanist 217 - Jeta mund të zgjatet 219 - Anija “e përjetshme” e Theseusit 219 - Koha e tabletave antimoshë po afrohet 221 - Senolitikët, medikamentet që do të pastrojnë organizmin nga qelizat e plakura 224 - “Makina biologjike” ka aftësi ripërtëritëse 225 ֊ Transazioni i gjakut të të rinjve për ngadalësimin e plakjes 226 - Klonimi riprodhues dhe terapeutik 227 - Nanoteknologjia në shërbim të mjekësisë 228 ֊ Mitra artificiale që do t’iu japë jetë bebeve që lindin para kohe 229 - Krionika - teknika e ndalimit të përkohshëm të jetës me anë të ngrirjes së thellë. 230 - Pirateria e vetvetes (body hacking) 232 - Cyborgët 233 - “Ringjallja” virtuale e njeriut 234 Kreu i katërmbëdhjetë Transhumanizmi dhe besimi feta г · 238 - Çfarë është shkenca dhe çfarë është feja - Raportēt mes shkencës dhe fesë - Raporti konfliktual dhe і papajtueshmërisë mes shkencës dhe fesë - Pavarësia dhe dialogu mes shkencës dhe fesë - Profetët e rinj të besimit, shkenca dhe teknologjia 240 242 Bibliografia 257 (Referencat në tekstjanë vendosur sipas botimeve dhe autoreve) 8 244 250 252
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Bibliografia Kreu 13: Sfida e shekullit tonë: rritja e jetgjatësisë 1 Barzilai N., Crandall J., Kritchevsky S. B., and Espeland M. A. (2018) Metformin as a Tool to Target Aging, Cell metab. 14; 23(6) 1060-1065 2 Best, B. P. (2008). Scientific Justification of Cryonics Practice. Rejuvenation Research, 11(2), 493-503. 3 Blagosklonny M. V, (2017) From rapalogs to anti-aging formula, Oncotarget, 8(22): 35492-35507 4 Clynes M. E and S. Kline N.S. (1960) Cyborgs and spacշ,Astronautics·. 26-27,74-75 5 Daoust J.F. (2017) Démocratisation de l’information: effets différenciés des médias traditionnels et des nouveaux médias, Vol 36(1): 3-152 6 De Grey. A with Rae M. (2007) Ending Aging: The Rejuvenation Breakthrough That Could Reverse Human Aging in Our Lifetime, St Martins Press: 139 7 Edwards, J. (1999). Why dolly matters: Kinship, culture and cloning. Ethnos, 64(3-4), 301-324 8 Fontana L., Longo V.D., Seals D. and Melov S. (2014) Medical research: Treat aging, Nature, 511: 405-407 9 Fontana, L., Partridge, L., Longo, V. D. (2010). Extending Healthy Life Span-From Yeast to Humans. Science, 328(5976), 321-326 10 Guarente L, Kenyon C. (2000) Genetic pathways that regulate ageing in model organisms. Nature 408:255-262 11 Harari Y. N. (2017) Homo Deus- Une breve histoire de ľhumanite, Albin Mishel: 32 12 Kirkland J. L. andTchkoniaT. (2015) Clinical strategies and animal models for developing senolytic agents, Exp Gerontol 68:19-25 13 Leger D. L. (2015) New Facebook policy allows social media immortality, Available from: https://www. usatoday. com/story/ tech/2015/02/12/facebook-policy-
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Ethem Ruka 15 More M. and Vita-Moore N. (2013) “The Transhumanist Reader.” John Wiley бсЅоп, Inc: 190 16 Mores Strategic phylosophy. A letter to Mother Nature: Amendments to the Human Constitution may 25 2009. Available from: http:// strategicphilosophy.blogspot.com/2009/05/its-about-ten-years-sincei-wrote.html 17 Parabiosis-The next Snakeoil, Available from: https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/parabiosis-the-next-snakeoil/ 18 Ranganathan R., etai. (2012) Nanomedicine: towards development ofpatient-friendly drug-delivery systems for oncological applications, IntJ nanomedicine ѴЫ.7:1043-1060 19 Sciences. Vieillir, ça se soigne? https://wwwcourrierintemational. com/article/sciences-vieillir-ca-se-soigne Kreu 14: Kranshumanizmi dhe besimi fetar 1 A. E Grant, A. F.C. Sturgill, C.H Chen and D.A Stout, Religion online: How the Technology is Changing the Way We Worship and Pray, 2019 Preager: 3-4] 2 Abbé G. Lemaître A. S. Eddington (1931),The Expanding Universe, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 91, Issue 5:490-501 3 Alexander L. (2011) La mort delà mort: Comment la technomedicine va bouleverser ľhumanite, éditions Jean-Claude Lattes: 101-105 4 Ayala F. (2001), Parallel evolution in Faith in Science, Edited by W. Mark Wilson and Gordy Slack: 9 5 Barbour I. G. (1966) Religion and Science and Religion, Harper San Francisco: 2-12]. 6 Convention de sauvegarde des Droits de l’Homme et des Libertés fondamentales telle qu’amendée par les Protocoles n° 11 et n° 14 Rome, 4.XI.1950 7 Coyne, J. (2015). Faith versus Fact: Why Science are Incompatible. New York: Penguin
Books: 1 8 Coyne, J. (2015). Faith versus Fact: Why Science are Incompatible. New York: Penguin Books: 64 9 Discourses of the Popes from Pius XI to John Paul II to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences 1936-1986 (Vatican City: Pontifica Academia Scientiarum, 1986): 161-164 268
Bibliografia 10 Draper. J. W (2009) History of the Conflict between Religion and Science, Cambridge University Press: 1 11 E. A. Vallis Budge (1997) An Introduction to Ancient Egyptian Literature, Dover publications, Inc, Mineóla, New York: 9 12 E. E. Evans-Pritchard (1965) Theories of primitiv religion, Oxford at the Clarendon Press, Theories of primitive religion, Oxford at the Clarendon Press: 1 13 Foi et transhumanisme : Enseignement de Don Pascal-André Dumont, Available from: https://www.lesedc.org/eclairage/foitranshumanisme-enseignement-pascal-andre-dumont/ 14 Giberson K, Artigas M. (2007), Oracles of Science: Celebrity Scientist versus Good and Religion, Oxford University Press: 39 15 Giberson K, Artigas M. (2007), Oracles of Science: Celebrity Scientist versus Good and Religion Oxford University Press: 79 16 Global Index of Religion and Atheisme, Prese release. Available from: https://sidmennt.is/wp-content/uploads/Gallup-InternationaT um-tr°/oC3 %BA-og-tr%C3 %BAleysi-2012.pdf 17 Harari Y. N. (2017), Homo Deus, A Brief History of Tomorrow, Éditions Albin Michel: 5 18 Harari Y. N. (2017), Homo Deus, A Brief History of Tomorrow, Éditions Albin Michel: 325 19 Littleton, C. Scott Eds. (2005). Gods, Goddesses, and Mythology. New York: Marshall Cavendish: 378. 20 Marks K. (1971) Critique de la philosophie du droit de Hegel, 1843, Paris, Aubier, traduction, M. Simon Aubier: 51-53 21 Poirot-Betting E. (2016) La relation entre deux compréhensions du monde: Science et Théologie. Conditions, modalités. Üniversite de Lorraine: 50 22 Richard Dawkins Quotes, Available from:
https://www.goodreads. сот/author/quotes/ll 94. 23 Sacks J., The moral animal, New York Times, dec. 23,2012 Available from: http://culturesmith.com/files/JONATHAN_SACKS_ The_Moral_Animal+pdf-71089.pdf 24 Schopenhauer A. (2019) The essays ofArthur Schopenhauer religion: a dialogue, etc. Lighthouse Books for Translation Publishing: 39-40 25 Stephen Hawking on Religion: “Science Will Win”. Available from: https://abcnews.go.com/WN/Technology/stephen-hawking-religionscience-win/story?id=10830164] 269 |
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| spelling | Ruka, Ethem 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)1242196919 aut Transhumanizmi: përtej njeriut a mund ta shkruajmë librin e jetës Prof. Dr. Ethem Ruka Botimi i parë Tiranë Shtëpia Botuese Mediaprint 2021 269 Seiten Porträts 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Transhumanismus (DE-588)7524756-2 gnd rswk-swf Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 gnd rswk-swf Cyborg (DE-588)4786457-6 gnd rswk-swf Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 gnd rswk-swf Albanien (DE-588)4001028-4 g Transhumanismus (DE-588)7524756-2 s Cyborg (DE-588)4786457-6 s Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032891937&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032891937&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ruka, Ethem 1947- Transhumanizmi: përtej njeriut a mund ta shkruajmë librin e jetës Transhumanismus (DE-588)7524756-2 gnd Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 gnd Cyborg (DE-588)4786457-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7524756-2 (DE-588)4038936-4 (DE-588)4786457-6 (DE-588)4001028-4 |
| title | Transhumanizmi: përtej njeriut a mund ta shkruajmë librin e jetës |
| title_auth | Transhumanizmi: përtej njeriut a mund ta shkruajmë librin e jetës |
| title_exact_search | Transhumanizmi: përtej njeriut a mund ta shkruajmë librin e jetës |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Transhumanizmi: përtej njeriut a mund ta shkruajmë librin e jetës |
| title_full | Transhumanizmi: përtej njeriut a mund ta shkruajmë librin e jetës Prof. Dr. Ethem Ruka |
| title_fullStr | Transhumanizmi: përtej njeriut a mund ta shkruajmë librin e jetës Prof. Dr. Ethem Ruka |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transhumanizmi: përtej njeriut a mund ta shkruajmë librin e jetës Prof. Dr. Ethem Ruka |
| title_short | Transhumanizmi: përtej njeriut |
| title_sort | transhumanizmi pertej njeriut a mund ta shkruajme librin e jetes |
| title_sub | a mund ta shkruajmë librin e jetës |
| topic | Transhumanismus (DE-588)7524756-2 gnd Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 gnd Cyborg (DE-588)4786457-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Transhumanismus Metaphysik Cyborg Albanien |
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