The broken years: russia's disabled war veterans, 1904-1921
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Cambridge ; New York ; Port Melbourne ; New Delhi ; Singapore
Cambridge University Press
2022
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| Schriftenreihe: | Studies in the social and cultural history of modern warfare
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | xii, 309 Seiten 11 Illustrationen (schwarz-weiß) |
| ISBN: | 9781316517741 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents List ofFigures List of Tables Acknowledgements Note on Usage page vi vii viii xii Introduction 1 1 An Overwhelming Loss 17 2 The Right to Health 55 3 A Social Status Renegotiated by the War 104 4 Discriminatory Social Welfare 136 5 6 An Ephemeral Political Spring: The Activism of Disabled Veterans in Russian (1917-1919) The Devaluation of the War Experience Conclusion Bibliography Index 194 231 268 283 301
Bibliography Archives Russia GARF ֊ Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (State Archive of the Russian Federation) A-413 Narodnyi komissariat sotsialnogo obespecheniia RSFSR A-1318 Narodnyi komissariat po delam natsionalnostei RSFSR A-3931 Tsentralnyi ispolnitelnyi komitet Soiuza uvechnykh voinov R-115 Soiuz 17 Oktiabria R-555 Guchkov Aleksandr Ivanovich R-123 5 Vserossiiskii tsentralnyi isponitelnyi komitet (VTsIK) R-1278 Gosudarstvennaia Duma R-3333 Tsentroplenbezh R-4347 Vserossiiskii komitet pomoshchi invalidam voiny (Vserokompom) R-4789 Zhdanov N. Μ. R-6787 Ministerstvo gosudarstvennogo prizreniia Vremennogo pravitelstva R-7113 Upravlenie gosudarstvennymi sberegatelnymi kassami Ministerstva finansov Vremennogo pravitelstva R-9491 Biuro voennoplennykh pri predstavitelstve RSFSR v Germanii Gosfilmofond Rossii (State Film Archive) Bolnye nervy (III Nerves/Neurasthenia), scenario by N. Galkin and L. Sukharebskii, 1635 metres, Sovkino Leningrad, 1930. OPI-GIM - Otdel pismennykh istochnikov - Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei (Handwritten Sources Department, State History Museum) 270 S. A. Shcherbatova 424 Sobranie dokumentalnykh materialov perioda burzhuazno-demokraticheskoi revoliutsii v Rossii RGAKFD - Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Kino-Foto Dokumentov (Russian State Documentary Film and Photo Archive (Krasnogorsk)) 786 Vozrozhdaemye к zhizni, Drankov/Maria Pavlovna Committee (1916) 968 Voennyi lazaret, Skobelev Committee (1914) 12377 Svobodnaia Rossiia no. 5 (3 July 1917) 283
284 Bibliography RGIA - Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Arkhiv (Russian State Historical Archive (St Petersburg)) 23 Ministerstvo torgovli i promyshlennosti 560 Obshchaia kantselariia Ministra finansov RGVIA ֊ Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Voenno-Istoricheskii Arkhiv (Russian State Archive for Military History) 366 Voennyi kabinet Ministra-predsedatelia politicheskogo upravleniia Voennogo ministertsva 391 Pervaia mirovaia voina 918 Klinika dushevnykh i nervnykh bolezney pri Voenno-meditsinskoi akademii 2005 Voenno-politicheskoe i grazhdanskoe upravlenie pri Verkhovnym Glavnokomanduiushchem 2018 Tsentralnyi vrachebno-sanitarnyi sovet 2054 Upravlenie nachalnika sanitarnoi chasti armii Zapadnogo fronta 12091 Pervyi lazaret 106-oi Pekhotnoi divizii 12651 Rossiiskoe obshchestvo Krasnogo krėsta 13114 Frontovye i mestnye uchrezhdeniia i formirovaniia Vserossiiskogo soiuza gorodov pomoshchi bolnym i raneným voinam 13159 Chrezvychainaia sledstvennaia komissiia dlia rassledovaniia narushenii zakonov i obychaev voiny avstro-vengerskimi i germanskimi voiskami (Krivtsov Commission) 14928 Moskovskii gorodskoi komitet pomoshchi voennoplennym 15870 Petrogradskii tylovoi raspreditelno-evakuatsionnyi punkt 16070 Aleksandrovskii komitet o ranenykh 16196 Osoboe deloproizvodstvo po sboru i registratsii svedenii о vybyvshikh za smertiu ili za ranami, a takzhe propavshikh bez vesti voinskikh chinakh 16142 Voenno-sudnye dela korpusnykh i armeiskikh sudov (kollektsiia) TsGA SPb - Tsentralnyi Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Sankt Peterburga (Central State Archive ofSt Petersburg) 427 Lezenskii
volostnoi sovet Shlisselburgskogo uezda Petrogradskoi gubernii i ego ispolnitelnyi komitet 951 Peredolskii volostnoi sovet Luzhskogo uezda Petrogradskoi gubernii i ego ispolnitelnyi komitet 972 Ivanovskii volostnoi sovet Shlisselburgskogo uezda Petrogradskoi gubernii i ego ispolnitelnyi komitet 8503 Kantselariia ispolnitelnogo komiteta Soiuza ranenykh i bolnykh voinov Petrograda i ego okrestnostei TsGIA SPb - Tsentralnyi Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Arkhiv Sankt Peterburga (Central State Historical Archive of St Petersburg) 399 Petrogradskii Mariinskii priiut dlia amputirovannykh i uvechnykh voinov 569 Upravlenie Petrogradskogo gradonachalstva i stolichnoi politsii 638 Tsentralnyi isponitelnyi komitet Soiuza uvechnykh voinov
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Index Academy of Military Medicine, 7, 35 Albrekht, German, 71,77 All-Russian Committee for Aid to Disabled Veterans (Vserokompom), 101, 174, 217, 220, 222, 232, 243, 244, 283, 287 All-Russian Conference of Maimed Soldiers First (1917), 83, 205, 206, 212, 218, 235 Second (1918), 187, 214, 219,222, 240 All-Russian Society of Co-operatives for the Disabled, 188 All-Russian Union of Cities, 23 All-Russian Union of Disabled Communists of War and Labour, 223 All-Russian Union of Maimed Soldiers, 15, 205, 210,211,218,220,229, 232, 235, 273, 275 asking for census, 20 creation and expansion, 206 delegates at Inter-ministerial Committee, 185, 209 dissolution, 217, 243 Executive Committee (Tsekuva), 186, 187, 189, 206, 207, 208, 211,212, 213, 215, 217,220, 221,238,240 local unions, 186, 207,214,241,243 negotiating with Bolsheviks, 187, 192, 238, 241 propaganda, 211 relations to Bolsheviks, 217, 221, 238, 240, 241 amputation, 14, 17, 18, 26, 62, 67 after the war, 228 at the front, 32 consent, 60, 61 diagnosis, 62, 64, 65 excessive, 65 failed, 67 Germany, 24 in autobiographies, 168 of all limbs, 61 of arms, 88, 183 of hands/fingers, 40,49, 50, 76, 175, 179, 262 of legs, 17, 41, 67, 74, 81, 83, 87, 90, 104, 127, 136, 184,261 procedures, 66, 270 quality vs quantity, 62, 66, 77 repatriation, 124 stoicism, 42 Andreev, Leonid, 93 Augspakh, A. A., 70, 85 Australia, 161, 247,257 Austria-Hungary, 41, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 154, 186, 204,209,278 autobiographies Abromov, N. S., 125, 170 as source, 8 Basenko, Fedor, 59, 60,167,169 Chernykh, P. R., 168,258 Eranin, Μ. P., 168 Goloborodov, la. I.,
170 Gorin, V. L, 132 Isaev, A. A., 170 Kuzmin, A. T., 29 Lobanov, N., 169,258 Oleinikov, I. V., 126 silences, 29 Vanko, A. T., 29 Varnin, E. G., 168, 170, 223 Baltic states, 3,4, 132, 148, 167, 226, 227 Bekhterev, Vladimir, 71, 98, 99, 285 Belgium, 278 blind veterans activism, 218, 219, 244, 277 artel, 188 atrocities, 23 depression, 219 in Ford factories, 183 in Germany (Siemens), 180 in Italy, 298 301
302 Index blind veterans (cont.) in literature, 17, 231,256 shelters, 190 Briansk, 207 Brushtein, Sergei, 99, 162, 250, 256, 285 Bulgaria, 228 Burdenko, Nikolai, 64 capacity for work, 13 categorisation, 191, 192 incapacitation rates, 23,24, 49, 85, 114, 117, 118, 165, 179, 186,216 lost after the war, 113 qualitative evaluation, 187 restored, 161,280 Russian veterans abroad, 228 statistics, 64 Caucasus, 219 Central Committee for Repatriation of POWs and Refugees, 129 Charnomskaia, Izavetta, 81,86,87,88,90,146, 172, 173,285 chronic illness, 35, 38, 53,73, 83, 134, 179, 280 as comorbidity, 183 bronchitis, 179, 255 following improper care, 123 gastric, 52 granting repatriation from camps, 132 hospital army, 122 invisibility, 270 resulting exemption, 18 statistics, 63, 70 civil war, 3, 4, 6 archaisation, 19, 187, 188, 259 casualties, 26 continuum with First World War, 11,16 foreign intervention, 22 trauma, 26 veterans, 57, 184, 210, 222, 226, 227, 228, 230, 234, 279 victims, 26 Commission on the Consequences of the War, 22 committees Alexander Committee for Wounded Soldiers, 21, 108, 110, 112, 113, 114, 142, 143, 150, 238 Elizaveta Fedorovna Committee, 79, 143,262 Imperial Princess Tatiana Committee, 1, 142 Princess Maria Pavlovna Committee, 1,2, 74, 161, 173,283 Skobelev Committee for the Wounded, 2,34, 142, 143, 199,211,240 Cossacks, 4,40, 110, 114 Crimean War, 55 Czechoslovakia, 227, 279 demobilisation certificate, 127 commissions, 107 cultural, 11, 196, 229 during the war, 54, 121, 122, 128, 210, 267 First World War, 124, 221 military hospitals, 117 personal account, 225
political, 15,218, 229 process, 126, 135, 274 Denmark, 131,133 Duma, 20 hospital trains, 55 hospitals, 33 involvement in regulating, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114 Egorov, Private, 60, 61, 253, 254 Ekaterinburg, 167 Ekaterinoslav, 33, 249, 290 emotions, 12, 27, 35 among wounded men, 59 emotional bond, 198, 208 emotional support, 68, 256 in literature, 198,231 in newsreels, 253 in propaganda posters, 45 medical evaluation, 96 popular, 147,248 remembrance, 227 self-censored, 132, 253 veterans’ use of, 204, 223 employment adapted, 81, 192 agency, 182, 185, 187 as teachers, 180 as tool for reintegration, 85, 280 base for citizenship, 84 career before the war, 223 competition with able-bodied workers, 182 employers’ cynicism, 181 female, 247 former trade, 165, 215 in agriculture, 166 in countryside, 255 in state administration, 116, 165, 180,192 lack of, 166, 180, 192 monopoly, 176 non-manual, 167, 261
303 Index odd jobs, 139, 169, 175, 176,280 offers, 87 salary rates, 181 stability, 166 temporary, 179, 192 under harsh conditions, 166 unemployment, 169, 181,234 exhibitions, 160, 161,262 experts about disabled veterans, 268 foreign, 78, 157, 270 in military justice, 50 independence, 14 innovation, 64 legal, 8, 106, 138, 182, 281 medical, 11,19, 30,35, 38,47,48,50, 65, 162, 259,271,273,274 paternalism, 218 progressive, 213 vs military authorities, 48, 51, 57 facial wounds, 68 families assistance, 214,272 crisis, 251, 260,280 losing breadwinners, 3, 97, 113, 118, 120, 253 separation from, 126 substitute, 198, 199,219,263, 264 support, 100, 120, 125, 171,247, 249,253, 257, 258, 267 films Fall of the Romanov Dynasty, The (Shub, 1929), 248 Fragment of the Empire, A (Ermler, 1928), 91, 264, 290 III Nerves (Galkin, 1930), 73 Life and People (Macheret, 1932), 264 One Million Two Hundred Thousand (Galadzhev, 1931), 233, 250, 280 Reborn to Life (Drankov, 1916), 1,2, 74, 75 France archives, 285 democracy, 195 disabled veterans, 78,116 law on pensions, 114 medical network, 30 medical progress, 78 memory of the war, 226 military medical examination, 121 prisoners of war, 130, 131, 279 propaganda, 42 prosthetics, 68, 80 psychiatric treatments, 99 reformists, 138 retraining, 160, 174, 247 Russian doctors trained in, 64 Russians in exile, 228 statistics, 25 veterans’ associations, 11, 197 welfare state, 138 fronts northern, 48, 65, 77 south-western, 31, 35,48, 65, 95 western, 32, 35,48, 95 Gagen-Torn, Ivan, 65, 66, 286 gangrene, 28, 62, 64, 65, 67, 103 Germany as model in medicine, 78
democracy, 195 disabled veterans, 116 doctors treating Russian soldiers, 60 economic competition with, 262 employment of disabled workers, 180 expertise on Russian disabled soldiers, 157 experts’ influence, 84 Germanophobia, 45, 81, 155 model for job monopoly, 176 model for workers’ insurance, 186 negotiating repatriation, 130,132 norms, 83 occupied Russian territories, 227 prisoners of war, 130 psychiatric treatments, 98 public opinion about disabled veterans, 161 repatriation, 83 Russian doctors trained in, 64, 69 Russian veterans in exile, 228 statistics, 25 statistics on Russian disabled soldiers, 129 tuberculosis, 25 veterans’ associations, 210, 226 war trauma, 92 Great Britain disabled children, 77 disabled veterans, 8, 24, 116, 218 Lenin (gift to), 265 medical progress, 59, 68, 78, 80 military justice, 48 philanthropy, 116 war trauma, 93 welfare state, 138 Great Patriotic War, 3, 6,41, 195, 210, 265, 293 Guchkov, Aleksandr, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 283
304 Index heroism, 5, 15, 19, 39, 40, 42, 221, 224, 267 hospital trains, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 55, 60, 134, 142 Inter-ministerial Committee on Disabled Veterans’ Affairs, 186,209,212,215,223, 238, 275, 277 International Labour Organization, 106 Italy, 78, 80, 116, 209 Jews, 4, 26, 47, 72, 148, 168, 209 Kaluga, 38, 150 Kazan, 4, 136, 137, 153, 154, 163, 181, 262, 287,288, 290 Kedrov, Dr Petr, 35, 122, 123, 286 Kerensky, Alexander, 128, 204, 211, 215, 225, 265 Kharkov, 33, 82, 96, 167, 171, 181, 286 Kiev, 26, 49, 50, 66, 79, 181, 247, 289 Kollontai, Alexandra, 222, 237, 240 Kostroma, 149, 190,219,225, 293 Kravkov, Vasilii, 34, 48, 198, 201,287 Krivtsov’s Extraordinary Commission of Enquiry on the ‘German atrocities’, viii, 23, 133, 134, 155, 156, 157, 242, 284 Kursk, 33, 120, 179,248 law on pensions (1912), 14, 18, 107, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 122, 123, 143, 186,215,218 Lenin, Vladimir Ilich, 3, 71, 84, 191, 217, 221, 223,225,226,229, 232, 240, 265, 276, 278 Leningrad, see Petrograd letters censored, 126, 202 of protest, 223 to authorities, 204, 253, 259 to family, 126, 224, 248, 249, 253, 256 to local soviet, 194 to local Unions of Maimed Soldiers, 186 to patrons, 120, 249 to philanthropists, 128 to Tsekuva from local unions, 207, 220 to Tsekuva from NKSO, 220 Mariinskii convalescent home, 67, 77, 79, 80, 83, 111, 120, 142, 284 marriage, 92,257 Maximilian Clinic, 81, 86, 184 Mensheviks, 194,211 Merkulov, Dr A. N., 71, 72, 181, 287 military justice, 48, 49, 51 military medical commissions, 121, 127, 271,282 Miliukov, Pavel, 109 Ministry of Commerce and Industry,
115, 166, 171, 185, 186 Ministry of Social Protection, 6, 185, 186, 213, 237 Ministry of the Interior, 171, 237 Ministry of War, 51, 122, 131 Minsk, 47, 49 Mishnin, Vasilii, 46, 201 Mordvinov, K. K., 77, 78, 82, 287 Moscow capital city, 126 cemetery, First World War fraternal, 226 charity, 150, 151, 188 conference on assistance to maimed soldiers, 70 disabled veterans, 119, 167, 169, 211 evacuation to, 33, 35, 36, 126, 133 hospitals, 36, 38, 49, 68, 70, 96, 104, 179, 200, 262 job market, 179,181, 182 medical network, 30 prosthetics production, 79 province, 49, 63, 125, 127, 172 repatriation centre, 36 retraining capital, 171, 190, 279 salary rates, 181 statistics, 71 veterans’ demonstration, 211 welfare, 79 Muslims, 4,275 mutilations, 10,23,26,40,44,47, 48, 51, 52, 62,64, 102, 161,296 Nicholas II, 1, 197 Nizhny Novgorod, 214, 240 nurses, 28, 32 Arapova, S. V, 119 Britneva, Mary, 40 disabled male nurse, 179 Empress Alexandra as, 142 in propaganda films, 56 inefficient, 59 inspecting POW camps, 40 on propaganda posters, 44 Semina, Khristina, 60, 61, 62, 199, 253, 254 with disabled veterans, 74, 125 Zakharova, Lidiia, 201 Odessa, 52, 181,246 officers
Index exempted, 123 facing justice, 51 heroic death in hospital, 200 in convalescence, 199 in literature, 17,28, 231,246 in propaganda, 41 prejudices, 47 privileged for assistance, 109, 178 privileged for care, 98, 133, 142 returned to units, 123 Tsar Nicholas II posing as, 142 united by suffering, 199 united in associations, 204,207 wounded, 123 Oppel, Vladimir, 7, 30, 61, 63, 64,65, 123 Orel, 33,38, 127, 189, 190 Osorgin, Mikhail, 17, 256 pain, 27 after operation, 1, 9, 71 as community bond, 194, 251 as medical concern, 59, 61, 102 denied, 52, 151 during operation, 65 during transportation, 29, 34, 55, 56, 102, 200 engaging emotions, 59 in propaganda, 34, 40 proof of heroism, 44, 132,200 recalled, 29, 60, 205 relief, 59, 199 self-censored, 60,62 silenced by psychiatric disorder, 100 simulated, 199 wounds, 58 patriotism associations, 205 bond, 108 demonstration, 221 disabled veteran, 223 doing charity, 151, 154 mocked by Bolsheviks, 234 opinion, 94 propaganda, 15, 43, 104, 140 revolutionary (in 1917), 211 reward for, 109, 110, 112,135 soldiers’, 40, 72,145 writer, 225,231 peasants addressing authorities, 194 agricultural illiteracy, 162 alcoholism, 100 average income, 118 Bolshevik class struggle between, 236 buried alive, 100 305 disabled veterans, 169, 176 doing charity, 149 facing military justice, 49 in films, 91, 92,250 inventing prosthetics, 82 lacking medical care, 63 land issue, 158,212 masculinity, 263 out of humanitarian reach, 150 perception of disability, 249 professional soldier, 100 propaganda among, 148 prosthetics, 86 religion, 103, 168 revolt, 158 rural
exodus, 176, 185, 191 solidarity, 252 studying, 167 thirst for knowledge, 165 women, 92, 107,258,259, 260 pensions amounts, 118, 134, 175,213, 218 Bolshevik conception, 174 categories, 110, 114, 123, 216 competition for, 241 defined by ILO, 116 denied, 123, 179,259 disabled workers, 220 discrimination, 222, 242 downgraded, 177,216 expertise, 216 for professional soldiers, 239 in countryside, 254 information, 120 insufficient, 84,135, 162, 177, 179,214, 220 investing, 127 laws, 14, 107, 113,236 network, 112,239, 248 not requested, 209, 224 old age, 115 Red veterans, 222,243 reduced, 232,244 reform, 109, 111, 186,214,215,216, 235 request, 124 right to, 27 Russo-Japanese War veterans, 21 state budget, 97, 143 timing, 118, 119 understood by veterans, 206, 213, 239, 240 woman veteran, 110 People’s Commissariat for State Assistance, 237 People’s Commissariat of Social Assistance, 190, 191, 192,219,236, 237,238, 241,244
306 Index Perm, 225 Petrograd conferences (experts), 98 convalescent homes, 67, 90 demonstrations, 49 disabled veterans, 167 disabled veterans’ activism, 203, 205, 206, 207,211,212 employment, 165, 181, 182 evacuation centre, 130 evacuation to, 29, 33, 60, 65 exhibitions, 80, 160 hospitals, 25,52,99,133,173,203,224,258 medical research, 99 prosthetics production, 79, 81 province, 236, 254, 255 repatriation to, 132, 133 retraining capital, 171 rural exodus, 126, 169 soldiers’ activism, 66, 202 Soviet, 192, 194,211 statistics, 25,71, 87 studying in, 166,172, 181 Union of Maimed Soldiers, 206 philanthropy before 1914, 145 hospitals/homes, 35, 38, 90 local notables, 139, 147, 148, 150, 172, 176 moral aspects, 46 private charity, 8, 127 propaganda, 1, 45, 55, 151, 163, 184 reform, 110, 113, 136, 145, 158, 178, 235,239 uniting communities, 15, 148, 153 veterans’ uses, 128, 162, 243 physiotherapy, 99, 103 Poland, 3, 32,226,227, 255,296 Preobrazhenskii, Dr Sergei, 52,53,71,99,100, 101, 122, 129, 130,288 Prishvin, Mikhail, 39, 198, 199,252,288 prisoners of war activism, 204 addressing to authorities, 129 average income, 118 camp inspections, 40, 130 civil war, 24 conditions, 129 death rate in camps, 131 disabled during captivity, 67, 83, 94, 129 discrimination, 242 exchange, 121, 128, 130, 132 investigation, 156 mass of, 25 medals for, 132 missing soldiers, 22 propaganda, 154, 155, 156, 157 recognised disabled by Germans, 129, 130, 157, 204 repatriated, 45, 107, 130, 131, 134, 156 rumours, 40 simulating disability, 52, 134 specific war experience, viii statistics, 26 unemployment,
182 unfit to work for German war effort, 129 propaganda about disabled veterans, 15, 41,43 heroism, 19 imperial, 142, 157 patriotic, 40 sanitary, 34, 35, 73 prosthetics and pension recalculation, 216 cost, 80 exhibition, 80 foreign models, 78, 79 in films, 2, 74 in industrial work, 86, 88 innovation, 76, 77, 80, 81, 82 modernisation, 81 production, 69, 74, 76, 78, 79, 80 propaganda, 76, 81 rights and duties, 83, 111 shortcomings, 74 suffering, 69 textbook (1917), 77 training, 76, 78 veterans needing, 80, 83, 84 veterans producing, 81, 82, 90 veterans’ perception about, 76 veterans’ requests, 120, 189 Provisional Government, 6, 15, 20, 109, 158, 185, 186, 203, 207, 208, 210, 211, 213, 214, 221, 235, 244, 272, 275, 276, 277 psychiatric disorders, 14 depression, 52, 85, 101,129, 177, 200, 201 hysteria, 25, 68, 95, 96, 233 loss of memory, 66, 95, 101 neuroses, 18, 25,42, 53, 68, 93, 95, 97, 99, 100, 101, 183,218 psychoses, 18, 53, 71, 93, 94, 95,96, 99, 134,218 Pussen, Dr L., 33, 70, 99, 288 Red Army assistance, 255 disabled veterans, 15, 201, 222, 242, 267 mobilisation, 4, 25 Red Cross, Russian Committee of the
Index competition with institutions, 145 conservatism, 72, 142, 144 efficiency, 18 evacuation by, 21 history, 55, 144 hospitals, 22, 31, 33, 98 network, 144 prisoners of war, 128, 130, 131 statistics, 22 triage, 36 refugees competing with veterans, 182,251,252 disabled veteran, 181 identity, 278 in propaganda posters, 45 relief, 1, 142, 144, 148 suspicion, 46 transfer, 127 war victims, 43, 138 rehabilitation, 9,10, 13, 15, 56, 67, 74, 82, 84, 85, 91, 116, 133, 139, 162, 176,218, 275, 280,290, 298 retraining access, 160, 165 as accountants, 166, 169, 171 as agricultural supervisors, 60, 167, 169, 170, 171, 223 as craftsmen, 86,164 as rural clerks, 171 choice, 170 diploma, 169 disabled workers, 87 discipline, 172 elitist, 164, 181 employment, 166, 169, 173, 175 in foreign countries, 175 interrupted, 87, 161, 181 organisation, 165, 171 prerequisites, 165, 166 programmes, 82,87,160,165,166,173,190 reluctant veterans, 175 right to, 213 schedule, 172 selective, 173 selective geography, 171 short, 162 shortcomings, 171 Soviet reform, 186 state involvement, 171, 174 voluntarism, 169 revolutions February 1917, 5, 9, 32, 116, 122, 158, 196, 202,203,210,213, 222,223,224, 225, 234, 240, 255, 261, 265, 274, 281 October 1917, 95, 215, 234, 237 307 Riga, 127, 167 rights as patients, 94 civil, 207, 208, 219 fight for, 15, 106, 127, 187,213 for prosthetics, 84 individualisation, 107, 112, 120 international, 116 knowledge of, 120 legislation, 112 political, 212, 243 popularisation, 119 specific types, 14, 218 to health, 14, 56, 59, 71 undercut, 177 Rostov-on-Don, 33, 182,212 Russian Invalid,
The (newspaper), 109, 111, 166, 178, 197, 226 Russo-Japanese War accounts, 28 defeats, 4 disabled veterans, 19,90, 108,114, 143,275 history, 30 lessons from, 52, 97 literature, 246 military medicine, 58 mobilisation, 4 philanthropy, 143 veterans, 14, 41, 48, 53, 64, 104, 109, 112, 197, 246 war effort, 140 war experience, 27, 58, 77,270 war trauma, 93 wounds, 28 St George, Cross of, holder, 17, 45,104, 154, 176, 181,205, 223,225 St Petersburg, see Petrograd Samara, 80, 167, 190 self-inflicted wounds, 14, 39, 40, 46, 47, 50, 54 Semashko, Nikolai, 24, 237, 289 Shakhovskoi, Dmitrii, 109 shell-shock, 92,96 Shenvert, Dr Alfred, 66, 289 Siberia, 201 simulation, 14,40,46,47,48, 52, 54, 93 Smolensk, 125, 134, 224 social assistance from tsarist state, 113 in villages, 255 nationalisation, 239 network, 238,239 organisation, 63, 70, 145 progressive discourse, 23
308 Index social assistance (cont.) solicitors, 107 Soviet laws, 242 through work, 86,158, 164, 172,185, 186, 191,213 welfare state, 190, 191, 210, 215, 232, 267 soldatid (soldiers’ wives), 107, 258, 261 Special Commission on Aid to Soldiers and Other Victims of the War, 63 Special Committee of the Supreme Council, 79 Stalin, Iosif Vissarionovich, 223, 225, 265, 266 Stepun, Fedor, 199,200 Stockholm Conference (1917), 130, 131 Supreme Council for Aid to Families and Soldiers Who Are War Victims, 31,79,80, 88, 142, 185 surgery amateurism, 61 at front, 32, 77 brain, 65, 66, 99 consent, 60 convalescence, 125 decision to operate, 65 democratised, 63 effective, 65 innovation, 63, 99 lack of norms, 67 modern equipment, 65 neurosurgery, 70 on face, 68, 69 operations per day, 63, 64, 65 patients’ psychology, 59, 66 patients’ death, 99 refusal, 125 reoperation, 38, 65, 66, 101 shortcomings, 30 timing, 32, 64 trepanation, 32, 64, 66 syphilis, 52, 95, 259 Tambov, 214, 240 Tornio, 130, 132, 156 tuberculosis, 25, 43, 52, 68, 72, 90, 129, 132, 133, 149, 224 Tula, 49, 172,190, 251 Turner, Dr Genrikh, 7, 60, 71, 77, 78, 80, 169 Tver, 171, 190 Ukraine, 26, 117, 167, 172, 287 Union of Disabled Russian Veterans Abroad, 228 Union of Severely Wounded Combatants in Petrograd’s convalescent homes, 67 Varnin, Efim, 168, 170,209,211,223 Veresaev, Vikentii, 27,28, 34, 93, 290 villages assembly, 206 convalescence, 251 disabled delegates, 209 economy, 158 employment, 170 home for disabled veterans, 149 hostility to veterans, 236 mobilisation, 3, 248 patronage for disabled persons, 249 pensions, 214
prisoners of war, 252 school, 167, 168, 176 solidarity, 255 veterans’ isolation, 254 Vinokurov, Aleksandr, 222, 237, 240, 241 Volunteer Battalion of Maimed Soldiers, 212 Vreden, Roman, 7 Wilhelm II, 42, 98, 221 working conditions, 15 workshops and housing, 164 artels, 189 charity, 79, 139 conditions, 81, 172 discipline, 172 history, 188 in films, 2, 74 learning, 181 life earning, 128 main trades, 164, 190 network, 190 producing prostheses, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 86 productivity, 173 publicity for, 172 reintegration, 173 veterans’ strategies, 90 work therapy, 58 Yugoslavia, 195, 196, 228, 279, 296 Zemgor, 18 activists, 139 and American Red Cross, 30 and Russian army, 31 competition with institutions, 35, 142, 145 conceptions about disabled veterans, 62, 70, 181,250 hospital trains, 36
Index hospitals, 71 propaganda for, 34 statistics, 208, 218 zemstvos employing disabled veterans, 82 expertise, 138, 209 hospitals, 33, 38, 52, 94, 149 309 humanitarian aid, 144, 266 liberalism, 140 network, 144, 149,249, 266 prosthetics exhibition, 82 school, 168, 261 statistics, 3, 23, 63, 108, 185, 208 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
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Contents List ofFigures List of Tables Acknowledgements Note on Usage page vi vii viii xii Introduction 1 1 An Overwhelming Loss 17 2 The Right to Health 55 3 A Social Status Renegotiated by the War 104 4 Discriminatory Social Welfare 136 5 6 An Ephemeral Political Spring: The Activism of Disabled Veterans in Russian (1917-1919) The Devaluation of the War Experience Conclusion Bibliography Index 194 231 268 283 301
Bibliography Archives Russia GARF ֊ Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (State Archive of the Russian Federation) A-413 Narodnyi komissariat sotsialnogo obespecheniia RSFSR A-1318 Narodnyi komissariat po delam natsionalnostei RSFSR A-3931 Tsentralnyi ispolnitelnyi komitet Soiuza uvechnykh voinov R-115 Soiuz 17 Oktiabria R-555 Guchkov Aleksandr Ivanovich R-123 5 Vserossiiskii tsentralnyi isponitelnyi komitet (VTsIK) R-1278 Gosudarstvennaia Duma R-3333 Tsentroplenbezh R-4347 Vserossiiskii komitet pomoshchi invalidam voiny (Vserokompom) R-4789 Zhdanov N. Μ. R-6787 Ministerstvo gosudarstvennogo prizreniia Vremennogo pravitelstva R-7113 Upravlenie gosudarstvennymi sberegatelnymi kassami Ministerstva finansov Vremennogo pravitelstva R-9491 Biuro voennoplennykh pri predstavitelstve RSFSR v Germanii Gosfilmofond Rossii (State Film Archive) Bolnye nervy (III Nerves/Neurasthenia), scenario by N. Galkin and L. Sukharebskii, 1635 metres, Sovkino Leningrad, 1930. OPI-GIM - Otdel pismennykh istochnikov - Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Muzei (Handwritten Sources Department, State History Museum) 270 S. A. Shcherbatova 424 Sobranie dokumentalnykh materialov perioda burzhuazno-demokraticheskoi revoliutsii v Rossii RGAKFD - Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Kino-Foto Dokumentov (Russian State Documentary Film and Photo Archive (Krasnogorsk)) 786 Vozrozhdaemye к zhizni, Drankov/Maria Pavlovna Committee (1916) 968 Voennyi lazaret, Skobelev Committee (1914) 12377 Svobodnaia Rossiia no. 5 (3 July 1917) 283
284 Bibliography RGIA - Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Arkhiv (Russian State Historical Archive (St Petersburg)) 23 Ministerstvo torgovli i promyshlennosti 560 Obshchaia kantselariia Ministra finansov RGVIA ֊ Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Voenno-Istoricheskii Arkhiv (Russian State Archive for Military History) 366 Voennyi kabinet Ministra-predsedatelia politicheskogo upravleniia Voennogo ministertsva 391 Pervaia mirovaia voina 918 Klinika dushevnykh i nervnykh bolezney pri Voenno-meditsinskoi akademii 2005 Voenno-politicheskoe i grazhdanskoe upravlenie pri Verkhovnym Glavnokomanduiushchem 2018 Tsentralnyi vrachebno-sanitarnyi sovet 2054 Upravlenie nachalnika sanitarnoi chasti armii Zapadnogo fronta 12091 Pervyi lazaret 106-oi Pekhotnoi divizii 12651 Rossiiskoe obshchestvo Krasnogo krėsta 13114 Frontovye i mestnye uchrezhdeniia i formirovaniia Vserossiiskogo soiuza gorodov pomoshchi bolnym i raneným voinam 13159 Chrezvychainaia sledstvennaia komissiia dlia rassledovaniia narushenii zakonov i obychaev voiny avstro-vengerskimi i germanskimi voiskami (Krivtsov Commission) 14928 Moskovskii gorodskoi komitet pomoshchi voennoplennym 15870 Petrogradskii tylovoi raspreditelno-evakuatsionnyi punkt 16070 Aleksandrovskii komitet o ranenykh 16196 Osoboe deloproizvodstvo po sboru i registratsii svedenii о vybyvshikh za smertiu ili za ranami, a takzhe propavshikh bez vesti voinskikh chinakh 16142 Voenno-sudnye dela korpusnykh i armeiskikh sudov (kollektsiia) TsGA SPb - Tsentralnyi Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Sankt Peterburga (Central State Archive ofSt Petersburg) 427 Lezenskii
volostnoi sovet Shlisselburgskogo uezda Petrogradskoi gubernii i ego ispolnitelnyi komitet 951 Peredolskii volostnoi sovet Luzhskogo uezda Petrogradskoi gubernii i ego ispolnitelnyi komitet 972 Ivanovskii volostnoi sovet Shlisselburgskogo uezda Petrogradskoi gubernii i ego ispolnitelnyi komitet 8503 Kantselariia ispolnitelnogo komiteta Soiuza ranenykh i bolnykh voinov Petrograda i ego okrestnostei TsGIA SPb - Tsentralnyi Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Arkhiv Sankt Peterburga (Central State Historical Archive of St Petersburg) 399 Petrogradskii Mariinskii priiut dlia amputirovannykh i uvechnykh voinov 569 Upravlenie Petrogradskogo gradonachalstva i stolichnoi politsii 638 Tsentralnyi isponitelnyi komitet Soiuza uvechnykh voinov
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Index Academy of Military Medicine, 7, 35 Albrekht, German, 71,77 All-Russian Committee for Aid to Disabled Veterans (Vserokompom), 101, 174, 217, 220, 222, 232, 243, 244, 283, 287 All-Russian Conference of Maimed Soldiers First (1917), 83, 205, 206, 212, 218, 235 Second (1918), 187, 214, 219,222, 240 All-Russian Society of Co-operatives for the Disabled, 188 All-Russian Union of Cities, 23 All-Russian Union of Disabled Communists of War and Labour, 223 All-Russian Union of Maimed Soldiers, 15, 205, 210,211,218,220,229, 232, 235, 273, 275 asking for census, 20 creation and expansion, 206 delegates at Inter-ministerial Committee, 185, 209 dissolution, 217, 243 Executive Committee (Tsekuva), 186, 187, 189, 206, 207, 208, 211,212, 213, 215, 217,220, 221,238,240 local unions, 186, 207,214,241,243 negotiating with Bolsheviks, 187, 192, 238, 241 propaganda, 211 relations to Bolsheviks, 217, 221, 238, 240, 241 amputation, 14, 17, 18, 26, 62, 67 after the war, 228 at the front, 32 consent, 60, 61 diagnosis, 62, 64, 65 excessive, 65 failed, 67 Germany, 24 in autobiographies, 168 of all limbs, 61 of arms, 88, 183 of hands/fingers, 40,49, 50, 76, 175, 179, 262 of legs, 17, 41, 67, 74, 81, 83, 87, 90, 104, 127, 136, 184,261 procedures, 66, 270 quality vs quantity, 62, 66, 77 repatriation, 124 stoicism, 42 Andreev, Leonid, 93 Augspakh, A. A., 70, 85 Australia, 161, 247,257 Austria-Hungary, 41, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134, 154, 186, 204,209,278 autobiographies Abromov, N. S., 125, 170 as source, 8 Basenko, Fedor, 59, 60,167,169 Chernykh, P. R., 168,258 Eranin, Μ. P., 168 Goloborodov, la. I.,
170 Gorin, V. L, 132 Isaev, A. A., 170 Kuzmin, A. T., 29 Lobanov, N., 169,258 Oleinikov, I. V., 126 silences, 29 Vanko, A. T., 29 Varnin, E. G., 168, 170, 223 Baltic states, 3,4, 132, 148, 167, 226, 227 Bekhterev, Vladimir, 71, 98, 99, 285 Belgium, 278 blind veterans activism, 218, 219, 244, 277 artel, 188 atrocities, 23 depression, 219 in Ford factories, 183 in Germany (Siemens), 180 in Italy, 298 301
302 Index blind veterans (cont.) in literature, 17, 231,256 shelters, 190 Briansk, 207 Brushtein, Sergei, 99, 162, 250, 256, 285 Bulgaria, 228 Burdenko, Nikolai, 64 capacity for work, 13 categorisation, 191, 192 incapacitation rates, 23,24, 49, 85, 114, 117, 118, 165, 179, 186,216 lost after the war, 113 qualitative evaluation, 187 restored, 161,280 Russian veterans abroad, 228 statistics, 64 Caucasus, 219 Central Committee for Repatriation of POWs and Refugees, 129 Charnomskaia, Izavetta, 81,86,87,88,90,146, 172, 173,285 chronic illness, 35, 38, 53,73, 83, 134, 179, 280 as comorbidity, 183 bronchitis, 179, 255 following improper care, 123 gastric, 52 granting repatriation from camps, 132 hospital army, 122 invisibility, 270 resulting exemption, 18 statistics, 63, 70 civil war, 3, 4, 6 archaisation, 19, 187, 188, 259 casualties, 26 continuum with First World War, 11,16 foreign intervention, 22 trauma, 26 veterans, 57, 184, 210, 222, 226, 227, 228, 230, 234, 279 victims, 26 Commission on the Consequences of the War, 22 committees Alexander Committee for Wounded Soldiers, 21, 108, 110, 112, 113, 114, 142, 143, 150, 238 Elizaveta Fedorovna Committee, 79, 143,262 Imperial Princess Tatiana Committee, 1, 142 Princess Maria Pavlovna Committee, 1,2, 74, 161, 173,283 Skobelev Committee for the Wounded, 2,34, 142, 143, 199,211,240 Cossacks, 4,40, 110, 114 Crimean War, 55 Czechoslovakia, 227, 279 demobilisation certificate, 127 commissions, 107 cultural, 11, 196, 229 during the war, 54, 121, 122, 128, 210, 267 First World War, 124, 221 military hospitals, 117 personal account, 225
political, 15,218, 229 process, 126, 135, 274 Denmark, 131,133 Duma, 20 hospital trains, 55 hospitals, 33 involvement in regulating, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114 Egorov, Private, 60, 61, 253, 254 Ekaterinburg, 167 Ekaterinoslav, 33, 249, 290 emotions, 12, 27, 35 among wounded men, 59 emotional bond, 198, 208 emotional support, 68, 256 in literature, 198,231 in newsreels, 253 in propaganda posters, 45 medical evaluation, 96 popular, 147,248 remembrance, 227 self-censored, 132, 253 veterans’ use of, 204, 223 employment adapted, 81, 192 agency, 182, 185, 187 as teachers, 180 as tool for reintegration, 85, 280 base for citizenship, 84 career before the war, 223 competition with able-bodied workers, 182 employers’ cynicism, 181 female, 247 former trade, 165, 215 in agriculture, 166 in countryside, 255 in state administration, 116, 165, 180,192 lack of, 166, 180, 192 monopoly, 176 non-manual, 167, 261
303 Index odd jobs, 139, 169, 175, 176,280 offers, 87 salary rates, 181 stability, 166 temporary, 179, 192 under harsh conditions, 166 unemployment, 169, 181,234 exhibitions, 160, 161,262 experts about disabled veterans, 268 foreign, 78, 157, 270 in military justice, 50 independence, 14 innovation, 64 legal, 8, 106, 138, 182, 281 medical, 11,19, 30,35, 38,47,48,50, 65, 162, 259,271,273,274 paternalism, 218 progressive, 213 vs military authorities, 48, 51, 57 facial wounds, 68 families assistance, 214,272 crisis, 251, 260,280 losing breadwinners, 3, 97, 113, 118, 120, 253 separation from, 126 substitute, 198, 199,219,263, 264 support, 100, 120, 125, 171,247, 249,253, 257, 258, 267 films Fall of the Romanov Dynasty, The (Shub, 1929), 248 Fragment of the Empire, A (Ermler, 1928), 91, 264, 290 III Nerves (Galkin, 1930), 73 Life and People (Macheret, 1932), 264 One Million Two Hundred Thousand (Galadzhev, 1931), 233, 250, 280 Reborn to Life (Drankov, 1916), 1,2, 74, 75 France archives, 285 democracy, 195 disabled veterans, 78,116 law on pensions, 114 medical network, 30 medical progress, 78 memory of the war, 226 military medical examination, 121 prisoners of war, 130, 131, 279 propaganda, 42 prosthetics, 68, 80 psychiatric treatments, 99 reformists, 138 retraining, 160, 174, 247 Russian doctors trained in, 64 Russians in exile, 228 statistics, 25 veterans’ associations, 11, 197 welfare state, 138 fronts northern, 48, 65, 77 south-western, 31, 35,48, 65, 95 western, 32, 35,48, 95 Gagen-Torn, Ivan, 65, 66, 286 gangrene, 28, 62, 64, 65, 67, 103 Germany as model in medicine, 78
democracy, 195 disabled veterans, 116 doctors treating Russian soldiers, 60 economic competition with, 262 employment of disabled workers, 180 expertise on Russian disabled soldiers, 157 experts’ influence, 84 Germanophobia, 45, 81, 155 model for job monopoly, 176 model for workers’ insurance, 186 negotiating repatriation, 130,132 norms, 83 occupied Russian territories, 227 prisoners of war, 130 psychiatric treatments, 98 public opinion about disabled veterans, 161 repatriation, 83 Russian doctors trained in, 64, 69 Russian veterans in exile, 228 statistics, 25 statistics on Russian disabled soldiers, 129 tuberculosis, 25 veterans’ associations, 210, 226 war trauma, 92 Great Britain disabled children, 77 disabled veterans, 8, 24, 116, 218 Lenin (gift to), 265 medical progress, 59, 68, 78, 80 military justice, 48 philanthropy, 116 war trauma, 93 welfare state, 138 Great Patriotic War, 3, 6,41, 195, 210, 265, 293 Guchkov, Aleksandr, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 283
304 Index heroism, 5, 15, 19, 39, 40, 42, 221, 224, 267 hospital trains, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 55, 60, 134, 142 Inter-ministerial Committee on Disabled Veterans’ Affairs, 186,209,212,215,223, 238, 275, 277 International Labour Organization, 106 Italy, 78, 80, 116, 209 Jews, 4, 26, 47, 72, 148, 168, 209 Kaluga, 38, 150 Kazan, 4, 136, 137, 153, 154, 163, 181, 262, 287,288, 290 Kedrov, Dr Petr, 35, 122, 123, 286 Kerensky, Alexander, 128, 204, 211, 215, 225, 265 Kharkov, 33, 82, 96, 167, 171, 181, 286 Kiev, 26, 49, 50, 66, 79, 181, 247, 289 Kollontai, Alexandra, 222, 237, 240 Kostroma, 149, 190,219,225, 293 Kravkov, Vasilii, 34, 48, 198, 201,287 Krivtsov’s Extraordinary Commission of Enquiry on the ‘German atrocities’, viii, 23, 133, 134, 155, 156, 157, 242, 284 Kursk, 33, 120, 179,248 law on pensions (1912), 14, 18, 107, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 122, 123, 143, 186,215,218 Lenin, Vladimir Ilich, 3, 71, 84, 191, 217, 221, 223,225,226,229, 232, 240, 265, 276, 278 Leningrad, see Petrograd letters censored, 126, 202 of protest, 223 to authorities, 204, 253, 259 to family, 126, 224, 248, 249, 253, 256 to local soviet, 194 to local Unions of Maimed Soldiers, 186 to patrons, 120, 249 to philanthropists, 128 to Tsekuva from local unions, 207, 220 to Tsekuva from NKSO, 220 Mariinskii convalescent home, 67, 77, 79, 80, 83, 111, 120, 142, 284 marriage, 92,257 Maximilian Clinic, 81, 86, 184 Mensheviks, 194,211 Merkulov, Dr A. N., 71, 72, 181, 287 military justice, 48, 49, 51 military medical commissions, 121, 127, 271,282 Miliukov, Pavel, 109 Ministry of Commerce and Industry,
115, 166, 171, 185, 186 Ministry of Social Protection, 6, 185, 186, 213, 237 Ministry of the Interior, 171, 237 Ministry of War, 51, 122, 131 Minsk, 47, 49 Mishnin, Vasilii, 46, 201 Mordvinov, K. K., 77, 78, 82, 287 Moscow capital city, 126 cemetery, First World War fraternal, 226 charity, 150, 151, 188 conference on assistance to maimed soldiers, 70 disabled veterans, 119, 167, 169, 211 evacuation to, 33, 35, 36, 126, 133 hospitals, 36, 38, 49, 68, 70, 96, 104, 179, 200, 262 job market, 179,181, 182 medical network, 30 prosthetics production, 79 province, 49, 63, 125, 127, 172 repatriation centre, 36 retraining capital, 171, 190, 279 salary rates, 181 statistics, 71 veterans’ demonstration, 211 welfare, 79 Muslims, 4,275 mutilations, 10,23,26,40,44,47, 48, 51, 52, 62,64, 102, 161,296 Nicholas II, 1, 197 Nizhny Novgorod, 214, 240 nurses, 28, 32 Arapova, S. V, 119 Britneva, Mary, 40 disabled male nurse, 179 Empress Alexandra as, 142 in propaganda films, 56 inefficient, 59 inspecting POW camps, 40 on propaganda posters, 44 Semina, Khristina, 60, 61, 62, 199, 253, 254 with disabled veterans, 74, 125 Zakharova, Lidiia, 201 Odessa, 52, 181,246 officers
Index exempted, 123 facing justice, 51 heroic death in hospital, 200 in convalescence, 199 in literature, 17,28, 231,246 in propaganda, 41 prejudices, 47 privileged for assistance, 109, 178 privileged for care, 98, 133, 142 returned to units, 123 Tsar Nicholas II posing as, 142 united by suffering, 199 united in associations, 204,207 wounded, 123 Oppel, Vladimir, 7, 30, 61, 63, 64,65, 123 Orel, 33,38, 127, 189, 190 Osorgin, Mikhail, 17, 256 pain, 27 after operation, 1, 9, 71 as community bond, 194, 251 as medical concern, 59, 61, 102 denied, 52, 151 during operation, 65 during transportation, 29, 34, 55, 56, 102, 200 engaging emotions, 59 in propaganda, 34, 40 proof of heroism, 44, 132,200 recalled, 29, 60, 205 relief, 59, 199 self-censored, 60,62 silenced by psychiatric disorder, 100 simulated, 199 wounds, 58 patriotism associations, 205 bond, 108 demonstration, 221 disabled veteran, 223 doing charity, 151, 154 mocked by Bolsheviks, 234 opinion, 94 propaganda, 15, 43, 104, 140 revolutionary (in 1917), 211 reward for, 109, 110, 112,135 soldiers’, 40, 72,145 writer, 225,231 peasants addressing authorities, 194 agricultural illiteracy, 162 alcoholism, 100 average income, 118 Bolshevik class struggle between, 236 buried alive, 100 305 disabled veterans, 169, 176 doing charity, 149 facing military justice, 49 in films, 91, 92,250 inventing prosthetics, 82 lacking medical care, 63 land issue, 158,212 masculinity, 263 out of humanitarian reach, 150 perception of disability, 249 professional soldier, 100 propaganda among, 148 prosthetics, 86 religion, 103, 168 revolt, 158 rural
exodus, 176, 185, 191 solidarity, 252 studying, 167 thirst for knowledge, 165 women, 92, 107,258,259, 260 pensions amounts, 118, 134, 175,213, 218 Bolshevik conception, 174 categories, 110, 114, 123, 216 competition for, 241 defined by ILO, 116 denied, 123, 179,259 disabled workers, 220 discrimination, 222, 242 downgraded, 177,216 expertise, 216 for professional soldiers, 239 in countryside, 254 information, 120 insufficient, 84,135, 162, 177, 179,214, 220 investing, 127 laws, 14, 107, 113,236 network, 112,239, 248 not requested, 209, 224 old age, 115 Red veterans, 222,243 reduced, 232,244 reform, 109, 111, 186,214,215,216, 235 request, 124 right to, 27 Russo-Japanese War veterans, 21 state budget, 97, 143 timing, 118, 119 understood by veterans, 206, 213, 239, 240 woman veteran, 110 People’s Commissariat for State Assistance, 237 People’s Commissariat of Social Assistance, 190, 191, 192,219,236, 237,238, 241,244
306 Index Perm, 225 Petrograd conferences (experts), 98 convalescent homes, 67, 90 demonstrations, 49 disabled veterans, 167 disabled veterans’ activism, 203, 205, 206, 207,211,212 employment, 165, 181, 182 evacuation centre, 130 evacuation to, 29, 33, 60, 65 exhibitions, 80, 160 hospitals, 25,52,99,133,173,203,224,258 medical research, 99 prosthetics production, 79, 81 province, 236, 254, 255 repatriation to, 132, 133 retraining capital, 171 rural exodus, 126, 169 soldiers’ activism, 66, 202 Soviet, 192, 194,211 statistics, 25,71, 87 studying in, 166,172, 181 Union of Maimed Soldiers, 206 philanthropy before 1914, 145 hospitals/homes, 35, 38, 90 local notables, 139, 147, 148, 150, 172, 176 moral aspects, 46 private charity, 8, 127 propaganda, 1, 45, 55, 151, 163, 184 reform, 110, 113, 136, 145, 158, 178, 235,239 uniting communities, 15, 148, 153 veterans’ uses, 128, 162, 243 physiotherapy, 99, 103 Poland, 3, 32,226,227, 255,296 Preobrazhenskii, Dr Sergei, 52,53,71,99,100, 101, 122, 129, 130,288 Prishvin, Mikhail, 39, 198, 199,252,288 prisoners of war activism, 204 addressing to authorities, 129 average income, 118 camp inspections, 40, 130 civil war, 24 conditions, 129 death rate in camps, 131 disabled during captivity, 67, 83, 94, 129 discrimination, 242 exchange, 121, 128, 130, 132 investigation, 156 mass of, 25 medals for, 132 missing soldiers, 22 propaganda, 154, 155, 156, 157 recognised disabled by Germans, 129, 130, 157, 204 repatriated, 45, 107, 130, 131, 134, 156 rumours, 40 simulating disability, 52, 134 specific war experience, viii statistics, 26 unemployment,
182 unfit to work for German war effort, 129 propaganda about disabled veterans, 15, 41,43 heroism, 19 imperial, 142, 157 patriotic, 40 sanitary, 34, 35, 73 prosthetics and pension recalculation, 216 cost, 80 exhibition, 80 foreign models, 78, 79 in films, 2, 74 in industrial work, 86, 88 innovation, 76, 77, 80, 81, 82 modernisation, 81 production, 69, 74, 76, 78, 79, 80 propaganda, 76, 81 rights and duties, 83, 111 shortcomings, 74 suffering, 69 textbook (1917), 77 training, 76, 78 veterans needing, 80, 83, 84 veterans producing, 81, 82, 90 veterans’ perception about, 76 veterans’ requests, 120, 189 Provisional Government, 6, 15, 20, 109, 158, 185, 186, 203, 207, 208, 210, 211, 213, 214, 221, 235, 244, 272, 275, 276, 277 psychiatric disorders, 14 depression, 52, 85, 101,129, 177, 200, 201 hysteria, 25, 68, 95, 96, 233 loss of memory, 66, 95, 101 neuroses, 18, 25,42, 53, 68, 93, 95, 97, 99, 100, 101, 183,218 psychoses, 18, 53, 71, 93, 94, 95,96, 99, 134,218 Pussen, Dr L., 33, 70, 99, 288 Red Army assistance, 255 disabled veterans, 15, 201, 222, 242, 267 mobilisation, 4, 25 Red Cross, Russian Committee of the
Index competition with institutions, 145 conservatism, 72, 142, 144 efficiency, 18 evacuation by, 21 history, 55, 144 hospitals, 22, 31, 33, 98 network, 144 prisoners of war, 128, 130, 131 statistics, 22 triage, 36 refugees competing with veterans, 182,251,252 disabled veteran, 181 identity, 278 in propaganda posters, 45 relief, 1, 142, 144, 148 suspicion, 46 transfer, 127 war victims, 43, 138 rehabilitation, 9,10, 13, 15, 56, 67, 74, 82, 84, 85, 91, 116, 133, 139, 162, 176,218, 275, 280,290, 298 retraining access, 160, 165 as accountants, 166, 169, 171 as agricultural supervisors, 60, 167, 169, 170, 171, 223 as craftsmen, 86,164 as rural clerks, 171 choice, 170 diploma, 169 disabled workers, 87 discipline, 172 elitist, 164, 181 employment, 166, 169, 173, 175 in foreign countries, 175 interrupted, 87, 161, 181 organisation, 165, 171 prerequisites, 165, 166 programmes, 82,87,160,165,166,173,190 reluctant veterans, 175 right to, 213 schedule, 172 selective, 173 selective geography, 171 short, 162 shortcomings, 171 Soviet reform, 186 state involvement, 171, 174 voluntarism, 169 revolutions February 1917, 5, 9, 32, 116, 122, 158, 196, 202,203,210,213, 222,223,224, 225, 234, 240, 255, 261, 265, 274, 281 October 1917, 95, 215, 234, 237 307 Riga, 127, 167 rights as patients, 94 civil, 207, 208, 219 fight for, 15, 106, 127, 187,213 for prosthetics, 84 individualisation, 107, 112, 120 international, 116 knowledge of, 120 legislation, 112 political, 212, 243 popularisation, 119 specific types, 14, 218 to health, 14, 56, 59, 71 undercut, 177 Rostov-on-Don, 33, 182,212 Russian Invalid,
The (newspaper), 109, 111, 166, 178, 197, 226 Russo-Japanese War accounts, 28 defeats, 4 disabled veterans, 19,90, 108,114, 143,275 history, 30 lessons from, 52, 97 literature, 246 military medicine, 58 mobilisation, 4 philanthropy, 143 veterans, 14, 41, 48, 53, 64, 104, 109, 112, 197, 246 war effort, 140 war experience, 27, 58, 77,270 war trauma, 93 wounds, 28 St George, Cross of, holder, 17, 45,104, 154, 176, 181,205, 223,225 St Petersburg, see Petrograd Samara, 80, 167, 190 self-inflicted wounds, 14, 39, 40, 46, 47, 50, 54 Semashko, Nikolai, 24, 237, 289 Shakhovskoi, Dmitrii, 109 shell-shock, 92,96 Shenvert, Dr Alfred, 66, 289 Siberia, 201 simulation, 14,40,46,47,48, 52, 54, 93 Smolensk, 125, 134, 224 social assistance from tsarist state, 113 in villages, 255 nationalisation, 239 network, 238,239 organisation, 63, 70, 145 progressive discourse, 23
308 Index social assistance (cont.) solicitors, 107 Soviet laws, 242 through work, 86,158, 164, 172,185, 186, 191,213 welfare state, 190, 191, 210, 215, 232, 267 soldatid (soldiers’ wives), 107, 258, 261 Special Commission on Aid to Soldiers and Other Victims of the War, 63 Special Committee of the Supreme Council, 79 Stalin, Iosif Vissarionovich, 223, 225, 265, 266 Stepun, Fedor, 199,200 Stockholm Conference (1917), 130, 131 Supreme Council for Aid to Families and Soldiers Who Are War Victims, 31,79,80, 88, 142, 185 surgery amateurism, 61 at front, 32, 77 brain, 65, 66, 99 consent, 60 convalescence, 125 decision to operate, 65 democratised, 63 effective, 65 innovation, 63, 99 lack of norms, 67 modern equipment, 65 neurosurgery, 70 on face, 68, 69 operations per day, 63, 64, 65 patients’ psychology, 59, 66 patients’ death, 99 refusal, 125 reoperation, 38, 65, 66, 101 shortcomings, 30 timing, 32, 64 trepanation, 32, 64, 66 syphilis, 52, 95, 259 Tambov, 214, 240 Tornio, 130, 132, 156 tuberculosis, 25, 43, 52, 68, 72, 90, 129, 132, 133, 149, 224 Tula, 49, 172,190, 251 Turner, Dr Genrikh, 7, 60, 71, 77, 78, 80, 169 Tver, 171, 190 Ukraine, 26, 117, 167, 172, 287 Union of Disabled Russian Veterans Abroad, 228 Union of Severely Wounded Combatants in Petrograd’s convalescent homes, 67 Varnin, Efim, 168, 170,209,211,223 Veresaev, Vikentii, 27,28, 34, 93, 290 villages assembly, 206 convalescence, 251 disabled delegates, 209 economy, 158 employment, 170 home for disabled veterans, 149 hostility to veterans, 236 mobilisation, 3, 248 patronage for disabled persons, 249 pensions, 214
prisoners of war, 252 school, 167, 168, 176 solidarity, 255 veterans’ isolation, 254 Vinokurov, Aleksandr, 222, 237, 240, 241 Volunteer Battalion of Maimed Soldiers, 212 Vreden, Roman, 7 Wilhelm II, 42, 98, 221 working conditions, 15 workshops and housing, 164 artels, 189 charity, 79, 139 conditions, 81, 172 discipline, 172 history, 188 in films, 2, 74 learning, 181 life earning, 128 main trades, 164, 190 network, 190 producing prostheses, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 86 productivity, 173 publicity for, 172 reintegration, 173 veterans’ strategies, 90 work therapy, 58 Yugoslavia, 195, 196, 228, 279, 296 Zemgor, 18 activists, 139 and American Red Cross, 30 and Russian army, 31 competition with institutions, 35, 142, 145 conceptions about disabled veterans, 62, 70, 181,250 hospital trains, 36
Index hospitals, 71 propaganda for, 34 statistics, 208, 218 zemstvos employing disabled veterans, 82 expertise, 138, 209 hospitals, 33, 38, 52, 94, 149 309 humanitarian aid, 144, 266 liberalism, 140 network, 144, 149,249, 266 prosthetics exhibition, 82 school, 168, 261 statistics, 3, 23, 63, 108, 185, 208 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV047447046 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:02:32Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:12:23Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781316517741 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032849098 |
| oclc_num | 1296600493 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-521 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-521 |
| physical | xii, 309 Seiten 11 Illustrationen (schwarz-weiß) |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220603 BSBWK1 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Studies in the social and cultural history of modern warfare |
| spelling | Sumpf, Alexandre 1977- Verfasser (DE-588)1027526470 aut The broken years russia's disabled war veterans, 1904-1921 Alexandre Sumpf (University of Strasbourg) Cambridge ; New York ; Port Melbourne ; New Delhi ; Singapore Cambridge University Press 2022 xii, 309 Seiten 11 Illustrationen (schwarz-weiß) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Studies in the social and cultural history of modern warfare Geschichte 1904-1921 gnd rswk-swf Kriegsbeschädigter (DE-588)4165681-7 gnd rswk-swf Politisches Handeln (DE-588)4128597-9 gnd rswk-swf Soziales System (DE-588)4055764-9 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Kriegsbeschädigter (DE-588)4165681-7 s Politisches Handeln (DE-588)4128597-9 s Soziales System (DE-588)4055764-9 s Geschichte 1904-1921 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-009-04729-6 (DE-604)BV047945656 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032849098&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032849098&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032849098&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Sumpf, Alexandre 1977- The broken years russia's disabled war veterans, 1904-1921 Kriegsbeschädigter (DE-588)4165681-7 gnd Politisches Handeln (DE-588)4128597-9 gnd Soziales System (DE-588)4055764-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4165681-7 (DE-588)4128597-9 (DE-588)4055764-9 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | The broken years russia's disabled war veterans, 1904-1921 |
| title_auth | The broken years russia's disabled war veterans, 1904-1921 |
| title_exact_search | The broken years russia's disabled war veterans, 1904-1921 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The broken years russia's disabled war veterans, 1904-1921 |
| title_full | The broken years russia's disabled war veterans, 1904-1921 Alexandre Sumpf (University of Strasbourg) |
| title_fullStr | The broken years russia's disabled war veterans, 1904-1921 Alexandre Sumpf (University of Strasbourg) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The broken years russia's disabled war veterans, 1904-1921 Alexandre Sumpf (University of Strasbourg) |
| title_short | The broken years |
| title_sort | the broken years russia s disabled war veterans 1904 1921 |
| title_sub | russia's disabled war veterans, 1904-1921 |
| topic | Kriegsbeschädigter (DE-588)4165681-7 gnd Politisches Handeln (DE-588)4128597-9 gnd Soziales System (DE-588)4055764-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kriegsbeschädigter Politisches Handeln Soziales System Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032849098&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032849098&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032849098&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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