The Routledge handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe: political, economic, and cultural relations
"The Routledge Handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe offers a comprehensive overview of the Mongols' military, political, socio-economic and cultural relations with Central and Eastern European nations between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. The Mongol Empire was the l...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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London ; New York
Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
2021
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| Schriftenreihe: | Routledge history handbooks
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| Zusammenfassung: | "The Routledge Handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe offers a comprehensive overview of the Mongols' military, political, socio-economic and cultural relations with Central and Eastern European nations between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous land empire in history, and one which contributed to the establishment of political, commercial and cultural contacts between all Eurasian regions. The Golden Horde, founded in Eastern Europe by Chinggis Khan's grandson, Batu, in the thirteenth century, was the dominant power in the region. For two hundred years, all of the countries and peoples of Central and Eastern Europe had to reckon with a powerful centralized state with enormous military potential. Some chose to submit to the Mongols whilst others defended their independence, but none could avoid the influence of this powerful empire. In this book, twenty-five chapters examine this crucial period in Central-Eastern European history, including trade, confrontation, and cultural and religious exchange between the Mongols and their neighbours. This book will be an essential reference for scholars and students of the Mongols, as well those interested in the political, social and economic history of medieval Central-Eastern Europe |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xx, 524 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9780367409326 9781032044231 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS List offigures ix List of abbreviations xii List of contributors XV Introduction: from the Great Western campaign to the decline of the Golden Horde: new tendencies in the study of the Mongol factor in the history of Eastern and East Central Europe 1 Alexander V. Maiorov and Roman Hautala PARTI Before and after the Great Western Campaign 1 Omens of the apocalypse: the first Rus’ encounter with the Mongols through the prism of the Medieval mind 13 15 Fedor N. Veselov 2 Diplomacy, war, and a witch: peace negotiations before the Mongol invasion of Rus’ 36 Alexander V. Maiorov 3 The Mongol invasions of Poland in the thirteenth century: the current state of knowledge and perspectives for future research 82 Witold Swiętoslawski 4 Mongol inroads into Hungary in the thirteenth century: investigating some unexplored avenues Stephen Pow v 98
Contents 5 The Bohemian Kingdom and the Mongol ‘invasion’ of 1241 119 Tomás Somer PART II The Mongols and Central Europe 135 6 Mongol attack on the upper Hungary in 1285 137 Míchal Holeíčák 7 Mongol-Hungarian encounters in the fourteenth century 161 István Vásáry 8 The Polish-Mongol conflict over succession of the Halych and Volhynian Principality in the middle of the fourteenth century 175 Roman Hautala PART III The Mongols and Southeastern Europe 189 9 Byzantium and the Mongol world: contacts and interaction (from Batu to Tamerlane) 191 Alexander Nikolov 10 A century of the Tatars’ ‘hegemony’: the Golden Horde and Bulgarian lands (1241—1341) 212 Aleksandar Uzelac PART IV The Golden Horde and Russia 233 11 Basqaqs in Rus’: social strategy of power 235 Adrian Jusupović 12 From supreme judge to arbitrator: conflicts of Rus’ princes under the Golden Horde khans’ trial (case studies) 249 Roman Iu. Pochekaev 13 The Muscovite Rus’ and the Tatar states in the second half of the fifteenth century: the main trends of relations Maxim V. Moiseev vi 267
Contents 14 The Turks in the Grand Principality of Moscow: migrations, services, and material allowance 291 Andrey V. Belyakov PART V The Golden Horde and Lithuania 309 15 The Lithuanians and the Tatars: confrontation from a safe distance and vested interests in the common ground 311 Darius Baronas 16 A Lithuanian embassy to the Golden Horde in 1348: the background and consequences 321 Moshe Grinberg 17 Expansion of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the middle and the second half of the fourteenth century and its relations with the Horde 340 Vladyslav Gulevych 18 The Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Kingdom of Poland, and the Tatar World in the fifteenth century 368 Vladyslav Gulevych PART VI Trade and economic relations 389 19 The economics of Mongol rule in Rus’, 1237—1350 391 Lawrence N. Langer 20 Armenian diasporas between the Golden Horde, Rus’, and Poland: long-distance trade and diplomatic services 405 Alexandr Osipian 21 Genoa and Venice in the Golden Horde: politics, trade, and society 425 Lorenzo Pubblici PART VII Cultural exchange and church-religious interaction 447 22 Alexander the Great and other personages in the ‘Tale of the Battle against Mamai’ 449 Dmitrij M. Bulanin vii
Contents 23 From monstrous creatures to neighbouring humans: image of the Mongols in the European book miniatures of the thirteenth-sixteenth centuries Fedor N. Veselov 24 Between the politics of accommodation and independence: Rus’, the Mongols, and the church, 1237—1350 Lawrence N. Langer 25 Islamization of the Golden Horde during the Özbeg Khan’s rule according to Muslim, Latin, and Rus’ sources Roman Hautala Index
INDEX Note: Italic page numbers refer to figures and page numbers followed by “n” denote endnotes. Abaqa Khan 202, 203 Abbasid caliph 199 Abd ur֊Rahman 111 Abu al-Hasan Ali ihn Uthman 183 Acropolites, George 194, 199 ad-Dawla, Hasan Jalal 47 Ahmad Khan 8, 271-2, 274-5, 277, 281, 301, 375-6 Ahmat (basqaq) 237, 238 Akchurin, Maksum M. 302 Akherovich, Peter 15 Aknerts‘i, Grigor: History of the Nation of the Archers 23, 24 Akropolites, George 212 Aladdin Kayqubad I, Seljuq Sultan 192-3 Alba Transsiluania 153 Albrecht of Sternberg 124-6 Aleksandr Mikhailovich 344, 507-8 Aleksandr Nevskii 252-3, 396, 458, 488, 490-2; and the Mongol tribute 493-4; and rule of Great Khan Möngke 493 AlexanderJagiellon, Grand Duke ofLithuania 279 Alexander Romance 25 Alexander the Great 10, 16, 22, 25, 27, 192, 200, 449-60, 452, 454, 456-7, 459-60 Alexandreis (Quilichino of Spoletto) 16, 22 Alexandria 427, 430; galleys for 438 Alexios II Grand Comnenus 205 Alexis I Komnenos, Byzantine emperor 427 Algirdas, Grand Duke ofLithuania 341, 368 Allsen, Thomas 36, 65, 392-5 Amosov, A. 477 Andreev, Iushka 269 Andrei Aleksandrovich 488, 506 Andrew III, King of Hungary 149, 219 513 Andronicus II, Byzantine Emperor 496 Andronicus III Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor 204 Andronicus II Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor 204-5 Andronikos II, Byzantine ruler 139, 223 Andronikos Tarchaneiote 216 Annates Capituli Posnanensis and Chronica Poloniae Maioris 84 Annaks Posnanknses 1178 Annaks seu cronícae incliti Regni Poloniae (Długosz) 82, 91 Annab of Schäftlarn Abbey on the Isar 16 Annals of Tewkesbury Abbey 16 Annab of the
Abbey of Saint-Médard de Soíssons 16 Annals of Waverley Abbey 26 Annals or Chronicles of the Famous Kingdom of Poland 473 Anthony of Novgorod 18 Antonovich, V. B. 324, 325 Aparantsi, Mekhitar 410 Apocrypha 21 Apostolicae sollicitudinis (Pope Benedict XII) 180 Aqbugha, Husayn b. 49 Arakcheev, V. A. 268 Arewcltsh, Vardan: Colophon on the Mongols 24 Armenian Church 407 Armenian church of the Holy Sign (Surb Nshan) 408 Armenian communities: of Azaq 406, 408; of Krim 406; and places of commercial activity in Eastern Europe 407; of Sarai 406, 409; in Volga basin 416 Armenian diaspora 409; between Golden Horde, Rus’, and Poland 405-17
Index Armenian merchants 405, 406; of Crimea 410; in the Danube delta 409; diplomatic services provided by 413—16; and Golden Horde’s ruling elite 413; network in trade between Golden Horde and neighbour states 412-13; and Polish kings 415; and trade in luxury goods 413 Armenian migration: to the Golden Horde 406—10; to the lands of Rus’ 410-12 Armenian monastery of the Holy Cross (Surb Khach) 408, 409 Armenians 410, 436 Ascelin of Lombardy 56, 67 al-Athir, Ibn 22, 27, 28 Atlamush, Tatar prince 164—5 Atwood, Christopher 111 Augustine of Hippo 465 Austro-Turkish War 122 Avag, Atabeg 47 Avraam Armenian 411-12 ‘Awfi (‘Ufi), Muhammad 22 Azbelev, S. N. 352 Bazilevich, K. V. 272, 276, 278 Beckovský, Jan František 121 Beklimishev, N. V. 280 Bela IV, Hungarian king 4, 46, 63, 98, 102, 105, 124, 137, 142, 145, 147, 475; and city of Zvolen people 151; and Liptov castle 150; and Mongols invasion 213 Belarusian-Lithuanian chronicles 341, 347 Benjamin of Tudela 106 Berdedat bin Khudaidat, Chinggisid prince 295 Berdibeg Khan 163, 340, 346, 413 Berezin, I. N. 67 Berke, Jochid leader 215 Bezzola, Gian Andri 191 Bishop Serapion of Vladimir 489, 495 Black Death 12, 321, 328, 330, 401, 497 Black Plague 433, 439 Black Sea 7, 9, 154, 215; characters of the Western emporia of 434-9 Bocek, Antonin 127, 130 The Bohemian Chronide (Kronyka Czeska) (Václav Hájek of Libocany) 126 Book of Questions (Vardapet) 24 Book of the Prophet Daniel 453 Borsa, Roland 152 Boyle, J. A. 101 de Bridia, C. 52-3, 57, 84 Broadbridge, Anne F. 44 Buchier, William 101 Buddhism 488 Bulgarian Kingdom 5; and Chaka 220-1; and
Cumans 212; death of Ivan Asen II 212; Mongols invasion of 213—14; relations with the Tatars 216; Tatars in service 220-1 bulghaq, 163 Būri, Chaghatayid senior prince 99-102 Buzurg, Hasan-i 49 Byzantine Christianity 465 Byzantine Empire 20, 51, 154, 426-7; between the Golden Horde and the Ilkhanids 199-205; map of 193; and Tamerlane 205-7 Byzantine Orthodoxy 479 Byzantines 479, 486n94 Ba’atur, Yisügei 50 Baghdad Khatun 49 Balard, Michel 411 Balbin, Bohuslav 121; Epitome historka rerum Bohemicarum 126 Baltic Crusaders 324 Banzarov, Dorzhi 67 Barbaro, Giosafat 439 Bartolomej Paprocký ofHlohol 126 the basqaqs 6, 236-41; legal standing of 241-2 Battle ofBlue Waters 350; and its significance 348-50 Battle of Grunwald 369 Battle of Hattin 428 Battle of Kulikovo 10, 352, 400, 449-51, 454, 457, 508; and Lithuanian-Horde’s relations under Toqtami sh Khan 351-4 Battle of Liegnitz 100 Battle of Mochi 67 Battle of Mohi 120 Battle of Muhi 102 Battle of Streva 324 Battle of the Kalka River 45 Battle of the Ugra River 391 Battle of Vorskla 8, 374 Batu Khan 2-4, 12, 23, 195; in Great Western Campaign 71; negotiations with Ryazan princes 41—3, 52-4; and Northeast Rus’ 40-1; peace negotiations with the Ryazan princes 60-1; and Polish lands invasions 84; and Prince Fedor’s wife 48—52; tactics of deception and provocation 61-3 Bautier, Robert H. 428 Bayezid I, Ottoman Sultan 206 Callistus I, Patriarch of Constantinople 347 Carpathians 4, 88, 100, 137, 140, 154, 410 Casimir III, King of Poland 335n39, 351, 410; campaign in 1349 344; death of 346; and Duchy of Russia 342; Halychyna conquered by
410; and Janibeg 327, 345; Lviv, captured by 342; and Pope Clement VI 344—5; success of 343; and Tatar devastation 345; and Tatars 317 Casimir III, Polish king 5, 7, 90, 162, 173; invasion of Halychyna 178-9, 184-5; and Janibeg Khan 184 514
Index Casimir IV, Polish King 373; and Crimean Khan 375; and Crimean Khanate 377; double-faced policy of 376; and Great Horde 375-6; and Iwaszko of Lviv 415; and Lithuanian Grand Duke Žygimantas 372; and Mangli Giray 376-7; relations between Mangli Giray and 376-7; and Vasilii II 373 Castrum Salis 141-2 Catholicism 344, 509n2 Catholic Kingdom of Lithuania, collapse of 314 Catholic missionaries 504 Central European Medieval art, and Mongols 470-5 Chaka of Bulgaria 220-1 Chalcedonite Armenians 409-10 Chang De 114 Charles I of Anjou 202-3 Charles I of Hungary 162, 166, 181-2 Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor 125, 470 Charles VI of France 206 Chekin, L. 20 Cherniavsky, Michael 490 Chernihiv principality 8 Chernihiv-Severian Principality 346 Chiledü, Yeke 50 China 36, 102-3, 162-3, 240, 242, 391-6, 399, 405, 431-3, 438, 491, 503 Chinggisids 44-5, 50-1, 57, 59-60, 251, 268, 270, 275-6, 291, 294-300, 302; dynasties 163; on family and marriage relations 57; marriage proposals 48; marriages 44-5; in Rus’ lands 6-7; and Western Campaign 71; women and men 44 Chinggis Khan 2, 3, 7, 21-2, 25, 28, 36-7, 275, 294, 487; and confederation system 44; conquest of Central Asia 60; execution of people violating oath of allegiance 55; marriages of 44; and Princess Chaqa 44; and Princess Qiguo 44; use of marriage in subjugation 44; Yasa (law code) 49 Chou Shu 25 Christianity 504; Byzantine 465 Christiansen, E. 323 Chronica Hungaromm (Thuróczy) 10, 475 Chronica Majora (Paris) 466-9 Chronica Majora of Matthew Paris 466 Chronica Pietum 474, 475 Chronicle of Baldwin of Brabant 16 Chronicle of George
Hamartolos 476 ‘Chronicle ofLouis the Great’ 163 Chronicle of Lucca (Sercambi) 474 Chronicle of Michael the Syrian 24 Chronicle of Pereyaslavľ Yuzhny 18 Chronicle of the Crypt Monastery 19 Chronicle of the Kingdom of Poland (Długosz) 125 Chronicles of the Famous Kingdom of Poland 473 Chronicle Story of the Battle of Kulikovo 451 515 Chronicon Polonorum (Jan of Czarnków) 178 church and the Yarliq 494—7 Cleaves, F. W. 25 Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae 129 Codex of Lubin 91 Collection of Stories and Illustrations of History (Muhammad ‘Awfi (‘Ufi)) 22 Collection ofYarliqs to the Rus’ Metropolitans 504-5 Colophon on the Mongols (Arewelts i) 24 The Compendium of Chronicles (al-Din) 25, 101 ‘Congress of European Monarchs’ 370 Conrad II of Czersk 141 Constantine Tikh, Bulgarian Tsar 201, 203, 215-16, 217 Constantinople 430; Latin conquest of 489; Turkish conquest of 453 court in Golden Horde: and end of Murom principality 256-7 craftsmen, Mongol demand for 394 Crimea 1, 6-9, 112, 165, 201, 212, 221, 259, 268-9, 271-2, 275, 278-2, 295-8, 301, 354, 368-9, 399-401, 407-16, 433, 436-9 Crimean Khanate 259, 272, 280, 407; conflicting interests of 374-6; foundation of 372-3; and Grand Duchy of Lithuania 374-6; Grand Duchy of Lithuania reconciling with 377-9; and Great Horde 374-6; Russian state and 280-1; struggle against Sayyid Ahmad II 373-4 Crimean-Lithuanian agreement 280 Crimean Tatars 121 crusades 426-7 Crypt Monastery 19 the Cumans (the Polovtsians) 3, 10, 19, 29; and Bulgaria 212; conversion to Christianity 69; nomadic 138—9; origins of 20; of Prince Kiiten 161-2; and
Rus’ principalities 19; settlement in Thrace and Macedonia 194-5 Damascene, John 465 Daniil of Galicia 250, 252 Daniil Romanovich, Halych Prince 175, 176, 240 Danilo, Prince of Ostrog 343 Danilo II, Serbian archbishop 220 daruga 242 d’Auvergne, Guillaume 26 David Narini, Georgian king 252 David Ulu, Georgian king 252 David VII, Georgian king 47 David VIII, Georgian king 47, 253 Dedko, Dmitro 181—3 Deeds of the Trevians (‘Gesta Treverorum’) 16 Demetre II, king of Eastern Georgia 47 Demetrius II 47 desert of‘Ethrib’ (Yathrib) 16 Despoiate of Epirus 192
Index DeWeese, D. 25 al-Din, Jalal 22 al-Dîn, Rashid 25, 51, 53, 55, 58, 64-5, 99-102, 106, 213, 216 diplomatic contacts: Moscow and Kazan 268—9; of Muscovite state with Tatar states 268-1; Russian-Nogai relations 269—80; Russian state and Crimean Khanate 280-1 diplomatic services by Armenian merchants 413-16 Długosz, Jan 3, 82-9, 91-2, 95, 125,168, 179—80; Annales seu cronkae inditi Regni Poloniae 82, 91; Chronide of die Kingdom ofPoland 125 Dmitrii Aleksandrovich 488 Dmitrii Donskoi, Grand prince 9, 257, 293, 399-401, 450, 452, 454, 458-9, 491 Dmitrii Mikhailovich 507 Drugeth, Vilmos 182 Dubravius, Johannes: Históriáé Regni Boiemiae 126 Duchy of Sandomierz 83 dynastie marriages: and Michael VIII Palaeologus, Emperor of Nicaea 202; in the political system of Mongol Empire 43—5 Eastern Europe: Armenian communities and places of commercial activity in 407; Central and 1; Golden Horde, founded in 12; Mongol power in 163 economics of Mongol rule in Rus’ 391-401 Emmausskii, A. V. 18 Empire of Nicaea 192—4; invasion of Constantinople 215; and Mongols 195—9 Enkhbold, H. 393 Epistle to the Lament upon the Destruction of the Hungary by the Tartars 475 Epitome historica rerum Bohemicarum (Balbin) 126 Ermolin’s Chronicle 504 Etiigen Eke 67 European aristocracy 428 European maritime hegemony 428 European Scythians 194 Eximiae devotionis (Pope Benedict XII) 178, 179, 181-2 family confederation: and Chinggis Khan 44; and West 45-7 Fennell, J. 325, 392 Feodor Glebovich, Prince 327 Fiamma, Galvano 183 Filevich, I. P. 342 Finno-Ugric tribe 292 First Chronicle of Novgorod 17, 18—19, 24, 28,
39-43, 47, 63, 65-7, 237 First Crusade 428; until 1204 427-8 Fletcher, Joseph 110 Fourth Crusade 489; and reassessment of shared spaces 428-31 516 Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor 428 Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor 467 Frederick II Hohenstaufen, Holy Roman Emperor 23, 28 Friar John ofPlano Carpini 311-12 Friar William of Rubruck 394 Friesach Annals 102 The Fundamental Principles of Mongol Law (Riasanovsky) 487 Galician-Volhynian Chronicle 250-1 Galicia-Volhynian principality 250 Gallery of Polish Kings 181 Ganjakec i, Kirakós 23, 24, 26, 39; History of Armenia 23, 39 Gediminas, Grand Duke 315, 340 Genghis Khan 473—4; see also Chinggis Khan Genoa: during the epidemic outbreak 439; in Golden Horde 425-40 Genoese emporia on Northern Black Sea coast 431-4 Genoese fortress of Caflfa (Feodosia) 435 Genoese-Venetian war 413 George, son of Simon 141-2 George I Terter, Bulgarian Tsardom 139, 203-4, 218-19 ‘German (Magdeburg) Law’ 9 ‘German Law’ (‘Magdeburg Law’) 417 Ghazan, Ilkhan, Mongol Empire ruler 205, 253 Gippius, A. A. 18, 19, 20 Glebovich, Fedor 256 Gleb Sviatoslavich of Briansk 256 Gog and Magog 22—3, 26-7, 192 Golden Horde 3, 4, 5—6, 46, 163; before 1340 175-8; Armenian migration to 406-10; and Byzantium 199-205; case of Tana 434—9; and Casimir III 175; before the crusades 426-7; dissolution of 7; First Crusades until 1204 427-8; founding of 12; Fourth Crusade and reassessment of shared spaces 428-31; Genoa and Venice in 425-40; Genoese emporia on Northern Black Sea coast 431-4; Islamization of, during Özbeg Khan 501-9; Latin sources about ulus ofjochi 503-4; Lithuanian
embassy to 321-30; Nogai influence 218; Özbeg’s ascension 501-3; Özbeg’s ascension in Rus’ sources 504-5; and Poland 8; tale of Mikhail of Tver’ 505-7; Tver’ uprising of 1327 or ‘Tale ofShcholkan’ 507—9; Venetian emporia on Northern Black Sea coast 431-4; Western emporia of Black Sea 434-9 Golden Horde basqaqs 252 Gorskii, A. A. 39, 295, 325, 327 Grammatikos, Theodore 213 Grand Duchy of Lithuania 7, 9, 280, 281—2, 284; Battle ofBlue Water 348-50; Battle of Kulikovo Field 351-4; conflicting interests
Index of 374—6; consolidation of Koriat’s sons in Podillia 350-1; and defeat of Great Horde 377-9; and Great Horde 374-6; inclusion of Chernihiv-Severian land in Lithuania 346-7; inclusion of Kyivan land in Lithuania 347-8; Lithuanian expansion in Volhynia 341-3; Lithuanian-Horde’s relations under Toqtamish Khan 351-4; Lithuanian military offensive on Tatar possessions 354-5; in middle and second half of fourteenth century 340-55; reconciling with Crimean Khanate 377—9; relations with the Horde 340-55; and sons of Lithuanian prince Koriat in Podillia 343-5; struggle against Sayyid Ahmad II 373—4; in thirteenth to fifteenth centuries 329; wars of Poland and Hungary with Lithuania and Tatars 345-6 Grand Duke of Lithuania 368—9 Grand Principality of Moscow: Meshchera Tatars 292-4; Muscovite Tatars 291-2; serving Tatar tsars and princes 294-302; Turks in 291-302 Great Horde: conflicting interests of 374—6; and Crimean Khanate 374-6; and Grand Duchy of Lithuania 374-6; Grand Duchy of Lithuania attempting defeat of 377—9; military conflicts with 281—4; Russian state 281-4 Great Menology of Metropolitan Macarius 465 Great Principality of Moscow 268—9, 285 Great Western Campaign 36, 58, 64-5, 68-71, 466 The Great Yasa (Morgan) 49 Greek-Orthodox Synaxarion 407 Greeks 436, 478 Greenblatt, Stephen 405 Gregoras, Nicephorus 194 Gregoras, Nikephoros 212, 311 Grekov, LB. 345 Grigor’ev, A. P. 275 Grousset, René 21, 99, 110 Gustynskaia Chronicle 348 Güyük Khan 53, 59-60, 99, 110-11, 239 Hajji Giräy Khan 301, 372—3 Halperin, Charles 46, 235 Halych and Volhynian Principality 8, 175, 343, 345;
before 1340 175—8; Batu Khan conquest of 175—6; Casimir Ill’s invasion of 180; crisis of 1340-1 178-83 Halych-Volhynian Chronicle 140, 150, 153-4, 176, 236, 239-42, 312 Hamadâni, Rashid al-Dîn Fadlullah: Jâmi alTawârtkh (the Compendium of Chronicles) 38 von Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph 105, 106, 254 Hanka, Václav 127 Hanseatic League 9 517 Hašek, Jaroslav 119 Hebraeus, Bar 195 Hedwig codex 470 Hellenic and Roman Chronicle 454, 455 Henry II the Pious, Duke of Wroclaw 3, 84-9, 91, 95, 100, 120, 470-1 Hethoum I, Cilician Armenian King 197 He’tum: La Flor des Estoires de la Terre d’Orient 25, 473 Hetum I, King of Cilician Armenia 47 Históriáé Regni Boiemiae (Dubravius) 126 History ofArmenia (Ganjakec’i) 23, 39 History of Michael the Syrian 24 History of the Nation of the Archers (Aknerts’i) 23, 24 Hö’elün 50 Honorable Word of Leo Philologist 459 Horde: attempt to preserve unity of 369-70; Crimean Khanate, foundation of 372-3; Crimean ruler and Horde’s Khan 370-1; struggle for supremacy in Horde and its dissolution 370-1; Toqtamish Khan 368-9; ‘western’ Horde, split of 371-2 Hostýn, Moravia 121—3 Hrushevsky, M. S. 347 Hungarian Angevin Legendary 473 Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle 10 Hungary: Borsod, Abaúj, Gomor, Hont, and Zemplén counties 148-50; Mongol attack on upper, in 1285 137-55, 139; Mongols routes of entry and withdrawal, during the 1241-2 campaign 99-109, 104; Mongols withdrawal, and Ögedei Khan death 109-15; Sáros county 141-4; Szepés county 145-8; Zólyom county 150-2 Hypathian Chronicle 17, 18, 29 Hystoria Tartarorum 83-4, 87-8 Iaroslav Vsevolodovich, Grand Duke of
Vladimir 311 Ibaq ibn Mahmudek 275 Ibn Taghri-Birdi 212 iconoclasm 465 Igorevich, Yuri 44 Ilkhanid Persia 315 Ilkhanids 199-205 Illuminated Chronicle 153, 476-80 Illuminated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible 11, 475 Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible 451 Iltutmish, Shamsu-d din 22 Ingvarevich, Yuri 41 Ishmaelites 23, 24; as godless Cumans 24 Islamization of Golden Horde during Özbeg Khan 501-9 Iurii Danilovich 506-7 Iurii II Bolesław, prince of the Halych and Volhynia 175, 177-8, 182, 342
Index Iurii I of Halych 314 Iurii Koriatovich, Prince 346 Iurii Lvovich, Halych Prince 176 Ivan Alexander ofBulgaria 224 Ivan Asen II, Bulgarian Emperor 212, 213 Ivan Asen III ofBulgaria 217-18 Ivan Danilovich 321 Ivan Danilovich Kalita 507 Ivan Iaroslavich, Grand Prince 292 Ivan III, Grand Duke of Moscow 6, 8 Ivan III Vasil’evich, Great Prince 268—9, 391 Ivan I Kalita, Emperor 397, 491, 496, 497 Ivan IV ‘the Terrible’ 391 Ivan the Fair 328 Ivan the Terrible 456, 458 Izz al-Din Kaikaus II 252 Izzeddin Kaykawus II, Sultan ofRûm 197, 198-9, 201 John VII Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 207 John VI Kantakouzenos, Byzantine Emperor 183, 221, 343 Jorga, N. 350 Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor 126 Julian, Friar 16, 28, 37, 64, 69-70; Letter about the [way of] life of the Tartars 15; Letter of 1238 26 Juvayni, Atâ-Malek 53-4, 58; Tarîkh-i Jahângushâ (the History of the World Conqueror) 38 Juzjani, Minhaj al-Din 22, 53 Kalika, Vasilii 252 Kaliman Asen 215 Kam 67 Kantakouzenos, John 224 Karamzin, N. M. 40, 292, 325, 326 Kaykhusraw II, Sultan of Rum 197 Kazakh Khanate 267 Kazan and Moscow 268-9 Kazan Chronicle 454, 456-8 Kazan Khanate 6, 267-72, 274, 276-9, 281, 283, 285, 295, 297 Kazimierz the Great 90 Keenan, Edward 457 Khoroshkevich, Anna L. 280-1, 298, 299 Khrustalev, D. G. 21 Khudiakov, M. G. 276 Khwarazmshah Muhammad 26-7 Kichi Muhammad Khan 372 al-Kindi, Abu Yusuf Ya qub ibn ’Ishaq as-Sabbah 23 Kingdom of Hungary 46, 64, 88, 119—20; Borsod, Abaúj, Gomor, Hont, and Zemplén counties 148-50; Mongol attack on upper, in 1285 137-55, 139; Mongols routes of entry and withdrawal, during
the 1241-2 campaign 99-109; Mongols withdrawal, and Ögedei Khan death 109-15; Sáros county 141-4; Szepés county 145-8; Zólyom county 150-2 Kingdom of Poland 3, 175, 177, 179-81, 184; see also Poland King Louis the Great 4 Kipchak-Cuman tribes 161 Kliuchevskii, V. O. 392 Kloss, B. M. 39, 449, 455 Königinhof Manuscript 4, 127 Königsberg Chronicle 480 Konstantin of Tver’ 253 Konstantinovich, Vasil’ko 18 Korobeinikov, Dmitrii 198 Korta, Wacław 90 Korian, Cuman chief 24 Krakowski, Stefan 3, 95 Kubanek, J. R. 87 Kublai Khan 53 Kuchkin, V. A. 256, 292 Jackson, Peter 24, 153, 191, 313; The Mongols and the West 1 Jalal al-Din Mingburnu, Khwarazmian prince 193 Jâmi al-Tawârîkh (the Compendium of Chronicles) (Hamadâni) 38 Jan Gratonis, Bishop ofKraków 180—1 Janibeg Khan 5, 7, 162, 175, 253, 255, 321, 433; and Casimir III 184; killing by Hungarian Szeklers 224 Jan of Czarnków 178—81, 183—4 Jan Olbracht, King 377-9, 416 Jaroslav of Sternberg (Šternberk) 123-6, 127, 129 Jaunutis, Grand Duke 341 Javorský, F. 146 Jews 410, 412, 436, 478 jihad 193 Jin Dynasty 103 Joachim III, Bulgarian Patriarch 221 Joasaphian Chronicle 211 Jochi 6, 50, 54, 60, 64 Jochid empire 11 Jochids 3, 36, 41, 45, 55-6, 59, 101, 200 Jogaila, Polish King 8, 368 Johann of Rottal 121 John Angelos of Thessaly 216 John Asen II, Bulgarian Tsar 193—5, 203 John Comnenus Ducas, ruler of Salónica 196 John Ducas Vatatzes 194—5 John III Doukas Vatatzes 196, 197 John III Ducas Vatatzes 192 John IV Lascaris 201 John of Küküllo 163-4 John of Montecorvino 115 John of Plano Carpini 27, 38, 52-3, 56, 57-8, 62, 67, 111-14, 215, 239 John
ofWinterthur 177-8, 180, 182-3 518
Index al-Malik al-Nasir, Marniuk sultan 503 Marniuk conquest of Ayas in 1337 439 Marniuk Egypt 315, 429 Mangli Giräy 268-9, 271, 272, 278, 407; and Casimir IV 376-7 Mangli Giräy I 297 al-Mansuri, Baybars 216, 221 Mansurov, S. F. 273 Manuel III Megas Comnenus, Emperor of Trebizond 207 Manuel II Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 206-7 Manuel I Megas Comnenus, Emperor of Trebizond 197 March Menology of Codex Suprasliensis 465 Marco Polo 53, 112, 114 marriage unions 57-8 Mars Moravicus (Tomáš Pěšina ofEechorod) 126 Martyniyuk, A. 466, 478 Martyrdom of Mercurius of Caesarea 459 Matthew of Paris 16, 22 Medieval Europe 426 Mediterranean trade network 426 Mehmed I, Ottoman sultan 207 Mend, V. 143 Meng-Та pei-lu 27 Meshchera Tatars 292-4 Methodius, Bishop of Patara in Lycia 15 Meyendorff, John 489 Michael, son of Shishman of Vidin 223-4 Michael VIII, Emperor 430-1, 494 Michael VIII Palaeologus, Emperor of Nicaea 139, 192, 198, 199, 200; and Abaqa Khan 203; alliance with Nogai 216—18; death of 218; imprisonment oflzzeddin Kaykaus 215; pro-Ilkhanid orientation 216; and ‘Qipchaq’ axis 202; and Sultan Baybars 201 Middle Ages 425, 426, 439, 455, 478 Middle Volga 276 Mikhail of Chernigov 236 Mikhail of Tver’ 257, 505-7 Mikhail Vsevolodovich, Rus’ prince 56 Miller, David 392 Mindaugas, King 314 Minorite Anonymus 166 Miracle ofjulian the Apostate 459 Mitsko, Igor 342 Moldavian principality 8 Möngkä Temür, khan of the Golden Horde 202, 392 Möngke Khan, Toluid prince 46, 111, 114, 197, 199, 257 Mongol conquest 488-90 Mongol Empire 2, 59, 257; dynastic marriages in the political system of 43-5;
invasion of Poland 3; marriage unions and political loyalty 57-8; overview 12; role of shamans 67; Westerners on 191-2; see also Mongols Kuchuk Muhammad 267 Kuczyński, S. M. 340 Kulpa Khan 509ո2 Kuľpin, Eduard S. 296 Kyivan Metropolitanate 343 al-Labbad, Ibn 22 Labuda, Gerard 3, 83, 95 Lackfi, Andrew 4, 164—6, 169 Lackfi, István 164 Ladislaus IV, Hungarian king 4, 137-8, 142—3, 149-50, 153, 474 La Flor des Estoires de և Terre d Orient (He’tum) 25, 473 Lajkonik 82 Langdon, John S. 193 Lapis refugii seu speculationis 146 Lascaris, Michael 199 Laszlovszky, József 107 Latin sources, in ulus ofJochí 503-4 Laurentian Chronicle TJ, 18, 66, 239 Legend of St Ladislaus 10 Le Roman de Toute Chevalerie (Thomas of Kent) 469 Leszek II the Black 141 Letter about the [way of] life of the Tartars (Julian) 15 Letter of 1238 (Julian) 26 Letter of al-Kindî 16, 22 Lev Danilovich of Halych 139, 176, 314 Lev Iur’evich, Prince of Halych 342 Lev of Galicia 250-2 Liber Additamentorum 470 Life ofEuphrosyne of Suzdal 459 Life of St Hedwig (Jadwiga) 466, 470, 475 Life of St Hedwig (Codex of 1353) 10 Likhachev, D. S. 18, 39, 40, 457 Lithuania: embassy, to Golden Horde in 1348 321-30; expansion in Volhynia 341-3; inclusion of Chernihiv-Severian land in 346-7; inclusion of Kyivan land in 347-8; military offensive on Tatar possessions 354-5 Lithuanian Metropolitan Roman 347, 348 Lithuanians and Tatars 311-17 Liubartas, ruler of Volhynia 341 Liubavskii, M. K. 325 Livonian Order of 7 November 1367 348 Lodomerius, Archbishop ofEsztergom 152 Louis I, Hungarian King 343, 351 Louis I the Great 162, 164-6, 183
Louis IX, King of France 85, 93, 112, 198, 203 Luccari, Giacomo 219 Ludwig’s codex 474 Ludwig’s St Hedwig codex 471, 473, 474 Machaut, Guillaume de 316 Macska, Dominic 165 519
Index Mongol-European relations 1 Mongol Great Western Campaign 36, 58, 64-5, 68-71 Mongol-Rus’ relations 38 Mongols: Aleksandr Nevskii and Mongol tribute 493—4; attack on upper Kingdom of Hungary in 1285 137-55, 139; and Byzantium 5; in Central European Medieval art 470-5; church and the Yarliq 494-7; conquests of Asia Minor 62; demand for craftsmen 394; detachments during their expeditions to Polish lands 92; and Empire of Nicaea 195—9; ‘Going to the Horde’ 490-1; invasion of Bulgaria 213—14; invasions of Polish lands 3, 82-95, 93; ofjebe and Sübädäi 27; and merchants 392-4; Mongols of Matthew of Paris 466-70; and Moravia in 1241 119-21, 129; myth and the nineteenth century forgeries 126-7; Old Rus’ images of475-80; perception of themselves as ‘scourge of God’ 2; between resistance and accommodation 491-3; routes of entry and withdrawal from Hungary during the 1241-2 campaign 99-109, 104; Rus’ and trade with Moslem East 398-400; and Ryazan princes 39; silver century 394-5; and the Tartars 24-8; and Western Eurasia 195; see also Mongol Empire The Mongols and the West (Jackson) 1 Mongol shamans 67-8 Mongols of Matthew of Paris: images of 466—70 Mongol suzerainty 493 Mongol tribute 395-8 Mongyol-un niyuèa tobèíyan (the Secret History of the Mongols) 38 Monomakh, Vladimir 19 Monophysite Armenians 409—10 Monte Cassino Exultet Roll 468 Monumenta Germaniae Historica 101-2 Moravia 4; Hostýn 121-3; and Mongols in 1241 119-21, 129 Mordovian princes 292-3 Mordovian tribal nobility 293 Mordovian tribes 70 Morgan, David: The Great Yasa 49 ‘Morloch’ (Black Vlach) 106 Moscow and Kazan
268-9 Moscow case (1432) 257-61 Moscow Chronicle Collection of the end of thefifteenth century 261, 504 Moslem East: Rus’ and trade with 398-400 Mstislav ofLutsk 250—2 Muhammad II Khwârazmshâh 44 Muhammad-i-Sam, Ghurid Sultan 22 Mularczyk, J. 85 Murom dynasty 256 Murom principality 256-7 Murtaza, Sayyid 27 520 Muscovite laws 299 Muscovite Princes 298 Muscovite Rus’ 6 Muscovite Russia 285 Muscovite states 268-81 Muscovite Tatars 291-2 Muslims 302, 406, 412, 432, 436, 473, 475, 501-2 Nestorian Christians 26 New Testament 466 Nicean Empire 430 Nikonian Chronicle 451, 459, 488, 489, 490, 504 Nikon’s Chronicle 325, 504 Nogai 4, 90, 139-41, 154, 203-4, 216-20 Nogai Horde 6, 268, 270, 276, 278 nomads 19-21 Noonan, T. 398 Northeast Rus’ 36-8 Northern Black Sea coast: Genoese emporia on 431-4; Venetian emporia on 431-4 Novgorod Episcopal Compilation of 1228 18 Novgorod First Chronicle see First Chronicle of Novgorod Novgorod First Chronicle of the New Edition 348 Novgorod First Chronicle of the Old Edition 507, 508 Novgorod Fourth Chronicle 504, 508 Novokreshchenov, P. 273 Odintsov, Boris 283 Official history of the Yuan Dynasty 65 Ögedei Khan 58-60, 99, 102, 487; and China land distribution 102-3; death 109—15, 213 Oghul Qaimish, regent of Mongol Empire 253 Oghuz State’ 201 Olberi 45 Old Rus’ images of Mongols 475—80 Old Testament 466 Olgerd, Grand Duke of Lithuania 7, 8 Olomouc, Corpus Christi Chapel 123, 124 Orthodox Christians 412 Orthodox Church 489, 505 Orthodox Muscovites 412 Orthodoxy 341 ortog 392-4 Ottokar II, King of Bohemia 313 Ottomans 375, 377-8, 391, 400, 415, 416,
436 Ottoman Turks 400, 475 Ovtsa-Khovrin, D. V. 270, 271—2 Özbeg Khan 11, 46, 61, 163, 178, 180, 182, 204, 222-4, 501; ascension 501-3; ascension in Rus’ sources 504-5; and Golden Horde 397; Islamization of Golden Horde during 501-9; and Marniuk Egypt 315 Pachymeres, George 198, 215, 216, 217 Painter, G. 24
Index Palacký, František 127 Panaitescu, P. P. 350 Paris, Matthew 466-9, 470, 480 Patkanov, K. 24 Patvaróczy, Peter 166 Pavlov, Plamen 194 Pax Mongolica 206, 391, 392, 400, 405, 429 the Pechenegs 20 Peí Shin 25 Peretiatkovich, G. 276 Petrov, A. E. 450 Philip II Augustus 428 the Plague (the ‘Black death’) 12 ‘plenniki’ 235 Pliukhanova, M. B. 459 Podillia: consolidation of Koriat’s sons in 350-1; and sons of Lithuanian prince Koriat 343-5 Podillian Tatars 350 Pogossian, Z. 24 Pogozhin, M. 270 Poland: annexation of Halychyna 183-5; invasions in 1241 83-9; invasions in 1259-60 89; invasions in 1280, 1287, and 1293 89-90; Mongol invasions of 82-95; see also Kingdom of Poland Polish-Lithuanian treaty of 1352 349 Polish-Ottoman wars 416 political loyalty 57-8 Ponces d’Aubon, Master of the Order of the Knights 85, 93 Pope Alexander IV 46, 313, 493 Pope Benedict XII 178-82, 504 Pope Clement VI 344, 345 Pope Gregory the Great (Gregory I, ca. 540-604) 465 Pope Honorius III 192 Pope Innocent IV 197, 215 Pope Innocent VI 5, 185 Pope John XXII 177-8, 223, 504 Pope Urban IV 313 Pope Urban V 184 Poppo von Osterna 84-5 Pór, Antal 163, 165-6, 169 Porus, Indian King 451 Povestei o Nikole Zarazskom (Tales of St. Nicholas of Zarazsk) 39 Povesť о razorenii Ryazani Batyem (Tale of the Destruction of Ryazan) 39 Pray, György 167-8 Prester John 2, 191-2 Primary Chronicle 19-20 Prince Carbon 45 Prince Kölgen 3 Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal 37 princes, serving 294-302 Prince Vsevolod of Kyiv 20 Principality of Moldavia 350 521 Priselkov, M. D. 325 Pulad Khan 369 Qara-Khitan 27, 29 Qazan Khan 163 ‘Qipchaq’
axis 202 Qipchaqs 45, 64-5 Qubilai Khan 162, 488 Queen Elizabeth 152 Queen Rusudan of Georgia 192 Quilichino of Spoletto 16, 22 Qutlugh, Temiir 8 Qutlugh Malik, Berke’s commander 216 Radziwi Chronicle 11, 480—1 von Ranke, Leopold 449 Raymund of Lichtenburg, Captain of Moravia 124 Regal Book 475 Revelation of Pseudo-Methodius ofPatara 15-16, 19-21 Riasanovsky, Valentin A.: The Fundamental Principles of Mongol Law 487 Riccardo, Friar 27-8 Richard I, Monarch ofEngland 428 Robert ofEsztergom 161 Roger of Torre Maggiore 27 Roger of Várad 213 Rogozhsky Chronicle 324, 504, 508 Roman Catholic Church 316 Romance ofAlexander (Chronographie Alexandria) 10, 450, 452, 460 Roman de Godefroy de Bouillon 474 Roman Empire 426 Roman Pope John XXII 409 Romans 454-5, 478 Romhányi, Beatrix 107 Roublev, Michel 395 Rowell, S. C. 315 Rowell, Stephen 177 de Rubrouck, Guillaume 59, 67 Rudakov, V. N. 18 Rukhneddin Kilii-Arslan IV, Sultan ofRûm 197 Rukn al-Din Kilij Arslan IV 252 Ruotsala, Antti 191 Rus’: chronicles 17-19; sources, Özbeg’s ascension in 504-5; and trade with Moslem East 398-400 Rus’ principalities 5-6, 9, 11, 18, 99; basqaqs in 237; and Cumans 19; invasion of 36; Mongol army conquering of 235 Russian bureaucracy 291 Russian Chronograph 455 Russian Empire 412 Russian History Dating Back to the Most Ancient Times (Tatischev) 253
Index Russian-Nogai relations 269-80 Russian state: and Crimean Khanate 280-1; military conflicts with Great Horde 281-4 ‘Russian trail’ 16 Ruthenians 410 Ryazan 37-40 Ryazan princes: Batu Khan negotiations with 41-3, 52-4; Batu Khan s tactics of deception and provocation 61-3; final reply to Batu Khan 63-6; peaceful submission to Mongols 55; see also specific Ryazan princes Ryazan Principality 38 Rybakov, B. A. 397 Solov’ev, S. M. 256 Song ofAvdot’ia ofRiazan 456 ‘the sons of Ishmaeľ 20 Sóvári, George 139, 146 Sparapet, Smbat 47 Speculum Historíale (Vincent of Beauvais) 37 Speranskii, M. N. 455 Spuler, Bertold 105 St Adalbert of Prague 161 Stephen II Uroš Milutin, Serbian King 139, 219 Stephen I of Hungary 161 Stephen V, King of Hungary 147 St Jadwiga 88 St. Nerses 23 The Story about the Campaign against Novgorod in 1471 454 Story of Mercurius of Smolensk 459 Story of the Campaign against Novgorod 458 The Story of the Conquest of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453 454-5 Story of the Destruction of Riazan by Batu 459 Štramberk 122-3 Suky, Nicholas 166 Suzdal’-Nizhnii Novgorod Principality 322 Svrljig Gospel 217 Székely, G. 138 Szepés county 145-8 Szõcs, T. 138 Sacerdoţeanu, A. 350 Sa‘id, Abu 49-51, 163 Saracens 410 Sáros county 141-4 Sayyid Ahmad II: Crimean Khanate struggle against 373-4; and Grand Duchy of Lithuania 373-4 Schmiedet, Felicitas 191 Second Crusade 428 Secret History of the Mongols 27, 50, 54, 59, 68, 99, 113 Seljuk Turks 20-1 Sempad, Constable of Cilician Armenia 197 Serbian Alexandria 450-4, 460 Serbian-Tatar agreement 220 Serbian version of the Alexander
Romance 479 Sercambi, Giovanni: Chronicle of Lucca 474 Shabul’do, F. M. 348 Shadibek Khan 369 Shah Muhammad 22 Shamanistic animism 487 shamans 67-8 shared spaces: Fourth Crusade and reassessment of428-31 Shaykh Ahmad Khan 378-9 Shengwu qinzheng lu 111 Shishman of Vidin 219-20 Shliapkin, I. 21 Sigismund of Luxembourg, Hungarian King 353, 370 Silesia 88-9, 119 Silk Road 412 silver century 394—5 Simeon, Prince of Moscow 321, 325 Simeonov s Chronicle 237, 324, 504 Simeon the Proud, Grand Duke of Moscow 7 Simon Ennius Klatovský 126 Simon of Saint-Quentin 37, 62, 67 Sinor, Denis 25, 110 Slivka, M. 143 Sochaczew Notes 184 Society ofjesus 122 Sofia First Chronicle of the Old Edition 504, 508 Tabakat-i Naşiri (Juzjani) 22 Taginia the Shirin’ 259 Tale of Mikhail of Tver’ 506 ‘Tale of Shcholkan’ 507-9 Tale of the Battle against Mamai 10, 449-60 Tale of the Battle on the Kalka River 2, 16, 17-19, 20, 29 Tale of the Destruction ofRyazan 39-43, 45, 48, 52, 55, 56-7, 61-3, 66, 71, 392, 488 Tale of the Rout of Mamai 479 Tale of the Translation of the Relics of St. Nicolas in 1087 20 Tamerlane 369; and Byzantine Empire 205-7; and Chinggisid Empire restoration 206 Tartkh-i Jahân-gushâ (the History of the World Conqueror) (Juvayni) 38 Tatár, Sarolta 100 Tatar-Mongol invasion 340 the Tatars 4-5, 6, 9, 46, 165-7, 391, 410; and Armenians 9; attack on Thrace 204; in Bulgarian service 220-1; and Byzantine armies clash 218; conquests in Eurasia before the Great Western Campaign 21-8; and divination 67; hegemony in the Bulgarian lands 212-5; and Hungarian campaign 164-8; inroads into Transylvania
164; invasion of Hungary of 1285 162; Lithuanians and 311-17; -Mongol rumour 24-8; relations 522
Index with Bulgarian Kingdom 216; serving tsars in 294-302; as ‘Torgomeans’ 24; tout court 316 Tatar states 268-81 Tatischev, Vasilii 253 ‘Taurmenia’ 19 Temiir Khan 369 Temtir Qutlugh Khan 354, 369 Teutonic Knights 313 Teutonic Order 7, 84-5, 177, 178, 312-13, 317, 323, 325, 328, 349 Theodore H Lascaris, Emperor of Nicaea 196, 198-9 Theodore of Antioch 22-3 Theodore Svetoslav, Bulgarian Tsar 204, 220-3 Theresa, Maria 126 Third Crusade 428 Thirty Years’ War 121 Thomas, son of Hippolyt 141, 144 Thomas of Cantimpré 213 Thomas of Spalato 213 Thomas of Split 27, 105-6, 112 Thuroczy, Johannes 10, 163, 475 Tiesenhausen, V. G. 254 ‘Time of Troubles’ 341, 346 Timur-i-Lang see Tamerlane Tödä Mongkä 139 Tölä Buqa 4, 139-41, 150,153, 154, 238-9 Tölä Buqa Khan 250-2, 502 Toqta Khan 115, 204, 220, 221-2 Toqtam ish Khan 206, 352, 354, 368-9; and Battle of Kulikovo Field 351-4; and Lithuanian-Horde’s relations under 351—4 Toqto’a 50 ‘Torgomeans’ 24 the Torks 20 the Tortmens 20 Traidenis, Grand Duke 314 Transfiguration Cathedral 342 Trans-Volga Horde 267 Transylvania 4, 100, 102, 152, 164 Traska’s Annals 179 Trebizond Empire 192 Trepavlov, V. V. 275, 277 Trinity Chronicle 324 Trinity-monastery codex of the Life of St Sergius of Radonezh 479 Trojan War 454, 455, 457 Tsates-Armenians 410 Tsates-Greeks 410 Turks: in Grand Principality of Moscow 291-302; Meshchera Tatars 292-4; Muscovite Tatars 291-2; serving Tatar tsars and princes 294-302 Tver’ case (1348) 252-5 Tver’ Chronicle 508 Tver’ uprising of 1327 507—9 Typographical Chronicle 504 523 Uličný, F. 145 Ulugh Muhammad Khan 258, 260-1, 267,
295, 371 ulus ofjochi: Latin sources about religious situation in 503-4 Utoga 67 Uzbek Khanate 267 Václav Hájek of Libocany 125—6, 128 Vakhtang III, king of Georgia 47, 253 Vardapet, Vanakan 24, 26 Vásáry, István 106, 236-7 Vasilii II Vasil’evich 268 Vasilii Ivanovich, Prince of Smolensk 346 Vasilii of Kashin 249, 253-4, 257 Vasilii of Moscow 259, 260 Venetian-Byzantine treaty 427 Venetian emporia on Northern Black Sea coast 431-4 Venetian shipbuilding industry 439 Venice: Arab markets and merchants from 427; commerchium 436; during the epidemic outbreak 439; in Golden Horde 425-40; as Italian maritime republic 427; Khan Özbeg granting charter to 399; Mongol reaction in 436; peace between Genoa and 437; relations between Genoa and 432-4; Senate of Venice 421n64; uncertainty in 436 Vernadsky, George V. 296, 391, 395 Veselovsky, N.I. 68 Villani, Giovanni 223 Villani, Matteo 167-9 Vincent of Beauvais 37 Virgin Mary 121 Vision of St. Nerses 24 Vita Beatae Hedwigis (Ludwig’s Hedwig codex) 470 Vlachs 106 Vladimir Chronicle of 1228 18 Vladimir Kuchkin 506 Vladimir of Chernigov 20 Vladimir of Volhynia 250-2 Vladimir Ol’gerdovich 348, 354 Vladimir Vasil’kovich, Volhynian Prince 176 Volga Bulgaria 36 Volhynia: Lithuanian expansion in 341-3 Vologda-Perm Chronicle 504 Vsevolod of Kholm 253, 254, 257 Vsevolozhskii, Ivan 258, 260 Vytautas, Grand Duke of Lithuania 8, 368-9 Vytenis, Grand Duke 315 Wagner, K. 144 Wallachia 100, 103, 105, 109, 164, 213, 224 Wanyan Yongji, Jin emperor 44 wars: of Hungary with Lithuania and Tatars 345-6; of Poland with Lithuania and Tatars 345-6
Index Wasilewski, T. 347 Weiming Anquan, Tangut king 44 Wenceslaus I, Bohemian King 119-21, 124 Wenceslaus II, Czech King 143-4 Wertner, Mór 166 West: strategy of family confederation in 45-7 Western Europe 425, 439 Western missionaries 504 William of Rubruck 25, 101, 106, 114, 198, 215 Władysław I Łokietek, King of Poland 176-7 Wroclaw University Library 470 Yarliq and church 494-7 Yuan China 395, 401 Yuan Shi (the History of Yuan) 38, 100, 102-3, 107 Bayerische ì Wsbibliothek München Yurievich, Fedor 3, 41-3, 44, 48-9, 51; murder of 52, 64; oath of allegiance 54—5; violation of the oath of allegiance 54—5 Yuri of Volodimir 42 Yuri Vsevolodovich, Grand Prince of Vladimir 37, 39, 41-2, 56, 64, 69 Zabolotskii, A. G. 279 Zadonshchina 39 Zak‘arian, Ivane 47 Zatorski, Wacław 3, 95 Zdeslav of Sternberg 125 Zimin, A. A. Tib Zimonyi, István 99-100 Zólyom county 150-2 524
The Routledge Handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe offers a comprehensive overview of the Mongols military, political, socio-economic, and cultural relations with Central and Eastern European nations between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous land empire in history, and one which contributed to the establishment of political, commercial, and cultural contacts between all Eurasian regions. The Golden Horde, founded in Eastern Europe by Chinggis Khans grandson, Batu, in the thirteenth century, was the dominant power in the region. For two hundred years, all of the countries and peoples of Central and Eastern Europe had to reckon with a powerful centralized state with enormous military potential. Some chose to submit to the Mongols, whilst others defended their independence, but none could avoid the influence of this powerful empire. In this book, 25 chapters examine this crucial period in Central-Eastern European history, including trade, confrontation, and cultural and religious exchange between the Mongols and their neighbours. This book will be an essential reference for scholars and students of the Mongols, and also those interested in the political, social, and economic history of medieval Central-Eastern Europe.
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CONTENTS List offigures ix List of abbreviations xii List of contributors XV Introduction: from the Great Western campaign to the decline of the Golden Horde: new tendencies in the study of the Mongol factor in the history of Eastern and East Central Europe 1 Alexander V. Maiorov and Roman Hautala PARTI Before and after the Great Western Campaign 1 Omens of the apocalypse: the first Rus’ encounter with the Mongols through the prism of the Medieval mind 13 15 Fedor N. Veselov 2 Diplomacy, war, and a witch: peace negotiations before the Mongol invasion of Rus’ 36 Alexander V. Maiorov 3 The Mongol invasions of Poland in the thirteenth century: the current state of knowledge and perspectives for future research 82 Witold Swiętoslawski 4 Mongol inroads into Hungary in the thirteenth century: investigating some unexplored avenues Stephen Pow v 98
Contents 5 The Bohemian Kingdom and the Mongol ‘invasion’ of 1241 119 Tomás Somer PART II The Mongols and Central Europe 135 6 Mongol attack on the upper Hungary in 1285 137 Míchal Holeíčák 7 Mongol-Hungarian encounters in the fourteenth century 161 István Vásáry 8 The Polish-Mongol conflict over succession of the Halych and Volhynian Principality in the middle of the fourteenth century 175 Roman Hautala PART III The Mongols and Southeastern Europe 189 9 Byzantium and the Mongol world: contacts and interaction (from Batu to Tamerlane) 191 Alexander Nikolov 10 A century of the Tatars’ ‘hegemony’: the Golden Horde and Bulgarian lands (1241—1341) 212 Aleksandar Uzelac PART IV The Golden Horde and Russia 233 11 Basqaqs in Rus’: social strategy of power 235 Adrian Jusupović 12 From supreme judge to arbitrator: conflicts of Rus’ princes under the Golden Horde khans’ trial (case studies) 249 Roman Iu. Pochekaev 13 The Muscovite Rus’ and the Tatar states in the second half of the fifteenth century: the main trends of relations Maxim V. Moiseev vi 267
Contents 14 The Turks in the Grand Principality of Moscow: migrations, services, and material allowance 291 Andrey V. Belyakov PART V The Golden Horde and Lithuania 309 15 The Lithuanians and the Tatars: confrontation from a safe distance and vested interests in the common ground 311 Darius Baronas 16 A Lithuanian embassy to the Golden Horde in 1348: the background and consequences 321 Moshe Grinberg 17 Expansion of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the middle and the second half of the fourteenth century and its relations with the Horde 340 Vladyslav Gulevych 18 The Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Kingdom of Poland, and the Tatar World in the fifteenth century 368 Vladyslav Gulevych PART VI Trade and economic relations 389 19 The economics of Mongol rule in Rus’, 1237—1350 391 Lawrence N. Langer 20 Armenian diasporas between the Golden Horde, Rus’, and Poland: long-distance trade and diplomatic services 405 Alexandr Osipian 21 Genoa and Venice in the Golden Horde: politics, trade, and society 425 Lorenzo Pubblici PART VII Cultural exchange and church-religious interaction 447 22 Alexander the Great and other personages in the ‘Tale of the Battle against Mamai’ 449 Dmitrij M. Bulanin vii
Contents 23 From monstrous creatures to neighbouring humans: image of the Mongols in the European book miniatures of the thirteenth-sixteenth centuries Fedor N. Veselov 24 Between the politics of accommodation and independence: Rus’, the Mongols, and the church, 1237—1350 Lawrence N. Langer 25 Islamization of the Golden Horde during the Özbeg Khan’s rule according to Muslim, Latin, and Rus’ sources Roman Hautala Index
INDEX Note: Italic page numbers refer to figures and page numbers followed by “n” denote endnotes. Abaqa Khan 202, 203 Abbasid caliph 199 Abd ur֊Rahman 111 Abu al-Hasan Ali ihn Uthman 183 Acropolites, George 194, 199 ad-Dawla, Hasan Jalal 47 Ahmad Khan 8, 271-2, 274-5, 277, 281, 301, 375-6 Ahmat (basqaq) 237, 238 Akchurin, Maksum M. 302 Akherovich, Peter 15 Aknerts‘i, Grigor: History of the Nation of the Archers 23, 24 Akropolites, George 212 Aladdin Kayqubad I, Seljuq Sultan 192-3 Alba Transsiluania 153 Albrecht of Sternberg 124-6 Aleksandr Mikhailovich 344, 507-8 Aleksandr Nevskii 252-3, 396, 458, 488, 490-2; and the Mongol tribute 493-4; and rule of Great Khan Möngke 493 AlexanderJagiellon, Grand Duke ofLithuania 279 Alexander Romance 25 Alexander the Great 10, 16, 22, 25, 27, 192, 200, 449-60, 452, 454, 456-7, 459-60 Alexandreis (Quilichino of Spoletto) 16, 22 Alexandria 427, 430; galleys for 438 Alexios II Grand Comnenus 205 Alexis I Komnenos, Byzantine emperor 427 Algirdas, Grand Duke ofLithuania 341, 368 Allsen, Thomas 36, 65, 392-5 Amosov, A. 477 Andreev, Iushka 269 Andrei Aleksandrovich 488, 506 Andrew III, King of Hungary 149, 219 513 Andronicus II, Byzantine Emperor 496 Andronicus III Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor 204 Andronicus II Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor 204-5 Andronikos II, Byzantine ruler 139, 223 Andronikos Tarchaneiote 216 Annates Capituli Posnanensis and Chronica Poloniae Maioris 84 Annaks Posnanknses 1178 Annaks seu cronícae incliti Regni Poloniae (Długosz) 82, 91 Annab of Schäftlarn Abbey on the Isar 16 Annals of Tewkesbury Abbey 16 Annab of the
Abbey of Saint-Médard de Soíssons 16 Annals of Waverley Abbey 26 Annals or Chronicles of the Famous Kingdom of Poland 473 Anthony of Novgorod 18 Antonovich, V. B. 324, 325 Aparantsi, Mekhitar 410 Apocrypha 21 Apostolicae sollicitudinis (Pope Benedict XII) 180 Aqbugha, Husayn b. 49 Arakcheev, V. A. 268 Arewcltsh, Vardan: Colophon on the Mongols 24 Armenian Church 407 Armenian church of the Holy Sign (Surb Nshan) 408 Armenian communities: of Azaq 406, 408; of Krim 406; and places of commercial activity in Eastern Europe 407; of Sarai 406, 409; in Volga basin 416 Armenian diaspora 409; between Golden Horde, Rus’, and Poland 405-17
Index Armenian merchants 405, 406; of Crimea 410; in the Danube delta 409; diplomatic services provided by 413—16; and Golden Horde’s ruling elite 413; network in trade between Golden Horde and neighbour states 412-13; and Polish kings 415; and trade in luxury goods 413 Armenian migration: to the Golden Horde 406—10; to the lands of Rus’ 410-12 Armenian monastery of the Holy Cross (Surb Khach) 408, 409 Armenians 410, 436 Ascelin of Lombardy 56, 67 al-Athir, Ibn 22, 27, 28 Atlamush, Tatar prince 164—5 Atwood, Christopher 111 Augustine of Hippo 465 Austro-Turkish War 122 Avag, Atabeg 47 Avraam Armenian 411-12 ‘Awfi (‘Ufi), Muhammad 22 Azbelev, S. N. 352 Bazilevich, K. V. 272, 276, 278 Beckovský, Jan František 121 Beklimishev, N. V. 280 Bela IV, Hungarian king 4, 46, 63, 98, 102, 105, 124, 137, 142, 145, 147, 475; and city of Zvolen people 151; and Liptov castle 150; and Mongols invasion 213 Belarusian-Lithuanian chronicles 341, 347 Benjamin of Tudela 106 Berdedat bin Khudaidat, Chinggisid prince 295 Berdibeg Khan 163, 340, 346, 413 Berezin, I. N. 67 Berke, Jochid leader 215 Bezzola, Gian Andri 191 Bishop Serapion of Vladimir 489, 495 Black Death 12, 321, 328, 330, 401, 497 Black Plague 433, 439 Black Sea 7, 9, 154, 215; characters of the Western emporia of 434-9 Bocek, Antonin 127, 130 The Bohemian Chronide (Kronyka Czeska) (Václav Hájek of Libocany) 126 Book of Questions (Vardapet) 24 Book of the Prophet Daniel 453 Borsa, Roland 152 Boyle, J. A. 101 de Bridia, C. 52-3, 57, 84 Broadbridge, Anne F. 44 Buchier, William 101 Buddhism 488 Bulgarian Kingdom 5; and Chaka 220-1; and
Cumans 212; death of Ivan Asen II 212; Mongols invasion of 213—14; relations with the Tatars 216; Tatars in service 220-1 bulghaq, 163 Būri, Chaghatayid senior prince 99-102 Buzurg, Hasan-i 49 Byzantine Christianity 465 Byzantine Empire 20, 51, 154, 426-7; between the Golden Horde and the Ilkhanids 199-205; map of 193; and Tamerlane 205-7 Byzantine Orthodoxy 479 Byzantines 479, 486n94 Ba’atur, Yisügei 50 Baghdad Khatun 49 Balard, Michel 411 Balbin, Bohuslav 121; Epitome historka rerum Bohemicarum 126 Baltic Crusaders 324 Banzarov, Dorzhi 67 Barbaro, Giosafat 439 Bartolomej Paprocký ofHlohol 126 the basqaqs 6, 236-41; legal standing of 241-2 Battle ofBlue Waters 350; and its significance 348-50 Battle of Grunwald 369 Battle of Hattin 428 Battle of Kulikovo 10, 352, 400, 449-51, 454, 457, 508; and Lithuanian-Horde’s relations under Toqtami'sh Khan 351-4 Battle of Liegnitz 100 Battle of Mochi 67 Battle of Mohi 120 Battle of Muhi 102 Battle of Streva 324 Battle of the Kalka River 45 Battle of the Ugra River 391 Battle of Vorskla 8, 374 Batu Khan 2-4, 12, 23, 195; in Great Western Campaign 71; negotiations with Ryazan princes 41—3, 52-4; and Northeast Rus’ 40-1; peace negotiations with the Ryazan princes 60-1; and Polish lands invasions 84; and Prince Fedor’s wife 48—52; tactics of deception and provocation 61-3 Bautier, Robert H. 428 Bayezid I, Ottoman Sultan 206 Callistus I, Patriarch of Constantinople 347 Carpathians 4, 88, 100, 137, 140, 154, 410 Casimir III, King of Poland 335n39, 351, 410; campaign in 1349 344; death of 346; and Duchy of Russia 342; Halychyna conquered by
410; and Janibeg 327, 345; Lviv, captured by 342; and Pope Clement VI 344—5; success of 343; and Tatar devastation 345; and Tatars 317 Casimir III, Polish king 5, 7, 90, 162, 173; invasion of Halychyna 178-9, 184-5; and Janibeg Khan 184 514
Index Casimir IV, Polish King 373; and Crimean Khan 375; and Crimean Khanate 377; double-faced policy of 376; and Great Horde 375-6; and Iwaszko of Lviv 415; and Lithuanian Grand Duke Žygimantas 372; and Mangli Giray 376-7; relations between Mangli Giray and 376-7; and Vasilii II 373 Castrum Salis 141-2 Catholicism 344, 509n2 Catholic Kingdom of Lithuania, collapse of 314 Catholic missionaries 504 Central European Medieval art, and Mongols 470-5 Chaka of Bulgaria 220-1 Chalcedonite Armenians 409-10 Chang De 114 Charles I of Anjou 202-3 Charles I of Hungary 162, 166, 181-2 Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor 125, 470 Charles VI of France 206 Chekin, L. 20 Cherniavsky, Michael 490 Chernihiv principality 8 Chernihiv-Severian Principality 346 Chiledü, Yeke 50 China 36, 102-3, 162-3, 240, 242, 391-6, 399, 405, 431-3, 438, 491, 503 Chinggisids 44-5, 50-1, 57, 59-60, 251, 268, 270, 275-6, 291, 294-300, 302; dynasties 163; on family and marriage relations 57; marriage proposals 48; marriages 44-5; in Rus’ lands 6-7; and Western Campaign 71; women and men 44 Chinggis Khan 2, 3, 7, 21-2, 25, 28, 36-7, 275, 294, 487; and confederation system 44; conquest of Central Asia 60; execution of people violating oath of allegiance 55; marriages of 44; and Princess Chaqa 44; and Princess Qiguo 44; use of marriage in subjugation 44; Yasa (law code) 49 Chou Shu 25 Christianity 504; Byzantine 465 Christiansen, E. 323 Chronica Hungaromm (Thuróczy) 10, 475 Chronica Majora (Paris) 466-9 Chronica Majora of Matthew Paris 466 Chronica Pietum 474, 475 Chronicle of Baldwin of Brabant 16 Chronicle of George
Hamartolos 476 ‘Chronicle ofLouis the Great’ 163 Chronicle of Lucca (Sercambi) 474 Chronicle of Michael the Syrian 24 Chronicle of Pereyaslavľ Yuzhny 18 Chronicle of the Crypt Monastery 19 Chronicle of the Kingdom of Poland (Długosz) 125 Chronicles of the Famous Kingdom of Poland 473 Chronicle Story of the Battle of Kulikovo 451 515 Chronicon Polonorum (Jan of Czarnków) 178 church and the Yarliq 494—7 Cleaves, F. W. 25 Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae 129 Codex of Lubin 91 Collection of Stories and Illustrations of History (Muhammad ‘Awfi (‘Ufi)) 22 Collection ofYarliqs to the Rus’ Metropolitans 504-5 Colophon on the Mongols (Arewelts'i) 24 The Compendium of Chronicles (al-Din) 25, 101 ‘Congress of European Monarchs’ 370 Conrad II of Czersk 141 Constantine Tikh, Bulgarian Tsar 201, 203, 215-16, 217 Constantinople 430; Latin conquest of 489; Turkish conquest of 453 court in Golden Horde: and end of Murom principality 256-7 craftsmen, Mongol demand for 394 Crimea 1, 6-9, 112, 165, 201, 212, 221, 259, 268-9, 271-2, 275, 278-2, 295-8, 301, 354, 368-9, 399-401, 407-16, 433, 436-9 Crimean Khanate 259, 272, 280, 407; conflicting interests of 374-6; foundation of 372-3; and Grand Duchy of Lithuania 374-6; Grand Duchy of Lithuania reconciling with 377-9; and Great Horde 374-6; Russian state and 280-1; struggle against Sayyid Ahmad II 373-4 Crimean-Lithuanian agreement 280 Crimean Tatars 121 crusades 426-7 Crypt Monastery 19 the Cumans (the Polovtsians) 3, 10, 19, 29; and Bulgaria 212; conversion to Christianity 69; nomadic 138—9; origins of 20; of Prince Kiiten 161-2; and
Rus’ principalities 19; settlement in Thrace and Macedonia 194-5 Damascene, John 465 Daniil of Galicia 250, 252 Daniil Romanovich, Halych Prince 175, 176, 240 Danilo, Prince of Ostrog 343 Danilo II, Serbian archbishop 220 daruga 242 d’Auvergne, Guillaume 26 David Narini, Georgian king 252 David Ulu, Georgian king 252 David VII, Georgian king 47 David VIII, Georgian king 47, 253 Dedko, Dmitro 181—3 Deeds of the Trevians (‘Gesta Treverorum’) 16 Demetre II, king of Eastern Georgia 47 Demetrius II 47 desert of‘Ethrib’ (Yathrib) 16 Despoiate of Epirus 192
Index DeWeese, D. 25 al-Din, Jalal 22 al-Dîn, Rashid 25, 51, 53, 55, 58, 64-5, 99-102, 106, 213, 216 diplomatic contacts: Moscow and Kazan 268—9; of Muscovite state with Tatar states 268-1; Russian-Nogai relations 269—80; Russian state and Crimean Khanate 280-1 diplomatic services by Armenian merchants 413-16 Długosz, Jan 3, 82-9, 91-2, 95, 125,168, 179—80; Annales seu cronkae inditi Regni Poloniae 82, 91; Chronide of die Kingdom ofPoland 125 Dmitrii Aleksandrovich 488 Dmitrii Donskoi, Grand prince 9, 257, 293, 399-401, 450, 452, 454, 458-9, 491 Dmitrii Mikhailovich 507 Drugeth, Vilmos 182 Dubravius, Johannes: Históriáé Regni Boiemiae 126 Duchy of Sandomierz 83 dynastie marriages: and Michael VIII Palaeologus, Emperor of Nicaea 202; in the political system of Mongol Empire 43—5 Eastern Europe: Armenian communities and places of commercial activity in 407; Central and 1; Golden Horde, founded in 12; Mongol power in 163 economics of Mongol rule in Rus’ 391-401 Emmausskii, A. V. 18 Empire of Nicaea 192—4; invasion of Constantinople 215; and Mongols 195—9 Enkhbold, H. 393 Epistle to the Lament upon the Destruction of the Hungary by the Tartars 475 Epitome historica rerum Bohemicarum (Balbin) 126 Ermolin’s Chronicle 504 Etiigen Eke 67 European aristocracy 428 European maritime hegemony 428 European Scythians 194 Eximiae devotionis (Pope Benedict XII) 178, 179, 181-2 family confederation: and Chinggis Khan 44; and West 45-7 Fennell, J. 325, 392 Feodor Glebovich, Prince 327 Fiamma, Galvano 183 Filevich, I. P. 342 Finno-Ugric tribe 292 First Chronicle of Novgorod 17, 18—19, 24, 28,
39-43, 47, 63, 65-7, 237 First Crusade 428; until 1204 427-8 Fletcher, Joseph 110 Fourth Crusade 489; and reassessment of shared spaces 428-31 516 Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor 428 Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor 467 Frederick II Hohenstaufen, Holy Roman Emperor 23, 28 Friar John ofPlano Carpini 311-12 Friar William of Rubruck 394 Friesach Annals 102 The Fundamental Principles of Mongol Law (Riasanovsky) 487 Galician-Volhynian Chronicle 250-1 Galicia-Volhynian principality 250 Gallery of Polish Kings 181 Ganjakec'i, Kirakós 23, 24, 26, 39; History of Armenia 23, 39 Gediminas, Grand Duke 315, 340 Genghis Khan 473—4; see also Chinggis Khan Genoa: during the epidemic outbreak 439; in Golden Horde 425-40 Genoese emporia on Northern Black Sea coast 431-4 Genoese fortress of Caflfa (Feodosia) 435 Genoese-Venetian war 413 George, son of Simon 141-2 George I Terter, Bulgarian Tsardom 139, 203-4, 218-19 ‘German (Magdeburg) Law’ 9 ‘German Law’ (‘Magdeburg Law’) 417 Ghazan, Ilkhan, Mongol Empire ruler 205, 253 Gippius, A. A. 18, 19, 20 Glebovich, Fedor 256 Gleb Sviatoslavich of Briansk 256 Gog and Magog 22—3, 26-7, 192 Golden Horde 3, 4, 5—6, 46, 163; before 1340 175-8; Armenian migration to 406-10; and Byzantium 199-205; case of Tana 434—9; and Casimir III 175; before the crusades 426-7; dissolution of 7; First Crusades until 1204 427-8; founding of 12; Fourth Crusade and reassessment of shared spaces 428-31; Genoa and Venice in 425-40; Genoese emporia on Northern Black Sea coast 431-4; Islamization of, during Özbeg Khan 501-9; Latin sources about ulus ofjochi 503-4; Lithuanian
embassy to 321-30; Nogai influence 218; Özbeg’s ascension 501-3; Özbeg’s ascension in Rus’ sources 504-5; and Poland 8; tale of Mikhail of Tver’ 505-7; Tver’ uprising of 1327 or ‘Tale ofShcholkan’ 507—9; Venetian emporia on Northern Black Sea coast 431-4; Western emporia of Black Sea 434-9 Golden Horde basqaqs 252 Gorskii, A. A. 39, 295, 325, 327 Grammatikos, Theodore 213 Grand Duchy of Lithuania 7, 9, 280, 281—2, 284; Battle ofBlue Water 348-50; Battle of Kulikovo Field 351-4; conflicting interests
Index of 374—6; consolidation of Koriat’s sons in Podillia 350-1; and defeat of Great Horde 377-9; and Great Horde 374-6; inclusion of Chernihiv-Severian land in Lithuania 346-7; inclusion of Kyivan land in Lithuania 347-8; Lithuanian expansion in Volhynia 341-3; Lithuanian-Horde’s relations under Toqtamish Khan 351-4; Lithuanian military offensive on Tatar possessions 354-5; in middle and second half of fourteenth century 340-55; reconciling with Crimean Khanate 377—9; relations with the Horde 340-55; and sons of Lithuanian prince Koriat in Podillia 343-5; struggle against Sayyid Ahmad II 373—4; in thirteenth to fifteenth centuries 329; wars of Poland and Hungary with Lithuania and Tatars 345-6 Grand Duke of Lithuania 368—9 Grand Principality of Moscow: Meshchera Tatars 292-4; Muscovite Tatars 291-2; serving Tatar tsars and princes 294-302; Turks in 291-302 Great Horde: conflicting interests of 374—6; and Crimean Khanate 374-6; and Grand Duchy of Lithuania 374-6; Grand Duchy of Lithuania attempting defeat of 377—9; military conflicts with 281—4; Russian state 281-4 Great Menology of Metropolitan Macarius 465 Great Principality of Moscow 268—9, 285 Great Western Campaign 36, 58, 64-5, 68-71, 466 The Great Yasa (Morgan) 49 Greek-Orthodox Synaxarion 407 Greeks 436, 478 Greenblatt, Stephen 405 Gregoras, Nicephorus 194 Gregoras, Nikephoros 212, 311 Grekov, LB. 345 Grigor’ev, A. P. 275 Grousset, René 21, 99, 110 Gustynskaia Chronicle 348 Güyük Khan 53, 59-60, 99, 110-11, 239 Hajji Giräy Khan 301, 372—3 Halperin, Charles 46, 235 Halych and Volhynian Principality 8, 175, 343, 345;
before 1340 175—8; Batu Khan conquest of 175—6; Casimir Ill’s invasion of 180; crisis of 1340-1 178-83 Halych-Volhynian Chronicle 140, 150, 153-4, 176, 236, 239-42, 312 Hamadâni, Rashid al-Dîn Fadlullah: Jâmi alTawârtkh (the Compendium of Chronicles) 38 von Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph 105, 106, 254 Hanka, Václav 127 Hanseatic League 9 517 Hašek, Jaroslav 119 Hebraeus, Bar 195 Hedwig codex 470 Hellenic and Roman Chronicle 454, 455 Henry II the Pious, Duke of Wroclaw 3, 84-9, 91, 95, 100, 120, 470-1 Hethoum I, Cilician Armenian King 197 He’tum: La Flor des Estoires de la Terre d’Orient 25, 473 Hetum I, King of Cilician Armenia 47 Históriáé Regni Boiemiae (Dubravius) 126 History ofArmenia (Ganjakec’i) 23, 39 History of Michael the Syrian 24 History of the Nation of the Archers (Aknerts’i) 23, 24 Hö’elün 50 Honorable Word of Leo Philologist 459 Horde: attempt to preserve unity of 369-70; Crimean Khanate, foundation of 372-3; Crimean ruler and Horde’s Khan 370-1; struggle for supremacy in Horde and its dissolution 370-1; Toqtamish Khan 368-9; ‘western’ Horde, split of 371-2 Hostýn, Moravia 121—3 Hrushevsky, M. S. 347 Hungarian Angevin Legendary 473 Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle 10 Hungary: Borsod, Abaúj, Gomor, Hont, and Zemplén counties 148-50; Mongol attack on upper, in 1285 137-55, 139; Mongols routes of entry and withdrawal, during the 1241-2 campaign 99-109, 104; Mongols withdrawal, and Ögedei Khan death 109-15; Sáros county 141-4; Szepés county 145-8; Zólyom county 150-2 Hypathian Chronicle 17, 18, 29 Hystoria Tartarorum 83-4, 87-8 Iaroslav Vsevolodovich, Grand Duke of
Vladimir 311 Ibaq ibn Mahmudek 275 Ibn Taghri-Birdi 212 iconoclasm 465 Igorevich, Yuri 44 Ilkhanid Persia 315 Ilkhanids 199-205 Illuminated Chronicle 153, 476-80 Illuminated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible 11, 475 Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible 451 Iltutmish, Shamsu-d din 22 Ingvarevich, Yuri 41 Ishmaelites 23, 24; as godless Cumans 24 Islamization of Golden Horde during Özbeg Khan 501-9 Iurii Danilovich 506-7 Iurii II Bolesław, prince of the Halych and Volhynia 175, 177-8, 182, 342
Index Iurii I of Halych 314 Iurii Koriatovich, Prince 346 Iurii Lvovich, Halych Prince 176 Ivan Alexander ofBulgaria 224 Ivan Asen II, Bulgarian Emperor 212, 213 Ivan Asen III ofBulgaria 217-18 Ivan Danilovich 321 Ivan Danilovich Kalita 507 Ivan Iaroslavich, Grand Prince 292 Ivan III, Grand Duke of Moscow 6, 8 Ivan III Vasil’evich, Great Prince 268—9, 391 Ivan I Kalita, Emperor 397, 491, 496, 497 Ivan IV ‘the Terrible’ 391 Ivan the Fair 328 Ivan the Terrible 456, 458 Izz al-Din Kaikaus II 252 Izzeddin Kaykawus II, Sultan ofRûm 197, 198-9, 201 John VII Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 207 John VI Kantakouzenos, Byzantine Emperor 183, 221, 343 Jorga, N. 350 Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor 126 Julian, Friar 16, 28, 37, 64, 69-70; Letter about the [way of] life of the Tartars 15; Letter of 1238 26 Juvayni, Atâ-Malek 53-4, 58; Tarîkh-i Jahângushâ (the History of the World Conqueror) 38 Juzjani, Minhaj al-Din 22, 53 Kalika, Vasilii 252 Kaliman Asen 215 Kam 67 Kantakouzenos, John 224 Karamzin, N. M. 40, 292, 325, 326 Kaykhusraw II, Sultan of Rum 197 Kazakh Khanate 267 Kazan and Moscow 268-9 Kazan Chronicle 454, 456-8 Kazan Khanate 6, 267-72, 274, 276-9, 281, 283, 285, 295, 297 Kazimierz the Great 90 Keenan, Edward 457 Khoroshkevich, Anna L. 280-1, 298, 299 Khrustalev, D. G. 21 Khudiakov, M. G. 276 Khwarazmshah Muhammad 26-7 Kichi Muhammad Khan 372 al-Kindi, Abu Yusuf Ya'qub ibn ’Ishaq as-Sabbah 23 Kingdom of Hungary 46, 64, 88, 119—20; Borsod, Abaúj, Gomor, Hont, and Zemplén counties 148-50; Mongol attack on upper, in 1285 137-55, 139; Mongols routes of entry and withdrawal, during
the 1241-2 campaign 99-109; Mongols withdrawal, and Ögedei Khan death 109-15; Sáros county 141-4; Szepés county 145-8; Zólyom county 150-2 Kingdom of Poland 3, 175, 177, 179-81, 184; see also Poland King Louis the Great 4 Kipchak-Cuman tribes 161 Kliuchevskii, V. O. 392 Kloss, B. M. 39, 449, 455 Königinhof Manuscript 4, 127 Königsberg Chronicle 480 Konstantin of Tver’ 253 Konstantinovich, Vasil’ko 18 Korobeinikov, Dmitrii 198 Korta, Wacław 90 Korian, Cuman chief 24 Krakowski, Stefan 3, 95 Kubanek, J. R. 87 Kublai Khan 53 Kuchkin, V. A. 256, 292 Jackson, Peter 24, 153, 191, 313; The Mongols and the West 1 Jalal al-Din Mingburnu, Khwarazmian prince 193 Jâmi al-Tawârîkh (the Compendium of Chronicles) (Hamadâni) 38 Jan Gratonis, Bishop ofKraków 180—1 Janibeg Khan 5, 7, 162, 175, 253, 255, 321, 433; and Casimir III 184; killing by Hungarian Szeklers 224 Jan of Czarnków 178—81, 183—4 Jan Olbracht, King 377-9, 416 Jaroslav of Sternberg (Šternberk) 123-6, 127, 129 Jaunutis, Grand Duke 341 Javorský, F. 146 Jews 410, 412, 436, 478 jihad 193 Jin Dynasty 103 Joachim III, Bulgarian Patriarch 221 Joasaphian Chronicle 211 Jochi 6, 50, 54, 60, 64 Jochid empire 11 Jochids 3, 36, 41, 45, 55-6, 59, 101, 200 Jogaila, Polish King 8, 368 Johann of Rottal 121 John Angelos of Thessaly 216 John Asen II, Bulgarian Tsar 193—5, 203 John Comnenus Ducas, ruler of Salónica 196 John Ducas Vatatzes 194—5 John III Doukas Vatatzes 196, 197 John III Ducas Vatatzes 192 John IV Lascaris 201 John of Küküllo 163-4 John of Montecorvino 115 John of Plano Carpini 27, 38, 52-3, 56, 57-8, 62, 67, 111-14, 215, 239 John
ofWinterthur 177-8, 180, 182-3 518
Index al-Malik al-Nasir, Marniuk sultan 503 Marniuk conquest of Ayas in 1337 439 Marniuk Egypt 315, 429 Mangli Giräy 268-9, 271, 272, 278, 407; and Casimir IV 376-7 Mangli Giräy I 297 al-Mansuri, Baybars 216, 221 Mansurov, S. F. 273 Manuel III Megas Comnenus, Emperor of Trebizond 207 Manuel II Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 206-7 Manuel I Megas Comnenus, Emperor of Trebizond 197 March Menology of Codex Suprasliensis 465 Marco Polo 53, 112, 114 marriage unions 57-8 Mars Moravicus (Tomáš Pěšina ofEechorod) 126 Martyniyuk, A. 466, 478 Martyrdom of Mercurius of Caesarea 459 Matthew of Paris 16, 22 Medieval Europe 426 Mediterranean trade network 426 Mehmed I, Ottoman sultan 207 Mend, V. 143 Meng-Та pei-lu 27 Meshchera Tatars 292-4 Methodius, Bishop of Patara in Lycia 15 Meyendorff, John 489 Michael, son of Shishman of Vidin 223-4 Michael VIII, Emperor 430-1, 494 Michael VIII Palaeologus, Emperor of Nicaea 139, 192, 198, 199, 200; and Abaqa Khan 203; alliance with Nogai 216—18; death of 218; imprisonment oflzzeddin Kaykaus 215; pro-Ilkhanid orientation 216; and ‘Qipchaq’ axis 202; and Sultan Baybars 201 Middle Ages 425, 426, 439, 455, 478 Middle Volga 276 Mikhail of Chernigov 236 Mikhail of Tver’ 257, 505-7 Mikhail Vsevolodovich, Rus’ prince 56 Miller, David 392 Mindaugas, King 314 Minorite Anonymus 166 Miracle ofjulian the Apostate 459 Mitsko, Igor 342 Moldavian principality 8 Möngkä Temür, khan of the Golden Horde 202, 392 Möngke Khan, Toluid prince 46, 111, 114, 197, 199, 257 Mongol conquest 488-90 Mongol Empire 2, 59, 257; dynastic marriages in the political system of 43-5;
invasion of Poland 3; marriage unions and political loyalty 57-8; overview 12; role of shamans 67; Westerners on 191-2; see also Mongols Kuchuk Muhammad 267 Kuczyński, S. M. 340 Kulpa Khan 509ո2 Kuľpin, Eduard S. 296 Kyivan Metropolitanate 343 al-Labbad, Ibn 22 Labuda, Gerard 3, 83, 95 Lackfi, Andrew 4, 164—6, 169 Lackfi, István 164 Ladislaus IV, Hungarian king 4, 137-8, 142—3, 149-50, 153, 474 La Flor des Estoires de և Terre d'Orient (He’tum) 25, 473 Lajkonik 82 Langdon, John S. 193 Lapis refugii seu speculationis 146 Lascaris, Michael 199 Laszlovszky, József 107 Latin sources, in ulus ofJochí 503-4 Laurentian Chronicle TJ, 18, 66, 239 Legend of St Ladislaus 10 Le Roman de Toute Chevalerie (Thomas of Kent) 469 Leszek II the Black 141 Letter about the [way of] life of the Tartars (Julian) 15 Letter of 1238 (Julian) 26 Letter of al-Kindî 16, 22 Lev Danilovich of Halych 139, 176, 314 Lev Iur’evich, Prince of Halych 342 Lev of Galicia 250-2 Liber Additamentorum 470 Life ofEuphrosyne of Suzdal 459 Life of St Hedwig (Jadwiga) 466, 470, 475 Life of St Hedwig (Codex of 1353) 10 Likhachev, D. S. 18, 39, 40, 457 Lithuania: embassy, to Golden Horde in 1348 321-30; expansion in Volhynia 341-3; inclusion of Chernihiv-Severian land in 346-7; inclusion of Kyivan land in 347-8; military offensive on Tatar possessions 354-5 Lithuanian Metropolitan Roman 347, 348 Lithuanians and Tatars 311-17 Liubartas, ruler of Volhynia 341 Liubavskii, M. K. 325 Livonian Order of 7 November 1367 348 Lodomerius, Archbishop ofEsztergom 152 Louis I, Hungarian King 343, 351 Louis I the Great 162, 164-6, 183
Louis IX, King of France 85, 93, 112, 198, 203 Luccari, Giacomo 219 Ludwig’s codex 474 Ludwig’s St Hedwig codex 471, 473, 474 Machaut, Guillaume de 316 Macska, Dominic 165 519
Index Mongol-European relations 1 Mongol Great Western Campaign 36, 58, 64-5, 68-71 Mongol-Rus’ relations 38 Mongols: Aleksandr Nevskii and Mongol tribute 493—4; attack on upper Kingdom of Hungary in 1285 137-55, 139; and Byzantium 5; in Central European Medieval art 470-5; church and the Yarliq 494-7; conquests of Asia Minor 62; demand for craftsmen 394; detachments during their expeditions to Polish lands 92; and Empire of Nicaea 195—9; ‘Going to the Horde’ 490-1; invasion of Bulgaria 213—14; invasions of Polish lands 3, 82-95, 93; ofjebe and Sübädäi 27; and merchants 392-4; Mongols of Matthew of Paris 466-70; and Moravia in 1241 119-21, 129; myth and the nineteenth century forgeries 126-7; Old Rus’ images of475-80; perception of themselves as ‘scourge of God’ 2; between resistance and accommodation 491-3; routes of entry and withdrawal from Hungary during the 1241-2 campaign 99-109, 104; Rus’ and trade with Moslem East 398-400; and Ryazan princes 39; silver century 394-5; and the Tartars 24-8; and Western Eurasia 195; see also Mongol Empire The Mongols and the West (Jackson) 1 Mongol shamans 67-8 Mongols of Matthew of Paris: images of 466—70 Mongol suzerainty 493 Mongol tribute 395-8 Mongyol-un niyuèa tobèíyan (the Secret History of the Mongols) 38 Monomakh, Vladimir 19 Monophysite Armenians 409—10 Monte Cassino Exultet Roll 468 Monumenta Germaniae Historica 101-2 Moravia 4; Hostýn 121-3; and Mongols in 1241 119-21, 129 Mordovian princes 292-3 Mordovian tribal nobility 293 Mordovian tribes 70 Morgan, David: The Great Yasa 49 ‘Morloch’ (Black Vlach) 106 Moscow and Kazan
268-9 Moscow case (1432) 257-61 Moscow Chronicle Collection of the end of thefifteenth century 261, 504 Moslem East: Rus’ and trade with 398-400 Mstislav ofLutsk 250—2 Muhammad II Khwârazmshâh 44 Muhammad-i-Sam, Ghurid Sultan 22 Mularczyk, J. 85 Murom dynasty 256 Murom principality 256-7 Murtaza, Sayyid 27 520 Muscovite laws 299 Muscovite Princes 298 Muscovite Rus’ 6 Muscovite Russia 285 Muscovite states 268-81 Muscovite Tatars 291-2 Muslims 302, 406, 412, 432, 436, 473, 475, 501-2 Nestorian Christians 26 New Testament 466 Nicean Empire 430 Nikonian Chronicle 451, 459, 488, 489, 490, 504 Nikon’s Chronicle 325, 504 Nogai 4, 90, 139-41, 154, 203-4, 216-20 Nogai Horde 6, 268, 270, 276, 278 nomads 19-21 Noonan, T. 398 Northeast Rus’ 36-8 Northern Black Sea coast: Genoese emporia on 431-4; Venetian emporia on 431-4 Novgorod Episcopal Compilation of 1228 18 Novgorod First Chronicle see First Chronicle of Novgorod Novgorod First Chronicle of the New Edition 348 Novgorod First Chronicle of the Old Edition 507, 508 Novgorod Fourth Chronicle 504, 508 Novokreshchenov, P. 273 Odintsov, Boris 283 Official history of the Yuan Dynasty 65 Ögedei Khan 58-60, 99, 102, 487; and China land distribution 102-3; death 109—15, 213 Oghul Qaimish, regent of Mongol Empire 253 Oghuz State’ 201 Olberi 45 Old Rus’ images of Mongols 475—80 Old Testament 466 Olgerd, Grand Duke of Lithuania 7, 8 Olomouc, Corpus Christi Chapel 123, 124 Orthodox Christians 412 Orthodox Church 489, 505 Orthodox Muscovites 412 Orthodoxy 341 ortog 392-4 Ottokar II, King of Bohemia 313 Ottomans 375, 377-8, 391, 400, 415, 416,
436 Ottoman Turks 400, 475 Ovtsa-Khovrin, D. V. 270, 271—2 Özbeg Khan 11, 46, 61, 163, 178, 180, 182, 204, 222-4, 501; ascension 501-3; ascension in Rus’ sources 504-5; and Golden Horde 397; Islamization of Golden Horde during 501-9; and Marniuk Egypt 315 Pachymeres, George 198, 215, 216, 217 Painter, G. 24
Index Palacký, František 127 Panaitescu, P. P. 350 Paris, Matthew 466-9, 470, 480 Patkanov, K. 24 Patvaróczy, Peter 166 Pavlov, Plamen 194 Pax Mongolica 206, 391, 392, 400, 405, 429 the Pechenegs 20 Peí Shin 25 Peretiatkovich, G. 276 Petrov, A. E. 450 Philip II Augustus 428 the Plague (the ‘Black death’) 12 ‘plenniki’ 235 Pliukhanova, M. B. 459 Podillia: consolidation of Koriat’s sons in 350-1; and sons of Lithuanian prince Koriat 343-5 Podillian Tatars 350 Pogossian, Z. 24 Pogozhin, M. 270 Poland: annexation of Halychyna 183-5; invasions in 1241 83-9; invasions in 1259-60 89; invasions in 1280, 1287, and 1293 89-90; Mongol invasions of 82-95; see also Kingdom of Poland Polish-Lithuanian treaty of 1352 349 Polish-Ottoman wars 416 political loyalty 57-8 Ponces d’Aubon, Master of the Order of the Knights 85, 93 Pope Alexander IV 46, 313, 493 Pope Benedict XII 178-82, 504 Pope Clement VI 344, 345 Pope Gregory the Great (Gregory I, ca. 540-604) 465 Pope Honorius III 192 Pope Innocent IV 197, 215 Pope Innocent VI 5, 185 Pope John XXII 177-8, 223, 504 Pope Urban IV 313 Pope Urban V 184 Poppo von Osterna 84-5 Pór, Antal 163, 165-6, 169 Porus, Indian King 451 Povestei o Nikole Zarazskom (Tales of St. Nicholas of Zarazsk) 39 Povesť о razorenii Ryazani Batyem (Tale of the Destruction of Ryazan) 39 Pray, György 167-8 Prester John 2, 191-2 Primary Chronicle 19-20 Prince Carbon 45 Prince Kölgen 3 Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal 37 princes, serving 294-302 Prince Vsevolod of Kyiv 20 Principality of Moldavia 350 521 Priselkov, M. D. 325 Pulad Khan 369 Qara-Khitan 27, 29 Qazan Khan 163 ‘Qipchaq’
axis 202 Qipchaqs 45, 64-5 Qubilai Khan 162, 488 Queen Elizabeth 152 Queen Rusudan of Georgia 192 Quilichino of Spoletto 16, 22 Qutlugh, Temiir 8 Qutlugh Malik, Berke’s commander 216 Radziwi Chronicle 11, 480—1 von Ranke, Leopold 449 Raymund of Lichtenburg, Captain of Moravia 124 Regal Book 475 Revelation of Pseudo-Methodius ofPatara 15-16, 19-21 Riasanovsky, Valentin A.: The Fundamental Principles of Mongol Law 487 Riccardo, Friar 27-8 Richard I, Monarch ofEngland 428 Robert ofEsztergom 161 Roger of Torre Maggiore 27 Roger of Várad 213 Rogozhsky Chronicle 324, 504, 508 Roman Catholic Church 316 Romance ofAlexander (Chronographie Alexandria) 10, 450, 452, 460 Roman de Godefroy de Bouillon 474 Roman Empire 426 Roman Pope John XXII 409 Romans 454-5, 478 Romhányi, Beatrix 107 Roublev, Michel 395 Rowell, S. C. 315 Rowell, Stephen 177 de Rubrouck, Guillaume 59, 67 Rudakov, V. N. 18 Rukhneddin Kilii-Arslan IV, Sultan ofRûm 197 Rukn al-Din Kilij Arslan IV 252 Ruotsala, Antti 191 Rus’: chronicles 17-19; sources, Özbeg’s ascension in 504-5; and trade with Moslem East 398-400 Rus’ principalities 5-6, 9, 11, 18, 99; basqaqs in 237; and Cumans 19; invasion of 36; Mongol army conquering of 235 Russian bureaucracy 291 Russian Chronograph 455 Russian Empire 412 Russian History Dating Back to the Most Ancient Times (Tatischev) 253
Index Russian-Nogai relations 269-80 Russian state: and Crimean Khanate 280-1; military conflicts with Great Horde 281-4 ‘Russian trail’ 16 Ruthenians 410 Ryazan 37-40 Ryazan princes: Batu Khan negotiations with 41-3, 52-4; Batu Khan's tactics of deception and provocation 61-3; final reply to Batu Khan 63-6; peaceful submission to Mongols 55; see also specific Ryazan princes Ryazan Principality 38 Rybakov, B. A. 397 Solov’ev, S. M. 256 Song ofAvdot’ia ofRiazan 456 ‘the sons of Ishmaeľ 20 Sóvári, George 139, 146 Sparapet, Smbat 47 Speculum Historíale (Vincent of Beauvais) 37 Speranskii, M. N. 455 Spuler, Bertold 105 St Adalbert of Prague 161 Stephen II Uroš Milutin, Serbian King 139, 219 Stephen I of Hungary 161 Stephen V, King of Hungary 147 St Jadwiga 88 St. Nerses 23 The Story about the Campaign against Novgorod in 1471 454 Story of Mercurius of Smolensk 459 Story of the Campaign against Novgorod 458 The Story of the Conquest of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453 454-5 Story of the Destruction of Riazan by Batu 459 Štramberk 122-3 Suky, Nicholas 166 Suzdal’-Nizhnii Novgorod Principality 322 Svrljig Gospel 217 Székely, G. 138 Szepés county 145-8 Szõcs, T. 138 Sacerdoţeanu, A. 350 Sa‘id, Abu 49-51, 163 Saracens 410 Sáros county 141-4 Sayyid Ahmad II: Crimean Khanate struggle against 373-4; and Grand Duchy of Lithuania 373-4 Schmiedet, Felicitas 191 Second Crusade 428 Secret History of the Mongols 27, 50, 54, 59, 68, 99, 113 Seljuk Turks 20-1 Sempad, Constable of Cilician Armenia 197 Serbian Alexandria 450-4, 460 Serbian-Tatar agreement 220 Serbian version of the Alexander
Romance 479 Sercambi, Giovanni: Chronicle of Lucca 474 Shabul’do, F. M. 348 Shadibek Khan 369 Shah Muhammad 22 Shamanistic animism 487 shamans 67-8 shared spaces: Fourth Crusade and reassessment of428-31 Shaykh Ahmad Khan 378-9 Shengwu qinzheng lu 111 Shishman of Vidin 219-20 Shliapkin, I. 21 Sigismund of Luxembourg, Hungarian King 353, 370 Silesia 88-9, 119 Silk Road 412 silver century 394—5 Simeon, Prince of Moscow 321, 325 Simeonov's Chronicle 237, 324, 504 Simeon the Proud, Grand Duke of Moscow 7 Simon Ennius Klatovský 126 Simon of Saint-Quentin 37, 62, 67 Sinor, Denis 25, 110 Slivka, M. 143 Sochaczew Notes 184 Society ofjesus 122 Sofia First Chronicle of the Old Edition 504, 508 Tabakat-i Naşiri (Juzjani) 22 Taginia the Shirin’ 259 Tale of Mikhail of Tver’ 506 ‘Tale of Shcholkan’ 507-9 Tale of the Battle against Mamai 10, 449-60 Tale of the Battle on the Kalka River 2, 16, 17-19, 20, 29 Tale of the Destruction ofRyazan 39-43, 45, 48, 52, 55, 56-7, 61-3, 66, 71, 392, 488 Tale of the Rout of Mamai 479 Tale of the Translation of the Relics of St. Nicolas in 1087 20 Tamerlane 369; and Byzantine Empire 205-7; and Chinggisid Empire restoration 206 Tartkh-i Jahân-gushâ (the History of the World Conqueror) (Juvayni) 38 Tatár, Sarolta 100 Tatar-Mongol invasion 340 the Tatars 4-5, 6, 9, 46, 165-7, 391, 410; and Armenians 9; attack on Thrace 204; in Bulgarian service 220-1; and Byzantine armies clash 218; conquests in Eurasia before the Great Western Campaign 21-8; and divination 67; hegemony in the Bulgarian lands 212-5; and Hungarian campaign 164-8; inroads into Transylvania
164; invasion of Hungary of 1285 162; Lithuanians and 311-17; -Mongol rumour 24-8; relations 522
Index with Bulgarian Kingdom 216; serving tsars in 294-302; as ‘Torgomeans’ 24; tout court 316 Tatar states 268-81 Tatischev, Vasilii 253 ‘Taurmenia’ 19 Temiir Khan 369 Temtir Qutlugh Khan 354, 369 Teutonic Knights 313 Teutonic Order 7, 84-5, 177, 178, 312-13, 317, 323, 325, 328, 349 Theodore H Lascaris, Emperor of Nicaea 196, 198-9 Theodore of Antioch 22-3 Theodore Svetoslav, Bulgarian Tsar 204, 220-3 Theresa, Maria 126 Third Crusade 428 Thirty Years’ War 121 Thomas, son of Hippolyt 141, 144 Thomas of Cantimpré 213 Thomas of Spalato 213 Thomas of Split 27, 105-6, 112 Thuroczy, Johannes 10, 163, 475 Tiesenhausen, V. G. 254 ‘Time of Troubles’ 341, 346 Timur-i-Lang see Tamerlane Tödä Mongkä 139 Tölä Buqa 4, 139-41, 150,153, 154, 238-9 Tölä Buqa Khan 250-2, 502 Toqta Khan 115, 204, 220, 221-2 Toqtam'ish Khan 206, 352, 354, 368-9; and Battle of Kulikovo Field 351-4; and Lithuanian-Horde’s relations under 351—4 Toqto’a 50 ‘Torgomeans’ 24 the Torks 20 the Tortmens 20 Traidenis, Grand Duke 314 Transfiguration Cathedral 342 Trans-Volga Horde 267 Transylvania 4, 100, 102, 152, 164 Traska’s Annals 179 Trebizond Empire 192 Trepavlov, V. V. 275, 277 Trinity Chronicle 324 Trinity-monastery codex of the Life of St Sergius of Radonezh 479 Trojan War 454, 455, 457 Tsates-Armenians 410 Tsates-Greeks 410 Turks: in Grand Principality of Moscow 291-302; Meshchera Tatars 292-4; Muscovite Tatars 291-2; serving Tatar tsars and princes 294-302 Tver’ case (1348) 252-5 Tver’ Chronicle 508 Tver’ uprising of 1327 507—9 Typographical Chronicle 504 523 Uličný, F. 145 Ulugh Muhammad Khan 258, 260-1, 267,
295, 371 ulus ofjochi: Latin sources about religious situation in 503-4 Utoga 67 Uzbek Khanate 267 Václav Hájek of Libocany 125—6, 128 Vakhtang III, king of Georgia 47, 253 Vardapet, Vanakan 24, 26 Vásáry, István 106, 236-7 Vasilii II Vasil’evich 268 Vasilii Ivanovich, Prince of Smolensk 346 Vasilii of Kashin 249, 253-4, 257 Vasilii of Moscow 259, 260 Venetian-Byzantine treaty 427 Venetian emporia on Northern Black Sea coast 431-4 Venetian shipbuilding industry 439 Venice: Arab markets and merchants from 427; commerchium 436; during the epidemic outbreak 439; in Golden Horde 425-40; as Italian maritime republic 427; Khan Özbeg granting charter to 399; Mongol reaction in 436; peace between Genoa and 437; relations between Genoa and 432-4; Senate of Venice 421n64; uncertainty in 436 Vernadsky, George V. 296, 391, 395 Veselovsky, N.I. 68 Villani, Giovanni 223 Villani, Matteo 167-9 Vincent of Beauvais 37 Virgin Mary 121 Vision of St. Nerses 24 Vita Beatae Hedwigis (Ludwig’s Hedwig codex) 470 Vlachs 106 Vladimir Chronicle of 1228 18 Vladimir Kuchkin 506 Vladimir of Chernigov 20 Vladimir of Volhynia 250-2 Vladimir Ol’gerdovich 348, 354 Vladimir Vasil’kovich, Volhynian Prince 176 Volga Bulgaria 36 Volhynia: Lithuanian expansion in 341-3 Vologda-Perm' Chronicle 504 Vsevolod of Kholm 253, 254, 257 Vsevolozhskii, Ivan 258, 260 Vytautas, Grand Duke of Lithuania 8, 368-9 Vytenis, Grand Duke 315 Wagner, K. 144 Wallachia 100, 103, 105, 109, 164, 213, 224 Wanyan Yongji, Jin emperor 44 wars: of Hungary with Lithuania and Tatars 345-6; of Poland with Lithuania and Tatars 345-6
Index Wasilewski, T. 347 Weiming Anquan, Tangut king 44 Wenceslaus I, Bohemian King 119-21, 124 Wenceslaus II, Czech King 143-4 Wertner, Mór 166 West: strategy of family confederation in 45-7 Western Europe 425, 439 Western missionaries 504 William of Rubruck 25, 101, 106, 114, 198, 215 Władysław I Łokietek, King of Poland 176-7 Wroclaw University Library 470 Yarliq and church 494-7 Yuan China 395, 401 Yuan Shi (the History of Yuan) 38, 100, 102-3, 107 Bayerische ì Wsbibliothek München Yurievich, Fedor 3, 41-3, 44, 48-9, 51; murder of 52, 64; oath of allegiance 54—5; violation of the oath of allegiance 54—5 Yuri of Volodimir 42 Yuri Vsevolodovich, Grand Prince of Vladimir 37, 39, 41-2, 56, 64, 69 Zabolotskii, A. G. 279 Zadonshchina 39 Zak‘arian, Ivane 47 Zatorski, Wacław 3, 95 Zdeslav of Sternberg 125 Zimin, A. A. Tib Zimonyi, István 99-100 Zólyom county 150-2 524
The Routledge Handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe offers a comprehensive overview of the Mongols' military, political, socio-economic, and cultural relations with Central and Eastern European nations between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous land empire in history, and one which contributed to the establishment of political, commercial, and cultural contacts between all Eurasian regions. The Golden Horde, founded in Eastern Europe by Chinggis Khans grandson, Batu, in the thirteenth century, was the dominant power in the region. For two hundred years, all of the countries and peoples of Central and Eastern Europe had to reckon with a powerful centralized state with enormous military potential. Some chose to submit to the Mongols, whilst others defended their independence, but none could avoid the influence of this powerful empire. In this book, 25 chapters examine this crucial period in Central-Eastern European history, including trade, confrontation, and cultural and religious exchange between the Mongols and their neighbours. This book will be an essential reference for scholars and students of the Mongols, and also those interested in the political, social, and economic history of medieval Central-Eastern Europe. |
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| author2 | Majorov, Aleksandr V. 1969- Hautala, Roman 1973- |
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| author_facet | Majorov, Aleksandr V. 1969- Hautala, Roman 1973- |
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| classification_rvk | NM 4600 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1257531367 (DE-599)KXP1752282140 |
| dewey-full | 943.7/0223 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 943 - Germany & central Europe |
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| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1200-1500 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1200-1500 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Osteuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV047443013 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:01:26Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:12:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780367409326 9781032044231 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032845162 |
| oclc_num | 1257531367 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-739 DE-703 DE-384 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-739 DE-703 DE-384 |
| physical | xx, 524 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20211015 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Routledge history handbooks |
| spelling | The Routledge handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe political, economic, and cultural relations edited by Alexander V. Maiorov and Roman Hautala Handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe London ; New York Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2021 xx, 524 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Routledge history handbooks Includes bibliographical references and index "The Routledge Handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe offers a comprehensive overview of the Mongols' military, political, socio-economic and cultural relations with Central and Eastern European nations between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous land empire in history, and one which contributed to the establishment of political, commercial and cultural contacts between all Eurasian regions. The Golden Horde, founded in Eastern Europe by Chinggis Khan's grandson, Batu, in the thirteenth century, was the dominant power in the region. For two hundred years, all of the countries and peoples of Central and Eastern Europe had to reckon with a powerful centralized state with enormous military potential. Some chose to submit to the Mongols whilst others defended their independence, but none could avoid the influence of this powerful empire. In this book, twenty-five chapters examine this crucial period in Central-Eastern European history, including trade, confrontation, and cultural and religious exchange between the Mongols and their neighbours. This book will be an essential reference for scholars and students of the Mongols, as well those interested in the political, social and economic history of medieval Central-Eastern Europe Geschichte 1200-1500 gnd rswk-swf Mongolen (DE-588)4040054-2 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd rswk-swf Mongols / History / To 1500 / Handbooks, manuals, etc Europe / History / 476-1492 / Handbooks, manuals, etc Europe, Central / Relations Europe, Eastern / Relations International relations Mongols Central Europe Eastern Europe Europe To 1500 Handbooks and manuals History (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 g Mongolen (DE-588)4040054-2 s Geschichte 1200-1500 z DE-604 Majorov, Aleksandr V. 1969- (DE-588)1084823896 edt Hautala, Roman 1973- (DE-588)1154446417 edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-367-80995-9 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032845162&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032845162&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032845162&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | The Routledge handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe political, economic, and cultural relations Mongolen (DE-588)4040054-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4040054-2 (DE-588)4075739-0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | The Routledge handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe political, economic, and cultural relations |
| title_alt | Handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe |
| title_auth | The Routledge handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe political, economic, and cultural relations |
| title_exact_search | The Routledge handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe political, economic, and cultural relations |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The Routledge handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe political, economic, and cultural relations |
| title_full | The Routledge handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe political, economic, and cultural relations edited by Alexander V. Maiorov and Roman Hautala |
| title_fullStr | The Routledge handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe political, economic, and cultural relations edited by Alexander V. Maiorov and Roman Hautala |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Routledge handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe political, economic, and cultural relations edited by Alexander V. Maiorov and Roman Hautala |
| title_short | The Routledge handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe |
| title_sort | the routledge handbook of the mongols and central eastern europe political economic and cultural relations |
| title_sub | political, economic, and cultural relations |
| topic | Mongolen (DE-588)4040054-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Mongolen Osteuropa Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032845162&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032845162&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032845162&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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