Felix Klein: visions for mathematics, applications, and education
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
[2021]
|
| Edition: | Revised |
| Series: | Volume 20
20 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | xx, 677 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783030757847 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Tobies, Renate |d 1947- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)134123204 |4 aut | |
| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a Felix Klein: Visionen für Mathematik, Anwendungen und Unterricht |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Felix Klein |b visions for mathematics, applications, and education |c Renate Tobies |
| 250 | |a Revised | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cham |b Springer |c [2021] | |
| 264 | 4 | |a Cham |b Birkhäuser |c [2021] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c ©2021 | |
| 300 | |a xx, 677 Seiten |b Illustrationen |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Vita Mathematica |v volume 20 | |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Klein, Felix |d 1849-1925 |0 (DE-588)11856286X |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 4 | |a History of Mathematical Sciences | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mathematics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a History | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Mathematik |0 (DE-588)4037944-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4006804-3 |a Biografie |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Klein, Felix |d 1849-1925 |0 (DE-588)11856286X |D p |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Klein, Felix |d 1849-1925 |0 (DE-588)11856286X |D p |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Mathematik |0 (DE-588)4037944-9 |D s |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1808587949167607808 |
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CONTENTS
PREFACE
.
VII
LIST
OF
TABLES
LIST
OF
FIGURES
.
XVIII
1
INTRODUCTION
.
1
1.1
THE
STATE
OF
RESEARCH
.
3
1.2
GUIDING
QUESTIONS
.
8
1.3
EDITORIAL
REMARKS
.
13
2
FORMATIVE
GROUPS
.
17
2.1
THE
KLEIN-KAYSER
FAMILY
.
17
2.1.1
A
ROYALIST
AND
FRUGAL
WESTPHALIAN
UPBRINGING
.
17
2.1.2
TALENT
IN
SCHOOL
AND
WIDE
INTERESTS
AS
GIFTS
FROM HIS
MOTHER'S
SIDE
.
20
2.1.3
FELIX
KLEIN
AND
HIS
SIBLINGS
.
21
2.2
SCHOOL
YEARS
IN
DUESSELDORF
.
22
2.2.1
EARNING
HIS
ABITUR
FROM
A
GYMNASIUM
AT
THE
AGE
OF
SIXTEEN
.
23
2.2.2
EXAMINATION
QUESTIONS
IN MATHEMATICS
.
25
2.2.3
INTERESTS
IN
NATURAL
SCIENCE
DURING
HIS
SCHOOL
YEARS
.
26
2.3
STUDIES
AND
DOCTORATE IN
BONN
.
28
2.3.1
COURSEWORK
AND
SEMINAR
AWARDS
.
29
2.3.2
ASSISTANTSHIP
AND A
REWARD
FOR
WINNING
A
PHYSICS
CONTEST
.
34
2.3.3
ASSISTING
JULIUS PLUECKER'S
RESEARCH
IN GEOMETRY
.
36
2.3.4
DOCTORAL
PROCEDURE
.
40
2.4
JOINING
ALFRED
CLEBSCH'S THOUGHT
COMMUNITY
.
45
2.4.1
THE
CLEBSCH
SCHOOL
.
47
2.4.2
THE
JOURNAL MATHEMATISCHE
ANNALEN
.
53
2.4.3
ARTICLES
ON
LINE
GEOMETRY,
1869
.
58
2.5
BROADENING
HIS HORIZONS
IN
BERLIN
.
61
2.5.1
THE
PROFESSORS
IN
BERLIN
AND
FELIX
KLEIN
.
62
2.5.2
ACQUAINTANCES FROM
THE
MATHEMATICAL
UNION:
KIEPERT, LIE,
STOLZ. 66
2.5.3
CAYLEY'S
METRIC
AND
KLEIN'S
NON-EUCLIDEAN
INTERPRETATION
.
71
2.6
IN
PARIS
WITH
SOPHUS LIE
.
73
2.6.1
FELIX
KLEIN
AND
FRENCH
MATHEMATICIANS
.
74
2.6.2
COLLABORATIVE
WORK
WITH
SOPHUS
LIE
.
78
2.6.2.1
NOTES
ON
W-CONFIGURATIONS
78
XI
$
B1IOTHEK
DEUTSCHES
MUSEUM
HLUENCHE'A
XII
CONTENTS
2.6.2.2
PRINCIPAL TANGENT
CURVES
OF
THE
KUMMER SURFACE
80
2.6.3 A REPORT
ON
MATHEMATICS
IN
PARIS
.
82
2.7 THE
FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR
AND
KLEIN'S HABILITATION
.
83
2.7.1 WARTIME SERVICE
AS A
PARAMEDIC
AND
ITS EFFECTS
.
84
2.7.2 HABILITATION
.
88
2.8
TIME
AS A
PRIVATDOZENT
IN
GOTTINGEN
.
90
2.8.1 KLEIN'S TEACHING ACTIVITY
AND
ITS CONTEXT
.
91
2.8.2
AN
OVERVIEW
OF
KLEIN'S RESEARCH RESULTS
AS A
PRIVATDOZENT.
98
2.8.3
DISCUSSION
GROUPS
.
110
2.8.3.1 A THREE-MAN CLUB
WITH
CLEBSCH
AND
RIECKE
110
2.8.3.2 THE MATHEMATICAL
AND
NATURAL- SCI
ENTIFI C
STUDENT
UNION
113
2.8.3.3 A SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE: ESKIMO
115
2.8.3.4 THE "SOCIAL
ACTIVITY"
OF
BRINGING MATHEMATICIANS
TOGETHER
117
3A
PROFESSORSHIP
AT
THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
ERLANGEN
.
123
3.1 RESEARCH TRENDS
AND
DOCTORAL STUDENTS
.
125
3.1.1 THE VISION
OF
THE
ERLANGEN PROGRAM
.
126
3.1.2
KLEIN'S
STUDENTS
IN
ERLANGEN
.
132
3.1.3
NEW RESEARCH TRENDS
.
138
3.1.3.1
ON
A
NEW TYPE
OF
RIEMANN SURFACE
139
3.1.3.2
THE
THEORY
OF
EQUATIONS
143
3.2
INAUGURAL LECTURE:
A
PLAN
FOR MATHEMATICAL EDUCATION
.
144
3.3
FIRST TRIP
TO
GREAT BRITAIN, 1873
.
147
3.4 TRIPS
TO
ITALY
.
153
3.5 DEVELOPING
THE
MATHEMATICAL INSTITUTION
.
158
3.6 FAMILY MATTERS
.
160
3.6.1 HIS
FRIENDS
MARRY
AND
KLEIN FOLLOWS SUIT
.
161
3.6.2
KLEIN'S
FATHER-IN-LAW,
THE
HISTORIAN KARL HEGEL
.
164
3.6.3
ANNA
HEGEL,
FELIX
KLEIN,
AND
THEIR FAMILY
.
166
4A PROFESSORSHIP
AT
THE
POLYTECHNIKUM
IN
MUNICH
.
171
4.1 A NEW INSTITUTE
AND
NEW TEACHING ACTIVITY
.
173
4.1.1 CREATING
A
MATHEMATICAL INSTITUTE
.
174
4.1.2 REORGANIZING
THE
CURRICULUM
.
176
4.2 DEVELOPING HIS MATHEMATICAL INDIVIDUALITY
.
178
4.2.1 THE ICOSAHEDRON EQUATION
.
179
4.2.2 NUMBER
THEORY
.
183
4.2.3
ELLIPTIC
MODULAR FUNCTIONS
.
184
4.2.4 KLEIN'S CIRCLE
OF
STUDENTS
IN
MUNICH
.
191
4.2.4.1
PHASE
1: 1875-1876
191
4.2.4.2
PHASE
II: 1876-1880
193
4.3 DISCUSSION
GROUPS
IN
MUNICH
.
201
CONTENTS
XIII
4.3.1
A
MATHEMATICAL
DISCUSSION
GROUP
WITH
ENGINEERS
AND
NATURAL
SCIENTISTS
.
201
4.3.2
THE
MATHEMATICAL
STUDENT
UNION
AND
THE
MATHEMATICAL
SOCIETY.
204
4.3.3
THE
MEETING
OF
NATURAL
SCIENTISTS
IN MUNICH,
1877
.
205
4.4
"READY
AGAIN
FOR
A
UNIVERSITY
IN
A
SMALL
CITY"
.
208
5A
PROFESSORSHIP
FOR
GEOMETRY
IN
LEIPZIG
.
213
5.1
KLEIN'S
START
IN
LEIPZIG
AND
HIS
INAUGURAL
ADDRESS
.
215
5.2
CREATING
A
NEW
MATHEMATICAL INSTITUTION
.
218
5.3
TEACHING
PROGRAM
.
221
5.3.1
LECTURES:
ORGANIZATION, REORIENTATION,
AND
DEVIATION
FROM
THE
PLAN
.
221
5.3.2
THE
MATHEMATICAL
COLLOQUIUM
/
EXERCISES
/
SEMINAR
.
227
5.4
THE
KLEINIAN
"FLOCK"
.
232
5.4.1
POST-DOCTORAL
MATHEMATICIANS
.
233
5.4.2
KLEIN'S
FOREIGN
STUDENTS
IN
LEIPZIG
.
243
5.4.2.1
THE
FIRST FRENCHMAN
AND
THE
FIRST
BRITON
244
5.4.2.2
THE
FIRST AMERICANS
245
5.4.2.3
THE ITALIANS
246
5.4.2.4
MATHEMATICIANS
FROM SWITZERLAND
AND
AUSTRIA-
HUNGARY
248
5.4.2.5
RUSSIAN
AND
OTHER EASTERN
EUROPEAN
CONTACTS
250
5.5
FIELDS
OF
RESEARCH
.
252
5.5.1
MATHEMATICAL
PHYSICS
/
PHYSICAL
MATHEMATICS
.
253
5.5.1.1
LAME'S FUNCTION,
POTENTIAL
THEORY,
AND
CARL NEUMANN
253
5.5.1.2
ON
RIEMANN'S
THEORY
OF
ALGEBRAIC
FUNCTIONS
AND
THEIR
INTEGRALS
255
5.5.2
LOOKING
TOWARD BERLIN
.
260
5.5.2.1
GATHERING
SOURCES
260
5.5.2.2
THE
DIRICHLET
PRINCIPLE
261
5.5.2.3
KLEIN'S
SEMINAR
ON
THE
THEORY
OF
ABELIAN
FUNCTIONS
(1882)
264
5.5.2.4
OPENNESS
VS.
PARTIALITY
266
5.5.3
LOOKING
TOWARD FRANCE
.
267
5.5.3.1
FRENCH
CONTRIBUTORS
TO
MATHEMATISCHE
ANNALEN
267
5.5.3.2
KLEIN'S
CORRESPONDENCE
WITH
POINCARE
269
5.5.4
THREE
FUNDAMENTAL
THEOREMS
.
272
5.5.4.1
THE LOOP-CUT
THEOREM
(RUECKKEHRSCHNITTTHEOREM)
273
5.5.4.2
THEOREM
OF
THE
LIMIT-CIRCLE
(GRENZKREISTHEOREM)
273
5.5.4.3
THE
(GENERAL) FUNDAMENTAL
THEOREM
277
5.5.4.4
REMARKS
ON
THE
PROOFS
279
5.5.5
THE
POLEMIC
ABOUT AND WITH
LAZARUS
FUCHS
.
282
5.5.6
THE
LCOSAHEDRON BOOK
.
286
5.5.7
A
BOOK
ON
THE
THEORY
OF
ELLIPTIC
MODULAR
FUNCTIONS
.
291
XIV
CONTENTS
5.5.7.1
SUPPLEMENTING
THE
THEORY 291
5.5.7.2 WHO
SHOULD
BE
THE
EDITOR?
-
GEORG PICK 294
5.5.8
HYPERELLIPTIC
AND
ABELIAN
FUNCTIONS
.
298
5.6
FELIX
KLEIN
AND
ALFRED
ACKERMANN-TEUBNER
.
300
5.7
FELIX KLEIN
IN
LEIPZIG'S
INTELLECTUAL COMMUNITIES
.
307
5.7.1 A MATHEMATICIANS'
CIRCLE
.
308
5.7.2
THE
SOCIETAS
JABLONOVIANA
.
308
5.7.3
THE ROYAL
SAXON SOCIETY
OF
SCIENCES IN
LEIPZIG
.
310
5.8
TURNING HIS
BACK
ON
LEIPZIG
.
314
5.8.1
WEIGHING
OFFERS
FROM
OXFORD
AND
JOHNS
HOPKINS
.
314
5.8.2 THE
PHYSICIST EDUARD RIECKE
ARRANGES
KLEIN'S MOVE
TO
GOETTINGEN
.
316
5.8.3 THE
APPOINTMENT
OF
SOPHUS
LIE
AS
KLEIN'S SUCCESSOR
-
AND
THE
REACTIONS
.
320
6
THE
START
OF
KLEIN'S PROFESSORSHIP IN
GOETTINGEN,
1886-1892
.
325
6.1 FAMILY CONSIDERATIONS
.
326
6.2 DEALING
WITH
COLLEAGUES, TEACHING,
AND
CURRICULUM PLANNING
.
328
6.2.1
THE
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN
KLEIN
AND
SCHWARZ
.
328
6.2.2
THE
GOETTINGEN
PRIVATDOZENTEN HOELDER
AND
SCHOENFLIES
.
329
6.2.3
KLEIN'S
TEACHING
IN CONTEXT
.
332
6.3 INDEPENDENT
AND
COLLABORATIVE
RESEARCH
.
331
6.3.1 THE
THEORY
OF
FINITE
GROUPS
OF
LINEAR
SUBSTITUTIONS:
THE THEORY
OF
SOLVING
EQUATIONS
OF
HIGHER DEGREE
.
331
6.3.2 HYPERELLIPTIC
AND
ABELIAN FUNCTIONS
.
339
6.3.3 THE THEORY
OF
ELLIPTIC MODULAR
FUNCTIONS
(MONOGRAPH)
.
341
6.3.4
THE
THEORY
OF
AUTOMORPHIC
FUNCTIONS
(MONOGRAPH)
.
343
6.3.5 THE
THEORY
OF
LAME FUNCTIONS
AND
POTENTIAL THEORY
.
344
6.3.6 REFRESHING HIS
WORK
ON
GEOMETRY
.
341
6.3.7 VISIONS:
INTERNATIONALITY, CRYSTALLOGRAPHY,
HILBERT'S INVARIANT
THEORY
.
352
6.3.7.1
AN
EYE
ON
DEVELOPMENTS
ABROAD
352
6.3.7.2 ARTHUR
SCHOENFLIES
AND
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 356
6.3.7.3 FELIX KLEIN
AND
HILBERT'S INVARIANT THEORY
351
6.4
BRINGING
PEOPLE
AND
INSTITUTIONS TOGETHER
.
361
6.4.1
THE
PROFESSORIUM
IN
GOETTINGEN
.
361
6.4.2 A PROPOSAL
TO
RELOCATE
THE
TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE
IN
HANOVER
TO
GOETTINGEN
.
362
6.4.3 THE
IDEA
OF
REORGANIZING
THE
GOETTINGEN
SOCIETY
OF
SCIENCES
.
364
6.4.4 FELIX KLEIN
AND
THE
FOUNDING
OF
THE
GERMAN
MATHEMATICAL
SOCIETY
.
361
6.5
THE
PIVOTAL YEAR
OF
1892
.
373
6.5.1
REFILLING
VACANT
PROFESSORSHIPS
IN
PRUSSIA
.
373
CONTENTS
XV
6.5.1.1
BERLIN, BRESLAU,
AND
KLEIN'S
SYSTEM
FOR CLASSIFYING
STYLES
OF
THOUGHT
373
6.5.1.2
HIRING
A
SUCCESSOR
FOR
H. A.
SCHWARZ
IN
GOETTINGEN
377
6.5.2
A JOB OFFER FROM
THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
MUNICH
AND
THE
CONSEQUENCES
.
379
7
SETTING
THE
COURSE,
1892/93-1895
.
383
7.1
KLEIN'S
ASSISTANTS
AND
HIS
PRINCIPLES
FOR CHOOSING
THEM
.
385
7.2
THE
GOETTINGEN
MATHEMATICAL
SOCIETY
.
392
7.3
TURNING
TO
SECONDARY SCHOOL
TEACHERS
.
397
7.4
A
TRIP
TO
THE
UNITED STATES
.
401
7.4.1
THE
WORLD'S FAIR
IN
CHICAGO
AND
THE
MATHEMATICAL
CONGRESS
.
401
7.4.2
TWELVE
LECTURES
BY
KLEIN:
THE
EVANSTON
COLLOQUIUM
.
404
7.4.3
TRAVELING
FROM
UNIVERSITY
TO
UNIVERSITY
.
406
7.4.4
REPERCUSSIONS
.
407
7.5
THE
BEGINNINGS
OF
WOMEN STUDYING
MATHEMATICS
.
411
7.6
ACTUARIAL
MATHEMATICS
AS
A
COURSE
OF
STUDY
.
418
7.7
CONTACTING
ENGINEERS
AND
INDUSTRIALISTS
.
421
7.8
THE
ENCYKLOPAEDIE
PROJECT
.
425
7.9
KLEIN
SUCCEEDS
IN
HIRING DAVID HILBERT
.
434
8
THE
FRUITS
OF
KLEIN'S
EFFORTS, 1895-1913
.
437
8.1
A
CENTER
FOR
MATHEMATICS,
NATURAL
SCIENCES,
AND
TECHNOLOGY
.
438
8.1.1
THE
GOETTINGEN
ASSOCIATION
.
439
8.1.2
APPLIED
MATHEMATICS
IN
THE
NEW
EXAMINATION
REGULATIONS
AND
THE
CONSEQUENCES
.
445
8.1.3
AERONAUTICAL
RESEARCH
.
.
450
8.2
MAINTAINING
HIS
SCIENTIFIC REPUTATION
.
454
8.2.1
AUTOMORPHIC
FUNCTIONS
(MONOGRAPH)
.
455
8.2.2
GEOMETRIC
NUMBER THEORY
.
457
8.2.3
A MONOGRAPH
ON
THE
THEORY
OF
THE
SPINNING
TOP
.
461
8.2.4
INSPIRING
IDEAS
IN
THE
FIELDS
OF
MATHEMATICAL
PHYSICS
AND
TECHNOLOGY
.
465
8.2.4.1
HYDRODYNAMICS
/
HYDRAULICS
466
8.2.4.2
STATICS
468
8.2.4.3
THE THEORY
OF
FRICTION
471
8.2.4.4
THE
SPECIAL THEORY
OF
RELATIVITY
472
8.3
PROGRAM:
THE HISTORY, PHILOSOPHY,
PSYCHOLOGY,
AND
INSTRUCTION
OF
MATHEMATICS
.
474
8.3.1
THE
HISTORY
OF
MATHEMATICS
.
477
8.3.2
PHILOSOPHICAL
ASPECTS
.
481
8.3.3
PSYCHOLOGICAL-EPISTEMOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS
.
490
8.3.4
THE
"KLEINIAN"
EDUCATIONAL REFORM
.
493
8.3.4.1 SUGGESTIONS
FOR
REFORM
500
XVI
CONTENTS
8.3.4.2
A POLEMIC
ABOUT
THE
TEACHING
OF
ANALYSIS
AT
THE
UNIVERSITY
508
8.4
INTERNATIONAL
SCIENTIFIC
COOPERATION
.
510
8.5 EARLY RETIREMENT
AND
HONORS
.
514
8.5.1 RECOVERING
AND
WORKING
IN
THE
HAHNENKLEE SANATORIUM
.
515
8.5.2 MAX LIEBERMANN'S
PORTRAIT
OF
FELIX KLEIN
.
519
8.5.3 THE SUCCESSORS
TO
KLEIN'S
PROFESSORSHIP
.
522
9
THE FIRST
WORLD WAR
AND
THE
POSTWAR PERIOD
.
528
9.1
POLITICAL
ACTIVITY DURING
THE
FIRST WORLD
WAR
.
526
9.1.1
THE
VOWS
OF
ALLEGIANCE
OF
GERMAN
PROFESSORS
TO
MILITARISM.
521
9.1.2 A PLEA
FOR
STUDYING
ABROAD
.
531
9.2 HISTORY
OF
MATHEMATICS,
THE
"CRY
FOR
HELP
OF
MODERN
PHYSICS,
"
AND
EDITION PROJECTS
.
534
9.2.1
REMARKS
ON
KLEIN'S
HISTORICAL LECTURES
.
536
9.2.2 FELIX KLEIN
AND
THE
GENERAL THEORY
OF
RELATIVITY
.
538
9.2.3 THE GOLDEN
ANNIVERSARY
OF
KLEIN'S
DOCTORATE,
AND
EDITION
PROD
ECTS
.
545
9.3
MATHEMATICAL
EDUCATION
-
INTERNATIONAL
AND
NATIONAL
.
548
9.3.1 THE
INTERNATIONAL
COMMISSION
ON
MATHEMATICAL INSTRUCTION
.
549
9.3.2 COUNTERING
THE
RESTRICTION
OF
MATHEMATICS
AND
THE
NATURAL
SCIENCES
.
551
9.4 SUPPORT
FOR
RESEARCH
.
556
9.4.1 THE
EMERGENCY
ASSOCIATION
OF
GERMAN SCIENCE
.
551
9.4.2 THE GAUSS-WEBER
/
HELMHOLTZ SOCIETY
.
560
9.5
END
OF
LIFE
.
564
10
CONCLUDING
REMARKS
.
569
10.1 A SUMMARY
OF
FINDINGS
.
570
ON
THE
CONTINUITY
OF
KLEIN
'S FIELD
OF
RESEARCH
.
570
CREATING FAVORABLE
CONDITIONS
FOR
GOOD SCIENTIFIC
WORK
.
57Y
FOCUSING
ON
PROBLEMS
OF
MATHEMATICAL
INSTRUCTION
AT
SCHOOLS
.
573
KLEIN'S
HANDLING
OF
HIS
HEALTH
PROBLEMS
.
573
A SUMMARY
OF
THE
ASPECTS
THAT
GUIDED
THE
RESEARCH
FOR
THE
PRESENT
BIOGRAPHY
514
10.2
A
PIONEER
.
58)
CONTENTS
XVII
APPENDIX:
A
SELECTION
OF
DOCUMENTS
.
593
1)
A
LETTER
FROM
FELIX
KLEIN
TO
HEINRICH
VON
MAEHLER,
THE
PRUSSIAN
MINISTER
OF
RELIGIOUS,
EDUCATIONAL,
AND
MEDICAL AFFAIRS (MINISTER
OF
CULTURE)
.
593
2)
AN
APPLICATION
SUBMITTED
BY
FELIX KLEIN
TO THE
ACADEMIC
SENATE
OF
THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
ERLANGEN FOR FUNDING
TO
IMPROVE
THE
COLLECTION
OF
THE
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY'S
MATHEMATICAL
SECTION
(NOVEMBER 15,1872).
594
3)
NOMINATION
OF
DR.
FELIX KLEIN,
FULL
PROFESSOR
OF MATHEMATICS
AT
THE
TECHNISCHE
HOCHSCHULE
IN
MUNICH,
TO
BE
MADE AN
EXTRAORDINARY
MEMBER
OF
THE
MATHEMATICAL-PHYSICAL
CLASS OF
THE
ROYAL
BAVARIAN
ACADEMY
OF
SCIENCES,
JUNE 7,1879
.
597
4)
A
REPORT
BY
THE
PHILOSOPHICAL
FACULTY
AT
THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
GOETTINGEN
CONCERNING
ITS
DECISION
TO
PROPOSE
FELIX KLEIN
AS
THE
SUCCESSOR
TO
MORITZ
ABRAHAM
STERN,
ALONG WITH SEPARATE OPINIONS
BY
THE
PROFES-
SORS
ERNST
SCHERING
AND
HERMANN
AMANDUS SCHWARZ
(JANUARY
1885)
.
598
5)
ON
THE
SCIENTIFIC
POLEMIC
BETWEEN
FELIX
KLEIN
AND
LAZARUS
FUCHS. AN
EXCERPT
OF
A
LETTER
(IN DRAFT FORM) FROM
FELIX KLEIN
TO
WILHELM
FOERSTER
(A
PROFESSOR
OF
ASTRONOMY
AT
THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
BERLIN),
JANUARY
15,1892
.
603
6)
LETTERS
CONCERNING
THE
POTENTIAL
SUCCESSOR
TO
H. A. SCHWARZ'S
FULL
PROFESSORSHIP
AT
THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
GOETTINGEN
.
605
7)
FELIX
KLEIN
ON
THE
DRAFT
OF
LUDWIG
BIEBERBACH'S
DISSERTATION,
WHICH
WAS
SUPERVISED
BY
THE
PRIVATDOZENT PAUL KOEBE
AT
THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
GOETTINGEN
.
607
8)
DR.
KLAUS,
A
NEUROLOGIST
AT
THE
SANATORIUM
FOR
NEUROLOGY
AND
INTERNAL
MEDICINE
IN
HAHNENKLEE:
TWO
REPORTS
ON
THE
STATE OF
FELIX KLEIN'S
HEALTH
.
608
9)
NOMINATION
OF
FELIX
KLEIN
TO
BE
MADE A CORRESPONDING MEMBER
OF
THE
ROYAL
PRUSSIAN
ACADEMY
OF
SCIENCES
IN
BERLIN, FEBRUARY 27,1913.
609
10)
SPEECHES
GIVEN
ON
MAY 25,1913
UPON
THE
PRESENTATION
OF
MAX
LIEBERMANN'S
PORTRAIT
TO
FELIX KLEIN
.
611
11)
VIRGIL
SNYDER
FROM
ITHACA (NEW
YORK)
TO
FELIX
KLEIN,
A
LETTER,
DATED
JULY
4,1924,
CONCERNING
THE
INTERNATIONAL
CONGRESS
OF
MATHEMA-
TICIANS
IN
TORONTO,
CANADA FROM
11 AUGUST
TO
16
AUGUST 1924
.
618
12)
DAVID
HILBERT'S
EULOGY
FOR
FELIX KLEIN,
DELIVERED
AT
THE
SESSION
OF
THE
GOETTINGEN
MATHEMATICAL
SOCIETY
HELD
ON
JUNE 23,1925,
ONE
DAY
AFTER
KLEIN'S
DEATH
.
621
BIBLIOGRAPHY
.
.
623
INDEX
OF
NAMES
.
655 |
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
PREFACE
.
VII
LIST
OF
TABLES
LIST
OF
FIGURES
.
XVIII
1
INTRODUCTION
.
1
1.1
THE
STATE
OF
RESEARCH
.
3
1.2
GUIDING
QUESTIONS
.
8
1.3
EDITORIAL
REMARKS
.
13
2
FORMATIVE
GROUPS
.
17
2.1
THE
KLEIN-KAYSER
FAMILY
.
17
2.1.1
A
ROYALIST
AND
FRUGAL
WESTPHALIAN
UPBRINGING
.
17
2.1.2
TALENT
IN
SCHOOL
AND
WIDE
INTERESTS
AS
GIFTS
FROM HIS
MOTHER'S
SIDE
.
20
2.1.3
FELIX
KLEIN
AND
HIS
SIBLINGS
.
21
2.2
SCHOOL
YEARS
IN
DUESSELDORF
.
22
2.2.1
EARNING
HIS
ABITUR
FROM
A
GYMNASIUM
AT
THE
AGE
OF
SIXTEEN
.
23
2.2.2
EXAMINATION
QUESTIONS
IN MATHEMATICS
.
25
2.2.3
INTERESTS
IN
NATURAL
SCIENCE
DURING
HIS
SCHOOL
YEARS
.
26
2.3
STUDIES
AND
DOCTORATE IN
BONN
.
28
2.3.1
COURSEWORK
AND
SEMINAR
AWARDS
.
29
2.3.2
ASSISTANTSHIP
AND A
REWARD
FOR
WINNING
A
PHYSICS
CONTEST
.
34
2.3.3
ASSISTING
JULIUS PLUECKER'S
RESEARCH
IN GEOMETRY
.
36
2.3.4
DOCTORAL
PROCEDURE
.
40
2.4
JOINING
ALFRED
CLEBSCH'S THOUGHT
COMMUNITY
.
45
2.4.1
THE
CLEBSCH
SCHOOL
.
47
2.4.2
THE
JOURNAL MATHEMATISCHE
ANNALEN
.
53
2.4.3
ARTICLES
ON
LINE
GEOMETRY,
1869
.
58
2.5
BROADENING
HIS HORIZONS
IN
BERLIN
.
61
2.5.1
THE
PROFESSORS
IN
BERLIN
AND
FELIX
KLEIN
.
62
2.5.2
ACQUAINTANCES FROM
THE
MATHEMATICAL
UNION:
KIEPERT, LIE,
STOLZ. 66
2.5.3
CAYLEY'S
METRIC
AND
KLEIN'S
NON-EUCLIDEAN
INTERPRETATION
.
71
2.6
IN
PARIS
WITH
SOPHUS LIE
.
73
2.6.1
FELIX
KLEIN
AND
FRENCH
MATHEMATICIANS
.
74
2.6.2
COLLABORATIVE
WORK
WITH
SOPHUS
LIE
.
78
2.6.2.1
NOTES
ON
W-CONFIGURATIONS
78
XI
$
B1IOTHEK
DEUTSCHES
MUSEUM
HLUENCHE'A
XII
CONTENTS
2.6.2.2
PRINCIPAL TANGENT
CURVES
OF
THE
KUMMER SURFACE
80
2.6.3 A REPORT
ON
MATHEMATICS
IN
PARIS
.
82
2.7 THE
FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR
AND
KLEIN'S HABILITATION
.
83
2.7.1 WARTIME SERVICE
AS A
PARAMEDIC
AND
ITS EFFECTS
.
84
2.7.2 HABILITATION
.
88
2.8
TIME
AS A
PRIVATDOZENT
IN
GOTTINGEN
.
90
2.8.1 KLEIN'S TEACHING ACTIVITY
AND
ITS CONTEXT
.
91
2.8.2
AN
OVERVIEW
OF
KLEIN'S RESEARCH RESULTS
AS A
PRIVATDOZENT.
98
2.8.3
DISCUSSION
GROUPS
.
110
2.8.3.1 A THREE-MAN CLUB
WITH
CLEBSCH
AND
RIECKE
110
2.8.3.2 THE MATHEMATICAL
AND
NATURAL- SCI
ENTIFI C
STUDENT
UNION
113
2.8.3.3 A SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE: ESKIMO
115
2.8.3.4 THE "SOCIAL
ACTIVITY"
OF
BRINGING MATHEMATICIANS
TOGETHER
117
3A
PROFESSORSHIP
AT
THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
ERLANGEN
.
123
3.1 RESEARCH TRENDS
AND
DOCTORAL STUDENTS
.
125
3.1.1 THE VISION
OF
THE
ERLANGEN PROGRAM
.
126
3.1.2
KLEIN'S
STUDENTS
IN
ERLANGEN
.
132
3.1.3
NEW RESEARCH TRENDS
.
138
3.1.3.1
ON
A
NEW TYPE
OF
RIEMANN SURFACE
139
3.1.3.2
THE
THEORY
OF
EQUATIONS
143
3.2
INAUGURAL LECTURE:
A
PLAN
FOR MATHEMATICAL EDUCATION
.
144
3.3
FIRST TRIP
TO
GREAT BRITAIN, 1873
.
147
3.4 TRIPS
TO
ITALY
.
153
3.5 DEVELOPING
THE
MATHEMATICAL INSTITUTION
.
158
3.6 FAMILY MATTERS
.
160
3.6.1 HIS
FRIENDS
MARRY
AND
KLEIN FOLLOWS SUIT
.
161
3.6.2
KLEIN'S
FATHER-IN-LAW,
THE
HISTORIAN KARL HEGEL
.
164
3.6.3
ANNA
HEGEL,
FELIX
KLEIN,
AND
THEIR FAMILY
.
166
4A PROFESSORSHIP
AT
THE
POLYTECHNIKUM
IN
MUNICH
.
171
4.1 A NEW INSTITUTE
AND
NEW TEACHING ACTIVITY
.
173
4.1.1 CREATING
A
MATHEMATICAL INSTITUTE
.
174
4.1.2 REORGANIZING
THE
CURRICULUM
.
176
4.2 DEVELOPING HIS MATHEMATICAL INDIVIDUALITY
.
178
4.2.1 THE ICOSAHEDRON EQUATION
.
179
4.2.2 NUMBER
THEORY
.
183
4.2.3
ELLIPTIC
MODULAR FUNCTIONS
.
184
4.2.4 KLEIN'S CIRCLE
OF
STUDENTS
IN
MUNICH
.
191
4.2.4.1
PHASE
1: 1875-1876
191
4.2.4.2
PHASE
II: 1876-1880
193
4.3 DISCUSSION
GROUPS
IN
MUNICH
.
201
CONTENTS
XIII
4.3.1
A
MATHEMATICAL
DISCUSSION
GROUP
WITH
ENGINEERS
AND
NATURAL
SCIENTISTS
.
201
4.3.2
THE
MATHEMATICAL
STUDENT
UNION
AND
THE
MATHEMATICAL
SOCIETY.
204
4.3.3
THE
MEETING
OF
NATURAL
SCIENTISTS
IN MUNICH,
1877
.
205
4.4
"READY
AGAIN
FOR
A
UNIVERSITY
IN
A
SMALL
CITY"
.
208
5A
PROFESSORSHIP
FOR
GEOMETRY
IN
LEIPZIG
.
213
5.1
KLEIN'S
START
IN
LEIPZIG
AND
HIS
INAUGURAL
ADDRESS
.
215
5.2
CREATING
A
NEW
MATHEMATICAL INSTITUTION
.
218
5.3
TEACHING
PROGRAM
.
221
5.3.1
LECTURES:
ORGANIZATION, REORIENTATION,
AND
DEVIATION
FROM
THE
PLAN
.
221
5.3.2
THE
MATHEMATICAL
COLLOQUIUM
/
EXERCISES
/
SEMINAR
.
227
5.4
THE
KLEINIAN
"FLOCK"
.
232
5.4.1
POST-DOCTORAL
MATHEMATICIANS
.
233
5.4.2
KLEIN'S
FOREIGN
STUDENTS
IN
LEIPZIG
.
243
5.4.2.1
THE
FIRST FRENCHMAN
AND
THE
FIRST
BRITON
244
5.4.2.2
THE
FIRST AMERICANS
245
5.4.2.3
THE ITALIANS
246
5.4.2.4
MATHEMATICIANS
FROM SWITZERLAND
AND
AUSTRIA-
HUNGARY
248
5.4.2.5
RUSSIAN
AND
OTHER EASTERN
EUROPEAN
CONTACTS
250
5.5
FIELDS
OF
RESEARCH
.
252
5.5.1
MATHEMATICAL
PHYSICS
/
PHYSICAL
MATHEMATICS
.
253
5.5.1.1
LAME'S FUNCTION,
POTENTIAL
THEORY,
AND
CARL NEUMANN
253
5.5.1.2
ON
RIEMANN'S
THEORY
OF
ALGEBRAIC
FUNCTIONS
AND
THEIR
INTEGRALS
255
5.5.2
LOOKING
TOWARD BERLIN
.
260
5.5.2.1
GATHERING
SOURCES
260
5.5.2.2
THE
DIRICHLET
PRINCIPLE
261
5.5.2.3
KLEIN'S
SEMINAR
ON
THE
THEORY
OF
ABELIAN
FUNCTIONS
(1882)
264
5.5.2.4
OPENNESS
VS.
PARTIALITY
266
5.5.3
LOOKING
TOWARD FRANCE
.
267
5.5.3.1
FRENCH
CONTRIBUTORS
TO
MATHEMATISCHE
ANNALEN
267
5.5.3.2
KLEIN'S
CORRESPONDENCE
WITH
POINCARE
269
5.5.4
THREE
FUNDAMENTAL
THEOREMS
.
272
5.5.4.1
THE LOOP-CUT
THEOREM
(RUECKKEHRSCHNITTTHEOREM)
273
5.5.4.2
THEOREM
OF
THE
LIMIT-CIRCLE
(GRENZKREISTHEOREM)
273
5.5.4.3
THE
(GENERAL) FUNDAMENTAL
THEOREM
277
5.5.4.4
REMARKS
ON
THE
PROOFS
279
5.5.5
THE
POLEMIC
ABOUT AND WITH
LAZARUS
FUCHS
.
282
5.5.6
THE
LCOSAHEDRON BOOK
.
286
5.5.7
A
BOOK
ON
THE
THEORY
OF
ELLIPTIC
MODULAR
FUNCTIONS
.
291
XIV
CONTENTS
5.5.7.1
SUPPLEMENTING
THE
THEORY 291
5.5.7.2 WHO
SHOULD
BE
THE
EDITOR?
-
GEORG PICK 294
5.5.8
HYPERELLIPTIC
AND
ABELIAN
FUNCTIONS
.
298
5.6
FELIX
KLEIN
AND
ALFRED
ACKERMANN-TEUBNER
.
300
5.7
FELIX KLEIN
IN
LEIPZIG'S
INTELLECTUAL COMMUNITIES
.
307
5.7.1 A MATHEMATICIANS'
CIRCLE
.
308
5.7.2
THE
SOCIETAS
JABLONOVIANA
.
308
5.7.3
THE ROYAL
SAXON SOCIETY
OF
SCIENCES IN
LEIPZIG
.
310
5.8
TURNING HIS
BACK
ON
LEIPZIG
.
314
5.8.1
WEIGHING
OFFERS
FROM
OXFORD
AND
JOHNS
HOPKINS
.
314
5.8.2 THE
PHYSICIST EDUARD RIECKE
ARRANGES
KLEIN'S MOVE
TO
GOETTINGEN
.
316
5.8.3 THE
APPOINTMENT
OF
SOPHUS
LIE
AS
KLEIN'S SUCCESSOR
-
AND
THE
REACTIONS
.
320
6
THE
START
OF
KLEIN'S PROFESSORSHIP IN
GOETTINGEN,
1886-1892
.
325
6.1 FAMILY CONSIDERATIONS
.
326
6.2 DEALING
WITH
COLLEAGUES, TEACHING,
AND
CURRICULUM PLANNING
.
328
6.2.1
THE
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN
KLEIN
AND
SCHWARZ
.
328
6.2.2
THE
GOETTINGEN
PRIVATDOZENTEN HOELDER
AND
SCHOENFLIES
.
329
6.2.3
KLEIN'S
TEACHING
IN CONTEXT
.
332
6.3 INDEPENDENT
AND
COLLABORATIVE
RESEARCH
.
331
6.3.1 THE
THEORY
OF
FINITE
GROUPS
OF
LINEAR
SUBSTITUTIONS:
THE THEORY
OF
SOLVING
EQUATIONS
OF
HIGHER DEGREE
.
331
6.3.2 HYPERELLIPTIC
AND
ABELIAN FUNCTIONS
.
339
6.3.3 THE THEORY
OF
ELLIPTIC MODULAR
FUNCTIONS
(MONOGRAPH)
.
341
6.3.4
THE
THEORY
OF
AUTOMORPHIC
FUNCTIONS
(MONOGRAPH)
.
343
6.3.5 THE
THEORY
OF
LAME FUNCTIONS
AND
POTENTIAL THEORY
.
344
6.3.6 REFRESHING HIS
WORK
ON
GEOMETRY
.
341
6.3.7 VISIONS:
INTERNATIONALITY, CRYSTALLOGRAPHY,
HILBERT'S INVARIANT
THEORY
.
352
6.3.7.1
AN
EYE
ON
DEVELOPMENTS
ABROAD
352
6.3.7.2 ARTHUR
SCHOENFLIES
AND
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 356
6.3.7.3 FELIX KLEIN
AND
HILBERT'S INVARIANT THEORY
351
6.4
BRINGING
PEOPLE
AND
INSTITUTIONS TOGETHER
.
361
6.4.1
THE
PROFESSORIUM
IN
GOETTINGEN
.
361
6.4.2 A PROPOSAL
TO
RELOCATE
THE
TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE
IN
HANOVER
TO
GOETTINGEN
.
362
6.4.3 THE
IDEA
OF
REORGANIZING
THE
GOETTINGEN
SOCIETY
OF
SCIENCES
.
364
6.4.4 FELIX KLEIN
AND
THE
FOUNDING
OF
THE
GERMAN
MATHEMATICAL
SOCIETY
.
361
6.5
THE
PIVOTAL YEAR
OF
1892
.
373
6.5.1
REFILLING
VACANT
PROFESSORSHIPS
IN
PRUSSIA
.
373
CONTENTS
XV
6.5.1.1
BERLIN, BRESLAU,
AND
KLEIN'S
SYSTEM
FOR CLASSIFYING
STYLES
OF
THOUGHT
373
6.5.1.2
HIRING
A
SUCCESSOR
FOR
H. A.
SCHWARZ
IN
GOETTINGEN
377
6.5.2
A JOB OFFER FROM
THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
MUNICH
AND
THE
CONSEQUENCES
.
379
7
SETTING
THE
COURSE,
1892/93-1895
.
383
7.1
KLEIN'S
ASSISTANTS
AND
HIS
PRINCIPLES
FOR CHOOSING
THEM
.
385
7.2
THE
GOETTINGEN
MATHEMATICAL
SOCIETY
.
392
7.3
TURNING
TO
SECONDARY SCHOOL
TEACHERS
.
397
7.4
A
TRIP
TO
THE
UNITED STATES
.
401
7.4.1
THE
WORLD'S FAIR
IN
CHICAGO
AND
THE
MATHEMATICAL
CONGRESS
.
401
7.4.2
TWELVE
LECTURES
BY
KLEIN:
THE
EVANSTON
COLLOQUIUM
.
404
7.4.3
TRAVELING
FROM
UNIVERSITY
TO
UNIVERSITY
.
406
7.4.4
REPERCUSSIONS
.
407
7.5
THE
BEGINNINGS
OF
WOMEN STUDYING
MATHEMATICS
.
411
7.6
ACTUARIAL
MATHEMATICS
AS
A
COURSE
OF
STUDY
.
418
7.7
CONTACTING
ENGINEERS
AND
INDUSTRIALISTS
.
421
7.8
THE
ENCYKLOPAEDIE
PROJECT
.
425
7.9
KLEIN
SUCCEEDS
IN
HIRING DAVID HILBERT
.
434
8
THE
FRUITS
OF
KLEIN'S
EFFORTS, 1895-1913
.
437
8.1
A
CENTER
FOR
MATHEMATICS,
NATURAL
SCIENCES,
AND
TECHNOLOGY
.
438
8.1.1
THE
GOETTINGEN
ASSOCIATION
.
439
8.1.2
APPLIED
MATHEMATICS
IN
THE
NEW
EXAMINATION
REGULATIONS
AND
THE
CONSEQUENCES
.
445
8.1.3
AERONAUTICAL
RESEARCH
.
.
450
8.2
MAINTAINING
HIS
SCIENTIFIC REPUTATION
.
454
8.2.1
AUTOMORPHIC
FUNCTIONS
(MONOGRAPH)
.
455
8.2.2
GEOMETRIC
NUMBER THEORY
.
457
8.2.3
A MONOGRAPH
ON
THE
THEORY
OF
THE
SPINNING
TOP
.
461
8.2.4
INSPIRING
IDEAS
IN
THE
FIELDS
OF
MATHEMATICAL
PHYSICS
AND
TECHNOLOGY
.
465
8.2.4.1
HYDRODYNAMICS
/
HYDRAULICS
466
8.2.4.2
STATICS
468
8.2.4.3
THE THEORY
OF
FRICTION
471
8.2.4.4
THE
SPECIAL THEORY
OF
RELATIVITY
472
8.3
PROGRAM:
THE HISTORY, PHILOSOPHY,
PSYCHOLOGY,
AND
INSTRUCTION
OF
MATHEMATICS
.
474
8.3.1
THE
HISTORY
OF
MATHEMATICS
.
477
8.3.2
PHILOSOPHICAL
ASPECTS
.
481
8.3.3
PSYCHOLOGICAL-EPISTEMOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS
.
490
8.3.4
THE
"KLEINIAN"
EDUCATIONAL REFORM
.
493
8.3.4.1 SUGGESTIONS
FOR
REFORM
500
XVI
CONTENTS
8.3.4.2
A POLEMIC
ABOUT
THE
TEACHING
OF
ANALYSIS
AT
THE
UNIVERSITY
508
8.4
INTERNATIONAL
SCIENTIFIC
COOPERATION
.
510
8.5 EARLY RETIREMENT
AND
HONORS
.
514
8.5.1 RECOVERING
AND
WORKING
IN
THE
HAHNENKLEE SANATORIUM
.
515
8.5.2 MAX LIEBERMANN'S
PORTRAIT
OF
FELIX KLEIN
.
519
8.5.3 THE SUCCESSORS
TO
KLEIN'S
PROFESSORSHIP
.
522
9
THE FIRST
WORLD WAR
AND
THE
POSTWAR PERIOD
.
528
9.1
POLITICAL
ACTIVITY DURING
THE
FIRST WORLD
WAR
.
526
9.1.1
THE
VOWS
OF
ALLEGIANCE
OF
GERMAN
PROFESSORS
TO
MILITARISM.
521
9.1.2 A PLEA
FOR
STUDYING
ABROAD
.
531
9.2 HISTORY
OF
MATHEMATICS,
THE
"CRY
FOR
HELP
OF
MODERN
PHYSICS,
"
AND
EDITION PROJECTS
.
534
9.2.1
REMARKS
ON
KLEIN'S
HISTORICAL LECTURES
.
536
9.2.2 FELIX KLEIN
AND
THE
GENERAL THEORY
OF
RELATIVITY
.
538
9.2.3 THE GOLDEN
ANNIVERSARY
OF
KLEIN'S
DOCTORATE,
AND
EDITION
PROD
ECTS
.
545
9.3
MATHEMATICAL
EDUCATION
-
INTERNATIONAL
AND
NATIONAL
.
548
9.3.1 THE
INTERNATIONAL
COMMISSION
ON
MATHEMATICAL INSTRUCTION
.
549
9.3.2 COUNTERING
THE
RESTRICTION
OF
MATHEMATICS
AND
THE
NATURAL
SCIENCES
.
551
9.4 SUPPORT
FOR
RESEARCH
.
556
9.4.1 THE
EMERGENCY
ASSOCIATION
OF
GERMAN SCIENCE
.
551
9.4.2 THE GAUSS-WEBER
/
HELMHOLTZ SOCIETY
.
560
9.5
END
OF
LIFE
.
564
10
CONCLUDING
REMARKS
.
569
10.1 A SUMMARY
OF
FINDINGS
.
570
ON
THE
CONTINUITY
OF
KLEIN
'S FIELD
OF
RESEARCH
.
570
CREATING FAVORABLE
CONDITIONS
FOR
GOOD SCIENTIFIC
WORK
.
57Y
FOCUSING
ON
PROBLEMS
OF
MATHEMATICAL
INSTRUCTION
AT
SCHOOLS
.
573
KLEIN'S
HANDLING
OF
HIS
HEALTH
PROBLEMS
.
573
A SUMMARY
OF
THE
ASPECTS
THAT
GUIDED
THE
RESEARCH
FOR
THE
PRESENT
BIOGRAPHY
514
10.2
A
PIONEER
.
58)
CONTENTS
XVII
APPENDIX:
A
SELECTION
OF
DOCUMENTS
.
593
1)
A
LETTER
FROM
FELIX
KLEIN
TO
HEINRICH
VON
MAEHLER,
THE
PRUSSIAN
MINISTER
OF
RELIGIOUS,
EDUCATIONAL,
AND
MEDICAL AFFAIRS (MINISTER
OF
CULTURE)
.
593
2)
AN
APPLICATION
SUBMITTED
BY
FELIX KLEIN
TO THE
ACADEMIC
SENATE
OF
THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
ERLANGEN FOR FUNDING
TO
IMPROVE
THE
COLLECTION
OF
THE
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY'S
MATHEMATICAL
SECTION
(NOVEMBER 15,1872).
594
3)
NOMINATION
OF
DR.
FELIX KLEIN,
FULL
PROFESSOR
OF MATHEMATICS
AT
THE
TECHNISCHE
HOCHSCHULE
IN
MUNICH,
TO
BE
MADE AN
EXTRAORDINARY
MEMBER
OF
THE
MATHEMATICAL-PHYSICAL
CLASS OF
THE
ROYAL
BAVARIAN
ACADEMY
OF
SCIENCES,
JUNE 7,1879
.
597
4)
A
REPORT
BY
THE
PHILOSOPHICAL
FACULTY
AT
THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
GOETTINGEN
CONCERNING
ITS
DECISION
TO
PROPOSE
FELIX KLEIN
AS
THE
SUCCESSOR
TO
MORITZ
ABRAHAM
STERN,
ALONG WITH SEPARATE OPINIONS
BY
THE
PROFES-
SORS
ERNST
SCHERING
AND
HERMANN
AMANDUS SCHWARZ
(JANUARY
1885)
.
598
5)
ON
THE
SCIENTIFIC
POLEMIC
BETWEEN
FELIX
KLEIN
AND
LAZARUS
FUCHS. AN
EXCERPT
OF
A
LETTER
(IN DRAFT FORM) FROM
FELIX KLEIN
TO
WILHELM
FOERSTER
(A
PROFESSOR
OF
ASTRONOMY
AT
THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
BERLIN),
JANUARY
15,1892
.
603
6)
LETTERS
CONCERNING
THE
POTENTIAL
SUCCESSOR
TO
H. A. SCHWARZ'S
FULL
PROFESSORSHIP
AT
THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
GOETTINGEN
.
605
7)
FELIX
KLEIN
ON
THE
DRAFT
OF
LUDWIG
BIEBERBACH'S
DISSERTATION,
WHICH
WAS
SUPERVISED
BY
THE
PRIVATDOZENT PAUL KOEBE
AT
THE
UNIVERSITY
OF
GOETTINGEN
.
607
8)
DR.
KLAUS,
A
NEUROLOGIST
AT
THE
SANATORIUM
FOR
NEUROLOGY
AND
INTERNAL
MEDICINE
IN
HAHNENKLEE:
TWO
REPORTS
ON
THE
STATE OF
FELIX KLEIN'S
HEALTH
.
608
9)
NOMINATION
OF
FELIX
KLEIN
TO
BE
MADE A CORRESPONDING MEMBER
OF
THE
ROYAL
PRUSSIAN
ACADEMY
OF
SCIENCES
IN
BERLIN, FEBRUARY 27,1913.
609
10)
SPEECHES
GIVEN
ON
MAY 25,1913
UPON
THE
PRESENTATION
OF
MAX
LIEBERMANN'S
PORTRAIT
TO
FELIX KLEIN
.
611
11)
VIRGIL
SNYDER
FROM
ITHACA (NEW
YORK)
TO
FELIX
KLEIN,
A
LETTER,
DATED
JULY
4,1924,
CONCERNING
THE
INTERNATIONAL
CONGRESS
OF
MATHEMA-
TICIANS
IN
TORONTO,
CANADA FROM
11 AUGUST
TO
16
AUGUST 1924
.
618
12)
DAVID
HILBERT'S
EULOGY
FOR
FELIX KLEIN,
DELIVERED
AT
THE
SESSION
OF
THE
GOETTINGEN
MATHEMATICAL
SOCIETY
HELD
ON
JUNE 23,1925,
ONE
DAY
AFTER
KLEIN'S
DEATH
.
621
BIBLIOGRAPHY
.
.
623
INDEX
OF
NAMES
.
655 |
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| author | Tobies, Renate 1947- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)134123204 |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1264263283 (DE-599)BVBBV047419215 |
| discipline | Mathematik |
| edition | Revised |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV047419215 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T17:56:26Z |
| indexdate | 2024-08-28T00:11:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783030757847 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032821909 |
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| series2 | Vita Mathematica |
| spelling | Tobies, Renate 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)134123204 aut Felix Klein: Visionen für Mathematik, Anwendungen und Unterricht Felix Klein visions for mathematics, applications, and education Renate Tobies Revised Cham Springer [2021] Cham Birkhäuser [2021] ©2021 xx, 677 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Vita Mathematica volume 20 Klein, Felix 1849-1925 (DE-588)11856286X gnd rswk-swf History of Mathematical Sciences Mathematics History Mathematik (DE-588)4037944-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Klein, Felix 1849-1925 (DE-588)11856286X p DE-604 Mathematik (DE-588)4037944-9 s Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-030-75785-4 Volume 20 20 (DE-604)BV000683300 20 Digitalisierung Deutsches Museum application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032821909&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Tobies, Renate 1947- Felix Klein visions for mathematics, applications, and education Volume 20 Klein, Felix 1849-1925 (DE-588)11856286X gnd History of Mathematical Sciences Mathematics History Mathematik (DE-588)4037944-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)11856286X (DE-588)4037944-9 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Felix Klein visions for mathematics, applications, and education |
| title_alt | Felix Klein: Visionen für Mathematik, Anwendungen und Unterricht |
| title_auth | Felix Klein visions for mathematics, applications, and education |
| title_exact_search | Felix Klein visions for mathematics, applications, and education |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Felix Klein visions for mathematics, applications, and education |
| title_full | Felix Klein visions for mathematics, applications, and education Renate Tobies |
| title_fullStr | Felix Klein visions for mathematics, applications, and education Renate Tobies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Felix Klein visions for mathematics, applications, and education Renate Tobies |
| title_short | Felix Klein |
| title_sort | felix klein visions for mathematics applications and education |
| title_sub | visions for mathematics, applications, and education |
| topic | Klein, Felix 1849-1925 (DE-588)11856286X gnd History of Mathematical Sciences Mathematics History Mathematik (DE-588)4037944-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Klein, Felix 1849-1925 History of Mathematical Sciences Mathematics History Mathematik Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032821909&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000683300 |
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