Introduction to psychological science: integrating behavioral, neuroscience, and evolutionary perspectives
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York ; London
Routledge
2021
|
| Edition: | First published |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Physical Description: | xxi, 780 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 28 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780367697785 9780367693596 |
Staff View
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a22000008c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV047382990 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20211129 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 210723s2021 xxua||| b||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9780367697785 |c Hardback |9 978-0-367-69778-5 | ||
| 020 | |a 9780367693596 |c Paperback |9 978-0-367-69359-6 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1262017865 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV047382990 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 044 | |a xxu |c XD-US |a xxk |c XA-GB | ||
| 049 | |a DE-384 |a DE-11 |a DE-706 |a DE-19 | ||
| 084 | |a CP 1000 |0 (DE-625)18972: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a CM 1000 |0 (DE-625)18940: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Ray, William J. |d 1945- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)172326559 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Introduction to psychological science |b integrating behavioral, neuroscience, and evolutionary perspectives |c William J. Ray |
| 250 | |a First published | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York ; London |b Routledge |c 2021 | |
| 300 | |a xxi, 780 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme |c 28 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Psychologie |0 (DE-588)4047704-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 653 | 0 | |a Psychology | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Psychology / Study and teaching | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Psychology | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Psychology / Study and teaching | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Psychologie |0 (DE-588)4047704-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-1-003-14319-2 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032784500&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032784500&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Klappentext |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032784500 | ||
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804182629765873664 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1 Psychology: Historical Roots and Modern Approaches Psychology Is About Behavior and Experience How to Understand Ourselves and Others 2 4 Historical Considerations in Understanding Behavior and Experience From Ancients to Sir Isaac Newton 6 1700s to the 1900s 9 The Beginning of a Scientific Psychology 14 20th-century Trends in Psychology 16 African American Psychologists Who Shaped our Perspectives The Three Major Themes of This Book 24 25 What We Do and What We Experience Is Critical to Psychology 25 Our Brain and Body Determine What We Do and Experience 26 Human Behavior and Experience Developed Over a Long Period of Time Levels of Analysis 31 Different Psychologists Focus on Different Levels of Analysis Summary 37 Study Resources 2 34 39 Review Questions 39 Web Resources 40 Key Terms and Concepts 40 Scientific Psychology and Its Research Methods What Is Science? 42 A Human Activity 42 Science and Doubt 43 Debunking Superstition and Pseudoscience What Are the Methods of Science? 44 46 Descriptive Research: What Can We Observe? 47 Experimental Research: How Do We Determine Cause and Effect? Combination Research Designs: When Does It Make Sense? 56 How Do Scientists Evaluate and Analyze Data? Validity 59 Reliability 60 Measurement 61 5 59 55 28
Contents Descriptive Statistics 62 How Do We Design an Experimental Study? Select and Group Participants Plan the Structure 61 Interpret the Results 68 66 61 What Are the Ethics of Scientific Research? 72 The Pursuit of Knowledge and Avoiding Harm The Care and Use of Laboratory Animals 15 Deception Studies 16 Summary 77 Study Resources 79 Review Questions 19 Web Resources 80 Key Terms and Concepts 3 12 80 The Neuroscience of Behavior and Experience How Does the Nervous System Enable Behavior and Experience? Neurons 83 Neural Impulses 84 Neurotransmission 86 Neural Networks 89 Hormones and the Endocrine System What Are the Parts of the Brain? The The The The The 91 91 Neocortex 92 Limbic System 93 Brain Stem 96 Cerebellum 96 Spinal Cord 98 How Do We Investigate the Brain? 99 Measuring Electrical and Magnetic Activity Measuring Structure 100 Measuring Blood Flow Changes 103 Evaluating Techniques 105 How Does the Brain Develop and Evolve? 99 108 From Neural Tube to Brain 108 Brain Structure Evolved According to Necessity 109 What Is the Link Between Heredity, Behavior, and Experience? 112 Genetics Help Explain Evolutionary Change 113 Patterns of Inheritance Vary 118 Behavior and Environment Influence Gene Expression 121 Epigenetic Processes Respond to Changing Environments 122 Behavior Genetics 126 Summary 130 Study Resources 133 Review Questions 133 Web Resources 134 Key Terms and Concepts 134 81 82
Contents 4 Developmental Processes Physical Development 135 136 Prenatal Development 137 Brain Development 138 Sensory Development 141 Learning From the Environment Motor Development 144 Cognitive Development 143 148 Piaget and Stages of Development 149 Vygotsky and the Sociocultural Perspective Memory 152 Temperament 154 Learning about Others and the World Development During Adolescence 151 156 Mirror Neurons and Imitation Learning Theory of Mind 158 Theories of Attachment 159 156 165 Physical Changes in Adolescence 166 Risk-Taking in Adolescence 166 Moral Development in Childhood and Adolescence Lifespan Development and Adulthood Erikson and Psychosocial Stages Successful Aging 173 Summary 176 Study Resources 168 170 171 178 Review Questions 178 Web Resources 179 Key Terms and Concepts 5 180 Sensation and Perception Psychophysics 181 183 Sensory Measurement Thresholds Vision 184 184 The Visual System Is Sensitive to Electromagnetic Energy A Tour of the Eye 187 Rods and Cones 189 Vision and Color 191 The Eye Connects to the Brain 194 The Primary Visual Cortex 195 Depth 19 7 Visual Illusions 198 Gestalt Psychology 199 Hearing xi 205 How the Ear Works 207 Creating Sounds in the Brain 208 The Vestibular System and Balance 210 The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Olfaction: The Smelling Sense 212 212 185
Xli Contents The Gustatory System: A Matter of Taste Touch and Pain The Sense of Touch Understanding Pain Summary 221 Study Resources 216 219 225 Review Questions 225 Web Resources 226 Key Terms and Concepts 6 214 216 226 Consciousness Consciousness 227 227 Consciousness and Attention 229 Types of Awareness 230 Levels of Consciousness 231 Variations in Consciousness 232 Sleep and Dreams 238 Sleep Patterns 240 Neuroscience Studies of Sleep Sleep Disorders 250 Dreams 252 Hypnosis and Meditation 246 257 Hypnosis 257 Hypnotic Effects 258 Meditation 261 Psychoactive Substances 262 Addiction 263 Major Psychoactive Substances 266 Drugs Found in the Brain 271 Summary 271 Study Resources 274 Review Questions 274 Web Resources 275 Key Terms and Concepts 7 276 Memory 277 Understanding Memory 278 The Temporal Dimension of Memory 279 Sensory Memory 280 Short-Term Memory 280 Long-Term Memory 282 Processes Involved in Learning and Long-Term Explicit Memories The Role of Meaning in Memory 285 Memory and the Brain 288 H.M. and Memory 289 Brain Areas Involved in Memory 291 Individual Differences in Memory Abilities 294 283
Contents a xi Mnemonists 296 Memory Disorders 299 False Memories 299 Summary 304 Study Resources 307 Review Questions 307 Web Resources 308 Key Terms and Concepts 8 308 Learning, Ethology, and Language Processes Classical Conditioning 309 311 Conditioning in Your Daily Life 312 Drug Reactions 313 Emotional Conditioning 314 Garcia Effect and Food Aversion 315 Conditioning and the Brain 316 Operant Conditioning 319 Thorndike and the Puzzle Box 319 B. E Skinner and Operant Conditioning Learning as Viewed through Ethology 320 324 Play as Learning 324 Observational Learning 326 Imitation Learning and Mirror Neurons 327 Learning Takes Place as Part of Life 328 Language 329 Speech Processing and Vocalization in Infants 329 Structure of Language 331 Evolutionary Roots of Language across Species 332 Language Learning in Animals 333 What Is Language? 334 Structure of Vocal Cords 337 Language, Genes, and the Brain 339 Reading 343 Evolution of Language 343 Language and Genes 343 Summary 344 Study Resources 347 Review Questions 347 Web Resources 348 Key Terms and Concepts 9 348 Cognition, Problem-Solving, and Intelligence How We Think 350 Fast and Slow Thinking Concepts and Categories Making Decisions Analogies 352 Logic 352 352 350 351 349
XIV Contents Heuristics 354 Behavioral Economics Solving Problems 356 360 Insight Problems 360 From Problem-Solving to Measuring Intelligence 365 Horn Do We Measure Intelligence? 365 Psychometric Theories of Intelligence 3 69 Multiple Intelligences 372 Relationship of “g” to Cognitive Factors Brain Change with Age 374 3 75 Genetic Factors Associated with Intelligence APOE Gene and Intelligence 379 Maintaining Intelligence throughout Life Flynn Effect 384 Group Differences in Intellectual Ability Summary 390 Study Resources 381 384 392 Review Questions 392 Web Resources 393 Key Terms and Concepts 10 376 393 Motivation and Emotion Motivation 394 394 Basic Motivations 395 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Motivation for Food 397 Experiences of Hunger and Satiety Eating Pattern and Obesity 400 Body Mass Index (BMI) Eating Disorders Sexuality 396 398 402 403 406 Historical Perspectives 406 Sexual Activities of Americans 407 Understanding Human Sexuality 408 Emotion 415 Darwin and The Expression of Emotions Universal Emotionality 421 Nature of Basic Emotions 419 426 Underlying Dimensions of Emotionality 427 Historical Theories of Emotionality 428 Physiological Systems Involved in Emotion 429 Summary 435 Study Resources 437 Review Questions 437 Web Resources 438 Key Terms and Concepts 438
Contents 11 Stress and Health XV 439 What Is Stress? 439 Historical Approaches to the Study of Stress Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) 444 441 Physiology of Stress 446 Immune System 449 Social Support Research and Stress 452 Social Shaping 454 Individual Differences 454 Uncontrollable Stress 455 Trauma and PTSD 456 Health 459 Improving Health and Managing Stress Meditation 464 Summary 466 Study Resources 468 Review Questions 468 Web Resources 468 Key Terms and Concepts 12 462 468 Social Psychology 469 Social Psychology 469 Social Cognition 471 Attribution 472 Categorization and Stereotyping 474 Looking at Others and the Face 477 The Social Brain Hypothesis 482 Brain Systems Involved in Social Relations Social Emotions Prosocial Behavior and Helping Non-Cooperation 493 Social Influences on Behavior 488 498 How We Act in Groups 500 Social Influences on the Level of the Self Social Influence and Compliance 501 Social Influence and Conformity 502 Social Influence and Persuasion 505 Making Moral Judgments Summary 513 Study Resources 515 Review Questions 515 Web Resources 516 Key Terms and Concepts 13 Personality Personality 484 486 500 509 516 517 518
XVI Contents Historical Aspects of the Study of Personality 518 Psychodynamic Perspectives on the Development of Personality 522 The Structure of Personality 523 Psychosexual Development 523 Other Psychodynamic Approaches Influenced by Freud 526 Using Internal Processes to Understand Personality 527 The Existential-Humanistic Approach to Personality Social Cognitive Theories of Personality 532 Current Perspectives on Personality 533 531 Typical Personality Traits 533 Evolutionary Perspectives on Personality 536 Genetic Factors in Personality 539 Physiological Factors Related to Personality 540 Cultural Factors in Personality 541 Self 544 Self-Concept 545 Neuroscience of Self 546 The Characteristics of a Healthy Self Summary 548 Study Resources 551 Review Questions 551 Web Resources 552 Key Terms and Concepts 14 547 552 Psychological Disorders Psychological Disorders 553 554 Stigma and Mental Disorders 556 Understanding Psychopathology 557 Creating a System to Understand Mental Disorders 558 Universal Psychopathology 563 Thinking about Psychopathology from an Evolutionary Perspective Common Disorders Involving Emotions or Moods Anxiety Disorders 565 Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Mood Disorders 571 Suicide 574 Dissociative Disorders 569 578 Depersonalization—Derealization Disorder Dissociative Amnesia 580 Dissociative Identity Disorder 581 Schizophrenia 565 580 582 Positive and Negative Symptoms 584 Factors in the Development of Schizophrenia Personality Disorders and Personality 586 591 What Is a Personality Disorder? 592 Personality Disorders and Typical
Personality Traits Neuro developmental Disorders 597 593 564
Contents Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 597 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Summary 601 Study Resources 604 Review Questions 604 Web Resources 606 Key Terms and Concepts 15 599 606 Treatment 607 Historical Understanding of Psychopathology and Its Treatment The Psychological Treatment Perspectives in the 20th Century 613 Psycho dynamic Perspectives on Treatment 613 Existential-Humanistic Perspectives 615 Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Perspectives Biological Approaches to Treating Mental Illness Psychotropic Medications Electroconvulsive Therapy Brain Simulation 625 609 618 622 623 625 Effective Treatment of Mental Disorders 627 Treatment for Anxiety Disorders 628 Treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder 630 Treatment for Specific Phobias 630 Treatment for Panic Disorder 631 Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 631 Treatmentfor Depression 632 Treatment for Bipolar Disorder 63 7 Treatment for Dissociative Disorders 638 Treatment for Schizophrenia 638 Treatment for Personality Disorders 642 Treatment for Neurodevelopment Disorders 645 Summary 647 Study Resources 651 Review Questions 651 Web Resources 652 Key Terms and Concepts 652 References 653 Glossary 721 Index 753
Introduction to Psychological Science provides students with an accessible, comprehensive, and engaging overview of the field of scientific psychology. It expertly incorporates a variety of perspectives ranging from neuroscience to cultural perspectives at an introductory level. Ray brings together cutting-edge research from traditional psychological literature to modern, evolving perspectives, and creates a unified approach by focusing on three core themes: • Behavior and Experience: an analysis of behavior and experiences observed across a variety of everyday life situations. • Neuroscience: an examination of psychological experiences through neuroscience lens ranging from genetic/epigenetic to cortical networks as related to psychology. • Evolutionary/Human Origins: an exploration of broader scientific questions by examining psychological processes from the perspective of human and cultural history. Through these themes, the book delves into topics like social processes, psychopathology, stress and health, motivation and emotion, developmental sequences, and cognitive functions such as memory, learning, proble solving, and language. Throughout it helps students to understand the nature of psychological science by addressing common myths and misconceptions in psychology, showing how psychological science can be applied to everyday life and how new research can be created. Additionally, this student-friendly book is packed with pedagogical features, including concept checks to test reader knowledge, extensions features which show howto apply knowledge, and a
comprehensive glossary. Reflecting the latest APA Guidelines concerning the essential elements of an introductory psychology course this text is core reading for all undergraduate introductory psychology students.
|
| adam_txt |
Contents Preface Acknowledgments 1 Psychology: Historical Roots and Modern Approaches Psychology Is About Behavior and Experience How to Understand Ourselves and Others 2 4 Historical Considerations in Understanding Behavior and Experience From Ancients to Sir Isaac Newton 6 1700s to the 1900s 9 The Beginning of a Scientific Psychology 14 20th-century Trends in Psychology 16 African American Psychologists Who Shaped our Perspectives The Three Major Themes of This Book 24 25 What We Do and What We Experience Is Critical to Psychology 25 Our Brain and Body Determine What We Do and Experience 26 Human Behavior and Experience Developed Over a Long Period of Time Levels of Analysis 31 Different Psychologists Focus on Different Levels of Analysis Summary 37 Study Resources 2 34 39 Review Questions 39 Web Resources 40 Key Terms and Concepts 40 Scientific Psychology and Its Research Methods What Is Science? 42 A Human Activity 42 Science and Doubt 43 Debunking Superstition and Pseudoscience What Are the Methods of Science? 44 46 Descriptive Research: What Can We Observe? 47 Experimental Research: How Do We Determine Cause and Effect? Combination Research Designs: When Does It Make Sense? 56 How Do Scientists Evaluate and Analyze Data? Validity 59 Reliability 60 Measurement 61 5 59 55 28
Contents Descriptive Statistics 62 How Do We Design an Experimental Study? Select and Group Participants Plan the Structure 61 Interpret the Results 68 66 61 What Are the Ethics of Scientific Research? 72 The Pursuit of Knowledge and Avoiding Harm The Care and Use of Laboratory Animals 15 Deception Studies 16 Summary 77 Study Resources 79 Review Questions 19 Web Resources 80 Key Terms and Concepts 3 12 80 The Neuroscience of Behavior and Experience How Does the Nervous System Enable Behavior and Experience? Neurons 83 Neural Impulses 84 Neurotransmission 86 Neural Networks 89 Hormones and the Endocrine System What Are the Parts of the Brain? The The The The The 91 91 Neocortex 92 Limbic System 93 Brain Stem 96 Cerebellum 96 Spinal Cord 98 How Do We Investigate the Brain? 99 Measuring Electrical and Magnetic Activity Measuring Structure 100 Measuring Blood Flow Changes 103 Evaluating Techniques 105 How Does the Brain Develop and Evolve? 99 108 From Neural Tube to Brain 108 Brain Structure Evolved According to Necessity 109 What Is the Link Between Heredity, Behavior, and Experience? 112 Genetics Help Explain Evolutionary Change 113 Patterns of Inheritance Vary 118 Behavior and Environment Influence Gene Expression 121 Epigenetic Processes Respond to Changing Environments 122 Behavior Genetics 126 Summary 130 Study Resources 133 Review Questions 133 Web Resources 134 Key Terms and Concepts 134 81 82
Contents 4 Developmental Processes Physical Development 135 136 Prenatal Development 137 Brain Development 138 Sensory Development 141 Learning From the Environment Motor Development 144 Cognitive Development 143 148 Piaget and Stages of Development 149 Vygotsky and the Sociocultural Perspective Memory 152 Temperament 154 Learning about Others and the World Development During Adolescence 151 156 Mirror Neurons and Imitation Learning Theory of Mind 158 Theories of Attachment 159 156 165 Physical Changes in Adolescence 166 Risk-Taking in Adolescence 166 Moral Development in Childhood and Adolescence Lifespan Development and Adulthood Erikson and Psychosocial Stages Successful Aging 173 Summary 176 Study Resources 168 170 171 178 Review Questions 178 Web Resources 179 Key Terms and Concepts 5 180 Sensation and Perception Psychophysics 181 183 Sensory Measurement Thresholds Vision 184 184 The Visual System Is Sensitive to Electromagnetic Energy A Tour of the Eye 187 Rods and Cones 189 Vision and Color 191 The Eye Connects to the Brain 194 The Primary Visual Cortex 195 Depth 19 7 Visual Illusions 198 Gestalt Psychology 199 Hearing xi 205 How the Ear Works 207 Creating Sounds in the Brain 208 The Vestibular System and Balance 210 The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste Olfaction: The Smelling Sense 212 212 185
Xli Contents The Gustatory System: A Matter of Taste Touch and Pain The Sense of Touch Understanding Pain Summary 221 Study Resources 216 219 225 Review Questions 225 Web Resources 226 Key Terms and Concepts 6 214 216 226 Consciousness Consciousness 227 227 Consciousness and Attention 229 Types of Awareness 230 Levels of Consciousness 231 Variations in Consciousness 232 Sleep and Dreams 238 Sleep Patterns 240 Neuroscience Studies of Sleep Sleep Disorders 250 Dreams 252 Hypnosis and Meditation 246 257 Hypnosis 257 Hypnotic Effects 258 Meditation 261 Psychoactive Substances 262 Addiction 263 Major Psychoactive Substances 266 Drugs Found in the Brain 271 Summary 271 Study Resources 274 Review Questions 274 Web Resources 275 Key Terms and Concepts 7 276 Memory 277 Understanding Memory 278 The Temporal Dimension of Memory 279 Sensory Memory 280 Short-Term Memory 280 Long-Term Memory 282 Processes Involved in Learning and Long-Term Explicit Memories The Role of Meaning in Memory 285 Memory and the Brain 288 H.M. and Memory 289 Brain Areas Involved in Memory 291 Individual Differences in Memory Abilities 294 283
Contents a xi Mnemonists 296 Memory Disorders 299 False Memories 299 Summary 304 Study Resources 307 Review Questions 307 Web Resources 308 Key Terms and Concepts 8 308 Learning, Ethology, and Language Processes Classical Conditioning 309 311 Conditioning in Your Daily Life 312 Drug Reactions 313 Emotional Conditioning 314 Garcia Effect and Food Aversion 315 Conditioning and the Brain 316 Operant Conditioning 319 Thorndike and the Puzzle Box 319 B. E Skinner and Operant Conditioning Learning as Viewed through Ethology 320 324 Play as Learning 324 Observational Learning 326 Imitation Learning and Mirror Neurons 327 Learning Takes Place as Part of Life 328 Language 329 Speech Processing and Vocalization in Infants 329 Structure of Language 331 Evolutionary Roots of Language across Species 332 Language Learning in Animals 333 What Is Language? 334 Structure of Vocal Cords 337 Language, Genes, and the Brain 339 Reading 343 Evolution of Language 343 Language and Genes 343 Summary 344 Study Resources 347 Review Questions 347 Web Resources 348 Key Terms and Concepts 9 348 Cognition, Problem-Solving, and Intelligence How We Think 350 Fast and Slow Thinking Concepts and Categories Making Decisions Analogies 352 Logic 352 352 350 351 349
XIV Contents Heuristics 354 Behavioral Economics Solving Problems 356 360 Insight Problems 360 From Problem-Solving to Measuring Intelligence 365 Horn Do We Measure Intelligence? 365 Psychometric Theories of Intelligence 3 69 Multiple Intelligences 372 Relationship of “g” to Cognitive Factors Brain Change with Age 374 3 75 Genetic Factors Associated with Intelligence APOE Gene and Intelligence 379 Maintaining Intelligence throughout Life Flynn Effect 384 Group Differences in Intellectual Ability Summary 390 Study Resources 381 384 392 Review Questions 392 Web Resources 393 Key Terms and Concepts 10 376 393 Motivation and Emotion Motivation 394 394 Basic Motivations 395 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Motivation for Food 397 Experiences of Hunger and Satiety Eating Pattern and Obesity 400 Body Mass Index (BMI) Eating Disorders Sexuality 396 398 402 403 406 Historical Perspectives 406 Sexual Activities of Americans 407 Understanding Human Sexuality 408 Emotion 415 Darwin and The Expression of Emotions Universal Emotionality 421 Nature of Basic Emotions 419 426 Underlying Dimensions of Emotionality 427 Historical Theories of Emotionality 428 Physiological Systems Involved in Emotion 429 Summary 435 Study Resources 437 Review Questions 437 Web Resources 438 Key Terms and Concepts 438
Contents 11 Stress and Health XV 439 What Is Stress? 439 Historical Approaches to the Study of Stress Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) 444 441 Physiology of Stress 446 Immune System 449 Social Support Research and Stress 452 Social Shaping 454 Individual Differences 454 Uncontrollable Stress 455 Trauma and PTSD 456 Health 459 Improving Health and Managing Stress Meditation 464 Summary 466 Study Resources 468 Review Questions 468 Web Resources 468 Key Terms and Concepts 12 462 468 Social Psychology 469 Social Psychology 469 Social Cognition 471 Attribution 472 Categorization and Stereotyping 474 Looking at Others and the Face 477 The Social Brain Hypothesis 482 Brain Systems Involved in Social Relations Social Emotions Prosocial Behavior and Helping Non-Cooperation 493 Social Influences on Behavior 488 498 How We Act in Groups 500 Social Influences on the Level of the Self Social Influence and Compliance 501 Social Influence and Conformity 502 Social Influence and Persuasion 505 Making Moral Judgments Summary 513 Study Resources 515 Review Questions 515 Web Resources 516 Key Terms and Concepts 13 Personality Personality 484 486 500 509 516 517 518
XVI Contents Historical Aspects of the Study of Personality 518 Psychodynamic Perspectives on the Development of Personality 522 The Structure of Personality 523 Psychosexual Development 523 Other Psychodynamic Approaches Influenced by Freud 526 Using Internal Processes to Understand Personality 527 The Existential-Humanistic Approach to Personality Social Cognitive Theories of Personality 532 Current Perspectives on Personality 533 531 Typical Personality Traits 533 Evolutionary Perspectives on Personality 536 Genetic Factors in Personality 539 Physiological Factors Related to Personality 540 Cultural Factors in Personality 541 Self 544 Self-Concept 545 Neuroscience of Self 546 The Characteristics of a Healthy Self Summary 548 Study Resources 551 Review Questions 551 Web Resources 552 Key Terms and Concepts 14 547 552 Psychological Disorders Psychological Disorders 553 554 Stigma and Mental Disorders 556 Understanding Psychopathology 557 Creating a System to Understand Mental Disorders 558 Universal Psychopathology 563 Thinking about Psychopathology from an Evolutionary Perspective Common Disorders Involving Emotions or Moods Anxiety Disorders 565 Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Mood Disorders 571 Suicide 574 Dissociative Disorders 569 578 Depersonalization—Derealization Disorder Dissociative Amnesia 580 Dissociative Identity Disorder 581 Schizophrenia 565 580 582 Positive and Negative Symptoms 584 Factors in the Development of Schizophrenia Personality Disorders and Personality 586 591 What Is a Personality Disorder? 592 Personality Disorders and Typical
Personality Traits Neuro developmental Disorders 597 593 564
Contents Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 597 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Summary 601 Study Resources 604 Review Questions 604 Web Resources 606 Key Terms and Concepts 15 599 606 Treatment 607 Historical Understanding of Psychopathology and Its Treatment The Psychological Treatment Perspectives in the 20th Century 613 Psycho dynamic Perspectives on Treatment 613 Existential-Humanistic Perspectives 615 Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Perspectives Biological Approaches to Treating Mental Illness Psychotropic Medications Electroconvulsive Therapy Brain Simulation 625 609 618 622 623 625 Effective Treatment of Mental Disorders 627 Treatment for Anxiety Disorders 628 Treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder 630 Treatment for Specific Phobias 630 Treatment for Panic Disorder 631 Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 631 Treatmentfor Depression 632 Treatment for Bipolar Disorder 63 7 Treatment for Dissociative Disorders 638 Treatment for Schizophrenia 638 Treatment for Personality Disorders 642 Treatment for Neurodevelopment Disorders 645 Summary 647 Study Resources 651 Review Questions 651 Web Resources 652 Key Terms and Concepts 652 References 653 Glossary 721 Index 753
Introduction to Psychological Science provides students with an accessible, comprehensive, and engaging overview of the field of scientific psychology. It expertly incorporates a variety of perspectives ranging from neuroscience to cultural perspectives at an introductory level. Ray brings together cutting-edge research from traditional psychological literature to modern, evolving perspectives, and creates a unified approach by focusing on three core themes: • Behavior and Experience: an analysis of behavior and experiences observed across a variety of everyday life situations. • Neuroscience: an examination of psychological experiences through neuroscience lens ranging from genetic/epigenetic to cortical networks as related to psychology. • Evolutionary/Human Origins: an exploration of broader scientific questions by examining psychological processes from the perspective of human and cultural history. Through these themes, the book delves into topics like social processes, psychopathology, stress and health, motivation and emotion, developmental sequences, and cognitive functions such as memory, learning, proble solving, and language. Throughout it helps students to understand the nature of psychological science by addressing common myths and misconceptions in psychology, showing how psychological science can be applied to everyday life and how new research can be created. Additionally, this student-friendly book is packed with pedagogical features, including "concept checks" to test reader knowledge, "extensions" features which show howto apply knowledge, and a
comprehensive glossary. Reflecting the latest APA Guidelines concerning the essential elements of an introductory psychology course this text is core reading for all undergraduate introductory psychology students. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Ray, William J. 1945- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)172326559 |
| author_facet | Ray, William J. 1945- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Ray, William J. 1945- |
| author_variant | w j r wj wjr |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047382990 |
| classification_rvk | CP 1000 CM 1000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1262017865 (DE-599)BVBBV047382990 |
| discipline | Psychologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Psychologie |
| edition | First published |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>02002nam a22004338c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV047382990</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20211129 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">210723s2021 xxua||| b||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780367697785</subfield><subfield code="c">Hardback</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-367-69778-5</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780367693596</subfield><subfield code="c">Paperback</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-367-69359-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1262017865</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV047382990</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xxu</subfield><subfield code="c">XD-US</subfield><subfield code="a">xxk</subfield><subfield code="c">XA-GB</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-384</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-11</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-706</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">CP 1000</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)18972:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">CM 1000</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)18940:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ray, William J.</subfield><subfield code="d">1945-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)172326559</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Introduction to psychological science</subfield><subfield code="b">integrating behavioral, neuroscience, and evolutionary perspectives</subfield><subfield code="c">William J. Ray</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">First published</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">New York ; London</subfield><subfield code="b">Routledge</subfield><subfield code="c">2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xxi, 780 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen, Diagramme</subfield><subfield code="c">28 cm</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Psychologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4047704-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Psychology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Psychology / Study and teaching</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Psychology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Psychology / Study and teaching</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Psychologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4047704-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">978-1-003-14319-2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032784500&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032784500&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Klappentext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032784500</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV047382990 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T17:48:10Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:10:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780367697785 9780367693596 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032784500 |
| oclc_num | 1262017865 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-384 DE-11 DE-706 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-384 DE-11 DE-706 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | xxi, 780 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 28 cm |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Routledge |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Ray, William J. 1945- Verfasser (DE-588)172326559 aut Introduction to psychological science integrating behavioral, neuroscience, and evolutionary perspectives William J. Ray First published New York ; London Routledge 2021 xxi, 780 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 28 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd rswk-swf Psychology Psychology / Study and teaching Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-003-14319-2 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032784500&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032784500&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Ray, William J. 1945- Introduction to psychological science integrating behavioral, neuroscience, and evolutionary perspectives Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4047704-6 |
| title | Introduction to psychological science integrating behavioral, neuroscience, and evolutionary perspectives |
| title_auth | Introduction to psychological science integrating behavioral, neuroscience, and evolutionary perspectives |
| title_exact_search | Introduction to psychological science integrating behavioral, neuroscience, and evolutionary perspectives |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Introduction to psychological science integrating behavioral, neuroscience, and evolutionary perspectives |
| title_full | Introduction to psychological science integrating behavioral, neuroscience, and evolutionary perspectives William J. Ray |
| title_fullStr | Introduction to psychological science integrating behavioral, neuroscience, and evolutionary perspectives William J. Ray |
| title_full_unstemmed | Introduction to psychological science integrating behavioral, neuroscience, and evolutionary perspectives William J. Ray |
| title_short | Introduction to psychological science |
| title_sort | introduction to psychological science integrating behavioral neuroscience and evolutionary perspectives |
| title_sub | integrating behavioral, neuroscience, and evolutionary perspectives |
| topic | Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Psychologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032784500&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032784500&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT raywilliamj introductiontopsychologicalscienceintegratingbehavioralneuroscienceandevolutionaryperspectives |