Pathways to sustainable bioenergy production from cocoa and cashew residues from Ghana:
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Rostock
Universität Rostock, Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Professur Abfall- und Stoffstromwirtschaft
[2020]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Schriftenreihe Umweltingenieurwesen
Band 102 |
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| Beschreibung: | xxii, 173 Seiten Illustrationen 22 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783860095201 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Antwi, Edward |d 1979- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1223047180 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Pathways to sustainable bioenergy production from cocoa and cashew residues from Ghana |c Edward Antwi |
| 264 | 1 | |a Rostock |b Universität Rostock, Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Professur Abfall- und Stoffstromwirtschaft |c [2020] | |
| 300 | |a xxii, 173 Seiten |b Illustrationen |c 22 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Schriftenreihe Umweltingenieurwesen |v Band 102 | |
| 502 | |b Dissertation |c Universität Rostock |d 2020 | ||
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |a Hochschulschrift |2 gnd-content | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Nelles, Michael |d 1966- |0 (DE-588)134206134 |4 edt | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Loewen, Achim |d 1964- |0 (DE-588)123351235 |4 dgs | |
| 710 | 2 | |a Universität Rostock |0 (DE-588)38329-6 |4 dgg | |
| 710 | 2 | |a Universität Rostock |b Professur Abfall- und Stoffstromwirtschaft |0 (DE-588)16162104-1 |4 isb | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Dissertation |a Antwi, Edward, 1979 |t Pathways to sustainable bioenergy production from cocoa and cashew residues from Ghana |d Rostock, 2020 |h xvii, 170 Seiten |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |a Antwi, Edward, 1979 |t Pathways to sustainable bioenergy production from cocoa and cashew residues from Ghana |d Rostock : Universität Rostock, Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Professur Abfall- und Stoffstromwirtschaft, 2020 |h 1 Online-Ressource |
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| 883 | 0 | |8 2\p |a aepgnd |c 0,01676 |d 20210315 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#aepgnd | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804182526188584960 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | TABLE
OF
CONTENT
GUTACHER:
............................................................................................................................................................
II
DECLARATION
OF
INDEPENDENCE
............................................................................................................
III
DEDICATION
..........................................................................................................................................
V
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
.............................................................................................................................
VII
ABSTRACT
.............................................................................................................................................
IX
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
.............................................................................................................................
XI
TABLE
OF
CONTENT
.............................................................................................................................
XIII
TABLE
OF
FIGURES
.............................................................................................................................
XVIII
LIST
OF
TABLES
.....................................................................................................................................
XX
LIST
OF
ABBREVIATIONS
.......................................................................................................................
XXI
1.
INTRODUCTION
....................................................................................................................................
1
1.1
BACKGROUND
..............................................................................................................................
1
1.2
AIM
OF
THE
STUDY
.......................................................................................................................
5
2.
STATE
OF
KNOWLEDGE
.........................................................................................................................
7
2.1
BIOENERGY
USAGE
IN
PERSPECTIVE
...............................................................................................
7
2.2
COCOA
PODS
...............................................................................................................................
9
2.3
CASHEW
PEDUNCLE
....................................................................................................................
10
2.4
ENERGETIC
VALORIZATION
PATHWAYS
...........................................................................................
11
2.4.1
THERMOCHEMICAL
TREATMENT
..............................................................................................
11
2.4.1.1
DIRECT
COMBUSTION
....................................................................................................
11
2.4.1.2
PYROLYSIS
...................................................................................................................
12
2.4.1.3
GASIFICATION
...............................................................................................................
13
2.4.2
HYDROTHERMAL
PROCESS
......................................................................................................
16
2.4.3
BIOLOGICAL
TREATMENT
.......................................................................................................
22
2.4.3.1
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION
.................................................................................................
22
2.4.3.2
FERMENTATION
............................................................................................................
24
2.5
RESOURCE
ESTIMATION
..............................................................................................................
26
3.
MATERIALS
AND
METHODS
................................................................................................................
27
3.1
RESOURCE
POTENTIAL
ESTIMATION
............................................................................................
27
3.1.1
SOURCE
OF
DATA
.................................................................................................................
27
3.1.2
ASSESSMENT
OF
THE
THEORETICAL
RESIDUE
GENERATION
..........................................................
27
3.1.3
ASSESSMENT
OF
THE
TECHNICAL
POTENTIAL
OF
RESIDUE
GENERATION
.........................................
27
3.1.4
GREENHOUSE
GAS
EMISSIONS
..............................................................................................
28
3.1.5
PHYSICAL
AND
CHEMICAL
CHARACTERIZATION
.......................................................................
29
3.1.5.1
SAMPLING
....................................................................................................................
29
3.1.5.2
SAMPLE
PREPARATION
...................................................................................................
29
3.1.5.3
PROXIMATE
AND
ULTIMATE
ANALYSIS
...............................................................................
29
3.1.5.4
FIBER
ANALYSIS
.............................................................................................................
30
3.1.5.5
MINERAL
CONTENT
ANALYSIS
...........................................................................................
30
3.2
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION
STUDIES
...................................................................................................
30
3.2.1
THEORETICAL
BIOMETHANE
POTENTIAL
............................................................................
30
3.2.2
BIOGAS
POTENTIAL,
BENCH-SCALE
ASSAY
.................................................................................
30
3.2.3
BIOMETHANE
POTENTIAL
IN
A
30
1
REACTOR
.............................................................................
31
3.2.4
KINETIC
STUDY
.....................................................................................................................
31
3.2.5
HYDROTHERMAL
PRETREATMENT
..............................................................................................
32
3.2.5.1
EXPERIMENTAL
SETUP
.....................................................................................................
32
3.2.5.2
EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN
..................................................................................................
33
3.2.6
SEMI-CONTINUOUS
MONO
DIGESTION
OF
COCOA
PODS,
CASHEW
PEDUNCLE,
AND
CASHEW
BAGASSE
33
3.2.7
CO-DIGESTION
IN
A
CONTINUOUS
REACTOR
...............................................................................
34
3.2.8
SYNERGETIC
INDEX
(SI)
........................................................................................................
34
3.2.9
ANALYTICAL
METHODS
...........................................................................................................
34
3.3
HYDROTHERMAL
CARBONIZATION
...................................................................................................
35
3.3.1
EXPERIMENTAL
SETUP
...........................................................................................................
35
3.3.2
EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN
.........................................................................................................
35
3.3.3
YIELD
OF
HYDROCHAR
...........................................................................................................
36
3.3.4
ENERGY
CONTENT
.................................................................................................................
36
4.
RESULTS
........................................................................................................................................
37
4.1
RESOURCE
POTENTIAL
ESTIMATION
.............................................................................................
37
4.1.1
COCOA
BEANS
PRODUCTION
AND
PROCESSING
..........................................................................
37
4.1.2
CASHEW
NUT
PRODUCTION
AND
PROCESSING
...........................................................................
37
4.1.3
RESIDUE
TO
CROP
RATIO
(RCR)
ESTIMATION
..........................................................................
38
4.1.4
RESOURCE
POTENTIAL
OF
RESIDUES
.........................................................................................
39
4.1.5
CURRENT
RESIDUE
UTILIZATION
...............................................................................................
40
4.1.6
REGIONAL
DISTRIBUTION
OF
RESIDUES
.....................................................................................
40
4.1.7
GREENHOUSE
GAS
EMISSIONS
FROM
COCOA
PODS
AND
CASHEW
PEDUNCLES
.............................
43
4.1.8
PHYSICAL
AND
CHEMICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
THE
RESIDUES
....................................................
45
4.1.9
MAJOR
AND
MINOR
MINERAL
CONTENT
....................................................................................
46
XIV
4.2
BIOMETHANE
POTENTIAL
..............................................................................................................
46
4.2.1
THEORETICAL
BIOMETHANE
POTENTIAL
...................................................................................
46
...............
47
4.2.2
BATCH
TEST
BIOMETHANE
POTENTIAL
(BMP)
..........................................................................
47
4.2.3
KINETIC
STUDY
....................................................................................................................
48
4.2.4
THIRTY
(30)
1
BATCH
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION
(AD)
REACTOR
TEST
.............................................
51
4.2.5
KINETICS
OF
THE
REACTION
....................................................................................................
51
4.2.6
EFFECT
OF
HYDROTHERMAL
PRETREATMENT
ON
COCOA
PODS
.....................................................
53
4.2.6.1
EFFECT
OF
HYDROTHERMAL
PRETREATMENT
ON
FIBER
ANALYSIS
OF
COCOA
PODS
....................
53
4.2.6.2
EFFECT
OF
HYDROTHERMAL
PRETREATMENT
ON
BIOGAS
YIELD
.............................................
54
4.2.6.3
RESPONSE
SURFACE
METHODOLOGY
(RSM)
ANALYSIS
.....................................................
56
4.2.7
SEMI-CONTINUOUS
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION
STUDY
...................................................................
59
4.2.7.1
SEMI-CONTINUOUS
CO-DIGESTION
OF
COCOA
PODS,
CASHEW
PEDUNCLE
AND
CASHEW
BAGASSE
WITH
MAIZE
SILAGE
.............................................................................
59
4.2.7.2
SYNERGETIC
INDEX
.......................................................................................................
60
4.2.7.3 MONO
DIGESTION
AND
THE
EFFECT
OF
INCREASING
ORGANIC
LOADING
RATE
(OLR)
ON
BIOGAS
BIOMETHANE
YIELD
OF
CASHEW
PEDUNCLE,
CASHEW
BAGASSE,
AND
COCOA
PODS
..........................
63
4.2.8
PROCESS
STABILITY
...............................................................................................................
65
4.2.8.1
EFFECT
OF
CO-DIGESTION
ON
PROCESS
STABILITY
..............................................................
65
4.2.8.2
EFFECT
OF
INCREASING
ORGANIC
LOADING
RATE
(OLR)
ON
PROCESS
STABILITY
OF
MONO
DIGESTED
COCOA
PODS,
CASHEW
PEDUNCLE
AND
CASHEW
BAGASSE
..............................................
68
4.3
HYDROTHERMAL
CARBONIZATION
............................................................................................
71
4.3.1
YIELD
OF
HYDROCHAR
...........................................................................................................
71
4.3.1.1
YIELD
OF
HYDROCHAR
AS
A
FUNCTION
OF
PROCESS
SEVERITY
..............................................
71
4.3.1.2
RESPONSE
SURFACE
MODELS
.........................................................................................
72
4.3.1.3
FACTOR
INTERACTION
......................................................................................................
76
4.3.2
HIGHER
HEATING
VALUE
........................................................................................................
77
4.3.2.1
HIGHER HEATING
VALUE
AND
SEVERITY
OF
TREATMENT
.......................................................
77
4.3.2.2
RESPONSE
SURFACE
MODELS
.........................................................................................
78
4.3.2.3
FACTOR
INTERACTION
......................................................................................................
81
4.3.4
ASH
CONTENT
......................................................................................................................
83
4.3.4.1
ASH
CONTENT
AS
A
FUNCTION
OF
PROCESS
SEVERITY
.........................................................
83
4.3.4.2
RESPONSE
SURFACE
MODELS
.............................................................................
85
4.3.4.3
FACTOR
INTERACTION
......................................................................................................
87
4.4.4
ANALYSIS
OF
THE
HYDROLYSATE
..........................
89
XV
4.4.4.1
EFFECT
OF
PROCESS
SEVERITY
ON
THE
CHEMICAL
OXYGEN
DEMAND
(COD)
OF
THE
HYDROLYSATE
.....................
;
.......................................................................................................
89
4.4.4.2
RESPONSE
SURFACE
MODELS
..........................................................................................
90
4.4.4.3
FACTOR
INTERACTION
.......................................................................................................
92
4.4.
5
OPTIMIZATION
OF
THE
MODELS
........................................................................................
94
5.
DISCUSSION
......................................................................................................................................
97
5.1
RESOURCE
ESTIMATION
AND
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
RESIDUES
...........................................................
97
5.1.1
RESOURCE
POTENTIAL
ESTIMATION
..........................................................................................
97
5.1.2
PHYSICAL
AND
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
ANALYSIS
..................................................................
98
5.1.2.1
PROXIMATE
ANALYSIS
....................................................................................................
98
5.1.2.2
ULTIMATE
ANALYSIS
........................................................................................................
99
5.1.2.3
FIBER
ANALYSIS
.............................................................................................................
99
5.1.2.4
MAJOR
AND
MINOR
MINERAL
CONTENT
...........................................................................
100
5.2
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION
...............................................................................................................
101
5.2.1
THEORETICAL
BIOMETHANE
POTENTIAL
(BMP)
AND
BENCH-SCALE
BMP
ASSAY
......................
101
5.2.2
KINETICS
OF
THE
DIGESTION
PROCESS
...................................................................................
102
5.2.3
PILOT-SCALE
EXPERIMENT
AND
THE
APPLICATION
OF
THE
KINETIC
MODEL
..................................
102
5.2.4
EFFECT
OF
HYDROTHERMAL
PRETREATMENT
ON
FIBER
ANALYSIS
OF
PRETREATED
COCOA
PODS
......
103
5.2.5
EFFECT
OF
HYDROTHERMAL
PRETREATMENT
ON
BIOGAS
YIELD
...................................................
105
5.2.6
CONTINUOUS
CO-DIGESTION
AND
MONO
DIGESTION
STUDIES
..................................................
105
5.2.6.1
EFFECT
OF
FEED
COMPOSITION
ON
BIOGAS
YIELD,
PROCESS
STABILITY,
AND
SYNERGETIC
EFFECT
105
5.2.6.2
EFFECT
OF
INCREASING
THE
ORGANIC
LOADING
RATE
(OLR)
ON
SPECIFIC
BIOGAS
YIELD
AND
PROCESS
STABILITY
OF
MONO
DIGESTED
SUBSTRATES
......................................................................
106
5.2.5
COMPARISON
BETWEEN
SPECIFIC
BIOGAS
AND
BIOMETHANE
YIELD
OF
BATCH
AND
CONTINUOUS
STUDY
107
5.3
HYDROTHERMAL
CARBONIZATION
..................................................................................................
108
5.3.1
YIELD
OF
HYDROCHAR
..........................................................................................................
108
5.3.2
HIGHER
HEATING
VALUE
.......................................................................................................
109
5.3.3
ASH
CONTENT
......................................................................................................................
109
5.3.4
CHEMICAL
OXYGEN
DEMAND
(COD)
OF
HYDROLYSATE
.......................................................
110
6.
CONCLUSION
AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
..............................................................................................
ILL
6.1
LOCAL
AND
REGIONAL
IMPACT
OF
STUDY
ON
ACCESS
TO
ELECTRICITY
...............................................
ILL
6.2
PROSPECTS
OF
SETTING
UP
A
BIOENERGY
PRODUCTION
FACILITY
IN
GHANA
.....................................
114
6.3
CONCLUSION
............................................................................................................................
116
XVI
REFERENCES
.......................................................................................................................................
121
THESES
ON
THE
DISSERTATION
..............................................................................................................
136
ABSCHLUSSARBEITEN
ZUR
DISSERTATION
................................................................................................
137
APPENDICES
......................................................................................................................................
147
APPENDIX
A:
HYDROTHERMAL
PRETREATMENT
OF
COCOA
PODS
.........................................................
147
APPENDIX
B:
EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN
OF
HYDROTHERMAL
CARBONIZATION
STUDY
...............................
148
APPENDIX
C:
SURFACE
RESPONSE
MODELS
FOR
HYDROTHERMAL
PRETREATMENT
OF
COCOA
PODS
...........
151
APPENDIX
D:
SURFACE
RESPONSE
MODELS
FOR
HYDROTHERMAL
CARBONIZATION
OF
COCOA
PODS
AND
CASHEW
PEDUNCLE
RESIDUES
..........................................................................................................
156
APPENDIX
E:
CONTINUOUS
DIGESTION
RESULTS
...............................................................................
172
XVII
|
| adam_txt |
TABLE
OF
CONTENT
GUTACHER:
.
II
DECLARATION
OF
INDEPENDENCE
.
III
DEDICATION
.
V
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
.
VII
ABSTRACT
.
IX
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
.
XI
TABLE
OF
CONTENT
.
XIII
TABLE
OF
FIGURES
.
XVIII
LIST
OF
TABLES
.
XX
LIST
OF
ABBREVIATIONS
.
XXI
1.
INTRODUCTION
.
1
1.1
BACKGROUND
.
1
1.2
AIM
OF
THE
STUDY
.
5
2.
STATE
OF
KNOWLEDGE
.
7
2.1
BIOENERGY
USAGE
IN
PERSPECTIVE
.
7
2.2
COCOA
PODS
.
9
2.3
CASHEW
PEDUNCLE
.
10
2.4
ENERGETIC
VALORIZATION
PATHWAYS
.
11
2.4.1
THERMOCHEMICAL
TREATMENT
.
11
2.4.1.1
DIRECT
COMBUSTION
.
11
2.4.1.2
PYROLYSIS
.
12
2.4.1.3
GASIFICATION
.
13
2.4.2
HYDROTHERMAL
PROCESS
.
16
2.4.3
BIOLOGICAL
TREATMENT
.
22
2.4.3.1
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION
.
22
2.4.3.2
FERMENTATION
.
24
2.5
RESOURCE
ESTIMATION
.
26
3.
MATERIALS
AND
METHODS
.
27
3.1
RESOURCE
POTENTIAL
ESTIMATION
.
27
3.1.1
SOURCE
OF
DATA
.
27
3.1.2
ASSESSMENT
OF
THE
THEORETICAL
RESIDUE
GENERATION
.
27
3.1.3
ASSESSMENT
OF
THE
TECHNICAL
POTENTIAL
OF
RESIDUE
GENERATION
.
27
3.1.4
GREENHOUSE
GAS
EMISSIONS
.
28
3.1.5
PHYSICAL
AND
CHEMICAL
CHARACTERIZATION
.
29
3.1.5.1
SAMPLING
.
29
3.1.5.2
SAMPLE
PREPARATION
.
29
3.1.5.3
PROXIMATE
AND
ULTIMATE
ANALYSIS
.
29
3.1.5.4
FIBER
ANALYSIS
.
30
3.1.5.5
MINERAL
CONTENT
ANALYSIS
.
30
3.2
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION
STUDIES
.
30
3.2.1
THEORETICAL
BIOMETHANE
POTENTIAL
.
30
3.2.2
BIOGAS
POTENTIAL,
BENCH-SCALE
ASSAY
.
30
3.2.3
BIOMETHANE
POTENTIAL
IN
A
30
1
REACTOR
.
31
3.2.4
KINETIC
STUDY
.
31
3.2.5
HYDROTHERMAL
PRETREATMENT
.
32
3.2.5.1
EXPERIMENTAL
SETUP
.
32
3.2.5.2
EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN
.
33
3.2.6
SEMI-CONTINUOUS
MONO
DIGESTION
OF
COCOA
PODS,
CASHEW
PEDUNCLE,
AND
CASHEW
BAGASSE
33
3.2.7
CO-DIGESTION
IN
A
CONTINUOUS
REACTOR
.
34
3.2.8
SYNERGETIC
INDEX
(SI)
.
34
3.2.9
ANALYTICAL
METHODS
.
34
3.3
HYDROTHERMAL
CARBONIZATION
.
35
3.3.1
EXPERIMENTAL
SETUP
.
35
3.3.2
EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN
.
35
3.3.3
YIELD
OF
HYDROCHAR
.
36
3.3.4
ENERGY
CONTENT
.
36
4.
RESULTS
.
37
4.1
RESOURCE
POTENTIAL
ESTIMATION
.
37
4.1.1
COCOA
BEANS
PRODUCTION
AND
PROCESSING
.
37
4.1.2
CASHEW
NUT
PRODUCTION
AND
PROCESSING
.
37
4.1.3
RESIDUE
TO
CROP
RATIO
(RCR)
ESTIMATION
.
38
4.1.4
RESOURCE
POTENTIAL
OF
RESIDUES
.
39
4.1.5
CURRENT
RESIDUE
UTILIZATION
.
40
4.1.6
REGIONAL
DISTRIBUTION
OF
RESIDUES
.
40
4.1.7
GREENHOUSE
GAS
EMISSIONS
FROM
COCOA
PODS
AND
CASHEW
PEDUNCLES
.
43
4.1.8
PHYSICAL
AND
CHEMICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
THE
RESIDUES
.
45
4.1.9
MAJOR
AND
MINOR
MINERAL
CONTENT
.
46
XIV
4.2
BIOMETHANE
POTENTIAL
.
46
4.2.1
THEORETICAL
BIOMETHANE
POTENTIAL
.
46
.
47
4.2.2
BATCH
TEST
BIOMETHANE
POTENTIAL
(BMP)
.
47
4.2.3
KINETIC
STUDY
.
48
4.2.4
THIRTY
(30)
1
BATCH
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION
(AD)
REACTOR
TEST
.
51
4.2.5
KINETICS
OF
THE
REACTION
.
51
4.2.6
EFFECT
OF
HYDROTHERMAL
PRETREATMENT
ON
COCOA
PODS
.
53
4.2.6.1
EFFECT
OF
HYDROTHERMAL
PRETREATMENT
ON
FIBER
ANALYSIS
OF
COCOA
PODS
.
53
4.2.6.2
EFFECT
OF
HYDROTHERMAL
PRETREATMENT
ON
BIOGAS
YIELD
.
54
4.2.6.3
RESPONSE
SURFACE
METHODOLOGY
(RSM)
ANALYSIS
.
56
4.2.7
SEMI-CONTINUOUS
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION
STUDY
.
59
4.2.7.1
SEMI-CONTINUOUS
CO-DIGESTION
OF
COCOA
PODS,
CASHEW
PEDUNCLE
AND
CASHEW
BAGASSE
WITH
MAIZE
SILAGE
.
59
4.2.7.2
SYNERGETIC
INDEX
.
60
4.2.7.3 MONO
DIGESTION
AND
THE
EFFECT
OF
INCREASING
ORGANIC
LOADING
RATE
(OLR)
ON
BIOGAS
BIOMETHANE
YIELD
OF
CASHEW
PEDUNCLE,
CASHEW
BAGASSE,
AND
COCOA
PODS
.
63
4.2.8
PROCESS
STABILITY
.
65
4.2.8.1
EFFECT
OF
CO-DIGESTION
ON
PROCESS
STABILITY
.
65
4.2.8.2
EFFECT
OF
INCREASING
ORGANIC
LOADING
RATE
(OLR)
ON
PROCESS
STABILITY
OF
MONO
DIGESTED
COCOA
PODS,
CASHEW
PEDUNCLE
AND
CASHEW
BAGASSE
.
68
4.3
HYDROTHERMAL
CARBONIZATION
.
71
4.3.1
YIELD
OF
HYDROCHAR
.
71
4.3.1.1
YIELD
OF
HYDROCHAR
AS
A
FUNCTION
OF
PROCESS
SEVERITY
.
71
4.3.1.2
RESPONSE
SURFACE
MODELS
.
72
4.3.1.3
FACTOR
INTERACTION
.
76
4.3.2
HIGHER
HEATING
VALUE
.
77
4.3.2.1
HIGHER HEATING
VALUE
AND
SEVERITY
OF
TREATMENT
.
77
4.3.2.2
RESPONSE
SURFACE
MODELS
.
78
4.3.2.3
FACTOR
INTERACTION
.
81
4.3.4
ASH
CONTENT
.
83
4.3.4.1
ASH
CONTENT
AS
A
FUNCTION
OF
PROCESS
SEVERITY
.
83
4.3.4.2
RESPONSE
SURFACE
MODELS
.
85
4.3.4.3
FACTOR
INTERACTION
.
87
4.4.4
ANALYSIS
OF
THE
HYDROLYSATE
.
89
XV
4.4.4.1
EFFECT
OF
PROCESS
SEVERITY
ON
THE
CHEMICAL
OXYGEN
DEMAND
(COD)
OF
THE
HYDROLYSATE
.
;
.
89
4.4.4.2
RESPONSE
SURFACE
MODELS
.
90
4.4.4.3
FACTOR
INTERACTION
.
92
4.4.
5
OPTIMIZATION
OF
THE
MODELS
.
94
5.
DISCUSSION
.
97
5.1
RESOURCE
ESTIMATION
AND
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
RESIDUES
.
97
5.1.1
RESOURCE
POTENTIAL
ESTIMATION
.
97
5.1.2
PHYSICAL
AND
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
ANALYSIS
.
98
5.1.2.1
PROXIMATE
ANALYSIS
.
98
5.1.2.2
ULTIMATE
ANALYSIS
.
99
5.1.2.3
FIBER
ANALYSIS
.
99
5.1.2.4
MAJOR
AND
MINOR
MINERAL
CONTENT
.
100
5.2
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION
.
101
5.2.1
THEORETICAL
BIOMETHANE
POTENTIAL
(BMP)
AND
BENCH-SCALE
BMP
ASSAY
.
101
5.2.2
KINETICS
OF
THE
DIGESTION
PROCESS
.
102
5.2.3
PILOT-SCALE
EXPERIMENT
AND
THE
APPLICATION
OF
THE
KINETIC
MODEL
.
102
5.2.4
EFFECT
OF
HYDROTHERMAL
PRETREATMENT
ON
FIBER
ANALYSIS
OF
PRETREATED
COCOA
PODS
.
103
5.2.5
EFFECT
OF
HYDROTHERMAL
PRETREATMENT
ON
BIOGAS
YIELD
.
105
5.2.6
CONTINUOUS
CO-DIGESTION
AND
MONO
DIGESTION
STUDIES
.
105
5.2.6.1
EFFECT
OF
FEED
COMPOSITION
ON
BIOGAS
YIELD,
PROCESS
STABILITY,
AND
SYNERGETIC
EFFECT
105
5.2.6.2
EFFECT
OF
INCREASING
THE
ORGANIC
LOADING
RATE
(OLR)
ON
SPECIFIC
BIOGAS
YIELD
AND
PROCESS
STABILITY
OF
MONO
DIGESTED
SUBSTRATES
.
106
5.2.5
COMPARISON
BETWEEN
SPECIFIC
BIOGAS
AND
BIOMETHANE
YIELD
OF
BATCH
AND
CONTINUOUS
STUDY
107
5.3
HYDROTHERMAL
CARBONIZATION
.
108
5.3.1
YIELD
OF
HYDROCHAR
.
108
5.3.2
HIGHER
HEATING
VALUE
.
109
5.3.3
ASH
CONTENT
.
109
5.3.4
CHEMICAL
OXYGEN
DEMAND
(COD)
OF
HYDROLYSATE
.
110
6.
CONCLUSION
AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
.
ILL
6.1
LOCAL
AND
REGIONAL
IMPACT
OF
STUDY
ON
ACCESS
TO
ELECTRICITY
.
ILL
6.2
PROSPECTS
OF
SETTING
UP
A
BIOENERGY
PRODUCTION
FACILITY
IN
GHANA
.
114
6.3
CONCLUSION
.
116
XVI
REFERENCES
.
121
THESES
ON
THE
DISSERTATION
.
136
ABSCHLUSSARBEITEN
ZUR
DISSERTATION
.
137
APPENDICES
.
147
APPENDIX
A:
HYDROTHERMAL
PRETREATMENT
OF
COCOA
PODS
.
147
APPENDIX
B:
EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN
OF
HYDROTHERMAL
CARBONIZATION
STUDY
.
148
APPENDIX
C:
SURFACE
RESPONSE
MODELS
FOR
HYDROTHERMAL
PRETREATMENT
OF
COCOA
PODS
.
151
APPENDIX
D:
SURFACE
RESPONSE
MODELS
FOR
HYDROTHERMAL
CARBONIZATION
OF
COCOA
PODS
AND
CASHEW
PEDUNCLE
RESIDUES
.
156
APPENDIX
E:
CONTINUOUS
DIGESTION
RESULTS
.
172
XVII |
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| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Antwi, Edward 1979- |
| author2 | Nelles, Michael 1966- |
| author2_role | edt |
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| author_GND | (DE-588)1223047180 (DE-588)134206134 (DE-588)123351235 |
| author_facet | Antwi, Edward 1979- Nelles, Michael 1966- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Antwi, Edward 1979- |
| author_variant | e a ea |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047325395 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1229136118 (DE-599)KXP1744215979 |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| id | DE-604.BV047325395 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T17:30:46Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:08:57Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)38329-6 (DE-588)16162104-1 |
| isbn | 9783860095201 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032728042 |
| oclc_num | 1229136118 |
| open_access_boolean | |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-634 |
| physical | xxii, 173 Seiten Illustrationen 22 cm |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Universität Rostock, Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Professur Abfall- und Stoffstromwirtschaft |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Schriftenreihe Umweltingenieurwesen |
| series2 | Schriftenreihe Umweltingenieurwesen |
| spelling | Antwi, Edward 1979- Verfasser (DE-588)1223047180 aut Pathways to sustainable bioenergy production from cocoa and cashew residues from Ghana Edward Antwi Rostock Universität Rostock, Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Professur Abfall- und Stoffstromwirtschaft [2020] xxii, 173 Seiten Illustrationen 22 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Schriftenreihe Umweltingenieurwesen Band 102 Dissertation Universität Rostock 2020 (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Nelles, Michael 1966- (DE-588)134206134 edt Loewen, Achim 1964- (DE-588)123351235 dgs Universität Rostock (DE-588)38329-6 dgg Universität Rostock Professur Abfall- und Stoffstromwirtschaft (DE-588)16162104-1 isb Erscheint auch als Dissertation Antwi, Edward, 1979 Pathways to sustainable bioenergy production from cocoa and cashew residues from Ghana Rostock, 2020 xvii, 170 Seiten Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Antwi, Edward, 1979 Pathways to sustainable bioenergy production from cocoa and cashew residues from Ghana Rostock : Universität Rostock, Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Professur Abfall- und Stoffstromwirtschaft, 2020 1 Online-Ressource Schriftenreihe Umweltingenieurwesen Band 102 (DE-604)BV039536432 102 B:DE-101 application/pdf https://d-nb.info/1226295592/04 Inhaltsverzeichnis DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032728042&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p aepgnd 0,01676 20210315 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#aepgnd 2\p aepgnd 0,01676 20210315 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#aepgnd |
| spellingShingle | Antwi, Edward 1979- Pathways to sustainable bioenergy production from cocoa and cashew residues from Ghana Schriftenreihe Umweltingenieurwesen |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Pathways to sustainable bioenergy production from cocoa and cashew residues from Ghana |
| title_auth | Pathways to sustainable bioenergy production from cocoa and cashew residues from Ghana |
| title_exact_search | Pathways to sustainable bioenergy production from cocoa and cashew residues from Ghana |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Pathways to sustainable bioenergy production from cocoa and cashew residues from Ghana |
| title_full | Pathways to sustainable bioenergy production from cocoa and cashew residues from Ghana Edward Antwi |
| title_fullStr | Pathways to sustainable bioenergy production from cocoa and cashew residues from Ghana Edward Antwi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathways to sustainable bioenergy production from cocoa and cashew residues from Ghana Edward Antwi |
| title_short | Pathways to sustainable bioenergy production from cocoa and cashew residues from Ghana |
| title_sort | pathways to sustainable bioenergy production from cocoa and cashew residues from ghana |
| topic_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| url | https://d-nb.info/1226295592/04 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032728042&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV039536432 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT antwiedward pathwaystosustainablebioenergyproductionfromcocoaandcashewresiduesfromghana AT nellesmichael pathwaystosustainablebioenergyproductionfromcocoaandcashewresiduesfromghana AT loewenachim pathwaystosustainablebioenergyproductionfromcocoaandcashewresiduesfromghana AT universitatrostock pathwaystosustainablebioenergyproductionfromcocoaandcashewresiduesfromghana AT universitatrostockprofessurabfallundstoffstromwirtschaft pathwaystosustainablebioenergyproductionfromcocoaandcashewresiduesfromghana |
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