The first thousand years of glass-making in the Ancient Near East: compositional analyses of Late Bronze and Iron Age glasses
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| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
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Oxford
Archaeopress
[2021]
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| Series: | Archaeopress archaeology
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 209-225 |
| Physical Description: | xviii, 249 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Pläne (teilweise farbig) |
| ISBN: | 9781789697032 |
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| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a A compositional study of late Bronze Age and Iron Age glasses from the Near East (2009) |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The first thousand years of glass-making in the Ancient Near East |b compositional analyses of Late Bronze and Iron Age glasses |c Wendy Reade |
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| adam_text | Contents Contents.........................................................................................................................................................................і Preface....................................................................................................................................................................... xiii Acknowledgements................................................................................................................................................... xiv Abbreviations........................................................................................................................................................... xvi Chronology.................................................................................................................................................... xvi Technical Terms............................................................................................................................................. xvi Oxides..............................................................................................................................................................xvi Elements..........................................................................................................................................................xvi Chapter 1....................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction, Background and
Aims.................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction (Figure 1-і)............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Historical Background of Early Glass............................................................................................................2 1.3 The Early Glass Industry............................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Object Studies................................................................................................................................................7 1.5 Early Chemical Investigations...................................................................................................................... 7 1.6 Silica.............................................................................................................................................................. 9 1.7 Lime ...........................................................................................................................................................10 1.8 Plant Ash.................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.9 Mineral Soda............................................................................................................................................... 12 1.10 Colourants, Opacifiers
and Decolourants.................................................................................................13 1.10.1 Cobalt .............................................................................................................................................. 14 1.10.2 Antimony as an Opacifier and a Decolourant.................................................................................. 15 1.11 Trace Element Analyses...................................................................................... 16 1.12 Analyses of LBA Near Eastern Glasses...................................................................................................... 17 1.13 Analyses of LBA Egyptian Glasses.............................................................................................................17 1.14 Analyses of IA Glasses............................................................................................................................... 19 1.15 Glass Raw Materials in Brief......................................................................................................................19 1.16 Aims.......................................................................................................................................................... 19 Chapter 2..................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Methods for Compositional Analyses and Data
Interpretation.......................................................................23 2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................... 23 2.2 Sampling ................................................................................................................................................... 23 2.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Probe Microanalysis (SEM and ЕРМА)................................24 2.3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 24 2.3.2 Sample Preparation for SEM-EDS and ЕРМА.................................................................................... 26 2.3.3 SEM-EDS Instrument and Analytical Protocol ................................................................................ 27 2.3.3.1 Standards...................................................................................................................................27 2.3.3.2 Precision and Error .................................................................................................................. 27 2.3.4 ЕРМА Instrument and Analytical Protocol.......................................................................................27 2.3.4.1 Primary Standards .................................................................................................................... 27 2.4 Solution ICP-
MS.......................................................................................................................................... 29 2.4.1 Sample Preparation ICP-MS................................................................................................................29 2.4.2 ICP-MS Instrument and Analytical Protocol...................................................................................... 29 2.5 Organisation and Presentation of Data...................................................................................................... 31 2.5.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 31 2.5.2 Organisation of Trace Element Data...................................................................................................32 2.5.3 Rare Earth Elements (REE) ................................................................................................................33 2.5.4 Presentation of Oxide and Elemental Data.........................................................................................34 2.5.5 Statistical Methods Used.................................................................................................................... 34 і
Chapter 3..................................................................................................................................................................... 37 Nuzi: Late Bronze Age Glasses Results of Compositional Analyses................................................................37 3.1 Introduction to the Site............................................................................................................................. 37 3.1.1 The Excavations.................................................................................................................................. 38 3.1.2 The Glass............................................................................................................................................. 39 3.1.3 Summary of Samples .........................................................................................................................40 3.2 Base Glass Composition ..............................................................................................................................43 3.2.1 Summary............................................................................................................................................. 46 3.3 Trace Element Composition........................................................................................................................46 3.3.1 Rare Earth Elements (REE).................................................................................................................. 46 3.3.2 Sediment-Related Elements
(SRE)..................................................................................................... 49 3.3.3 Alkali and Alkaline Earth Elements....................................................................................................50 3.3.4 Colourants and Opacifiers.................................................................................................................. 53 3.4 General Conclusions.................................................................................................................................... 56 Chapter 4...................................................................................................................................................................... 58 Pella: Late Bronze Age Glasses Results of Compositional Analyses............................................................... 58 4.1 Introduction to the Site and theExcavations............................................................................................. 58 4.2 The LBA and IA Glasses Analysed................................................................................................................60 4.2.1 HMHK Glasses..................................................................................................................................... 61 4.3 Summary of HMHK Samples....................................................................................................................... 63 4.4 Base Glass Composition
............................................................................................................................. 63 4.5 Trace Elements............................................................................................................................................ 72 4.5.1 Rare Earth Elements (REE).................................................................................................................. 72 4.5.2 Sediment-Related Elements (SRE)..................................................................................................... 75 4.5.3 Alkali and Alkaline Earth Elements.................................................................................................... 76 4.5.4 Colourants and Opacifiers.................................................................................................................. 77 4.6 General Conclusions.................................................................................................................................... 82 Chapter 5...................................................................................................................................................................... 84 Pella: Iron Age Glasses Results of Compositional Analyses............................................................................ 84 5.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 84 5.2 Summary of LMLK Samples from
Pella.......................................................................................................84 5.3 LMLK Base Glass Composition................................................................................................................... 84 5.3.1 Summary............................................................................................................................................. 89 5.4 Trace Elements.................................................................... 90 5.4.1 Rare Earth Elements (REE)..................................................................................................................90 5.4.2 Sediment-Related Elements (SRE)................................................................................................ 91 5.4.3 Alkali and Alkaline Earth Elements....................................................................................................94 5.4.4 Colourants and Opacifiers........................................................................................................... 95 5.5 General Conclusions.................................................................................................................................... 97 Chapter 6...................................................................................................................................................................... 98 Nimrud: Iron Age Glasses Results Of Compositional Analyses Part 1............................................................ 98 6.1
Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 98 6.2 The Site....................................................................................................................................................... 99 6.2.1 The Excavations.................................................................................................................................. 99 6.2.2 The Glass............................................................................................................................................100 6.2.3 Summary of Samples........................................................................................................................ 101 6.3 Base Glass Composition ............................................................................................................................ 101 6.3.1 Group 1.............................................................................................................................................. 101 6.3.2 Group 2 and Ungrouped....................................................................................................................106 6.3.3 Group 3.............................................................................................................................................. 107 6.3.4 Group 4.............................................................................................................................................. 107 6.3.5
Summary............................................................................................................................................110 6.4 Trace Element Analyses (Groups 1 to 3)...................................................................................................Ill 6.4.1 Rare Earth Elements (REE)................................................................................................................ Ill 6.4.1.1 Group 1...................................................................................................................................... 113 6.4.1.2 Group 2...................................................................................................................................... 114 ii
6.4.1.3 Group 3..............................................................................................................................................114 6.4.1.4 Groups 1 to 3 Comparisons.............................................................................................................114 6.4.2 Sediment-Related Elements (SRE).......................................................................................................... 117 6.4.3 Alkali and Alkaline Earth Elements........................................................................................................ 121 6.4.4 Colourants, Decolourants and Opacifiers...............................................................................................125 6.4.4.1 Pink/Purple and Colourless Glasses...............................................................................................127 6.4.4.2 Light Blue Translucent Glasses...................................................................................................... 128 6.4.4.3 Turquoise Opaque Glasses.............................................................................................................. 129 6.5 General Conclusions.......................................................................................................................................... 131 Chapter 7................................................................................................................................................................... 133 Nimrud: Iron Age Glasses Results Of Compositional Analyses Part
2..........................................................133 7.1 Introduction: Cobalt Blue Glasses ....................................................................................................................133 7.2 Rare Earth Elements (REE) ............................................................................................................................. 133 7.3 Sediment-Related Elements (SRE)...................................................................................................................136 7.4 Alkali and Alkaline Earth Elements................................................................................................................. 139 7.5 Colourant and Related Elements......................................................................................................................141 7.6 General Conclusions............................................................................................................... 147 Chapter 8................................................................................................................................................................... 148 Late Bronze Age Glasses - Comparisons and Interpretations.......................................................................148 8.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................148 8.2 LBA Glasses
....................................................................................................................................................... 148 8.2.1 Composition..............................................................................................................................................148 8.2.2 The LBA Context: Chronological Considerations..................................................................................149 8.3 Inter-Site Comparisons..................................................................................................................................... 149 8.3.1 Near Eastern Glasses................................................................................................................................ 149 8.3.2 Egyptian New Kingdom Glasses.............................................................................................................. 150 8.3.3 Comparisons of Trace Element Compositions...................................................................................... 153 8.3.3.1 Cr, La, Zr, Ті and Iron Oxide........................................................................................................... 156 8.3.3.2 Li, Be, Sr and Cs................................................................................................................................ 159 8.4 High- and Low-Lime Groups in LBA Glasses.................................................................................................. 162 8.4.1
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................162 8.4.2 The Source of Lime in Ancient HMHK Glasses.......................................................................................162 8.4.3 High- and Low-Lime Glasses from LBA Pella and Nuzi.........................................................................163 8.4.4 The Relationship of Lime to Other Oxides and to Sr........................................................................... 167 8.4.5 Statistical Significance of Oxide Contents of the High- and Low-Lime Glasses................................170 8.5 Conclusions........................................................................................................................................................ 172 Chapter 9................................................................................................................................................................... 174 Iron Age Glasses - Comparisons and Interpretations.....................................................................................174 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................174 IA Base Glass Compositions............................................................................................................................. 174 Trace Element
Compositions............................................................................................................................176 Regional Discriminants..................................................................................................................................... 177 An Emerging Technology................................................................................................................................. 182 Iron Black Glasses.............................................................................................................................................. 183 9.6.1 Chromite.................................................................................................................................................... 185 9.7 Co Blue Glasses................................................................................................................................................... 186 9.7.1 Compositional Comparisons of Co blue Glasses ...................................................................................187 9.7.2 Raw Materials from Egypt in the Third Intermediate Period............................................................. 194 9.7.3 Phoenician Traders.................................................................................................................................. 195 9.8 Colourless Glasses.............................................................................................................................................. 197 Chapter
10.................................................................................................................................................................. 199 Conclusions and Future Research......................................................................................................................199 10.1 Conclusions: LBA Glass-making......................................................................................................................199 10.2 Conclusions: IA Glass-making.........................................................................................................................200 10.3 Future Research.............................................................................................................................................. 201 iii
Chapter 11................................................................................................................................................................. 203 Epilogue: Published Research 2009-2019..........................................................................................................203 11.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................. 203 11.2 New and Consolidated Studies ................................................................................................................203 11.3 Calcium Antimonate Opacification.......................................................................................................... 204 11.4 Cobalt Colourants..................................................................................................................................... 205 11.4.1 Late Bronze Age............................................................................................................................... 205 11.4.2 Iron Age.............................................................................................................................................205 11.5 Trade and Provenance..............................................................................................................................206 11.5.1 Late Bronze Age............................................................................................................................... 206 11.5.2 Iron
Age.............................................................................................................................................207 Conclusion........................................................................................................................................................208 Bibliography 2009 - 2019 ...................................................................................................................................209 Bibliography...............................................................................................................................................................212 Appendix I................................................................................................................................................................. 226 Model for Compositional Investigation of Ancient Glasses........................................................................... 226 Appendix II................................................................................................................................................................ 228 NUZI: Results of Compositional Analyses (Chapter 3)................................................................................... 228 Appendixül............................................................................................................................................................... 231 PELLA: Results of Compositional Analyses (Chapter 4)..................................................................................231 Appendix
IV.............................................................................................................................................................. 237 PELLA: Results of Compositional Analyses (Chapter 5)..................................................................................237 Appendix V ............................................................................................................................................................... 241 NIMRUD: Results of Compositional Analyses (Chapters 6 and 7)................................................................. 241 Appendix VI.............................................................................................................................................................. 248 EGYPT: Results of Compositional Analyses (Chapters 8 and 9).....................................................................248 IV
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| adam_txt |
Contents Contents.і Preface. xiii Acknowledgements. xiv Abbreviations. xvi Chronology. xvi Technical Terms. xvi Oxides.xvi Elements.xvi Chapter 1. 1 Introduction, Background and
Aims. 1 1.1 Introduction (Figure 1-і). 1 1.2 Historical Background of Early Glass.2 1.3 The Early Glass Industry. 4 1.4 Object Studies.7 1.5 Early Chemical Investigations. 7 1.6 Silica. 9 1.7 Lime .10 1.8 Plant Ash. 11 1.9 Mineral Soda. 12 1.10 Colourants, Opacifiers
and Decolourants.13 1.10.1 Cobalt . 14 1.10.2 Antimony as an Opacifier and a Decolourant. 15 1.11 Trace Element Analyses. 16 1.12 Analyses of LBA Near Eastern Glasses. 17 1.13 Analyses of LBA Egyptian Glasses.17 1.14 Analyses of IA Glasses. 19 1.15 Glass Raw Materials in Brief.19 1.16 Aims. 19 Chapter 2. 23 Methods for Compositional Analyses and Data
Interpretation.23 2.1 Introduction. 23 2.2 Sampling . 23 2.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Probe Microanalysis (SEM and ЕРМА).24 2.3.1 Introduction. 24 2.3.2 Sample Preparation for SEM-EDS and ЕРМА. 26 2.3.3 SEM-EDS Instrument and Analytical Protocol . 27 2.3.3.1 Standards.27 2.3.3.2 Precision and Error . 27 2.3.4 ЕРМА Instrument and Analytical Protocol.27 2.3.4.1 Primary Standards . 27 2.4 Solution ICP-
MS. 29 2.4.1 Sample Preparation ICP-MS.29 2.4.2 ICP-MS Instrument and Analytical Protocol. 29 2.5 Organisation and Presentation of Data. 31 2.5.1 Introduction. 31 2.5.2 Organisation of Trace Element Data.32 2.5.3 Rare Earth Elements (REE) .33 2.5.4 Presentation of Oxide and Elemental Data.34 2.5.5 Statistical Methods Used. 34 і
Chapter 3. 37 Nuzi: Late Bronze Age Glasses Results of Compositional Analyses.37 3.1 Introduction to the Site. 37 3.1.1 The Excavations. 38 3.1.2 The Glass. 39 3.1.3 Summary of Samples .40 3.2 Base Glass Composition .43 3.2.1 Summary. 46 3.3 Trace Element Composition.46 3.3.1 Rare Earth Elements (REE). 46 3.3.2 Sediment-Related Elements
(SRE). 49 3.3.3 Alkali and Alkaline Earth Elements.50 3.3.4 Colourants and Opacifiers. 53 3.4 General Conclusions. 56 Chapter 4. 58 Pella: Late Bronze Age Glasses Results of Compositional Analyses. 58 4.1 Introduction to the Site and theExcavations. 58 4.2 The LBA and IA Glasses Analysed.60 4.2.1 HMHK Glasses. 61 4.3 Summary of HMHK Samples. 63 4.4 Base Glass Composition
. 63 4.5 Trace Elements. 72 4.5.1 Rare Earth Elements (REE). 72 4.5.2 Sediment-Related Elements (SRE). 75 4.5.3 Alkali and Alkaline Earth Elements. 76 4.5.4 Colourants and Opacifiers. 77 4.6 General Conclusions. 82 Chapter 5. 84 Pella: Iron Age Glasses Results of Compositional Analyses. 84 5.1 Introduction. 84 5.2 Summary of LMLK Samples from
Pella.84 5.3 LMLK Base Glass Composition. 84 5.3.1 Summary. 89 5.4 Trace Elements. 90 5.4.1 Rare Earth Elements (REE).90 5.4.2 Sediment-Related Elements (SRE). 91 5.4.3 Alkali and Alkaline Earth Elements.94 5.4.4 Colourants and Opacifiers. 95 5.5 General Conclusions. 97 Chapter 6. 98 Nimrud: Iron Age Glasses Results Of Compositional Analyses Part 1. 98 6.1
Introduction. 98 6.2 The Site. 99 6.2.1 The Excavations. 99 6.2.2 The Glass.100 6.2.3 Summary of Samples. 101 6.3 Base Glass Composition . 101 6.3.1 Group 1. 101 6.3.2 Group 2 and Ungrouped.106 6.3.3 Group 3. 107 6.3.4 Group 4. 107 6.3.5
Summary.110 6.4 Trace Element Analyses (Groups 1 to 3).Ill 6.4.1 Rare Earth Elements (REE). Ill 6.4.1.1 Group 1. 113 6.4.1.2 Group 2. 114 ii
6.4.1.3 Group 3.114 6.4.1.4 Groups 1 to 3 Comparisons.114 6.4.2 Sediment-Related Elements (SRE). 117 6.4.3 Alkali and Alkaline Earth Elements. 121 6.4.4 Colourants, Decolourants and Opacifiers.125 6.4.4.1 Pink/Purple and Colourless Glasses.127 6.4.4.2 Light Blue Translucent Glasses. 128 6.4.4.3 Turquoise Opaque Glasses. 129 6.5 General Conclusions. 131 Chapter 7. 133 Nimrud: Iron Age Glasses Results Of Compositional Analyses Part
2.133 7.1 Introduction: Cobalt Blue Glasses .133 7.2 Rare Earth Elements (REE) . 133 7.3 Sediment-Related Elements (SRE).136 7.4 Alkali and Alkaline Earth Elements. 139 7.5 Colourant and Related Elements.141 7.6 General Conclusions. 147 Chapter 8. 148 Late Bronze Age Glasses - Comparisons and Interpretations.148 8.1 Introduction.148 8.2 LBA Glasses
. 148 8.2.1 Composition.148 8.2.2 The LBA Context: Chronological Considerations.149 8.3 Inter-Site Comparisons. 149 8.3.1 Near Eastern Glasses. 149 8.3.2 Egyptian New Kingdom Glasses. 150 8.3.3 Comparisons of Trace Element Compositions. 153 8.3.3.1 Cr, La, Zr, Ті and Iron Oxide. 156 8.3.3.2 Li, Be, Sr and Cs. 159 8.4 High- and Low-Lime Groups in LBA Glasses. 162 8.4.1
Introduction.162 8.4.2 The Source of Lime in Ancient HMHK Glasses.162 8.4.3 High- and Low-Lime Glasses from LBA Pella and Nuzi.163 8.4.4 The Relationship of Lime to Other Oxides and to Sr. 167 8.4.5 Statistical Significance of Oxide Contents of the High- and Low-Lime Glasses.170 8.5 Conclusions. 172 Chapter 9. 174 Iron Age Glasses - Comparisons and Interpretations.174 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Introduction.174 IA Base Glass Compositions. 174 Trace Element
Compositions.176 Regional Discriminants. 177 An Emerging Technology. 182 Iron Black Glasses. 183 9.6.1 Chromite. 185 9.7 Co Blue Glasses. 186 9.7.1 Compositional Comparisons of Co blue Glasses .187 9.7.2 Raw Materials from Egypt in the Third Intermediate Period. 194 9.7.3 Phoenician Traders. 195 9.8 Colourless Glasses. 197 Chapter
10. 199 Conclusions and Future Research.199 10.1 Conclusions: LBA Glass-making.199 10.2 Conclusions: IA Glass-making.200 10.3 Future Research. 201 iii
Chapter 11. 203 Epilogue: Published Research 2009-2019.203 11.1 Introduction. 203 11.2 New and Consolidated Studies .203 11.3 Calcium Antimonate Opacification. 204 11.4 Cobalt Colourants. 205 11.4.1 Late Bronze Age. 205 11.4.2 Iron Age.205 11.5 Trade and Provenance.206 11.5.1 Late Bronze Age. 206 11.5.2 Iron
Age.207 Conclusion.208 Bibliography 2009 - 2019 .209 Bibliography.212 Appendix I. 226 Model for Compositional Investigation of Ancient Glasses. 226 Appendix II. 228 NUZI: Results of Compositional Analyses (Chapter 3). 228 Appendixül. 231 PELLA: Results of Compositional Analyses (Chapter 4).231 Appendix
IV. 237 PELLA: Results of Compositional Analyses (Chapter 5).237 Appendix V . 241 NIMRUD: Results of Compositional Analyses (Chapters 6 and 7). 241 Appendix VI. 248 EGYPT: Results of Compositional Analyses (Chapters 8 and 9).248 IV |
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| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Pella Jordanien (DE-588)4295429-0 gnd Nimrud (DE-588)4195412-9 gnd Nuzi (DE-588)4042824-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Pella Jordanien Nimrud Nuzi |
| id | DE-604.BV047320167 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T17:28:53Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:08:48Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781789697032 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032722940 |
| oclc_num | 1268196505 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-20 |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-20 |
| physical | xviii, 249 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Pläne (teilweise farbig) |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210916 gbd_4_2110 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Archaeopress |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Archaeopress archaeology |
| spelling | Reade, Wendy Verfasser (DE-588)1239699433 aut A compositional study of late Bronze Age and Iron Age glasses from the Near East (2009) The first thousand years of glass-making in the Ancient Near East compositional analyses of Late Bronze and Iron Age glasses Wendy Reade Oxford Archaeopress [2021] © 2021 xviii, 249 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten, Pläne (teilweise farbig) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Archaeopress archaeology Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 209-225 Dissertation University of Sydney 2009 Geschichte 1500 v. Chr.-500 v. Chr. gnd rswk-swf Glasherstellung (DE-588)4157441-2 gnd rswk-swf Pella Jordanien (DE-588)4295429-0 gnd rswk-swf Nimrud (DE-588)4195412-9 gnd rswk-swf Nuzi (DE-588)4042824-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Glas (DE-2581)TH000008274 gbd Pella Jordanien (DE-588)4295429-0 g Nuzi (DE-588)4042824-2 g Nimrud (DE-588)4195412-9 g Glasherstellung (DE-588)4157441-2 s Geschichte 1500 v. Chr.-500 v. Chr. z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-78969-704-9 (DE-604)BV047388799 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032722940&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Reade, Wendy The first thousand years of glass-making in the Ancient Near East compositional analyses of Late Bronze and Iron Age glasses Glasherstellung (DE-588)4157441-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4157441-2 (DE-588)4295429-0 (DE-588)4195412-9 (DE-588)4042824-2 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | The first thousand years of glass-making in the Ancient Near East compositional analyses of Late Bronze and Iron Age glasses |
| title_alt | A compositional study of late Bronze Age and Iron Age glasses from the Near East (2009) |
| title_auth | The first thousand years of glass-making in the Ancient Near East compositional analyses of Late Bronze and Iron Age glasses |
| title_exact_search | The first thousand years of glass-making in the Ancient Near East compositional analyses of Late Bronze and Iron Age glasses |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The first thousand years of glass-making in the Ancient Near East compositional analyses of Late Bronze and Iron Age glasses |
| title_full | The first thousand years of glass-making in the Ancient Near East compositional analyses of Late Bronze and Iron Age glasses Wendy Reade |
| title_fullStr | The first thousand years of glass-making in the Ancient Near East compositional analyses of Late Bronze and Iron Age glasses Wendy Reade |
| title_full_unstemmed | The first thousand years of glass-making in the Ancient Near East compositional analyses of Late Bronze and Iron Age glasses Wendy Reade |
| title_short | The first thousand years of glass-making in the Ancient Near East |
| title_sort | the first thousand years of glass making in the ancient near east compositional analyses of late bronze and iron age glasses |
| title_sub | compositional analyses of Late Bronze and Iron Age glasses |
| topic | Glasherstellung (DE-588)4157441-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Glasherstellung Pella Jordanien Nimrud Nuzi Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032722940&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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