The Qїrghїz Baatïr and the Russian Empire: a portrait of a local intermediary in Russian Central Asia
Tetsu Akiyama gives a vivid description of the dynamism and dilemmas of empire-building in nomadic Central Asia from the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth century, through reconstructing the biography of Shabdan Jantay uulu (ca. 1839-1912), a chieftain from the northern Qīrghīz (Kirghiz, Kyrgyz)...
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| Sprache: | English |
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Leiden ; Boston
Brill
[2021]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Islamic area studies
volume 5 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | Tetsu Akiyama gives a vivid description of the dynamism and dilemmas of empire-building in nomadic Central Asia from the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth century, through reconstructing the biography of Shabdan Jantay uulu (ca. 1839-1912), a chieftain from the northern Qīrghīz (Kirghiz, Kyrgyz) tribes. Based on the comprehensive study of primary sources stored in the archives of Central Asian countries and Russia, Akiyama explores Shabdan's intermediary role in the Russian Empire's military advance and rule in southern Semirech?e and its surrounding regions. Beyond the commonly held stereotype as a "faithful collaborator" to Russia, he appears here as a flexible and tough leader who strategically faced and dealt with Russian dominance. |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 144 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789004436121 |
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| adam_text | Contents Acknowledgements vii Explanatory Notes ix List of Illustrations x Abbreviations xii Prologue і 1 The Man Called “the Last of the Mohicans” 2 Methodology 4 3 Sources n і 1 A Child of theJookerchiUk Zaman i6 1 Qïrghïz After the Collapse of the Junghar Khanate 2 The Formation of the Manap Stratum 20 3 Young Shabdan Stands Out as a Baatïr 23 17 2 Between Qoqand and Russia 27 1 Jantay as an Intermediary of the Qoqand Khanate 27 2 Jantay Encounters the Russian Advance 30 3 Under the Growing Russian Military Presence 31 4 Jantay on the Military Administration System 35 3 Between Ruling Reform and Military Expansion 40 1 Shabdan Appears Before the Russian Authority 42 2 From Baranta to “Military Service” 48 3 Shabdan as a Mediator 51 4 Kolpakovskii Mistrusts, Kaufman Pardons Shabdan 53 4 Aristocrat or Parasite 57 1 Shabdan’s Promotion to the Lieutenant Colonel 57 2 The Manaps as Qïrghïz Aristocracy 61 3 The Emerging “Anti-Manap Struggle” 65 4 Shabdan as an Impediment to Russian Rule 69 5 The “Queen Bee” of the Qïrghïz 74 5 On the Frontline of the Resettlement Policy 1 From “Sword” to “Money” 78 2 Leaving the Deep Recess 80 77
VI CONTENTS 3 4 The Resettlement Administration as a New Player in Semirech’e Searching for a Middle Ground 84 6 Growing Relationship to Islam under Russian Rule 90 1 Shabdan as a Murid 91 2 Baat ir to BaaťirHajji 93 3 Shabdan as the Local Representative of Islam 98 4 Dilemmas Concerning the Engagement with Islam 101 Epilogue: Heading for Ruin 104 1 The Russian Authorities in Shabdan’s Funeral 105 2 Organizing the Ash 107 3 The Russian Authorities and the Ash 111 4 The Colonial Government Strengthens the Intervention 113 5 Shabdan Remains “Alive”: In the Name of Baati r Hajji 115 Conclusion Bibliography Index 137 118 123 82
Bibliography Archives Arkhiv Vneshnoi Politiki Rossiiskoi Imperii (avpri), Moscow. f.i6i: Sankt-Peterburgskii glavnyi arkhiv. India Office Records, London. Rukopisnyi Fond Natsional’noi Akademii Nauk Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (rf nan kr), Bishkek. f.158: Shabdanov, Kamal, Atabïz Shabdan baati r tuuralu jazilgan tarikhi. Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Arkhiv (rgia), St. Petersburg. f.391: Pereselencheskoe upravlenie. f.1276: Sovet ministrov. f.1291: Zemskii otdel. Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Voenno-Istoricheskii Arkhiv (rgvia), Moscow. f.165: Kuropatkin A.N. f.400: Glavnyi shtab, Aziatskaya chasť. Semeinyi Arkhiv Potomkov Shabdana Baatyra (SAPShB), Bishkek. Tsentral’nyi Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Kinofotofono Dokumentov Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (TsGAKFFD KR), Bishkek. Tsentral’nyi Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Kinofotofono Dokumentov i Zvukozapisi Respubliki Kazakhstan (TsGA KFFDZ RK), Almaty. Tsentral’nyi Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (TsGA KR), Bishkek. f.77: Shabdan Dzhantaev. Tsentra’ny Gsudarstvennyi Arkhiv Politicheskoi Dokumentatsii Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (TsGA PD KR), Bishkek. f.10: Kirgizskii obkom VKP(b). Tsentral’nyi Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Respubliki Kazakhstan (TsGA RK), Almaty. f.3: Nachal’nik Alatavskogo okruga. f.ig: Zaveduyushchii pereselencheskim delom v Semirechenskom raione Glavnogo upravleniya zemleustroistva і zemledeliya. f.44: Semirechenskoe oblastnoe pravlenie. f.64: Kantselyariya Stepnogo General-Gubematora. f.77: Vemenskii okruzhnyi sud. f.157: Komitet obshchestvennykh detskikh priyutov. f.374: Pogranichnoe upravlenie Sibirskimi kirgizami.
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Index ‘Abd al-Mannuf, Ş. 106,110 Abdul Hamid и 94,96 Abdyldabek kyzy, J. 12Ո25 Abïlay Khan 19,30 Abramzon, S. ւ8ո8, ցշուշ Adïgene (See “tribal group”) Administration of the Qazaq Great Jiiz 31-32 Aimkhan (See “Shabdan’s wives”) afán (bard) 17, uo Akmolinsk Oblast 60Ո5 Ak-Piket 80,80Ո12 Alash (movement) 121Ո5 Alatav Okrug 32-33 Alay 50,52-53,110 Aleksandr, 11 41 Aleksandr, in 57-58,60,62,65Ո21,70 alien (inorodets) 3Ո5,57,64,87,115 Alike Alimbek սշ, 112Ո30 Alïmqul 34 All Russian Muslim Congress 98 Alma-Ata 34 Almaty 40 Aman (See “Shabdan’s sons”) Anderson, B. 75 Andijan 18, i8n8,46,50,52,110,121 (See also “revolt (uprising)”) Andreev, I. 30Ո17 annexation (prkoedmenle) 16 aq-süyek (white bone) 22,24Ո27,62,62П10, 63 Aral Sea 33,36 arbiter (treteiskii sud’ya) 72Ո44 aristocracy 61,74 (See ako “nobility”) aristocrat(ic) 57,61-64 Aristov, N. 13 Army General Staff Office 61,113 ash 1,104,107,109-іи, ШП23,112,112Ո30,114 (See ako “memorial feast ) Ashumar 36 Asiatic Russia 82,87 assistant (pomoshchnik) 73, П5 junior (mladshii) 43 Ata Bek 27 Atake baatïr 18,24 At-Bashï 471129 District 671127,68,75 aul (encampment) 7,54Ո54 Aulie-Ata 18,35-36,55ո6օ, no Autobiography (of Shabdan) 13,23,27,33, 44,49-5°, 58 Az ik (See “tribal group”) baatïr 8,8ni6,10,16-17,23-24,28,32,44, 47-48,51,55,68,77,77Ո2,78-79,90, 90Ո2,91,94,107,109,116,119-120 baski 46 hąjji 93-94,107, U5-116,120 (See also “hoff) baghatyr 8 Bagh ish (See “tribal group”) bahadur 8 bakhshi 91Ո9 (See ako “shaman”) baranta (baranta) 241125,38Ո45,38Ո47,45, 48,49Ո33,50,118 (See ako “pillaging and raiding”) Bashkir 114 Basi z (See “tribal
group”) batir 8 Bayake, Kiintuughan 45,45Ո21,55Ո59,70, 94 bayge (horse race) 107-108,111 Baytik (Solto manap) 37,49Ո33,55Ո60, 78-79,119 bek (Qoqandian) 28,44 Beklerbek 29 biographical approach 6,7Ո12 biy 21-22,22П19,29,30Ո17,37 Boom 37 Boorombay (jigit) 45,55Ո59 Boroldoi 107,109 Borombay (Bughu manap) 30,32 Boston (See “tribal group”) brave(iy) 16,23,44-45,77Ո2,118 British Consulate General Ա7Ո49 Empire 31,60Ո5 Broido, G. 84Ո24 Bughu (See “tribal group”) bukara (common people) 8,6g, 85 Bukhara 90 Burnt 17Ո6 business 78-80
138 INDEX Catherine the Great 63Ո16 Central Administration for Land Re-organization and Agriculture {Glavnoe Upravlenie Zemleustroistva і Zemledeliya) 82,84,102,115 Chagataev, Musa 90,115 Cherik (See “tribal group”) Chinggis Khan 22,63 Chinggisid 22, շշաց, 23,64 Choko (Saribaghïsh manap) 671127 Chongbaghïsh (See “tribal group”) Chong Kemin (See “Kemin”) Choybek (Sayaq manap) 64 Chu 18,46 River 19,33,35,47.80 Valley 18,38,47Ո29,84,114,114Ո37 civic awareness (grazhdanstvennosť) 41, 48,57 class conflict 7,14 collaborator 4,6mi, 16,72, 74,88,102 collective identity 109-no college registrar 74 colonialism 12 Committee of Ministers (Komitet Ministrov) 98,99Ո29 ionig, 15,27,42,45,52,52Ո44, 70-71,92mi, 102,115,121Ո5 Esengul (See “subdivisions of Sanbaghi sh tribe”) estate (sosiovie) 63,63Ո16,64 ethnographic(al) 13,131127,14, i8n8,221120, 24Ո27,30Ո17,91Ո4,92,92ml, 107 ethnography 13-14,23,29,30Ո17 European Russia 77,82-83 exploiting class 5 exploiter 7,70 factional infighting (partiinaya bor’ba) 68, 72-73,84Ո24,104Ո2 Ferghana 27,37,45-46,78Ո3,90,92ml, 104, 117.121 expedition 49,51Ո39,52,54-55,55Ո59, 60.70.103.119.121 Oblast 55Ո59 Valley 17,45,52, 92 feudal lord 5,85 Fiel’strup, F. 1ЮП20 Foľbaum, M. 86-87,104 1°4n4,105-106, 111-113 friend 1,4,52,52Ո44,117 (See oho “tamir) funeral ceremony (janāza) 14,105 funeral lament (See “koshok ) connection Cooper, J.F. m3 coronation 57-58,61,6m8,62,70, U9 Cossack 49, 60,70,80,105-106, ui Council of Ministers (Sovet Ministrov) 83, 85,87,89, из custom 3,22,51,55ո6օ, 71,8ı, 91,107 -ary law (adat) 52Ո44,63,72Ո44,8o֊8ı datka (dadkhah) 28,28n8 dervish
90 Dökün (Sayaq manap) 53 DÖÖİÖS (See “tribal group”) Dukchi Ishan 92mi Dukhovskoi, S. 101 Dür (Saribaghïsh manap) 74,74Ո53,114-115, ո6ո47,121Ո5 Eastern Turkestan 17,36,37 eastward migration 18, i8n8,32 empire-building 7, u8 entrepreneur (predprinimateľ) 78-79 Galiye madrasa 100 Gavrilov, M. 68 generosity 23,71 governor-general Steppe 70 Turkestan 42,49,55Ո60,58,81,85,87, 101,104112,113,115, U7 Western Siberia 29 Governor-Generalship 11,111121 of Orenburg 11,36 of the Steppes ո, 12Ո23,131127,60Ո5, 6ing, 65Ո21 of Turkestan 11-12,12Ո23,131127,40, 40Ո3,42,60Ո5,67Ո27,88Ո35,1171149 of Western Siberia ո, 60Ո5 grammar school (gimnaziya) 74,99x129, 99Ո30, Ո4 Great Game 31,60Ո5 Great JÜZ (See Jiiz ) Great Reforms 41,55 Grodekov, N. 23
139 INDEX hąįj 8, ю, ιοηι8, gi, 93-94,97, 99,102,114, 120 hajji 94 (See also “baat ùr hajjľ) Half-emperor ( Yarim Padisha) 55 Hatto, A. 29mi Hej az Railway 94 hero 5, 8,16-17, 24,44, 94,121 highlander 41Ո7 History of Qfrgh iz, Devoted to Shadman 90,97 History ofthe Red Qtrgh iz 14 14, Inner part (Ichkilik) (See “tribal federation”) Ili 18, շ8ո8 River 18-19,32 ՅշոշՅ illegal migrant (samovolets) 83-84 imam 99 immigrants (pereseLentsy) 77,82, 92mi India 31 interface 5 interaction 5-6,8,10-11,52 intermarriage 45 intermediary 6,6mi, 11,27-28,41,44-45, 47,52-5Յ1 70-71,118,120-121 (See abo “mediator”) invite (invitation) 31,31Ո22,38,111,118 Iran 90 ishan 90, 92,92mi, 92П12,121Ո5 Islam 10,10П17,88, 90-91,93,97-98, 101-104,120 (See also “pan-Islam”) -ic education 73,99Ո30 -ic engagement ionig, 91,97-98,103 -ic factor 10П17 -ization 91Ո5,92,101 Ïssïk-köl 18,28 Lake 18-19,32,35-37 Uezd 42,47Ո28,51 Ivanov, G. 65-66,69-71,73-74,78 Jadid(ism) 10, ionig, 99,120,121Ո5 Jamgïrchinov, B. 16 Janggharach (Solto manap) 30,35,46 Jetïgen (See “tribal group”) jigit (retainer) 8,24-25,251128,26,26Ո29, 28,44-45,45Ո21,49-51,51Ո39,511140, 53, 551159, 94 joo (fighting) 16 -kerchilik zaman (fighting period) 16-17, 20,22-23,27 Jumghar 18,37-38,46 Junghar Khanate 17-19 junior assistant (mladshii pomoshchnik) (See “assistant”) JÜZ (orda) 19Ո12 Great Jüz ւցուշ, 30-32 Middle Jiiz 19,19Ո12 Small jüz ւցուշ kaftan 1,3,60,94 Kamal (See “Shabdan’s sons”) Karabek 24,29 Kashghar 46,90, no, 117Ո49 Kasïmbek (Sayaq manap) 67Ո27 Kaufman, K. von 42,49-5°, 53՜55 55Ո5955ո6օ, 55п6і, 5б, 58, бо Kazakhstan ւոշ Kazan 101-102
Kegeti 38 Kemin 35,38Ո47,47,47Ո29,48,51, no Chong Kemin 47,471128,471129,80,105, 107,116-117 Kichi Kemin 47Ո29,48,109 Kenesan 30,33Ո28 (See also “revolt (uprising)”) Kenesarin, А. 33Ո28 Kenesarin, B. 107, Ո2ՈՅՕ Kesek (See “tribal group”) Ketmen-Töbö 53,92mi Khan (See also “Chinggis Khan”) Qazaq 19,22, 63 (See ako “Abïlay Khan”) Qïpchaq 49 (See ako “Pulat Khan”) Qïrghïz 28-29,47,115-116,118-119 (See ako “Karabek”, “Möküsh” and “Ormon”) Qoqand 27,29 (See ako “Khudayar Khan” and “Malla Khan”) kherazh 28 Khodarkovsky, M. 6 khoja 92,92mi, 103 Khojend Uezd 52 Khudayar Khan 34,52 Khudayar (Sarîbaghïsh manap) 37,43 Khulasat al-akhval շ8ո8 Kichi Kemin (See “Kemin”) Kitay (See “tribal group”) Kochkor 37-38,46,47Ո27 Kögart 92mi Kolpakovskii, G. 33-35,42,471125,47Ո28, 5տ39,53-55,55n6i, 56,58,60,6օո6, 79, ii8
140 INDEX Kopal fortress 31 Uezd 42,98 koshok (funeral lament) 29,109,110Ո20 Kötmaldï 36 Krivoshein, A. 82,87-88,102 Künggöy 35 Ala-too 19 Kurmanjan Datka 53,53Ո47 Kurmankhoja (Sayaq manap) 52 Kuropatkin, A. 1,4,61,70-73,117 Kurtka 28,35 Kutukov 105-106, io6n8,112,114-115 Kyrgyzstan m2,5,8,8m6,121,12U17 (See also “Soviet”) land allocation 36-38,84,87,89,102,113 expropriation 81,83,84Ո24,85Ո29,87, 89Ո35 hereditary ownership 89,113 ownership 35,48-49,81 strategy 77-78,80-81 surplus (izlishek) 81,83 Lashkar Qushbegi շ8ո8 Leather processing factory (kozhevennyi zavod) 78 working business 79 Left Wing {Sol Qanaat) {See “tribal federation”) Lieutenant Colonel {volskovol starshina) 1- 8,57,59-61,63,69-70,72,76,81, 89Ո35- 9°Ո2,98, юг, Ю5,117,119 Life of Our Father ShabdanBaaiïr 14,16,77 Line (of fortifications) New Qoqandian 35-36,39 Siberian 33,35 Syr-Daryan 33,35 literary milieu 10 Loan Office for Qazaqs and Qïrghïz (Ssudnaya kassa dfya kirgizov) 79 madrasa 99 {See ako “Galiye madrasa”) maktab 99,101,101П34,104Ո4,120 Malla Khan 27,33 manap anti-manap struggle {bor ba s manapami) 65-67,67Ո27,85, ug appointment of 36 exile (yyselenie) of 67Ո27,74 senior {starshii manap) 36-37 stratum 7-8,20, 65,65Ո21,74,77,97 status 61,64,64Ո20,65 Manapbay (Sarîbaghïsh manap) 34,34Ո33, 43,45 Manap biy 22,22Ո20 Manas 15 Maym ű (Solto manap) 35,381148 Mecca and Medina 90-91,94,97 Medet (Sayaq manap) 49Ո33 mediator 51,106,121 {See ako “intermediary”) memorial feast 1,104,107,110 {See ako “ash”) Merke 35 Middle Jiiz (See “Jiiz”) military administration (system) 35,42 advance 1,10,35,38,118 and civil
administration (voennonarodnoe upravlenie) 12,40 conquest 11,57,75,80,102 cooperation 120 decoration (voennyi orden) 1,103 expansion 11,111122,17,40,49,51,65 leader(ship) 23,64,68-69,72,78-79, 90, 110,116,118 orientalist (voennyi vostokoved) 13,13Ո27 service (voennyi usbig) 48,50-51,119 military governor (voennyi gubernator) 54Ո54 Semirech’e 40,42,64-65,70,78,80, 84-85,92, 94,100Ո31,101,105-106, 111-112,112Ո30,113 Syr-Darya 23 Zakaspi 70 Milyutin, D. 36 Minister Prime 82 War 36,117 Ministry of Agriculture and State Property of Internal Affairs 12Ո23 of War ц-к, 40, ug Mïrzaalï (Saiïbaghïsh manap) 43 Mishchenko, P. 85 Modu 44 Moghul 17 Möküsh (See “Shabdan’s sons”) 81
141 INDEX Mongoldor (See “tribal group”) Möörkan (See “Shabdan’s wives”) Moscow 57 mosque ю, 73,91,91Ո4,93,99,101-102, цб-117,120 mufti 99 Muhammad 91,92Ո12 Muhammad Karim 46 Mulatalin, M. (Saribagh ish manap) 74 Miindiiz (See “tribal group”) Miinghush (See “tribal group”) murid 91-92,121П5 Muslim Spiritual Assembly (Dukhovnoe sobrante musuľman) 98 Namangan 50,90,92mi, 103, по, 121Ո5 Naqshbandi order 92 Narbut 69 Narin 51 Narodnik 84-85 national consciousness 10,97, no, 121 framework hero history 97 98,121,121П7 imagination 98 significance 11,75-76,120 unity 97 National Treasury 102 Nayman (See “tribal group”) Nazaroff, P. 261129, 80Ո12 network 45,99 (See ako “connection”) New Qoqandian line (See “line”) Newspaper of the Steppe Region 13Ո27,64 Nikolai и 64,89,113 Nizhnii Novgorod 98 nobility (See also “aristocrat,” “estate”) estate (dvoryanstvo) 63,63Ո16,64 hereditary (potomstvennoe dvoryanstvo) 64 41Ո7 obituary 72Ո43-44,90Ո2,92П12,121 Oblast (system) 11 “On the Qïrghïz” 14,16,64Ո20,68,77Ո2, no, 115 oral -derived sources -epic tradition Pahlen, К. 88-89Ո35 Pamir Mountains 53 pan-Islam 97,101-102, И4-115 parasite 57,68 pardon(ing) (proshchenie) 53,55,55Ո60 parvanachi 28n8 paternalism 12 pension 70-73,102,120 People’s court (judge) (narodnyi sudįsud ya) 54Ո54,68-70,87,87Ո32 5,121 North Caucasus orientalism 12 Ormon (Saribagh ish manap) 21-22,28, շ8ո8, շց, 29Ո10, зо, 32,32Ո23,38, 45-46 orphanage 6in6 Osman (Sayaq manap) 49,51 Osterhammel, J. 6nn Ostroumov, N. 55Ո60 Ottoman Empire 94,96-97 Oyirad 17,17Ո6 (See ako “Qalmaq”) Özbek 17,45 Özbek (Solto manap) 78-79 15,15Ո39 15
special congress 54,54Ո54 Perovsk 36 Pilgrimage 8,75,91,97 (See also “haft ) pillaging and raiding 8-9,23-24,241125,27, 39 64,77,94,119 (See ako “baranta՞) Pishpek City 80Ո13,106 fortress 27-28,44,44П15 poddanstvo 32 Pokorilo, V. 85 Pollock, S. 31П22 Prior, D. 10 public order 45,48,73,88,105-106,119 Pulat Khan 50 qadi 99 Qalmaq 16-18,221120,44,90-91 (See ako “Oyirad”) Qana at Shah 33-34 qara-süyek 24Ո27 (See ako “bukara՞ and “aq-siiyek ) Qarategin 53 Qazaq Khanate 30 Steppe 10Ո17,11,17,27,30-31,61-62, 73
142 Qing INDEX 12Ո23,17Ո6,18-20,20Ո15,27, շ8ո8, бо, 60Ո5,67Ո27 Qïpchaq 29,29Ո14.35,49 Qïpchaq Qïrghïz (See “tribal group”) Qïrghïz Ala-too 36,551160,671127 qizUbash 90 Qoqand Khanate 1,27-29,29Ո10,29Ո14,31, ՅՅ-36,45,47,52,54,73, 89Ո35,103,119 qua (blood payment) 51,721144 Qushbegi 29 (See ako “Lashkar Qushbegi”) Qushchu (See “tribal group”) Radiov, V. 29mi railroad(way) 93,97,99Ո29,102 (See ako “Hejaz Railway”) Rakhmatallah Qoqandian bek 44 Sart merchant 46 Regulations Government decree of 1867 prohibiting the conferral of military titles on Asian “aliens” with low “civic awareness” (Government decree of 186/) 57-58, 60 Instruction of the definition of available national land for settlement and other national necessities in Akmolinsk, Semipalatinsk, Turgai and Ural’sk Oblasts (1909 Instruction) 83,831123, 85 Resettlement Act of 1904 82-83 Statute for the Administration of Semirech’e Cossacks 81 Statute on the Administration of Akmolinsk, Semipalatinsk, Semirech’e, Ural’sk and Turgai Oblasts (Steppe Statute 0/1891) 81 Temporary Statute for the Administration of the Turkestan Oblast ( Temporary Statute 0/1865) 36 Temporary Statute for the Administration of the Oblasts of Semirech’e and Syr-Darya (Temporary Adminktrative Statute 0/1867) 41-44,48,54-55 reorganization committee 42,47Ո28,49, 49ՈՅՅ, 51 Republic of China 117 Resettlement Administration (Pereselencheskoe uprawienie) 81,8uu8, 82,87 Semirech’e Office 84,84Ո24,85,88Ո35, 113-114 resettlement (zemleustroistvo) 77,84, 84Ո24,85,851129,87-89,114 revolt (uprising) Andijan 101, u9 Kenesari 30,32Ո23 1916 3,3Ո5,4,105,115-иб,
ււ6ո47, U7,120 Right Wing (On Qanaat) (See “tribal federation ) Robinson, R. 6nu Russian-native school 73 Russian Orthodoxy 63Ո16 Russian Revolution of 1905 82,98 Russian statist principle (Russkąya gosudarstvennosť) 87 Russian Turkestan 117 Russo-Japanese war 82 Samarkand 121Ո5 Oblast 52 Samsonov, A. 86-89,102,113, 115 Şamildin (See “Shabdan’s sons”) Saribagh ish (See “tribal group”) Sart 12Ո24,27,45-46,49,92mi, 93 Samu (See “tribal group՞) Sayaq (See “tribal group”) sdysh 107,107Ո15,109 sayyd 90 sedentarization 83,87 Semenov, P. 621110 Semipalatinsk Oblast 32,60Ո5 Semirech’e (Jetisuu) 1, ւոշ, 14, i8-ig, 27-28, 31,33,51, 78Ո3,88,104-105 Semirech’e Oblast Gazette 13Ո27,72Ո43-44, 90Ո2,921112,106,111, ШП23,121 Sergiopol Uezd 42 service record (postuzhnoi spisok) 63 Shaake (See “Shabdan’s wives”) ShabdanJomag C 90,98,10U137 Shabdan’s sons Aman 79,92mi, 97-98,106,116 Kamal 15,24,44, 79,99Ո30,100,103,106, 116, ււ6ո47
143 INDEX Möküsh 79,104,115-116,120 Samüdïn 79,116,121115 Shabdan’s wives Shaake 45-46 Aimkhan 46 Möörkan 46,921111 shamail 94,941118,95 shaman(ism) 10Ո17,91,91119,92 Shamsh i 37-38 Shaybekov, Í. 110 sheikh 90 Shimkent 36 Shkapskii, 0. 78,85 Shtakel’berger, Baron 49-50,70-71 Shūrā 14,64Ո20,72Ո44,110 Siberia 49ՈՅՅ. 53.55ո6օ Western Siberia u, 22,29-31,3ini7,33, 34ՈՅՅ Siberian line (See “line”) Sïdïkov, ‘Uthmān ‘Alî 14,14Ո34,97-100 Skobelev, M. 50,53,58,117 Slaughter (Qirghin) 115 Small Jüz (See “Jüz”) Solto (See “tribal group”) Soltonoev, В. 14,47ոշց, 49» Ю5п6 Song Köl Lake 54 Sooronbay (Sarïbaghïsh manap) 43 Soviet 7, 8ni6,16,13,13Ո27,14, 92mi ethnography 14 historiography 4-5,7,16 Kyrgyzstan 121 (See also “Kyrgyzstan”) Union 5,8,14 St Petersburg 61,115 state-building 121 statehood (gosudarstvennosť) 8 Stolypin, P. 82-83,83Ո23 subdivisions of Sarïbaghïsh tribe Esengul 21,28,46,47Ո29,51 Ternir 21,34Ո32,37-38,46-47,47Ո27,48 Tinay 16,21,24,29,34,37,43,47, 47Ո28-29,48,74,109 Sufism 10П17,92 sultan Ottoman 94,96 (See also “Abdul Hamid 11”) Qazaq 22,24Ո27,30Ո17,55Ո60, 62Ո10, 63-64 Sunni Muslim 97 Suusami r 18,37 Syr-Darya Oblast 23 River 33,50 Syr-Daryan line (See Tine”) Tagay 63 Talas 28,46,110 River 36 Valley 45 Talyzin, A. 13,65-68,72-74,78,92, 119 tamir 52,52Ո44 (See also “friend”) Taranchi 12Ո24 Tashkent 29,34, 36,55Ո60,73,79 Tatar 12Ո24,14,63Ո16, 641120,93,99,100Ո31, 101-102,120,121Ո5 Taube, M. 70 Tekes Valley 44 Ternir (See “subdivisions of Sarïbaghïsh tribe”) tent (yurta) 1-3,19П12,72Ո44,105,109 Tian Shan Mountains 1,14,17-18,20,26,33, 37-39. 47.47Ո29. 49. 5L 55ո6օ, 6շաօ,
92.117 Timur 24Ո25 Timurid Empire 17 T inali (Solto manap) 35 Tinay (See “subdivisions of Sarïbaghïsh tribe”) Tinay baati r 18,24 Togan, ZekiVelidi 92mi Toichibek (Qazaq biy) 27 Toqmoq 35,38,51, 80,88Ո35,99-100 District (uchastok) 75,101,105, io6n8, 114 fortress 28-29,34,36 governor (head) of 40,42,48, 52, ng tore 64 (See also “Chinggisid”) Törögeldi (Sarïbaghïsh manap) 21-22, 34Ո32,37-38,38Ո45,46-47.47ոշ7. 48, ид Transition (shift) to a settled (sedentary) way of life (perekhod v osedlosť) 77, 79-80,83,83Ո23, 85, 87-88,93 (See ako “sedentarization”)
144 INDEX translator 74 tribal federation (of Qïrghïz) Right Wing (On Qanaat) 20,22,36,45, 63, no Left Wing (Sol Qanaat) 20,36,76, no Inner part (Ichkilik) 20,76, no tribal group (of Qïrghïz) Adïgene 20-21 Azık 20-21 Baghïsh 20,44 Basız 20 Boston 20 Bughu 18,20,30,32,34Ո31,35,55ո6օ Cherik 20 Chongbaghïsh 20 Döölös 20-21 Jetïgen 20-21,45 Kesek 20 Kitay 20-21 Mongoldor 20-21 Mündüz 20-21 Münghush 20 Nayman 20 Qïpchaq 20,45 Qushchu 20,37,45 Sarïbaghïsh 16,18,20-22,28,37,43,45 47,47Ո27-29.48-49.51.74,9L 97,107 109-110 Samu 20,45-46 Sayaq 18,20,33,45-46,49,49ՈՅՅ, 5ւ՜52 55ո6օ, б4,67Ո27,73,97 Solto 18,20,30,33,35,37,38Ո48,39, 45-47,49ՈՅՅ, 55ո6օ, 78,97,107, u8 tribal principle (rodovoe nachalo) 41 Turkestan Gazette 1,13Ո27 Turkestan Oblast 36,47 Türkistan 36 Tynyshpaev, M. 99,99Ո29,104112, in, 12U15 Uezd (system) 12,40,43,106 Ufa 100 Ümötaalï (Sarïbaghïsh manap) 46,51,91,119 uruk 20 32,38-39, Bayerische umu 20 Uzun Agach 33,331128,34 uzun kulak (long ear) 26Ո29 Vagapov, Z. 99-100,100Ո31 Valikhanov, Ch. 13,18,22,91,118 Veletskii, S. 84-85,87,113 Venyukov, M. 24 Vemoe 32-34,37 (See aho “Alma-ata”, “Almaty” and “Vemyi”) Vemyi City 33,40,55Ո60,6in6,74,84, 99Ո29-30, Ո4 Uezd 42 Volga-Ural region 63Ո16, 99 Volost administrator 41-43,47,47Ո27,48, 49ՈՅՅ, 53,69,106, ИЗ, 116 clerk (pisar”) 67Ո27 system 41-43,48,51,69 warlike (inclination) (voinstvennosť) 23Ո22, 41,48-50,58 way of life (See aho “transition(shift) to a settled way of life”) nomadic 77,79,83,85 sedentary (settled) 17,77,79-80,83, 831123,85,87,93 white bone (See “aą-süyek) Xinjiang Xiongnu 117 44 Ya qub Bek 36,36Ո38,46-47,47Ո25
Yuezhi 44 Za-Chui Krai 33,36-37 Zagryazhskii, G. 13,18,23,42-45,47,47Ո27, 48-49,49ՈՅՅ, 53-54,63,93 Zakaspi Cossack troop 70 Oblast 70 zakat 28,34,341131 zhut 79
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Contents Acknowledgements vii Explanatory Notes ix List of Illustrations x Abbreviations xii Prologue і 1 The Man Called “the Last of the Mohicans” 2 Methodology 4 3 Sources n і 1 A Child of theJookerchiUk Zaman i6 1 Qïrghïz After the Collapse of the Junghar Khanate 2 The Formation of the Manap Stratum 20 3 Young Shabdan Stands Out as a Baatïr 23 17 2 Between Qoqand and Russia 27 1 Jantay as an Intermediary of the Qoqand Khanate 27 2 Jantay Encounters the Russian Advance 30 3 Under the Growing Russian Military Presence 31 4 Jantay on the Military Administration System 35 3 Between Ruling Reform and Military Expansion 40 1 Shabdan Appears Before the Russian Authority 42 2 From Baranta to “Military Service” 48 3 Shabdan as a Mediator 51 4 Kolpakovskii Mistrusts, Kaufman Pardons Shabdan 53 4 Aristocrat or Parasite 57 1 Shabdan’s Promotion to the Lieutenant Colonel 57 2 The Manaps as Qïrghïz Aristocracy 61 3 The Emerging “Anti-Manap Struggle” 65 4 Shabdan as an Impediment to Russian Rule 69 5 The “Queen Bee” of the Qïrghïz 74 5 On the Frontline of the Resettlement Policy 1 From “Sword” to “Money” 78 2 Leaving the Deep Recess 80 77
VI CONTENTS 3 4 The Resettlement Administration as a New Player in Semirech’e Searching for a Middle Ground 84 6 Growing Relationship to Islam under Russian Rule 90 1 Shabdan as a Murid 91 2 Baat'ir to BaaťirHajji 93 3 Shabdan as the Local Representative of Islam 98 4 Dilemmas Concerning the Engagement with Islam 101 Epilogue: Heading for Ruin 104 1 The Russian Authorities in Shabdan’s Funeral 105 2 Organizing the Ash 107 3 The Russian Authorities and the Ash 111 4 The Colonial Government Strengthens the Intervention 113 5 Shabdan Remains “Alive”: In the Name of Baati'r Hajji 115 Conclusion Bibliography Index 137 118 123 82
Bibliography Archives Arkhiv Vneshnoi Politiki Rossiiskoi Imperii (avpri), Moscow. f.i6i: Sankt-Peterburgskii glavnyi arkhiv. India Office Records, London. Rukopisnyi Fond Natsional’noi Akademii Nauk Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (rf nan kr), Bishkek. f.158: Shabdanov, Kamal, Atabïz Shabdan baati'r tuuralu jazilgan tarikhi. Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Istoricheskii Arkhiv (rgia), St. Petersburg. f.391: Pereselencheskoe upravlenie. f.1276: Sovet ministrov. f.1291: Zemskii otdel. Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Voenno-Istoricheskii Arkhiv (rgvia), Moscow. f.165: Kuropatkin A.N. f.400: Glavnyi shtab, Aziatskaya chasť. Semeinyi Arkhiv Potomkov Shabdana Baatyra (SAPShB), Bishkek. Tsentral’nyi Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Kinofotofono Dokumentov Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (TsGAKFFD KR), Bishkek. Tsentral’nyi Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Kinofotofono Dokumentov i Zvukozapisi Respubliki Kazakhstan (TsGA KFFDZ RK), Almaty. Tsentral’nyi Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (TsGA KR), Bishkek. f.77: Shabdan Dzhantaev. Tsentra’ny Gsudarstvennyi Arkhiv Politicheskoi Dokumentatsii Kyrgyzskoi Respubliki (TsGA PD KR), Bishkek. f.10: Kirgizskii obkom VKP(b). Tsentral’nyi Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Respubliki Kazakhstan (TsGA RK), Almaty. f.3: Nachal’nik Alatavskogo okruga. f.ig: Zaveduyushchii pereselencheskim delom v Semirechenskom raione Glavnogo upravleniya zemleustroistva і zemledeliya. f.44: Semirechenskoe oblastnoe pravlenie. f.64: Kantselyariya Stepnogo General-Gubematora. f.77: Vemenskii okruzhnyi sud. f.157: Komitet obshchestvennykh detskikh priyutov. f.374: Pogranichnoe upravlenie Sibirskimi kirgizami.
f.689: Kollektsiya kart. Tsentral’nyi Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Respubliki Uzbekistan (TsGA RUz), Tashkent. f.1-1: Kantselyariya Turkestanskogo General-Gubematora. f.1-336: Voennyi gubernator і komanduyushchii voiskami Turkestanskoi oblasti.
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Index ‘Abd al-Mannuf, Ş. 106,110 Abdul Hamid и 94,96 Abdyldabek kyzy, J. 12Ո25 Abïlay Khan 19,30 Abramzon, S. ւ8ո8, ցշուշ Adïgene (See “tribal group”) Administration of the Qazaq Great Jiiz 31-32 Aimkhan (See “Shabdan’s wives”) afán (bard) 17, uo Akmolinsk Oblast 60Ո5 Ak-Piket 80,80Ո12 Alash (movement) 121Ո5 Alatav Okrug 32-33 Alay 50,52-53,110 Aleksandr, 11 41 Aleksandr, in 57-58,60,62,65Ո21,70 alien (inorodets) 3Ո5,57,64,87,115 Alike Alimbek սշ, 112Ո30 Alïmqul 34 All Russian Muslim Congress 98 Alma-Ata 34 Almaty 40 Aman (See “Shabdan’s sons”) Anderson, B. 75 Andijan 18, i8n8,46,50,52,110,121 (See also “revolt (uprising)”) Andreev, I. 30Ո17 annexation (prkoedmenle) 16 aq-süyek (white bone) 22,24Ո27,62,62П10, 63 Aral Sea 33,36 arbiter (treteiskii sud’ya) 72Ո44 aristocracy 61,74 (See ako “nobility”) aristocrat(ic) 57,61-64 Aristov, N. 13 Army General Staff Office 61,113 ash 1,104,107,109-іи, ШП23,112,112Ո30,114 (See ako “memorial feast") Ashumar 36 Asiatic Russia 82,87 assistant (pomoshchnik) 73, П5 junior (mladshii) 43 Ata Bek 27 Atake baatïr 18,24 At-Bashï 471129 District 671127,68,75 aul (encampment) 7,54Ո54 Aulie-Ata 18,35-36,55ո6օ, no Autobiography (of Shabdan) 13,23,27,33, 44,49-5°, 58 Az'ik (See “tribal group”) baatïr 8,8ni6,10,16-17,23-24,28,32,44, 47-48,51,55,68,77,77Ո2,78-79,90, 90Ո2,91,94,107,109,116,119-120 baski 46 hąjji 93-94,107, U5-116,120 (See also “hoff) baghatyr 8 Bagh'ish (See “tribal group”) bahadur 8 bakhshi 91Ո9 (See ako “shaman”) baranta (baranta) 241125,38Ո45,38Ո47,45, 48,49Ո33,50,118 (See ako “pillaging and raiding”) Bashkir 114 Basi'z (See “tribal
group”) batir 8 Bayake, Kiintuughan 45,45Ո21,55Ո59,70, 94 bayge (horse race) 107-108,111 Baytik (Solto manap) 37,49Ո33,55Ո60, 78-79,119 bek (Qoqandian) 28,44 Beklerbek 29 biographical approach 6,7Ո12 biy 21-22,22П19,29,30Ո17,37 Boom 37 Boorombay (jigit) 45,55Ո59 Boroldoi 107,109 Borombay (Bughu manap) 30,32 Boston (See “tribal group”) brave(iy) 16,23,44-45,77Ո2,118 British Consulate General Ա7Ո49 Empire 31,60Ո5 Broido, G. 84Ո24 Bughu (See “tribal group”) bukara (common people) 8,6g, 85 Bukhara 90 Burnt 17Ո6 business 78-80
138 INDEX Catherine the Great 63Ո16 Central Administration for Land Re-organization and Agriculture {Glavnoe Upravlenie Zemleustroistva і Zemledeliya) 82,84,102,115 Chagataev, Musa 90,115 Cherik (See “tribal group”) Chinggis Khan 22,63 Chinggisid 22, շշաց, 23,64 Choko (Saribaghïsh manap) 671127 Chongbaghïsh (See “tribal group”) Chong Kemin (See “Kemin”) Choybek (Sayaq manap) 64 Chu 18,46 River 19,33,35,47.80 Valley 18,38,47Ո29,84,114,114Ո37 civic awareness (grazhdanstvennosť) 41, 48,57 class conflict 7,14 collaborator 4,6mi, 16,72, 74,88,102 collective identity 109-no college registrar 74 colonialism 12 Committee of Ministers (Komitet Ministrov) 98,99Ո29 ionig, 15,27,42,45,52,52Ո44, 70-71,92mi, 102,115,121Ո5 Esengul (See “subdivisions of Sanbaghi'sh tribe”) estate (sosiovie) 63,63Ո16,64 ethnographic(al) 13,131127,14, i8n8,221120, 24Ո27,30Ո17,91Ո4,92,92ml, 107 ethnography 13-14,23,29,30Ո17 European Russia 77,82-83 exploiting class 5 exploiter 7,70 factional infighting (partiinaya bor’ba) 68, 72-73,84Ո24,104Ո2 Ferghana 27,37,45-46,78Ո3,90,92ml, 104, 117.121 expedition 49,51Ո39,52,54-55,55Ո59, 60.70.103.119.121 Oblast 55Ո59 Valley 17,45,52, 92 feudal lord 5,85 Fiel’strup, F. 1ЮП20 Foľbaum, M. 86-87,104 1°4n4,105-106, 111-113 friend 1,4,52,52Ո44,117 (See oho “tamir) funeral ceremony (janāza) 14,105 funeral lament (See “koshok") connection Cooper, J.F. m3 coronation 57-58,61,6m8,62,70, U9 Cossack 49, 60,70,80,105-106, ui Council of Ministers (Sovet Ministrov) 83, 85,87,89, из custom 3,22,51,55ո6օ, 71,8ı, 91,107 -ary law (adat) 52Ո44,63,72Ո44,8o֊8ı datka (dadkhah) 28,28n8 dervish
90 Dökün (Sayaq manap) 53 DÖÖİÖS (See “tribal group”) Dukchi Ishan 92mi Dukhovskoi, S. 101 Dür (Saribaghïsh manap) 74,74Ո53,114-115, ո6ո47,121Ո5 Eastern Turkestan 17,36,37 eastward migration 18, i8n8,32 empire-building 7, u8 entrepreneur (predprinimateľ) 78-79 Galiye madrasa 100 Gavrilov, M. 68 generosity 23,71 governor-general Steppe 70 Turkestan 42,49,55Ո60,58,81,85,87, 101,104112,113,115, U7 Western Siberia 29 Governor-Generalship 11,111121 of Orenburg 11,36 of the Steppes ո, 12Ո23,131127,60Ո5, 6ing, 65Ո21 of Turkestan 11-12,12Ո23,131127,40, 40Ո3,42,60Ո5,67Ո27,88Ո35,1171149 of Western Siberia ո, 60Ո5 grammar school (gimnaziya) 74,99x129, 99Ո30, Ո4 Great Game 31,60Ո5 Great JÜZ (See 'Jiiz") Great Reforms 41,55 Grodekov, N. 23
139 INDEX hąįj 8, ю, ιοηι8, gi, 93-94,97, 99,102,114, 120 hajji 94 (See also “baat'ùr hajjľ) Half-emperor ( Yarim Padisha) 55 Hatto, A. 29mi Hej az Railway 94 hero 5, 8,16-17, 24,44, 94,121 highlander 41Ո7 History of Qfrgh'iz, Devoted to Shadman 90,97 History ofthe Red Qtrgh'iz 14 14, Inner part (Ichkilik) (See “tribal federation”) Ili 18, շ8ո8 River 18-19,32 ՅշոշՅ illegal migrant (samovolets) 83-84 imam 99 immigrants (pereseLentsy) 77,82, 92mi India 31 interface 5 interaction 5-6,8,10-11,52 intermarriage 45 intermediary 6,6mi, 11,27-28,41,44-45, 47,52-5Յ1 70-71,118,120-121 (See abo “mediator”) invite (invitation) 31,31Ո22,38,111,118 Iran 90 ishan 90, 92,92mi, 92П12,121Ո5 Islam 10,10П17,88, 90-91,93,97-98, 101-104,120 (See also “pan-Islam”) -ic education 73,99Ո30 -ic engagement ionig, 91,97-98,103 -ic factor 10П17 -ization 91Ո5,92,101 Ïssïk-köl 18,28 Lake 18-19,32,35-37 Uezd 42,47Ո28,51 Ivanov, G. 65-66,69-71,73-74,78 Jadid(ism) 10, ionig, 99,120,121Ո5 Jamgïrchinov, B. 16 Janggharach (Solto manap) 30,35,46 Jetïgen (See “tribal group”) jigit (retainer) 8,24-25,251128,26,26Ո29, 28,44-45,45Ո21,49-51,51Ո39,511140, 53, 551159, 94 joo (fighting) 16 -kerchilik zaman (fighting period) 16-17, 20,22-23,27 Jumghar 18,37-38,46 Junghar Khanate 17-19 junior assistant (mladshii pomoshchnik) (See “assistant”) JÜZ (orda) 19Ո12 Great Jüz ւցուշ, 30-32 Middle Jiiz 19,19Ո12 Small jüz ւցուշ kaftan 1,3,60,94 Kamal (See “Shabdan’s sons”) Karabek 24,29 Kashghar 46,90, no, 117Ո49 Kasïmbek (Sayaq manap) 67Ո27 Kaufman, K. von 42,49-5°, 53՜55 55Ո5955ո6օ, 55п6і, 5б, 58, бо Kazakhstan ւոշ Kazan 101-102
Kegeti 38 Kemin 35,38Ո47,47,47Ո29,48,51, no Chong Kemin 47,471128,471129,80,105, 107,116-117 Kichi Kemin 47Ո29,48,109 Kenesan 30,33Ո28 (See also “revolt (uprising)”) Kenesarin, А. 33Ո28 Kenesarin, B. 107, Ո2ՈՅՕ Kesek (See “tribal group”) Ketmen-Töbö 53,92mi Khan (See also “Chinggis Khan”) Qazaq 19,22, 63 (See ako “Abïlay Khan”) Qïpchaq 49 (See ako “Pulat Khan”) Qïrghïz 28-29,47,115-116,118-119 (See ako “Karabek”, “Möküsh” and “Ormon”) Qoqand 27,29 (See ako “Khudayar Khan” and “Malla Khan”) kherazh 28 Khodarkovsky, M. 6 khoja 92,92mi, 103 Khojend Uezd 52 Khudayar Khan 34,52 Khudayar (Sarîbaghïsh manap) 37,43 Khulasat al-akhval շ8ո8 Kichi Kemin (See “Kemin”) Kitay (See “tribal group”) Kochkor 37-38,46,47Ո27 Kögart 92mi Kolpakovskii, G. 33-35,42,471125,47Ո28, 5տ39,53-55,55n6i, 56,58,60,6օո6, 79, ii8
140 INDEX Kopal fortress 31 Uezd 42,98 koshok (funeral lament) 29,109,110Ո20 Kötmaldï 36 Krivoshein, A. 82,87-88,102 Künggöy 35 Ala-too 19 Kurmanjan Datka 53,53Ո47 Kurmankhoja (Sayaq manap) 52 Kuropatkin, A. 1,4,61,70-73,117 Kurtka 28,35 Kutukov 105-106, io6n8,112,114-115 Kyrgyzstan m2,5,8,8m6,121,12U17 (See also “Soviet”) land allocation 36-38,84,87,89,102,113 expropriation 81,83,84Ո24,85Ո29,87, 89Ո35 hereditary ownership 89,113 ownership 35,48-49,81 strategy 77-78,80-81 surplus (izlishek) 81,83 Lashkar Qushbegi շ8ո8 Leather processing factory (kozhevennyi zavod) 78 working business 79 Left Wing {Sol Qanaat) {See “tribal federation”) Lieutenant Colonel {volskovol starshina) 1- 8,57,59-61,63,69-70,72,76,81, 89Ո35- 9°Ո2,98, юг, Ю5,117,119 Life of Our Father ShabdanBaaiïr 14,16,77 Line (of fortifications) New Qoqandian 35-36,39 Siberian 33,35 Syr-Daryan 33,35 literary milieu 10 Loan Office for Qazaqs and Qïrghïz (Ssudnaya kassa dfya kirgizov) 79 madrasa 99 {See ako “Galiye madrasa”) maktab 99,101,101П34,104Ո4,120 Malla Khan 27,33 manap anti-manap struggle {bor'ba s manapami) 65-67,67Ո27,85, ug appointment of 36 exile (yyselenie) of 67Ո27,74 senior {starshii manap) 36-37 stratum 7-8,20, 65,65Ո21,74,77,97 status 61,64,64Ո20,65 Manapbay (Sarîbaghïsh manap) 34,34Ո33, 43,45 Manap biy 22,22Ո20 Manas 15 Maym'ű (Solto manap) 35,381148 Mecca and Medina 90-91,94,97 Medet (Sayaq manap) 49Ո33 mediator 51,106,121 {See ako “intermediary”) memorial feast 1,104,107,110 {See ako “ash”) Merke 35 Middle Jiiz (See “Jiiz”) military administration (system) 35,42 advance 1,10,35,38,118 and civil
administration (voennonarodnoe upravlenie) 12,40 conquest 11,57,75,80,102 cooperation 120 decoration (voennyi orden) 1,103 expansion 11,111122,17,40,49,51,65 leader(ship) 23,64,68-69,72,78-79, 90, 110,116,118 orientalist (voennyi vostokoved) 13,13Ո27 service (voennyi usbig) 48,50-51,119 military governor (voennyi gubernator) 54Ո54 Semirech’e 40,42,64-65,70,78,80, 84-85,92, 94,100Ո31,101,105-106, 111-112,112Ո30,113 Syr-Darya 23 Zakaspi 70 Milyutin, D. 36 Minister Prime 82 War 36,117 Ministry of Agriculture and State Property of Internal Affairs 12Ո23 of War ц-к, 40, ug Mïrzaalï (Saiïbaghïsh manap) 43 Mishchenko, P. 85 Modu 44 Moghul 17 Möküsh (See “Shabdan’s sons”) 81
141 INDEX Mongoldor (See “tribal group”) Möörkan (See “Shabdan’s wives”) Moscow 57 mosque ю, 73,91,91Ո4,93,99,101-102, цб-117,120 mufti 99 Muhammad 91,92Ո12 Muhammad Karim 46 Mulatalin, M. (Saribagh'ish manap) 74 Miindiiz (See “tribal group”) Miinghush (See “tribal group”) murid 91-92,121П5 Muslim Spiritual Assembly (Dukhovnoe sobrante musuľman) 98 Namangan 50,90,92mi, 103, по, 121Ո5 Naqshbandi order 92 Narbut 69 Narin 51 Narodnik 84-85 national consciousness 10,97, no, 121 framework hero history 97 98,121,121П7 imagination 98 significance 11,75-76,120 unity 97 National Treasury 102 Nayman (See “tribal group”) Nazaroff, P. 261129, 80Ո12 network 45,99 (See ako “connection”) New Qoqandian line (See “line”) Newspaper of the Steppe Region 13Ո27,64 Nikolai и 64,89,113 Nizhnii Novgorod 98 nobility (See also “aristocrat,” “estate”) estate (dvoryanstvo) 63,63Ո16,64 hereditary (potomstvennoe dvoryanstvo) 64 41Ո7 obituary 72Ո43-44,90Ո2,92П12,121 Oblast (system) 11 “On the Qïrghïz” 14,16,64Ո20,68,77Ո2, no, 115 oral -derived sources -epic tradition Pahlen, К. 88-89Ո35 Pamir Mountains 53 pan-Islam 97,101-102, И4-115 parasite 57,68 pardon(ing) (proshchenie) 53,55,55Ո60 parvanachi 28n8 paternalism 12 pension 70-73,102,120 People’s court (judge) (narodnyi sudįsud'ya) 54Ո54,68-70,87,87Ո32 5,121 North Caucasus orientalism 12 Ormon (Saribagh'ish manap) 21-22,28, շ8ո8, շց, 29Ո10, зо, 32,32Ո23,38, 45-46 orphanage 6in6 Osman (Sayaq manap) 49,51 Osterhammel, J. 6nn Ostroumov, N. 55Ո60 Ottoman Empire 94,96-97 Oyirad 17,17Ո6 (See ako “Qalmaq”) Özbek 17,45 Özbek (Solto manap) 78-79 15,15Ո39 15
special congress 54,54Ո54 Perovsk 36 Pilgrimage 8,75,91,97 (See also “haft") pillaging and raiding 8-9,23-24,241125,27, 39 64,77,94,119 (See ako “baranta՞) Pishpek City 80Ո13,106 fortress 27-28,44,44П15 poddanstvo 32 Pokorilo, V. 85 Pollock, S. 31П22 Prior, D. 10 public order 45,48,73,88,105-106,119 Pulat Khan 50 qadi 99 Qalmaq 16-18,221120,44,90-91 (See ako “Oyirad”) Qana'at Shah 33-34 qara-süyek 24Ո27 (See ako “bukara՞ and “aq-siiyek") Qarategin 53 Qazaq Khanate 30 Steppe 10Ո17,11,17,27,30-31,61-62, 73
142 Qing INDEX 12Ո23,17Ո6,18-20,20Ո15,27, շ8ո8, бо, 60Ո5,67Ո27 Qïpchaq 29,29Ո14.35,49 Qïpchaq Qïrghïz (See “tribal group”) Qïrghïz Ala-too 36,551160,671127 qizUbash 90 Qoqand Khanate 1,27-29,29Ո10,29Ո14,31, ՅՅ-36,45,47,52,54,73, 89Ո35,103,119 qua (blood payment) 51,721144 Qushbegi 29 (See ako “Lashkar Qushbegi”) Qushchu (See “tribal group”) Radiov, V. 29mi railroad(way) 93,97,99Ո29,102 (See ako “Hejaz Railway”) Rakhmatallah Qoqandian bek 44 Sart merchant 46 Regulations Government decree of 1867 prohibiting the conferral of military titles on Asian “aliens” with low “civic awareness” (Government decree of 186/) 57-58, 60 Instruction of the definition of available national land for settlement and other national necessities in Akmolinsk, Semipalatinsk, Turgai and Ural’sk Oblasts (1909 Instruction) 83,831123, 85 Resettlement Act of 1904 82-83 Statute for the Administration of Semirech’e Cossacks 81 Statute on the Administration of Akmolinsk, Semipalatinsk, Semirech’e, Ural’sk and Turgai Oblasts (Steppe Statute 0/1891) 81 Temporary Statute for the Administration of the Turkestan Oblast ( Temporary Statute 0/1865) 36 Temporary Statute for the Administration of the Oblasts of Semirech’e and Syr-Darya (Temporary Adminktrative Statute 0/1867) 41-44,48,54-55 reorganization committee 42,47Ո28,49, 49ՈՅՅ, 51 Republic of China 117 Resettlement Administration (Pereselencheskoe uprawienie) 81,8uu8, 82,87 Semirech’e Office 84,84Ո24,85,88Ո35, 113-114 resettlement (zemleustroistvo) 77,84, 84Ո24,85,851129,87-89,114 revolt (uprising) Andijan 101, u9 Kenesari 30,32Ո23 1916 3,3Ո5,4,105,115-иб,
ււ6ո47, U7,120 Right Wing (On Qanaat) (See “tribal federation") Robinson, R. 6nu Russian-native school 73 Russian Orthodoxy 63Ո16 Russian Revolution of 1905 82,98 Russian statist principle (Russkąya gosudarstvennosť) 87 Russian Turkestan 117 Russo-Japanese war 82 Samarkand 121Ո5 Oblast 52 Samsonov, A. 86-89,102,113, 115 Şamildin (See “Shabdan’s sons”) Saribagh'ish (See “tribal group”) Sart 12Ո24,27,45-46,49,92mi, 93 Samu (See “tribal group՞) Sayaq (See “tribal group”) sdysh 107,107Ո15,109 sayyd 90 sedentarization 83,87 Semenov, P. 621110 Semipalatinsk Oblast 32,60Ո5 Semirech’e (Jetisuu) 1, ւոշ, 14, i8-ig, 27-28, 31,33,51, 78Ո3,88,104-105 Semirech’e Oblast Gazette 13Ո27,72Ո43-44, 90Ո2,921112,106,111, ШП23,121 Sergiopol Uezd 42 service record (postuzhnoi spisok) 63 Shaake (See “Shabdan’s wives”) ShabdanJomag'C 90,98,10U137 Shabdan’s sons Aman 79,92mi, 97-98,106,116 Kamal 15,24,44, 79,99Ո30,100,103,106, 116, ււ6ո47
143 INDEX Möküsh 79,104,115-116,120 Samüdïn 79,116,121115 Shabdan’s wives Shaake 45-46 Aimkhan 46 Möörkan 46,921111 shamail 94,941118,95 shaman(ism) 10Ո17,91,91119,92 Shamsh'i 37-38 Shaybekov, Í. 110 sheikh 90 Shimkent 36 Shkapskii, 0. 78,85 Shtakel’berger, Baron 49-50,70-71 Shūrā 14,64Ո20,72Ո44,110 Siberia 49ՈՅՅ. 53.55ո6օ Western Siberia u, 22,29-31,3ini7,33, 34ՈՅՅ Siberian line (See “line”) Sïdïkov, ‘Uthmān ‘Alî 14,14Ո34,97-100 Skobelev, M. 50,53,58,117 Slaughter (Qirghin) 115 Small Jüz (See “Jüz”) Solto (See “tribal group”) Soltonoev, В. 14,47ոշց, 49» Ю5п6 Song Köl Lake 54 Sooronbay (Sarïbaghïsh manap) 43 Soviet 7, 8ni6,16,13,13Ո27,14, 92mi ethnography 14 historiography 4-5,7,16 Kyrgyzstan 121 (See also “Kyrgyzstan”) Union 5,8,14 St Petersburg 61,115 state-building 121 statehood (gosudarstvennosť) 8 Stolypin, P. 82-83,83Ո23 subdivisions of Sarïbaghïsh tribe Esengul 21,28,46,47Ո29,51 Ternir 21,34Ո32,37-38,46-47,47Ո27,48 Tinay 16,21,24,29,34,37,43,47, 47Ո28-29,48,74,109 Sufism 10П17,92 sultan Ottoman 94,96 (See also “Abdul Hamid 11”) Qazaq 22,24Ո27,30Ո17,55Ո60, 62Ո10, 63-64 Sunni Muslim 97 Suusami'r 18,37 Syr-Darya Oblast 23 River 33,50 Syr-Daryan line (See Tine”) Tagay 63 Talas 28,46,110 River 36 Valley 45 Talyzin, A. 13,65-68,72-74,78,92, 119 tamir 52,52Ո44 (See also “friend”) Taranchi 12Ո24 Tashkent 29,34, 36,55Ո60,73,79 Tatar 12Ո24,14,63Ո16, 641120,93,99,100Ո31, 101-102,120,121Ո5 Taube, M. 70 Tekes Valley 44 Ternir (See “subdivisions of Sarïbaghïsh tribe”) tent (yurta) 1-3,19П12,72Ո44,105,109 Tian Shan Mountains 1,14,17-18,20,26,33, 37-39. 47.47Ո29. 49. 5L 55ո6օ, 6շաօ,
92.117 Timur 24Ո25 Timurid Empire 17 T'inali (Solto manap) 35 Tinay (See “subdivisions of Sarïbaghïsh tribe”) Tinay baati'r 18,24 Togan, ZekiVelidi 92mi Toichibek (Qazaq biy) 27 Toqmoq 35,38,51, 80,88Ո35,99-100 District (uchastok) 75,101,105, io6n8, 114 fortress 28-29,34,36 governor (head) of 40,42,48, 52, ng tore 64 (See also “Chinggisid”) Törögeldi (Sarïbaghïsh manap) 21-22, 34Ո32,37-38,38Ո45,46-47.47ոշ7. 48, ид Transition (shift) to a settled (sedentary) way of life (perekhod v osedlosť) 77, 79-80,83,83Ո23, 85, 87-88,93 (See ako “sedentarization”)
144 INDEX translator 74 tribal federation (of Qïrghïz) Right Wing (On Qanaat) 20,22,36,45, 63, no Left Wing (Sol Qanaat) 20,36,76, no Inner part (Ichkilik) 20,76, no tribal group (of Qïrghïz) Adïgene 20-21 Azık 20-21 Baghïsh 20,44 Basız 20 Boston 20 Bughu 18,20,30,32,34Ո31,35,55ո6օ Cherik 20 Chongbaghïsh 20 Döölös 20-21 Jetïgen 20-21,45 Kesek 20 Kitay 20-21 Mongoldor 20-21 Mündüz 20-21 Münghush 20 Nayman 20 Qïpchaq 20,45 Qushchu 20,37,45 Sarïbaghïsh 16,18,20-22,28,37,43,45 47,47Ո27-29.48-49.51.74,9L 97,107 109-110 Samu 20,45-46 Sayaq 18,20,33,45-46,49,49ՈՅՅ, 5ւ՜52 55ո6օ, б4,67Ո27,73,97 Solto 18,20,30,33,35,37,38Ո48,39, 45-47,49ՈՅՅ, 55ո6օ, 78,97,107, u8 tribal principle (rodovoe nachalo) 41 Turkestan Gazette 1,13Ո27 Turkestan Oblast 36,47 Türkistan 36 Tynyshpaev, M. 99,99Ո29,104112, in, 12U15 Uezd (system) 12,40,43,106 Ufa 100 Ümötaalï (Sarïbaghïsh manap) 46,51,91,119 uruk 20 32,38-39, Bayerische umu 20 Uzun Agach 33,331128,34 uzun kulak (long ear) 26Ո29 Vagapov, Z. 99-100,100Ո31 Valikhanov, Ch. 13,18,22,91,118 Veletskii, S. 84-85,87,113 Venyukov, M. 24 Vemoe 32-34,37 (See aho “Alma-ata”, “Almaty” and “Vemyi”) Vemyi City 33,40,55Ո60,6in6,74,84, 99Ո29-30, Ո4 Uezd 42 Volga-Ural region 63Ո16, 99 Volost administrator 41-43,47,47Ո27,48, 49ՈՅՅ, 53,69,106, ИЗ, 116 clerk (pisar”) 67Ո27 system 41-43,48,51,69 warlike (inclination) (voinstvennosť) 23Ո22, 41,48-50,58 way of life (See aho “transition(shift) to a settled way of life”) nomadic 77,79,83,85 sedentary (settled) 17,77,79-80,83, 831123,85,87,93 white bone (See “aą-süyek) Xinjiang Xiongnu 117 44 Ya'qub Bek 36,36Ո38,46-47,47Ո25
Yuezhi 44 Za-Chui Krai 33,36-37 Zagryazhskii, G. 13,18,23,42-45,47,47Ո27, 48-49,49ՈՅՅ, 53-54,63,93 Zakaspi Cossack troop 70 Oblast 70 zakat 28,34,341131 zhut 79 |
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| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Akiyama, Tetsu 1979- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1235024490 |
| author_facet | Akiyama, Tetsu 1979- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Akiyama, Tetsu 1979- |
| author_variant | t a ta |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047291796 |
| classification_rvk | NK 4700 NP 6002 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1252701642 (DE-599)BVBBV047291796 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1850-1914 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1850-1914 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Biografie |
| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd Siebenstromland (DE-588)4510129-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russland Siebenstromland |
| id | DE-604.BV047291796 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T17:20:23Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:07:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789004436121 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032695142 |
| oclc_num | 1252701642 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-12 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-12 DE-188 |
| physical | XIII, 144 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 24 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210813 BSBWK1 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Brill |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Islamic area studies |
| series2 | Islamic area studies |
| spelling | Akiyama, Tetsu 1979- Verfasser (DE-588)1235024490 aut The Qїrghїz Baatïr and the Russian Empire a portrait of a local intermediary in Russian Central Asia by Akiyama Tetsu The Qīrghīz baatīr and the Russian Empire Leiden ; Boston Brill [2021] XIII, 144 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Islamic area studies volume 5 Tetsu Akiyama gives a vivid description of the dynamism and dilemmas of empire-building in nomadic Central Asia from the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth century, through reconstructing the biography of Shabdan Jantay uulu (ca. 1839-1912), a chieftain from the northern Qīrghīz (Kirghiz, Kyrgyz) tribes. Based on the comprehensive study of primary sources stored in the archives of Central Asian countries and Russia, Akiyama explores Shabdan's intermediary role in the Russian Empire's military advance and rule in southern Semirech?e and its surrounding regions. Beyond the commonly held stereotype as a "faithful collaborator" to Russia, he appears here as a flexible and tough leader who strategically faced and dealt with Russian dominance. Geschichte 1850-1914 gnd rswk-swf Kirgisen (DE-588)4030847-9 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Siebenstromland (DE-588)4510129-2 gnd rswk-swf Statesmen / Kyrgyzstan / Biography Statesmen / Asia, Central / Biography Kyrgyzstan / Politics and government / 19th century / Sources Kyrgyzstan / Foreign relations / Russia Russia / Foreign relations / Kyrgyzstan Shabdan Zhantaĭ uulu / 1839-1912 (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Siebenstromland (DE-588)4510129-2 g Kirgisen (DE-588)4030847-9 s Geschichte 1850-1914 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-90-04-43613-8 (DE-604)BV047102402 Islamic area studies volume 5 (DE-604)BV042568737 5 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032695142&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032695142&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032695142&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Akiyama, Tetsu 1979- The Qїrghїz Baatïr and the Russian Empire a portrait of a local intermediary in Russian Central Asia Islamic area studies Kirgisen (DE-588)4030847-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4030847-9 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4510129-2 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | The Qїrghїz Baatïr and the Russian Empire a portrait of a local intermediary in Russian Central Asia |
| title_alt | The Qīrghīz baatīr and the Russian Empire |
| title_auth | The Qїrghїz Baatïr and the Russian Empire a portrait of a local intermediary in Russian Central Asia |
| title_exact_search | The Qїrghїz Baatïr and the Russian Empire a portrait of a local intermediary in Russian Central Asia |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The Qїrghїz Baatïr and the Russian Empire a portrait of a local intermediary in Russian Central Asia |
| title_full | The Qїrghїz Baatïr and the Russian Empire a portrait of a local intermediary in Russian Central Asia by Akiyama Tetsu |
| title_fullStr | The Qїrghїz Baatïr and the Russian Empire a portrait of a local intermediary in Russian Central Asia by Akiyama Tetsu |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Qїrghїz Baatïr and the Russian Empire a portrait of a local intermediary in Russian Central Asia by Akiyama Tetsu |
| title_short | The Qїrghїz Baatïr and the Russian Empire |
| title_sort | the qіrghіz baatir and the russian empire a portrait of a local intermediary in russian central asia |
| title_sub | a portrait of a local intermediary in Russian Central Asia |
| topic | Kirgisen (DE-588)4030847-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kirgisen Russland Siebenstromland Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032695142&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032695142&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032695142&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV042568737 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT akiyamatetsu theqírghízbaatirandtherussianempireaportraitofalocalintermediaryinrussiancentralasia AT akiyamatetsu theqirghizbaatirandtherussianempire |