Albemarle Street: portraits, personalities and presentations at The Royal Institution
The Royal Institution of Great Britain is renowned the world over, first, because it is a premier arena for the advancement of new scientific and technological knowledge; and second because it highlights the advance of knowledge of all kinds. It bridges the sciences and the humanities, and as much p...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Oxford
Oxford University Press
2021
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| Ausgabe: | First edition |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | The Royal Institution of Great Britain is renowned the world over, first, because it is a premier arena for the advancement of new scientific and technological knowledge; and second because it highlights the advance of knowledge of all kinds. It bridges the sciences and the humanities, and as much publicity is given to advances in the arts, archaeology, architecture, drama and literature as to the pure and applied sciences. More famous scientists have lived and worked in the Royal Institution than in any other laboratory in the world. A roll-call includes Rumford, Davy, Faraday, Tyndall, Dewar, Rayleigh, W. H. Bragg, W. L. Bragg and George Porter. Not is it only the home of continuous electricity, it is also the birthplace of many aspects of molecular biology0and viruses and enzymology. Some fifteen scientists who have won the Nobel Prize have, at one time or another, worked or lectured at the RI. And eminent individuals, like Howard Carter and Coleridge, have lectured there.0Albemarle Street - Portraits, Personalities and Presentations at The Royal institution is a lively and compelling personal selection of the remarkable personalities and achievements of some of the extraordinary scientists and individuals who, during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, worked or lectured at 21 Albemarle Street in Mayfair, central London. John Meurig Thomas offers a unique and valuable insight into the history of this prestigious address, having himself lived and worked at the Royal Institution for some twenty years |
| Beschreibung: | xix, 263 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780192898005 0192898000 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents 1 Setting the Scene 1 1 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Some Eminent Visitors to Number 21 Albemarle Street in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries 1.3 The Unique Qualities of the RI 1.4 RI Christmas Lectures 1.5 RI Christmas Lectures in Japan 1.5.1 More Recent RI Christmas Lectures and their Influence 1.6 Mathematics at the RI 1.7 The Central Role of Mathematics in a Cosmic Context 1.8 The RI as Mecca 2 11 12 18 19 22 23 24 2 Count Rumford and his Remarkable Creation in Albemarle Street 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 30 Introduction Early Life: Soldier, Statesman, and Scientist Bavarian Adventures West Point or Albemarle Street? Madame Lavoisier 30 31 32 37 41 3 Sir Humphry Davy: Natural Philosopher, Discourser, Inventor, Poet, and Man of Action 44 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Introduction How Did Davy’s Life Unfold? Davy’s Years at the RI Davy’s Poetic Interests A Selection of Davy’s Other Achievements 3.5.1 Agricultural Chemistry 3.6 The Miner’s Safety Lamp 3.7 Marriage 44 49 54 57 59 59 61 63 4 Michael Faraday: Paragon 4.1 Introduction 4.2 A Few of Faraday’s Greatest Discoveries 4.2.1 Electromagnetic Induction 4.2.2 The Laws of Electrolysis 4.2.3 Practical and Societal Consequences of Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis 4.2.4 A Dramatic Lecture-Demonstration 66 66 69 69 71 73 73
xvi Contents 4.3 Faraday and Franklin: Parallels intheir Work 4.4 How Did Faraday Get to the RI? 4.4.1 Field Theory 4.5 The Faraday Effect 4.6 Three Women with Whom He Interacted 4.7 Faraday’s Visits to Wales 4.8 Concluding Remarks 4.8.1 An Assessment of Faraday and Davy 4.8.2 What was the Essence of Faraday’s Genius? 4.8.3 Faraday’s Skill in Coining Words Appendix: Excerpts from the Sermon by the Archbishop ofYork, Preached at Westminster Abbey at Faraday’s Bicentenary Celebrations in September 1991 5 The Incredible Lord Rayleigh A Cruise up the Nile Brief Outline of his Career Professor at Cambridge Rayleigh at the RI 5.4.1 Pouring Oil on Troubled Waters with Benjamin Franklin 5.4.2 Franklin’s Monolayer 5.5 The Discovery of Argon 5.6 Conclusion Appendix 1 : A Wager Involving the Age of the Earth Appendix 2: Rayleigh and Ramsay Appendix 3: Message from the Current Lord Rayleigh 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6 The Fuel Cell: William Robert Grove’s Discourse in 1843 and Francis Bacon’s in 1960 Introduction: The Threat of Climate Change William Robert Grove at the London Institution A Brief History of the Status of the Fuel Cell William Robert Grove: The Man and Some of his Other Achievements 6.5 Conclusion 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 7 Molecular Biology and the Crucial Role Played by the Davy—Faraday Research Laboratory in its Birth 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Introduction Crystals of the Living Body The Contributions of Astbury and Bernal Two Other Major Contributions to Molecular Biology Made at the DFRL: The First-Ever Structure of an Enzyme and the Study ofViruses 74 75 80 81 82 83 86 89 90 91 91 94 94 94 96
97 97 98 99 102 104 105 105 108 108 111 112 114 117 119 119 120 122 124
xvii Contents 7.5 A Final Word about the Importance of Molecular Biology, its Links with the DFRL, and its Relevance to Modern Medicine Appendix l:The Importance of a Workshop in a Centre of Research Excellence Appendix 2: What is Sir Lawrence Bragg Doing in your Garden? 8 Modern Diagnostic Medicine: Memorable Discourse in 1986 by Raymond Andrew on MRI 8.1 Introduction: How Untrammelled Curiosity Leads to Major Technological Advance—the Arrival of MRI and PET 8.2 The Principles of NMR 8.3 Raymond Andrew and the Magic Angle 8.4 The Discourse at the RI on MRI by Raymond Andrew in 1986 8.5 AWord About Functional MRI 8.6 PET and Transformative Advances in Medicine 8.6.1 Clinical Research and Healthcare Applications Appendix: A Pictorial Analogue of CT 9 Egyptomania at the RI: Howard Carter’s Discourse on the Tomb ofTut-Ank-Amun from Ante-Room to Burial Chamber 9.1 Introduction 9.2 The Colourful Piazzi Smyth 9.3 Howard Carter and his Discourse 9.3.1 The Chalice-Like Cup in Tut-Ankh-Amun’s Tomb 9.4 Zaki Iskander and Cyril Aldred 9.5 Envoi Appendix 1 : Piazzi Smyth and the Pyramid Inch Appendix 2: A Summary of How Ancient Egyptians Used Coloured Minerals 10 Peter Mark Roget: Facilitator of the Writing of Good English and Two of his Distinguished Successors as the Fullerian Professor of Physiology (Thomas Henry Huxley and Sir Peter Medawar) 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Introduction The Unusual Professor Roget Roget’s Thesaurus Roget’s Successors as Fullerian Professors of Physiology at the RI Some Specific Contributions by Huxleyand Medawar 10.5.1 Thomas Henry Huxley 10.5.2 Peter
Medawar 10.5.3 Other Qualities Pertaining toMedawar 124 129 131 134 134 135 138 141 144 146 148 149 151 151 152 154 156 158 159 159 159 163 163 164 165 166 167 167 169 172
xviii Contents 11 The Most Beautiful Experiment in Physics: Candidates from the RI and Elsewhere 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Thomas Young: Phenomenal Young 11.2.1 The Double-Slit Experiment 11.3 Faraday and Davy 11.4 Lawrence Bragg and Max von Laue 11.5 Eratosthenes and his Measurement of the Circumference of the Earth, Third Century вс 12 The Uniqueness of the RI: Some autobiographical reminiscences of my days as Director of the RI 174 174 174 175 179 180 182 186 12.1 Introduction 12.2 George Porter 12.2.1 Important Advice from George Porter 12.3 Kathleen Lonsdale ■ 12.4 Michael Atiyah: Knots at the RI 12.4.1 The Responsibilities of Scientists at the Royal Society 12.5 Margaret Gowing 12.6 Some of my Activities and Duties During the Faraday Bicentenary 12.6.1 An Opportunity to write a Book on Faraday 12.7 Brian Pippard 12.8 My First Discourse Speakers 12.9 The Night of the Monarch Butterfly 12.9.1 A Human Being Weighing Nine Tons! 12.10 Neil MacGregor 12.11 Three Nobel Laureates 12.12 Officers, Professors, Calendars 12.13 Deputy Directors and Professorships of Natural Philosophy: 1986-2007 12.13.1 David Phillips 12.13.2 Richard Catlow 12.14 Discourse Entertainment 12.14.1 Sam Wanamaker, Jonathan Miller, and Oliver Sacks 12.15 Carl Sagan 12.16 Kirill Zamaraev 12.17 Photographs and Portraits of Some Other Notable RI Performers Afterword A. 1 A.2 A.3 A.4 Max Perutz’s Eightieth Birthday Symposium Schools and Christmas Lectures The Enzyme Structure Breakthrough Reflections on the Role as Director of the RI in my career A.4.1 Leaving a Highly Effective Research School in Cambridge
A.4.2 Could I Emulate What George Porter Did at the RI? 186 186 188 188 190 193 195 197 197 199 201 205 207 208 209 210 212 212 213 215 215 218 219 222 229 229 231 232 234 234 236
Contents A.5 Miss Irene James A.6 Spending Time with Bill Coates A.7 Undertaking Original Research at the Daresbury Synchrotron Facility A.7.1 Single-Site Heterogeneous Catalysts (2012) A.8 Other Pleasures and Privileges of Being Director of the RI A.8.1 Inviting Christmas Lecturers A.9 The Royal Family and the RI A.9.1 The Duke of Kent A. 10 My Views on the Present Status of the RI Index: Albemarle Street xix 237 239 239 243 243 244 245 247 249 251
|
| adam_txt |
Contents 1 Setting the Scene 1 1 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Some Eminent Visitors to Number 21 Albemarle Street in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries 1.3 The Unique Qualities of the RI 1.4 RI Christmas Lectures 1.5 RI Christmas Lectures in Japan 1.5.1 More Recent RI Christmas Lectures and their Influence 1.6 Mathematics at the RI 1.7 The Central Role of Mathematics in a Cosmic Context 1.8 The RI as Mecca 2 11 12 18 19 22 23 24 2 Count Rumford and his Remarkable Creation in Albemarle Street 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 30 Introduction Early Life: Soldier, Statesman, and Scientist Bavarian Adventures West Point or Albemarle Street? Madame Lavoisier 30 31 32 37 41 3 Sir Humphry Davy: Natural Philosopher, Discourser, Inventor, Poet, and Man of Action 44 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Introduction How Did Davy’s Life Unfold? Davy’s Years at the RI Davy’s Poetic Interests A Selection of Davy’s Other Achievements 3.5.1 Agricultural Chemistry 3.6 The Miner’s Safety Lamp 3.7 Marriage 44 49 54 57 59 59 61 63 4 Michael Faraday: Paragon 4.1 Introduction 4.2 A Few of Faraday’s Greatest Discoveries 4.2.1 Electromagnetic Induction 4.2.2 The Laws of Electrolysis 4.2.3 Practical and Societal Consequences of Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis 4.2.4 A Dramatic Lecture-Demonstration 66 66 69 69 71 73 73
xvi Contents 4.3 Faraday and Franklin: Parallels intheir Work 4.4 How Did Faraday Get to the RI? 4.4.1 Field Theory 4.5 The Faraday Effect 4.6 Three Women with Whom He Interacted 4.7 Faraday’s Visits to Wales 4.8 Concluding Remarks 4.8.1 An Assessment of Faraday and Davy 4.8.2 What was the Essence of Faraday’s Genius? 4.8.3 Faraday’s Skill in Coining Words Appendix: Excerpts from the Sermon by the Archbishop ofYork, Preached at Westminster Abbey at Faraday’s Bicentenary Celebrations in September 1991 5 The Incredible Lord Rayleigh A Cruise up the Nile Brief Outline of his Career Professor at Cambridge Rayleigh at the RI 5.4.1 Pouring Oil on Troubled Waters with Benjamin Franklin 5.4.2 Franklin’s Monolayer 5.5 The Discovery of Argon 5.6 Conclusion Appendix 1 : A Wager Involving the Age of the Earth Appendix 2: Rayleigh and Ramsay Appendix 3: Message from the Current Lord Rayleigh 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6 The Fuel Cell: William Robert Grove’s Discourse in 1843 and Francis Bacon’s in 1960 Introduction: The Threat of Climate Change William Robert Grove at the London Institution A Brief History of the Status of the Fuel Cell William Robert Grove: The Man and Some of his Other Achievements 6.5 Conclusion 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 7 Molecular Biology and the Crucial Role Played by the Davy—Faraday Research Laboratory in its Birth 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Introduction Crystals of the Living Body The Contributions of Astbury and Bernal Two Other Major Contributions to Molecular Biology Made at the DFRL: The First-Ever Structure of an Enzyme and the Study ofViruses 74 75 80 81 82 83 86 89 90 91 91 94 94 94 96
97 97 98 99 102 104 105 105 108 108 111 112 114 117 119 119 120 122 124
xvii Contents 7.5 A Final Word about the Importance of Molecular Biology, its Links with the DFRL, and its Relevance to Modern Medicine Appendix l:The Importance of a Workshop in a Centre of Research Excellence Appendix 2: What is Sir Lawrence Bragg Doing in your Garden? 8 Modern Diagnostic Medicine: Memorable Discourse in 1986 by Raymond Andrew on MRI 8.1 Introduction: How Untrammelled Curiosity Leads to Major Technological Advance—the Arrival of MRI and PET 8.2 The Principles of NMR 8.3 Raymond Andrew and the Magic Angle 8.4 The Discourse at the RI on MRI by Raymond Andrew in 1986 8.5 AWord About Functional MRI 8.6 PET and Transformative Advances in Medicine 8.6.1 Clinical Research and Healthcare Applications Appendix: A Pictorial Analogue of CT 9 Egyptomania at the RI: Howard Carter’s Discourse on the Tomb ofTut-Ank-Amun from Ante-Room to Burial Chamber 9.1 Introduction 9.2 The Colourful Piazzi Smyth 9.3 Howard Carter and his Discourse 9.3.1 The Chalice-Like Cup in Tut-Ankh-Amun’s Tomb 9.4 Zaki Iskander and Cyril Aldred 9.5 Envoi Appendix 1 : Piazzi Smyth and the Pyramid Inch Appendix 2: A Summary of How Ancient Egyptians Used Coloured Minerals 10 Peter Mark Roget: Facilitator of the Writing of Good English and Two of his Distinguished Successors as the Fullerian Professor of Physiology (Thomas Henry Huxley and Sir Peter Medawar) 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Introduction The Unusual Professor Roget Roget’s Thesaurus Roget’s Successors as Fullerian Professors of Physiology at the RI Some Specific Contributions by Huxleyand Medawar 10.5.1 Thomas Henry Huxley 10.5.2 Peter
Medawar 10.5.3 Other Qualities Pertaining toMedawar 124 129 131 134 134 135 138 141 144 146 148 149 151 151 152 154 156 158 159 159 159 163 163 164 165 166 167 167 169 172
xviii Contents 11 The Most Beautiful Experiment in Physics: Candidates from the RI and Elsewhere 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Thomas Young: Phenomenal Young 11.2.1 The Double-Slit Experiment 11.3 Faraday and Davy 11.4 Lawrence Bragg and Max von Laue 11.5 Eratosthenes and his Measurement of the Circumference of the Earth, Third Century вс 12 The Uniqueness of the RI: Some autobiographical reminiscences of my days as Director of the RI 174 174 174 175 179 180 182 186 12.1 Introduction 12.2 George Porter 12.2.1 Important Advice from George Porter 12.3 Kathleen Lonsdale ■ 12.4 Michael Atiyah: Knots at the RI 12.4.1 The Responsibilities of Scientists at the Royal Society 12.5 Margaret Gowing 12.6 Some of my Activities and Duties During the Faraday Bicentenary 12.6.1 An Opportunity to write a Book on Faraday 12.7 Brian Pippard 12.8 My First Discourse Speakers 12.9 The Night of the Monarch Butterfly 12.9.1 A Human Being Weighing Nine Tons! 12.10 Neil MacGregor 12.11 Three Nobel Laureates 12.12 Officers, Professors, Calendars 12.13 Deputy Directors and Professorships of Natural Philosophy: 1986-2007 12.13.1 David Phillips 12.13.2 Richard Catlow 12.14 Discourse Entertainment 12.14.1 Sam Wanamaker, Jonathan Miller, and Oliver Sacks 12.15 Carl Sagan 12.16 Kirill Zamaraev 12.17 Photographs and Portraits of Some Other Notable RI Performers Afterword A. 1 A.2 A.3 A.4 Max Perutz’s Eightieth Birthday Symposium Schools and Christmas Lectures The Enzyme Structure Breakthrough Reflections on the Role as Director of the RI in my career A.4.1 Leaving a Highly Effective Research School in Cambridge
A.4.2 Could I Emulate What George Porter Did at the RI? 186 186 188 188 190 193 195 197 197 199 201 205 207 208 209 210 212 212 213 215 215 218 219 222 229 229 231 232 234 234 236
Contents A.5 Miss Irene James A.6 Spending Time with Bill Coates A.7 Undertaking Original Research at the Daresbury Synchrotron Facility A.7.1 Single-Site Heterogeneous Catalysts (2012) A.8 Other Pleasures and Privileges of Being Director of the RI A.8.1 Inviting Christmas Lecturers A.9 The Royal Family and the RI A.9.1 The Duke of Kent A. 10 My Views on the Present Status of the RI Index: Albemarle Street xix 237 239 239 243 243 244 245 247 249 251 |
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| id | DE-604.BV047275098 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T17:15:17Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:07:32Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780192898005 0192898000 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032678731 |
| oclc_num | 1286869986 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-210 DE-20 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-210 DE-20 DE-12 |
| physical | xix, 263 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 24 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20221109 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Thomas, John M. 1932-2020 Verfasser (DE-588)134006143 aut Albemarle Street portraits, personalities and presentations at The Royal Institution John Meurig Thomas First edition Oxford Oxford University Press 2021 xix, 263 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Royal Institution of Great Britain is renowned the world over, first, because it is a premier arena for the advancement of new scientific and technological knowledge; and second because it highlights the advance of knowledge of all kinds. It bridges the sciences and the humanities, and as much publicity is given to advances in the arts, archaeology, architecture, drama and literature as to the pure and applied sciences. More famous scientists have lived and worked in the Royal Institution than in any other laboratory in the world. A roll-call includes Rumford, Davy, Faraday, Tyndall, Dewar, Rayleigh, W. H. Bragg, W. L. Bragg and George Porter. Not is it only the home of continuous electricity, it is also the birthplace of many aspects of molecular biology0and viruses and enzymology. Some fifteen scientists who have won the Nobel Prize have, at one time or another, worked or lectured at the RI. And eminent individuals, like Howard Carter and Coleridge, have lectured there.0Albemarle Street - Portraits, Personalities and Presentations at The Royal institution is a lively and compelling personal selection of the remarkable personalities and achievements of some of the extraordinary scientists and individuals who, during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, worked or lectured at 21 Albemarle Street in Mayfair, central London. John Meurig Thomas offers a unique and valuable insight into the history of this prestigious address, having himself lived and worked at the Royal Institution for some twenty years Royal Institution of Great Britain (DE-588)1017707-3 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Royal Institution of Great Britain / History Science / Great Britain / Societies, etc / History Royal Institution of Great Britain Science / Societies, etc Great Britain History Royal Institution of Great Britain (DE-588)1017707-3 b Geschichte z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032678731&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Thomas, John M. 1932-2020 Albemarle Street portraits, personalities and presentations at The Royal Institution Royal Institution of Great Britain (DE-588)1017707-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1017707-3 |
| title | Albemarle Street portraits, personalities and presentations at The Royal Institution |
| title_auth | Albemarle Street portraits, personalities and presentations at The Royal Institution |
| title_exact_search | Albemarle Street portraits, personalities and presentations at The Royal Institution |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Albemarle Street portraits, personalities and presentations at The Royal Institution |
| title_full | Albemarle Street portraits, personalities and presentations at The Royal Institution John Meurig Thomas |
| title_fullStr | Albemarle Street portraits, personalities and presentations at The Royal Institution John Meurig Thomas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Albemarle Street portraits, personalities and presentations at The Royal Institution John Meurig Thomas |
| title_short | Albemarle Street |
| title_sort | albemarle street portraits personalities and presentations at the royal institution |
| title_sub | portraits, personalities and presentations at The Royal Institution |
| topic | Royal Institution of Great Britain (DE-588)1017707-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Royal Institution of Great Britain |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032678731&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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