The making of the modern Greeks: 1400-1820
How is a society historically formed? How are its historical references, its economy, its social structures, and its language shaped? This book explores these general questions with reference to the case of the Modern Greeks. Who were they? How did they re-emerge on the historical stage after centur...
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Cambridge Scholars Publishing
2020
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| Zusammenfassung: | How is a society historically formed? How are its historical references, its economy, its social structures, and its language shaped? This book explores these general questions with reference to the case of the Modern Greeks. Who were they? How did they re-emerge on the historical stage after centuries of obscurity since the decline of Antiquity? How was the phenomenon described as New Hellenism historically shaped? What were the historical processes that enabled the New Hellenes to differentiate themselves from the Ottoman system of rule and become distinct from the other Balkan national and |
| Beschreibung: | xiii, 544 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781527559844 |
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Contents PROLOGUE. xi CHAPTER 1. 1 FROM THE CRISIS OF BYZANTIUM TO OTTOMAN HEGEMONY - End of the 13 th to the end of the 15 th century - Introduction - The Expansion of Islam - Defeat and incorporation of the Byzantine leadership groups - In the name of the Most Holy Consubstanţial and Undivided Trinity - The Ottoman political contract and the consent of the occupied populations - The isolation of the Balkan populations from Europe - Summary and general conclusions of the first part CHAPTER 2. 42 THE EMERGENCE AND THE DEFEAT OF THE FIRST MODERN HELLENISM - From the 14th to the early 17th century - Prerequisites for interpretation - “We are Hellenes”. Devising a radically secular identity. - The local character of the Hellenic Renaissance - The sole attempt at reform of the Orthodox ecclesiastical aristocracy - The spiritual condition of the rayah - Summary and general conclusions of Part Two CHAPTER 3. 83 THE REPRODUCTION OF THE OTTOMAN DOMINATION Stable structures - Methodological clarification - The mass abduction of children - The orthodox clerical aristocracy - Phanariots and Boyars', vassal aristocrats in the Ottoman court - Heads of minor provinces or local dignitaries - The social significance of sub-
contracting tax collection
Contents - The conquered, sources of Ottoman power and the terrain of its reproduction CHAPTER 4.124 THE EMERGENCE OF THE NEW HELLENISM OF COMMERCE - From the 17th to the early 18th century - Why commerce? The organization of Ottoman markets: a typology The organizers of concentration of surplus in small locations The merchant organizers of inter-territorial markets and small-scale foreign trade The reproduction of upwardly mobile merchants: the family The social reproduction of up-and-coming merchants Comparing emergent commercial élites with traditional local ones The emergence of Homo Economicus in the Balkans CHAPTER 5.174 THE BEGINNINGS OF EMANCIPATION - From the mid-17th century to 1780 - False traces of neoteric thought in the Balkans - Salvationist popular ideologies and individuals in transition to modernity - The first glimmerings of secular self-determination: archaeolatreia - Education as the new quest - Education as a value per se - The origins of Hellenic Enlightenment: the first period - Elements on the social influence of neoteric thought - The Orthodox ecclesiastical aristocracy, standard-bearer of anti enlightenment CHAPTER 6. 226 BALKAN TRADE: THE TAKE-OFF - 17th and 18th centuries - Theocracy and trade: spirit and matter? The geo-economic redeployment among Mediterranean
Ottoman regions
The Making of the Modern Greeks: 1400-1820 їх CHAPTER 7.239 THE EMERGENCE OF AXES OF POWER IN THE NEW HELLENISM - Trade and its initial limits A. THE COMMERCIAL POLE OF EPIRUS AND ITS EXPANSION - From the 17th to the beginning of the 19th century - Foreign commercial powers and the local Greek commercial élites - The marine trade centre of western Continental Greece - The European networks of Epirus' commercial élites - Ottoman rule as a threat to the commercial capital B. THE WORLDS OF CENTRAL GREECE - From the 16th century to the beginning of the 19th century - The space and the populations’ activities - The cultivators’ turn towards producing goods for the market - The "sea of mountains" and its world - The institution of the Armatoliki - The making of the highlander armed leadership groups - The captains-in-chief: a hereditary aristocracy - The Armatoloi, a reconsideration C. THE POLE OF THE PELOPONNESE. FROM PRIMORDIAL SOCIAL STRUCTURES TO INTERNATIONAL MARKETS From the 17th to the early 19th century - The Peninsula and its population - The mechanism of production control by the local gentry - Production and trade in the Peloponnese - A well-established regional nobility D. THE GREEK MARITIME COMMUNITIES - From the 17th to the beginning of the 19th century - Floating and coastal cities - The genealogies of the Greek maritime societies - The development of Greek maritime societies - From the Aegean to the seas of the world - Conclusions: The Modem Greek social and economic space
CHAPTER 8. 391 ON THE GREEK URBAN SOCIETIES - From 1780 to 1820 - Introduction - The artisans and small shopkeepers - The new social élite of the literate - On the concentration of merchant capital and monetary wealth
Contents x - Conclusions: Differentiation of the Modem Greeks from the Ottoman system and the sources of their power CHAPTER 9. 422 THF, REVOLUTIONARY TURN - From 1780 to 1820 - Preamble: The archaeology of collective consciousness - Defining a Greek revolutionary intellectual of the Enlightenment - The social influence of the Greek Enlightenment from 1780 onwards - The shaping of the revolutionary spirit - For the liberation of the Hellenes - The organization of revolutionary action EPILOGUE. 468 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 478 GENERALINDEX. 534 CATALOGUE OF TABLES, MAPS AND DIAGRAMS 543
Bibliography Archive of the Hellenic Institute of Venice, I. Organization-Operation, 3. Minutes of Meetings, ledger 3, files 71v-73r, (digitized). -, V. Financial Management, 1. Wills, bequests, management, donations, no. 118, Box5, "Report on Revenue and Expenditures from the Shipment of Goods Arriving in Nafplio from Venice. June 22, 1714, Nafplio", doc. 42, (digitized). -, September 24, 1574, Heraklion, V. Financial Management, 1. Wills, bequests, management, donations, no. 172b, Box 1, file. 3, "Revenue List of the Comer Feudal House", doc. 164, files .101r-105r, (digitized). -, 10 October 1651, II, Church, 3. Philadelphia Cathedral, Box 2a', file. 3,"Catalog of the Real Estate of Athanasios Valerianos in Kythera", doc. 71, (digitized). -, V. Financial Management, 1. Wills, bequests, management, donations, no. 170, ledger 14, "Consignment Ledger of the Selekis and Saros Trading House, June 28, 1723-March 12,1728", files lr-151v, (digitized). -, V. Financial Management, 1. Wills, bequests, management, donations, no. 170, Box 34, "Payment Book of Selekis and Saros Trading House", 28 June 1723 -, June 22, 1734, files lr-99v, (digitized). -, V. Financial Management, 1. Wills, bequests, management, donations,no. 170, Box 1, "Bill of lading from Mani to Venice. October 1,1724. Vathi Manis", doc. 85 (digitized). -, A. S. V., Archivio Privato Perouli, В15, CIMP, no. 1, 3, 4, 9, 14, 18, 29, 31 and B19, no. 4. -, A. S. V., Archivio Privato Perouli, ССР, BIO, Fase. 13, doc. 1-3. -, A. S. V., Archivio Privato Perouli, В. 24/5'. -, CGMP, Bl 5, no. 21 and В18, Fase. 5, without
numbering. General Archives of the State - Archives of Corfu Prefecture, I.A Kapodistrias, Statistiques de Péloponnèse (Peloponnese Statistics), file 477, "Stato delle Principali Produzione e Commercio di un anno della Morea e contiquo Golfo di Lepanto", doc. 10. -, Archives of the Prefecture of Corfu, I.A. Kapodistrias Archive, file. 474, "List of wealthy people and Merchants on Greek Territory", doc. 18, (with two inserts, two pages each, without numbering).
The Making of the Modem Greeks: 1400-1820 479 -, CoriU County Archives, Outgoing, section II: (Agoustinos). A. Kapodistrias, file 578, Statistiques de la Grèce, "Tableau des habitants, des Propriétés, et des impôts levés sur les provinces de la Grèce Orientale par le Sultan" doc. No. 11. -, Struggle Archive. Ministry - Secretariat - Ministry of Police, Doc. 33, entries from 149 to 212. Archeiomnimon. -, Archives of the period I. Kapodistrias. General Secretariat (1819-1838), File 35, "List of wealthy people of the island of Andros", entries 032, 035. Archeiomnimon. -, Archives of the period I. Kapodistrias. General Secretariat (1819-1838), File 35, "List of wealthy people of the island of Naxos", entries 026-028, 032-033. Archeiomnimon. -, Archives of the period of the governor I. Kapodistrias. General Secretariat (1819-1838). File 191. "List of names, numbers and professions of all the inhabitants of the town of Ermioni on 15th March 1829", entries 305-310. Archeiomnimon. -, Archives of the period I. Kapodistrias. General Secretariat (1819-1838), File 35, "List of wealthy people of the island of Paros", entries 029-031, 036-037. Archeiomnimon. -, Archives of the period I. Kapodistrias. General Secretariat (1819-1838), File 35, "List of wealthy people of the island of Mykonos", entries 024025. Archeiomnimon. -, Archives of the period of the governor I. Kapodistrias. Extraordinary Commissioners and Temporary Administrators, File 016, “Psychometry of Heli", entry 072-076. Archeiomnimon. -, Archives of the period of the governor I. Kapodistrias, General Secretariat
[1819-1838], File. 180, Entries 315-317 / file 186, Entry 220-221 / File 197, Entry 910-911 / File 204, Entry 111-116/File 206, Entry 621-623 / File 207, Entry 825-829 / File 208, Entry 019 / File 217, Entry 817-818 / File 218, Entry 344-346. Archeiomnimon. -, Archives of the period of the governor Ioannis Kapodistrias, General Secretariat (1819-1838), file 162, "Écoles d'enseignement mutuel . ", Entry 015. Archeiomnimon. -, Archives of the period of the governor Ioannis Kapodistrias, - Temporary Commissioners and Temporary Commanders. Letters and Office Documents, File 025, "Brief Recount of the inhabitants of Poros Island, 25th June 1828", Entries 100-131. Archeiomnimon. -, Small Collections, K. 18 a, b, Private, File. 2, doc. 000.181 and 000.068. -, Small Collections, File K, 49 c. -, The Giannis Vlachogiannis Collection, File 11, 12, 15.
480 Bibliography Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece, Historical Documents Archive, Trakas Family Records, doc. no. 16811. 2. Published archives and documents Archives of the Greek Renaissance, Voi. 4, Library of the Hellenic Parliament, Athens 1973. Andreou Chatzi-Anargyrou, Anargyros, The Spetsiotika. Collection of historical documents relating to the Greek Revolution of 1821. From the archives ofSpetses island and the State, vols I-II, Sfaira newspaper, Piraeus, 1925. Dimitropoulos, Dimitris, Testimonies on the population of the Aegean islands, 15th - early 19th century, Tetradia Ergasias 27, Centre of Modem Greek Research/National Research Institute, Athens 2004. Drakakis, A. T., "A Thira will of the 17th Century", in Michael A. Danezis (ed.), Santorini, Athens 1971. Efimeris, Vienna 1791-1797, editors: Markides Pouhou. Leandros Vranoussis (Reconstruction of the series, editing, introduction and notes), Research Centre for Medieval and New Hellenism, Academy of Athens, Athens 1995. Zerlentis, Pericles G., "Patriarchal letters with orders to islanders on slavish subordination to miers", Bulletin of the Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece, 9/1926. Zois, L.H, "Will of Archbishop of Karpathos Ioassaf Avouris", Dodecanese Review 1/1947. Kambouridis, Constantine E., Modern Greece through Ottoman Archival Sources. Economy, Institutions and Society in 17th Century Thessaly, A. Stamoulis, Thessaloniki 2009. Kandiloros, Takis CH., "Report on Gortynia's Revenue and Expenditure during the Turkish Occupation. From October 1819 to September 1820", Arcadian
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The Making of the Modem Greeks: 1400-1820 481 Mertzios, Constantinos D., "Methodios Moronis", The Little Elinomnimon Voi. 2. Reprinted from Ipirotiki Estia, Ioannina 1960. -, "A will from the Sifhos of 1662", Yearbook of the Legal History Archive, Voi. 8/1958. -, "The Epirot Archives of Venice. Chapter I'. The will of Lanthos Mondhanos", Chronicles ofEpirus, 11/1936. -, "The Epirot Archives of Venice. Chapter I'. Apostólos Tsigaras", Chronicles ofEpirus, 11/1936. -, "The Epirot Archives of Venice. Chapter II'. Epifanios Igoumenos", Chronicles ofEpirus, 11/1936. -, "The Epirot Archives of Venice, Chapter V'. Emmanuel Manos Ghionmas", Chronicles ofEpirus, 11/1936. - Of the Patriarchate, i.e. unpublished information on the Patriarchs of Constantinople from 1556-1702, Treatises of the Academy of Athens, no. 15, Athens 1951. -, "A variety of documents from the years of Turkish occupation", Makedonika, 2 /1941-1952, Thessaloniki 1953. -, "The Epirot Archives of Venice. Chapter IX. The Maroutzis family", Epirus Chronicles, 11/1936. -, "The Epirot Archives of Venice. Chapter. XIX. Ioannina-Venice. Commercial correspondence of the years 1723-1730", Epirus Chronicles, 11/1936. Papageorgiou, Stefanos (ed.), The Giannakis Ragos Archive, Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece, Athens 1982. Paparriga-Artemiadi, Lydia (introduction and editing), Outline of the History of Post-Byzantine Law. The Greek texts, Academy of Athens, Athens 2011. Petropoulos, George A., "Sifnos Legal Documents of the G. Maridakis Collection", Monuments of Greek History, Volume III, Athens 1956. Ploumidis,
Georgios, "The Acts of Registration Actions of the Greek Students of Padua (Part I. Artisti) Supplement (years 1674-1701)", Thisavrismata, 8/1971. -, "The Acts of Registration of Greek Students at the University of Padua, Supplement (years 1674-1701)", Yearbook of the Society of Byzantine Studies, voi. XXXVI1/1969-70, and vol. XXXVIII/1971. -, "The Greek Students at the University of Padua", Dodoni, vol.XII (reprint), Ioannina 1983. Põlemis, Dimitrios L, "Twenty Andros wills (1678-1831)", Petalon, No.l, Andros 1977. Reppas, Christos K., "General Census of the Population ofNafplio in 1825", Mnimosini, Voi. VIII, 1982-1984.
482 Bibliography Sathas, Constantine N., Unpublished chronicle of Galaxidi or History of Amfissa, Nafpaktos, Galaxidi, Lidoriki and environs, I. Kassandreos and Co., Athens 1865. Stamatiadis, Nikolaos I., Sarniaka, or Development ofthe modem history of Samos through official documents promoting the biographies of Logothetis Lykourgos and Konstantinos Lachanas. From the Hegemonic Printing House, Samos 1899. Sideri, Aloe, Greek students at the University ofPisa, Volume II, Historical Archive of Greek Youth, Athens 1989. Skopeteas, Stavros Ch., "Wills of Western Mani", Yearbook ofthe Archives of the History of Greek Law, 6/1955. -, "Private documents from western Mani from the years 1547-1830", Yearbook of the Archives of the History of Greek Law, 3/1950. Stefanidou, Alexandra, "The Syrigos-Vassalos Family of Santorini in the 16th and 17th Centuries", Bulletin of the Heraldry and Genealogical Society of Greece, 11/2001, pp. 238-251. Sfyroeras, Vassilis, Archive of Psara (1821-1827), voi. I, Academy of Athens, Athens 1974. Slot, B.J., "Mani Olive Oil Sales Agreement", Laconian Studies, 8/1986. Triantafyllou, Costas N., "From the will of Germanos of Patras, in the Oblou Monastery", Athens, Periodical text of the Athens Scientific Society, 71 / 1969-1970. Tsakopoulos, Emilianos, Bishop of Miletus, "Diocesan Registers under the Code of Memoranda of the Ecumenical Patriarchate archives", Orthodoxia, 31/1956. Todorov, Nikolaj - Velkov, Asparuh, Situation démographique de la Péninsule balkanique (fin du XVe s. début du XVIe s.), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1988. Plumidis,
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General Index (The titles of books and manuscripts mentioned in the text are not included in this index) Abbot Epifaneios, 159 Abel, Wilhelm, 232 Admiral of the Fleet or Kapetan Pasha, 332, 370 Adriatic, 148, 158, 244-264, 359, 369, 384, 385 Aegean, 23, 28, 49, 59, 61-75, 9199, 121, 130-140, 149-162, 183201,212-218,230-268,298, 322, 328, 350-370, 373-379, 383-386,390-393,406,419, 421,436, Aegina, 367, 378, 384 Africa, 28, 35, 121, 130, 143, 233, 238-244,389, 420 Agia Sophia, 23 Agios Petros (the kaza), 337 Agoriani, 311 Agrafa, Agrafiotes, 268-425 Aidipsos, 283 Aitoliko, 250, 253, 256,264, 277, 384 Aitolos, Kosmas, 450 Aitoloakamania, 267, 286 Akova, 98 Albanians, 16, 241, 296, 304-307, 327, 226 Aleppo, 130, 232, 233, 242, Alexandria, 66, 67, 96, 130, 232, 242, 283, 286 Algeria, 35 Ali Pasha, 243, 295, 312, 323, 325, 326, 247, 382, 425, 426, 461, Almyros (the kaza), 274, 280 Alonan (the village), 284 Ambelakia, 128, 289, 395-399 America, 238, 329, 369, 379, 387, 391 Anabaptists, 64 Anagnostaras (Anagnostis Papageorgiou), 464 Anatolia, 34, 232, 300, 412 Ancona, 244, 259, 261 Anderson, Perry, 37, 81 Angelou, Alkis, 198 Ankara, 5 Anonymous Greek, the, 457, 484 Anthrakitis, Methodios, 208-223, 430-350, Anti-Enlightenment, 44, 220-225 Argolida, 140, 374, 385 Aristotle, 59, 208, 210 Armathia, islet of Kassos, 361 Amatóles, 310, 314, 321-365,400476 (see also Armatolo։) Armenians, 27, 28, 87, 115, 136, 258 Arta, 16, 131, 159, 245-266, 294327, 382, 452 Artefacts, 150, 249, 397 Asdrahas, Spyros I., 476 Asia, 2, 3 Asia Minor, 1-137, 199, 201, 361, 406 Aspropotamos, 314-321 Astakos,
384, 412 Astrapogiannos (protokapetanios), 309 Athens, Athenians, 43, 77, 95, 121, 131-135, 142-157, 184-203, 218, 241,272-306, 350, 359,
The Making of the Modem Greeks: 1400-1820 363,376, 386-419,428,430435,443 Athens basin, 241, 283, 359 Austro-Hungary, 245 Aviona, 246,267, 252 Ayathymia (the village) Ayanides or agianides(ayân), 143, 322, 328, 331,412 Balanos, Vasilopoulos, 211, 284 Balkans, passim, 5-477 Baronies, Latin, 4 Bayezid I, 5, 54, 273 Bedreddin, Mahmud, 54-57 Benakis, Panagiotis, 350 Benizelos, Ioannis, 400,414,486 Bessarion (Vissarionas), 55 Beylik, 4, 7,9, 11, 12, 34 Bible, 23, 31, 71, 214 Black Sea, 34, 133, 258, 335, 377, 386-391,419 Bloch, Marc, 110, 188 Boeotia, 270-280, 395 Bouas, Theodores Grivas, 16, 294, 300 Boukouvalas, Armatole family, 309, 318 Bourdieu, Pierre, 170 Bourgeois, Balkan, Greek, European, passim Boyars, 37, 100-118, 176-180, 364 Braudel, Fernand, 36, 389,420 Bucharest, 180, 218, 400 Bulgarians, 137, 305 Byzantium or the Eastern Roman Empire, 1-57, 108,172,190, 461, 470 Cairo, 130, 169, 231,242 Caniklizade (agianis), 346, 529 (see also Ayanides) Cantacuzene, John, 21 Capitulations, 229, 267 Capital, merchant, animal, of Greek merchants, a capitalist centre, 535 129, 134,135, 149, 281-321, 358,102-460 Capitalism, merchant, 124-127, 237, 329, 389, 472 Capitalist centre / underdeveloped periphery (theory), 129 Caravans, 130-135, 233, 389, 418 Carbonari, Decembrists, Jacobins, Babeufists, Saint Simonians, Freemasons, 462 Çelebi, Evliya, 75 Central Greece, (the "sea of mountains"), 286, 287,322 Chief Rabbi, 24 Chiflik, 121, 238, 170, 285, 303, 331-349,408, 475 Chios, 97-105, 132, 149, 150, 151, 167, 198, 341, 342, 360-376, 402 Christophoros, Angelos, 189 Chroussovo
(Chryssovo), 276 Chrysoloras, Manuel, 55, 56 Church, 17-29, 40-124, 154-200, 207-226, 309,319, 338, 371, 403-418, 431-477 Çift-Hane, 32, 39, 118, 120,138, 231,288, 339, Çizakça Murat, 116, 117 Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 131, 233, 285 College of Rome, 62, 63 Committee of Public Safety, 453 Compagnia Almugavares, 294 Constantinople, passim Corfu, Corfiots, 60-63, 148, 188, 210,211,245,248, Crusaders, 21, 49, 79 Cyclades, Archipelago of the, 98, 99,140-162, 234, 401, 402, 414, 415 Cyprus, 27, 360 Damascus, 130, 232, 233, 242 Damodos, Vikentios, 185, 186 Darzenda family, 99 Defoe, Daniel, 79
536 Derebeys, 322 Descartes, 79, 209, 458, 460 Despoiate of the Morea, of Epirus, 28, 49, 53, 249 Despotism of the Eastern type, 12, 13 Dhimmi, 26, 36, 38 Diakos Grammatikos, 311 Dikaios, Grigorios, 465 Dimaras, Konstantinos T., 47 Dionysios the Philosopher, 301 Divine Providence, 43 Division of labour and of tasks, 126, 292, 293, 359, 373, 374,418, 429 Theotokópoulos, Doménikos, 61 Douroutis, Ioannis, 261 Dragamestos (Astakos), 412 Dragouman of the Fleet, Dragouman of the Porte, 102, 103 Durazbey (corsair), 358 Dušan, Stephan, 3, 20, 50 Earthly Jerusalem, the, 55 Ecclesiastical exarchs, 93, 317 Egripos (Euboea, and the town of Chalkis), 270,272 Egypt, 130, 233, 235, 238, 383,454 Elias, Norbert, 227 Empire of Nicaea, 3 Empire-world (Ottoman), 420, 421 Epirus, Epirots, 46, 49, 133-148, 155, 208-290, 325,328, 346425 Ermioni, 374 Ermoupoli, 168, 411,412 Europe, passim Evros, the battle on the, 5 Excommunication, 25, 26, 210, 451, Fallmerayer, Jakob P., 43 Fanari, Epirus, 249 Farmakis, Ioannis, 464 Faroqui, Suraiya, 33, 225, 420 Filiki Etaireia, the, 426-474 General Index Finlay, George, 46 Fishing, 253, 359, 361, 362, 366, 382 Fiume, 245 Florence, 55, 58, 124 Foucault, Michel, 206 Francia, Franks, 21, 329 Frangos, Georgios, 463,464 French commercial code, 442 Futuva (fraternities and values), 9 Gaiatas, 464 Galatis, Nikolas, 464 Galaxidi, Galaxidiots, 134, 241, 250, 276, 278, 308, 357-384 Garantsa (the village), 365 Gamier, Benoit, 246 Gazis, Anthimos, 436 Gene, Mehmet, 116 Genoa, Genoans, 48, 124, 130, 388 Gerakaris, Lymperakis, 305 German Peasants' war, 64 Germanos III of
Old Patras, 71,404, 465, Gerondas, Antonakis, 366 Ghazis, 1,5, 9, 11,31 Giddens, Anthony, 170 Goulas (zorbas), 311 Gramsci, Antonio, 170, 432 Greco-Ottoman flag, 254 Gregory V (Patriarch), 460, 463 Gutenberg, 71 Gytheio, 142, 143, 147, 161, 164, 329, 349, 395, 419 Hamodrakas, D., 142, 143, 161, 164, 329 Handakas (Heraklion), 62, 67, 366 Haritopoulos, Dimitrios, 306, 307 Hatzis, Dimitrios, 47, 48, 78, Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, Hegelianism, 227, 423 Heli (Porto Heli), 384, 413 Hellenic Institute of Venice, 132, 144, 153, 154, 162, 168, 248, Hellenism, New, passim Herder, Johann Gottfried von, 43
The Making of the Modem Greeks: 1400-1820 Hexabiblos of Constantine Armenopoulos, 16,26 Himara, 16, 297 Holland, Henry, 68, 219, 261, 394, 405, 409 Holy Alliance, 462 Holy Inquisition, 197, 221 Holy Scripture, 69, 355 Holy Synod (of the Orthodox Patriarchate), 69, 70, 75, 91, 96, 193, 539 Holy War, 1,37,516, 539 Home tutors, 217, 404,405 Hormopoulos, Mikros (protkapetanios), 309 Houssos, Metso (robber), 309 Hungary, 47, 177, 245, 259, 466, 449 Hydra, Hydriots, 134, 217, 359-387, 411 Ibrahim Pasha, 297 Ignatius of Hungaro-Wallachia, 435, 436 Iliou, Philippos, 26, 74, 174, 210, 218,436 Inalcik, Halil, 232 India, 86,130, 379 Ioannina, Ioannites, 121,131-148, 184, 186, 198-211,241-266, 313-409 Ionian Islands, 59-80, 141, 194-217, 244-265, 305-317, 406,419, 435-461 Ionian Sea, 244, 264, 268, 286 Iorga, Nicolae, 14, 17, 20, 92, 101, 108, 120 Ipatros, Dimitrios, 464 Islam, 1-38, 54-64, 86-89-106-130, 152, 296, 304, 336, 347, 368 Istiaia (the kaza), 283 istimalet, 30 Izmir (see also Smyrna), 136 Janissaries, 10, 11, 68, 89, 121,171, 296, 398, 426 Jasseau, Auguste de, 462 Jerusalem, 24, 54, 55, 65, 93, 96 537 Jews, 17, 24, 27, 28, 87, 115, 120, 137, 386 John V Palaiologos, 21 Kadis ֊ Qadi, 33 Kaimakamides, 104 Kakridis, Ioannis T., 182, 183, 427 Kalamata, 48, 131, 143, 350, 419 Kallipolitis, Maximos, 68 Kallistos (Patriarch), 21 Kalymnos, 360-365 Kamarinos, Kyriakos, 464 Kant, Immanuel, 206, 227, Kapakia, 325 Kapodistrias, Ioannis, 374, 376, 394-414, 464, 476 Kapói, 295, 333 Kapouma (village), 282 Kapraina (village), 282, 284 Karadimas Andritsos or Safakas (protokapetanios), 312
Karatzas, Dimitrios, 104-106 Karpenisi, 276, 278, 317 Kasaba Resat, 420 Kassos, 360-382, 444 Kastania (village of Agrafa), 276 Katsonis, Giannis or Vrikolakas (protokapetanios), 308-313 Katsonis, Lampros, 355, 461 Katartzis, Dimitrios, 221, 447 Katzikogianaioi (family of armatoles), 311 Kavala, 131 Kaimakam, 104 Kefalonia, 185 Kerameas, Nicolaos, 186 Kamolos, 150, 366, 373, 378 Kioussopoulou, Antonia, 493, 507 Kithira, 98, 399 Kladas, Krokodeilos, 294 Kodjabashis - Kocabasi, 112-119, 163, 196, 297-299, 324-354, 371, 426, 456-476 Kogălniceanu Mihail, 178, 179, 523 Kokkinis, Michael, 365, 400 Kolettis, Ioannis, 465
538 Kontaris, Georgiers, 189, 485 Korais, Adamantios, 402, 426, 435, 436, 447-465 Koran, the, 9, 31, 75, 541 Kordatos, Giannis, 44-46,181, 310 Korydaleas, Theophilos, 68, 77 Kosovo, 17 Koumas, Konstantinos, 220, 435, 465 Korimas (protokapetanios), 304308 Koursoulas, Nicolaos, 186 Kozani, 131, 189,441 Rritopoulos, Metrophanes (Patriarch of Alexandria), 68 Kynouria, 357 Kythera - Kythira - Kithira, 98, 168, 399, 479 La Bretonne, Nicolas Edme Restif de, 448 Labrousse, Emest, 181, 232, 523 Lampardopoulos (family), 98,100 Laskaris, Konstantinos, 72 Laskaris, lanos, 58, 189 Latins, knights, Catholics, 12, 17, 49, 50 Latris, Ikesios, 441 Lazaioi (amatole family), 318 Leake, W.M., 266, 289, 399, 412, 488,514 Lemnos, 377 Leonidio, 357, 380, 384, 541 Lesvos, Mytilene, 360-363,494 Lesvios, Veniamin, 435, 490, 508, 541 Liakatas, Gregory (protokapetanios), 321 Lidoriki, 273, 276, 278, 306, 358, 394 Livadeia, 98, 218, 272-286, 314, 349, 407,419 Livorno, 59, 254-266, 349, 355, 388 Locke, John, 212, 460 Logothetis, Vasileios, 149, 150, 169, 314 General Index Londos, Andreas, 464 Louis XIV, 233, 267 Louriotis Andreas, 464 Lucans, Cyril ("the son of darkness"), 66-73, 186,214, 224, Lukacs, Georg, 192,428 Luther, Martin, 64, 69, 81, 189 Macedonians, 127,469 Makolas, Ioannis, 189-191, 409, 485 Madrasah, 75 Malebranche, Nicolas, 209 Maliac Gulf, 273 Malta, 250-257, 384, 388, 527 Mani, passim Manzikert, 2 Marine centres, 377, 384, 394 Markides Pouhou (brothers), 436, 481 Maroutzis, Lampros Simonas, 155, 156, 482 Marseille, 131, 132,233-236, 247, 263, 265, 354, 355, 385-388 Marx, Karl, 44, 45,
120, 170, 228 Mavrokordatos, Alexandras, 106, 107, 463-466 Mavrokordatos, Konstantinos, 179 Mavrokordatos, Nikolaos, 79 Mavromichalis, Petros, 335, 465 Maximos, Seraphim, 45, 181, 237, 257, 352, 500 McGowan, Bruce, 525 Mediterranean, passim Mehmed or Mohammed or Muhammad II the conqueror, 11, 18, 23-29, 87, 101,470, 521 Mei'ntanis, Panos (protokapetanios), 302, 305 Mekteb, 75 Meletius I Pegas, 66, 67, 499 Messolonghi, 134, 241-278, 335, 357-384, 400, 444 Metaxas, Nikodimos, 67-73
The Making of the Modem Greeks: 1400-1820 Methodius III of Constantinople (Moronis), 96, 97,108,482 Metochites, Theodoras, 55 Metsovo, 131, 211, 247, 264, 266, 297 Mills, Wright C., 170 Miniatis, Ilias, 186 Mitros, Meletios, 184-186 Moisiodax, Iossipos or Missiodakas, Iossipos, 195,212,219-222, 434, 448, 450, 488, 496 Moldavia, Moldavians, 34, 37, 102107, 176-178, 199,216, 221, 322 Moldova, 103-109, 177, 507 Molière, 188 Molin, Alvise, 96, 97 Móndanos, Lanthos, 148, 149,156, 164, 198, 245 Mongolians of the Golden Horde, 4 Montagne, Robert, 328, 329 Montpellier, 448 Mosca, Gaetano, 170 Moscholouri (trade market), 285 Most Serene Republic (Serenissima Respublica), 304 Mouzaraki (village), 282, 284 Mohammed I, 54 Mohammed Çelebi, 11, 54 Mousouros, Markos Muentzer, Thomas, 64 Murad I sultan, 89 Murad IV sultan, 70 Mykonos, 151, 164-168, 360, 415, 480, 491,510 Mystras, 18, 52, 53, 55, 331, 531 Nafpaktos, (the naval battle), 65, 270-284, 306, 331,483 Nafplion, 365, 396, 397, 417, 486, 491 Nahiye ֊Nahiyeh, 111, 275, 290, 337, 392 Naples, 198, 259,261,355 539 Napoleon, Bonaparte (Napoleonic Wars),256, 317, 382-386, 424, 451-462,485,494,519 Nation, passim Naxos, 98, 415, 150-152, 360-363, 415,480 Negris, Theodoras, 465 Neroulos, Jakovos Rizos, 44, 175, 297, 317, 505 Netherlands, 267 Newton, 211,460 Nikousios, Panagiotakis, 106, 107, 522 Notaras (family), 335, 336 Notaras Chrysanthos, 210, 222, 225 Olympios, Georgakis, 461, 464 Olympus (Mount), 113, 316-318, 496 Orlof brothers (or else Orlov), 334, 335, 423, 505 Osman I Ghazi, 4, 10, 521 Ottoman Empire, passim Ottomans, passim
Pamblekis, Christodoulos, 219, 447, 451, 494 Pachomios, 210 Paidomàzoma, 88, 89 Palaiologoi, 49-52, 101, 409 Palaiologos, Manuel II, 51, 54 Palaiologos, Michael VIII, 21 Palaiopanagia (village), 280 Panagiotopoulos, Vassilis, 38, 85, 90, 93, 116, 136, 277,317, 327, 348, 489-527 Panourgias (protokapetanios), 318, 502 Papadopoulos, Nikolaos, 442, 507 Paparrigopoulos, Konstantinos, 43, 44, 503 Parga, 246 Paris, passim Paris, Robert, 230-237, 249, 252, 253
540 Paros, 98, 134, 150, 360-366, 414, 415,480, 534 Parthenios IV of Constantinople, 97 Pashalik of Epirus, passim Passarowitz, Treaty of., 245 Patras (Old Patras), 71, 98, 131, 135, 163,256, 262, 333, 350, 362, 384,419 Patriarch, Orthodox, of the Gregorians, 24 Patriarchate, 25-29, 66-78, 90-108, 167, 184, 193,208-211,220, 221,450, 451,460, 482, 482, 487 Patrinos, Alexandras, 260, 500 Paul, the Apostle, 469 Paun, Radu G., 103, 106, 177, 527 Pax Ottomanica, 13, 14, 54 Peloponnese, Peloponnesians, passim Penach Suleiman Efendi, 353 Pentedekas, Antonios or Konstantinos, 463, 464 Peroulis, Dimitidos, 153-156, 169, 190, 409 Persia, 12, 130, 233, 237 Phanariots, 66, 100-118, 171-181, 216,418, 457, 458, 471 Philiki Etaireia or Filiki Etaireia, 216, 356,426, 436,441,458474, 484-503 Philippidis, Daniel, 275, 435 Philomuse Society of Athens, 443 Philotheos, bishop of Salona, 491 Pieria, 113 Pigas, Meletios, 66, 67 Pindus, 249, 270, 288, 289, 297 Piraeus, 359, 378, 384, 385 Pisa, 59, 201, 435, 466, 483, 502, 454 Plethon, Georgios Gemistos, 51-58, 71,72, 172, 190, 192, 226, 423, 427, 270, 493 Podskalsky, Gerhard, 66, 69, 96 Pontus, 63 Pope, 21, 65, 96, General Index Pope Pius V, 65 Poros, 359, 360-376, 395, 396, 480, 499 Porte, passim Porto Heli, 384,413 Portugal, 242 Pothia of Kalymnos, 361 Pouqueville F., 351, 377 Preveza, 131, 247, 252, 256, 326, 396, 400, 406,497, 507, 509 Provinciale Romanům, 306 Psara, Psarianoi, 134,360-382, 389, 411,412, 483,486, 501 Qaza, 111, 112, 113 Querini, Giacomo, 97 Rabelais, 79 Radu, Mihne III, 178 Ragusa, 244, 250 Rangavis, Alexandras Rizos, 175
Rizaris, Manthos, 463 Rodopi, 128, 289 Rome (Roman Empire), 30, 58, 62, 63,188,470 Roussiadis, Georgios, 441, 502 Rosa, Petros (example of an up-andcoming Greek merchant), 149164, 360 Roumeli, 287-312, 493,499 Sagiada (the harbour), 246 Saint-Vincent, Bory de, 401-404 Sakellarios, Georgios, 399 Sakellariou, Michael, 45, 330-337, 348 Salamis, 384, 385 Salaora (the harbour), 246, 247 Salona (kaza and town near Amfissa), 270-284, 304-318, 407, 491 Samos, 360-363, 445, 461, 483, 524 Sanjaks, of the Balkans, 177 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 433, 529 Scholarios, George (Gennadios), 23, 96
The Making of the Modem Greeks: 1400-1820 Scholars of the Greek Enlightenment, passim Schools, passim Second council of Lyon, 21 Sekeris (brothers Athanasios, George, Panagiotis), 464 Selim III, 426, 442 Seljuks, 2 Serbia, 20,148, 504 Sifnos, 147-169, 360-363, 414, 482, 508, 510 Simple commodity production, 36, 396 Sinas, Simon, 265 Sipahi (Cavalry), 14 Skaltzodimos (robber), 312 Skanderbeg (George Castriotis), 17, 54, 294 Skopelos, 360-366, 377, 378 Skoufas, Nicolaos, 245, 462,464, 509 Skoufos, Frangkiskos, 189, 486 Skylidjis Petros Omiridis, 436,465467, 497 Smyrna {see also Izmir), 130,143, 150,174,218, 235-242, 260, 350,386, 402,412,419,425, 441-459, 488,494 Sofíanos, Nicolaos Solomos, Dionysios, 79 Souli, Souliots, 325, 425, 426, 457, 458,461,505 Soutsos, Alexandres, 44, 45 Spain, 65, 73, 126,514 Spetses, Spetsiots, 134, 150, 217, 359-384,411-413, 444,481 Sponge fishing, 361 Stagiritis, Athanasios, 439 Stahl, Henry H., 120, 177-179, 530 Stathaioi (armatole family), 318 Stoianovich, Traían, 134, 135, 137, 158, 231,531 Stomaris (protokapetanios), 314, 321 Sublime Porte, passim 541 Suleyman I the Magnificent, sultan, 295 Sultan, passim (Caesar, Imperator, Caliph) Svoronos, Nikolaos, 45, 46, 181, 237, 494, 506, 520 Synod of Lyon, the second, 21 Syria, 130, 232-238 Talantio (kaza and town near Atalanti), 314-315 Tamast Treaty, 297 Tatars, 34 Thebes, 98, 139, 161-284, 340, 349, 407 Theologitis, Manolis, 151-156 Theotokis, Nikiphoros, 211, 222, 500, 501 Thessaloniki, passim Thessaly, passim Thrace, 16,35, 97 Thucydides, 287 Timar - Timario(-a) (system of feudal tax grants),
14, 32, 92-94, 128, 229, 230, 279, 331,337 Tinos, 360, 361, 373 Tombazis, Jakovos, 465 Trakas (armatole family), 311, 481, 499 Transylvania, 141, 177 Treaty of Passarowitz, 245 Trieste, 59, 218, 244-247, 259-263, 388, 439, 496 Trikala, 131-136, 147-161,245-452, 264-269, 301,319,419,498 Tsakalov, Athanasios, 462 Tsotsoros Stathis, 343 Tunis, 143 Turkish historians, 13 Tuscany, 256, 262 Tzaras, Nicolaos (Nikotsaras, armatolos), 325 Valetas, Spyridon, 459 Valtos, Aetolia, 286 Varvakis, Ioannis, 389
542 Varvoglis, Georgios (elder), 350 Vathi of Kalymnos, 361, 479 Vatican, 21, 22, 27, 29, 50, 55, 65, 69, 79,198, 221, 306 Vatikiotis, Dimitrios, 464 Vekil, 163, 370 Velestinlis, Rigas Feraros, 399,433, 434, 439, 448, 452, Velis Pasha, 347 Veneriko or Nafpaktos, 270, 276 Venice, passim Ventotis, Georgios, 439 Verati or authorization, 25, 87-98, 107, 109, 122, 129 Vienna, 59, 126, 190, 218, 219, 259, 265, 326, 389, 434-439,448, 449 Vilaras, Ioannis, 399 Vlachavas, Thymios (armatole), 325 Vlachs, 293 Vlami, Despoina, 256-266, 510 Voltaire, 210, 212, 460 Vonitsa, 247, 270, 276, 277, 300, 311,326 Voulgaris, Eugenios, 210-216, 225, 365, 485, 496 Voivode, 102, 103, 110, 111, 177179 Vrettos (merchant family), 260 Vrynaina (the village), 274, 280 General Index Wallachia, 16, 34, 37, 50, 102-109, 141, 176-179, 199,322,435, 441,466 Wallerstein, Immanuel, 129,229, 420, 533 Wittek, Paul, 5, 7, 11, 30, 89, 90, 510, 533 Wittenberg, 64 Xenos, Emmanouel, 410 Xiromero, 270-280, 300, 311, 314 Ypsilantis, Dimitrios, 178, 439 Zagori, 208 Zacharias Costas or Kostantaras (protokapetanios), 308-311, 510 Zaimi brothers, 350, 491 Zambelios, Spyridon, 43, 510 Zapanti (the village), 282 Zealots of Thessaloniki, 48-57 Zerzoulis, Nicolaos, 211, 216, 222 Zitouni (forza and town of Lamia), 272, 274 Zeus, (as one of the models for Plethon), 52 Zoroaster, 51, 52 Zosima (Family), 265, 409 Zosimas, Panagiotis, 261 |
| adam_txt |
Contents PROLOGUE. xi CHAPTER 1. 1 FROM THE CRISIS OF BYZANTIUM TO OTTOMAN HEGEMONY - End of the 13 th to the end of the 15 th century - Introduction - The Expansion of Islam - Defeat and incorporation of the Byzantine leadership groups - In the name of the Most Holy Consubstanţial and Undivided Trinity - The Ottoman political contract and the consent of the occupied populations - The isolation of the Balkan populations from Europe - Summary and general conclusions of the first part CHAPTER 2. 42 THE EMERGENCE AND THE DEFEAT OF THE FIRST MODERN HELLENISM - From the 14th to the early 17th century - Prerequisites for interpretation - “We are Hellenes”. Devising a radically secular identity. - The local character of the Hellenic Renaissance - The sole attempt at reform of the Orthodox ecclesiastical aristocracy - The spiritual condition of the rayah - Summary and general conclusions of Part Two CHAPTER 3. 83 THE REPRODUCTION OF THE OTTOMAN DOMINATION Stable structures - Methodological clarification - The mass abduction of children - The orthodox clerical aristocracy - Phanariots and Boyars', vassal aristocrats in the Ottoman court - Heads of minor provinces or local dignitaries - The social significance of sub-
contracting tax collection
Contents - The conquered, sources of Ottoman power and the terrain of its reproduction CHAPTER 4.124 THE EMERGENCE OF THE NEW HELLENISM OF COMMERCE - From the 17th to the early 18th century - Why commerce? The organization of Ottoman markets: a typology The organizers of concentration of surplus in small locations The merchant organizers of inter-territorial markets and small-scale foreign trade The reproduction of upwardly mobile merchants: the family The social reproduction of up-and-coming merchants Comparing emergent commercial élites with traditional local ones The emergence of Homo Economicus in the Balkans CHAPTER 5.174 THE BEGINNINGS OF EMANCIPATION - From the mid-17th century to 1780 - False traces of neoteric thought in the Balkans - Salvationist popular ideologies and individuals in transition to modernity - The first glimmerings of secular self-determination: archaeolatreia - Education as the new quest - Education as a value per se - The origins of Hellenic Enlightenment: the first period - Elements on the social influence of neoteric thought - The Orthodox ecclesiastical aristocracy, standard-bearer of anti enlightenment CHAPTER 6. 226 BALKAN TRADE: THE TAKE-OFF - 17th and 18th centuries - Theocracy and trade: spirit and matter? The geo-economic redeployment among Mediterranean
Ottoman regions
The Making of the Modern Greeks: 1400-1820 їх CHAPTER 7.239 THE EMERGENCE OF AXES OF POWER IN THE NEW HELLENISM - Trade and its initial limits A. THE COMMERCIAL POLE OF EPIRUS AND ITS EXPANSION - From the 17th to the beginning of the 19th century - Foreign commercial powers and the local Greek commercial élites - The marine trade centre of western Continental Greece - The European networks of Epirus' commercial élites - Ottoman rule as a threat to the commercial capital B. THE WORLDS OF CENTRAL GREECE - From the 16th century to the beginning of the 19th century - The space and the populations’ activities - The cultivators’ turn towards producing goods for the market - The "sea of mountains" and its world - The institution of the Armatoliki - The making of the highlander armed leadership groups - The captains-in-chief: a hereditary aristocracy - The Armatoloi, a reconsideration C. THE POLE OF THE PELOPONNESE. FROM PRIMORDIAL SOCIAL STRUCTURES TO INTERNATIONAL MARKETS From the 17th to the early 19th century - The Peninsula and its population - The mechanism of production control by the local gentry - Production and trade in the Peloponnese - A well-established regional nobility D. THE GREEK MARITIME COMMUNITIES - From the 17th to the beginning of the 19th century - Floating and coastal cities - The genealogies of the Greek maritime societies - The development of Greek maritime societies - From the Aegean to the seas of the world - Conclusions: The Modem Greek social and economic space
CHAPTER 8. 391 ON THE GREEK URBAN SOCIETIES - From 1780 to 1820 - Introduction - The artisans and small shopkeepers - The new social élite of the literate - On the concentration of merchant capital and monetary wealth
Contents x - Conclusions: Differentiation of the Modem Greeks from the Ottoman system and the sources of their power CHAPTER 9. 422 THF, REVOLUTIONARY TURN - From 1780 to 1820 - Preamble: The archaeology of collective consciousness - Defining a Greek revolutionary intellectual of the Enlightenment - The social influence of the Greek Enlightenment from 1780 onwards - The shaping of the revolutionary spirit - For the liberation of the Hellenes - The organization of revolutionary action EPILOGUE. 468 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 478 GENERALINDEX. 534 CATALOGUE OF TABLES, MAPS AND DIAGRAMS 543
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484 Bibliography Anonymous, Criton's Reflections, by Firminos Didotou Print shop. Paris, 1819. Aristomenis, Dimitrios (Spyridon N. Valletas), Ioannis Jacob Rousseau of Geneva, Reason for the Principle and Basis of Inequality between Humans, Translated from the French Language by Dimitrios Aristomenis at the expenses of the honest and benevolent Mr. Paleologos Lemonis, Paris 1818. Voulgaris, Eugenios, Sketch on freedom of religious beliefs, that is, on the toleration of religious differences, Leipzig, 1768 (Reprinted: Stachy editions 2001). Kassomoulis, Nikolaos K., Military Memoirs ofthe Greek Revolution 18211833, Volume I, A.I Varsou, Athens 1940. Kolokotronis, Theodore of Konstantinos dictated, Narrative ofthe events of the Greek nation from 1770 to 1836, C. N. Philadelphos, Athens 1846. Kontaris, Georgios, Very useful old stories ofthe magnificent city ofAthens, by Andreas Ioulianos, inl675. Korais, Adamantios, Battle hymn of the Greek warriors fighting in Egypt forfreedom, from the Greek print shop in Egypt, 1800. -, Life ofAdamantios Korais written by himself, from the print shop of K. Everartos. Paris 1833. -, Trumpet of war, from the Greek print shop of Atromitos of Marathon, Alexandria 1801. -, What Greeks have to do in the present circumstances. Dialogue between two Greek inhabitants of Venice when they heard of the glorious victories ofEmperor Napoleon, From the printing house of Chiysippos of Kritovoulos in Venice, 1805. -, Irregularities, Voi. 4, К. Everartos in Paris 1832. Koumas, Constantine, M., Histories of human deeds from ancient times to the present day,
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The Making of the Modern Greeks: 1400-1820 485 Missiodax, Iosipos, Ethical Philosophy, [translation from Italian], By A. Vortoli, In year 1761. -, Theory of Geography, Print shop of Ioannis Thomas, Vienna 1781. -, Treatise on Children's upbringing and Education, by Nicholas Glykos of Ioannina in the year 1779. Benizelos, Ioannis, History of Athens, introduction by Ioannis Gennadios, edited by I. Kokkonas ֊ G. Bokou, supervision and presentation M.I. Manoussakas, Ekdotiki Athinon, Athens 1986 Bounialis, Marinos Tzane, Narration in verse of the war in Crete, Giuliano Andrea, in the year 1681. (Reprinted: The Cretan War 1645-1649, Stigmi editions, Athens 1995.) Xanthos, Emmanuel, Memoirs of the Filila Etaireia, A. Garpola, Athens 1845. P. Patron, Germanos, Metropolitan, "Introduction of archpriests, spiritual leaders, preachers and priests", in the Written Memoirs. Some memories of Greeks taking arms against tyranny and of some political events in Peloponnese during the first period of administration, published with a foreword by Georgios I. Papoulas, editing Dimitrios G. Kampouroglou, Spyrou Tsangari, Athens 1900 Papadopoulos, Nikolaos, Hermes God of Profit, i.e. Commercial Encyclopedia, Venice 1815-1817, Appendix to the reprint, edited by Triantafyllos E. Sklavenitis - Panagiotis D. Michailaris, Cultural Foundation of Piraeus Group, Athens 1989. Plithon, Georgios Gemistos, "To Manuel Paleologos on the affairs of the Peloponnese", published by S. Lambros, On Paleologi and the Peloponnese, vol. III, Athens 1912-1930. Skouzes, Panagis, Chronicle of enslaved Athens in the years
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General Index (The titles of books and manuscripts mentioned in the text are not included in this index) Abbot Epifaneios, 159 Abel, Wilhelm, 232 Admiral of the Fleet or Kapetan Pasha, 332, 370 Adriatic, 148, 158, 244-264, 359, 369, 384, 385 Aegean, 23, 28, 49, 59, 61-75, 9199, 121, 130-140, 149-162, 183201,212-218,230-268,298, 322, 328, 350-370, 373-379, 383-386,390-393,406,419, 421,436, Aegina, 367, 378, 384 Africa, 28, 35, 121, 130, 143, 233, 238-244,389, 420 Agia Sophia, 23 Agios Petros (the kaza), 337 Agoriani, 311 Agrafa, Agrafiotes, 268-425 Aidipsos, 283 Aitoliko, 250, 253, 256,264, 277, 384 Aitolos, Kosmas, 450 Aitoloakamania, 267, 286 Akova, 98 Albanians, 16, 241, 296, 304-307, 327, 226 Aleppo, 130, 232, 233, 242, Alexandria, 66, 67, 96, 130, 232, 242, 283, 286 Algeria, 35 Ali Pasha, 243, 295, 312, 323, 325, 326, 247, 382, 425, 426, 461, Almyros (the kaza), 274, 280 Alonan (the village), 284 Ambelakia, 128, 289, 395-399 America, 238, 329, 369, 379, 387, 391 Anabaptists, 64 Anagnostaras (Anagnostis Papageorgiou), 464 Anatolia, 34, 232, 300, 412 Ancona, 244, 259, 261 Anderson, Perry, 37, 81 Angelou, Alkis, 198 Ankara, 5 Anonymous Greek, the, 457, 484 Anthrakitis, Methodios, 208-223, 430-350, Anti-Enlightenment, 44, 220-225 Argolida, 140, 374, 385 Aristotle, 59, 208, 210 Armathia, islet of Kassos, 361 Amatóles, 310, 314, 321-365,400476 (see also Armatolo։) Armenians, 27, 28, 87, 115, 136, 258 Arta, 16, 131, 159, 245-266, 294327, 382, 452 Artefacts, 150, 249, 397 Asdrahas, Spyros I., 476 Asia, 2, 3 Asia Minor, 1-137, 199, 201, 361, 406 Aspropotamos, 314-321 Astakos,
384, 412 Astrapogiannos (protokapetanios), 309 Athens, Athenians, 43, 77, 95, 121, 131-135, 142-157, 184-203, 218, 241,272-306, 350, 359,
The Making of the Modem Greeks: 1400-1820 363,376, 386-419,428,430435,443 Athens basin, 241, 283, 359 Austro-Hungary, 245 Aviona, 246,267, 252 Ayathymia (the village) Ayanides or agianides(ayân), 143, 322, 328, 331,412 Balanos, Vasilopoulos, 211, 284 Balkans, passim, 5-477 Baronies, Latin, 4 Bayezid I, 5, 54, 273 Bedreddin, Mahmud, 54-57 Benakis, Panagiotis, 350 Benizelos, Ioannis, 400,414,486 Bessarion (Vissarionas), 55 Beylik, 4, 7,9, 11, 12, 34 Bible, 23, 31, 71, 214 Black Sea, 34, 133, 258, 335, 377, 386-391,419 Bloch, Marc, 110, 188 Boeotia, 270-280, 395 Bouas, Theodores Grivas, 16, 294, 300 Boukouvalas, Armatole family, 309, 318 Bourdieu, Pierre, 170 Bourgeois, Balkan, Greek, European, passim Boyars, 37, 100-118, 176-180, 364 Braudel, Fernand, 36, 389,420 Bucharest, 180, 218, 400 Bulgarians, 137, 305 Byzantium or the Eastern Roman Empire, 1-57, 108,172,190, 461, 470 Cairo, 130, 169, 231,242 Caniklizade (agianis), 346, 529 (see also Ayanides) Cantacuzene, John, 21 Capitulations, 229, 267 Capital, merchant, animal, of Greek merchants, a capitalist centre, 535 129, 134,135, 149, 281-321, 358,102-460 Capitalism, merchant, 124-127, 237, 329, 389, 472 Capitalist centre / underdeveloped periphery (theory), 129 Caravans, 130-135, 233, 389, 418 Carbonari, Decembrists, Jacobins, Babeufists, Saint Simonians, Freemasons, 462 Çelebi, Evliya, 75 Central Greece, (the "sea of mountains"), 286, 287,322 Chief Rabbi, 24 Chiflik, 121, 238, 170, 285, 303, 331-349,408, 475 Chios, 97-105, 132, 149, 150, 151, 167, 198, 341, 342, 360-376, 402 Christophoros, Angelos, 189 Chroussovo
(Chryssovo), 276 Chrysoloras, Manuel, 55, 56 Church, 17-29, 40-124, 154-200, 207-226, 309,319, 338, 371, 403-418, 431-477 Çift-Hane, 32, 39, 118, 120,138, 231,288, 339, Çizakça Murat, 116, 117 Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 131, 233, 285 College of Rome, 62, 63 Committee of Public Safety, 453 Compagnia Almugavares, 294 Constantinople, passim Corfu, Corfiots, 60-63, 148, 188, 210,211,245,248, Crusaders, 21, 49, 79 Cyclades, Archipelago of the, 98, 99,140-162, 234, 401, 402, 414, 415 Cyprus, 27, 360 Damascus, 130, 232, 233, 242 Damodos, Vikentios, 185, 186 Darzenda family, 99 Defoe, Daniel, 79
536 Derebeys, 322 Descartes, 79, 209, 458, 460 Despoiate of the Morea, of Epirus, 28, 49, 53, 249 Despotism of the Eastern type, 12, 13 Dhimmi, 26, 36, 38 Diakos Grammatikos, 311 Dikaios, Grigorios, 465 Dimaras, Konstantinos T., 47 Dionysios the Philosopher, 301 Divine Providence, 43 Division of labour and of tasks, 126, 292, 293, 359, 373, 374,418, 429 Theotokópoulos, Doménikos, 61 Douroutis, Ioannis, 261 Dragamestos (Astakos), 412 Dragouman of the Fleet, Dragouman of the Porte, 102, 103 Durazbey (corsair), 358 Dušan, Stephan, 3, 20, 50 Earthly Jerusalem, the, 55 Ecclesiastical exarchs, 93, 317 Egripos (Euboea, and the town of Chalkis), 270,272 Egypt, 130, 233, 235, 238, 383,454 Elias, Norbert, 227 Empire of Nicaea, 3 Empire-world (Ottoman), 420, 421 Epirus, Epirots, 46, 49, 133-148, 155, 208-290, 325,328, 346425 Ermioni, 374 Ermoupoli, 168, 411,412 Europe, passim Evros, the battle on the, 5 Excommunication, 25, 26, 210, 451, Fallmerayer, Jakob P., 43 Fanari, Epirus, 249 Farmakis, Ioannis, 464 Faroqui, Suraiya, 33, 225, 420 Filiki Etaireia, the, 426-474 General Index Finlay, George, 46 Fishing, 253, 359, 361, 362, 366, 382 Fiume, 245 Florence, 55, 58, 124 Foucault, Michel, 206 Francia, Franks, 21, 329 Frangos, Georgios, 463,464 French commercial code, 442 Futuva (fraternities and values), 9 Gaiatas, 464 Galatis, Nikolas, 464 Galaxidi, Galaxidiots, 134, 241, 250, 276, 278, 308, 357-384 Garantsa (the village), 365 Gamier, Benoit, 246 Gazis, Anthimos, 436 Gene, Mehmet, 116 Genoa, Genoans, 48, 124, 130, 388 Gerakaris, Lymperakis, 305 German Peasants' war, 64 Germanos III of
Old Patras, 71,404, 465, Gerondas, Antonakis, 366 Ghazis, 1,5, 9, 11,31 Giddens, Anthony, 170 Goulas (zorbas), 311 Gramsci, Antonio, 170, 432 Greco-Ottoman flag, 254 Gregory V (Patriarch), 460, 463 Gutenberg, 71 Gytheio, 142, 143, 147, 161, 164, 329, 349, 395, 419 Hamodrakas, D., 142, 143, 161, 164, 329 Handakas (Heraklion), 62, 67, 366 Haritopoulos, Dimitrios, 306, 307 Hatzis, Dimitrios, 47, 48, 78, Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, Hegelianism, 227, 423 Heli (Porto Heli), 384, 413 Hellenic Institute of Venice, 132, 144, 153, 154, 162, 168, 248, Hellenism, New, passim Herder, Johann Gottfried von, 43
The Making of the Modem Greeks: 1400-1820 Hexabiblos of Constantine Armenopoulos, 16,26 Himara, 16, 297 Holland, Henry, 68, 219, 261, 394, 405, 409 Holy Alliance, 462 Holy Inquisition, 197, 221 Holy Scripture, 69, 355 Holy Synod (of the Orthodox Patriarchate), 69, 70, 75, 91, 96, 193, 539 Holy War, 1,37,516, 539 Home tutors, 217, 404,405 Hormopoulos, Mikros (protkapetanios), 309 Houssos, Metso (robber), 309 Hungary, 47, 177, 245, 259, 466, 449 Hydra, Hydriots, 134, 217, 359-387, 411 Ibrahim Pasha, 297 Ignatius of Hungaro-Wallachia, 435, 436 Iliou, Philippos, 26, 74, 174, 210, 218,436 Inalcik, Halil, 232 India, 86,130, 379 Ioannina, Ioannites, 121,131-148, 184, 186, 198-211,241-266, 313-409 Ionian Islands, 59-80, 141, 194-217, 244-265, 305-317, 406,419, 435-461 Ionian Sea, 244, 264, 268, 286 Iorga, Nicolae, 14, 17, 20, 92, 101, 108, 120 Ipatros, Dimitrios, 464 Islam, 1-38, 54-64, 86-89-106-130, 152, 296, 304, 336, 347, 368 Istiaia (the kaza), 283 istimalet, 30 Izmir (see also Smyrna), 136 Janissaries, 10, 11, 68, 89, 121,171, 296, 398, 426 Jasseau, Auguste de, 462 Jerusalem, 24, 54, 55, 65, 93, 96 537 Jews, 17, 24, 27, 28, 87, 115, 120, 137, 386 John V Palaiologos, 21 Kadis ֊ Qadi, 33 Kaimakamides, 104 Kakridis, Ioannis T., 182, 183, 427 Kalamata, 48, 131, 143, 350, 419 Kallipolitis, Maximos, 68 Kallistos (Patriarch), 21 Kalymnos, 360-365 Kamarinos, Kyriakos, 464 Kant, Immanuel, 206, 227, Kapakia, 325 Kapodistrias, Ioannis, 374, 376, 394-414, 464, 476 Kapói, 295, 333 Kapouma (village), 282 Kapraina (village), 282, 284 Karadimas Andritsos or Safakas (protokapetanios), 312
Karatzas, Dimitrios, 104-106 Karpenisi, 276, 278, 317 Kasaba Resat, 420 Kassos, 360-382, 444 Kastania (village of Agrafa), 276 Katsonis, Giannis or Vrikolakas (protokapetanios), 308-313 Katsonis, Lampros, 355, 461 Katartzis, Dimitrios, 221, 447 Katzikogianaioi (family of armatoles), 311 Kavala, 131 Kaimakam, 104 Kefalonia, 185 Kerameas, Nicolaos, 186 Kamolos, 150, 366, 373, 378 Kioussopoulou, Antonia, 493, 507 Kithira, 98, 399 Kladas, Krokodeilos, 294 Kodjabashis - Kocabasi, 112-119, 163, 196, 297-299, 324-354, 371, 426, 456-476 Kogălniceanu Mihail, 178, 179, 523 Kokkinis, Michael, 365, 400 Kolettis, Ioannis, 465
538 Kontaris, Georgiers, 189, 485 Korais, Adamantios, 402, 426, 435, 436, 447-465 Koran, the, 9, 31, 75, 541 Kordatos, Giannis, 44-46,181, 310 Korydaleas, Theophilos, 68, 77 Kosovo, 17 Koumas, Konstantinos, 220, 435, 465 Korimas (protokapetanios), 304308 Koursoulas, Nicolaos, 186 Kozani, 131, 189,441 Rritopoulos, Metrophanes (Patriarch of Alexandria), 68 Kynouria, 357 Kythera - Kythira - Kithira, 98, 168, 399, 479 La Bretonne, Nicolas Edme Restif de, 448 Labrousse, Emest, 181, 232, 523 Lampardopoulos (family), 98,100 Laskaris, Konstantinos, 72 Laskaris, lanos, 58, 189 Latins, knights, Catholics, 12, 17, 49, 50 Latris, Ikesios, 441 Lazaioi (amatole family), 318 Leake, W.M., 266, 289, 399, 412, 488,514 Lemnos, 377 Leonidio, 357, 380, 384, 541 Lesvos, Mytilene, 360-363,494 Lesvios, Veniamin, 435, 490, 508, 541 Liakatas, Gregory (protokapetanios), 321 Lidoriki, 273, 276, 278, 306, 358, 394 Livadeia, 98, 218, 272-286, 314, 349, 407,419 Livorno, 59, 254-266, 349, 355, 388 Locke, John, 212, 460 Logothetis, Vasileios, 149, 150, 169, 314 General Index Londos, Andreas, 464 Louis XIV, 233, 267 Louriotis Andreas, 464 Lucans, Cyril ("the son of darkness"), 66-73, 186,214, 224, Lukacs, Georg, 192,428 Luther, Martin, 64, 69, 81, 189 Macedonians, 127,469 Makolas, Ioannis, 189-191, 409, 485 Madrasah, 75 Malebranche, Nicolas, 209 Maliac Gulf, 273 Malta, 250-257, 384, 388, 527 Mani, passim Manzikert, 2 Marine centres, 377, 384, 394 Markides Pouhou (brothers), 436, 481 Maroutzis, Lampros Simonas, 155, 156, 482 Marseille, 131, 132,233-236, 247, 263, 265, 354, 355, 385-388 Marx, Karl, 44, 45,
120, 170, 228 Mavrokordatos, Alexandras, 106, 107, 463-466 Mavrokordatos, Konstantinos, 179 Mavrokordatos, Nikolaos, 79 Mavromichalis, Petros, 335, 465 Maximos, Seraphim, 45, 181, 237, 257, 352, 500 McGowan, Bruce, 525 Mediterranean, passim Mehmed or Mohammed or Muhammad II the conqueror, 11, 18, 23-29, 87, 101,470, 521 Mei'ntanis, Panos (protokapetanios), 302, 305 Mekteb, 75 Meletius I Pegas, 66, 67, 499 Messolonghi, 134, 241-278, 335, 357-384, 400, 444 Metaxas, Nikodimos, 67-73
The Making of the Modem Greeks: 1400-1820 Methodius III of Constantinople (Moronis), 96, 97,108,482 Metochites, Theodoras, 55 Metsovo, 131, 211, 247, 264, 266, 297 Mills, Wright C., 170 Miniatis, Ilias, 186 Mitros, Meletios, 184-186 Moisiodax, Iossipos or Missiodakas, Iossipos, 195,212,219-222, 434, 448, 450, 488, 496 Moldavia, Moldavians, 34, 37, 102107, 176-178, 199,216, 221, 322 Moldova, 103-109, 177, 507 Molière, 188 Molin, Alvise, 96, 97 Móndanos, Lanthos, 148, 149,156, 164, 198, 245 Mongolians of the Golden Horde, 4 Montagne, Robert, 328, 329 Montpellier, 448 Mosca, Gaetano, 170 Moscholouri (trade market), 285 Most Serene Republic (Serenissima Respublica), 304 Mouzaraki (village), 282, 284 Mohammed I, 54 Mohammed Çelebi, 11, 54 Mousouros, Markos Muentzer, Thomas, 64 Murad I sultan, 89 Murad IV sultan, 70 Mykonos, 151, 164-168, 360, 415, 480, 491,510 Mystras, 18, 52, 53, 55, 331, 531 Nafpaktos, (the naval battle), 65, 270-284, 306, 331,483 Nafplion, 365, 396, 397, 417, 486, 491 Nahiye ֊Nahiyeh, 111, 275, 290, 337, 392 Naples, 198, 259,261,355 539 Napoleon, Bonaparte (Napoleonic Wars),256, 317, 382-386, 424, 451-462,485,494,519 Nation, passim Naxos, 98, 415, 150-152, 360-363, 415,480 Negris, Theodoras, 465 Neroulos, Jakovos Rizos, 44, 175, 297, 317, 505 Netherlands, 267 Newton, 211,460 Nikousios, Panagiotakis, 106, 107, 522 Notaras (family), 335, 336 Notaras Chrysanthos, 210, 222, 225 Olympios, Georgakis, 461, 464 Olympus (Mount), 113, 316-318, 496 Orlof brothers (or else Orlov), 334, 335, 423, 505 Osman I Ghazi, 4, 10, 521 Ottoman Empire, passim Ottomans, passim
Pamblekis, Christodoulos, 219, 447, 451, 494 Pachomios, 210 Paidomàzoma, 88, 89 Palaiologoi, 49-52, 101, 409 Palaiologos, Manuel II, 51, 54 Palaiologos, Michael VIII, 21 Palaiopanagia (village), 280 Panagiotopoulos, Vassilis, 38, 85, 90, 93, 116, 136, 277,317, 327, 348, 489-527 Panourgias (protokapetanios), 318, 502 Papadopoulos, Nikolaos, 442, 507 Paparrigopoulos, Konstantinos, 43, 44, 503 Parga, 246 Paris, passim Paris, Robert, 230-237, 249, 252, 253
540 Paros, 98, 134, 150, 360-366, 414, 415,480, 534 Parthenios IV of Constantinople, 97 Pashalik of Epirus, passim Passarowitz, Treaty of., 245 Patras (Old Patras), 71, 98, 131, 135, 163,256, 262, 333, 350, 362, 384,419 Patriarch, Orthodox, of the Gregorians, 24 Patriarchate, 25-29, 66-78, 90-108, 167, 184, 193,208-211,220, 221,450, 451,460, 482, 482, 487 Patrinos, Alexandras, 260, 500 Paul, the Apostle, 469 Paun, Radu G., 103, 106, 177, 527 Pax Ottomanica, 13, 14, 54 Peloponnese, Peloponnesians, passim Penach Suleiman Efendi, 353 Pentedekas, Antonios or Konstantinos, 463, 464 Peroulis, Dimitidos, 153-156, 169, 190, 409 Persia, 12, 130, 233, 237 Phanariots, 66, 100-118, 171-181, 216,418, 457, 458, 471 Philiki Etaireia or Filiki Etaireia, 216, 356,426, 436,441,458474, 484-503 Philippidis, Daniel, 275, 435 Philomuse Society of Athens, 443 Philotheos, bishop of Salona, 491 Pieria, 113 Pigas, Meletios, 66, 67 Pindus, 249, 270, 288, 289, 297 Piraeus, 359, 378, 384, 385 Pisa, 59, 201, 435, 466, 483, 502, 454 Plethon, Georgios Gemistos, 51-58, 71,72, 172, 190, 192, 226, 423, 427, 270, 493 Podskalsky, Gerhard, 66, 69, 96 Pontus, 63 Pope, 21, 65, 96, General Index Pope Pius V, 65 Poros, 359, 360-376, 395, 396, 480, 499 Porte, passim Porto Heli, 384,413 Portugal, 242 Pothia of Kalymnos, 361 Pouqueville F., 351, 377 Preveza, 131, 247, 252, 256, 326, 396, 400, 406,497, 507, 509 Provinciale Romanům, 306 Psara, Psarianoi, 134,360-382, 389, 411,412, 483,486, 501 Qaza, 111, 112, 113 Querini, Giacomo, 97 Rabelais, 79 Radu, Mihne III, 178 Ragusa, 244, 250 Rangavis, Alexandras Rizos, 175
Rizaris, Manthos, 463 Rodopi, 128, 289 Rome (Roman Empire), 30, 58, 62, 63,188,470 Roussiadis, Georgios, 441, 502 Rosa, Petros (example of an up-andcoming Greek merchant), 149164, 360 Roumeli, 287-312, 493,499 Sagiada (the harbour), 246 Saint-Vincent, Bory de, 401-404 Sakellarios, Georgios, 399 Sakellariou, Michael, 45, 330-337, 348 Salamis, 384, 385 Salaora (the harbour), 246, 247 Salona (kaza and town near Amfissa), 270-284, 304-318, 407, 491 Samos, 360-363, 445, 461, 483, 524 Sanjaks, of the Balkans, 177 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 433, 529 Scholarios, George (Gennadios), 23, 96
The Making of the Modem Greeks: 1400-1820 Scholars of the Greek Enlightenment, passim Schools, passim Second council of Lyon, 21 Sekeris (brothers Athanasios, George, Panagiotis), 464 Selim III, 426, 442 Seljuks, 2 Serbia, 20,148, 504 Sifnos, 147-169, 360-363, 414, 482, 508, 510 Simple commodity production, 36, 396 Sinas, Simon, 265 Sipahi (Cavalry), 14 Skaltzodimos (robber), 312 Skanderbeg (George Castriotis), 17, 54, 294 Skopelos, 360-366, 377, 378 Skoufas, Nicolaos, 245, 462,464, 509 Skoufos, Frangkiskos, 189, 486 Skylidjis Petros Omiridis, 436,465467, 497 Smyrna {see also Izmir), 130,143, 150,174,218, 235-242, 260, 350,386, 402,412,419,425, 441-459, 488,494 Sofíanos, Nicolaos Solomos, Dionysios, 79 Souli, Souliots, 325, 425, 426, 457, 458,461,505 Soutsos, Alexandres, 44, 45 Spain, 65, 73, 126,514 Spetses, Spetsiots, 134, 150, 217, 359-384,411-413, 444,481 Sponge fishing, 361 Stagiritis, Athanasios, 439 Stahl, Henry H., 120, 177-179, 530 Stathaioi (armatole family), 318 Stoianovich, Traían, 134, 135, 137, 158, 231,531 Stomaris (protokapetanios), 314, 321 Sublime Porte, passim 541 Suleyman I the Magnificent, sultan, 295 Sultan, passim (Caesar, Imperator, Caliph) Svoronos, Nikolaos, 45, 46, 181, 237, 494, 506, 520 Synod of Lyon, the second, 21 Syria, 130, 232-238 Talantio (kaza and town near Atalanti), 314-315 Tamast Treaty, 297 Tatars, 34 Thebes, 98, 139, 161-284, 340, 349, 407 Theologitis, Manolis, 151-156 Theotokis, Nikiphoros, 211, 222, 500, 501 Thessaloniki, passim Thessaly, passim Thrace, 16,35, 97 Thucydides, 287 Timar - Timario(-a) (system of feudal tax grants),
14, 32, 92-94, 128, 229, 230, 279, 331,337 Tinos, 360, 361, 373 Tombazis, Jakovos, 465 Trakas (armatole family), 311, 481, 499 Transylvania, 141, 177 Treaty of Passarowitz, 245 Trieste, 59, 218, 244-247, 259-263, 388, 439, 496 Trikala, 131-136, 147-161,245-452, 264-269, 301,319,419,498 Tsakalov, Athanasios, 462 Tsotsoros Stathis, 343 Tunis, 143 Turkish historians, 13 Tuscany, 256, 262 Tzaras, Nicolaos (Nikotsaras, armatolos), 325 Valetas, Spyridon, 459 Valtos, Aetolia, 286 Varvakis, Ioannis, 389
542 Varvoglis, Georgios (elder), 350 Vathi of Kalymnos, 361, 479 Vatican, 21, 22, 27, 29, 50, 55, 65, 69, 79,198, 221, 306 Vatikiotis, Dimitrios, 464 Vekil, 163, 370 Velestinlis, Rigas Feraros, 399,433, 434, 439, 448, 452, Velis Pasha, 347 Veneriko or Nafpaktos, 270, 276 Venice, passim Ventotis, Georgios, 439 Verati or authorization, 25, 87-98, 107, 109, 122, 129 Vienna, 59, 126, 190, 218, 219, 259, 265, 326, 389, 434-439,448, 449 Vilaras, Ioannis, 399 Vlachavas, Thymios (armatole), 325 Vlachs, 293 Vlami, Despoina, 256-266, 510 Voltaire, 210, 212, 460 Vonitsa, 247, 270, 276, 277, 300, 311,326 Voulgaris, Eugenios, 210-216, 225, 365, 485, 496 Voivode, 102, 103, 110, 111, 177179 Vrettos (merchant family), 260 Vrynaina (the village), 274, 280 General Index Wallachia, 16, 34, 37, 50, 102-109, 141, 176-179, 199,322,435, 441,466 Wallerstein, Immanuel, 129,229, 420, 533 Wittek, Paul, 5, 7, 11, 30, 89, 90, 510, 533 Wittenberg, 64 Xenos, Emmanouel, 410 Xiromero, 270-280, 300, 311, 314 Ypsilantis, Dimitrios, 178, 439 Zagori, 208 Zacharias Costas or Kostantaras (protokapetanios), 308-311, 510 Zaimi brothers, 350, 491 Zambelios, Spyridon, 43, 510 Zapanti (the village), 282 Zealots of Thessaloniki, 48-57 Zerzoulis, Nicolaos, 211, 216, 222 Zitouni (forza and town of Lamia), 272, 274 Zeus, (as one of the models for Plethon), 52 Zoroaster, 51, 52 Zosima (Family), 265, 409 Zosimas, Panagiotis, 261 |
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| spelling | Pizanias, Petros Th. 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)124235697 aut The making of the modern Greeks 1400-1820 by Petros T. Pizanias Newcastle upon Tyne Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2020 xiii, 544 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier How is a society historically formed? How are its historical references, its economy, its social structures, and its language shaped? This book explores these general questions with reference to the case of the Modern Greeks. Who were they? How did they re-emerge on the historical stage after centuries of obscurity since the decline of Antiquity? How was the phenomenon described as New Hellenism historically shaped? What were the historical processes that enabled the New Hellenes to differentiate themselves from the Ottoman system of rule and become distinct from the other Balkan national and Geschichte 1400-1820 gnd rswk-swf Fremdherrschaft (DE-588)4490783-7 gnd rswk-swf Kulturelle Identität (DE-588)4033542-2 gnd rswk-swf Griechenland (DE-588)4022047-3 gnd rswk-swf Greece / History / 1453-1821 Griechenland (DE-588)4022047-3 g Kulturelle Identität (DE-588)4033542-2 s Fremdherrschaft (DE-588)4490783-7 s Geschichte 1400-1820 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032598474&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032598474&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032598474&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Pizanias, Petros Th. 1947- The making of the modern Greeks 1400-1820 Fremdherrschaft (DE-588)4490783-7 gnd Kulturelle Identität (DE-588)4033542-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4490783-7 (DE-588)4033542-2 (DE-588)4022047-3 |
| title | The making of the modern Greeks 1400-1820 |
| title_auth | The making of the modern Greeks 1400-1820 |
| title_exact_search | The making of the modern Greeks 1400-1820 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The making of the modern Greeks 1400-1820 |
| title_full | The making of the modern Greeks 1400-1820 by Petros T. Pizanias |
| title_fullStr | The making of the modern Greeks 1400-1820 by Petros T. Pizanias |
| title_full_unstemmed | The making of the modern Greeks 1400-1820 by Petros T. Pizanias |
| title_short | The making of the modern Greeks |
| title_sort | the making of the modern greeks 1400 1820 |
| title_sub | 1400-1820 |
| topic | Fremdherrschaft (DE-588)4490783-7 gnd Kulturelle Identität (DE-588)4033542-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Fremdherrschaft Kulturelle Identität Griechenland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032598474&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032598474&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032598474&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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