Russia in war and revolution: the memoirs of Fyodor Sergeyevich Olferieff
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Stanford, California
Hoover Institution Press
[2021]
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| Series: | Hoover Institution Press publication
no. 710 |
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| Physical Description: | lvi, 614 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts |
| ISBN: | 9780817923648 |
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| adam_text | Contents FOREWORD к Anatol Shmelev TRANSLATOR’S FOREWORD xi Tanya Alexandra Cameron INTRODUCTION: The End. of Imperial Russia xiii Gary M. Hamburg THE MEMOIRS OF FYODOR SERGEYEVICH OLFERIEFF 1 Translated by Tanya Alexandra Cameron CHILDHOOD Sashutka: 1894-1902 3 3 6 8 11 15 Early Remembrances Rzhev: 1891—93 The New Location: 1893 My Friends: 1893—98 Mens Sano in Corpore Sano 20 Not Enough Land TJ The Landed Gentry Our Establishment 31 36 Faith, Tsar, and Fatherland 40 Instruction Is Light, and Ignorance Is Darkness 47
Contents VI YOUTH Page Corps: The First Steps 53 My Page Comrades 53 56 Aleksandr Verkhovsky 64 More on the Page Corps The Arrival ofthe Emperor 71 82 The Heir Is Born 85 A Shot Fired 92 98 Tsarskoe Selo MY YOUTH IN THE HORSE GRENADIER REGIMENT To Drink to Russia Is a Joy In Defense ofthe Throne Nicholas Our Tsar-Father 107 107 116 Yanov 125 134 141 Tempted by Sin 146 An Arshin Eight THE BEGINNING OF A VITAL STRUGGLE Livonia 159 159 Reaction: 1906—10 185 FAMILY AFFAIRS Marusia Grevens 189 194 Abroad 199 THE IMPERIAL NICHOLAS MILITARY ACADEMY The Living Corpse 205 221 The Trial ofHonor 227 WARSAW 1914 237
Contents TO WAR Pre-Mobilization Period September 1957 Mobilization: The First Fiasco Cavalry Action THE SECOND ARMY ATTACKS vii 245 245 248 251 255 Remote Reconnaissance 263 269 272 Catastrophe FIT In the Turkestan Corps 284 291 295 310 316 “And His Own Received Him Not” Staffofthe Corps The Battle ofPrzasnysz Withdrawalfrom Poland Into Aviation THE BEGINNING OFTHE END 329 THE END Action and Counteraction 343 350 355 361 The Revolution Is Deepening 367 The End Comes to Supreme Headquarters 375 382 391 402 406 411 Kerensky’s Times: The Inverted Pyramid The Cradle ofthe White Army At the Crossroads Terror in Kiev: January 1918 The German Occupation In the Kirpichev Squad Everything Is Permitted to a Woman ODESSA 1919 Farewell Native Land 415 418
viii Contents EPILOGUE: Escape, Travels, and Life in the United States 425 Tanya Alexandra Cameron A BROKEN LIFE 437 Gary M. Hamburg ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS 585 INDEX 587
Index abdication Aleksandrovich, M., in, 347 Alekseev and, 344-46, 514, 516, 519-26 Army in, 344-46, 345nn2-3, 346nn4-5, 348-49 A Broken Life on, 514, 516, 519-27, 540 Brusilov and, 140-41, 352 February/March 1917 revolution and, lvnl 11, xliv, xlviii, 343-50, 345n2, 521-27 Fedorovna, M., and, 347 Lvov and, 347n7, 347-48 Nikolaevich, N., and, 347-48 See ako the end Academy of Arts, 476—77 Academy of Sciences, 212nl4, 383n43 action and counteraction arrests in, 364-65, 365nn21-22 aviation related to, 362nl9, 362-63 the front and, 365-67 God in, 362, 362nl6 improvisation in, 363-64 with Kornilov, 362, 362nl7 in Moscow, 361-62, 362nl8 Reconnaissance Division in, 365-66 revolutionary discipline and, 366-67 Verkhovsky in, 364n20, 364-65 See ako revolution deepening Aistov, Nikolai Sergeevich, 82-83, 84 Aksakov, Sergei Timofeevich, 447 alcohol, 41—42 childhood friends and, 15-16, I6nnl2-l4 in Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 109-15, 122, 172, 172nl0 Nicholas II and, 127, 132-33 Aleksander III (tsar), xxiv, 113, 233, 375, 375ո34, 539 death of, 43-44, 451, 540 Fundamental Laws and, xviii—xix monuments to, 480-81 Aleksandr Nevskii medal, xxxiv Aleksandra (empress, tsarina). See Fedorovna, Aleksandra Aleksandrov, Kirill, 513 Aleksandrovich, Aleksei (grand duke), 89 Aleksandrovich, Mikhail (Misha) (grand duke), xliv, 89, 337nl3, 347 Aleksandrovich, Nikolai. See Nicholas II Aleksandrovich, Sergei (grand duke), 185, 185n21 Aleksandrovich, Vladimir (grand duke), 97, 156 Aleksandrovna, Oľga (grand duchess), 455 Aleksandrovsky Palace children at, 99 Frederiks at, 105-6 Holy Week at, 104-5 layout
of, 99 modesty of, 99 Alekseev, Mikhail Vasiľevich (general), xv, xvi, 267n7, 285, 285n23 abdication and, 344-46, 514, 516, 519—26 A Broken Life on, 492, 501, 505, 512, 520-26, 529-30, 537, 550-51, 574nl71, 577n255 critics of, 335-36 in crossroads, 389n49, 389-91 Diterikhs and, 382, 551 illness of, 338-39, 513 Kaledin and, 386, 550—51 Kornilov and, 365, 550-51
588 Alekseev, Mikhail Vasiľevich (general) (cont.) meeting with, 390 in Poland withdrawal, 312 Provisional Government and, 528 replacement of, 352-53, 353n9 Ruzskii and, 491-92, 512, 513-14, 577n255 spring offensive and, 528 Supreme Commander and, 348, 574nl71 Tsikhovich on, 288-89 Alebei (heir), 224, 224n35, 350, 514, 525 See ako heir’s christening Alexander (Grand Duke), 429 Alexander I (emperor), 53-54 devotion to, 482 Alexander III. See Alebander III All-Russian Council of Aviation, 533 All-Russian Genealogical Tree, 439-40 Alvensleben, Werner von (general), 402, 414, 554 ambassadors, 96-97 American emp!oyment fencing in, 429, 430, 430 for Masha, 431, 433 for Olferieff, E, 426-31, 433 for Olferieff, Marusia, 427-28, 429, 432, 433 for Olferieff, Shura, 431, 433 ammunition, 330, 501 in Poland withdrawal, 311-13, 312n36, 316 ammunition transport, 120nl4, 120-22 amnesty, xlv Andreevich, Andrei, 48, 189 Andreevna, Olga, 48, 51 Andronikov, Mikhail Mikhailovich (prince), 225, 477-78, 571nll4 Anselm, General, 415-16 anti-Semitism. See pogroms apocalypticism, 443^4 appointments, 491 aviation related to, 319, 323, 324-25, 355 for remote reconnaissance, 272 Apukhtin, Kostia, 343-44 Army in abdication, 344-46, 345nn2—3, 346nn4-5, 348-49 career, 190 farewell address to, 349 in 1906-1910, 187-88 See ako Red Army; White army; specific topics Vrnol’d, Antonina von, 441 irnoľd, Roman Apollonovich von, 441 rrests in action and counteraction, 364-65, 365nn21-22 Index to Forest Brothers related to, 168-69, 171, 466 of generals, 538 of Nicholas II, 350, 510, 525 Arsen’ev (“Komar”), 150,
150n37 arshin eight, 134n24 See ako horseback riding Artamonov, General, 279-80, 282 A Broken Life on, 490 artillery, 311 in Battle of Przasnysz, 297, 306-7 in great retreat, 499-500, 505—6 in War Academy, 214 artillery and infantry coordination, 473-74 Artsybashev, Mikhail Petrovich, 152, 152n38 Ascher, Abraham, xviii, xxiii, xxv, xxvi, xxx, xxxii assassinations of Alebandrovich, S., 185, 185n21 oflgnatev, A. P, 185, 185n22 of Pleve, 185, 185n23 ofStolypin, xxiv, 185, 185n24 Assembly of Russian Factory and Mill Workers, xxiii Associated Oil, 426-29 Augusta (empress), 245 Augustów Woods, 219, 219n26, 498-99 Austria, xxxvi-xxxix, 310, 486 Kiev terror and, 393, 393n53 Austria-Hungary, 283-84, 284nn 19-21 aviation, 502-3, 533 action and counteraction related to, 362nl9, 362-63 appointments related to, 319, 323, 324-25, 355 commander of, 319, 319n44 in the end, 362nl9, 362—63 of Germany, 318, 318n42, 504 group flight in, 320n45, 320-21 hangars in, 324 Ilia Muromets-type airplanes in, 322nn49֊50, 322-24 information from, 318 inspection of, 358 Kruten in, 316n38, 316-17, 502, 504 Lukomsky in, 325n52, 325-27 Nieuport-type fighter planes in, 322, 322n48 “place of arms” and, 321, 321n47 reconnaissance after, 326 reports on, 319, 326-27 strafing in, 321, 321n46 wages in, 363 work ethic in, 320 aviation conference, 362-63, 533
Index Bagratuni, Lieutenant Colonel, 292 Balkans, 485, 486 ball, 482-83 ballet, 83 Baranenok, Van’ka, 12n7, 13-14 Baranovskii, Vladimir Lvovich (Baranovsky), 333, 351, 507-8 Barracks Park, 121-23 bashlyk (Caucasian hood), 121, 121nl5 Bataan Death March, 433 Batezatul, Misha, 156,156n44 Battle of Baranovichi, 338, 345n2, 504 Battle of Kulikovo, 20n30, 26 Battle ofMlawa, 252-55,253 Battle of Przasnysz, 318 alarm in, 300 artillery in, 297, 306-7 attack in, 305-6 A Broken Life on, 497—98 casualties at, 307-8, 308n34, 504 children related to, 307, 307nn32-33 church in, 298 Ciechanow-Przasnysz road in, 299-300, ՅՕՕոՅՕ communication on, 299,301 conversation in, ՅՕՅոՅ 1, 303-4 dispositions in, 299 February 10, 1915 position in, 296 February 13, 1915 in, 298,299 February 17, 1915 in, 306 food in, 303 frontal attacks before, 295-97 heavy artillery in, 297 information on, 297 initiative after, 309 Kremenetsky in, 302, 305-6 maps of, 298f, 300f, 306f mistakes related to, 309-10 morale after, 309 morning after, 307-8 occupation in, 300 orders and, 297-98,298, 301, 305, 309 prisoners from, 309-10 reconnoiter in, 298 reinforcements in, 302 replacements for, 304-5 rifle instruction in, 304-5 strategy in, 298-99 surrender after, 308 surround in, 301 trenches in, 301-5 Tsikhovich in, 296—97, 301, 302 battles, 213, 213nnl6-17 Roop in, 258-60 bear hunt, 170n9, 170-71 589 beginning of end, 329, 329nnl-2 arms and ammunition related to, 330 authority in, 335-36 communication in, 332-33 courage in, 331, 331 n3 desertion and, 330 fear in, 332 Governor’s House in, 333 Gurko, V, on, 336-37, 337nl2
Gutor in, 341, 34lnl9 hope in, 340 hostility in, 333 Hughes instrument in, 339, 339nl6 Laidoner in, 331n4, 331-32 machinery of, 330-31 Nadezhnyi in, 334, 334n6 Nicholas II in, 333-35, 337nnl2-14, 337-38, 339, 341 prisoners in, 340nl8, 340-41 Protopopov in, 332, 332n5 Provincial Government in, 333 rebellion in, 339, 341, 341nl9 reports in, 333-34 Beletskii, Stepan Petrovich, 477 Belgium, 218-19 Beliaev, Timofei Mikhailovich (general), 478, 57ІПІ14 Belogostitsky, Father, 77-78 Benkendorf, Pavel Konstantinovich, 485 Ber, Misha, 134n24, 134-35 Berdichev, 343, 353, 519-24 Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von, 484—85 biographical information, 439—42 biplane, 282, 282nl6 “black earth” zone, 216, 216n21 Blanche, Mademoiselle, 5-6, 7, 15, 18, 19, 34 Blobaum, Robert, xxiv, xxv “Bloody Sunday,” xxii, xxiii, 457 Bobrinskii, Aleksei Aleksandrovich, 554 Bolshevik Communist Party, xxi, 400n63 Bonch-Bruevich with, 376, 376n37 in Kiev, 547-49 murders by, 417 power for, 535 railroad bridge for, 419 Red Army and, 418-19 Ukrainian Army against, 384, 384n45 Bonch-Bruevich, Mikhail Dmitrievich, 208, 208n6 Bolshevik Communist Party with, 376, 376n37 A Broken Life on, 474, 496 Bordakov, Fedor Evdokimovich, 54 Borisov, General, 352-53 Borodino centenary celebrations, 481-82 Bosnian annexation, xxxvi-xxxvii
590 boundaries, land scarcity and, 27-29 Boxer Rebellion (1900-01), 240n4, 264n2 Brandt, Colonel, 323-24 A Broken Life (Hamburg) on abdication, 514, 516, 519-27, 540 on Academy of Arts, 476-77 on Aleksander III, 480-81 on Alekseev, 492, 501, 505, 512, 520-26, 529-30, 537, 550-51, 574nl71, 577n255 on Alexander I, 482 on All-Russian Genealogical Tree, 439-^0 on apocalypticism, 443-44 on Artamonov, 490 on Augustów Woods, 498-99 on aviation, 502-4 on Balkans, 485, 486 on Batde of Przasnysz, 497-98 on Bethmann-Hollweg, 484-85 on biographical information, 439-42 on Bonch-Bruevich, 474, 496 on Borodino centenary celebrations, 481-82 on Brusilov, 460, 504, 511,519, 535, 568n64 on church, 448, 455, 481, 551, 555 on Constituent Assembly, 463, 538-39 on coup d’état, 509-10 on Cuban missile crisis, 444-^15 on demonstrations, 512—16 on Denikin, 492, 535-38, 543, 545, 551, 560, 582n360 on desertions, 506 on Dolgorukov, 479, 583n380 on Doné, 479-80 on Dukhonin, 537, 540-45 on Dukhonin, N. N., 494—95, 537, 540^5, 568n64 on Durnovo, 485-86 on Eastern Prussia, 473 on Elchaninov, 474, 570n95 on Farrar, 474-75 on food scarcity, 512-13, 514-16 on Forest Brothers, 466 on Galenko, 479 on Goremykin, 477, 494-95 on great retreat, 498-500, 505-6 on Guchkov, 476-77, 492-93, 510, 530 on horse-races, 459, 462 on Ianushkevich, 473, 501, 505 on Ignat’ev, A. A., 453-57, 472-73 on individual initiative, 474 on Kazarinov, 479-80 on Keller, 556-57 on Kerensky, 507-8, 533-34, 536-38, 540-42 Index on Khabalov, 577n255 on Kiev, 545-48 on Kiev Military Academy, 456 on Kornilov, 531-34, 536-37, 541, 543, 550-51
on Krasnoe Selo, 461-62 on Kronstadt mutiny, 462-64 on land captain, 448—49 on Lenin, 438, 542 on Liubomirov, 490 on the living corpse, 475-76 on Lukomsky, 503, 504-5, 522, 560 on Makarov, A. A., 476 on Mann, H., 487, 573nl54 on Mann, T., 486-87 on maps, 442-43 on memoir, 442, 444-Л6 on Miasoedov, 495-96 on Miscellany ofthe Union ofPages, 440-41 on mistakes, 442, 464-65, 509, 520, 539^40, 545-46, 550 on morale, 511-12 on Nicholas II, 459-60, 476-77, 482—83, 485, 506-8, 516-22, 525, 555, 568n59, 577n261 on Nikolaevich, N., 494-96, 500, 505, 506, 514, 524, 528, 529, 547, 568n64 on non-noble officers, 478-79 on Novoselov, 57ІПІ03 on O’Connor, 567n27 on Page Corps, 440-41, 454-55, 456 on Page Corps comrades, 452-54, 457 on Petliura, 547, 555-58 on pogroms, 461, 558-59 on political fracture, 500—501 on politics, 506-8 on Poiivanov, 478, 492-93, 574nl80 on Protopopov, 506-7, 510, 515 on Rasputin, 476-78, 501nl03, 505, 507 on reaction, 467-70 on Rennenkampf 489-90 on retreat, 490, 498-501 on Revolution, 437-39 on Rodzianko, 456, 477, 482, 516-17, 521,550 on Romanov dynasty jubilee, 482-83 on Russian memoirs, 445-46 on Ruzsky, 491-92, 497, 511, 512, 513-14, 561-62, 577n255 on sale of offices, 477 on Samsonov, 488—90 on Stanislavskii, 570n98 on Steinberg, J. W., 478 on Stolypin, 449, 468-69, 571nll4 on Sukhomlinov, 480, 496 on Tarnopol, 519-20, 532
Index on Tolstoy, L., 447-48, 464, 475, 498, 527-28, 570ո98 on Tolstoy, P. M., 493-94,496 on Trubetskoi, S. N., 568ո59 on Ukrainian Rada, 547-48, 552 on village, 446—47, 483 on Vyrubov, 493-95, 537-38 on women, 437-38 on Zemgor, 493-94, 505, 510 on Zhilinskii, 490 Brusilov, Aleksei Alekseevich (general), 353n9 abdication and, 140-41, 352 Alekseev and, 353, 519 A Broken Life on, 460, 504, 511, 519, 535, 568n64 demands of, 135-39, 340, 345, 353, 353Ш0 on horseback riding, 135-41, 139nn31-32 promotion of, 460, 568n64 replacement of, 364 Bubnov, Aleksandr Dmitrievich, 506 Bubnov, Mikhail Vladimirovich, 528 Budberg, Nikolai Aleksandrovich (baron), 108, 157-58, 464 Bulgakov, Mikhail Afanas’evich, 439 Bulgaria, 485 Bunchuk (horse), 136n27, 136-37, 142 Bunin, Ivan Alekseevich, 438-39 Bushnell, John, 458 Buturlin, Vasia, 68, 68nl2 Cabinet Ministers, 295, 332 Cadets. See Constitutional Democrats calendar, xvii—xviii Cameron, Tanya Alexandra, xvii, 439, 564 capital punishment, 181, 465, 467, 533-34 Christianity and, 201—2 card games, 406, 435 casualties, xxxix at Battle of Baranovichi, 504 at Batde of Przasnysz, 307-8, 308п34, 504 of cavalry, 259 at Tannenberg, 489 catastrophe adaptability and, 281 aircraft and, 281-82, 282nl6 Austria-Hungary related to, 283-84, 284nnl9-21 baggage wagons retreat before, 278 Chief of Staff before, 278 commanders and, 281 dam and, 279 diplomacy and, 281 discipline and, 283 disorder before, 278-79 friend at, 279 591 Glukhovsky Dragoons before, 277-78 ignorance and, 281-82 individual initiative related to, 282-83 literacy related to, 283, 283nl8, 490-91
Ludendorff on, 282, 282nl7 news on,279-80 opinion of, 280-81 problem related to, 281 Cathedral of Ascension, 551 Cathedral of Christ the Savior, 481 Catherine the Great, 234, 234n38, 369, 369n24, 483 Caucasian hood {bashlyk ), 121, 12ІПІ5 cavalry, 214, 220n28, 220-21 advance guard of, 257-58 arms of, 261 border crossing by, 257, 261 casualties of, 259 caution of, 257 confhsion and, 256 dam and, 259, 259n5, 261 disorder of, 258-59, 259n4 evacuation of, 260—61 fear and, 257-58 on foreign land, 257 machine-gun fire at, 258 maintenance of, 474 order refusal for, 260 orders for, 259-60 patrol guard of, 263 reconnaissance patrols of, 256 cavalry action delay of, 255 into Eastern Prussia, 255-56 Novogeorgievsk—Osovets and, 255 cavalry and infantry colonel. See rotmistr cavalry sergeant-major. See Vakhmistr Charles XII of Sweden (king), 217 Chebykin, Pavel Aleksandrovich (colonel), 377, 543 Chernov, Viktor, 541 Chernykh (Khokhol), 173, 173nll, 175 Chertopkhanov, 33-34, 450 Chief of Staff, 240n4, 240-41, 537 childbirth, 23-24 childhood, xiii birth in, 440, 447 Blanche in, 5-6, 7, 15, 18, 19, 34 carriage accident in, 3 church in, 3^i, 7, 40-42, 41n40, 44, 448 clothes in, 14-15 early remembrances in, 3-6 French language in, 5-6 God in, 7-8 horses in, 6 house fire in, 6, 447
592 Index childhood {cont.) labor in, 14 land scarcity and, 27-31, 449 Lilia in, 4 mother in, 3, 5, 7, 8, 13, 16nl4, 16-17, 27 nurse in, 7-8, 447 pranks in, 4-5,447 siblings in, 4, 7, 8 soldiers in, 6-7, 8,18 See ako Olfer’ev, Sergei Nikolaevich childhood estate (Kurchino) (1893) development of, 37 district chief at, 9, 9n3 expenses of, 37-39, 38n38 fence at, 192, 193 forests at, 10-11 grain market and, 38, 38n38 horses at, 8-9 without labor, 189 labor for, 38-39 land captain of, 448^19 memories at, 191-92 money in, 189-90 overgrowth at, 191-92 Pavlov, I., at, 193-94 peasants and, 9, 11 photograph at, 191 provincial head for, 8, 9-10 purchase of, 37 railroad near, 38, 38n39 rituals at, 11 road to, 9, 9n2 sale of, 190, 191 servants at, 9, 10, 10n5 treats at, 10, 10n6 village at, 192-94, 446—47 visit to, 191-94, 193n3, 194n4 childhood friends (1893-1898), 15nll activities with, 12, 12n8 alcohol and, 15-16, 16nnl2-l4 Baranenok as, 12n7, 13-14 costumes for, 18 death of, 13, 24 “dirty stories” of, 12 education and, 18, 19 Enamushkaas, 12n7, 13 feet and, 15 food for, 17, 17nl5 growing up and, 19-20 Kokorevas, 12, 12n7, 15 loss of, 19, 19nl7 Matveevas, 12n7, 12-13 names related to, 448—49 Page Corps comrades compared to, 59, 59n7 Pavlov, I., as, 13-14 peasants as, 11-12, 12n7 poverty of, 13, 17, 449 pranks with, 18 respect from, 14 reunion with, 20, 20nl8 Sashutka as, 15nll, 17nl5, 17-20, 18nl6, 19nl7, 20nl8 Sinev as, 12n7, 13 singing about, 14 soldier games with, 18 in winter, 19 Zadornyi as, 14, 14nl0 children at Aleksandrovsky Palace, 99 Battle of Przasnysz related to, 307,
307nn32֊33 of Jews, 145—46 See ako childhood friends; Olferielf, Aleksandra; Olferielf, Mary (Masha); Olferieff, Sergei China, 206nl Boxer Rebellion of, 264n2 Mukden in, 213, 213nl7 population of, 249 Christianity capital punishment and, 201-2 See ako God church, 389, 389n49 in Battle of Przasnysz, 298 A Broken Life on, 448, 455, 481, 551, 555 Cathedral of Christ the Savior, 481 in childhood, 3-4, 7, 40-42, 4ln40, 44, 448 marriage and, 204 music in, 79-80 oath in, 44 in Page Corps, 455 Simansky, S. V., 336, 336n8, 509 Circum-Baikal Railway, 215, 215n 18 civil unrest, 465 among peasants, xxiii-xxiv, xxv, 118, 118n9, 373-75 among sailors, 123-25, 462-63 civil wars, xvi-xvii, xlix-1 class. See social class Clausewitz, Karl von, 208, 208n4, 209, 473 Club of Nobility, 234, 234n37 Coast and Geodetic Survey, U.S., 431 commanders, 247-48, 281, 502 of aviation, 319, 319n44 in Livonia, 162-63, 169 of regiment, 227-28, 230-32 ofTurkestan Corps, 284, 286, 288, 290—91 See ако Supreme Command communication on Battle of Przasnysz, 299, 301 in beginning of end, 332-33
Index Congress of City Council Representatives, xxii Constituent Assembly, xxiv, xlvi-xlvii, 375, 463, 538-39 “Constitutional Assembly of the All-Russian Peasants Union,” xxiv Constitutional Democrats (Cadets, Kadets), xx, xxxv, 383ո43 consumption, 235, 235ո39 Corcovado, SS, 420-21, 564 Corps staff Bagratuni in, 292 control and, 294 gossip among, 294-95 money and, 292-93 optimism of, 293-94 Ponyrko in, 292-93 reputation of, 293 Sheideman in, 291-92 Tolstoy, R M., and, 292, 293-95 Zem-Hussars and, 294, 294nn28-29, 294-95 See ако Tsikhovich, Yanuary Kazimirovich Cossacks, 112, 385n46, 407, 515-16, 551 in second army attacks, 264-65 Voiskovoi Krug of, 386n48, 386—87 counterrevolutionary nationalist movement, xl, 383n42, 555-56 county councils. See land councils coup d’état, 509—10 cow, for taxes, 46 Craig, Gordon, 484—85 Crimea, xlix crossroads Alekseev in, 389n49, 389-91 authority in, 383nn42-43, 383-84 Diterikhs in, 382, 389n50, 389-91 Donets Basin in, 385n46, 385-86 Kornilov in, 388 normalcy in, 388 registration in, 388 slogan in, 388-89 terrorists in, 387-88 Ukrainian Rada in, 383, 383n41, 547-48, 552 Voiskovoi Krug in, 386n48, 386-87 Cuban missile crisis, 444-45 Czernowitz (Chernovtsy), Bukovina, 355, 355nl3, 358, 531-32 D., Prince, 227-28, 479 Dan, Fedor Il’ich, 541 dancing, 82-84 Danilov, Yury Nikiforovich, 329, 329n2 Danilovsky, Anatoly Alekseevich (Totoshka), 54, 54n3, 56 d’Anselme, Philippe Henri-Joseph, 559-60 593 Dardanelles, 274, 274nnl2-l4 dates, xvii-xviii deaths, 13, 71nl3, 236 of Aleksander III, 43—44, 451, 540 in civil wars, xlix of Dukhonin, 377-78, 380,
540, 543-45 of Kaledin, 386-87, 545, 546 of Kerensky, 368n23 of Konstantinovich, 82 mourning after, 24—25 of Nicholas II, 43^4, 555 of Olfer’ev, S. N., 39, 69, 105 of Olferieff, E, 435 of Olferieff, Marusia, 435 of Olferieff, Sergei, 433 saikus related to, 380 in Supreme Headquarters’ end, 377-79, 379n39, 380 in village, 483 See also assassinations; capital punishment; murders December 1917. See crossroads Decembrists, 63 Declaration of March 3, xliv-xlvi decolonization, xli, xlix defense, 473 gates for, 116 Delta Upsilon fraternity, 431 demonstrations, 339, 512-16 Denikin, Anton Ivanovich, xvi, 353, 353nl 1 A Broken Life on, 492, 535-38, 543, 545, 551, 560, 582n360 German occupation and, 404 in revolution deepening, 368-69 Volunteer Army and, 556 in White army cradle, 357-58 desertions, 330, 381, 506 d’Espèrey, Louis Franchet (general), 563 destruction. See pogroms Directory, 407, 555 crime in, 558-59 disciplinary battalion, 167 discipline, 366—67, 372 catastrophe and, 283 in regiment, 228-30 in revolution deepening, 535-36 Verkhovsky and, 69, 456-57 district chief (volostnoi starshind), 9, 9n3 Diterikhs, Mikhail Konstantinovich, 537, 545 Alekseev and, 382, 551 in crossroads, 382, 389n49, 389-91 on Kerensky, 377 in revolution deepening, 369n25, 369-70 Dolgorukov, Vasilii Andreevich, 479, 583n380 Dominican College (San Francisco), 428
594 Index Don Cossacks, 385ո46, 407, 551 Doné, Cornet, 229-30, 479-80 Donets Basin, 216, 216n20, 385n46, 385-86 Donskoi, Boris Mikhailovich, 553 Doroshenko, Dmytro Ivanovich, 541 Dostoevskii, Fedor (Dostoevsky), 447, 544 double agents, 273, 495 Dowler, Wayne, 437 Dragomirov, Mikhail Ivanovich, 55, 55n6 blame from, 92, 92nn28-29 dragoons, 88, 276-78 Drenteln, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 106, 106n42 dressing gown (khaki), 119-20, 120nl3 drum majors, 200-201 dual power, xliv-xlv Dubenskii, Dmitrii Nikolaevich, 510, 526 Dubrovskii, Sergei Mitrofanovich, xxiii Dukhonin, Nikolai Nikolaevich (general), xv, 325n52, 368, 376 A Broken Life on, 494-95, 537, 540-45, 568n64 Chebykin and, 377 as Chief of Staff, 537 death of, 377-78, 380, 540, 543^5 Kerensky and, 368n23, 541-42 Kornilov and, 541, 543 Krylenko and, 378, 542-43 Odintsov and, 378 in revolution deepening, 367, 367n23 Dukhov, 165-66 Duma, 185n22, 222n32, 233n36, 292n27, 347n7, 469, 540 “Appeal to the People” in, xxvii-xxviii Cabinet Ministers and, 295, 332 February/March 1917 revolution and, xlii, xliv—xlviii Fourth, xxxii, 267n8, 332n5, 468 Great War and, xli-xlii, xliv Krylenko in, 375n35 Nicholas II and, xxvii-xxviii, 235, 349, 476-77 recall of, 500-501 Second, xxx-xxxi, 31, 119 Shulgin in, 344nl, 350 Stolypin and, xxx—xxxiii Third, xxxi-xxxii, 185n25, 185-86, 186n27, 232 voting for, xxvi Durnovo, Petr Nikolaevich, 485-86 Duveneck, Josephine, 430-31 Dybenko, Pavel Efimovich, 539 Izhunkovskii, Vladimir Fedorovich, 482 , Rotmistr, 226—27, 479 See abo trial of honor eagle eye, 112 Eastern Prussia, 250, 295-97, 473 cavalry action
into, 255-56 defeat in, 489-91 ecclesiastical procession, 95, 95n31 education, xiii, 196 childhood friends and, 18, 19 county council and, 48, 48n44 in Holy Scriptures, 50 illiteracy and, 47 about Jews, 50-51, 452 land councils and, 48, 48n44 of Olferieff, Masha, 428-29 Page Corps for, 48—49, 59, 59n7 Real Schools for, 49, 49n45 from Sadikov, 51n47, 51-52, 55, 452 of Shura, 427-28, 430, 431 from Stein, 49, 49n46 teacher training for, 48 from Turchaninov, 49-51 village school for, 47-^8 See abo literacy; Page Corps education Eichhorn, Hermann von, 553 Eizenshtein, Sergei, 481 Elchaninov, Andrei Georgievich (colonel), 215,218, 219,474, 570n95 11th Siberian Rifle Division, 287—88 Emmons, Terence, xx emotions, 126 Enamushka, Avdotia, 15nll, 15-17 Enamushka, Van’ka, 12n7, 13 “encounter battles,” 213, 474 the end confusion in, 348^19 disappointment in, 349 fantasy about, 344 Kerensky’s times in, 350-55 See abo action and counteraction; revolution deepening; Supreme Headquarters end Engelgardt, Boris Aleksandrovich (baron), 62 alcohol and, 109, 111-12 politics of, 456 singing by, 110, 113 withdrawal of, 108, 114, 115 England, 486 entrance exams for Page Corps, 54—55, 55n4, 452 for War Academy, 207, 471-72 Epanchin, Nikolai Alekseevich, 76, 91, 454 epidemics, 26, 416—17, 560 Erdeli, Vanechka, 373, 373nn31—32 Ershov, Lieutenant, 136-37, 149, 153 Ershov, Sasha, 199 escape, 425-26 Estonia, xxv, 331n4, 331-32
Index ethnic cleansing, 500 Evert, Aleksei Ermolaevich, 345, 345n2, 504 faith definition of, 40 everyday life in, 40 heresy and, 40 picture of, 40 priests sins and, 40-42, 41n40 in Russia’s old order foundation, 4ln49, 47, 49^2 family, 381-82, 391 See abo childhood; OlferiefF, Mary (Matusia) Grevens Farman, Henri, 282nl6 Farman, Maurice, 282nl6 Farrar, Lancelot L., 474—75 father. See Olfer’ev, Sergei Nikolaevich Fatherland, 526 concept of, 44-45 French against, 45 size of, 45 taxes for, 45-46 February/March 1917 revolution, xiv-xv, 371n30, 383n42 abdication and, bulli, xliv, xlviii, 343-50, 345n2, 521-27 certainty of, xli-xlii confhsion of, 350, 360, 512-13 conspiracy related to, xlii as decolonization, xli dual power before, xliv-xlv Duma and, xlii, xliv-xlviii, 350 February 19/March 4, 1917, 515 February 20-22 /March 5-7, 515 February 24/March 9,515 February 25/March 10, 515-16 February 26/March 11, 516-17 February 27-28/March 12-13, 518, 522 February 27/March 12, 513-14, 517 February 28/March 13, 519 March 1/14, 519-23, 529 March 1/15, 523 March 3/16, 525 March 8/21, 525-27 March 11/24, 528 March 14/27, 530 March 18/31, 528 March 22/April 4, 529 memories about, 518 military dictator in, 517-18 mutinies in, 516—19 Nicholas II and, 516—22 Order No. 1 and, 529 Order No. 114 in, 530 595 State Council in, 518 strikes in, 515—16 Fedia. See Olferielf, Fedor Sergeevich; specific topics Fedorovna, Aleksandra (aunt), 190-91 Fedorovna, Aleksandra (empress, tsarina), 89, 89n24, 100, 102 at ball, 482-83 character of, 101 conversations with, 131, 13ІПІ9, 154, 455, 456, 462 on
demonstrations, 516 hostilities and, 519, 577n261 against Nikolaevich, N., 494-95 Orlov and, 151-52 portraits of, 43, 43nn42-43 shooting near, 95-96 Fedorovna, Maria (empress), 88, 88n23, 347, 456 appearance of, 101, 103, 103n35 conversations with, 103, 103nn36-39, 105 languages of, 101, 103—4 mannerisms of, 101, 103 Mikhailovich, A., with, 519 promotion from, 107 Fedyshyn, Oleh, 552, 553-54 fencing, 429, 430, 430 field court-martial, 176-77, 181, 466-67 Filimonych, Pavel, 13, 13n9 FiUis, James, 135, 135n26 Fdonenko, Maksimilian Maksimilianovich, 535 Filosofov, Pavel Vladimirovich, 118, 118nl0, 119, 141—42, 458 Finland, xl, 118, 212nl5, 24ln5, 547 fires, 6, 447 I Don Regiment of Cossacks, 515-16 Flight (Bulgakov), 439 food, 22-23, 267, 303 at Novyi Shvaneburg estate, 172, 172nl0, 172-73 food scarcity, 236, 483 bread in, 394-95 A Broken Life on, 512-13, 514—16, 552 grain, 552 in Kiev terror, 394-95, 397 in Petrograd, 338-39 quality and, 22-23 Forest Brothers, xiv, xxv, 177-78, 465 arrest related to, 168-69, 171, 466 “Forward Theater,” 217 Fourth Duma, xxxii, 2б7п8, 332ո5, 468 fox, 171 France Joffre from, 462 Medvedev and, 418 revolution and, 418
596 Index Franz Ferdinand, Archduke, 245, 485 Frederiks (count), 105-6, 352 Frederiks, Vladimir Borisovich, 335, 335ո7, 508 freedom of speech, xlv Freidenberg, Henri (colonel), 418, 4l8nnl-2 visa from, 419 French against Fatherland, 45 occupation by, 562-63 Volunteer Army and, 563 French language, 101, 172 in childhood, 5-6 examination on, 54—55 of OlferiefF, Marusia, 421, 428-29 French Revolution, 373n33 Freydenberg, Henry (general), 562-63 Frierson, Cathy, 447 the front, 241 n6, 264, 402 action and counteraction and, 365-67 See also specific banks Fuller, William C., Jr., 464, 496 Fullon, Ivan Aleksandrovich, 96n32, 96-97 Fundamental Laws, xxvi-xxvii Aleksander III and, xviii-xix Galenko, Boris Vasil’evich, 479 Galicia, 283-84, 284nn 19-21 Gallwitz, Max von, 291, 291n26, 497 Ganin, Andrei Vladislavovich, 440, 471, 520 Gannibal, Abram Petrovich, 89, 89n26 Gapon, Georgii Apollonovich, xxiii Gartman, Karlusha, 108, 108n3 General Staff, xv description of, 205 in Kiev, 547 War Academy related to, 206 General Staff Academy, xiii-xiv, 440, 441 in Red Army, 520 See ako War Academy generals, 209 German border control, 252, 254-55 German doctor, 265n4, 265-66 German language, 49 German occupation, xlix, 552 Denikin and, 404 headquarters of, 402 money in, 405 mourning in, 406 nationalism in, 403 public order of, 402 restaurant work in, 405n64, 405-6, 555 Russian nationalism in, 553-54 Southwestern Front in, 402 Tsikhovich in, 404-5 Ukrainian Army and, 404-5 warnings in, 403 Germans in Kiev terror, 401, 401n63 power of, 179 during revolution, 181 Germany aviation of, 318, 318n42, 504
defeat of, 555 England against, 486 execution in, 201—2 imperialism of, xxxvii intelligence gathering on, 219 pre-mobilization period and, 246 revolution in, 406-7 Russian Germans against, 181-82 standard of living in, 200 travels in, 200n9, 200-202 Ukraine occupation by, xlix war with, xxxvi—xxxix, 213—14 Germogen, Bishop, 476 Gershelman (Gershel’man), Vasia, 88, 387-88, 550 Glinka, Mikhail Ivanovich, 482 Globova, Irina, xxxv Glukhovsky Dragoons, 277-78 God, 189, 189nl, 422n4, 422-23, 583n380 in action and counteraction, 362, 362nl6 in childhood, 7-8 poetry on, 234, 245, 341, 346, 482, 520 Rasputin and, 224 ofToIstoy, L., 447—48 Tsar related to, 42, 43, 450-51, 525-26 “God Save the Tsar,” 234, 245, 341, 346, 482, 520 gold dinnerware, 428 Gol’denveizer, Aleksei Aleksandrovich, 548-49, 558 Golovin, Nikolai Nikolaevich, 207n3, 207-8, 209, 210, 472-73, 570n89 Goremykin, Ivan Logginovich, 222, 222n32, 232 A Broken Life on, 477, 494-95 grain, 29, 29n31, 38, 38n38, 552 Grain Growers, 407-9, 411, 554, 557 grandfather, 36-37, 41 Turchaninov and, 50-51 great retreat, 498-500, 505-6 Great War army refhsal in, 205 casualties in, xxxix—xl Duma and, xli-xlii, xliv expectation of, 484 imperial army disintegration and, xv-xvi Kutepov in, 393n53 Northwestern Front in, 241n6
Index refogees in, xl responsibility for, xxxvii-xxxix revolution of 1917, xiv-xv See ako specific battles greed, 190-91 Greek Order of the Savior medal, 80, 81 Greens, 392, 392n51 Grenadiers. See Horse Grenadiers Regiment Grevens, Marusia academy and, 198-99 affection of, 194—95 agreement with, 199 appearance of, 194 Belgium trip for, 198-99 dining with, 195 education of, 196 forgiveness of, 195, 195n6 freedom of, 197 Horse Grenadiers Regiment and, 195—96, 199 independence of, 195, 195n6, 197 isolation of, 196 letters to, 199 marriage permission and, 199 museums with, 198 thoughts about, 196 travels of, 196-97 visits with, 196, 197, 197nn7-8 Grevs, Aleksandr Petrovich (general), 408, 408n67, 410, 556 Griboedov, 379, 379n39 Grigor’ev, Nikifor Aleksandrovich, 218, 562-63 Grishin-Almazov, Aleksei Nikolaevich, 559-60 Grodno, 473 Gromyko, Ivan Ilich, 343 Gröner, Wilhelm (general), 552 Grushevsky, Mikhail Sergeevich, 383n43, 383-84 Guchkov, Aleksandr Ivanovich, 186, 186n26, 350, 550 A Broken Life on, 476—77, 492—93, 510, 530 guidons, 245, 245nl Gurko, Iosif Vladimirovich, 336nll, 336—37 Gurko, Varvara Nikolaevna, 412, 414 Gurko, Vasily Iosifovich, 337, 337nl2, 509-10 Gurko, Vladimir Iosifovich, ЗЗбпІО, 336-38, 337nl2,509-10 Gutor, Aleksei Evgen’evich (general), 341, 34ІПІ9, 344, 520 gypsies expression of, 126-27 impression of, 126 597 Nicholas II with, 125-27 Shishkin with, 125 singing by, 125-27 Haimson, Leopold, xxxiv-xxxv hard rightists, xxxii—xxxiii Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi, 514—15, 577n24l hatred, 545 “A healthy mind in a healthy body” (Mens Sano in Corpore Sano), 20η 19 adultery
in, 25 bathing in, 22 Battle of Kulikovo and, 20n29, 26 childbirth in, 23-24 death in, 24-25 doctor in, 26, 26n29 epidemics in, 26 family in, 21-22 food in, 22-23 homestead in, 21, 21n23 manure in, 23 murders in, 25 peasant huts in, 20n20, 20-21, 21nn21-22 planter in, 21, 21n24 population increase in, 23 productivity in, 23 prostitution in, 25 sexuality in, 25-26 syphilis in, 25—26 winter in, 21 heirs christening (Aleksei), 455 assignment for, 89 cape accident at, 90 Court uniforms for, 87 footman at, 90 Greek queen at, 89-91 joking at, 90 meeting baby after, 91 morale related to, 85—86 Negroes and, 89, 89n26 at Peterhof Palace, 89 summons at, 90-91 train management at, 87-90 Heller, Michel, 438 Herzegovina annexation, xxxvi Herzen, Aleksandr Ivanovich, 437 Hidden Villa Ranch (Los Altos, California), 430-31 Hindenburg, Field Marshal, 282nl7 His Majesty’s Hussars, 97 History ofthe Page Corps (Shilder), 56, 57, 58 History ofthe Russian State (Karamzin), 540 Hollywood, California, 429, 430, 430 Holquist, Peter, 437 Holy Week, 419 at Aleksandrovsky Palace, 104-5
598 Index honesty, 77-78 Hoover Institution Archives, 441 hope, 511 in beginning of end, 340 horse, 6, 8-9, 141 Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 80-81, 101, 103, 103nn36֊38,458 advice in, 134n25, 134-35 alcohol in, 109-15, 122, 172, 172nl0 alienation in, 115-16 ammunition transport by, 120nl4, 120-22 Barracks Park and, 121-23 Budberg in, 108 duties of, 118 Engelgardt in, 108, 109, 110, 111-12, 113-14 expenses of, 129 as family, 115-16 first guard duty in, 118-19 first squadron of, 155n42, 155-56 Grevens and, 195-96, 199 gypsies with, 125-28 honors in, 150 horseback riding in, 134-40 human nature and, 116 leave from, 130, 183-84, 191-94, 199-204 music for, 109, 109nn4-7, 112-14, 125-28 Nicholas II with, 125-34,129, 138, 459-60 police and, 119-20 promotion to, 107-8, 108nnl-2 Regimental adjutant of, 162-63 romance in, 184 sailors against, 123-25, 462-63 Shults, S. R.,in, 110-11, 128, 128nnl6-17 singing in, 112-14 social class in, 114-15 third squadron of, 156, 156nn43—í4 tradition of, 115-16 uniforms for, 107, 187-88 Vasilchikov in, 111 vodka in, 108-9, 111 women in, 184 horse stud farm, 142-46, 460 horseback riding accident while, 136, 136n28 Ber on, 134n24, 134-35 Brusilov on, 135—41, 139nn31-32 Bunchuk in, 136n27, 136-37, 142 cult of, 135 disgrace in, 138—40 Fiilis system of, 135, 135n26 importance of, 142 Ivanovna and, 136, 136n28 jumping in, 135-39 Nikolaevich, N., on, 135-36, 138-39 Orlov and, 137-38 review of, 137-38 of Ulan Regiment, 137-38 Vinberg and, 137n29, 137-38 See aho Yanov horse-breaking, 144 horse-breeding, 142-43 horse-races A Broken Life on, 459, 462
commendation after, 150 Elagin Island after, 148^9 Ershov, L., and, 136-37, 149, 153 fhlfillment in, 154 lateness after, 149-50, 155 Nicholas II and, 150 opponent at, 147-48 Samarkand after, 149, I49n36 starting of, 147 steeple chase win in, 150 win at, 148, 154 woman at, 147—19 House of Romanov celebration, 233-34, 482-83 Hrushevsky, Mikhailo Serhiyovych, 547 Hughes instrument, 339, 339nl6 hunting, 164, 164n5, 170n9, 170-71 Ianushkevich, Nikolai Nikolaevich, 473, 501, 505 Ignatev, Aleksei Pavlovich, 34-35, 185, 185n22 Ignat’ev, Aleksei Alekseevich, 453-57, 472-73, 502 Ilia Muromets-type airplanes, 322nn49-50, 322-24 Iliodor, Hieromonk, 476 illness, 78-79, 428 of Alekseev, 338-39, 513 syphilis, 25-26 typhus epidemic, 416-17, 560 Imperial Nicholas Military Academy, 205-6 India, 133-34 individual initiative, 474 catastrophe related to, 282-83 War Academy and, 214 initiative, 214, 282-83, 309, 474 Innokentievich, Aleksandr, 288-89 instruction. See education “Interior Operational Lines,” 214-15 interrogation, 169, 268 Isarlov, Iosif Lukich, 178, 467 career of, 176-77 character of, 176
Index Ivanitsky-Vasilenko, Kolia, Зб, 3бп35 Ivanitsky-Vasilenko, Mitrofan Vasilevich, 35-36 Ivanitsky-Vasilenko, Pasha, 36, ЗбпЗб, 92-94 Ivanov, Grisha, 87, 87n20 Ivanov, Nikolai Iudovich, 124, 339, 339nl7, 463, 499-500 mutinies and, 517-18 Ivanovna, Tatiana, 7-8, 19-20, 50, 447 horseback riding and, 136, 136n28 Ivin, Sergei Leonidovich, 33-34, 450 Janów. See Yanov January 6, 1905, 95-97 Japan, 425 See abo Russo-Japanese war Jews, xx, xxi, xl, 114, 374 children of, 145-46 education about, 50-51, 452 opinion about, 45 prostitution by, 146 in secret service, 273 in Warsaw 1914, 238, 240, 240n3, 488 in Yanov, 142, l45nn34-35, 145-46, 460-61 Zelik, 108 See abo pogroms Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire (general), 462 John 1:11,269, 269n9 Jordan basin, 95, 95n30 “June 3 system,” xxxi-xxxii, xxxiv Kadets. See Constitutional Democrats Kaledin, Aleksei Maksimovich, 376, 376n38 Alekseev and, 386, 550-51 death of, 386-87, 545, 546 Kamenev, Private, 230, 232 Kamer-Pages, 65-66 Karamzin, Nikolai Mikhailovich, 540 Kazarinov, Mikhail Grigor’evich, 479-80 Kelchevsky, Colonel, 219, 219n26 Keller, Fedor Eduardovich (Fedor Arturovich), 406n65, 407-8,411 A Broken Life on, 554, 556-57 murder of, 557 in Page Corps, 75nl7, 75-76, 84 Kenez, Peter, 563 “Kerenskii offensive,” 532-33 Kerensky (Kerenskii), Aleksandr Fedorovich, 266-67, 267nn7-8, 370, 370n27 A Broken Life on, 507-8, 533-34, 536—38, 540-42 death of, 368n23 Diterikhs on, 377 Dukhonin and, 368n23, 541-42 Kornilov and, 364-65, 534, 536-38 599 portrait of, 361-62 principles of, 387-88 Kerensky’s times, 527-28 approval of, 350-51 Army Staff in,
355, 355nl3 army’s decay in, 351—52 Baranovsky and, 351 Borisov in, 352-53 danger in, 354 General Staff Headquarters in, 350 Rasputin related to, 354 saluting in, 351 Khabalov, Sergei Sergeevich (general), 515, 516, 517, 577n255 khaUt (dressing gown), 119-20, 120nl3 Kherson province, xxiv, 418, 562—63 Khristiani, Grigory Grigorevich, 208n9, 208-9 Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich, 274, 274nl3, 444 Khrustalev, Vladimir Nikolaevich, 526 Kiev, xvi Bolshevik Communist Party in, 547-49 General Staff in, 547 housing in, 546 scarcity in, 546-47 Kiev Military Academy, 456 Kiev terror: January 1918 apartment in, 391-92, 392n51 Austria and, 393, 393n52 Cheka in, 400n63, 400-401 family in, 393-95, 394n55 food scarcity in, 394-95, 397 Germans in, 401, 40In64 gunfire in, 396, 397, 397n60 Lenin and, 392 manual labor in, 394 money in, 393, 394-95, 395n56 murder in, 398, 400, 400n63 police station in, 395nn57-58, 395-96 population in, 392 Red Army in, 396-97, 398 Red Cross in, 399n61, 399-400 searches in, 397-98 Stefanovich in, 395n59, 395-96, 398 strike in, 396 weapons in, 397n60, 397-98 Kiev threat, 168-69 Kiiaschenko, Georgy Tityc, 370, 370n28, 537 Kirpichev, Lev Nilovich (colonel, general), 408, 408n66, 555-56 Kirpichev Squad, 555-57 barricade from, 408-9, 411 Directory and, 407 economics and, 407 German protection of, 410, 4l0n69
600 Kirpichev Squad {cont.) Grain Growers and, 407, 409, 411 money for, 408, 408n68 Russian Corps and, 407, 407n65 shooting at, 409-10 Skoropadsky and, 406-7 kisses, 184 kitel’ (uniformjacket), 153, 153ո41 Klembovskii, Vladislav Napoleonovich (general), 521 Kokorev, Pet’ka, 12, 12n7, 15 Kokorin, Nikolai Kirillovich, 502 Kokovtsov, Vladimir Nikolaevich, 571nl 14 Koliubakin, Boris Mikhailovich, 208n8, 208-9 Kollontai, Aleksandra Mikhailovna, 438 Konstantinovich, Konstantin Romanov (grand duke), 62, 63, 69, 76-79 audience with, 81, 455 A Broken Life on, 455 death of, 82 father and, 81 innovation from, 81-82 luncheon with, 80-81 Konstantinovich, Tatiana, 79-80 Konstantinovna, Olga (Greek queen), 79-81, 89-91,462 Konstantinovna, Vera (duchess), 80 Kornetik, 153, 153n40, 154 Kornilov, Lavr Georgievich (general), xv—xvi, 266n6, 266-67, 267n7, 355 action and counteraction with, 362, 362nl7 Alekseev and, 365, 550-51 A Broken Life on, 531-34, 536-37, 541, 543, 550-51 Dukhonin and, 541, 543 elevation of, 361, 36ІПІ5, 531, 533 ineffectiveness of, 364, 532 Kerensky and, 364—65, 534, 536—38 in prison, 373 in White army cradle, 356-57, 360-61 The Kornilov Affair (Kerenskii), 534 Kornilov Rebellion, 71 Kossopolianskaia, 32 Kovno fortress, 218 Kozlovskih Iakov Pavlovich, 495 Krasnoe Selo, 139n32, 139—40, 461-62 See abo horseback riding Krasnov, Petr Nikolaevich, 160, 160nnl-2, 160-62, 465 Krasovskii, Mikhail Iakovlevich, 412-13, 559 Kremenetsky, Colonel, 302, 305-6 Kronstadt mutiny, 462-64 Kropotkin, Petr Alekseevich, 63, 456 Krushevan, Povolaky, 163-64 Index Kruten, Lieutenant, 316n38,
316-17, 502-4 Kruzenshtern, Koko, 331-32, 506-7 Krylenko, Nikolai Vasilevich background of, 542 Dukhonin and, 378, 542^43 as Supreme Commander, 375, 375n35 Krylov, Mikhail Evgen’evich (Pristav), 516, 577n24l Krymov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich, 266n6, 266-67, 269 Kuchevsky, Vanechka, 410-11 kulaks, 186 Kurchino, See childhood estate Kuropatkin, Aleksei Nikolaevich, 92, 92nn27֊28, 338 Kusonskii (Kusonsky), Pavel Alekseevich, 404-5, 531, 537 Kustodiev, Boris Mikhailovich, 480 Kutepov, Aleksandr Pavlovich, 393, 393n54, 393-94 Kutuzov, Mikhail Illarionovich, 508 Kvetsinskii, Mikhail Fedorovich (general), 522 Laidoner, Ivan Iakovlevich (Laidoner, Johan), 331n4, 331-32, 506-7 Laiming, Gasha, 279 land councils (zemstvos), xix—xx, 194, 194n4 education and, 48, 48n44 Stolypin and, xxxiii Vyrubov and, 370n26, 371, 371n30 land scarcity boundaries and, 27-29 cereal grains and, 29, 29n31 crop division and, 30 holdings in, 30nn32-33, 30-31, 31n34 Moscow factories and, 30 peasants and, 27-31 plows and, 29 population increase and, 29 productivity and, 30, 30nn32-33 redistribution in, 31 rural community ownership in, 31, 31n34 Šalova and, 27 solutions for, 30 landed gentry, 31, 170,446,449,466 Ermolinskys as, 33 Ignatev, A. P„ as, 34—35 Ivanitsky-Vasilenko, M. V., and, 35-36 Ivin as, 33—34, 450 Kossopolianskaia as, 32 landlady as, 32 money for, 32 Potemkin as, 35 work of, 32-33 Žagariņa as, 33 Zhdanov and, 36, 36n37
Index languages, 49, 170, 172, 451-52 of Fedorovna, Maria, 101, 103—4 in Livonia, 159-60 Tula Province and, 163, 163nn3-4 See ako French language Latvia, xxv, 465-67, 536 leave, 69, 237-38, 336-38, 509 from Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 130, 183-84, 191-94, 199-204 Lebedeff, Ivan, 430, 430 Lebedev, Pavel Pavlovich, 345, 345n3 Lenin (Uhanov, Vladimir Il’ich), xxi, 182, 356 A Broken Life on, 438, 542 Kiev terror and, 392 security service of, 400, 400n62 in Supreme Headquarters’ end, 375-76, 376n36 Levushka, 131, 131n21, 157, 157n46 Liaoyang, 213, 213nl6 Lieven, Dominic, xxxvii-xxxviii, 485, 486 Life on Two Levels, An Autobiography (Duveneck, J.), 430-31 Life-Guardsmen (oprichniki), 119, 119nll Linevich, Nikolai Petrovich, 240n4, 240-41 List of General StaffOfficers, 440 literacy, 47, 446—47, 451-52 catastrophe related to, 283, 283nl8, 490-91 Little Russia. See Ukraine Liubomirov, General, 259 A Broken Life on, 490 news from, 280 Roop on, 260-61 the living corpse, 475-76, 565 Goremykin in, 222n32, 222-23 Menshikov in, 223, 223n33 Pobedonostsev in, 223-24, 224n34 portrait in, 221n30, 221—22, 475—76 Rasputin in, 224n35, 224-25, 476-78 regiment in, 226-27 Sukhomlinov in, 222, 222n31 The Living Corpse (Tolstoy, L.), 221, 475 Livonia, 157, 157n47, 157-58, 464-65 attack in, 166, I66n7 barracks in, 161 hear hunt in, 170n9, 170-71 cornets in, 164 duties in, 160—61 estate in, 159-60 hunting in, 164, 164n5 interrogation in, 169 Krasnov on, 160nnl—2, 160—62 languages in, 159-60 mail in, 161 maps in, 165 601 quarters in, 159 quietness in, 161-62 replacement in, 160 squadron commander in,
162—63, 169 students in, 165, 165n6, 165—66 teaching in, 164-65 See ako Forest Brothers; Novyi Shvaneburg estate local jail, 46 Lodyzhensky (aunt), 194 Los Angeles, California, 429 Lotots’kyi, Oleksandr Gnatovich, 541 Ludendorff, Erich, 282, 282nl7 Lukomsky (Lukomskii), Aleksandr Sergeevich (general), 325n52, 325-27, 352 A Broken Life on, 503, 504-5, 522, 560 hostility of, 503, 504-5 on Ukrainian Army, 404 Lupik, Voldemar execution of, 179—80, 367, 467 grave of, 180—81 guilt of, 179, 181 identification with, 181 witnesses against, 177-78 Lvov, Georgy Evgen’evich (prince), 347n7, 347-48, 510 L’vovna, Oľga, 507-8 Lyons, M., 441 Macey, David, xxx Mackensen, August von, 499-500, 505 Makarov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 476 Makarov, Iurii Vladimirovich, 462 Maklakov, Nikolai Alekseevich, 493 Malia, Martin, 437 Maltese Knights, 53 Mamontov, Konstantin Konstantinovich, 387, 387n49 Manchuria, 206nl Liaoyang in, 213, 213n 16 “Manchurian Box,” 206, 206nl Mandel’shtam, Osip, 439 Mandryka, Georgii Akimovich, 547 Manifesto of October 17, xxii-xxiii, xxv-xxvi Vinkler-Ulrich and, 132, 132n22 Mann, Heinrich, 487, 573nl54 Mann, Thomas, 486-87 Mannerheim, Carl Gustav Emil Von, 241, 24ln5, 246, 488 maps, 217, 217n23 of Battle of Przasnysz, 298f, 300f, 306f A Broken Life on, 442-43 in Livonia, 165 МагЫе Palace, 120, 122 marching, 201, 277, 458 Marconi, 73
602 Markov, Sergei Leonidovich, 353, 353nl2 Markowski, Artur, 461 marriage, 199, 470 church and, 204 Masha. See Olferieff, Mary (Masha) mass detention, 46 Matveev, Os’ka, 12n7, 12-13 Mazing, Misha, 155, 155n42 medals Aleksandr Nevskii, xxxiv Greek Order of the Savior, 80, 81 Order of St. Vladimir, 369, 369n24 Medvedev, Sergei Vladimirovich, 166-67, 167n8, 180,418 Mefody, Father, 40-42, 4ln40, 44 Meľgunov, Sergei Petrovich, 510, 530 memoir authenticity of, 445 censors of, 35 divisions of, 446 handwriting of, 442 of Ignatev, A. E, 35 motivation of, 445 perspective of, 444-45 reliability of, 445 structure of, 442 timeline of, 442, 445 type of, 445-46 memories, 4, 9-10, 448-49, 565 about February/March 1917 revolution, 518 at Kurchino, 191-92 in September 1957, 248-49, 251 Mendeleev, Dmitry Ivanovich, 216, 216n 19 Mens Sano in Corpore Sano. See “A healthy mind in a healthy body” Miasoedov, Sergei Nikolaevich, 295, 495—96 Miatlev, V E, 382, 415 Mikhailovich, Aleksandr (grand duke), 319, 319n44, 321-22, 323, 326 February/March 1917 revolution and, 519, 529, 577n261 Provisional Government against, 529-30 visits with, 324-25, 325n51, 340, 354-55 Mikhailovich, Lev, 180 Mikhailovich, Sergei, 348, 348n8 Mikhnevich, Nikolai Petrovich, 219—20, 220n27, 474-75 Miklashevskii, A. Z., 479 Miliakova, Lidiia, 559 military field courts (zakon o voenno-polevykh sudakh), xxviii-xxxi Military Judicial Academy, 231 military service, xiii-xiv, xlv military service registry, 440 Miliukov, Sergei Petrovich, 350, 510, 529 Index Miller, Burton Richard, xxiv Mints, Isaak Izrailevich, 437 Mironov, Boris
Nikolaevich, 451 Miscellany ofthe Union ofPages, 440-41 mistakes, 309-10 A Broken Life on, 442, 464-65, 509, 520, 539-40, 545-46, 550 mobilization fiasco Battle of Mlawa in, 253, 254—55 commencement of, 252 German border control in, 252, 254—55 Nicholas II and, 255, 485 normality before, 251 opposite orders in, 252-53 priest before, 251 reconnaissance squadron in, 252 Volynsky Ulan Regiment before, 251-52 war declaration and, 254 Mochalin, 228-30 Moltke, Helmuth Karl Bernhard Graf von, 208, 208n5, 473 money Corps staff and, 292-93 in francs, 418 in German occupation, 405 gold dinnerware as, 428 in Kiev terror, 393, 394-95, 395n56 for Kirpichev Squad, 408, 408n69 in Kurchino, 189-90 for landed gentry, 32 for peasant laborers, 466 regiment related to, 225 in revolution deepening, 372 for Russia farewell, 418, 419 Šalova, T. F. and, 161, 190, 469-70 moral questions, xiv morale, 85-86, 309 A Broken Life on, 511-12 Moscow action and counteraction in, 361-62, 362nl8 riots in, 94 theater in, 92-93 Moscow factories, 30 Moscow State Conference, 534 mother. See Šalova, Tatiana Fedorovna Mounted Grenadiers, 66-67 See aho Horse Grenadiers Regiment movie theaters, 235, 235n39 Mukden, 213, 213nl7 Mumm, Philip Alfons (baron), 552 Munholland, J. Kim, 560 murders, 25, 230 in Kiev terror, 398, 400, 400n63 of officers, xvii, 417, 549, 557—58, 561-62
Index music, 74, ПО in church, 79-80 for Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 109, 109nn4-7,112-14, 125-28 See abo singing mutinies, xlii, 462-64, 516-18 Nadezhnyi, Dmitry Nikolaevich, 334, 334n6 names, 194n5, 448^19 change of, 441, 564-65 national elections, xxvi National League for American Citizenship, 441 nationalism, 451 messianism from, 487 in western provinces, xl-xli Navrotsky, Rotmistr, 123, 176, 180 Navy, U.S., 220, 220n28 Negroes, 89, 89n26 Neimirok, Nikolai Zakhar’evich, 559-60 Nekrasov, Nikolai Vissarionovich, 510 Nekrich, Aleksandr, 438 Nemirovich-Danchenko, Vladimir Ivanovich, 570n98 Neniukov, Dmitrit Vsevolodovich, 582n360 Nesterovich-Berg, Marita Antonovna, 557-58 Nevsky Prospect, 234-35 Nezhentsev, Captain, 356-57 Nezhinsky Dragoon Regiment, 88 Neznamov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 499-500 Nicholas II (tsar), 100, 102, 131, 455-56, 577n261 alcohol and, 127, 132-33 arrest of, 350, 510, 525 in beginning of end, 333-35, 337nnl2-14, 337-38, 339, 341 A Broken Life on, 459-60, 476-77, 482-83, 485, 506-8, 516-22, 525, 555, 568n59, 577n261 court nobility of, 232-33, 233n36 death of, 43-44, 555 Duma and, xxvii-xxviii, 235, 349, 476-77 ecclesiastical procession with, 95, 95n31 father and, 43—44 February/March Revolution and, 516-22 flattery of, 233-34 Fundamental Laws and, xviii-xix Grenadiers with, 459 gypsies with, 125-27 at Headquarters, 338, 338nl5 His Majesty’s Hussars and, 97 Horse Grenadiers Regiment with, 125-34, 129, 138,459-60 horse-races and, 150 603 House of Romanov celebration for, 233-34, 482-83 on India, 133-34 laws and, 43 loyalty to, 132 the man, 335-36
Manifesto of October 17 from, xxii-xxiii, xxv-xxvi, 132, 132n22 mobilization fiasco and, 255, 485 Page Corps and, 62-63, 459 on parades, 133 Polivanov and, 285n24 Rasputin and, 235 regiments and, 132, 231-32 relationship with, 130 Roosevelt compared to, 42-43 servants of, 352 Supreme Command for, 329nnl-2, 329-30, 506-8 tact with, 134 troops and, 330 Trubetskoi, S. N., with, 568n59 Tsushima and, 133, 133n23 unawareness of, 233-35 with Verkhovsky, 70 See also abdication Nieuport, Charles, 322n48 Nieuport, Edouard, 322n48 nihilism, 51 Nikolaev, Andrei Borisovich, xlvi-xlviii Nikolaevich, Aleksandr, 503 Nikolaevich, Mikhail (grand duke), 503 Nikolaevich, Nikolai (grand duke), xv, xxvi, 230, 255 abdication and, 347—48 Aleksandra against, 494-95 A Broken Life on, 494-96, 500, 505, 506, 514, 524, 528, 529, 547, 568n64 on horseback riding, 135-36, 138-39 jealousy about, 295 Miasoedov and, 495—96 vigor of, 206 Nikolskii, Vladimir Pavlovich (general), 562 Nilov, Admiral, 335 1906-1910 army in, 187—88 assassinations and, 185 Guchkov in, 186, 186n26 landowners in, 186-87 professionals in, 186-87, 187n27 social class in, 187 society in, 186, 186n26 Third Duma in, 185n25, 185-86 Nirod, Aleksandr Nikolaevich, 144n33, 144-45 non-commissioned officers, 282
604 non-noble officers, 478-79 Novikov, Mikhail Mikhailovich, 93-94 Novocherkassk. See crossroads Novoe Vremia, 233, 352 Novogeorgievsk, 312-13 Novorossiisk, 416-17 Novoselov, Mikhail Aleksandrovich, 476, 57ІПІ03 Novyi Shvaneburg estate, 173nl 1 call to, 171-72 depositions and, 178 “esprit de corps” at, 174 food at, 172, 172nl0, 172-73 indictment at, 177 Isarlovat, 176-78 language at, 172 public execution at, 179nnl5-17, 179-81 purpose at, 172 singing at, 174nnl2-13, 174-75, 175nl4, 182-83 social class and, 175-76 spring at, 182-83 trial at, 177-78 woman at, 183, 183nnl9-20 See aho Lupik, Voldemar obschina (rural community ownership), 31, 31n34 Obukhova, Olga Alekseevna, 93 O’Connor, Alice Winifred, 567n27 “October” (film), 481 October 17 Manifesto, 132 October 1905 manifesto, 457 October Manifesto, 540 October revolution, 538—42 Octobrists. See Union of October 17 Odessa, xvi, xvii, 562-63 Odessa 1919 Grishin-Almazov and, 415-16 interpreter in, 415-16 Piatigorsk in, 417 typhus epidemic in, 416-17 Odintsov, Sergei Ivanovich (general), 378, 543 officers, 100, 102, 225-27, 285-86, 536 murder of, xvii, 417, 549, 557-58, 561-62 non-commissioned, 282 non-noble, 478-79 people compared to, 114 in revolution deepening, 368-69, 369n24 social class and, 167-68 in Ukraine, 554 See also War Academy Officers Club (San Francisco), 434, 434 officers’ commission, 67-68, 68nl2 Okhrana (political police), xxxiv Index Old Believers, 447 Old Ferry Building, 426-27 “The Old National Messianism and the New” (Trubetskoi, E. N.), 487 Olfer’ev, Sergei Nikolaevich (father), 36, 114 Aleksander III
and, 43M4 on Aleksandrovich, 44 death of, 39, 69, 105 early memories of, 4, 9-Ю, 448M9 Konstantinovich and, 81 on marching, 201 at Page Corps, 54, 452 taxes and, 46 See abo childhood estate Olferieff, Aleksandra (Shura) (first daughter), 238, 238n2, ЗЗбпІО, 394 education of, 427-28, 430, 431 luncheon for, 429 photographs of, 202, 426, 427, 429 Olferieff, Fedor Sergeevich (Olferieff, Fyodor Sergeyevich) (Fedia) (Theodore), 57, 63, 105,129, 426, 427, 429, 432, 434 See aho specific topics Olferieff, Marusia. See Olferieff Mary (Marusia) Grevens Olferieff Mary (Masha) (second daughter), 307, 307nn32-33 education of, 428-29 illness of, 428 photographs of, 201, 426, 427, 429 Olferieff Mary (Marusia) Grevens (wife), xvii, 304 American employment for, 427-28, 429, 432, 433 death of, 435 desertion from, 381 on homeland, 336 in Kiev terror, 396, 398 Krasovsky and, 412-13 letter to, 313-14 Master of Arts for, 432, 432, 433 in Mogilev, 354, 370-71, 374, 390 photographs of, 202, 426, 427, 429, 432 in Russia farewell, 421 at “The Seven Hills,” 237nl, 237-38,484 Swiss passports from, 413-14, 414n71 travel pass from, 413 in Warsaw, 247M8 See aho Grevens, Marusia Olferieff, Sergei (son), 338, 419 death of, 433 in Merchant Marines, 432—33 photographs of, 426, 427 oprichniki (Life-Guardsmen), 119, 119nll Oranovsky, Nikolai Aloizievich (general), 240n4, 240-41, 246, 488
Index Orbeliani (princess), 99, 104 Order No. 1, 529 Order No. 114, 530 Order of St. Vladimir, 369, 369n24 O’Rem, Lieutenant Colonel, 257-58, 261 Orlov, Aleksandr Afinogenovich, 105-6, 137-38, 150 Fedorovna, A., and, 151-52, 154 order from, 153 singing by, 151-52 Ostsee German, 162-63 Ottoman affairs, xxxviii, 485, 493 Page Corps acceptance into, 56, 74, 74nl6 A Broken Life on, 440-41, 454—55, 456 building for, 53, 53nnl-2 cave at, 53 Church in, 455 correctional institution compared to, 59 entrance exams for, 54—55, 55n4, 452 eyesight at, 55, 55n5 father at, 54, 452 hazing in, 60-62 history of, 53-54, 452 internal organization of, 60 Keller in, 75Ш7, 75-76, 84 Nicholas II and, 62—63, 459 political diversity within, 63-64, 456-57 Preobrazhensky Regiment and, 78, 78nl8 in Red Army, 64 rings for, 62 seniority within, 60, 454 servant in, 59 traditions in, 59, 84-85 traits within, 62 venereal disease in, 78-79 Page Corps comrades A Broken Life on, 452-54, 457 childhood friends compared to, 59, 59n7 as Kamer-Pages, 65-66 national origins of, 58, 452-53 numbers of 58 photographs of, 56, 57, 58, 61, 63 Rebinder as, 66, 95-96, 98, 103, 107 against revolution, 65-66, 66nl0 See ako Verkhovsky, Aleksandr Page Corps education, 48-49, 59, 59n7, 453 Belogostitsky in, 77-78 chemistry in, 73 daily schedule in, 74 directors of 75nl7, 75-76 favorite teachers in, 75 funds for, 72 grades in, 82 605 history in, 73 Horse Grenadiers and, 80-81 incompetent teachers in, 73, 77-78 Keller and, 75nl7, 75-76 Konstantinovich and, 62, 63, 69, 76-81 Konstantinovna, O., in, 79-81 Marconi in, 73 mathematics
in, 72 mechanics in, 73 military schools and, 74—75 military service and, 71-72 musicians in, 74 Petrov in, 72 physical education in, 82-83 Potekhin in, 75 scholars in, 73-74 smoking in, 79 teachers in, 72 vacations in, 85, 85nl9, 86-87, 91 women and, 87, 87nn21-22 See also heir s christening Page Corps emperor’s visit appearance in, 83-84, 85 dancing for, 84 dancing instruction before, 82—83 first sight in, 83 happiness in, 83 Keller in, 84 riding at, 84-85 Pale of Settlement, xxi, 50, 145n34 Palo Alto, California, 427-28, 430 Panteleev, Andrei Andreevich, 4ln70, 411, 557 parades, 133, 200-201 passports, 379, 413-14, 414n71, 545 from Odessa, 4l9n3, 419-20 for Russia farewell, 418-19 Patriarch Alexis. See Simansky, Sergei Vladimirovich Paul I (emperor), 53 assassination of, 337, 337nl4 Pavlov, Iuda, 13-14, 193n3, 193-94 Pavlov, Nikanor, 46 Pavlovich, Dmitrii (grand duke), 510 peasant huts, 20n20, 20-21, 21nn2I-22 peasants, 9, 367 as childhood friends, 11-12, 12n7 civic duty of, 46 civil unrest among, xxiii-xxiv, xxv, 118, 118n9, 373-75 at factories, 189 land scarcity and, 27-31 money for, 466 in revolution deepening, 373-75 Pella Palace, 121-22 Periodic Table, 216nl9
606 “persecuted” people (gonimye), xvi Peter and Paul Fortress, 210nl 1, 210-11 Peter II (tsar), 223n33 Peter the Great (tsar), 223n33 Petersburg Military District Court, 230-31, 232 Petliura, Simon Vasilevich (Symon Vasylyovich), xvii, 383n42, 383—84, 407, 411 A Broken Life on, 547, 555-58 Petr I (tsar), 452 Petrograd, 509-11 demonstrations in, 339, 512—15 food scarcity in, 338-39 strike in, 515-16 unrest in, 347 Petrov, Grigory, 72 Petrovna, Elizaveta (empress), 89, 89n25 philosophy, 208nn8-9, 208-9, 487 photographs, 191 of OlferiefF, A., 202, 426, 427, 429 of Olferieff, E, 57, 63, 105, 129, 426, 427, 429, 432, 434 of Olferieff, Mary (Marusia), 202, 426, 427, 429, 432 of Olferieff, Mary (Masha), 201, 426, 427, 429 of Olferieff Sergei, 426, 427 of Page Corps comrades, 56, 57, 58, 61, 63 physical education, 82-83 Piadgorsk, 560 murders in, xvii, 417, 561 Piłsudski, Józef, xxiv-xxv Pipes, Richard, 437 Plakans, Andrejs, 465 Platonov, Sergei Fedorovich, 212, 212nl4 Pleve, Viacheslav Konstantinovich (Viacheslav Konstantinovich Plehve), xix, 185, 185n23 Pobedonostsev, Konstantin Petrovich, 223-24, 224n34 poetry, 76-77, 189, 565 “Age,” 439 by Miatlev, 382, 415 “Russian God,” 422n4, 422-23, 583n380 pogroms (destruction), xl, 145n34, 163, 185n23, 21ІПІ2, 383n42 A Broken Life on, 461, 558-59 Poirée, Alphonse-Flavien Louis, 502 Poland, 250 nationalists in, xl respect in, 487—88 Russian, 219n26, 461 Russification of, xxiv-xxv strikes in, xxv See ako Warsaw 1914; Yanov Index Poland withdrawal Alekseev in, 312 ammunition in, 311-13, 312n36, 316 attack in, 311-12 bridge in, 314-15,
315n37 fortress in, 313-14 German cavalry and, 315 heavy artillery fire before, 311 nurse after, 315 orders for, 312-13 reinforcement before, 310-11 roads in, 314 Shvarts in, 310, 310n35 Poles’e lowlands, 216n22, 216-17 Poliakov, Vakhmistr, 162, 169, 182 police, xxxiv, 119—20 police station, 395nn56-57, 395-96 Polish Socialist Party (PSP), xxiv-xxv political police (Okhrana), xxxiv politics, 456, 506-8 Polivanov, Aleksei Andreevich, 285, 285n24, 292n27 A Broken Life on, 478, 492-93, 574nl80 Polovtsov, Petr Aleksandrovich, 510 Ponyrko, Colonel, 405-6 Poole, Randall, 487 popular drink (sbiteri), 119nl2, 119-20 population, 23, 29, 249, 392 portrait, 221n30, 221-22 “Portrait of an Elder,” 475-76 Potekhin, Vladimir Filipovich, 75 Potemkin, Petr Aleksandrovich, 35 pre-mobilization period explosion in, 246 Germany and, 246 guidons in, 245, 245nl march in, 246 orders in, 246 questions in, 247 Regimental Commander in, 247-48 regimental holiday in, 245 trains in, 248, 248n3 war in, 246-47 wife in, 247—48 worries in, 246n2, 246—47 Pre-Parliament, 539 prisoners, 309-10, 394, 489, 495, 498, 532 in beginning of end, 340nl8, 340—41 Prokhorov, Colonel, 256 promotions, 211,211nl3 of Brusilov, 460, 568n64 to Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 107-8, 108Ш1І-2 of Verkhovsky, 65, 69—70 prostitution, 25, 146
Index Protopopov, Alexander Dmitrievich, 332, 332ո5, 506-7, 510, 515 provincial head, 8, 9-10 Provisional Duma Committee, 521 Provisional Government, xliii-xlviii, 532-34, 537 Alekseev and, 528 arrest from, 525 against Mikhailovich, A., 529-30 Prussia, 219 PSP. See Polish Socialist Party psychology, 545 Puchenkov, Aleksandr Sergeevich, 556 Pukh, Veniamin, 50-51, 114 Raich, Katia, 399^100 railroad, 38, 38n39, 419, 483 Circum-Baikal Railway, 215, 215nl8 railways, War Academy and, 215nl8, 215-16 Rasputin, Grigorii Efimovich, xxxix, 221-22 A Broken Life on, 476-78, 50ІПІ03, 505, 507 God and, 224 Kerensky’s times related to, 354 in the living corpse, 224n35, 224-25, 476-78 Nicholas II and, 235 opinion of, 106, 476-78, 57ІПІ03 in St. Petersburg, 225 reaction: 1906-10, 186-88 assassinations in, 185, 185nn21-24 A Broken Life on, 467-70 dates in, 468-69 marriage in, 470 mother in, 469-70 nostalgia in, 470 reflection in, 469 restoration in, 468 reading, 162, 163 Rebinder, 66, 95-96, 98,103, 107 Rebirth ofa Nation (Vinnichenko), 384n44 reconnaissance, 252, 256, 326 See aho remote reconnaissance Reconnaissance Division, 365-66 Red Army Bolsheviks and, 418—19 General Staff Academy in, 520 in Kiev terror, 396-97, 398 Page Corps in, 64 Verkhovsky in, 71 “The Red Army” (Olferieff, E), 431 Red Cross, 382, 385, 545 in Kiev terror, 399n61, 399^00 Polivanov and, 493 regiment acquittal in, 231 alcohol in, 228—30 cavalry in, 226 commander of, 227-28, 230-32 condescension in, 226 connections in, 227 discipline in, 228-30 E. in, 226-27 indebtedness in, 228-30 injustice in, 231-32 Laiming from, 279
Mochalin and, 228-30 money related to, 225 murder in, 230 Nicholas II and, 231-32 Petersburg Military District Court and, 230-31, 232 reproach in, 226 selection committee of, 228-29 senior officers in, 225, 226-27 standards for, 225 topographical survey for, 235-36 young officers in, 225-26 Regimental adjutant, 162-63 regimental club, 155-56 Budberg at, 157-58 regimental holiday, 245 religious philosophers, 487 remote reconnaissance appointment for, 272 common sense in, 275 disunity in, 273 dragoon in, 276 forced march in, 277 German patrol in, 276 hospitality in, 275-76 Lipno-Vloclavek in, 276, 276nl5 peace after, 274-75 radiogram in, 277 retreat in, 273-75, 282 secret service in, 273—74 Shnabel in, 275 strategy in, 275 Rennenkampf, Pavel Karlovich, 263-64, 264n2, 266n5 A Broken Life on, 489-90 Republic of the Don Cossacks, 385n46 retreat, 278 A Broken Life on, 490, 498-501 in remote reconnaissance, 273-75, 282 in Russo-Japanese war, 87 in White army cradle, 358 Revolution (1905) background of, xviii-xx, 437 beginning of, xxii, 97-98 607
608 Revolution (1905) (cont.) A Broken Life on, 437—39 disciplinary battalion and, 167 Germans during, 181, 406-7 land councils before, xix-xx Manifesto of October 17 and, xxii-xxiii peasant in, xxiii-xxiv, xxv polarization before, xviii, xxi-xxiii political parties before, xx-xxi serfdom before, xviii Social Democrats before, xvi, xxiii, xxxi SRs and, xx-xxi, xxiv state of emergency before, 118 strikes and, xxiii, xxv transition after, xxxi—xxxv women after, 437—38 revolution deepening, 535, 537-38 confhsion in, 372 Denikin in, 368-69 discipline in, 535-36 Diterikhs in, 369n25, 369-70 Dukhonin in, 367, 367n23 home in, 370-71, 371n29 Kerensky in, 374 loyalty in, 373, 373n33 money in, 372 officers in, 368—69, 369n24 peasants in, 373-75 prison visit in, 372-73 rank in, 371 revolutionary discipline in, 366-67, 372, 536 Swiss Guards in, 373, 373n33 theft in, 374, 538 revolutionary discipline, 366-67, 372, 536 rifle, 304-5 Rodzianko, Mikhail Vladimirovich, 233, 233n36, 235, 391 A Broken Life on, 456, 477, 482, 516-17, 521, 550 on mutiny, 516-17 romance. See women Romanian troops, 419 Romanovskii, Ivan Pavlovich, 531 Roop, General, 247-48, 252, 253-54, 479 on attack, 256—57, 261 in batde, 258-60 on Liubomirov, 260-61 responsibility of, 257-58 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 42-43 Rot, Nikolai (Kolia), 97, 97n33 rotmistr (cavalry and infantry colonel), 104, 104n40, 226-27, 479 Navrotskyas, 123, 176, 180 Shults, S. R., as, 110—11, 128, 128nnl6-17 royal family, xiii Rozhdestvensky, Zinovy, 117, 117n8, 133n23 Index rural community ownership (obschina), 31, 31n34 Russia. See specific topics
Russia farewell crowds in, 419 Freidenberg and, 418nnl-2, 418—19 money for, 418, 419 passport for, 418-19 pier for, 419 tears in, 421 visa for, 419, 421 to Western yoke, 422 wife in, 421 Russia Orthodox Virgin Mary Cathedral (San Francisco), 428, 429, 429 Russian Counterrevolution, 266n6, 267n7, 331n4, 353nl 1,400-401 Russian Germans, 181—82 “Russian God” (Viazemsky), 422n4, 422—23, 565,583n380 Russian memoirs, 445-46 Russian Poland, 219n26, 461 Russian proverb, 10, 10n4 Russia’s old order foundation faith in, 41n49, 47, 49-42 Fatherland in, 44-46, 47 Tsar in, 42-44 Russo-Japanese war (1904-05), xxxv-xxxvi, 30n32, 473, 570n95 blame on, 92 guns in, 86 Imperial Nicholas Military Academy after, 205-6 Keller in, 76 Linevich in, 240n4 “Manchurian Box” in, 206, 206nl Novikov on, 93—94 retreat in, 87 revolution and, 94 Rozhdestvensky in, 117, 117n8 surrender in, 117 Zadnevsky on, 86—87 Ruzsky, Nikolai Vladimirovich, 285, 285n22, 339 ABroken Life on, 491—92,497, 511, 512, 513-14, 561-62, 577n255 Rzhev (1891-1893), 6-8, 447 saber type (shashka), 131, 131n20 Sadikov, Mikhail Vasilevich, 51n47, 51-52, 55, 452 Safonov, Iakov Vasil’evich, 547 sailors, 123-25, 462-63 condescension related to, 544—45 death related to, 380 Provisional Government and, 539
Index St. Petersburg, 52, 232 Nevsky Prospect in, 234-35 Novoe Vremia in, 233 Rasputin in, 225 Sakharov, General (War Minister), 92, 92n29, 345 sale of offices, 477 Šalova, Tatiana Fedorovna (mother), 36, 114-15 childhood and, 3, 5,7, 8,13, 16nl4, 16-17, 27 Jew and, 50 money and, 161, 190, 469—70 Turchaninov and, 51 Šalova, Varvara Vladimirovna (grandmother), 190n2, 190-91 Saltykov, Ivan Nikolaevich, 483 Saltykov, Mikhail Evgrafovich (Nikolai Evgrafovich Schedrin), 203, 203nl0 Saltykov, Nikolai Ivanovich (Nikolai Evgrafovich Schedrin), 234, 234n38 Samsonov, Aleksandr Vasil’evich, 266n5, 266-67, 277 A Broken Life on, 488—90 San Francisco, 124-25, 434, 434 first-class tickets to, 425-26 Russia Orthodox Virgin Mary Cathedral in, 428, 429, 429 San Rafael, California, 428 Sanborn, Joshua A., 500-501 Sashutka (1894-1902), 15nll, 17nl5, 17-20, 18nl6, 19nl7 Satanello (horse), 146—57 Sazanov, Sergei Dmitrievich, 485 sbiteri (popular drink), 119nl2, 119-20 Schedrin, Nikolai Evgrafovich. See Saltykov, Mikhail Evgrafovich Scherbachev, Dmitry Grigorevich, 207, 207n2, 210, 212, 346, 472 Schlieffen Plan, 218, 218nn24-25, 218-19, 256 The Science of Victory (Suvorov), 55—56, 208, 208n7, 214 scorched-earth policy, 500 SDs. See Social Democrats second army attacks advance of, 269—70 aircraft bombing in, 267—68 on Allenstein-Osterode Front, 264 assignment before, 264—65, 265n3 battery before, 263 Cossacks in, 264-65 evacuation before, 263 fear in, 267 food in, 267 German doctor at, 265, 265n4, 265-66 609 interrogation in, 268 Krymov in, 266n6, 266-67, 269 Lautenburg-Deutsch-Eylau in, 268
looting in, 268, 269 militia units and, 263nl, 263-64, 265n2 not knowing before, 263 orders before, 264 patrols in, 268 Rennenkampf and, 263-64, 264n2, 266n5 Samsonov in, 266n5, 266-67 Stepanov and, 264 second army attacks reception advancement and, 269—70 Gamzagurdi in, 270, 270nl0 infantry in, 271 Kliastitsky Regiment in, 270-71 remote reconnaissance after, 272-74 Soldau in, 270-71 Stepanov in, 271—72, 272nl 1 Second Book (Mandelshtam), 439 Second Duma, xxx-xxxi, 31, 119 secret service, 273-74 Selivanov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 7 September 1957 determination in, 251 leadership in, 249 lifestyles in, 249 memories in, 248^19, 251 nihilism in, 249 population in, 249 Serbia, xxxviii, 232, 245, 246, 485 Serebrianka-Warsaw railroad station, 483 serfdom, xviii See ako peasants “The Seven Hills” (“Sieben Gebirge”), 237η 1, 237-38, 484 sexuality, 25-26, 78-79, 222 shashka (saber type), 131, 131n20 Shatsillo, Komelei Fedorovich, 495 Sheideman, Sergei Mikhailovich (general), 286, 301, 306-7, 313 A Broken Life on, 496—97 Shishkin, Nikolai Ivanovich, 125, 127-28 shoes, 113 “short war illusion,” 474-75 shot fired, 92, 92nn28-29 Shteinman, Andrei Andreevich, 11 Shulgin, Vasily Vitalevich, 344, 417, 560 in Duma, 344nl, 350 Shults, Staff Rotmistr, 110—11, 128, 128nnl6֊17 Shults, Volodia, 156, 15бп43 Shura. See Olferieff, Aleksandra Shvarts, Aleksei Vladimirovich, 310, 310n35 Siberia, 128nl8, 187, 215, 215nl8, 215-16, 287-88
610 Index Sich Riflemen, 393, 393ո53 Stankevich, Vladimir Konstantinovich, 538 “Sieben Gebirge” (“The Seven Hills”), 237nl, State Council telegram in, 518 237-38, 484 Statute of Field Courts-Martial, 177 Siedlce pogrom, 461 Stefanovich, Levuska (Levushka) (adjutant), Sikorsky, Igor’ Ivanovich, 322ո50, 322-23 131-32 Simanskii, Vladimir Andreevich, 336, 509 in Kiev terror, 395n58, 395-96, 398 Simansky, Sergei Vladimirovich (Simanskii) Stein, Martin, 49, 49n46 (Patriarch Alexis), 336, 336n8, 509 Steinberg, John W., 478 Sinev, Van’ka, 12n7, 13, 24 Steinberg, Mark D., 437-38 singing, 14, 110, 128 Steklov, Iurii Mikhailovich, 530 “God Save the Tsar,” 234, 245, 341, 346, Stepanov, Colonel, 264, 271-72, 272nl 1 482, 520 Sterling, Wally, 431 by gypsies, 125-27 Stites, Richard, 438 in Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 112-14 Stockdale, Melissa, 487 at Novyi Shvaneburg estate, 174nnl2-13, Stolypin, Petr Arkad’evich, xxxvi 174-75, 175nl4, 182-83 assassination of, xxxiv, 185, 185n24 by Orlov, 151-52 A Broken Life on, 449, 468-69, 571nl 14 Sivers, Faddei Vasil’evich, 498 Duma and, xxx-xxxiii VI Cavalry Division, 489-90 Kokovtsov after, 571nl 14 Skalon, Nikolai Dmitrievich, 138, 138n30 land council and, xxxiii Skoropads’kyi, Pavlo Petrových land scarcity and, 30, ՅՕոՅՅ, 449 (Skoropadsky), xvi-xvii, 64, 402-3, military field courts from, xxviii-xxix 552-53 reforms from, xxxii-xxxiii Kirpichev Squad and, 406-7 resignation of, xxxiii—xxxiv Skuratov, Kostia, 156, 156n45, 156-57 Stone, David R., 488-89, 497, 499, 504, 511 smallpox, 26 strikes, xxiii, xxv Smele, Jonathan D., 548 in February/March 1917
revolution, 515-16 Smith, S. A„ xliii in Kiev terror, 396 smoking, 79 in Petrograd, 515-16 snowstorm, 121 Sukhomlinov, Vladimir Aleksandrovich, 222, social class, xiv, 187, 536 222n31, 292, 292n27 childbirth and, 24 A Broken Life on, 480,496 in Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 114-15 Suleiman, Nikolai Aleksandrovich (general), Novyi Shvaneburg estate and, 175-76 378-79, 544 officers and, 167-68 Supreme Command, 329nnl-2, 329-30 Social Democrats (SDs), xvi, xxiii xxxi Supreme Commander, 440, 472, 491, 505, Socialist-Revolutionaries (SRs), xx-xxi, xxiv 508, 528, 532 Sokovnin, General, 365, 368 Alekseevand, 348, 574nl71 soldiers, 173 Krylenko as, 375, 375n35 in childhood, 6-7, 8,18 Supreme Headquarters’ end letters to, 117 Bonch-Bruevich in, 376, 376n37 status of, 117 death in, 377-79, 379n39, 380 Solov’ev, Vladimir Sergeevich, 484, 568n59 exploitation in, 380-81 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr Isaaevich, xxviii family in, 381-82 Soviet of People’s Commissars, 541 Kaledin in, 376, 376n38 “Soviet Russia in the Orient” (Olferieff, F.), Krylenko in, 375, 375n35 Lenin in, 375-76, 376n36 431, 441 Soviet Union, 444—і5 passport in, 379, 545 Dardanelles of 274, 274nnl2-l4 self-preservation in, 381—82 space satellites from, 274 unconcern in, 381, 381n40 vengeance in, 380 Special Commission for Investigation of Bolshevik Atrocities, 561 wages in, 377, 379 Suvorin, Boris Alekseevich, 550 SRs. See Socialist-Revolutionaries Suvorov, Aleksandr Vasilevich, 55-56, 208, Stalin, 179, 179nl6, 451 208n7, 214, 472-73 Stanford University, 431, 565 Svetozarov, Sergeant Major, 104—5, 105n4l Stanislavski!,
Konstantin Sergeevich, 570n98
Index Svoiak (horse), I4l Swiss Guards, 373, 373n33 syphilis, 25-26 Tannenberg defeat, 489-91 Tarnopol, 341, 358, 360, 363, 388 A Broken Life on, 519-20, 532 Tartars, 58, 119-20, 162-63 taxes, 45 cow for, 46 “Temporizing Battle,” 213, 213nnl6—17 Tereshchenko, Mikhail Ivanovich, 510 terrorists, xx—xxi in crossroads, 387-88 See aho Kiev terror theaters, 92-93, 235, 235n39 Theophany, 95-96 Third Duma, xxxi—xxxii, 185ո25, 185—86, 186ո27, 232 Third of March system, xliv-xlv characteristics of, xlvi principles of, xlv support lack for, xlvii—xlix Three Conversations (Tri razgovora) (Solov’ev), 484 three piUars of Russia, 47, 404, 450-51 Tikhobrazov, Dmitrii Nikolaevich, 513 Tolstoy, Leo (Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoi), 113, 181, 18ІПІ8, 221,293, 323 autobiography of, 447-48 A Broken Life on, 447-48, 464, 475, 498, 527-28 Christianity of, 447-48 The Living Corpse of, 221, 475 Olferieff, F. S., related to, 464 play by, 570n98 Tolstoy (Tolstoi), Pavel Mikhailovich, 292, 293-95 A Broken Life on, 493-94, 496 topographical survey, 235-36 Totoshka. See Danilovsky, Anatoly Alekseevich traditions of Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 115-16 in Page Corps, 59, 84-85 transfers, 316 Tran-Siberian Railroad, 215nl8 translations, xvii, 418, 4l8nnl-2 Trans-Siberian Railroad, 128nl8 travels escape, 425—26 examination during, 203nl0, 203-4 in Germany, 200n9, 200-202 in Switzerland, 203^4 Treaty of Bucharest, 485 Tri razgovora {Three Conversations) (Solov’ev), 484 611 trial, 177-78 trial of honor, 227—32, 479 Troubetzkoy, Paolo, 480 Troyes, Chrétien de, 432, 564 Trubetskoi, Evgenii Nikolaevich, 487 Trubetskoi,
Sergei Nikolaevich, 458, 568n59 Tsar, 223n33, 452 God related to, 42, 43, 450-51, 525-26 in Russia’s old order foundation, 42—44 See ako Aleksander III; Nicholas II Tsarina. See Fedorovna, Aleksandra Tsarskoe Selo, 146-47, 459 City ladies at, 98 duties at, 98 Kamer-Pages at, 98 permanent residence in, 98 See ako Aleksandrovsky Palace; horse-races Tsikhovich, Yanuary Kazimirovich, 287, 291-92, 294, 302 on Alekseev, 288—89 in Battle of Przasnysz, 296-97, 301 in German occupation, 404-5 honors for, 286, 286n25 order from, 313 respect for, 286 Tsoppi, Aleksandr Al’bertovich, 142—43, 146 Tsushima, 133, 133n23 Tuk. Province, 163, ІбЗппЗ^ Tumanov, Georgii Aleksandrovich (Commander of the Division, prince), 319, 502, 561 Tumanova, Princess, 417, 561-62 Turchaninov, Nikolai Nikolaevich, 49, 452 grandfather and, 50-51 women and, 51 Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich, 33—34, 51, 450 Turkestan Corps, 316 ability of, 284-85, 285nn22֊24 adaptability in, 286 brain of, 288-89 car ride in, 287 commanders of, 284, 286, 288, 290-91 devotion and, 285 11th Siberian Rifle Division in, 287-88 February 1, 1915 position and, 290 instinct of, 284 listening in, 286—87 machine-gun fire on, 289, 290 mentorship in, 286 mission accomplished with, 291 opinion of, 284—85 orders in, 287 scouts in, 287-88 stability in, 289-90 subaltern officer and, 285—86
612 Turkestan Corps (cont.) vocabulary in, 287 See also Battle of Przasnysz; Corps staff; Tsikhovich, Yanuary Kazimirovich Turkey, 486 two-verst scale relief maps, 217, 217n23 typhus epidemic, 416-17, 560 Ukraine (Little Russia), xxxvii-xxxviii, 399, 399n61 counterrevolutionary nationalist movement, xl, 383n42, 555-56 officers in, 554 See also German occupation; Kiev Ukrainian Army, 384, 384n45, 404-5 Ukrainian People’s Republic, 541 Ukrainian Rada, 383, 383n4l, 547-48, 552 Ukrainian Revolutionary Party, 384n44 Ulans Regiment, 150-54, 241 A Broken Life on, 488 review of, 137-38 See ako Orlov, Aleksandr Afinogenovich Uhanov, Vladimir Il’ich. See Lenin Ul’ianova, Galina, 482-83 uniformjacket (kitel’), 153, 153ո41 uniforms, 107, 187-88, 474 Union of Cities, 285, 371n30, 493 Union of October 17 (Octobrists), xx, 233n36 Union of the Russian People, 210-11, 21ІПІ2 Union of Zemstvos, 285, 347n7, 370n26, 371, 371n30, 493 university student march, 458 Unter den Linden (Berlin, Germany), 200n9, 200-201 Urals, 215-16, 216nl9 Uvarov, Sergei Sergeevich, 451 vacations in Page Corps education, 85, 85nl9, 86-87, 91 after war Academy, 237nl, 237-38 See ako leave Vakhmistr (cavalry sergeant-major), 104, 104n40 Poliakov, 162, 169, 182 Varangians, 179, 179nl7 Variag, 73-74, 74nl5 Vasilchikov, Prince, 111 Vasilevna, Anna, 93-94 venereal disease, 78-79 vengeance, 544 in Supreme Headquarters’ end, 380 Verbitskaia, Anastasia Alekseevna, 151 n39, 152 Index Verkhovsky, Aleksandr, 64n9, 454 in action and counteraction, 364n20, 364-65 character of, 64-65 confrontation with, 68-69 conscientiousness of,
65 Court service and, 66 discipline and, 69, 456-57 execution of, 71nl3 at General Staff Academy, 70 Kornilov Rebellion and, 71 leave for, 69 Mounted Grenadiers and, 66-67 Nicholas II with, 70 officers’ commission and, 67-68, 68nl2 promotion of, 65, 69-70 reassignment of, 69-70 in Red Army, 71 revolution and, 70-71 scandal about, 69 scolding related to, 67, 67nl 1 tactlessness of, 66-68 valor of, 70 Viazemsky, Petr Andreevich, 189, 189nl, 422n4, 422-23, 565, 583n380 village, 235-36 at childhood estate, 192-94, 446-47 survey of, 483 village school, 47-48 Vinberg, Fedor Viktorovich, 137n29, 137-38 Vinkler-Ulrich, Lieutenant, 132, 132n22 Vinnichenko, Vladimir Kirillovich, 383-84, 384n44 visa, 419, 563 Vitkovsky, Vasily Vasilevich, 212, 212nl5 Vitte, Sergei Iul’evich (Yul’evich) (count), xix-xx, 128, 128nl8, 464 Vladimirovich, Kirill (grand duke), 510 Voeikov, Nikolai Ivanovich, 516 Voeikov, Vladimir Nikolaevich (Marshal of the Court), 335, 508 Voisin (biplane), 317, 317n39 Voiskovoi Krug, 386n47, 386-87 volostnoi starshina (district chief), 9, 9n3 Volunteer Army, 393n54, 407, 416 authority over, 550—51 colors of, 556-57 Denikin and, 556 French and, 563 leaders of, 554 opposition to, 551 organization of, 553 Vorob’eva, Liudmila Mikhailovna, 465 Vrangel, Petr Nikolaevich (baron), xvi, 108-9, 356nl4 Bolsheviks and, 376 dishonesty of, 532
Index revolutionary discipline of, 372 talents of 360, 531 typhus of 417 in White army cradle, 356, 358-59 Vulfs, Adolfs Gerhards fon, 464 Vyborg Manifesto, xxviii, 469 Vynnychenko, Volodymyr Kyrylovych, 547 Vyrubov, Vasily Vasilevich, 294-95, 374 A Broken Life on, 493-95, 537-38 land councils and, 370n26, 371, 371n30 Vyrubova, Anna (Annushka), 151, 294, 294nn28-29 Wade, Rex A., 533-34 Walicki, Andrzej, 438 war mobilization fiasco #1, 251-55, 253 Olferieff Marusia, on, 238, 484 Russian idealizations of 487 War Academy acceptance to, 206—7 artillery in, 214 Augustów Woods and, 219, 219n26 “black earth” zone and, 216, 216n21 Bonch-Bruevich and, 208, 208n6 on cavalry, 214, 220n28, 220-21 Clausewitz and, 208, 208n4, 209 Donets Basin and, 216, 216n20 “Encounter Battle” in, 213 entrance exams for, 207, 471-72 fortresses dismantle and, 217—18 General Staff related to, 206, 471 generals and, 209 Golovin in, 207n3, 207-8, 209, 210, 472-73, 570n89 graduation from, 237 gratitude for, 210 individual initiative and, 214 innovations at, 210, 213-14 “Interior Operational Lines” in, 214-15 Mikhnevich and, 219-20, 220n27 Military Administration examination in, 211 Moltke and, 208, 208n5 Peter and Paul Fortress and, 210nl 1, 210-11 philosophy at, 208nn8-9, 208-9 Poles’e lowlands in, 216n22, 216-17 railways and, 215nl8, 215-16 reform of, 206 regiments and, 207 Scherbachev in, 207, 207n2, 210, 212 Schlieffen Plan and, 218nn24-25, 218-19 “Temporizing Battle” at, 213, 213nnl6-17 term of study at, 206, 470-71 two-verst scale relief maps for, 217, 217n23 613 Union of the Russian People and,
210-11, 21ІПІ2 vacation after, 237nl, 237-38 war’s inevitability after, 237-38, 484 Yanushkevich in, 210nl0, 210-12, 218 War and Peace (Tolstoy, L.), 527-28 “War and Russia’s World Task” (Trubetskoi, E. N.), 487 war materie! inadequacy, 474 Warburg, Fritz, 507 Warner, Clive, 431 Warsaw 1914 attack plans in, 243 brigade drill in, 242 disarming of, 240 display in, 243 Jews in, 238, 240, 240n3, 488 layout of, 238 Mannerheim in, 241n5, 241^3 Oranovsky in, 240n4, 240-41 reality in, 243 report in, 242 “Sieben Gebirge” before, 237nl, 237-38 Zhilinsky in, 241n6, 241—43, 245 Warsaw Military District, 441 Werth, Nicolas, 559 White army, xlix, 531 murders by, 417, 562 See abo Volunteer Army White army cradle Austrians in, 355—56 Denikin in, 357-58 freedom in, 356 Kornilov in, 356, 360—61 Nezhentsev in, 356-57 principals in, 356, 356nl4 retreat in, 358 Vrangel in, 356, 358-59 youth of, 357 White Movement, 391, 550-51 wife. See Olferieff, Mary (Marusia) Grevens Wilhelm II (kaiser), 553 Woefrom Wit (Griboedov), 379, 379n39 women, 252 A Broken Life on, 437-38 in Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 184 illiteracy of, 47 at Novyi Shvaneburg estate, 183, 183nnl9-20 Page Corps education and, 87, 87nn21-22 Turchaninov and, 51 workers, 117 World War I. See Great War Wortman, Richard, 481-82, 483 writers, 152, 152nn38-39
614 Index Yakimansky, Aleksei Dmitrievich, 27-28 Yanov (Janów, Poland) horse-breaking in, 144 horse-breeding in, 142-43 Jews in, 142, l45nn34-35, 145-46, 460-61 Nirod at, I44n33, 144—45 poverty of, 146 residence in, 144 spring in, 142 stallions in, 143 Tsoppi in, 142^3, 146 two-year-olds in, 143—44 Yanushkevich, Nikolai Nikolaevich, 210, 210nl0, 210-12, 218, 329, 329nl Zadnevsky, Osip, 86-87, 91 Zadornyi, 14, 14nl0 Žagariņa, Aleksandra Nikolaevna, 33, 41-42 Zaiach’i Gory, 40-41, 41n4l Zaionchkovskii, Andrei Medarovich, 511-12 zakon о voenno-polevykh sudakh (military field courts), xxviii-xxxi Zarakovsky, General, 309 Zavoiko, Vasilii Stepanovich, 535 Zelenin, Aleksandr, 527 Zelik, the Jew, 108 Zemgor, 493-94, 505, 510 Zem-Hussars, 294nn28-29, 294-95 Zemstvo Assembly, 369n25 zemstvos. See land councils Zenkovskii, Aleksandr Vladimirovich, xxxii-xxxiii Zhdanov, Andrei, 36, 36n37 Zhilinsky, Yakov Grigorevich, 24ln6, 241-43, 245 A Broken Life on, 489 Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich, 274, 274nl4 Zubatov, Sergei Vasilevich, xix Zviagintsev, Aleksandr Ivanovich, 147 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München Ч__ _______ J
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Contents FOREWORD к Anatol Shmelev TRANSLATOR’S FOREWORD xi Tanya Alexandra Cameron INTRODUCTION: The End. of Imperial Russia xiii Gary M. Hamburg THE MEMOIRS OF FYODOR SERGEYEVICH OLFERIEFF 1 Translated by Tanya Alexandra Cameron CHILDHOOD Sashutka: 1894-1902 3 3 6 8 11 15 Early Remembrances Rzhev: 1891—93 The New Location: 1893 My Friends: 1893—98 Mens Sano in Corpore Sano 20 Not Enough Land TJ The Landed Gentry Our Establishment 31 36 Faith, Tsar, and Fatherland 40 Instruction Is Light, and Ignorance Is Darkness 47
Contents VI YOUTH Page Corps: The First Steps 53 My Page Comrades 53 56 Aleksandr Verkhovsky 64 More on the Page Corps The Arrival ofthe Emperor 71 82 The Heir Is Born 85 A Shot Fired 92 98 Tsarskoe Selo MY YOUTH IN THE HORSE GRENADIER REGIMENT To Drink to Russia Is a Joy In Defense ofthe Throne Nicholas Our Tsar-Father 107 107 116 Yanov 125 134 141 Tempted by Sin 146 An Arshin Eight THE BEGINNING OF A VITAL STRUGGLE Livonia 159 159 Reaction: 1906—10 185 FAMILY AFFAIRS Marusia Grevens 189 194 Abroad 199 THE IMPERIAL NICHOLAS MILITARY ACADEMY The Living Corpse 205 221 The Trial ofHonor 227 WARSAW 1914 237
Contents TO WAR Pre-Mobilization Period September 1957 Mobilization: The First Fiasco Cavalry Action THE SECOND ARMY ATTACKS vii 245 245 248 251 255 Remote Reconnaissance 263 269 272 Catastrophe FIT In the Turkestan Corps 284 291 295 310 316 “And His Own Received Him Not” Staffofthe Corps The Battle ofPrzasnysz Withdrawalfrom Poland Into Aviation THE BEGINNING OFTHE END 329 THE END Action and Counteraction 343 350 355 361 The Revolution Is Deepening 367 The End Comes to Supreme Headquarters 375 382 391 402 406 411 Kerensky’s Times: The Inverted Pyramid The Cradle ofthe White Army At the Crossroads Terror in Kiev: January 1918 The German Occupation In the Kirpichev Squad Everything Is Permitted to a Woman ODESSA 1919 Farewell Native Land 415 418
viii Contents EPILOGUE: Escape, Travels, and Life in the United States 425 Tanya Alexandra Cameron A BROKEN LIFE 437 Gary M. Hamburg ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS 585 INDEX 587
Index abdication Aleksandrovich, M., in, 347 Alekseev and, 344-46, 514, 516, 519-26 Army in, 344-46, 345nn2-3, 346nn4-5, 348-49 A Broken Life on, 514, 516, 519-27, 540 Brusilov and, 140-41, 352 February/March 1917 revolution and, lvnl 11, xliv, xlviii, 343-50, 345n2, 521-27 Fedorovna, M., and, 347 Lvov and, 347n7, 347-48 Nikolaevich, N., and, 347-48 See ako the end Academy of Arts, 476—77 Academy of Sciences, 212nl4, 383n43 action and counteraction arrests in, 364-65, 365nn21-22 aviation related to, 362nl9, 362-63 the front and, 365-67 God in, 362, 362nl6 improvisation in, 363-64 with Kornilov, 362, 362nl7 in Moscow, 361-62, 362nl8 Reconnaissance Division in, 365-66 revolutionary discipline and, 366-67 Verkhovsky in, 364n20, 364-65 See ako revolution deepening Aistov, Nikolai Sergeevich, 82-83, 84 Aksakov, Sergei Timofeevich, 447 alcohol, 41—42 childhood friends and, 15-16, I6nnl2-l4 in Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 109-15, 122, 172, 172nl0 Nicholas II and, 127, 132-33 Aleksander III (tsar), xxiv, 113, 233, 375, 375ո34, 539 death of, 43-44, 451, 540 Fundamental Laws and, xviii—xix monuments to, 480-81 Aleksandr Nevskii medal, xxxiv Aleksandra (empress, tsarina). See Fedorovna, Aleksandra Aleksandrov, Kirill, 513 Aleksandrovich, Aleksei (grand duke), 89 Aleksandrovich, Mikhail (Misha) (grand duke), xliv, 89, 337nl3, 347 Aleksandrovich, Nikolai. See Nicholas II Aleksandrovich, Sergei (grand duke), 185, 185n21 Aleksandrovich, Vladimir (grand duke), 97, 156 Aleksandrovna, Oľga (grand duchess), 455 Aleksandrovsky Palace children at, 99 Frederiks at, 105-6 Holy Week at, 104-5 layout
of, 99 modesty of, 99 Alekseev, Mikhail Vasiľevich (general), xv, xvi, 267n7, 285, 285n23 abdication and, 344-46, 514, 516, 519—26 A Broken Life on, 492, 501, 505, 512, 520-26, 529-30, 537, 550-51, 574nl71, 577n255 critics of, 335-36 in crossroads, 389n49, 389-91 Diterikhs and, 382, 551 illness of, 338-39, 513 Kaledin and, 386, 550—51 Kornilov and, 365, 550-51
588 Alekseev, Mikhail Vasiľevich (general) (cont.) meeting with, 390 in Poland withdrawal, 312 Provisional Government and, 528 replacement of, 352-53, 353n9 Ruzskii and, 491-92, 512, 513-14, 577n255 spring offensive and, 528 Supreme Commander and, 348, 574nl71 Tsikhovich on, 288-89 Alebei (heir), 224, 224n35, 350, 514, 525 See ako heir’s christening Alexander (Grand Duke), 429 Alexander I (emperor), 53-54 devotion to, 482 Alexander III. See Alebander III All-Russian Council of Aviation, 533 All-Russian Genealogical Tree, 439-40 Alvensleben, Werner von (general), 402, 414, 554 ambassadors, 96-97 American emp!oyment fencing in, 429, 430, 430 for Masha, 431, 433 for Olferieff, E, 426-31, 433 for Olferieff, Marusia, 427-28, 429, 432, 433 for Olferieff, Shura, 431, 433 ammunition, 330, 501 in Poland withdrawal, 311-13, 312n36, 316 ammunition transport, 120nl4, 120-22 amnesty, xlv Andreevich, Andrei, 48, 189 Andreevna, Olga, 48, 51 Andronikov, Mikhail Mikhailovich (prince), 225, 477-78, 571nll4 Anselm, General, 415-16 anti-Semitism. See pogroms apocalypticism, 443^4 appointments, 491 aviation related to, 319, 323, 324-25, 355 for remote reconnaissance, 272 Apukhtin, Kostia, 343-44 Army in abdication, 344-46, 345nn2—3, 346nn4-5, 348-49 career, 190 farewell address to, 349 in 1906-1910, 187-88 See ako Red Army; White army; specific topics Vrnol’d, Antonina von, 441 irnoľd, Roman Apollonovich von, 441 rrests in action and counteraction, 364-65, 365nn21-22 Index to Forest Brothers related to, 168-69, 171, 466 of generals, 538 of Nicholas II, 350, 510, 525 Arsen’ev (“Komar”), 150,
150n37 arshin eight, 134n24 See ako horseback riding Artamonov, General, 279-80, 282 A Broken Life on, 490 artillery, 311 in Battle of Przasnysz, 297, 306-7 in great retreat, 499-500, 505—6 in War Academy, 214 artillery and infantry coordination, 473-74 Artsybashev, Mikhail Petrovich, 152, 152n38 Ascher, Abraham, xviii, xxiii, xxv, xxvi, xxx, xxxii assassinations of Alebandrovich, S., 185, 185n21 oflgnatev, A. P, 185, 185n22 of Pleve, 185, 185n23 ofStolypin, xxiv, 185, 185n24 Assembly of Russian Factory and Mill Workers, xxiii Associated Oil, 426-29 Augusta (empress), 245 Augustów Woods, 219, 219n26, 498-99 Austria, xxxvi-xxxix, 310, 486 Kiev terror and, 393, 393n53 Austria-Hungary, 283-84, 284nn 19-21 aviation, 502-3, 533 action and counteraction related to, 362nl9, 362-63 appointments related to, 319, 323, 324-25, 355 commander of, 319, 319n44 in the end, 362nl9, 362—63 of Germany, 318, 318n42, 504 group flight in, 320n45, 320-21 hangars in, 324 Ilia Muromets-type airplanes in, 322nn49֊50, 322-24 information from, 318 inspection of, 358 Kruten in, 316n38, 316-17, 502, 504 Lukomsky in, 325n52, 325-27 Nieuport-type fighter planes in, 322, 322n48 “place of arms” and, 321, 321n47 reconnaissance after, 326 reports on, 319, 326-27 strafing in, 321, 321n46 wages in, 363 work ethic in, 320 aviation conference, 362-63, 533
Index Bagratuni, Lieutenant Colonel, 292 Balkans, 485, 486 ball, 482-83 ballet, 83 Baranenok, Van’ka, 12n7, 13-14 Baranovskii, Vladimir Lvovich (Baranovsky), 333, 351, 507-8 Barracks Park, 121-23 bashlyk (Caucasian hood), 121, 121nl5 Bataan Death March, 433 Batezatul, Misha, 156,156n44 Battle of Baranovichi, 338, 345n2, 504 Battle of Kulikovo, 20n30, 26 Battle ofMlawa, 252-55,253 Battle of Przasnysz, 318 alarm in, 300 artillery in, 297, 306-7 attack in, 305-6 A Broken Life on, 497—98 casualties at, 307-8, 308n34, 504 children related to, 307, 307nn32-33 church in, 298 Ciechanow-Przasnysz road in, 299-300, ՅՕՕոՅՕ communication on, 299,301 conversation in, ՅՕՅոՅ 1, 303-4 dispositions in, 299 February 10, 1915 position in, 296 February 13, 1915 in, 298,299 February 17, 1915 in, 306 food in, 303 frontal attacks before, 295-97 heavy artillery in, 297 information on, 297 initiative after, 309 Kremenetsky in, 302, 305-6 maps of, 298f, 300f, 306f mistakes related to, 309-10 morale after, 309 morning after, 307-8 occupation in, 300 orders and, 297-98,298, 301, 305, 309 prisoners from, 309-10 reconnoiter in, 298 reinforcements in, 302 replacements for, 304-5 rifle instruction in, 304-5 strategy in, 298-99 surrender after, 308 surround in, 301 trenches in, 301-5 Tsikhovich in, 296—97, 301, 302 battles, 213, 213nnl6-17 Roop in, 258-60 bear hunt, 170n9, 170-71 589 beginning of end, 329, 329nnl-2 arms and ammunition related to, 330 authority in, 335-36 communication in, 332-33 courage in, 331, 331 n3 desertion and, 330 fear in, 332 Governor’s House in, 333 Gurko, V, on, 336-37, 337nl2
Gutor in, 341, 34lnl9 hope in, 340 hostility in, 333 Hughes instrument in, 339, 339nl6 Laidoner in, 331n4, 331-32 machinery of, 330-31 Nadezhnyi in, 334, 334n6 Nicholas II in, 333-35, 337nnl2-14, 337-38, 339, 341 prisoners in, 340nl8, 340-41 Protopopov in, 332, 332n5 Provincial Government in, 333 rebellion in, 339, 341, 341nl9 reports in, 333-34 Beletskii, Stepan Petrovich, 477 Belgium, 218-19 Beliaev, Timofei Mikhailovich (general), 478, 57ІПІ14 Belogostitsky, Father, 77-78 Benkendorf, Pavel Konstantinovich, 485 Ber, Misha, 134n24, 134-35 Berdichev, 343, 353, 519-24 Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von, 484—85 biographical information, 439—42 biplane, 282, 282nl6 “black earth” zone, 216, 216n21 Blanche, Mademoiselle, 5-6, 7, 15, 18, 19, 34 Blobaum, Robert, xxiv, xxv “Bloody Sunday,” xxii, xxiii, 457 Bobrinskii, Aleksei Aleksandrovich, 554 Bolshevik Communist Party, xxi, 400n63 Bonch-Bruevich with, 376, 376n37 in Kiev, 547-49 murders by, 417 power for, 535 railroad bridge for, 419 Red Army and, 418-19 Ukrainian Army against, 384, 384n45 Bonch-Bruevich, Mikhail Dmitrievich, 208, 208n6 Bolshevik Communist Party with, 376, 376n37 A Broken Life on, 474, 496 Bordakov, Fedor Evdokimovich, 54 Borisov, General, 352-53 Borodino centenary celebrations, 481-82 Bosnian annexation, xxxvi-xxxvii
590 boundaries, land scarcity and, 27-29 Boxer Rebellion (1900-01), 240n4, 264n2 Brandt, Colonel, 323-24 A Broken Life (Hamburg) on abdication, 514, 516, 519-27, 540 on Academy of Arts, 476-77 on Aleksander III, 480-81 on Alekseev, 492, 501, 505, 512, 520-26, 529-30, 537, 550-51, 574nl71, 577n255 on Alexander I, 482 on All-Russian Genealogical Tree, 439-^0 on apocalypticism, 443-44 on Artamonov, 490 on Augustów Woods, 498-99 on aviation, 502-4 on Balkans, 485, 486 on Batde of Przasnysz, 497-98 on Bethmann-Hollweg, 484-85 on biographical information, 439-42 on Bonch-Bruevich, 474, 496 on Borodino centenary celebrations, 481-82 on Brusilov, 460, 504, 511,519, 535, 568n64 on church, 448, 455, 481, 551, 555 on Constituent Assembly, 463, 538-39 on coup d’état, 509-10 on Cuban missile crisis, 444-^15 on demonstrations, 512—16 on Denikin, 492, 535-38, 543, 545, 551, 560, 582n360 on desertions, 506 on Dolgorukov, 479, 583n380 on Doné, 479-80 on Dukhonin, 537, 540-45 on Dukhonin, N. N., 494—95, 537, 540^5, 568n64 on Durnovo, 485-86 on Eastern Prussia, 473 on Elchaninov, 474, 570n95 on Farrar, 474-75 on food scarcity, 512-13, 514-16 on Forest Brothers, 466 on Galenko, 479 on Goremykin, 477, 494-95 on great retreat, 498-500, 505-6 on Guchkov, 476-77, 492-93, 510, 530 on horse-races, 459, 462 on Ianushkevich, 473, 501, 505 on Ignat’ev, A. A., 453-57, 472-73 on individual initiative, 474 on Kazarinov, 479-80 on Keller, 556-57 on Kerensky, 507-8, 533-34, 536-38, 540-42 Index on Khabalov, 577n255 on Kiev, 545-48 on Kiev Military Academy, 456 on Kornilov, 531-34, 536-37, 541, 543, 550-51
on Krasnoe Selo, 461-62 on Kronstadt mutiny, 462-64 on land captain, 448—49 on Lenin, 438, 542 on Liubomirov, 490 on the living corpse, 475-76 on Lukomsky, 503, 504-5, 522, 560 on Makarov, A. A., 476 on Mann, H., 487, 573nl54 on Mann, T., 486-87 on maps, 442-43 on memoir, 442, 444-Л6 on Miasoedov, 495-96 on Miscellany ofthe Union ofPages, 440-41 on mistakes, 442, 464-65, 509, 520, 539^40, 545-46, 550 on morale, 511-12 on Nicholas II, 459-60, 476-77, 482—83, 485, 506-8, 516-22, 525, 555, 568n59, 577n261 on Nikolaevich, N., 494-96, 500, 505, 506, 514, 524, 528, 529, 547, 568n64 on non-noble officers, 478-79 on Novoselov, 57ІПІ03 on O’Connor, 567n27 on Page Corps, 440-41, 454-55, 456 on Page Corps comrades, 452-54, 457 on Petliura, 547, 555-58 on pogroms, 461, 558-59 on political fracture, 500—501 on politics, 506-8 on Poiivanov, 478, 492-93, 574nl80 on Protopopov, 506-7, 510, 515 on Rasputin, 476-78, 501nl03, 505, 507 on reaction, 467-70 on Rennenkampf 489-90 on retreat, 490, 498-501 on Revolution, 437-39 on Rodzianko, 456, 477, 482, 516-17, 521,550 on Romanov dynasty jubilee, 482-83 on Russian memoirs, 445-46 on Ruzsky, 491-92, 497, 511, 512, 513-14, 561-62, 577n255 on sale of offices, 477 on Samsonov, 488—90 on Stanislavskii, 570n98 on Steinberg, J. W., 478 on Stolypin, 449, 468-69, 571nll4 on Sukhomlinov, 480, 496 on Tarnopol, 519-20, 532
Index on Tolstoy, L., 447-48, 464, 475, 498, 527-28, 570ո98 on Tolstoy, P. M., 493-94,496 on Trubetskoi, S. N., 568ո59 on Ukrainian Rada, 547-48, 552 on village, 446—47, 483 on Vyrubov, 493-95, 537-38 on women, 437-38 on Zemgor, 493-94, 505, 510 on Zhilinskii, 490 Brusilov, Aleksei Alekseevich (general), 353n9 abdication and, 140-41, 352 Alekseev and, 353, 519 A Broken Life on, 460, 504, 511, 519, 535, 568n64 demands of, 135-39, 340, 345, 353, 353Ш0 on horseback riding, 135-41, 139nn31-32 promotion of, 460, 568n64 replacement of, 364 Bubnov, Aleksandr Dmitrievich, 506 Bubnov, Mikhail Vladimirovich, 528 Budberg, Nikolai Aleksandrovich (baron), 108, 157-58, 464 Bulgakov, Mikhail Afanas’evich, 439 Bulgaria, 485 Bunchuk (horse), 136n27, 136-37, 142 Bunin, Ivan Alekseevich, 438-39 Bushnell, John, 458 Buturlin, Vasia, 68, 68nl2 Cabinet Ministers, 295, 332 Cadets. See Constitutional Democrats calendar, xvii—xviii Cameron, Tanya Alexandra, xvii, 439, 564 capital punishment, 181, 465, 467, 533-34 Christianity and, 201—2 card games, 406, 435 casualties, xxxix at Battle of Baranovichi, 504 at Batde of Przasnysz, 307-8, 308п34, 504 of cavalry, 259 at Tannenberg, 489 catastrophe adaptability and, 281 aircraft and, 281-82, 282nl6 Austria-Hungary related to, 283-84, 284nnl9-21 baggage wagons retreat before, 278 Chief of Staff before, 278 commanders and, 281 dam and, 279 diplomacy and, 281 discipline and, 283 disorder before, 278-79 friend at, 279 591 Glukhovsky Dragoons before, 277-78 ignorance and, 281-82 individual initiative related to, 282-83 literacy related to, 283, 283nl8, 490-91
Ludendorff on, 282, 282nl7 news on,279-80 opinion of, 280-81 problem related to, 281 Cathedral of Ascension, 551 Cathedral of Christ the Savior, 481 Catherine the Great, 234, 234n38, 369, 369n24, 483 Caucasian hood {bashlyk ), 121, 12ІПІ5 cavalry, 214, 220n28, 220-21 advance guard of, 257-58 arms of, 261 border crossing by, 257, 261 casualties of, 259 caution of, 257 confhsion and, 256 dam and, 259, 259n5, 261 disorder of, 258-59, 259n4 evacuation of, 260—61 fear and, 257-58 on foreign land, 257 machine-gun fire at, 258 maintenance of, 474 order refusal for, 260 orders for, 259-60 patrol guard of, 263 reconnaissance patrols of, 256 cavalry action delay of, 255 into Eastern Prussia, 255-56 Novogeorgievsk—Osovets and, 255 cavalry and infantry colonel. See rotmistr cavalry sergeant-major. See Vakhmistr Charles XII of Sweden (king), 217 Chebykin, Pavel Aleksandrovich (colonel), 377, 543 Chernov, Viktor, 541 Chernykh (Khokhol), 173, 173nll, 175 Chertopkhanov, 33-34, 450 Chief of Staff, 240n4, 240-41, 537 childbirth, 23-24 childhood, xiii birth in, 440, 447 Blanche in, 5-6, 7, 15, 18, 19, 34 carriage accident in, 3 church in, 3^i, 7, 40-42, 41n40, 44, 448 clothes in, 14-15 early remembrances in, 3-6 French language in, 5-6 God in, 7-8 horses in, 6 house fire in, 6, 447
592 Index childhood {cont.) labor in, 14 land scarcity and, 27-31, 449 Lilia in, 4 mother in, 3, 5, 7, 8, 13, 16nl4, 16-17, 27 nurse in, 7-8, 447 pranks in, 4-5,447 siblings in, 4, 7, 8 soldiers in, 6-7, 8,18 See ako Olfer’ev, Sergei Nikolaevich childhood estate (Kurchino) (1893) development of, 37 district chief at, 9, 9n3 expenses of, 37-39, 38n38 fence at, 192, 193 forests at, 10-11 grain market and, 38, 38n38 horses at, 8-9 without labor, 189 labor for, 38-39 land captain of, 448^19 memories at, 191-92 money in, 189-90 overgrowth at, 191-92 Pavlov, I., at, 193-94 peasants and, 9, 11 photograph at, 191 provincial head for, 8, 9-10 purchase of, 37 railroad near, 38, 38n39 rituals at, 11 road to, 9, 9n2 sale of, 190, 191 servants at, 9, 10, 10n5 treats at, 10, 10n6 village at, 192-94, 446—47 visit to, 191-94, 193n3, 194n4 childhood friends (1893-1898), 15nll activities with, 12, 12n8 alcohol and, 15-16, 16nnl2-l4 Baranenok as, 12n7, 13-14 costumes for, 18 death of, 13, 24 “dirty stories” of, 12 education and, 18, 19 Enamushkaas, 12n7, 13 feet and, 15 food for, 17, 17nl5 growing up and, 19-20 Kokorevas, 12, 12n7, 15 loss of, 19, 19nl7 Matveevas, 12n7, 12-13 names related to, 448—49 Page Corps comrades compared to, 59, 59n7 Pavlov, I., as, 13-14 peasants as, 11-12, 12n7 poverty of, 13, 17, 449 pranks with, 18 respect from, 14 reunion with, 20, 20nl8 Sashutka as, 15nll, 17nl5, 17-20, 18nl6, 19nl7, 20nl8 Sinev as, 12n7, 13 singing about, 14 soldier games with, 18 in winter, 19 Zadornyi as, 14, 14nl0 children at Aleksandrovsky Palace, 99 Battle of Przasnysz related to, 307,
307nn32֊33 of Jews, 145—46 See ako childhood friends; Olferielf, Aleksandra; Olferielf, Mary (Masha); Olferieff, Sergei China, 206nl Boxer Rebellion of, 264n2 Mukden in, 213, 213nl7 population of, 249 Christianity capital punishment and, 201-2 See ako God church, 389, 389n49 in Battle of Przasnysz, 298 A Broken Life on, 448, 455, 481, 551, 555 Cathedral of Christ the Savior, 481 in childhood, 3-4, 7, 40-42, 4ln40, 44, 448 marriage and, 204 music in, 79-80 oath in, 44 in Page Corps, 455 Simansky, S. V., 336, 336n8, 509 Circum-Baikal Railway, 215, 215n 18 civil unrest, 465 among peasants, xxiii-xxiv, xxv, 118, 118n9, 373-75 among sailors, 123-25, 462-63 civil wars, xvi-xvii, xlix-1 class. See social class Clausewitz, Karl von, 208, 208n4, 209, 473 Club of Nobility, 234, 234n37 Coast and Geodetic Survey, U.S., 431 commanders, 247-48, 281, 502 of aviation, 319, 319n44 in Livonia, 162-63, 169 of regiment, 227-28, 230-32 ofTurkestan Corps, 284, 286, 288, 290—91 See ако Supreme Command communication on Battle of Przasnysz, 299, 301 in beginning of end, 332-33
Index Congress of City Council Representatives, xxii Constituent Assembly, xxiv, xlvi-xlvii, 375, 463, 538-39 “Constitutional Assembly of the All-Russian Peasants Union,” xxiv Constitutional Democrats (Cadets, Kadets), xx, xxxv, 383ո43 consumption, 235, 235ո39 Corcovado, SS, 420-21, 564 Corps staff Bagratuni in, 292 control and, 294 gossip among, 294-95 money and, 292-93 optimism of, 293-94 Ponyrko in, 292-93 reputation of, 293 Sheideman in, 291-92 Tolstoy, R M., and, 292, 293-95 Zem-Hussars and, 294, 294nn28-29, 294-95 See ако Tsikhovich, Yanuary Kazimirovich Cossacks, 112, 385n46, 407, 515-16, 551 in second army attacks, 264-65 Voiskovoi Krug of, 386n48, 386—87 counterrevolutionary nationalist movement, xl, 383n42, 555-56 county councils. See land councils coup d’état, 509—10 cow, for taxes, 46 Craig, Gordon, 484—85 Crimea, xlix crossroads Alekseev in, 389n49, 389-91 authority in, 383nn42-43, 383-84 Diterikhs in, 382, 389n50, 389-91 Donets Basin in, 385n46, 385-86 Kornilov in, 388 normalcy in, 388 registration in, 388 slogan in, 388-89 terrorists in, 387-88 Ukrainian Rada in, 383, 383n41, 547-48, 552 Voiskovoi Krug in, 386n48, 386-87 Cuban missile crisis, 444-45 Czernowitz (Chernovtsy), Bukovina, 355, 355nl3, 358, 531-32 D., Prince, 227-28, 479 Dan, Fedor Il’ich, 541 dancing, 82-84 Danilov, Yury Nikiforovich, 329, 329n2 Danilovsky, Anatoly Alekseevich (Totoshka), 54, 54n3, 56 d’Anselme, Philippe Henri-Joseph, 559-60 593 Dardanelles, 274, 274nnl2-l4 dates, xvii-xviii deaths, 13, 71nl3, 236 of Aleksander III, 43—44, 451, 540 in civil wars, xlix of Dukhonin, 377-78, 380,
540, 543-45 of Kaledin, 386-87, 545, 546 of Kerensky, 368n23 of Konstantinovich, 82 mourning after, 24—25 of Nicholas II, 43^4, 555 of Olfer’ev, S. N., 39, 69, 105 of Olferieff, E, 435 of Olferieff, Marusia, 435 of Olferieff, Sergei, 433 saikus related to, 380 in Supreme Headquarters’ end, 377-79, 379n39, 380 in village, 483 See also assassinations; capital punishment; murders December 1917. See crossroads Decembrists, 63 Declaration of March 3, xliv-xlvi decolonization, xli, xlix defense, 473 gates for, 116 Delta Upsilon fraternity, 431 demonstrations, 339, 512-16 Denikin, Anton Ivanovich, xvi, 353, 353nl 1 A Broken Life on, 492, 535-38, 543, 545, 551, 560, 582n360 German occupation and, 404 in revolution deepening, 368-69 Volunteer Army and, 556 in White army cradle, 357-58 desertions, 330, 381, 506 d’Espèrey, Louis Franchet (general), 563 destruction. See pogroms Directory, 407, 555 crime in, 558-59 disciplinary battalion, 167 discipline, 366—67, 372 catastrophe and, 283 in regiment, 228-30 in revolution deepening, 535-36 Verkhovsky and, 69, 456-57 district chief (volostnoi starshind), 9, 9n3 Diterikhs, Mikhail Konstantinovich, 537, 545 Alekseev and, 382, 551 in crossroads, 382, 389n49, 389-91 on Kerensky, 377 in revolution deepening, 369n25, 369-70 Dolgorukov, Vasilii Andreevich, 479, 583n380 Dominican College (San Francisco), 428
594 Index Don Cossacks, 385ո46, 407, 551 Doné, Cornet, 229-30, 479-80 Donets Basin, 216, 216n20, 385n46, 385-86 Donskoi, Boris Mikhailovich, 553 Doroshenko, Dmytro Ivanovich, 541 Dostoevskii, Fedor (Dostoevsky), 447, 544 double agents, 273, 495 Dowler, Wayne, 437 Dragomirov, Mikhail Ivanovich, 55, 55n6 blame from, 92, 92nn28-29 dragoons, 88, 276-78 Drenteln, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 106, 106n42 dressing gown (khaki), 119-20, 120nl3 drum majors, 200-201 dual power, xliv-xlv Dubenskii, Dmitrii Nikolaevich, 510, 526 Dubrovskii, Sergei Mitrofanovich, xxiii Dukhonin, Nikolai Nikolaevich (general), xv, 325n52, 368, 376 A Broken Life on, 494-95, 537, 540-45, 568n64 Chebykin and, 377 as Chief of Staff, 537 death of, 377-78, 380, 540, 543^5 Kerensky and, 368n23, 541-42 Kornilov and, 541, 543 Krylenko and, 378, 542-43 Odintsov and, 378 in revolution deepening, 367, 367n23 Dukhov, 165-66 Duma, 185n22, 222n32, 233n36, 292n27, 347n7, 469, 540 “Appeal to the People” in, xxvii-xxviii Cabinet Ministers and, 295, 332 February/March 1917 revolution and, xlii, xliv—xlviii Fourth, xxxii, 267n8, 332n5, 468 Great War and, xli-xlii, xliv Krylenko in, 375n35 Nicholas II and, xxvii-xxviii, 235, 349, 476-77 recall of, 500-501 Second, xxx-xxxi, 31, 119 Shulgin in, 344nl, 350 Stolypin and, xxx—xxxiii Third, xxxi-xxxii, 185n25, 185-86, 186n27, 232 voting for, xxvi Durnovo, Petr Nikolaevich, 485-86 Duveneck, Josephine, 430-31 Dybenko, Pavel Efimovich, 539 Izhunkovskii, Vladimir Fedorovich, 482 , Rotmistr, 226—27, 479 See abo trial of honor eagle eye, 112 Eastern Prussia, 250, 295-97, 473 cavalry action
into, 255-56 defeat in, 489-91 ecclesiastical procession, 95, 95n31 education, xiii, 196 childhood friends and, 18, 19 county council and, 48, 48n44 in Holy Scriptures, 50 illiteracy and, 47 about Jews, 50-51, 452 land councils and, 48, 48n44 of Olferieff, Masha, 428-29 Page Corps for, 48—49, 59, 59n7 Real Schools for, 49, 49n45 from Sadikov, 51n47, 51-52, 55, 452 of Shura, 427-28, 430, 431 from Stein, 49, 49n46 teacher training for, 48 from Turchaninov, 49-51 village school for, 47-^8 See abo literacy; Page Corps education Eichhorn, Hermann von, 553 Eizenshtein, Sergei, 481 Elchaninov, Andrei Georgievich (colonel), 215,218, 219,474, 570n95 11th Siberian Rifle Division, 287—88 Emmons, Terence, xx emotions, 126 Enamushka, Avdotia, 15nll, 15-17 Enamushka, Van’ka, 12n7, 13 “encounter battles,” 213, 474 the end confusion in, 348^19 disappointment in, 349 fantasy about, 344 Kerensky’s times in, 350-55 See abo action and counteraction; revolution deepening; Supreme Headquarters end Engelgardt, Boris Aleksandrovich (baron), 62 alcohol and, 109, 111-12 politics of, 456 singing by, 110, 113 withdrawal of, 108, 114, 115 England, 486 entrance exams for Page Corps, 54—55, 55n4, 452 for War Academy, 207, 471-72 Epanchin, Nikolai Alekseevich, 76, 91, 454 epidemics, 26, 416—17, 560 Erdeli, Vanechka, 373, 373nn31—32 Ershov, Lieutenant, 136-37, 149, 153 Ershov, Sasha, 199 escape, 425-26 Estonia, xxv, 331n4, 331-32
Index ethnic cleansing, 500 Evert, Aleksei Ermolaevich, 345, 345n2, 504 faith definition of, 40 everyday life in, 40 heresy and, 40 picture of, 40 priests sins and, 40-42, 41n40 in Russia’s old order foundation, 4ln49, 47, 49^2 family, 381-82, 391 See abo childhood; OlferiefF, Mary (Matusia) Grevens Farman, Henri, 282nl6 Farman, Maurice, 282nl6 Farrar, Lancelot L., 474—75 father. See Olfer’ev, Sergei Nikolaevich Fatherland, 526 concept of, 44-45 French against, 45 size of, 45 taxes for, 45-46 February/March 1917 revolution, xiv-xv, 371n30, 383n42 abdication and, bulli, xliv, xlviii, 343-50, 345n2, 521-27 certainty of, xli-xlii confhsion of, 350, 360, 512-13 conspiracy related to, xlii as decolonization, xli dual power before, xliv-xlv Duma and, xlii, xliv-xlviii, 350 February 19/March 4, 1917, 515 February 20-22 /March 5-7, 515 February 24/March 9,515 February 25/March 10, 515-16 February 26/March 11, 516-17 February 27-28/March 12-13, 518, 522 February 27/March 12, 513-14, 517 February 28/March 13, 519 March 1/14, 519-23, 529 March 1/15, 523 March 3/16, 525 March 8/21, 525-27 March 11/24, 528 March 14/27, 530 March 18/31, 528 March 22/April 4, 529 memories about, 518 military dictator in, 517-18 mutinies in, 516—19 Nicholas II and, 516—22 Order No. 1 and, 529 Order No. 114 in, 530 595 State Council in, 518 strikes in, 515—16 Fedia. See Olferielf, Fedor Sergeevich; specific topics Fedorovna, Aleksandra (aunt), 190-91 Fedorovna, Aleksandra (empress, tsarina), 89, 89n24, 100, 102 at ball, 482-83 character of, 101 conversations with, 131, 13ІПІ9, 154, 455, 456, 462 on
demonstrations, 516 hostilities and, 519, 577n261 against Nikolaevich, N., 494-95 Orlov and, 151-52 portraits of, 43, 43nn42-43 shooting near, 95-96 Fedorovna, Maria (empress), 88, 88n23, 347, 456 appearance of, 101, 103, 103n35 conversations with, 103, 103nn36-39, 105 languages of, 101, 103—4 mannerisms of, 101, 103 Mikhailovich, A., with, 519 promotion from, 107 Fedyshyn, Oleh, 552, 553-54 fencing, 429, 430, 430 field court-martial, 176-77, 181, 466-67 Filimonych, Pavel, 13, 13n9 FiUis, James, 135, 135n26 Fdonenko, Maksimilian Maksimilianovich, 535 Filosofov, Pavel Vladimirovich, 118, 118nl0, 119, 141—42, 458 Finland, xl, 118, 212nl5, 24ln5, 547 fires, 6, 447 I Don Regiment of Cossacks, 515-16 Flight (Bulgakov), 439 food, 22-23, 267, 303 at Novyi Shvaneburg estate, 172, 172nl0, 172-73 food scarcity, 236, 483 bread in, 394-95 A Broken Life on, 512-13, 514—16, 552 grain, 552 in Kiev terror, 394-95, 397 in Petrograd, 338-39 quality and, 22-23 Forest Brothers, xiv, xxv, 177-78, 465 arrest related to, 168-69, 171, 466 “Forward Theater,” 217 Fourth Duma, xxxii, 2б7п8, 332ո5, 468 fox, 171 France Joffre from, 462 Medvedev and, 418 revolution and, 418
596 Index Franz Ferdinand, Archduke, 245, 485 Frederiks (count), 105-6, 352 Frederiks, Vladimir Borisovich, 335, 335ո7, 508 freedom of speech, xlv Freidenberg, Henri (colonel), 418, 4l8nnl-2 visa from, 419 French against Fatherland, 45 occupation by, 562-63 Volunteer Army and, 563 French language, 101, 172 in childhood, 5-6 examination on, 54—55 of OlferiefF, Marusia, 421, 428-29 French Revolution, 373n33 Freydenberg, Henry (general), 562-63 Frierson, Cathy, 447 the front, 241 n6, 264, 402 action and counteraction and, 365-67 See also specific banks Fuller, William C., Jr., 464, 496 Fullon, Ivan Aleksandrovich, 96n32, 96-97 Fundamental Laws, xxvi-xxvii Aleksander III and, xviii-xix Galenko, Boris Vasil’evich, 479 Galicia, 283-84, 284nn 19-21 Gallwitz, Max von, 291, 291n26, 497 Ganin, Andrei Vladislavovich, 440, 471, 520 Gannibal, Abram Petrovich, 89, 89n26 Gapon, Georgii Apollonovich, xxiii Gartman, Karlusha, 108, 108n3 General Staff, xv description of, 205 in Kiev, 547 War Academy related to, 206 General Staff Academy, xiii-xiv, 440, 441 in Red Army, 520 See ako War Academy generals, 209 German border control, 252, 254-55 German doctor, 265n4, 265-66 German language, 49 German occupation, xlix, 552 Denikin and, 404 headquarters of, 402 money in, 405 mourning in, 406 nationalism in, 403 public order of, 402 restaurant work in, 405n64, 405-6, 555 Russian nationalism in, 553-54 Southwestern Front in, 402 Tsikhovich in, 404-5 Ukrainian Army and, 404-5 warnings in, 403 Germans in Kiev terror, 401, 401n63 power of, 179 during revolution, 181 Germany aviation of, 318, 318n42, 504
defeat of, 555 England against, 486 execution in, 201—2 imperialism of, xxxvii intelligence gathering on, 219 pre-mobilization period and, 246 revolution in, 406-7 Russian Germans against, 181-82 standard of living in, 200 travels in, 200n9, 200-202 Ukraine occupation by, xlix war with, xxxvi—xxxix, 213—14 Germogen, Bishop, 476 Gershelman (Gershel’man), Vasia, 88, 387-88, 550 Glinka, Mikhail Ivanovich, 482 Globova, Irina, xxxv Glukhovsky Dragoons, 277-78 God, 189, 189nl, 422n4, 422-23, 583n380 in action and counteraction, 362, 362nl6 in childhood, 7-8 poetry on, 234, 245, 341, 346, 482, 520 Rasputin and, 224 ofToIstoy, L., 447—48 Tsar related to, 42, 43, 450-51, 525-26 “God Save the Tsar,” 234, 245, 341, 346, 482, 520 gold dinnerware, 428 Gol’denveizer, Aleksei Aleksandrovich, 548-49, 558 Golovin, Nikolai Nikolaevich, 207n3, 207-8, 209, 210, 472-73, 570n89 Goremykin, Ivan Logginovich, 222, 222n32, 232 A Broken Life on, 477, 494-95 grain, 29, 29n31, 38, 38n38, 552 Grain Growers, 407-9, 411, 554, 557 grandfather, 36-37, 41 Turchaninov and, 50-51 great retreat, 498-500, 505-6 Great War army refhsal in, 205 casualties in, xxxix—xl Duma and, xli-xlii, xliv expectation of, 484 imperial army disintegration and, xv-xvi Kutepov in, 393n53 Northwestern Front in, 241n6
Index refogees in, xl responsibility for, xxxvii-xxxix revolution of 1917, xiv-xv See ako specific battles greed, 190-91 Greek Order of the Savior medal, 80, 81 Greens, 392, 392n51 Grenadiers. See Horse Grenadiers Regiment Grevens, Marusia academy and, 198-99 affection of, 194—95 agreement with, 199 appearance of, 194 Belgium trip for, 198-99 dining with, 195 education of, 196 forgiveness of, 195, 195n6 freedom of, 197 Horse Grenadiers Regiment and, 195—96, 199 independence of, 195, 195n6, 197 isolation of, 196 letters to, 199 marriage permission and, 199 museums with, 198 thoughts about, 196 travels of, 196-97 visits with, 196, 197, 197nn7-8 Grevs, Aleksandr Petrovich (general), 408, 408n67, 410, 556 Griboedov, 379, 379n39 Grigor’ev, Nikifor Aleksandrovich, 218, 562-63 Grishin-Almazov, Aleksei Nikolaevich, 559-60 Grodno, 473 Gromyko, Ivan Ilich, 343 Gröner, Wilhelm (general), 552 Grushevsky, Mikhail Sergeevich, 383n43, 383-84 Guchkov, Aleksandr Ivanovich, 186, 186n26, 350, 550 A Broken Life on, 476—77, 492—93, 510, 530 guidons, 245, 245nl Gurko, Iosif Vladimirovich, 336nll, 336—37 Gurko, Varvara Nikolaevna, 412, 414 Gurko, Vasily Iosifovich, 337, 337nl2, 509-10 Gurko, Vladimir Iosifovich, ЗЗбпІО, 336-38, 337nl2,509-10 Gutor, Aleksei Evgen’evich (general), 341, 34ІПІ9, 344, 520 gypsies expression of, 126-27 impression of, 126 597 Nicholas II with, 125-27 Shishkin with, 125 singing by, 125-27 Haimson, Leopold, xxxiv-xxxv hard rightists, xxxii—xxxiii Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi, 514—15, 577n24l hatred, 545 “A healthy mind in a healthy body” (Mens Sano in Corpore Sano), 20η 19 adultery
in, 25 bathing in, 22 Battle of Kulikovo and, 20n29, 26 childbirth in, 23-24 death in, 24-25 doctor in, 26, 26n29 epidemics in, 26 family in, 21-22 food in, 22-23 homestead in, 21, 21n23 manure in, 23 murders in, 25 peasant huts in, 20n20, 20-21, 21nn21-22 planter in, 21, 21n24 population increase in, 23 productivity in, 23 prostitution in, 25 sexuality in, 25-26 syphilis in, 25—26 winter in, 21 heirs christening (Aleksei), 455 assignment for, 89 cape accident at, 90 Court uniforms for, 87 footman at, 90 Greek queen at, 89-91 joking at, 90 meeting baby after, 91 morale related to, 85—86 Negroes and, 89, 89n26 at Peterhof Palace, 89 summons at, 90-91 train management at, 87-90 Heller, Michel, 438 Herzegovina annexation, xxxvi Herzen, Aleksandr Ivanovich, 437 Hidden Villa Ranch (Los Altos, California), 430-31 Hindenburg, Field Marshal, 282nl7 His Majesty’s Hussars, 97 History ofthe Page Corps (Shilder), 56, 57, 58 History ofthe Russian State (Karamzin), 540 Hollywood, California, 429, 430, 430 Holquist, Peter, 437 Holy Week, 419 at Aleksandrovsky Palace, 104-5
598 Index honesty, 77-78 Hoover Institution Archives, 441 hope, 511 in beginning of end, 340 horse, 6, 8-9, 141 Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 80-81, 101, 103, 103nn36֊38,458 advice in, 134n25, 134-35 alcohol in, 109-15, 122, 172, 172nl0 alienation in, 115-16 ammunition transport by, 120nl4, 120-22 Barracks Park and, 121-23 Budberg in, 108 duties of, 118 Engelgardt in, 108, 109, 110, 111-12, 113-14 expenses of, 129 as family, 115-16 first guard duty in, 118-19 first squadron of, 155n42, 155-56 Grevens and, 195-96, 199 gypsies with, 125-28 honors in, 150 horseback riding in, 134-40 human nature and, 116 leave from, 130, 183-84, 191-94, 199-204 music for, 109, 109nn4-7, 112-14, 125-28 Nicholas II with, 125-34,129, 138, 459-60 police and, 119-20 promotion to, 107-8, 108nnl-2 Regimental adjutant of, 162-63 romance in, 184 sailors against, 123-25, 462-63 Shults, S. R.,in, 110-11, 128, 128nnl6-17 singing in, 112-14 social class in, 114-15 third squadron of, 156, 156nn43—í4 tradition of, 115-16 uniforms for, 107, 187-88 Vasilchikov in, 111 vodka in, 108-9, 111 women in, 184 horse stud farm, 142-46, 460 horseback riding accident while, 136, 136n28 Ber on, 134n24, 134-35 Brusilov on, 135—41, 139nn31-32 Bunchuk in, 136n27, 136-37, 142 cult of, 135 disgrace in, 138—40 Fiilis system of, 135, 135n26 importance of, 142 Ivanovna and, 136, 136n28 jumping in, 135-39 Nikolaevich, N., on, 135-36, 138-39 Orlov and, 137-38 review of, 137-38 of Ulan Regiment, 137-38 Vinberg and, 137n29, 137-38 See aho Yanov horse-breaking, 144 horse-breeding, 142-43 horse-races A Broken Life on, 459, 462
commendation after, 150 Elagin Island after, 148^9 Ershov, L., and, 136-37, 149, 153 fhlfillment in, 154 lateness after, 149-50, 155 Nicholas II and, 150 opponent at, 147-48 Samarkand after, 149, I49n36 starting of, 147 steeple chase win in, 150 win at, 148, 154 woman at, 147—19 House of Romanov celebration, 233-34, 482-83 Hrushevsky, Mikhailo Serhiyovych, 547 Hughes instrument, 339, 339nl6 hunting, 164, 164n5, 170n9, 170-71 Ianushkevich, Nikolai Nikolaevich, 473, 501, 505 Ignatev, Aleksei Pavlovich, 34-35, 185, 185n22 Ignat’ev, Aleksei Alekseevich, 453-57, 472-73, 502 Ilia Muromets-type airplanes, 322nn49-50, 322-24 Iliodor, Hieromonk, 476 illness, 78-79, 428 of Alekseev, 338-39, 513 syphilis, 25-26 typhus epidemic, 416-17, 560 Imperial Nicholas Military Academy, 205-6 India, 133-34 individual initiative, 474 catastrophe related to, 282-83 War Academy and, 214 initiative, 214, 282-83, 309, 474 Innokentievich, Aleksandr, 288-89 instruction. See education “Interior Operational Lines,” 214-15 interrogation, 169, 268 Isarlov, Iosif Lukich, 178, 467 career of, 176-77 character of, 176
Index Ivanitsky-Vasilenko, Kolia, Зб, 3бп35 Ivanitsky-Vasilenko, Mitrofan Vasilevich, 35-36 Ivanitsky-Vasilenko, Pasha, 36, ЗбпЗб, 92-94 Ivanov, Grisha, 87, 87n20 Ivanov, Nikolai Iudovich, 124, 339, 339nl7, 463, 499-500 mutinies and, 517-18 Ivanovna, Tatiana, 7-8, 19-20, 50, 447 horseback riding and, 136, 136n28 Ivin, Sergei Leonidovich, 33-34, 450 Janów. See Yanov January 6, 1905, 95-97 Japan, 425 See abo Russo-Japanese war Jews, xx, xxi, xl, 114, 374 children of, 145-46 education about, 50-51, 452 opinion about, 45 prostitution by, 146 in secret service, 273 in Warsaw 1914, 238, 240, 240n3, 488 in Yanov, 142, l45nn34-35, 145-46, 460-61 Zelik, 108 See abo pogroms Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire (general), 462 John 1:11,269, 269n9 Jordan basin, 95, 95n30 “June 3 system,” xxxi-xxxii, xxxiv Kadets. See Constitutional Democrats Kaledin, Aleksei Maksimovich, 376, 376n38 Alekseev and, 386, 550-51 death of, 386-87, 545, 546 Kamenev, Private, 230, 232 Kamer-Pages, 65-66 Karamzin, Nikolai Mikhailovich, 540 Kazarinov, Mikhail Grigor’evich, 479-80 Kelchevsky, Colonel, 219, 219n26 Keller, Fedor Eduardovich (Fedor Arturovich), 406n65, 407-8,411 A Broken Life on, 554, 556-57 murder of, 557 in Page Corps, 75nl7, 75-76, 84 Kenez, Peter, 563 “Kerenskii offensive,” 532-33 Kerensky (Kerenskii), Aleksandr Fedorovich, 266-67, 267nn7-8, 370, 370n27 A Broken Life on, 507-8, 533-34, 536—38, 540-42 death of, 368n23 Diterikhs on, 377 Dukhonin and, 368n23, 541-42 Kornilov and, 364-65, 534, 536-38 599 portrait of, 361-62 principles of, 387-88 Kerensky’s times, 527-28 approval of, 350-51 Army Staff in,
355, 355nl3 army’s decay in, 351—52 Baranovsky and, 351 Borisov in, 352-53 danger in, 354 General Staff Headquarters in, 350 Rasputin related to, 354 saluting in, 351 Khabalov, Sergei Sergeevich (general), 515, 516, 517, 577n255 khaUt (dressing gown), 119-20, 120nl3 Kherson province, xxiv, 418, 562—63 Khristiani, Grigory Grigorevich, 208n9, 208-9 Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich, 274, 274nl3, 444 Khrustalev, Vladimir Nikolaevich, 526 Kiev, xvi Bolshevik Communist Party in, 547-49 General Staff in, 547 housing in, 546 scarcity in, 546-47 Kiev Military Academy, 456 Kiev terror: January 1918 apartment in, 391-92, 392n51 Austria and, 393, 393n52 Cheka in, 400n63, 400-401 family in, 393-95, 394n55 food scarcity in, 394-95, 397 Germans in, 401, 40In64 gunfire in, 396, 397, 397n60 Lenin and, 392 manual labor in, 394 money in, 393, 394-95, 395n56 murder in, 398, 400, 400n63 police station in, 395nn57-58, 395-96 population in, 392 Red Army in, 396-97, 398 Red Cross in, 399n61, 399-400 searches in, 397-98 Stefanovich in, 395n59, 395-96, 398 strike in, 396 weapons in, 397n60, 397-98 Kiev threat, 168-69 Kiiaschenko, Georgy Tityc, 370, 370n28, 537 Kirpichev, Lev Nilovich (colonel, general), 408, 408n66, 555-56 Kirpichev Squad, 555-57 barricade from, 408-9, 411 Directory and, 407 economics and, 407 German protection of, 410, 4l0n69
600 Kirpichev Squad {cont.) Grain Growers and, 407, 409, 411 money for, 408, 408n68 Russian Corps and, 407, 407n65 shooting at, 409-10 Skoropadsky and, 406-7 kisses, 184 kitel’ (uniformjacket), 153, 153ո41 Klembovskii, Vladislav Napoleonovich (general), 521 Kokorev, Pet’ka, 12, 12n7, 15 Kokorin, Nikolai Kirillovich, 502 Kokovtsov, Vladimir Nikolaevich, 571nl 14 Koliubakin, Boris Mikhailovich, 208n8, 208-9 Kollontai, Aleksandra Mikhailovna, 438 Konstantinovich, Konstantin Romanov (grand duke), 62, 63, 69, 76-79 audience with, 81, 455 A Broken Life on, 455 death of, 82 father and, 81 innovation from, 81-82 luncheon with, 80-81 Konstantinovich, Tatiana, 79-80 Konstantinovna, Olga (Greek queen), 79-81, 89-91,462 Konstantinovna, Vera (duchess), 80 Kornetik, 153, 153n40, 154 Kornilov, Lavr Georgievich (general), xv—xvi, 266n6, 266-67, 267n7, 355 action and counteraction with, 362, 362nl7 Alekseev and, 365, 550-51 A Broken Life on, 531-34, 536-37, 541, 543, 550-51 Dukhonin and, 541, 543 elevation of, 361, 36ІПІ5, 531, 533 ineffectiveness of, 364, 532 Kerensky and, 364—65, 534, 536—38 in prison, 373 in White army cradle, 356-57, 360-61 The Kornilov Affair (Kerenskii), 534 Kornilov Rebellion, 71 Kossopolianskaia, 32 Kovno fortress, 218 Kozlovskih Iakov Pavlovich, 495 Krasnoe Selo, 139n32, 139—40, 461-62 See abo horseback riding Krasnov, Petr Nikolaevich, 160, 160nnl-2, 160-62, 465 Krasovskii, Mikhail Iakovlevich, 412-13, 559 Kremenetsky, Colonel, 302, 305-6 Kronstadt mutiny, 462-64 Kropotkin, Petr Alekseevich, 63, 456 Krushevan, Povolaky, 163-64 Index Kruten, Lieutenant, 316n38,
316-17, 502-4 Kruzenshtern, Koko, 331-32, 506-7 Krylenko, Nikolai Vasilevich background of, 542 Dukhonin and, 378, 542^43 as Supreme Commander, 375, 375n35 Krylov, Mikhail Evgen’evich (Pristav), 516, 577n24l Krymov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich, 266n6, 266-67, 269 Kuchevsky, Vanechka, 410-11 kulaks, 186 Kurchino, See childhood estate Kuropatkin, Aleksei Nikolaevich, 92, 92nn27֊28, 338 Kusonskii (Kusonsky), Pavel Alekseevich, 404-5, 531, 537 Kustodiev, Boris Mikhailovich, 480 Kutepov, Aleksandr Pavlovich, 393, 393n54, 393-94 Kutuzov, Mikhail Illarionovich, 508 Kvetsinskii, Mikhail Fedorovich (general), 522 Laidoner, Ivan Iakovlevich (Laidoner, Johan), 331n4, 331-32, 506-7 Laiming, Gasha, 279 land councils (zemstvos), xix—xx, 194, 194n4 education and, 48, 48n44 Stolypin and, xxxiii Vyrubov and, 370n26, 371, 371n30 land scarcity boundaries and, 27-29 cereal grains and, 29, 29n31 crop division and, 30 holdings in, 30nn32-33, 30-31, 31n34 Moscow factories and, 30 peasants and, 27-31 plows and, 29 population increase and, 29 productivity and, 30, 30nn32-33 redistribution in, 31 rural community ownership in, 31, 31n34 Šalova and, 27 solutions for, 30 landed gentry, 31, 170,446,449,466 Ermolinskys as, 33 Ignatev, A. P„ as, 34—35 Ivanitsky-Vasilenko, M. V., and, 35-36 Ivin as, 33—34, 450 Kossopolianskaia as, 32 landlady as, 32 money for, 32 Potemkin as, 35 work of, 32-33 Žagariņa as, 33 Zhdanov and, 36, 36n37
Index languages, 49, 170, 172, 451-52 of Fedorovna, Maria, 101, 103—4 in Livonia, 159-60 Tula Province and, 163, 163nn3-4 See ako French language Latvia, xxv, 465-67, 536 leave, 69, 237-38, 336-38, 509 from Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 130, 183-84, 191-94, 199-204 Lebedeff, Ivan, 430, 430 Lebedev, Pavel Pavlovich, 345, 345n3 Lenin (Uhanov, Vladimir Il’ich), xxi, 182, 356 A Broken Life on, 438, 542 Kiev terror and, 392 security service of, 400, 400n62 in Supreme Headquarters’ end, 375-76, 376n36 Levushka, 131, 131n21, 157, 157n46 Liaoyang, 213, 213nl6 Lieven, Dominic, xxxvii-xxxviii, 485, 486 Life on Two Levels, An Autobiography (Duveneck, J.), 430-31 Life-Guardsmen (oprichniki), 119, 119nll Linevich, Nikolai Petrovich, 240n4, 240-41 List of General StaffOfficers, 440 literacy, 47, 446—47, 451-52 catastrophe related to, 283, 283nl8, 490-91 Little Russia. See Ukraine Liubomirov, General, 259 A Broken Life on, 490 news from, 280 Roop on, 260-61 the living corpse, 475-76, 565 Goremykin in, 222n32, 222-23 Menshikov in, 223, 223n33 Pobedonostsev in, 223-24, 224n34 portrait in, 221n30, 221—22, 475—76 Rasputin in, 224n35, 224-25, 476-78 regiment in, 226-27 Sukhomlinov in, 222, 222n31 The Living Corpse (Tolstoy, L.), 221, 475 Livonia, 157, 157n47, 157-58, 464-65 attack in, 166, I66n7 barracks in, 161 hear hunt in, 170n9, 170-71 cornets in, 164 duties in, 160—61 estate in, 159-60 hunting in, 164, 164n5 interrogation in, 169 Krasnov on, 160nnl—2, 160—62 languages in, 159-60 mail in, 161 maps in, 165 601 quarters in, 159 quietness in, 161-62 replacement in, 160 squadron commander in,
162—63, 169 students in, 165, 165n6, 165—66 teaching in, 164-65 See ako Forest Brothers; Novyi Shvaneburg estate local jail, 46 Lodyzhensky (aunt), 194 Los Angeles, California, 429 Lotots’kyi, Oleksandr Gnatovich, 541 Ludendorff, Erich, 282, 282nl7 Lukomsky (Lukomskii), Aleksandr Sergeevich (general), 325n52, 325-27, 352 A Broken Life on, 503, 504-5, 522, 560 hostility of, 503, 504-5 on Ukrainian Army, 404 Lupik, Voldemar execution of, 179—80, 367, 467 grave of, 180—81 guilt of, 179, 181 identification with, 181 witnesses against, 177-78 Lvov, Georgy Evgen’evich (prince), 347n7, 347-48, 510 L’vovna, Oľga, 507-8 Lyons, M., 441 Macey, David, xxx Mackensen, August von, 499-500, 505 Makarov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 476 Makarov, Iurii Vladimirovich, 462 Maklakov, Nikolai Alekseevich, 493 Malia, Martin, 437 Maltese Knights, 53 Mamontov, Konstantin Konstantinovich, 387, 387n49 Manchuria, 206nl Liaoyang in, 213, 213n 16 “Manchurian Box,” 206, 206nl Mandel’shtam, Osip, 439 Mandryka, Georgii Akimovich, 547 Manifesto of October 17, xxii-xxiii, xxv-xxvi Vinkler-Ulrich and, 132, 132n22 Mann, Heinrich, 487, 573nl54 Mann, Thomas, 486-87 Mannerheim, Carl Gustav Emil Von, 241, 24ln5, 246, 488 maps, 217, 217n23 of Battle of Przasnysz, 298f, 300f, 306f A Broken Life on, 442-43 in Livonia, 165 МагЫе Palace, 120, 122 marching, 201, 277, 458 Marconi, 73
602 Markov, Sergei Leonidovich, 353, 353nl2 Markowski, Artur, 461 marriage, 199, 470 church and, 204 Masha. See Olferieff, Mary (Masha) mass detention, 46 Matveev, Os’ka, 12n7, 12-13 Mazing, Misha, 155, 155n42 medals Aleksandr Nevskii, xxxiv Greek Order of the Savior, 80, 81 Order of St. Vladimir, 369, 369n24 Medvedev, Sergei Vladimirovich, 166-67, 167n8, 180,418 Mefody, Father, 40-42, 4ln40, 44 Meľgunov, Sergei Petrovich, 510, 530 memoir authenticity of, 445 censors of, 35 divisions of, 446 handwriting of, 442 of Ignatev, A. E, 35 motivation of, 445 perspective of, 444-45 reliability of, 445 structure of, 442 timeline of, 442, 445 type of, 445-46 memories, 4, 9-10, 448-49, 565 about February/March 1917 revolution, 518 at Kurchino, 191-92 in September 1957, 248-49, 251 Mendeleev, Dmitry Ivanovich, 216, 216n 19 Mens Sano in Corpore Sano. See “A healthy mind in a healthy body” Miasoedov, Sergei Nikolaevich, 295, 495—96 Miatlev, V E, 382, 415 Mikhailovich, Aleksandr (grand duke), 319, 319n44, 321-22, 323, 326 February/March 1917 revolution and, 519, 529, 577n261 Provisional Government against, 529-30 visits with, 324-25, 325n51, 340, 354-55 Mikhailovich, Lev, 180 Mikhailovich, Sergei, 348, 348n8 Mikhnevich, Nikolai Petrovich, 219—20, 220n27, 474-75 Miklashevskii, A. Z., 479 Miliakova, Lidiia, 559 military field courts (zakon o voenno-polevykh sudakh), xxviii-xxxi Military Judicial Academy, 231 military service, xiii-xiv, xlv military service registry, 440 Miliukov, Sergei Petrovich, 350, 510, 529 Index Miller, Burton Richard, xxiv Mints, Isaak Izrailevich, 437 Mironov, Boris
Nikolaevich, 451 Miscellany ofthe Union ofPages, 440-41 mistakes, 309-10 A Broken Life on, 442, 464-65, 509, 520, 539-40, 545-46, 550 mobilization fiasco Battle of Mlawa in, 253, 254—55 commencement of, 252 German border control in, 252, 254—55 Nicholas II and, 255, 485 normality before, 251 opposite orders in, 252-53 priest before, 251 reconnaissance squadron in, 252 Volynsky Ulan Regiment before, 251-52 war declaration and, 254 Mochalin, 228-30 Moltke, Helmuth Karl Bernhard Graf von, 208, 208n5, 473 money Corps staff and, 292-93 in francs, 418 in German occupation, 405 gold dinnerware as, 428 in Kiev terror, 393, 394-95, 395n56 for Kirpichev Squad, 408, 408n69 in Kurchino, 189-90 for landed gentry, 32 for peasant laborers, 466 regiment related to, 225 in revolution deepening, 372 for Russia farewell, 418, 419 Šalova, T. F. and, 161, 190, 469-70 moral questions, xiv morale, 85-86, 309 A Broken Life on, 511-12 Moscow action and counteraction in, 361-62, 362nl8 riots in, 94 theater in, 92-93 Moscow factories, 30 Moscow State Conference, 534 mother. See Šalova, Tatiana Fedorovna Mounted Grenadiers, 66-67 See aho Horse Grenadiers Regiment movie theaters, 235, 235n39 Mukden, 213, 213nl7 Mumm, Philip Alfons (baron), 552 Munholland, J. Kim, 560 murders, 25, 230 in Kiev terror, 398, 400, 400n63 of officers, xvii, 417, 549, 557—58, 561-62
Index music, 74, ПО in church, 79-80 for Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 109, 109nn4-7,112-14, 125-28 See abo singing mutinies, xlii, 462-64, 516-18 Nadezhnyi, Dmitry Nikolaevich, 334, 334n6 names, 194n5, 448^19 change of, 441, 564-65 national elections, xxvi National League for American Citizenship, 441 nationalism, 451 messianism from, 487 in western provinces, xl-xli Navrotsky, Rotmistr, 123, 176, 180 Navy, U.S., 220, 220n28 Negroes, 89, 89n26 Neimirok, Nikolai Zakhar’evich, 559-60 Nekrasov, Nikolai Vissarionovich, 510 Nekrich, Aleksandr, 438 Nemirovich-Danchenko, Vladimir Ivanovich, 570n98 Neniukov, Dmitrit Vsevolodovich, 582n360 Nesterovich-Berg, Marita Antonovna, 557-58 Nevsky Prospect, 234-35 Nezhentsev, Captain, 356-57 Nezhinsky Dragoon Regiment, 88 Neznamov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 499-500 Nicholas II (tsar), 100, 102, 131, 455-56, 577n261 alcohol and, 127, 132-33 arrest of, 350, 510, 525 in beginning of end, 333-35, 337nnl2-14, 337-38, 339, 341 A Broken Life on, 459-60, 476-77, 482-83, 485, 506-8, 516-22, 525, 555, 568n59, 577n261 court nobility of, 232-33, 233n36 death of, 43-44, 555 Duma and, xxvii-xxviii, 235, 349, 476-77 ecclesiastical procession with, 95, 95n31 father and, 43—44 February/March Revolution and, 516-22 flattery of, 233-34 Fundamental Laws and, xviii-xix Grenadiers with, 459 gypsies with, 125-27 at Headquarters, 338, 338nl5 His Majesty’s Hussars and, 97 Horse Grenadiers Regiment with, 125-34, 129, 138,459-60 horse-races and, 150 603 House of Romanov celebration for, 233-34, 482-83 on India, 133-34 laws and, 43 loyalty to, 132 the man, 335-36
Manifesto of October 17 from, xxii-xxiii, xxv-xxvi, 132, 132n22 mobilization fiasco and, 255, 485 Page Corps and, 62-63, 459 on parades, 133 Polivanov and, 285n24 Rasputin and, 235 regiments and, 132, 231-32 relationship with, 130 Roosevelt compared to, 42-43 servants of, 352 Supreme Command for, 329nnl-2, 329-30, 506-8 tact with, 134 troops and, 330 Trubetskoi, S. N., with, 568n59 Tsushima and, 133, 133n23 unawareness of, 233-35 with Verkhovsky, 70 See also abdication Nieuport, Charles, 322n48 Nieuport, Edouard, 322n48 nihilism, 51 Nikolaev, Andrei Borisovich, xlvi-xlviii Nikolaevich, Aleksandr, 503 Nikolaevich, Mikhail (grand duke), 503 Nikolaevich, Nikolai (grand duke), xv, xxvi, 230, 255 abdication and, 347—48 Aleksandra against, 494-95 A Broken Life on, 494-96, 500, 505, 506, 514, 524, 528, 529, 547, 568n64 on horseback riding, 135-36, 138-39 jealousy about, 295 Miasoedov and, 495—96 vigor of, 206 Nikolskii, Vladimir Pavlovich (general), 562 Nilov, Admiral, 335 1906-1910 army in, 187—88 assassinations and, 185 Guchkov in, 186, 186n26 landowners in, 186-87 professionals in, 186-87, 187n27 social class in, 187 society in, 186, 186n26 Third Duma in, 185n25, 185-86 Nirod, Aleksandr Nikolaevich, 144n33, 144-45 non-commissioned officers, 282
604 non-noble officers, 478-79 Novikov, Mikhail Mikhailovich, 93-94 Novocherkassk. See crossroads Novoe Vremia, 233, 352 Novogeorgievsk, 312-13 Novorossiisk, 416-17 Novoselov, Mikhail Aleksandrovich, 476, 57ІПІ03 Novyi Shvaneburg estate, 173nl 1 call to, 171-72 depositions and, 178 “esprit de corps” at, 174 food at, 172, 172nl0, 172-73 indictment at, 177 Isarlovat, 176-78 language at, 172 public execution at, 179nnl5-17, 179-81 purpose at, 172 singing at, 174nnl2-13, 174-75, 175nl4, 182-83 social class and, 175-76 spring at, 182-83 trial at, 177-78 woman at, 183, 183nnl9-20 See aho Lupik, Voldemar obschina (rural community ownership), 31, 31n34 Obukhova, Olga Alekseevna, 93 O’Connor, Alice Winifred, 567n27 “October” (film), 481 October 17 Manifesto, 132 October 1905 manifesto, 457 October Manifesto, 540 October revolution, 538—42 Octobrists. See Union of October 17 Odessa, xvi, xvii, 562-63 Odessa 1919 Grishin-Almazov and, 415-16 interpreter in, 415-16 Piatigorsk in, 417 typhus epidemic in, 416-17 Odintsov, Sergei Ivanovich (general), 378, 543 officers, 100, 102, 225-27, 285-86, 536 murder of, xvii, 417, 549, 557-58, 561-62 non-commissioned, 282 non-noble, 478-79 people compared to, 114 in revolution deepening, 368-69, 369n24 social class and, 167-68 in Ukraine, 554 See also War Academy Officers Club (San Francisco), 434, 434 officers’ commission, 67-68, 68nl2 Okhrana (political police), xxxiv Index Old Believers, 447 Old Ferry Building, 426-27 “The Old National Messianism and the New” (Trubetskoi, E. N.), 487 Olfer’ev, Sergei Nikolaevich (father), 36, 114 Aleksander III
and, 43M4 on Aleksandrovich, 44 death of, 39, 69, 105 early memories of, 4, 9-Ю, 448M9 Konstantinovich and, 81 on marching, 201 at Page Corps, 54, 452 taxes and, 46 See abo childhood estate Olferieff, Aleksandra (Shura) (first daughter), 238, 238n2, ЗЗбпІО, 394 education of, 427-28, 430, 431 luncheon for, 429 photographs of, 202, 426, 427, 429 Olferieff, Fedor Sergeevich (Olferieff, Fyodor Sergeyevich) (Fedia) (Theodore), 57, 63, 105,129, 426, 427, 429, 432, 434 See aho specific topics Olferieff, Marusia. See Olferieff Mary (Marusia) Grevens Olferieff Mary (Masha) (second daughter), 307, 307nn32-33 education of, 428-29 illness of, 428 photographs of, 201, 426, 427, 429 Olferieff Mary (Marusia) Grevens (wife), xvii, 304 American employment for, 427-28, 429, 432, 433 death of, 435 desertion from, 381 on homeland, 336 in Kiev terror, 396, 398 Krasovsky and, 412-13 letter to, 313-14 Master of Arts for, 432, 432, 433 in Mogilev, 354, 370-71, 374, 390 photographs of, 202, 426, 427, 429, 432 in Russia farewell, 421 at “The Seven Hills,” 237nl, 237-38,484 Swiss passports from, 413-14, 414n71 travel pass from, 413 in Warsaw, 247M8 See aho Grevens, Marusia Olferieff, Sergei (son), 338, 419 death of, 433 in Merchant Marines, 432—33 photographs of, 426, 427 oprichniki (Life-Guardsmen), 119, 119nll Oranovsky, Nikolai Aloizievich (general), 240n4, 240-41, 246, 488
Index Orbeliani (princess), 99, 104 Order No. 1, 529 Order No. 114, 530 Order of St. Vladimir, 369, 369n24 O’Rem, Lieutenant Colonel, 257-58, 261 Orlov, Aleksandr Afinogenovich, 105-6, 137-38, 150 Fedorovna, A., and, 151-52, 154 order from, 153 singing by, 151-52 Ostsee German, 162-63 Ottoman affairs, xxxviii, 485, 493 Page Corps acceptance into, 56, 74, 74nl6 A Broken Life on, 440-41, 454—55, 456 building for, 53, 53nnl-2 cave at, 53 Church in, 455 correctional institution compared to, 59 entrance exams for, 54—55, 55n4, 452 eyesight at, 55, 55n5 father at, 54, 452 hazing in, 60-62 history of, 53-54, 452 internal organization of, 60 Keller in, 75Ш7, 75-76, 84 Nicholas II and, 62—63, 459 political diversity within, 63-64, 456-57 Preobrazhensky Regiment and, 78, 78nl8 in Red Army, 64 rings for, 62 seniority within, 60, 454 servant in, 59 traditions in, 59, 84-85 traits within, 62 venereal disease in, 78-79 Page Corps comrades A Broken Life on, 452-54, 457 childhood friends compared to, 59, 59n7 as Kamer-Pages, 65-66 national origins of, 58, 452-53 numbers of 58 photographs of, 56, 57, 58, 61, 63 Rebinder as, 66, 95-96, 98, 103, 107 against revolution, 65-66, 66nl0 See ako Verkhovsky, Aleksandr Page Corps education, 48-49, 59, 59n7, 453 Belogostitsky in, 77-78 chemistry in, 73 daily schedule in, 74 directors of 75nl7, 75-76 favorite teachers in, 75 funds for, 72 grades in, 82 605 history in, 73 Horse Grenadiers and, 80-81 incompetent teachers in, 73, 77-78 Keller and, 75nl7, 75-76 Konstantinovich and, 62, 63, 69, 76-81 Konstantinovna, O., in, 79-81 Marconi in, 73 mathematics
in, 72 mechanics in, 73 military schools and, 74—75 military service and, 71-72 musicians in, 74 Petrov in, 72 physical education in, 82-83 Potekhin in, 75 scholars in, 73-74 smoking in, 79 teachers in, 72 vacations in, 85, 85nl9, 86-87, 91 women and, 87, 87nn21-22 See also heir s christening Page Corps emperor’s visit appearance in, 83-84, 85 dancing for, 84 dancing instruction before, 82—83 first sight in, 83 happiness in, 83 Keller in, 84 riding at, 84-85 Pale of Settlement, xxi, 50, 145n34 Palo Alto, California, 427-28, 430 Panteleev, Andrei Andreevich, 4ln70, 411, 557 parades, 133, 200-201 passports, 379, 413-14, 414n71, 545 from Odessa, 4l9n3, 419-20 for Russia farewell, 418-19 Patriarch Alexis. See Simansky, Sergei Vladimirovich Paul I (emperor), 53 assassination of, 337, 337nl4 Pavlov, Iuda, 13-14, 193n3, 193-94 Pavlov, Nikanor, 46 Pavlovich, Dmitrii (grand duke), 510 peasant huts, 20n20, 20-21, 21nn2I-22 peasants, 9, 367 as childhood friends, 11-12, 12n7 civic duty of, 46 civil unrest among, xxiii-xxiv, xxv, 118, 118n9, 373-75 at factories, 189 land scarcity and, 27-31 money for, 466 in revolution deepening, 373-75 Pella Palace, 121-22 Periodic Table, 216nl9
606 “persecuted” people (gonimye), xvi Peter and Paul Fortress, 210nl 1, 210-11 Peter II (tsar), 223n33 Peter the Great (tsar), 223n33 Petersburg Military District Court, 230-31, 232 Petliura, Simon Vasilevich (Symon Vasylyovich), xvii, 383n42, 383—84, 407, 411 A Broken Life on, 547, 555-58 Petr I (tsar), 452 Petrograd, 509-11 demonstrations in, 339, 512—15 food scarcity in, 338-39 strike in, 515-16 unrest in, 347 Petrov, Grigory, 72 Petrovna, Elizaveta (empress), 89, 89n25 philosophy, 208nn8-9, 208-9, 487 photographs, 191 of OlferiefF, A., 202, 426, 427, 429 of Olferieff, E, 57, 63, 105, 129, 426, 427, 429, 432, 434 of Olferieff, Mary (Marusia), 202, 426, 427, 429, 432 of Olferieff, Mary (Masha), 201, 426, 427, 429 of Olferieff Sergei, 426, 427 of Page Corps comrades, 56, 57, 58, 61, 63 physical education, 82-83 Piadgorsk, 560 murders in, xvii, 417, 561 Piłsudski, Józef, xxiv-xxv Pipes, Richard, 437 Plakans, Andrejs, 465 Platonov, Sergei Fedorovich, 212, 212nl4 Pleve, Viacheslav Konstantinovich (Viacheslav Konstantinovich Plehve), xix, 185, 185n23 Pobedonostsev, Konstantin Petrovich, 223-24, 224n34 poetry, 76-77, 189, 565 “Age,” 439 by Miatlev, 382, 415 “Russian God,” 422n4, 422-23, 583n380 pogroms (destruction), xl, 145n34, 163, 185n23, 21ІПІ2, 383n42 A Broken Life on, 461, 558-59 Poirée, Alphonse-Flavien Louis, 502 Poland, 250 nationalists in, xl respect in, 487—88 Russian, 219n26, 461 Russification of, xxiv-xxv strikes in, xxv See ako Warsaw 1914; Yanov Index Poland withdrawal Alekseev in, 312 ammunition in, 311-13, 312n36, 316 attack in, 311-12 bridge in, 314-15,
315n37 fortress in, 313-14 German cavalry and, 315 heavy artillery fire before, 311 nurse after, 315 orders for, 312-13 reinforcement before, 310-11 roads in, 314 Shvarts in, 310, 310n35 Poles’e lowlands, 216n22, 216-17 Poliakov, Vakhmistr, 162, 169, 182 police, xxxiv, 119—20 police station, 395nn56-57, 395-96 Polish Socialist Party (PSP), xxiv-xxv political police (Okhrana), xxxiv politics, 456, 506-8 Polivanov, Aleksei Andreevich, 285, 285n24, 292n27 A Broken Life on, 478, 492-93, 574nl80 Polovtsov, Petr Aleksandrovich, 510 Ponyrko, Colonel, 405-6 Poole, Randall, 487 popular drink (sbiteri), 119nl2, 119-20 population, 23, 29, 249, 392 portrait, 221n30, 221-22 “Portrait of an Elder,” 475-76 Potekhin, Vladimir Filipovich, 75 Potemkin, Petr Aleksandrovich, 35 pre-mobilization period explosion in, 246 Germany and, 246 guidons in, 245, 245nl march in, 246 orders in, 246 questions in, 247 Regimental Commander in, 247-48 regimental holiday in, 245 trains in, 248, 248n3 war in, 246-47 wife in, 247—48 worries in, 246n2, 246—47 Pre-Parliament, 539 prisoners, 309-10, 394, 489, 495, 498, 532 in beginning of end, 340nl8, 340—41 Prokhorov, Colonel, 256 promotions, 211,211nl3 of Brusilov, 460, 568n64 to Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 107-8, 108Ш1І-2 of Verkhovsky, 65, 69—70 prostitution, 25, 146
Index Protopopov, Alexander Dmitrievich, 332, 332ո5, 506-7, 510, 515 provincial head, 8, 9-10 Provisional Duma Committee, 521 Provisional Government, xliii-xlviii, 532-34, 537 Alekseev and, 528 arrest from, 525 against Mikhailovich, A., 529-30 Prussia, 219 PSP. See Polish Socialist Party psychology, 545 Puchenkov, Aleksandr Sergeevich, 556 Pukh, Veniamin, 50-51, 114 Raich, Katia, 399^100 railroad, 38, 38n39, 419, 483 Circum-Baikal Railway, 215, 215nl8 railways, War Academy and, 215nl8, 215-16 Rasputin, Grigorii Efimovich, xxxix, 221-22 A Broken Life on, 476-78, 50ІПІ03, 505, 507 God and, 224 Kerensky’s times related to, 354 in the living corpse, 224n35, 224-25, 476-78 Nicholas II and, 235 opinion of, 106, 476-78, 57ІПІ03 in St. Petersburg, 225 reaction: 1906-10, 186-88 assassinations in, 185, 185nn21-24 A Broken Life on, 467-70 dates in, 468-69 marriage in, 470 mother in, 469-70 nostalgia in, 470 reflection in, 469 restoration in, 468 reading, 162, 163 Rebinder, 66, 95-96, 98,103, 107 Rebirth ofa Nation (Vinnichenko), 384n44 reconnaissance, 252, 256, 326 See aho remote reconnaissance Reconnaissance Division, 365-66 Red Army Bolsheviks and, 418—19 General Staff Academy in, 520 in Kiev terror, 396-97, 398 Page Corps in, 64 Verkhovsky in, 71 “The Red Army” (Olferieff, E), 431 Red Cross, 382, 385, 545 in Kiev terror, 399n61, 399^00 Polivanov and, 493 regiment acquittal in, 231 alcohol in, 228—30 cavalry in, 226 commander of, 227-28, 230-32 condescension in, 226 connections in, 227 discipline in, 228-30 E. in, 226-27 indebtedness in, 228-30 injustice in, 231-32 Laiming from, 279
Mochalin and, 228-30 money related to, 225 murder in, 230 Nicholas II and, 231-32 Petersburg Military District Court and, 230-31, 232 reproach in, 226 selection committee of, 228-29 senior officers in, 225, 226-27 standards for, 225 topographical survey for, 235-36 young officers in, 225-26 Regimental adjutant, 162-63 regimental club, 155-56 Budberg at, 157-58 regimental holiday, 245 religious philosophers, 487 remote reconnaissance appointment for, 272 common sense in, 275 disunity in, 273 dragoon in, 276 forced march in, 277 German patrol in, 276 hospitality in, 275-76 Lipno-Vloclavek in, 276, 276nl5 peace after, 274-75 radiogram in, 277 retreat in, 273-75, 282 secret service in, 273—74 Shnabel in, 275 strategy in, 275 Rennenkampf, Pavel Karlovich, 263-64, 264n2, 266n5 A Broken Life on, 489-90 Republic of the Don Cossacks, 385n46 retreat, 278 A Broken Life on, 490, 498-501 in remote reconnaissance, 273-75, 282 in Russo-Japanese war, 87 in White army cradle, 358 Revolution (1905) background of, xviii-xx, 437 beginning of, xxii, 97-98 607
608 Revolution (1905) (cont.) A Broken Life on, 437—39 disciplinary battalion and, 167 Germans during, 181, 406-7 land councils before, xix-xx Manifesto of October 17 and, xxii-xxiii peasant in, xxiii-xxiv, xxv polarization before, xviii, xxi-xxiii political parties before, xx-xxi serfdom before, xviii Social Democrats before, xvi, xxiii, xxxi SRs and, xx-xxi, xxiv state of emergency before, 118 strikes and, xxiii, xxv transition after, xxxi—xxxv women after, 437—38 revolution deepening, 535, 537-38 confhsion in, 372 Denikin in, 368-69 discipline in, 535-36 Diterikhs in, 369n25, 369-70 Dukhonin in, 367, 367n23 home in, 370-71, 371n29 Kerensky in, 374 loyalty in, 373, 373n33 money in, 372 officers in, 368—69, 369n24 peasants in, 373-75 prison visit in, 372-73 rank in, 371 revolutionary discipline in, 366-67, 372, 536 Swiss Guards in, 373, 373n33 theft in, 374, 538 revolutionary discipline, 366-67, 372, 536 rifle, 304-5 Rodzianko, Mikhail Vladimirovich, 233, 233n36, 235, 391 A Broken Life on, 456, 477, 482, 516-17, 521, 550 on mutiny, 516-17 romance. See women Romanian troops, 419 Romanovskii, Ivan Pavlovich, 531 Roop, General, 247-48, 252, 253-54, 479 on attack, 256—57, 261 in batde, 258-60 on Liubomirov, 260-61 responsibility of, 257-58 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 42-43 Rot, Nikolai (Kolia), 97, 97n33 rotmistr (cavalry and infantry colonel), 104, 104n40, 226-27, 479 Navrotskyas, 123, 176, 180 Shults, S. R., as, 110—11, 128, 128nnl6-17 royal family, xiii Rozhdestvensky, Zinovy, 117, 117n8, 133n23 Index rural community ownership (obschina), 31, 31n34 Russia. See specific topics
Russia farewell crowds in, 419 Freidenberg and, 418nnl-2, 418—19 money for, 418, 419 passport for, 418-19 pier for, 419 tears in, 421 visa for, 419, 421 to Western yoke, 422 wife in, 421 Russia Orthodox Virgin Mary Cathedral (San Francisco), 428, 429, 429 Russian Counterrevolution, 266n6, 267n7, 331n4, 353nl 1,400-401 Russian Germans, 181—82 “Russian God” (Viazemsky), 422n4, 422—23, 565,583n380 Russian memoirs, 445-46 Russian Poland, 219n26, 461 Russian proverb, 10, 10n4 Russia’s old order foundation faith in, 41n49, 47, 49-42 Fatherland in, 44-46, 47 Tsar in, 42-44 Russo-Japanese war (1904-05), xxxv-xxxvi, 30n32, 473, 570n95 blame on, 92 guns in, 86 Imperial Nicholas Military Academy after, 205-6 Keller in, 76 Linevich in, 240n4 “Manchurian Box” in, 206, 206nl Novikov on, 93—94 retreat in, 87 revolution and, 94 Rozhdestvensky in, 117, 117n8 surrender in, 117 Zadnevsky on, 86—87 Ruzsky, Nikolai Vladimirovich, 285, 285n22, 339 ABroken Life on, 491—92,497, 511, 512, 513-14, 561-62, 577n255 Rzhev (1891-1893), 6-8, 447 saber type (shashka), 131, 131n20 Sadikov, Mikhail Vasilevich, 51n47, 51-52, 55, 452 Safonov, Iakov Vasil’evich, 547 sailors, 123-25, 462-63 condescension related to, 544—45 death related to, 380 Provisional Government and, 539
Index St. Petersburg, 52, 232 Nevsky Prospect in, 234-35 Novoe Vremia in, 233 Rasputin in, 225 Sakharov, General (War Minister), 92, 92n29, 345 sale of offices, 477 Šalova, Tatiana Fedorovna (mother), 36, 114-15 childhood and, 3, 5,7, 8,13, 16nl4, 16-17, 27 Jew and, 50 money and, 161, 190, 469—70 Turchaninov and, 51 Šalova, Varvara Vladimirovna (grandmother), 190n2, 190-91 Saltykov, Ivan Nikolaevich, 483 Saltykov, Mikhail Evgrafovich (Nikolai Evgrafovich Schedrin), 203, 203nl0 Saltykov, Nikolai Ivanovich (Nikolai Evgrafovich Schedrin), 234, 234n38 Samsonov, Aleksandr Vasil’evich, 266n5, 266-67, 277 A Broken Life on, 488—90 San Francisco, 124-25, 434, 434 first-class tickets to, 425-26 Russia Orthodox Virgin Mary Cathedral in, 428, 429, 429 San Rafael, California, 428 Sanborn, Joshua A., 500-501 Sashutka (1894-1902), 15nll, 17nl5, 17-20, 18nl6, 19nl7 Satanello (horse), 146—57 Sazanov, Sergei Dmitrievich, 485 sbiteri (popular drink), 119nl2, 119-20 Schedrin, Nikolai Evgrafovich. See Saltykov, Mikhail Evgrafovich Scherbachev, Dmitry Grigorevich, 207, 207n2, 210, 212, 346, 472 Schlieffen Plan, 218, 218nn24-25, 218-19, 256 The Science of Victory (Suvorov), 55—56, 208, 208n7, 214 scorched-earth policy, 500 SDs. See Social Democrats second army attacks advance of, 269—70 aircraft bombing in, 267—68 on Allenstein-Osterode Front, 264 assignment before, 264—65, 265n3 battery before, 263 Cossacks in, 264-65 evacuation before, 263 fear in, 267 food in, 267 German doctor at, 265, 265n4, 265-66 609 interrogation in, 268 Krymov in, 266n6, 266-67, 269 Lautenburg-Deutsch-Eylau in, 268
looting in, 268, 269 militia units and, 263nl, 263-64, 265n2 not knowing before, 263 orders before, 264 patrols in, 268 Rennenkampf and, 263-64, 264n2, 266n5 Samsonov in, 266n5, 266-67 Stepanov and, 264 second army attacks reception advancement and, 269—70 Gamzagurdi in, 270, 270nl0 infantry in, 271 Kliastitsky Regiment in, 270-71 remote reconnaissance after, 272-74 Soldau in, 270-71 Stepanov in, 271—72, 272nl 1 Second Book (Mandelshtam), 439 Second Duma, xxx-xxxi, 31, 119 secret service, 273-74 Selivanov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 7 September 1957 determination in, 251 leadership in, 249 lifestyles in, 249 memories in, 248^19, 251 nihilism in, 249 population in, 249 Serbia, xxxviii, 232, 245, 246, 485 Serebrianka-Warsaw railroad station, 483 serfdom, xviii See ako peasants “The Seven Hills” (“Sieben Gebirge”), 237η 1, 237-38, 484 sexuality, 25-26, 78-79, 222 shashka (saber type), 131, 131n20 Shatsillo, Komelei Fedorovich, 495 Sheideman, Sergei Mikhailovich (general), 286, 301, 306-7, 313 A Broken Life on, 496—97 Shishkin, Nikolai Ivanovich, 125, 127-28 shoes, 113 “short war illusion,” 474-75 shot fired, 92, 92nn28-29 Shteinman, Andrei Andreevich, 11 Shulgin, Vasily Vitalevich, 344, 417, 560 in Duma, 344nl, 350 Shults, Staff Rotmistr, 110—11, 128, 128nnl6֊17 Shults, Volodia, 156, 15бп43 Shura. See Olferieff, Aleksandra Shvarts, Aleksei Vladimirovich, 310, 310n35 Siberia, 128nl8, 187, 215, 215nl8, 215-16, 287-88
610 Index Sich Riflemen, 393, 393ո53 Stankevich, Vladimir Konstantinovich, 538 “Sieben Gebirge” (“The Seven Hills”), 237nl, State Council telegram in, 518 237-38, 484 Statute of Field Courts-Martial, 177 Siedlce pogrom, 461 Stefanovich, Levuska (Levushka) (adjutant), Sikorsky, Igor’ Ivanovich, 322ո50, 322-23 131-32 Simanskii, Vladimir Andreevich, 336, 509 in Kiev terror, 395n58, 395-96, 398 Simansky, Sergei Vladimirovich (Simanskii) Stein, Martin, 49, 49n46 (Patriarch Alexis), 336, 336n8, 509 Steinberg, John W., 478 Sinev, Van’ka, 12n7, 13, 24 Steinberg, Mark D., 437-38 singing, 14, 110, 128 Steklov, Iurii Mikhailovich, 530 “God Save the Tsar,” 234, 245, 341, 346, Stepanov, Colonel, 264, 271-72, 272nl 1 482, 520 Sterling, Wally, 431 by gypsies, 125-27 Stites, Richard, 438 in Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 112-14 Stockdale, Melissa, 487 at Novyi Shvaneburg estate, 174nnl2-13, Stolypin, Petr Arkad’evich, xxxvi 174-75, 175nl4, 182-83 assassination of, xxxiv, 185, 185n24 by Orlov, 151-52 A Broken Life on, 449, 468-69, 571nl 14 Sivers, Faddei Vasil’evich, 498 Duma and, xxx-xxxiii VI Cavalry Division, 489-90 Kokovtsov after, 571nl 14 Skalon, Nikolai Dmitrievich, 138, 138n30 land council and, xxxiii Skoropads’kyi, Pavlo Petrových land scarcity and, 30, ՅՕոՅՅ, 449 (Skoropadsky), xvi-xvii, 64, 402-3, military field courts from, xxviii-xxix 552-53 reforms from, xxxii-xxxiii Kirpichev Squad and, 406-7 resignation of, xxxiii—xxxiv Skuratov, Kostia, 156, 156n45, 156-57 Stone, David R., 488-89, 497, 499, 504, 511 smallpox, 26 strikes, xxiii, xxv Smele, Jonathan D., 548 in February/March 1917
revolution, 515-16 Smith, S. A„ xliii in Kiev terror, 396 smoking, 79 in Petrograd, 515-16 snowstorm, 121 Sukhomlinov, Vladimir Aleksandrovich, 222, social class, xiv, 187, 536 222n31, 292, 292n27 childbirth and, 24 A Broken Life on, 480,496 in Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 114-15 Suleiman, Nikolai Aleksandrovich (general), Novyi Shvaneburg estate and, 175-76 378-79, 544 officers and, 167-68 Supreme Command, 329nnl-2, 329-30 Social Democrats (SDs), xvi, xxiii xxxi Supreme Commander, 440, 472, 491, 505, Socialist-Revolutionaries (SRs), xx-xxi, xxiv 508, 528, 532 Sokovnin, General, 365, 368 Alekseevand, 348, 574nl71 soldiers, 173 Krylenko as, 375, 375n35 in childhood, 6-7, 8,18 Supreme Headquarters’ end letters to, 117 Bonch-Bruevich in, 376, 376n37 status of, 117 death in, 377-79, 379n39, 380 Solov’ev, Vladimir Sergeevich, 484, 568n59 exploitation in, 380-81 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr Isaaevich, xxviii family in, 381-82 Soviet of People’s Commissars, 541 Kaledin in, 376, 376n38 “Soviet Russia in the Orient” (Olferieff, F.), Krylenko in, 375, 375n35 Lenin in, 375-76, 376n36 431, 441 Soviet Union, 444—і5 passport in, 379, 545 Dardanelles of 274, 274nnl2-l4 self-preservation in, 381—82 space satellites from, 274 unconcern in, 381, 381n40 vengeance in, 380 Special Commission for Investigation of Bolshevik Atrocities, 561 wages in, 377, 379 Suvorin, Boris Alekseevich, 550 SRs. See Socialist-Revolutionaries Suvorov, Aleksandr Vasilevich, 55-56, 208, Stalin, 179, 179nl6, 451 208n7, 214, 472-73 Stanford University, 431, 565 Svetozarov, Sergeant Major, 104—5, 105n4l Stanislavski!,
Konstantin Sergeevich, 570n98
Index Svoiak (horse), I4l Swiss Guards, 373, 373n33 syphilis, 25-26 Tannenberg defeat, 489-91 Tarnopol, 341, 358, 360, 363, 388 A Broken Life on, 519-20, 532 Tartars, 58, 119-20, 162-63 taxes, 45 cow for, 46 “Temporizing Battle,” 213, 213nnl6—17 Tereshchenko, Mikhail Ivanovich, 510 terrorists, xx—xxi in crossroads, 387-88 See aho Kiev terror theaters, 92-93, 235, 235n39 Theophany, 95-96 Third Duma, xxxi—xxxii, 185ո25, 185—86, 186ո27, 232 Third of March system, xliv-xlv characteristics of, xlvi principles of, xlv support lack for, xlvii—xlix Three Conversations (Tri razgovora) (Solov’ev), 484 three piUars of Russia, 47, 404, 450-51 Tikhobrazov, Dmitrii Nikolaevich, 513 Tolstoy, Leo (Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoi), 113, 181, 18ІПІ8, 221,293, 323 autobiography of, 447-48 A Broken Life on, 447-48, 464, 475, 498, 527-28 Christianity of, 447-48 The Living Corpse of, 221, 475 Olferieff, F. S., related to, 464 play by, 570n98 Tolstoy (Tolstoi), Pavel Mikhailovich, 292, 293-95 A Broken Life on, 493-94, 496 topographical survey, 235-36 Totoshka. See Danilovsky, Anatoly Alekseevich traditions of Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 115-16 in Page Corps, 59, 84-85 transfers, 316 Tran-Siberian Railroad, 215nl8 translations, xvii, 418, 4l8nnl-2 Trans-Siberian Railroad, 128nl8 travels escape, 425—26 examination during, 203nl0, 203-4 in Germany, 200n9, 200-202 in Switzerland, 203^4 Treaty of Bucharest, 485 Tri razgovora {Three Conversations) (Solov’ev), 484 611 trial, 177-78 trial of honor, 227—32, 479 Troubetzkoy, Paolo, 480 Troyes, Chrétien de, 432, 564 Trubetskoi, Evgenii Nikolaevich, 487 Trubetskoi,
Sergei Nikolaevich, 458, 568n59 Tsar, 223n33, 452 God related to, 42, 43, 450-51, 525-26 in Russia’s old order foundation, 42—44 See ako Aleksander III; Nicholas II Tsarina. See Fedorovna, Aleksandra Tsarskoe Selo, 146-47, 459 City ladies at, 98 duties at, 98 Kamer-Pages at, 98 permanent residence in, 98 See ako Aleksandrovsky Palace; horse-races Tsikhovich, Yanuary Kazimirovich, 287, 291-92, 294, 302 on Alekseev, 288—89 in Battle of Przasnysz, 296-97, 301 in German occupation, 404-5 honors for, 286, 286n25 order from, 313 respect for, 286 Tsoppi, Aleksandr Al’bertovich, 142—43, 146 Tsushima, 133, 133n23 Tuk. Province, 163, ІбЗппЗ^ Tumanov, Georgii Aleksandrovich (Commander of the Division, prince), 319, 502, 561 Tumanova, Princess, 417, 561-62 Turchaninov, Nikolai Nikolaevich, 49, 452 grandfather and, 50-51 women and, 51 Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich, 33—34, 51, 450 Turkestan Corps, 316 ability of, 284-85, 285nn22֊24 adaptability in, 286 brain of, 288-89 car ride in, 287 commanders of, 284, 286, 288, 290-91 devotion and, 285 11th Siberian Rifle Division in, 287-88 February 1, 1915 position and, 290 instinct of, 284 listening in, 286—87 machine-gun fire on, 289, 290 mentorship in, 286 mission accomplished with, 291 opinion of, 284—85 orders in, 287 scouts in, 287-88 stability in, 289-90 subaltern officer and, 285—86
612 Turkestan Corps (cont.) vocabulary in, 287 See also Battle of Przasnysz; Corps staff; Tsikhovich, Yanuary Kazimirovich Turkey, 486 two-verst scale relief maps, 217, 217n23 typhus epidemic, 416-17, 560 Ukraine (Little Russia), xxxvii-xxxviii, 399, 399n61 counterrevolutionary nationalist movement, xl, 383n42, 555-56 officers in, 554 See also German occupation; Kiev Ukrainian Army, 384, 384n45, 404-5 Ukrainian People’s Republic, 541 Ukrainian Rada, 383, 383n4l, 547-48, 552 Ukrainian Revolutionary Party, 384n44 Ulans Regiment, 150-54, 241 A Broken Life on, 488 review of, 137-38 See ako Orlov, Aleksandr Afinogenovich Uhanov, Vladimir Il’ich. See Lenin Ul’ianova, Galina, 482-83 uniformjacket (kitel’), 153, 153ո41 uniforms, 107, 187-88, 474 Union of Cities, 285, 371n30, 493 Union of October 17 (Octobrists), xx, 233n36 Union of the Russian People, 210-11, 21ІПІ2 Union of Zemstvos, 285, 347n7, 370n26, 371, 371n30, 493 university student march, 458 Unter den Linden (Berlin, Germany), 200n9, 200-201 Urals, 215-16, 216nl9 Uvarov, Sergei Sergeevich, 451 vacations in Page Corps education, 85, 85nl9, 86-87, 91 after war Academy, 237nl, 237-38 See ako leave Vakhmistr (cavalry sergeant-major), 104, 104n40 Poliakov, 162, 169, 182 Varangians, 179, 179nl7 Variag, 73-74, 74nl5 Vasilchikov, Prince, 111 Vasilevna, Anna, 93-94 venereal disease, 78-79 vengeance, 544 in Supreme Headquarters’ end, 380 Verbitskaia, Anastasia Alekseevna, 151 n39, 152 Index Verkhovsky, Aleksandr, 64n9, 454 in action and counteraction, 364n20, 364-65 character of, 64-65 confrontation with, 68-69 conscientiousness of,
65 Court service and, 66 discipline and, 69, 456-57 execution of, 71nl3 at General Staff Academy, 70 Kornilov Rebellion and, 71 leave for, 69 Mounted Grenadiers and, 66-67 Nicholas II with, 70 officers’ commission and, 67-68, 68nl2 promotion of, 65, 69-70 reassignment of, 69-70 in Red Army, 71 revolution and, 70-71 scandal about, 69 scolding related to, 67, 67nl 1 tactlessness of, 66-68 valor of, 70 Viazemsky, Petr Andreevich, 189, 189nl, 422n4, 422-23, 565, 583n380 village, 235-36 at childhood estate, 192-94, 446-47 survey of, 483 village school, 47-48 Vinberg, Fedor Viktorovich, 137n29, 137-38 Vinkler-Ulrich, Lieutenant, 132, 132n22 Vinnichenko, Vladimir Kirillovich, 383-84, 384n44 visa, 419, 563 Vitkovsky, Vasily Vasilevich, 212, 212nl5 Vitte, Sergei Iul’evich (Yul’evich) (count), xix-xx, 128, 128nl8, 464 Vladimirovich, Kirill (grand duke), 510 Voeikov, Nikolai Ivanovich, 516 Voeikov, Vladimir Nikolaevich (Marshal of the Court), 335, 508 Voisin (biplane), 317, 317n39 Voiskovoi Krug, 386n47, 386-87 volostnoi starshina (district chief), 9, 9n3 Volunteer Army, 393n54, 407, 416 authority over, 550—51 colors of, 556-57 Denikin and, 556 French and, 563 leaders of, 554 opposition to, 551 organization of, 553 Vorob’eva, Liudmila Mikhailovna, 465 Vrangel, Petr Nikolaevich (baron), xvi, 108-9, 356nl4 Bolsheviks and, 376 dishonesty of, 532
Index revolutionary discipline of, 372 talents of 360, 531 typhus of 417 in White army cradle, 356, 358-59 Vulfs, Adolfs Gerhards fon, 464 Vyborg Manifesto, xxviii, 469 Vynnychenko, Volodymyr Kyrylovych, 547 Vyrubov, Vasily Vasilevich, 294-95, 374 A Broken Life on, 493-95, 537-38 land councils and, 370n26, 371, 371n30 Vyrubova, Anna (Annushka), 151, 294, 294nn28-29 Wade, Rex A., 533-34 Walicki, Andrzej, 438 war mobilization fiasco #1, 251-55, 253 Olferieff Marusia, on, 238, 484 Russian idealizations of 487 War Academy acceptance to, 206—7 artillery in, 214 Augustów Woods and, 219, 219n26 “black earth” zone and, 216, 216n21 Bonch-Bruevich and, 208, 208n6 on cavalry, 214, 220n28, 220-21 Clausewitz and, 208, 208n4, 209 Donets Basin and, 216, 216n20 “Encounter Battle” in, 213 entrance exams for, 207, 471-72 fortresses dismantle and, 217—18 General Staff related to, 206, 471 generals and, 209 Golovin in, 207n3, 207-8, 209, 210, 472-73, 570n89 graduation from, 237 gratitude for, 210 individual initiative and, 214 innovations at, 210, 213-14 “Interior Operational Lines” in, 214-15 Mikhnevich and, 219-20, 220n27 Military Administration examination in, 211 Moltke and, 208, 208n5 Peter and Paul Fortress and, 210nl 1, 210-11 philosophy at, 208nn8-9, 208-9 Poles’e lowlands in, 216n22, 216-17 railways and, 215nl8, 215-16 reform of, 206 regiments and, 207 Scherbachev in, 207, 207n2, 210, 212 Schlieffen Plan and, 218nn24-25, 218-19 “Temporizing Battle” at, 213, 213nnl6-17 term of study at, 206, 470-71 two-verst scale relief maps for, 217, 217n23 613 Union of the Russian People and,
210-11, 21ІПІ2 vacation after, 237nl, 237-38 war’s inevitability after, 237-38, 484 Yanushkevich in, 210nl0, 210-12, 218 War and Peace (Tolstoy, L.), 527-28 “War and Russia’s World Task” (Trubetskoi, E. N.), 487 war materie! inadequacy, 474 Warburg, Fritz, 507 Warner, Clive, 431 Warsaw 1914 attack plans in, 243 brigade drill in, 242 disarming of, 240 display in, 243 Jews in, 238, 240, 240n3, 488 layout of, 238 Mannerheim in, 241n5, 241^3 Oranovsky in, 240n4, 240-41 reality in, 243 report in, 242 “Sieben Gebirge” before, 237nl, 237-38 Zhilinsky in, 241n6, 241—43, 245 Warsaw Military District, 441 Werth, Nicolas, 559 White army, xlix, 531 murders by, 417, 562 See abo Volunteer Army White army cradle Austrians in, 355—56 Denikin in, 357-58 freedom in, 356 Kornilov in, 356, 360—61 Nezhentsev in, 356-57 principals in, 356, 356nl4 retreat in, 358 Vrangel in, 356, 358-59 youth of, 357 White Movement, 391, 550-51 wife. See Olferieff, Mary (Marusia) Grevens Wilhelm II (kaiser), 553 Woefrom Wit (Griboedov), 379, 379n39 women, 252 A Broken Life on, 437-38 in Horse Grenadiers Regiment, 184 illiteracy of, 47 at Novyi Shvaneburg estate, 183, 183nnl9-20 Page Corps education and, 87, 87nn21-22 Turchaninov and, 51 workers, 117 World War I. See Great War Wortman, Richard, 481-82, 483 writers, 152, 152nn38-39
614 Index Yakimansky, Aleksei Dmitrievich, 27-28 Yanov (Janów, Poland) horse-breaking in, 144 horse-breeding in, 142-43 Jews in, 142, l45nn34-35, 145-46, 460-61 Nirod at, I44n33, 144—45 poverty of, 146 residence in, 144 spring in, 142 stallions in, 143 Tsoppi in, 142^3, 146 two-year-olds in, 143—44 Yanushkevich, Nikolai Nikolaevich, 210, 210nl0, 210-12, 218, 329, 329nl Zadnevsky, Osip, 86-87, 91 Zadornyi, 14, 14nl0 Žagariņa, Aleksandra Nikolaevna, 33, 41-42 Zaiach’i Gory, 40-41, 41n4l Zaionchkovskii, Andrei Medarovich, 511-12 zakon о voenno-polevykh sudakh (military field courts), xxviii-xxxi Zarakovsky, General, 309 Zavoiko, Vasilii Stepanovich, 535 Zelenin, Aleksandr, 527 Zelik, the Jew, 108 Zemgor, 493-94, 505, 510 Zem-Hussars, 294nn28-29, 294-95 Zemstvo Assembly, 369n25 zemstvos. See land councils Zenkovskii, Aleksandr Vladimirovich, xxxii-xxxiii Zhdanov, Andrei, 36, 36n37 Zhilinsky, Yakov Grigorevich, 24ln6, 241-43, 245 A Broken Life on, 489 Zhukov, Georgy Konstantinovich, 274, 274nl4 Zubatov, Sergei Vasilevich, xix Zviagintsev, Aleksandr Ivanovich, 147 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München Ч_ _ J |
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| spelling | Olferʹev, Fëdor Sergejevič 1885-1971 Verfasser (DE-588)1234717824 aut Russia in war and revolution the memoirs of Fyodor Sergeyevich Olferieff by Fyodor Sergeyevich Olferieff ; edited by Gary M. Hamburg ; translated by Tanya Alexandra Cameron Stanford, California Hoover Institution Press [2021] © 2021 lvi, 614 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Porträts txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hoover Institution Press publication no. 710 Olferʹev, Fëdor Sergejevič 1885-1971 (DE-588)1234717824 gnd rswk-swf Russland Armija (DE-588)1216940-7 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1900-1919 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4003939-0 Autobiografie gnd-content Olferʹev, Fëdor Sergejevič 1885-1971 (DE-588)1234717824 p Russland Armija (DE-588)1216940-7 b Geschichte 1900-1919 z DE-604 Hamburg, Gary M. 1950- (DE-588)141221755 edt Cameron, Tanya Alexandra trl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-0-8179-2366-2 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, MOBI 978-0-8179-2367-9 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-0-8179-2368-6 Hoover Institution Press publication no. 710 (DE-604)BV000893645 710 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032585228&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032585228&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Olferʹev, Fëdor Sergejevič 1885-1971 Russia in war and revolution the memoirs of Fyodor Sergeyevich Olferieff Hoover Institution Press publication Olferʹev, Fëdor Sergejevič 1885-1971 (DE-588)1234717824 gnd Russland Armija (DE-588)1216940-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1234717824 (DE-588)1216940-7 (DE-588)4003939-0 |
| title | Russia in war and revolution the memoirs of Fyodor Sergeyevich Olferieff |
| title_auth | Russia in war and revolution the memoirs of Fyodor Sergeyevich Olferieff |
| title_exact_search | Russia in war and revolution the memoirs of Fyodor Sergeyevich Olferieff |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Russia in war and revolution the memoirs of Fyodor Sergeyevich Olferieff |
| title_full | Russia in war and revolution the memoirs of Fyodor Sergeyevich Olferieff by Fyodor Sergeyevich Olferieff ; edited by Gary M. Hamburg ; translated by Tanya Alexandra Cameron |
| title_fullStr | Russia in war and revolution the memoirs of Fyodor Sergeyevich Olferieff by Fyodor Sergeyevich Olferieff ; edited by Gary M. Hamburg ; translated by Tanya Alexandra Cameron |
| title_full_unstemmed | Russia in war and revolution the memoirs of Fyodor Sergeyevich Olferieff by Fyodor Sergeyevich Olferieff ; edited by Gary M. Hamburg ; translated by Tanya Alexandra Cameron |
| title_short | Russia in war and revolution |
| title_sort | russia in war and revolution the memoirs of fyodor sergeyevich olferieff |
| title_sub | the memoirs of Fyodor Sergeyevich Olferieff |
| topic | Olferʹev, Fëdor Sergejevič 1885-1971 (DE-588)1234717824 gnd Russland Armija (DE-588)1216940-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Olferʹev, Fëdor Sergejevič 1885-1971 Russland Armija Autobiografie |
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