Understanding energy security in Central and Eastern Europe: Russia, transition and national interest
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| Other Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London ; New York
Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
2018
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| Series: | Routledge contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe series
81 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | xvi, 239 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781138120341 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Understanding energy security in Central and Eastern Europe |b Russia, transition and national interest |c edited by Wojciech Ostrowski and Eamonn Butler |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Energy security |z Europe, Central | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Energy industries |x Political aspects |z Europe, Eastern | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Energy industries |x Political aspects |z Europe, Central | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Energy policy |z Europe, Eastern | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804182256909025280 |
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| adam_text | viii Contents 8 Bułgaria 138 DIMITAR BECHEV 9 Hungary 155 EAMONN BUTLER 10 Baltic States 178 GIEDRIUS ČESNAKAS 11 Serbia 202 MILOS DAMNJANOVIC 12 Conclusion: Central and Eastern European energy security ֊ more than Russia 222 EAMONN BUTLER Index 232
Index Abramovich, Roman 56 Adamkus, Valdas 189-90 Adria oil pipeline 74 Adriatic Pipeline (JANAF) 205 Ahtisaari, Marti 213-14 Alekperov, Vagit 55-6, 57, 62 Alganov, Vladimir 126 Algeria 76 Amable, В. 36 Amber Grid 193 Ámon, A. 171 Antall, Jószef 160 Antic, Aleksandar 216 Antic, Srboljub 209 AS Eesti Gaas 192 AtomStroyExport (ASE) 149 Autonomous Administrations 99-100 Azerbaijan 76 Azerbaijan-Georgia-Romania Interconnector (AGRI) 111ո9 Bachneftekhim 54 Balkan Petroleum 105 Balmaceda, M. M. 184 Baltic-Pipe 124 Baltic States: arbitrating energy security 193-4; corruption in 183-5; electricity network sector 189-91; energy mix in 178-80; as EU members 181; European Continental Network and 190; European Union agenda for 186; implementing EU’s Third Party Pack age 192-3; intraregional cooperation between 197-8; as members of Inte grated Power System/Unified Power System (IPS/UPS) 181; natural gas sector 191-3; natural gas supply diversification 194-6; nuclear sector 187-9; oil supply disruptions 181-3; regional liquefied natural gas terminal 194-5; renewable energy sources (RES) 196-7; synchronisation with European Continental Network 191; vulnerabilities of 178-81; see also Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania BaltPool free electricity market 190 Banatski Dvor storage facility 205, 212, 214 Barnes, A. 47 Bartimpex 121, 122 Bartuška, Václav 75 Bashneft 58 Belene nuclear power plant 149-50 Beneš, Vit 83 Binhack, Petr 62 Blue Stream pipeline 143 Bogdanov, Vladimir 55-6, 57 Bohle, D. 38-9, 48 Bokros, Lajos 161 Bokros stabilisation package 161 BRELL (Belarus, Russia, Estonia, Latvia and
Lithuania) Network 181, 183, 189-91 Brussels 78, 215, 230 Bruszt, Laszlo 33, 43 Bulgaria: capture economies of 45; corruption in 139; deindustrialisation 140-1; Energy and Water Regulatory Commission 140; Energy Law of 2003 143, 151; energy mix in 138, 139^42; energy system inefficiencies 140-1; European Union accession 142-3; gas diversification challenges 144-7; Gazprom’s investments in 65; hosting Transbalkan Pipeline 140; infrastructure issues 141; Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) 145; nuclear energy and 149-50; path dependency 142; post-communist
Index period 142-3; as pure neo-liberal regime 39; Russian influence on 138-9; Russian oil companies’ investments in 63; South Stream and 146 Bulgarian Energy Holding (BEH) 140 Bulgaria-Romania-Hungary-Austria (BRUA) Corridor 97 Bulgartransgaz 141 Burgas-Alexandroupolis Pipeline 148-9 Būtingė oil terminal 186 capitalism 35-7, 424, 48 capitalist economy 33 capitalist transformation 35-6 capture economies 45-6 CEE see Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) CEFC China Energy Company Limited 101 Central and Eastern Europe (CEE): as autonomous actors 26-7; dependence on Russian gas 63^4, 64; dependent on Russian gas and oil imports 52; economies, segments of 37-8; energy dynamics with Russia 5; energy mix in 24-6; energy security in 23-9; as EU member states 230; European Union as third actor in energy sector 226-8; gas pipeline network 24; Gazprom’s investments in 65; intentions of privitisation 225-6; international integration economies 36-7; Kremlin’s strategy at dominating 7; poor governance decisions 229; post-socialist economies of 404; as preferred target for Russian firms 53; property transformation 40-1 Centrex 210 České Energetické Závody (ČEZ) 8, 76, 79-80 česnakas, G. 192 Chernomyrdin, Viktor 59-60, 143, 209 Chevron 197 Churkin, Vitalii 181 Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria (GERB) 150-1 Combinatul Siderurgic Reşiţa 105 Connolly, R. 34-5 Conventions 104, 11 ln 19 coordinated market economies (CMEs) 36 Corporate Commercial Bank (KTB) 143 corporate state capture 45-6 corruption: in Baltic States 183-5; in Bulgaria 139; in Czech energy sector 233 7-8, 80-2;
definition of 44-5; in Hungary 174-5; in Latvia 185; in oil products sector 185; in Poland 118; in Romania 108, 226 Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 67nl Crimea 29, 144 Croatia 39, 45 crude oil 117-18 Czechia 63, 65 Czechoslovakia 33—4, 41, 74 see also Czech Republic Czech Republic: Adria oil pipeline 74; capture economies of 45; corruption in 80-2; economic liberalisation project 81-2; as embedded neo-liberal regime 39; energy privatisation 77-80; energy supplies, state of 73-6; France and 86; impact of Ukraine crisis on 86; Ingolstadt - Kralupy nad VltavouLitvinov pipeline (IKL) 76; liberalised foreign trade 46; natural resources 74; nuclear energy and 76, 86; oil-delivery diversification 75-6; périodisation 77-8; political elites 41; political fragmentation of 81-2; privatisation 48n6 ; reliance on Russian oil 75-6; Russian economic influence in 82-7; Transalpine pipeline (TAL) 76; underground storage facilities 75 Czech State Energy Policy 75 Deák, A. 171 Denmark 110n8 de novo segment of the economy 38 Dinkic, Mladjan 209, 211 downstream integration 64-6 Drahokoupil, J. 36-7 Druzhba pipeline 62, 117-18, 186 Dujotekana 184-5 Dunai, Andras 163 Dunai, Imre 162-3 Eastring pipeline 216 economic elite 42-4 economic nationalism 46-7 Elbahold Limited 103 Elektrėnai heat plant 180 Elektroprivreda Srbije (EPS) 204 elite formation 40-2 elite transformation 424 embedded neo-liberal regimes 39 energy, as political weapon 17 Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) 20, 66-7
234 Index energy prices, affecting Central and Eastern Europe 1-2 energy security: in CEE 23-9; components of 1; in IR framework 23-9; Russia as geopolitical threat to 21 energy wars, as post-Soviet space phenomenon 223 see also RussianUkrainian gas wars ENTSO-E 181, 189-91, 198n2 E.ON 169 Estlink 189 Estonia: capture economies of 45; economic restructuring in 34-5; AS Eesti Gaas 192; energy mix in 178-9; exemption from EU gas directive 193, 194; Gazprom’s investments in 65; greenhouse gas emissions 183; implementing EU’s Third Party Package 193-4; National Development Plan of the Energy Sector to 2020 189; NordBalt interconnection 190; nuclear energy and 189; oil shale 179, 183; oil supply disruptions 182; political elites 41; Russian oil companies’ investments in 63; Scandinavian integration in 190-1; see also Baltic States European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) 172 European Commission (EC) 1, 146-7, 181, 193-5, 223 European Continental Network 190-1 European Energy Union 223 European Union (EU): agenda for Baltic States 186; CEE countries as members of 230; decarbonisation policy 131-2; as energy actor 22-3; Energy Package 67; energy relationship with Russia 22-3; incorporating CEE states 21; as normative power 17; Polish accession to 128; recognising Russia as energy supplier 228; renewable energy legislation 143; role in bringing Russians/Poles together 130-1; Romania as part of 107; Russian energy consumption by 25; Serbia and 215; as third actor in CEE energy sector 226-8; Third Energy Package (TEP) 108, 110, 146, 165, 168, 192-3 EuroPolGaz 67, 121 FDI-based
market economies 37 financial nationalism 46-7 Finland 195 foreign direct investments (FDIs) 36 Fridman, Mikhail 84 Gabrielsson, R. 197 Gadowska, Kaja 122 Gaidar, Yegor 59, 121 Garancsi, István 174 Gas Interconnector Poland-Lithuania (GIPL) pipeline 195-6 gas pipeline network 24-5 Gazprom: abandoning South Stream 211; ambitions of 28; breach of EU antitrust rules 68n7; Czech Republic and 74; downstream integration 64; as AS Eesti Gaas shareholder 192; European Commission investigation into 193-4; investments in CEE countries 65; joint-venture with PGNiG 67; market power 60-1; oil production levels 58; in Poland 122; pricing strategy 66-7; purchasing Lietuvos Dujos 192; restricting investments 66; in Romania 95-6; shipping gas to Belams 127; suspending deliveries to Ukraine 205; transit pipeline through Polish territory 119; vertical de-integration of 59-60 Gdańsk oil refinery 125 geopolitics of energy 222 GERB (Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria) 150-1 Glavbolgarstroy 146 globalisation 46-7 Greece 145 Gref, German 60 Greskovits, B. 38-9, 48 Grigas, Agnia 186 Gudzowaty, Aleksander 121-3 Gyurcsány, Ferenc 166, 167 Hall, P. 36 Havel, Václav 73 Hellman, J. 44-5 Henderson, James 122 Herbert Smith Law Firm 188 Herrman, Martin 169-70 Hexagonale regional cooperation initiative 74 Hitachi 188 Hóm, Gyula 162 Huj ber, Ottó 162-3 Hungarian Democratic Foram 159-60 Hungarian Energy Policy Principles and the Business Model of the Energy Sector 164
Index Hungarian Finance Trade Corp. 163 Hungarian Justice and Life Party 160 Hungarian National Energy Strategy 2030 159 Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) 165 Hungary: Alliance of Free DemocratsHungarian Liberal Party 161; antiRussian sentiment 164-5; Bokros stabilisation package 161; capture economies of 45; Christian Democratic People’s Party 160; corruption in 174-5; debt recovery process 162-3; as embedded neo-liberal regime 39; energy mix in 157-9; energy policy 164; Fidesz-led government 164-5, 168-9; gas riot protest 159; Gazprom’s investments in 65; HUF 125 per metre utility tax 169-70; Hungarian Justice and Life Party 160; implementing EU’s Third Party Package 165, 168; Independent Smallholders Party 160; insider privatisation 41; MOL Group 161-2; national autonomy of 27; natural gas 163; oilgate scandal 162-3; Paks nuclear power station 158; party political interest vs. national interest 155-6; political elites 40-1; post-2010 energy policy 155; Privatization Law 161-2; public’s trust in government 155-6, 159-60; renewable energy sources (RES) 158-9; Russia, as strategic partner 156-8; Russian gas imports 25; Russian influence on 172-4; Russian investment in 165-6; Russian oil companies’ investments in 63; Russia-Ukraine crisis, effects of 158, 166; Safety Stockpiling of Natural Gas Act 166; South Stream and 170-1 Hungary First 168-9, 173, 174 lancu, Marian 105 Ignalina nuclear power plant 180, 182, 183, 187 Ilves, Toomas Hendrik 189 Ingolstadt - Kralupy nad Vltavou-Litvinov pipeline (IKL) 76 Innés, A. 45 International Energy Agency (IEA) 75, 157 International
Relations (IR) theories 5 international segment of the economy 38 Italy, oil reserves 110n8 J S Company 126 235 Johnson, J. 47 Johnson, S. 43 Kaczynksi, Lech 189-90 Kasyanov, Mikhail 165 Kaveshnikov, N. 192 Kazakhstan 76 KazMunayGas 101 KEPCO 188 Khodorkovsky, Mikhail 21, 56 Klaipėda liquefied natural gas terminal 195 Klaus, Václav 77, 81-2, 83, 85 KomiTek 54 Kopacz, Ewa 129 Kořán, Michal 86 Kosovo 208, 213-14 Kostov, Ivan 148 Kovachev, Milko 149 Kovachki, Hristo 151 Kruonis hydro accumulation plant 180 Kuchma, Leonid 123 Kulczyk, Jan 125-6 Kwaśniewski, Aleksander 123, 126 Lakatos, Benjamin 174 Laki, M. 43 Latvia: capture economies of 45; corruption in 185; energy mix in 179; exemption from EU gas directive 194; Gazprom’s investments in 65; NordBalt interconnection 190; oil supply disruptions 182-3; political elites 41; Russian gas imports 25; see also Baltic States Latvijas Gaze 192 Lembergs, Aivars 185 LEO LT (Lithuanian Electricity Organisation) 187-8 LetterOne 84 liberal market economies (LMEs) 36 Lietuvos Dujos 192, 193 Lignite production 94 limited-access orders 35 Lionginas, Jonas 184 liquefied natural gas 22, 66, 96-7, 179, 195, 228-9 Lithuania: arbitrating energy security 193; capture economies of 45; electricity generation 180; energy diplomacy experienced by 181; energy mix in 179-80; Gazprom’s investments in 65; implementing EU’s Third Party Package 193 4; Law on the Nuclear
236 Index Power Plant 187-8; LNG terminal in 195; natural gas consumption 180; nuclear power plant project 187-9; oil imports 180; political elites 41; Russian gas imports 25; Russian oil companies’ investments in 63; shale gas 196-7; see also Baltic States Lithuanian Geological Survey 197 loans-for-shares scheme 56 Locatelli, C. 22 Lotos Group 118 Loveman, G. 43 Luca, Liviu 103 łucki, Zbigniew 127 Lukoil 28, 54, 57, 58, 61-2, 95-6 Lukoil Energy and Gas Romania 106 Maldeikis, Eugenijus 184 Management and Employee Buyout (MEBO) 100 Marjanovič, Mirko 209 market capitalism 33 Martin, Roderick 37-8, 43-4, 48 Martitsa East 2 TPP 140 Matolcsy, György 164 Mažeikiai oil refinery 128, 180, 184 Mechel 112n22 Medgyessy, Péter 165 Medvedev, Dmitrii 78, 85 MERO ČR 76 Miller, Alexei 214 Miller, Leszek 124-5 Milosevic, Slobodan 207 Minsk-Vilnius-Kaliningrad pipeline 180 Miodowicz, Konstanty 123 Mládek, Jan 86 MOL Group 161-2, 168 Movement of Rights and Freedoms (MRF) 147 Mowscow loan affair 124 Multigroup 142 MVM (power company) 162, 165, 169-71 Myant, M. 36-7 Nabucco pipeline 129, 167, 171 Naftna Industrija Srbije (NIS) 202, 208, 211-12 Nagy, György 174 Nagylengyel 157 Najder, Zdzisław 124 natural gas production, in Hungary 157 Nazarbayev, Nursultan 129 Neftochim refinery 140, 143, 147-8 Nejedlý, Martin 85 Newman, R. 222 Nikolič, Tomislav 215 Niš-Dimitrovgrad interconnection 216 NIS Petrol 106 N M Rothschild Sons 188 nomenklatura privatisation 43 non-state actors 27-9 NordBalt project 190 Nord Stream pipeline 128-9, 215 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 20 Norway 124 oil
production: campaign against 197; companies controlling 56; in Hungary 157; in Lithuania 180; in Romania 93, 95 oil shale 27,178-9,182-3 see also shale gas Olszewski, Jan 121 OMV Petrom 106-7 open-access orders 35 Orbán, Viktor 164-5, 168, 173 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 78, 81, 82 Orlen oil company 118, 128, 129 Ovcharov, Rumen 149 Overgaz 143 Paks 2 project 171-2 Paksas, Rolandas 184 Paks nuclear power station 158, 171 Pál, László 162 Panrusgaz 163, 165 Pantiş, Sorin 100-1 party state capture 45-6 Pârvanov, Georgi 143 Pasti, V 107 Patko, Andras 163 Patriciu, Dinu 100-1 Pavlov, Iliya 142 Peevski, Delyan 143, 146 périodisation 77-8 peripheral market economies 37 Petrom 99 Petromservice 102-3 Petrotel Oil Refinery 104-5 Petrotrans 101-2 Plesi, Jaroslav 83, 84 Poland: adopting the Euro 132; capture economies of 45; corruption 118; crude terminal in Gdańsk 130; Druzhba pipeline 117-18; economic crisis in 125; as embedded neo-liberal regime 39; energy mix in 117-18;
Index Gazprom’s investments in 65; globalisation in 46; insider privatisation 41; opening LNG terminal 129-30; Orlengate scandal 125-8; perception of Russian energy threats 26; political elites 41; privatising Gdańsk oil refinery 125-6; privatising state-owned energy firms 118; Russian influence on 116, 124-5; Russian oil companies’ investments in 63; Ukraine and 123, 129, 131; Yamal-Europe gas pipeline 122; see also Russian-Polish energy relations Polish Oil and Gas Company (PGNiG) 118, 120-1, 130 Polish Oil Company (PKN) 125 political elites 40-1 post-communist change 33 post-socialist regimes: capitalism in 36-7; economic influences 34-6; political and social factors in 38-9; transformation of 33^1; types of 39; variation in 34-9 post-Soviet Russian-EU relations 19-23 privatisation: elites and 40-2; of Gdańsk oil refinery 125-6; of Hungary’s energy system 160-2; insider 41; of Mažeikiai oil refinery 182, 184; mixedmethod 42; of Naftna Industrija Srbije 208; parasitic 43; of Polish stateowned energy 118; priorities of 225-6; of Romanian energy sector 98-100; of Russian oil industry 54-7; spontaneous 43; of state-owned oil companies 32-3; voucher 40-1 Progresgas Trejdmg 209 property transformation 40 PSV Company 103 Putin, Vladimir 144, 191, 211, 215 Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) 83 RAFO Oneşti 105 realist theory 29 remittance and aid-based economies 37 renewable energy sources (RES): in Baltic States 196-7; in Bulgaria 143; in Estonia 179; EU legislation on 143; in Hungary 158-9; promoting 22; in Romania 108-9; in Serbia 203-4 rent-seeking 117, 122, 125, 131,
139, 151 resource nationalism, global development of 22 Risk Management Laboratory 148 237 Roman, Martin 82 Romania: capirne economies of 45; communist legacy in 97-8; complying with EU climate targets 108-9; corruption in 108; de-regulating electricity and gas prices 108; domestic energy production of 27; economic restructuring in 34-5; energy mix in 94-5; energy ownership structure 95-6; energy policy goals 96-7, 109; fuel theft in 101-2; international development of 95-6; Management and Employee Buyout (MEBO) 100; mixed-method privatisation 42; national autonomy of 27; natural gas sources diversification 96-7; oil reserves 110n8; as part of European Union 107; pipeline network lll-12n20; post-communist transition 98-100; post-war period 93^1; privatisation process 98-100; providing oil to Germany 93; public aversion to Russia 103-4; as pure neo-liberal regime 39; reorientation to international markets 46; Russian influence 103-7, 110; Russian oil companies’ investments in 63; transit conventions 104, 11ІПІ9; transition legacy 98-100, 110; Western capital investment in 107-9 Romgaz 99, 102 Rompetrol 100-1 Rosatom 148, 171-2 Rosneft 54, 58, 62-3, 129 Russia: abandoning South Stream project 215; economic influence on Czech Republic 82-7; energy policy 52-3; energy supply interruptions by 181; as geopolitical threat to energy security 21; hydrocarbon sector in 54; inter governmental agreement with Serbia 203, 210-13; investments in Hungary 165-6; NATO and 20; oil exports 25; presidential sycophancy towards 83֊4; privatising oil companies 54-7; as reliable energy supplier
19-20; resolving economic disputes 128; as revisionist state 17, 21; state-control over oil industry 21; TVEL 87; using energy as political tool 222 Russian-EU energy relations 78 Russian gas: alternative route for 212-13; competiveness of 25-6; Czech Republic and 75; dependence on 52;
238 Index downstream integration 64-6; European demand for 22; Norway’s dependence on 74; Orlengate scandal 126; Polish reliance on 116-17, 122, 131; production by producer 60; rate of dependence on 63-4, 64; Romania and 104, 1 lini9; South Stream gas pipeline 144-7, 170-1, 208, 210-12; Ukraine as transit country for 21; see also Gazprom Russian oil: in Bulgaria 147-9; political economy of 58-9 Russian oil and gas companies: consolidation process 56; emergence of 54; gas production by producer 60; industry reform 59-60; international development of 61-3; investments in CEE countries 63; loans-for-shares scheme 56; by production levels 58; reforming 54-5; state-owned companies in oil production 58-9; vertically integrated 54 Russian-Polish energy relations: breakdown between 123-8; cooperation in 119-23; legacy of 131; long-term contracts with Gazprom 120; overview of 119; rapprochement with 128-31 Russian-Ukrainian gas wars 2, 8-9, 86, 128, 158, 166 RussNeft 58 RWE Gas Storage 75 Safety Stockpiling of Natural Gas Act (Hungary) 166 Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha, Simeon 149 Sechin, Igor 59 Seele, Rainer 106-7 Serbia: domestic politics 213-14, 215-16; electricity generation 203-4; energy dependency 204, 205-6; energy mix in 202, 203^4; energy transport infrastructure 204-5; implementing EU’s Third Party Package 215; inter governmental agreement with Russia 203, 210-13; international isolation for 207; overthrow of Slobodan Milosevic 207; perception of Russian energy threats 26; Russian energy relationship with 206-10, 206; see also Kosovo shale gas 22, 66, 96, 106, 117, 196-7 see also
oil shale Sibneft 61 Sidanko 54 Sikorski, Radosław 128, 132 Slavneft 54, 58 Slesers, Ainārs 185 Śliwa, Z. 197 Slobodian, Natalia 222-3 Slovakia: capture economies of 45; as embedded neo-liberal regime 39; Gazprom’s investments in 65; Russian gas imports 25; Russian oil companies’ investments in 63 Slovenia 36, 48n4, 63, 80 Smith, K. C. 185 SNP Petrom 107 Sobotka, Bohuslav 83 Socor, V. 167 Soskice, D. 36 South Stream gas pipeline 144, 145-7, 170-1, 208, 210-12 SovRoms 97 spontaneous privatisation 43 Srbijagas 205 Stanescu, Sorin Roşea 100-1 Stark, D. 34, 43 state-business relations 44 state capture 45-6 state segment of the economy 38 state socialism 32 Stella Vitae 184 Stem, Jonathan 64 Stonys, Rimandas 184-5 Stropnický, Martin 83, 86-7 Stroytrransgaz 147 Suchocka, Hana 120 Surgutneftegaz 54, 57, 58, 61 Swain, Nigel 43 Szalai, J. 43 Szelényi, Iván 42-3 Tatneft 54, 58 Tehnoeksportstroy 146 Third-Country reciprocity clause 67 Third Energy Package (TEP) see European Union (EU) Tichy, Lukas 62 Timchenko 147 ТМК 105 TNK-BP 58, 61 Topenergy 142, 143 Topolánek, Mirek 85, 87 Transadriatic Pipeline (TAP) 145 Transalpine pipeline (TAL) 76 Transbalkan Pipeline 140 transformation, of post-socialist regimes 33-6 transit conventions 104
Index transit states 24-5 Transneft 182 Transparency International, corruption perceptions index 80 Trubnikov, Ilya 174 Turkey 145 Turkish Stream pipeline 147, 216 Tusk, Donald 131-2 Tyumen Oil Company 54 Vassilev, Tsvetan 143 Ventspils Nafta 182, 185 Visaginas nuclear power plant 188-90 Vojeika, Piotras 184-5 voucher privatisation 40-1 Vyakhirev, Rem 121, 143 Walesa, Lech 120, 121 Westinghouse 86-7 Ukraine 21, 25, 123 Ukrainian-Russian gas wars see Russian-Ukrainian gas wars unbundling 67 Uspaskich, Viktoras 184 Yamal-Europe gas pipeline 122 Yugorosgaz 207, 209-10 Yukos 21 Yukos affair 55-7, 61-2 Vântu, Sorin Ovidiu 103 Zeman, Miloš 83-5 Zlatev, Valentin 147-8 Bayerische Λ Staatsbibliothek v München 239
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viii Contents 8 Bułgaria 138 DIMITAR BECHEV 9 Hungary 155 EAMONN BUTLER 10 Baltic States 178 GIEDRIUS ČESNAKAS 11 Serbia 202 MILOS DAMNJANOVIC 12 Conclusion: Central and Eastern European energy security ֊ more than Russia 222 EAMONN BUTLER Index 232
Index Abramovich, Roman 56 Adamkus, Valdas 189-90 Adria oil pipeline 74 Adriatic Pipeline (JANAF) 205 Ahtisaari, Marti 213-14 Alekperov, Vagit 55-6, 57, 62 Alganov, Vladimir 126 Algeria 76 Amable, В. 36 Amber Grid 193 Ámon, A. 171 Antall, Jószef 160 Antic, Aleksandar 216 Antic, Srboljub 209 AS Eesti Gaas 192 AtomStroyExport (ASE) 149 Autonomous Administrations 99-100 Azerbaijan 76 Azerbaijan-Georgia-Romania Interconnector (AGRI) 111ո9 Bachneftekhim 54 Balkan Petroleum 105 Balmaceda, M. M. 184 Baltic-Pipe 124 Baltic States: arbitrating energy security 193-4; corruption in 183-5; electricity network sector 189-91; energy mix in 178-80; as EU members 181; European Continental Network and 190; European Union agenda for 186; implementing EU’s Third Party Pack age 192-3; intraregional cooperation between 197-8; as members of Inte grated Power System/Unified Power System (IPS/UPS) 181; natural gas sector 191-3; natural gas supply diversification 194-6; nuclear sector 187-9; oil supply disruptions 181-3; regional liquefied natural gas terminal 194-5; renewable energy sources (RES) 196-7; synchronisation with European Continental Network 191; vulnerabilities of 178-81; see also Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania BaltPool free electricity market 190 Banatski Dvor storage facility 205, 212, 214 Barnes, A. 47 Bartimpex 121, 122 Bartuška, Václav 75 Bashneft 58 Belene nuclear power plant 149-50 Beneš, Vit 83 Binhack, Petr 62 Blue Stream pipeline 143 Bogdanov, Vladimir 55-6, 57 Bohle, D. 38-9, 48 Bokros, Lajos 161 Bokros stabilisation package 161 BRELL (Belarus, Russia, Estonia, Latvia and
Lithuania) Network 181, 183, 189-91 Brussels 78, 215, 230 Bruszt, Laszlo 33, 43 Bulgaria: capture economies of 45; corruption in 139; deindustrialisation 140-1; Energy and Water Regulatory Commission 140; Energy Law of 2003 143, 151; energy mix in 138, 139^42; energy system inefficiencies 140-1; European Union accession 142-3; gas diversification challenges 144-7; Gazprom’s investments in 65; hosting Transbalkan Pipeline 140; infrastructure issues 141; Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) 145; nuclear energy and 149-50; path dependency 142; post-communist
Index period 142-3; as pure neo-liberal regime 39; Russian influence on 138-9; Russian oil companies’ investments in 63; South Stream and 146 Bulgarian Energy Holding (BEH) 140 Bulgaria-Romania-Hungary-Austria (BRUA) Corridor 97 Bulgartransgaz 141 Burgas-Alexandroupolis Pipeline 148-9 Būtingė oil terminal 186 capitalism 35-7, 424, 48 capitalist economy 33 capitalist transformation 35-6 capture economies 45-6 CEE see Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) CEFC China Energy Company Limited 101 Central and Eastern Europe (CEE): as autonomous actors 26-7; dependence on Russian gas 63^4, 64; dependent on Russian gas and oil imports 52; economies, segments of 37-8; energy dynamics with Russia 5; energy mix in 24-6; energy security in 23-9; as EU member states 230; European Union as third actor in energy sector 226-8; gas pipeline network 24; Gazprom’s investments in 65; intentions of privitisation 225-6; international integration economies 36-7; Kremlin’s strategy at dominating 7; poor governance decisions 229; post-socialist economies of 404; as preferred target for Russian firms 53; property transformation 40-1 Centrex 210 České Energetické Závody (ČEZ) 8, 76, 79-80 česnakas, G. 192 Chernomyrdin, Viktor 59-60, 143, 209 Chevron 197 Churkin, Vitalii 181 Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria (GERB) 150-1 Combinatul Siderurgic Reşiţa 105 Connolly, R. 34-5 Conventions 104, 11 ln 19 coordinated market economies (CMEs) 36 Corporate Commercial Bank (KTB) 143 corporate state capture 45-6 corruption: in Baltic States 183-5; in Bulgaria 139; in Czech energy sector 233 7-8, 80-2;
definition of 44-5; in Hungary 174-5; in Latvia 185; in oil products sector 185; in Poland 118; in Romania 108, 226 Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 67nl Crimea 29, 144 Croatia 39, 45 crude oil 117-18 Czechia 63, 65 Czechoslovakia 33—4, 41, 74 see also Czech Republic Czech Republic: Adria oil pipeline 74; capture economies of 45; corruption in 80-2; economic liberalisation project 81-2; as embedded neo-liberal regime 39; energy privatisation 77-80; energy supplies, state of 73-6; France and 86; impact of Ukraine crisis on 86; Ingolstadt - Kralupy nad VltavouLitvinov pipeline (IKL) 76; liberalised foreign trade 46; natural resources 74; nuclear energy and 76, 86; oil-delivery diversification 75-6; périodisation 77-8; political elites 41; political fragmentation of 81-2; privatisation 48n6 ; reliance on Russian oil 75-6; Russian economic influence in 82-7; Transalpine pipeline (TAL) 76; underground storage facilities 75 Czech State Energy Policy 75 Deák, A. 171 Denmark 110n8 de novo segment of the economy 38 Dinkic, Mladjan 209, 211 downstream integration 64-6 Drahokoupil, J. 36-7 Druzhba pipeline 62, 117-18, 186 Dujotekana 184-5 Dunai, Andras 163 Dunai, Imre 162-3 Eastring pipeline 216 economic elite 42-4 economic nationalism 46-7 Elbahold Limited 103 Elektrėnai heat plant 180 Elektroprivreda Srbije (EPS) 204 elite formation 40-2 elite transformation 424 embedded neo-liberal regimes 39 energy, as political weapon 17 Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) 20, 66-7
234 Index energy prices, affecting Central and Eastern Europe 1-2 energy security: in CEE 23-9; components of 1; in IR framework 23-9; Russia as geopolitical threat to 21 energy wars, as post-Soviet space phenomenon 223 see also RussianUkrainian gas wars ENTSO-E 181, 189-91, 198n2 E.ON 169 Estlink 189 Estonia: capture economies of 45; economic restructuring in 34-5; AS Eesti Gaas 192; energy mix in 178-9; exemption from EU gas directive 193, 194; Gazprom’s investments in 65; greenhouse gas emissions 183; implementing EU’s Third Party Package 193-4; National Development Plan of the Energy Sector to 2020 189; NordBalt interconnection 190; nuclear energy and 189; oil shale 179, 183; oil supply disruptions 182; political elites 41; Russian oil companies’ investments in 63; Scandinavian integration in 190-1; see also Baltic States European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) 172 European Commission (EC) 1, 146-7, 181, 193-5, 223 European Continental Network 190-1 European Energy Union 223 European Union (EU): agenda for Baltic States 186; CEE countries as members of 230; decarbonisation policy 131-2; as energy actor 22-3; Energy Package 67; energy relationship with Russia 22-3; incorporating CEE states 21; as normative power 17; Polish accession to 128; recognising Russia as energy supplier 228; renewable energy legislation 143; role in bringing Russians/Poles together 130-1; Romania as part of 107; Russian energy consumption by 25; Serbia and 215; as third actor in CEE energy sector 226-8; Third Energy Package (TEP) 108, 110, 146, 165, 168, 192-3 EuroPolGaz 67, 121 FDI-based
market economies 37 financial nationalism 46-7 Finland 195 foreign direct investments (FDIs) 36 Fridman, Mikhail 84 Gabrielsson, R. 197 Gadowska, Kaja 122 Gaidar, Yegor 59, 121 Garancsi, István 174 Gas Interconnector Poland-Lithuania (GIPL) pipeline 195-6 gas pipeline network 24-5 Gazprom: abandoning South Stream 211; ambitions of 28; breach of EU antitrust rules 68n7; Czech Republic and 74; downstream integration 64; as AS Eesti Gaas shareholder 192; European Commission investigation into 193-4; investments in CEE countries 65; joint-venture with PGNiG 67; market power 60-1; oil production levels 58; in Poland 122; pricing strategy 66-7; purchasing Lietuvos Dujos 192; restricting investments 66; in Romania 95-6; shipping gas to Belams 127; suspending deliveries to Ukraine 205; transit pipeline through Polish territory 119; vertical de-integration of 59-60 Gdańsk oil refinery 125 geopolitics of energy 222 GERB (Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria) 150-1 Glavbolgarstroy 146 globalisation 46-7 Greece 145 Gref, German 60 Greskovits, B. 38-9, 48 Grigas, Agnia 186 Gudzowaty, Aleksander 121-3 Gyurcsány, Ferenc 166, 167 Hall, P. 36 Havel, Václav 73 Hellman, J. 44-5 Henderson, James 122 Herbert Smith Law Firm 188 Herrman, Martin 169-70 Hexagonale regional cooperation initiative 74 Hitachi 188 Hóm, Gyula 162 Huj ber, Ottó 162-3 Hungarian Democratic Foram 159-60 Hungarian Energy Policy Principles and the Business Model of the Energy Sector 164
Index Hungarian Finance Trade Corp. 163 Hungarian Justice and Life Party 160 Hungarian National Energy Strategy 2030 159 Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) 165 Hungary: Alliance of Free DemocratsHungarian Liberal Party 161; antiRussian sentiment 164-5; Bokros stabilisation package 161; capture economies of 45; Christian Democratic People’s Party 160; corruption in 174-5; debt recovery process 162-3; as embedded neo-liberal regime 39; energy mix in 157-9; energy policy 164; Fidesz-led government 164-5, 168-9; gas riot protest 159; Gazprom’s investments in 65; HUF 125 per metre utility tax 169-70; Hungarian Justice and Life Party 160; implementing EU’s Third Party Package 165, 168; Independent Smallholders Party 160; insider privatisation 41; MOL Group 161-2; national autonomy of 27; natural gas 163; oilgate scandal 162-3; Paks nuclear power station 158; party political interest vs. national interest 155-6; political elites 40-1; post-2010 energy policy 155; Privatization Law 161-2; public’s trust in government 155-6, 159-60; renewable energy sources (RES) 158-9; Russia, as strategic partner 156-8; Russian gas imports 25; Russian influence on 172-4; Russian investment in 165-6; Russian oil companies’ investments in 63; Russia-Ukraine crisis, effects of 158, 166; Safety Stockpiling of Natural Gas Act 166; South Stream and 170-1 Hungary First 168-9, 173, 174 lancu, Marian 105 Ignalina nuclear power plant 180, 182, 183, 187 Ilves, Toomas Hendrik 189 Ingolstadt - Kralupy nad Vltavou-Litvinov pipeline (IKL) 76 Innés, A. 45 International Energy Agency (IEA) 75, 157 International
Relations (IR) theories 5 international segment of the economy 38 Italy, oil reserves 110n8 J S Company 126 235 Johnson, J. 47 Johnson, S. 43 Kaczynksi, Lech 189-90 Kasyanov, Mikhail 165 Kaveshnikov, N. 192 Kazakhstan 76 KazMunayGas 101 KEPCO 188 Khodorkovsky, Mikhail 21, 56 Klaipėda liquefied natural gas terminal 195 Klaus, Václav 77, 81-2, 83, 85 KomiTek 54 Kopacz, Ewa 129 Kořán, Michal 86 Kosovo 208, 213-14 Kostov, Ivan 148 Kovachev, Milko 149 Kovachki, Hristo 151 Kruonis hydro accumulation plant 180 Kuchma, Leonid 123 Kulczyk, Jan 125-6 Kwaśniewski, Aleksander 123, 126 Lakatos, Benjamin 174 Laki, M. 43 Latvia: capture economies of 45; corruption in 185; energy mix in 179; exemption from EU gas directive 194; Gazprom’s investments in 65; NordBalt interconnection 190; oil supply disruptions 182-3; political elites 41; Russian gas imports 25; see also Baltic States Latvijas Gaze 192 Lembergs, Aivars 185 LEO LT (Lithuanian Electricity Organisation) 187-8 LetterOne 84 liberal market economies (LMEs) 36 Lietuvos Dujos 192, 193 Lignite production 94 limited-access orders 35 Lionginas, Jonas 184 liquefied natural gas 22, 66, 96-7, 179, 195, 228-9 Lithuania: arbitrating energy security 193; capture economies of 45; electricity generation 180; energy diplomacy experienced by 181; energy mix in 179-80; Gazprom’s investments in 65; implementing EU’s Third Party Package 193 4; Law on the Nuclear
236 Index Power Plant 187-8; LNG terminal in 195; natural gas consumption 180; nuclear power plant project 187-9; oil imports 180; political elites 41; Russian gas imports 25; Russian oil companies’ investments in 63; shale gas 196-7; see also Baltic States Lithuanian Geological Survey 197 loans-for-shares scheme 56 Locatelli, C. 22 Lotos Group 118 Loveman, G. 43 Luca, Liviu 103 łucki, Zbigniew 127 Lukoil 28, 54, 57, 58, 61-2, 95-6 Lukoil Energy and Gas Romania 106 Maldeikis, Eugenijus 184 Management and Employee Buyout (MEBO) 100 Marjanovič, Mirko 209 market capitalism 33 Martin, Roderick 37-8, 43-4, 48 Martitsa East 2 TPP 140 Matolcsy, György 164 Mažeikiai oil refinery 128, 180, 184 Mechel 112n22 Medgyessy, Péter 165 Medvedev, Dmitrii 78, 85 MERO ČR 76 Miller, Alexei 214 Miller, Leszek 124-5 Milosevic, Slobodan 207 Minsk-Vilnius-Kaliningrad pipeline 180 Miodowicz, Konstanty 123 Mládek, Jan 86 MOL Group 161-2, 168 Movement of Rights and Freedoms (MRF) 147 Mowscow loan affair 124 Multigroup 142 MVM (power company) 162, 165, 169-71 Myant, M. 36-7 Nabucco pipeline 129, 167, 171 Naftna Industrija Srbije (NIS) 202, 208, 211-12 Nagy, György 174 Nagylengyel 157 Najder, Zdzisław 124 natural gas production, in Hungary 157 Nazarbayev, Nursultan 129 Neftochim refinery 140, 143, 147-8 Nejedlý, Martin 85 Newman, R. 222 Nikolič, Tomislav 215 Niš-Dimitrovgrad interconnection 216 NIS Petrol 106 N M Rothschild Sons 188 nomenklatura privatisation 43 non-state actors 27-9 NordBalt project 190 Nord Stream pipeline 128-9, 215 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 20 Norway 124 oil
production: campaign against 197; companies controlling 56; in Hungary 157; in Lithuania 180; in Romania 93, 95 oil shale 27,178-9,182-3 see also shale gas Olszewski, Jan 121 OMV Petrom 106-7 open-access orders 35 Orbán, Viktor 164-5, 168, 173 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 78, 81, 82 Orlen oil company 118, 128, 129 Ovcharov, Rumen 149 Overgaz 143 Paks 2 project 171-2 Paksas, Rolandas 184 Paks nuclear power station 158, 171 Pál, László 162 Panrusgaz 163, 165 Pantiş, Sorin 100-1 party state capture 45-6 Pârvanov, Georgi 143 Pasti, V 107 Patko, Andras 163 Patriciu, Dinu 100-1 Pavlov, Iliya 142 Peevski, Delyan 143, 146 périodisation 77-8 peripheral market economies 37 Petrom 99 Petromservice 102-3 Petrotel Oil Refinery 104-5 Petrotrans 101-2 Plesi, Jaroslav 83, 84 Poland: adopting the Euro 132; capture economies of 45; corruption 118; crude terminal in Gdańsk 130; Druzhba pipeline 117-18; economic crisis in 125; as embedded neo-liberal regime 39; energy mix in 117-18;
Index Gazprom’s investments in 65; globalisation in 46; insider privatisation 41; opening LNG terminal 129-30; Orlengate scandal 125-8; perception of Russian energy threats 26; political elites 41; privatising Gdańsk oil refinery 125-6; privatising state-owned energy firms 118; Russian influence on 116, 124-5; Russian oil companies’ investments in 63; Ukraine and 123, 129, 131; Yamal-Europe gas pipeline 122; see also Russian-Polish energy relations Polish Oil and Gas Company (PGNiG) 118, 120-1, 130 Polish Oil Company (PKN) 125 political elites 40-1 post-communist change 33 post-socialist regimes: capitalism in 36-7; economic influences 34-6; political and social factors in 38-9; transformation of 33^1; types of 39; variation in 34-9 post-Soviet Russian-EU relations 19-23 privatisation: elites and 40-2; of Gdańsk oil refinery 125-6; of Hungary’s energy system 160-2; insider 41; of Mažeikiai oil refinery 182, 184; mixedmethod 42; of Naftna Industrija Srbije 208; parasitic 43; of Polish stateowned energy 118; priorities of 225-6; of Romanian energy sector 98-100; of Russian oil industry 54-7; spontaneous 43; of state-owned oil companies 32-3; voucher 40-1 Progresgas Trejdmg 209 property transformation 40 PSV Company 103 Putin, Vladimir 144, 191, 211, 215 Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) 83 RAFO Oneşti 105 realist theory 29 remittance and aid-based economies 37 renewable energy sources (RES): in Baltic States 196-7; in Bulgaria 143; in Estonia 179; EU legislation on 143; in Hungary 158-9; promoting 22; in Romania 108-9; in Serbia 203-4 rent-seeking 117, 122, 125, 131,
139, 151 resource nationalism, global development of 22 Risk Management Laboratory 148 237 Roman, Martin 82 Romania: capirne economies of 45; communist legacy in 97-8; complying with EU climate targets 108-9; corruption in 108; de-regulating electricity and gas prices 108; domestic energy production of 27; economic restructuring in 34-5; energy mix in 94-5; energy ownership structure 95-6; energy policy goals 96-7, 109; fuel theft in 101-2; international development of 95-6; Management and Employee Buyout (MEBO) 100; mixed-method privatisation 42; national autonomy of 27; natural gas sources diversification 96-7; oil reserves 110n8; as part of European Union 107; pipeline network lll-12n20; post-communist transition 98-100; post-war period 93^1; privatisation process 98-100; providing oil to Germany 93; public aversion to Russia 103-4; as pure neo-liberal regime 39; reorientation to international markets 46; Russian influence 103-7, 110; Russian oil companies’ investments in 63; transit conventions 104, 11ІПІ9; transition legacy 98-100, 110; Western capital investment in 107-9 Romgaz 99, 102 Rompetrol 100-1 Rosatom 148, 171-2 Rosneft 54, 58, 62-3, 129 Russia: abandoning South Stream project 215; economic influence on Czech Republic 82-7; energy policy 52-3; energy supply interruptions by 181; as geopolitical threat to energy security 21; hydrocarbon sector in 54; inter governmental agreement with Serbia 203, 210-13; investments in Hungary 165-6; NATO and 20; oil exports 25; presidential sycophancy towards 83֊4; privatising oil companies 54-7; as reliable energy supplier
19-20; resolving economic disputes 128; as revisionist state 17, 21; state-control over oil industry 21; TVEL 87; using energy as political tool 222 Russian-EU energy relations 78 Russian gas: alternative route for 212-13; competiveness of 25-6; Czech Republic and 75; dependence on 52;
238 Index downstream integration 64-6; European demand for 22; Norway’s dependence on 74; Orlengate scandal 126; Polish reliance on 116-17, 122, 131; production by producer 60; rate of dependence on 63-4, 64; Romania and 104, 1 lini9; South Stream gas pipeline 144-7, 170-1, 208, 210-12; Ukraine as transit country for 21; see also Gazprom Russian oil: in Bulgaria 147-9; political economy of 58-9 Russian oil and gas companies: consolidation process 56; emergence of 54; gas production by producer 60; industry reform 59-60; international development of 61-3; investments in CEE countries 63; loans-for-shares scheme 56; by production levels 58; reforming 54-5; state-owned companies in oil production 58-9; vertically integrated 54 Russian-Polish energy relations: breakdown between 123-8; cooperation in 119-23; legacy of 131; long-term contracts with Gazprom 120; overview of 119; rapprochement with 128-31 Russian-Ukrainian gas wars 2, 8-9, 86, 128, 158, 166 RussNeft 58 RWE Gas Storage 75 Safety Stockpiling of Natural Gas Act (Hungary) 166 Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha, Simeon 149 Sechin, Igor 59 Seele, Rainer 106-7 Serbia: domestic politics 213-14, 215-16; electricity generation 203-4; energy dependency 204, 205-6; energy mix in 202, 203^4; energy transport infrastructure 204-5; implementing EU’s Third Party Package 215; inter governmental agreement with Russia 203, 210-13; international isolation for 207; overthrow of Slobodan Milosevic 207; perception of Russian energy threats 26; Russian energy relationship with 206-10, 206; see also Kosovo shale gas 22, 66, 96, 106, 117, 196-7 see also
oil shale Sibneft 61 Sidanko 54 Sikorski, Radosław 128, 132 Slavneft 54, 58 Slesers, Ainārs 185 Śliwa, Z. 197 Slobodian, Natalia 222-3 Slovakia: capture economies of 45; as embedded neo-liberal regime 39; Gazprom’s investments in 65; Russian gas imports 25; Russian oil companies’ investments in 63 Slovenia 36, 48n4, 63, 80 Smith, K. C. 185 SNP Petrom 107 Sobotka, Bohuslav 83 Socor, V. 167 Soskice, D. 36 South Stream gas pipeline 144, 145-7, 170-1, 208, 210-12 SovRoms 97 spontaneous privatisation 43 Srbijagas 205 Stanescu, Sorin Roşea 100-1 Stark, D. 34, 43 state-business relations 44 state capture 45-6 state segment of the economy 38 state socialism 32 Stella Vitae 184 Stem, Jonathan 64 Stonys, Rimandas 184-5 Stropnický, Martin 83, 86-7 Stroytrransgaz 147 Suchocka, Hana 120 Surgutneftegaz 54, 57, 58, 61 Swain, Nigel 43 Szalai, J. 43 Szelényi, Iván 42-3 Tatneft 54, 58 Tehnoeksportstroy 146 Third-Country reciprocity clause 67 Third Energy Package (TEP) see European Union (EU) Tichy, Lukas 62 Timchenko 147 ТМК 105 TNK-BP 58, 61 Topenergy 142, 143 Topolánek, Mirek 85, 87 Transadriatic Pipeline (TAP) 145 Transalpine pipeline (TAL) 76 Transbalkan Pipeline 140 transformation, of post-socialist regimes 33-6 transit conventions 104
Index transit states 24-5 Transneft 182 Transparency International, corruption perceptions index 80 Trubnikov, Ilya 174 Turkey 145 Turkish Stream pipeline 147, 216 Tusk, Donald 131-2 Tyumen Oil Company 54 Vassilev, Tsvetan 143 Ventspils Nafta 182, 185 Visaginas nuclear power plant 188-90 Vojeika, Piotras 184-5 voucher privatisation 40-1 Vyakhirev, Rem 121, 143 Walesa, Lech 120, 121 Westinghouse 86-7 Ukraine 21, 25, 123 Ukrainian-Russian gas wars see Russian-Ukrainian gas wars unbundling 67 Uspaskich, Viktoras 184 Yamal-Europe gas pipeline 122 Yugorosgaz 207, 209-10 Yukos 21 Yukos affair 55-7, 61-2 Vântu, Sorin Ovidiu 103 Zeman, Miloš 83-5 Zlatev, Valentin 147-8 Bayerische Λ Staatsbibliothek v München 239 |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Osteuropa Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV047173587 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:43:50Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:04:40Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781138120341 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 017049658 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032578992 |
| oclc_num | 1012934938 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xvi, 239 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210430 |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publishDateSearch | 2018 |
| publishDateSort | 2018 |
| publisher | Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Routledge contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe series |
| series2 | Routledge contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe series |
| spelling | Understanding energy security in Central and Eastern Europe Russia, transition and national interest edited by Wojciech Ostrowski and Eamonn Butler London ; New York Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2018 xvi, 239 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Routledge contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe series 81 Includes bibliographical references and index Energy security Europe, Eastern Energy security Europe, Central Energy industries Political aspects Europe, Eastern Energy industries Political aspects Europe, Central Energy policy Europe, Eastern Energy policy Europe, Central Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 gnd rswk-swf Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 g Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 s Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 s DE-604 Ostrowski, Wojciech (DE-588)140110607 edt Butler, Eamonn 1953- (DE-588)170307174 edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebk. 978-1-315-65177-4 Routledge contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe series 81 (DE-604)BV019376775 81 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032578992&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032578992&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Understanding energy security in Central and Eastern Europe Russia, transition and national interest Routledge contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe series Energy security Europe, Eastern Energy security Europe, Central Energy industries Political aspects Europe, Eastern Energy industries Political aspects Europe, Central Energy policy Europe, Eastern Energy policy Europe, Central Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 gnd Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4116489-1 (DE-588)4014715-0 (DE-588)4075739-0 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Understanding energy security in Central and Eastern Europe Russia, transition and national interest |
| title_auth | Understanding energy security in Central and Eastern Europe Russia, transition and national interest |
| title_exact_search | Understanding energy security in Central and Eastern Europe Russia, transition and national interest |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Understanding energy security in Central and Eastern Europe Russia, transition and national interest |
| title_full | Understanding energy security in Central and Eastern Europe Russia, transition and national interest edited by Wojciech Ostrowski and Eamonn Butler |
| title_fullStr | Understanding energy security in Central and Eastern Europe Russia, transition and national interest edited by Wojciech Ostrowski and Eamonn Butler |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding energy security in Central and Eastern Europe Russia, transition and national interest edited by Wojciech Ostrowski and Eamonn Butler |
| title_short | Understanding energy security in Central and Eastern Europe |
| title_sort | understanding energy security in central and eastern europe russia transition and national interest |
| title_sub | Russia, transition and national interest |
| topic | Energy security Europe, Eastern Energy security Europe, Central Energy industries Political aspects Europe, Eastern Energy industries Political aspects Europe, Central Energy policy Europe, Eastern Energy policy Europe, Central Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 gnd Energiepolitik (DE-588)4014715-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Energy security Europe, Eastern Energy security Europe, Central Energy industries Political aspects Europe, Eastern Energy industries Political aspects Europe, Central Energy policy Europe, Eastern Energy policy Europe, Central Sicherheitspolitik Energiepolitik Osteuropa Russland Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032578992&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032578992&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV019376775 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ostrowskiwojciech understandingenergysecurityincentralandeasterneuroperussiatransitionandnationalinterest AT butlereamonn understandingenergysecurityincentralandeasterneuroperussiatransitionandnationalinterest |