War on the eve of nations: conflicts and militaries in Eastern Europe, 1450-1500
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London
Lexington Books
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| Schriftenreihe: | Slavic studies : history
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| Beschreibung: | vii, 509 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781793622402 |
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Contents 1 Entering 1500: A Guide to the Book 2 The Reign Expeditio : Four Decades of the Polish Fighting Eminence, c. 1450-1490 17 Lithuania’s Sequel: A Breakdown and Consolidation of the Lithuanian Military, c. 1450-1485 97 A Blind Visionary: Moscow’s Search for Superior Warfare, c. 1450-1480 167 5 A Carousel of Forces: The Interplay of Moscow, Novgorod and Kazan Warfare, c. 1480-1490 249 3 4 6 1 The Operational Theatre: Approaching the Partition of Eastern Europe, c. 1485-1500 289 7 Inside 1500: The Campaign of Eastern Europe’s Partition 337 8 A Pot for Two Heads: Conclusions and Explanations 363 Appendix: The Action Schedule of Eastern Europe, c. 1450-1500 385 Bibliography 429 Index of Persons 471 Index of Notions 487 Geographical Index 497 About the Author 509 vii
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Index of Persons Abdul Latif-khan of Kazan, 313, 356, 380 Abu’l-Khayr-khan of the Uzbek Horde, 183 Agalak-khan of the Siberian Khanate, 356 Ahmed-khan of the Grande Horde, 135-138, 143, 188, 210-212, 215֊ 217, 226-228, 232-233, 235-240, 258, 261, 263, 271, 293, 296-297, 303, 306 Ahmed-prince of the Crimean Khanate, 77-78, 297 Albert II Hapsburg (Albrecht II von Habsburg)-king of Germany, Hungary, Bohemia, 39-40,48-49, 65 Alegam (Ilhan, Ali)-khan of Kazan, 260, 269-270, 272 Alexander-prince of Theodora Principality, 137 Alexander Jagiellon-grand prince of Lithuania, 9, 11, 13-15,17, 137, 143, 146, 153, 154, 157, 289-291, 295, 198, 300-303, 316-318, 332, 337-356, 377, 381 Alexander Nevsky-grand prince of Vladimir, 168 Alexander (Olelko), prince-Lithuanian official, 105, 108, 115, 118, 122, 126-129, 131, 156-157, 183, 340 Alexander I cel Bun (the Good)-prince of Moldavia, 18-20, 23,104, 106, 111 Alexander II֊prince of Moldavia, 20-21, 23 Alexander VI-Roman Pope, 329 Alexander Nos, prince-Lithuanian general, 108-109 Alexandrowicz, Soltan-Lithuanian official, 291 Alexis I-prince of Theodoro-Mangup, 120-121 Algazy-Kazan commander, 269 Ali, Hadum-Turkish general, 30 Alim bek-lord of Kazan, 177 Anastasia-Lithuanian lady, 183 Andrew the Senior-prince of Moscow House, 204, 218, 231, 239, 256, 340 Andrew Kobyla-Moscow courtier, 12 Andrew the Younger-prince of Moscow House, 232, 235, 239, 256 Arbor, Lucas-Moldavian general, 322 Athena-ancient goddess, 228 Ayder-prince of Crimean Khanate, 75, 136,142, 303 Azi-Baba-Crimean diplomat, 138 471
472 Index ofPersons Babich, Yury-Moscow commander, 312 Babur, sultan-ruler of India, 281 Barbash, Ivan, prince-Moscow commander, 356 Baryn-Tatar clan, 139, 263 Basënok, Theodor-Moscow general, 184, 186, 194-195,204 Báthory, Stephen-Hungarian general, 84 Batu-Mongol ruler, 211, 227-228 Bayezid I Yildirim-sultan of Turkey, 26 Bayezid II Sofu-sultan of Turkey, 29-30, 139, 203,282,319,331 Baysen, Hans von (Jan Bazynski)Prussian Union’s and Polish statesman, 37 Baysen, Stibor von (Stibor Bazynski)Prussian Union’s and Polish general, 44 Beatrix-Neapolitan princess, 71 Beklemishev, Nikita-Moscow commander and official, 136,216, 218 Berke-khan of Golden Horde, 227 Besarab III cel Batran (Laiota)-prince of Moldavia, 24 Besarab IV cel Tanar-prince of Moldavia, 24 Bielski, Marcin-Polish writer, 347 Bielsky, Simon-Lithuanian prince Bielski, Theodor-Lithuanian prince, 148, 149, 294, 356 Birute-Lithuanian lady, 108 Bogdan II-prince of Moldavia, 20-23 Boldur, Sima-Moldavian general, 323, 325 Borch, Bernhard von der-lord-govemor of Livonian Order, 229-230, 234— 236,240, 306 Boretsky, Dmitry-Novgorodian general, 206-207, 209-210 Boretsky, Isaac-Novgorodian statesman, 206 Boretsky, Marta-Novgorodian lady, 206 Boris Alexandrowicz-Grand prince of Tver, 180, 186-187 Boris-prince of the Moscow House, 208,217-218, 231,256 Borozdin-Tver family, 219 Brankovich, George-nominal prince of Serbia, 83 Brankovich, Joan-nominal prince of Serbia, 83, 345 Bridget (Birgitta)-Catholic saint, 307 Buczacki: Bartholomew (Bartosz) Jazlowiecki, 123; Jacob-Polish general, 321; Michael I-Polish general, 105,112,124;
Michael IIPolish commander, 22; Michael IllPolish commander, 79-80; Michael aka Muzylo-Polish commander, 105, 124; Theodor Jazlowiecki-Polish general, 21, 105, 108, 110, 124 Bulgak, Ivan, prince-Moscow general, 239 Bulharynowicz, Josef-metropolitan of Western and South-Western Rus’, 339, 343 Buonaccorsi, Philip (Callimachus)Italian writer and Polish courtier, 18, 319,337 Butrym, Yury-Lithuanian commander, 109 Byezzubtsev, Constantine-Moscow general Byezzubtsev, Michael-Moscow general Campensis, Albertus-Italian writer, 277 Casimir-Polish prince, 48—49, 66 Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz III Wielki)-king of Poland, 18, 21, 32-35, 100, 220, 274, 370, 376, Casimir IV Jagiellon (Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk)-king of Poland and Grand prince of Lithuania, 9, 13, 15, 17, 19-20, 23-24, 28-29, 31-32, 36-37, 39-47, 49, 52-60, 62-63, 65-75, 78, 81-83, 87, 112, 114-115,
Index ofPersons 117-120, 122-123, 125-128, 130, 134-138, 141-150, 152-157, 197, 204, 206-208, 215, 218, 223, 226-236, 238-239, 256, 263, 289, 291-294, 297, 299-302, 307, 316, 319, 322, 370, 373,377 Casimir, Vasily-Novgorodian general, 194-195, 210, 240 Cervonka, Oldrich-Teutonic then Polish commander, 54-55 Cezarini, Julian-Catholic cardinal, 40 Cirnin (Czymin), Jan BogumilLithuanian general, 346-347 Chalecki, Michael-Lithuanian diplomat, 303 Charles IV of Luxembourg-Emperor of Holy Roman Empire Charles VII-king of France, 182-183, 307 Charles VII Knutsson Bonde-king of Sweden, 304 Charles VIII-king of France, 307 Charles Robert-king of Hungary, 25 Chelyadnin, Andrew-Moscow general, 311,377 Chelyadnin, Peter-Moscow general, 217 Chelyadnins-Moscow family, 221 Chelyadnya, Theodor-Moscow general Chinggisids-Mongolian imperial House Chodkiewicz, Ivan (Jan)-Lithuanian statesmen and general, 14, 62, 147, 150, 152, 158, 207 Chodieckis-Polish family, 124 Chodiecki, Jan-Polish official and commander, 324 Chodeckí, Michael-Polish official and general Chodeckí, Nicholas-Polish general, 78, 79 Chodeckí, Stanislav-Polish general, 124, 320, 321, 323, 325-327, 330 Chodeckí, Stanislav the Elder-Polish official, 124 473 Chreptowicz, Jan Litawor-Lithuanian official, 290-291, 347-348, 359 Christian I-king of Denmark, 304 Ciołek, Erazm-Lithuanian official, 343 Clemens VH-Poman Pope, 277 Cordoba, Gonzalo de-Spanish general, 281 Czarnkowski, Jan-Polish commander, 44 Czartoryski, Alexander, princeLithuanian magnate, Novgorodian and Pskovian general, 113, 149, 191, 194-195, 230 Czartoryski, Ivan,
prince-Lithuanian magnate, 113 Czartoryski, Michael, prince-Lithuanian magnate and general, 113,118,130, 142 Czartoryskis, princes-Lithuanian family, 75, 114, 118, 122, 125, 126, 170 Czetwertynskis-Lithuanian princely family, 125 Cyprian-metropolitan of Kiev, 100, 228 Dąbrowski, Jan Mezyk-Polish general, 107 Daniel-Grand prince of GaliciaVolhynia, 168 Dante (Dante Alighieri)-Italian poet, 56 Daniyar-ruler of Kasimov Khanate, 136, 209, 217, 268, 457 Davydov, Theodor Kromoy-Moscow commander, 208, 224 Devlesh-Crimean prince, 296 Długosz, Jan-Polish writer, 144 Dmitry of the Don-Grand prince of Moscow and Vladimir, 100, 169 Dmitry the Grandson-Moscow co-ruler, 340-341, 381 Dmitry Krasny-prince of the Moscow House, 173-174 Dmitry Shemyaka-Grand prince of Moscow and Vladimir, 157-158,
474 Index ofPersons 173-174, 177, 180, 185-188, 194, 222 Dmitry of Uglich-prince of the Moscow House, 381 Dorogobuzhsky, Josef, prince-Moscow general, 219, 271 Dowgird, Jan-Lithuanian statesman, 113-114 Dowojno, Olechno-Lithuanian official, 119 Dragfi, Bartholomew-Hungarian general, 322 Drutsky (Druccy), Ivan Putiata, princeLithuanian official, 297 Drutsky (Druccy), Yury, princeLithuanian commander, 297, 349 Dunin, Jan-Polish commander, 73 Dunin, Peter-Polish general, 59-62, 65-66, 73, 75, 148, 207 Edigu, emir-Tatar warlord, 102, 110, 214, 233,260, 265,299 Elizabeth-queen of Hungary, 40, 42-43 Elizabeth-Moscow princess, 314 Eminek-Crimean magnate, 27-29, 136-138 Eugene (Eugenius) IV-Roman Pope, 36, 43 Eric (Bogusław) of Pomerania-king of Denmark, Sweden and Norway, 101, 304 Erlichshausen, Ludwig von-High Master of Teutonic Order, 37, 43—44, 54,61 Faber (Fabri), Johann-Austrian writer, 278 Fatima-consort of Kazan khan, 260 Ferdinand I-king of Naples, 71 Ferdinand II-king of Aragon, 252, 307 Filimonov, Simon-Moscow commander, 201 Fioravanti, Aristotele-Italian and Moscow architect, 226-227, 256 Firlej, Nicholas-Polish general, 319, 325, 347, 380 Fletcher, Giles-English diplomat, 274 Frederick I (Friedrich I) Barbarossa Holy Roman emperor, 188 Frederick II Eisenzahn (the Iron Tooth)margrave of Brandenburg, 44 Frederick III (Friedrich III)-Holy Roman emperor, 28, 37 Frederick of Saxony (von Sachsen / von Wettin), duke-the High Master of the Teutonic Order Frederick (Fryderyk) Jagiellon-Primate of Poland, 17, 316, 338-340, 345 Galitsky, Theodor, prince-Moscow administrator, 186
Camilla, Gentile-Genoese council of Kaffa, 136 Gasztold, Jan-Lithuanian statesman, 104-106, 113-115, 118-119, 122, 150 Gasztold, Marcin-Lithuanian statesman, 13, 75, 136-137, 142-143, 147 Gedik Ahmed Pasha-Turkish general, 136-137 Gedimin-Grand prince of Lithuania, 97-99, 130-133, Gediminids-Lithuanian princely dynasty, 133, 149, 154, 156, 171, 292, 340, 343 Genghis Khan-ruler of Mongolia, 135, 183, 195,211,228, 261,358 George of Poděbrady (Jiri z Podebrad)king of Bohemia, 28, 65, 72, 207 Gerasim-metropolitan of Kiev, 109, 111 Giedroyc, prince-Lithuanian commander, 359 Giovio (Jovius), Paolo-Italian writer, 205, 278 Glinsky, Bogdan-Lithuanian official and commander, 297-298, 302, 377 Glinsky, Ivan, prince-Lithuanian diplomat, 138
Index ofPersons 475 Glinsky, Michael-Lithuanian and Moscow official and general, 146147, 281,290, 345,347, 380 Glinsky, Vasily-Lithuanian official, 345 Goltyaev, Andrew-Moscow general, 175 Gorka, Lucas-Polish statesman, 46, 52, 56, 67 Goslawski, Vincent-bishop of Culm, 72-73 Gregory of Sanok-archbishop of Lvov, 40, 63, 75 Gruszczyński, Jan-Polish official and prelate, 56-57, 62 Gustav Vasa-king of Sweden, 308, 315 Gyyaseddin-Tatar noble, 120 Hoenberg, G.-Livonian commander, 229 Holszanski, Alexander, princeLithuanian statesman, 290 Holszanski,Yury, prince-Lithuanian statesman, 115, 113, 118, Holszanski, Ivan, prince-Lithuanian prince, 149, 153, 206 Holszanski, Simon, prince-Lithuanian general, 14, 105, 153, 155, 158, 290, 303 Holszanski, Tatiana, princessLithuanian lady, 14 Hunyadi, John (Janos)-Hungarian warlord and regent, 19-20, 23-24, 38-44, 46, 56 Hussein-Crimean commander, 318 Haci Geray-khan of Crimea, 120-123, 126, 130, 134-136, 172, 183, 268 Hadim Suleiman Pasha-Turkish general, 27 Hag, Franz-Hungarian general, 72 Hapsburgs-Austrian princely dynasty, 186,213,250-251 Haugwitz, Jan-Hungarian general, 84 Helen-Moldavian princess, consort of Ivan the Younger, 144, 340-341 Helen-Moscow princess, consort of Grand Prince Alexander, 153, 229, 301, 337, 340 Henri III Walezy-king of Poland, of France, 11 Herberstein, Sigismund (Siegmund) von-German diplomat, 8, 225, Hermann-Lithuanian clerk, 352 Hlebowicz, Yury-Lithuanian official and general, 295, 300, 317, 339, 349 Hlebowicz, Nicholas-Lithuanian official and commander, 347, 349, 353 Hlebowicz, Stanislav-Lithuanian
official, 290, 317, 339 Hluczski, Jan-Czech and Polish commander, 43 Ibaq-khan of Siberia, 239 Ibrahim-khan of Kazan, 199, 201-202, 204, 260, 262-263 Ilkhanid-Mongolian ruling House, 170 Ilia I-prince of Moldavia, 20 Innocent (Innocentius) VIII-Roman Pope, 306 Isabella I-queen of Castile, 252, 306 Isenhofen, Ulrich von-Teutonic commander, 62 Ivan Ill-Grand prince of Moscow, 11, 12, 15, 136, 138, 141, 143, 188, 193, 196-199, 201, 202, 204, 205-206, 208-212, 217-229, 231233, 235-240, 252-258, 260-263, 267-268, 270-277, 281-282, 292-294, 297-303, 305-307, 311, 313-318, 337, 339-344, 355-359, 366, 370, 373, 375-377, 380-382 Ivan IV Grozny-tsar of Russia, 345 Ivan the Younger-Moscow princeheir, 144, 229, 232, 235, 256, 274, 340-341 Izmailov, Ivan Inka-Moscow general, 295
476 Index ofPersons Jadwiga-queen of Poland, 100 Jadwiga-Lithuanian lady, 145 Jagiellons (Jagiellonowie)-Polish royal and Lithuanian princely dynasty, 17, 57, 68, 86, 229, 301, 316-318, 338-339, 345, 348 Jaksie, Anna-Lithuanian and Moscow lady, 345 Jan-Hungarian prince, 81 Jan Capek of Sany-Czech and Hungarian commander, 36, 39, 43 Jan Hincza of Rogow-Polish statesman, 36, Jan of Czyzow-Polish commander, 63, 118 Jan of Sienno-Polish statesman, 40 Jan of Teczyn-Polish statesman, 42, 46, 48, 63, 118 Jan von der Jane (Jan z Jani)-Teutonic then Polish official and commander, 47, 52 Janusz II-Mazovian prince of Plock, 316 Janibek-prince of the Grande Horde, 137 Jarosławski, Rafal Jacob-Polish general, 75-76, 78-79, 143, 316, Jaroslawski-Tarnowski, Spytek IllPolish general, 141, 321, 341 Jasieński, Paul-Polish and Bohemian general, 29, 65-66, 69, 75, 143, 148, 207 Jazlowiecki. See Buczacki Jiskra, Jan of Brandys (John Giskra)Czech warlord, Hungarian general, 40, 43 Jochi, khan-Mongolian ruler, 170 Jogaila-grand prince of Lithuania, 99-100; see also Wladislaw II Jagiełło John (Hans)-king of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 313-314 John Albert (Jan I 01bracht)-king of Poland, 17-18, 76-88, 143, 289, 295, 300-301, 316-320, 324-327, 329-331,338-339, 341,345 Jonah-Novgorodian archbishop, 208 Jungingen, Ulrich von-High Master of Teutonic Order, 107 Kach-Perm general, 262 Kalenikowiczs-Volhynian family, 125 Kamieniecki, Henry the Younger-Polish commander, 302 Kamieniecki, Nicholas-Polish general, 58-59, 70, 271 Karabay-Tatar commander, 298 Kamkowski, Jan Polak-Polish and Lithuanian general,
31, 76, 144, 319, 321, 323, 327-328, 346 Karpovs-Tver family, 219 Kasim-prince of the Golden Horde, 179, 183-188, 195, 199, 209 Kejstut-Lithuanian prince, 97, 99-100 Kersdorf (Kerskorf), Franko von-lordgovemor of Livonian Order, 50 Khalil-khan of Kazan, 199,260 Kholmsky, Daniel, prince-Moscow general, 202, 204, 208-209, 219, 224, 227, 268-269, 289 Kici Muhammad-khan of Grande Horde, 102, 110, 134, 172, 177, 183, 188 Kierdejewiczs-Volhynian family, 117, 125 Kierdejewicz, Hrycko (Hrycko)-Polish official and general, 43, 108 Kiezgailo, Jan-Lithuanian official, 116-117, 118-119 Kiezgailo, Michael the YoungerLithuanian statesman, 116, 118-119, 145 Kiezgailo, Stanislav-Lithuanian official, 117, 290 Kiszka, Jan-Lithuanian commander, 259 Kiszka, Stanislav-Lithuanian general, 146, 290, 318, 325, 352, 354, 358֊ 360 Kłoczko, Woicech-Lithuanian commander, 290
Index ofPersons Kmita, Peter-Polish official, 321 Kobyla, Andrew-Moscow courtier, 12 Kobylański, Jacob-Polish general, 49-51, 74 Kolda, Jan-Czech mercenary, 53, 58 Koltovsky, Theodor-Moscow commander, 297 Komnenos-Byzantine princely dynasty, 273 Koniecpolski, Jan Taszka-Polish statesman, 36, 39-41, 45, 55, 57 Koniecpolski, Predzdbor-Polish general, , 21 Koriat-Lithuanian prince, 130 Koriatovichi-Lithuanian princes, 130 Korsaks-Lithuanian family, 117 Koshka, Theodor-Moscow diplomat, 12 Koshkins-Moscow family, 12,175, 187, 221 Koshkin, Yuri Zakhar’ich-Moscow general and administrator, 9, 14, 187, 254, 271, 342, 350-352, 355-358, 382 Koshkin, Jacob Zakhar’ich-Moscow genera!, 254, 271, 300, 309, 313, 343, 350, 355-357, 377, 378, 380 Kostka, Wojcech of Postupice-Polish general, 47 Koscielecki, Jan-Polish official, 73 Krechetnikov, Nicholas-Tver artillery commander, 186 Kuydodat-khan of Golden Horde, 293 Kurbsky, Michael, prince-Moscow general, 356 Kurbsky, Theodor, prince-Moscow general, 262, 270, 271, 356 Kuritsin, Ivan Volk-Moscow official, 274 Kuritsyn, Theodor-Moscow diplomat and writer, 256, 274, 282 Kypchaq-Tatar clan, 139, 263 Laski, Jan-Polish official, 146 Lasocki, Nicholas-Polish scholar, 40 477 Łaszcz, Jan-Polish commander, 13, 123 Legendorf, Paul von-prince-bishop of Ermland, 72 Lelusz, Peter-Lithuanian statesman, 113-114 Leszczyński, Rafal-Polish commander, 320-321 Leo VIII-emperor of Byzantine empire, 183, 374 Logothetes, Pachomius-Serbian and Moscow monk, 228 Lomellini, Carlo-Genoese general, 120-121 Louis (Ludwik) I Węgierski (of Hungary)֊king of Hungary and of
Poland, 34-35, 56-57, 100 Lubranski, Gregory-Polish official, 321 Lutfi Pasha-Turkish statesman and general, 249-250 Macarius-Pskov commander, 230 Macarius-Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia, 303 Macedonian dynasty-of Byzantine emperors, 273 Machiavelli, Niccolo-Italian writer, 198, 273 Magyar, Blaise-Hungarian official and general, 82 Mahmud (Mamutyak)-khan of Kazan, 175, 177, 179, 183, 185, 194, 199, 264,267 Mahmud Astrakhani-khan of the Crand Horde, then of Astrakhan, 135 Mahmud Pasha Angelovic-Turkish statesman and general, 26 Malkocoglu, Bali bey-Turkish general, 31,326 Malym Berdi-Grand Horde commander, 187 Mamak-Crimean magnate, 27, 135-136 Mamay-Golden Horde statesman, 169, 214 Mamutyak-Moscow commander, 194
478 Index ofPersons Mamuq-khan of the Siberian Khanate, 313 Mamyshek, prince-Crimean commander, 302 Mangyt-Tatar clan, 139, 239, 260, 264, 296 Manuil-Moldavian commander, 21 Marczaly, John-Hungarian commander, 19 Margaret I-queen of Denmark, Sweden and Northway, 304 Maria-Moscow princess, consort of Ivan III, 188 Maria Palaeologina-Byzantine princess, consort of Khan Tohta, 340 Marie (Manka) Holszanska-princess of Moldavia, 20 Marsilius of Padua (Marsilio da Padova)֊Italian scholar, 56 Matthew (Matthias) Corvinus (Hunyadi Mátyás)-king of Hungary, 12, 24, 26, 28, 63, 65,73,75,81,87, 148, 207, 228, 256, 274, 349 Maximilian І-Holy Roman emperor, 12, 81,84,185,252, 301,329,346 Mazovsha-prince of Grand Horde, 187, 214, 233 Mehmed II Fatih-sultan of Turkey, 24, 26, 28-30, 137, 139 Mehmed Geray-Crimean prince then khan, 77-78, 296-302, 318 Mengli Geray-khan of Crimea, 15, 34, 77-79, 130, 135-140, 149, 184, 235-236, 240, 260-261, 263, 268, 282, 296-298, 302-303, 316-318, 338, 342, 365, 377, 379 Michael-grand prince of Tver, 256 Michael-prince of Perm, 262 Michael I-prince of Walachia, 19 Michael VIII Palaeologus-emperor of Byzantine empire, 214 Michael Zygmuntowicz-Lithuanian prince, 50, 113, 118, 120, 122 Mihaloglu, Ali bey-Turkish marcher lord, 19 Mihaloglu, Bali bey-Turkish commander, 31 Mihaloglu, İskender bey-Turkish general, 31 Mikulinsky, Vladimir-Moscow commander, 219, 271, 358 Mindovg-prince of Lithuania, 97 Mircea I cel Batran (the 01d)-prince of Walachia, 19, 26 Moniwid, Jan-Lithuanian official, 113, 119, 145-146, 290 Monoslo, Nicholas Cupor de (Ciubăr Voda)-Hungarian
(Croatian) general, 20, 67 Montluc, Blaise, seigneur de-French general and writer, 57 Montowt, Michael-Lithuanian statesman, 152, 158, 291 Montygerd, Peter-Lithuanian statesman, 153 Montygerd, Jan-Lithuanian noble, 153 Montygerd, Peter Janowicz-Lithuanian general, 13-14, 153, 158 Montygerd, Jan-Lithuanian commander, 290, 347-348, 359 Morozov, George-Moscow general, 271 Morozov, Ivan Glukhoy-Moscow commander, 201 Morozov, Vasily Tuchko-Moscow official, 238, 258 Mosalsky (Massalski)-West-Russian princely family, 295 Mosalsky, Theodor, prince-Lithuanian commander, 349 Mozhaysky, Ivan-Moscow and Lithuanian prince, 157-158, 188, Mozhaysky, Simon-Lithuanian prince, 157-158, 293, 295, 342-343, 355 Mszcsuj of Skrzynno-Polish general, 107 Muhammad Shayboniy-khan of the Uzbek Horde, 217, 382 Muhammad Emin-khan of Kazan, 260, 267-268, 270, 272, 313, 356-358, 380-382
Index of Persons Murad Il-sultan of Turkey, 19, 39-40, 43 Murtoza-Tatar lord and Moscow commander, 136, 218 Murtoza-prince of the Grand Horde, 296 Musa-ruler of the Nogay Horde, 239, 296 Mustafa-prince of the Golden Horde, 175-176 Mustafa bey-Turkish commander, 326 Myszkowski, Peter-Polish general, 330-331 Namagan-branch of the Chinggisid dynasty, 135,261 Narymunt-Lithuanian prince, 340 Naurus-lord of the Nogay Horde, 110 Niemira, Nicholas-Lithuanian statesman, 113,116 Niemira, Jacob-Lithuanian official, 157 Niemira, Jan-Lithuanian general, 156 Nelidov, Gabriel-Moscow general, 261 Nesserode, Werner von-Livonian marshal, 50-51 Nestor-Iskander-Russian memoirist, 218 Nieswiski, Theodor Korybut, princeLithuanian general, 47, 106-109, 110, 126 Nicephorus II Phocas-emperor of the Byzantine empire, 183 Nicolaus V-Roman Pope, 37 Nos, Alexander, prince-Lithuanian general, 108-109 Nostwic (Nostitz), Caspar von-Teutonic general, 60 Novosilsky-West-Russian princely House, 292 Nur Devlet-khan of the Crimean Khanate, 135-136, 138, 236, 268, 296 Nur Sultan-consort of the Kazan then Crimean khans 479 Nyetshin, Grigory Mamon-Moscow official, 238 Obolenskys-Moscow princely family, 224 Obolensky, Alexander, prince-Moscow general, 268 Obolensky, Andrew Nogot, princeMoscow general, 231, Obolensky, Vasily, prince-Moscow general, 175, 187 Obolensky, Ivan Smola, prince-Moscow general, 296 Obolensky, Ivan Striga, prince-Moscow general, 184, 186-187, 194-195, 199, 202, 204, 208, 218, 224, 226 Obolensky, Peter, prince-Moscow general, 296 Obolensky, Theodor Telepen, princeMoscow general, 295
Obolensky, Yaroslav, prince-Moscow commander, 240 Odoyevsky, Simon-West-Russian prince, 293 Odoyevsky, Yury-West-Russian prince, 293 Odrowazs-Polish family, 63, 124 Odrowaz, Andrew-Polish general, 123-124 Odrowaz, Jan-Polish general, 141 Odrowaz, Peter-Polish official and general, 21, 22, 42, 124 Olelko, prince. See Alexander (Olelko) Olelkowicze-Lithuanian princely House Oleski, Peter-Polish commander, 330 Oleśnicki, Zbigniew-primate of Poland, 13,20, 42, 46-47, 49,316 Oleśnicki, Zbigniew the Youngerprimate of Poland, 316 Olgierd-Grand prince of Lithuania, 97, 100, 105, 117, 134, 156, 159, 279, 292, 354 Olieski, Jan of Sienno (Jan z Sienna і 01eska)֊Polish general, 20 Oporowski, Andrew-Polish courtier, 73 Oporowski, Peter-Polish general, 46
480 Index ofPersons Ország, John-Hungarian commander, 19 Őseik, Radziwill-Lithuanian statesman, 113, 116, 120, 122, 145, 156 Oseik, Gregory-Lithuanian commander, 291, 347-348 Oseik, Jan-Lithuanian commander, 290 Ostrogski, Constantine, princeLithuanian general, 8-9, 12-15, 74, 153, 155, 187, 196, 254, 290, 303, 318,330, 347-360,377-380 Ostrogski, Daniel, prince-Lithuanian general, 13 Ostrogski, Freidrich (Fedko)-Czech and Polish Hussite commander, 13 Ostrogski, Ivan, prince-Lithuanian commander, 123 Ostrogski, Theodor, prince-Lithuanian general, 13 Ostrogski, Vasily, prince-Lithuanian statesman, 13 Ottomans-Turkish ruling dynasty, 19-20, 23, 25-26, 31, 35, 38-39, 42-43,46,57,81, 101, 137, 139, 150, 213, 218, 229, 267, 316-318, 331,339 Ozdemiroglu, Osman Pasha-Turkish statesman and general, 138-139 Рас (Pats, Pacewicz), Yury (George)Lithuanian statesman, 150, 151-158, 317 Palaeologus-Byzantine princely dynasty, 273 Paletsky, Theodor Pëstryy, princeMoscow general, 261-262 Patrikas-Lithuanian prince, 340 Patrikeyev-Moscow princely family, 340 Patrikeyev, Daniel Shchenya-Moscow general, 9, 271, 300-301, 309-310, 313,355-358,377-378,380 Patrikeyev, Ivan, prince-Moscow statemen and general, 188, 195, 204, 221, 256, 271, 274, 276, 295, 340-341 Patrikeyev, Michael Kolyshka-Moscow general, 295 Patrikeyev, Vasily Kosoy, princeMoscow statesman and general, 295, 300,311,340-341 Patrikeyev, Yury, prince-Moscow general, 174, 340 Paul II (Paulus II)~Roman Pope, 28, 72 Paul of Grabow-bishop of Culm, 40 Paul von Legendorf-Prince-bishop of Ermland, 72 Penko, Daniel, prince-Moscow general,
277 Pescara, Fernando d’Avalos di-Spanish general, 281 Peter II-prince of Moldavia, 19 Peter III Aaron (Aron)-prince of Moldavia, 23 Peter Musat-prince of Moldavia, 18 Peter IV Rares-prince of Moldavia, 223 Peter Woda of Szczekociny-Polish commander and statesman, 40, 41, 52, 53,56, 118 Philip-metropolitan of Moscow and All Rus’, 208 Piasts-Polish royal dynasty, 316 Pitirim-bishop of Perm, 262 Plauen, Heinrich Reuss von the ElderTeutonic general, 43—44, 54 Plauen, Heinrich Reuss von the Younger-Teutonic general, 45-46, 52, 55, 62 Pleshcheyev, Ivan Subbota-Moscow commander, 298, 310 Pleshcheyev, Michael-Moscow commander, 186 Plettenberg, Wolter von-lord-governor of the Livonian Order, 348, 378 Pluskov, Ivan-Lithuanian commander, 295 Polozovich, Simon (Senka)-Lithuanian commander, 297 Porycki-Lithuanian princes, 126
Index ofPersons Posse, Knut-Swedish statesman and general, 305, 308, 310-312, 315 Poluektov, Aleksis-Moscow official, 218 Prokop Holy-leader of the Czech Taborite faction, 38, 47 Pronsky-princes of the Ryazan House, 219 Protas’ev, Gregory-Lithuanian and Moscow commander, 111, 293 Putyatich, Dmitry, prince-Lithuanian official, 297 Radu III cel Frumos-prince of Walachia, 24 Radziwiłł, Jan-Lithuanian official, 290 Radziwiłł, Nicholas-Lithuanian statesman, 145-147, 290, 301, 347-348, 352, 360 Radziwiłł, Nicholas Amor PoloniaeLithuanian commander, 348 Rangoni, Gabriel-Roman official, 73 Raweneck, Fritz von-Teutonic general, 53, 60-61 Riazanowiczs-Volhynian family, 125 Ringailo (Alexandra)-princess of Mazovia, 106 Romanov-Russian imperial House, 382 Romodanovsky, Ivan Likhach, princeMoscow general, 269, 296 Romodanovsky, Theodor, princeMoscow diplomat, 298 Rosenberg, Nicholas-Polish diplomate, 346 Rostovsky, Aleksander, prince-Moscow general, 350, 377-378, 381 Rurikids-Russian princely dynasty, 154, 292, 297, 340 Runo, Ivan-Moscow general, 201-204, 238 Russdorf, Paul von-high master of the Teutonic Order, 50 Ryapolovsky, Dmitry, prince-Moscow general, 180, 184, 187, 195 Ryapolovsky, Ivan, prince-Moscow general, 180, 184 481 Ryapolovsky, Peter Loban, princeMoscow general, 356 Ryapolovsky, Simon, prince-Moscow general, 180, 184, 203, Ryapolovsky, Simon the Younger, prince-Moscow general, 269, 313, 340-341, Ryapolovsky, Theodor Khripun, princeMoscow general,201, 224, Rymovid-Lithuanian magnate, 146 Rytwianski, Dzierslaw-Polish general, 43, 48, 66 Rytwianski, Jan-Polish general, 68,
69, 71 Rzeszowski, Jan-bishop of Krakow, 40 Rzeszowski, Jan Bialy-Polish commander, 66, 144 Saburov, Andrew-Moscow general, 356 Saburov, Simon Peshek-Moscow general, 203 Sak, Stanislav-Lithuanian statesman, 150 Sak, Andrew-Lithuanian statesman, 119, 156, Sak, Bogdan-Lithuanian statesman, 116, 150, 158 Sanguszko-Lithuanian princely family, 125 Sapieha, Ivan-Lithuanian official, 290, 317, 339, 343, 353 Satylgan (Soltagan)-ruler of Kasimov, 296 Sayid Ahmed-khan of the Grand Horde, 106, 110, 111-112, 119-124, 126, 129-130, 134, 172, 177, 212, 233 Sayid Ahmed II-prince of the Grand Horde, 296 Sędziwój of Ostrorog-Polish magnate, 38, 46, 48 Seytak-Crimean magnate, 136 Selim I Yavuz-sultan of Turkey, 130131, 184, 281,307 Serge-archbishop of Novgorod, 253 Sforza, Francesco-Italian warlord, 38
482 Index ofPersons Shchoka, Ivan-Novgorodian commander, 194 Shein, Dmitry-Moscow official and general, 270, 356 Shemyakin (Shemyachich), IvanLithuanian prince, 157-158 Shemyakin (Shemyachich), VasilyLithuanian prince, 293, 295, 342343, 355 Sheremets-Moscow family, 276 Sheykh Ahmed-khan of the Grand Horde, 296, 302-303, 342, 348, 379 Sheykh Haidar-khan of the Uzbek Horde, 236 Shiban-Mongolian khan, 135 Shibanids-branch of the Chinggisid dynasty, 135, 261 Shiryn-Tatar clan, 27, 29, 110, 135, 137, 139, 263, 296 Shuysky-princely dynasty in NorthEastern Rus’ Shuysky, Vasily Biedny, prince-Pskov and Moscow general, 230 Shuysky, Vasily Nemoy, princeMoscow general, 239-240, 269, 277 Shuysky, Vasily Grebönka, princeNovgorodian general, 191, 194, 207, 210, 225-226 Shuysky, Vasily Yurevich, princeNovgorodian general, 190 Sidonie (Zdenka)-Silesian duchessconsort, 72 Sigismund I the Old (Zygmunt I Stary)king of Poland and grand prince of Lithuania, 13, 17, 316, 321, 380-382 Sigismund of Luxembourg (von Luxemburg)-Holy Roman emperor, king of Bohemia, king of Hungary, 19, 25, 36,38, 47, 56, 101 Sigismund (Zygmunt I Kiejstutowicz)Grand prince of Lithuania, 41, 49-50, 105-109, 111-115, 119-120, 122, 127, 130, 145, 153, 156, 170, 191 Sigismund Korybut-Lithuanian prince, Czech and Lithuanian general, 47, 50-51 Simon-metropolitan of Moscow, 254 Simon Olelkowicz, prince-Lithuanian official, 116, 118, 122-123, 126֊ 127, 128-131, 142, 148, 157 Simsky, Ivan Khabar-Moscow official, 381 Simsky, Vasily Obrazets-Moscow general, 210 Skalsky, Jan-Czech mercenary, 53, 58 Slucki, Michael Olelkowicz-
Lithuanian prince, 142, 144, 148-149, 157, 206-207, 235 Soltan-prince of the Grand Horde, 188, 233 Sophia-Lithuanian lady, 145 Sophia (Sonka) Holszanska-queen of Poland, 17, 20, 36, 39, 42-43, 49, 105, 118 Sofia-Moscow princess, consort of Vasily I, 173 Sofia (Zoe) Palaeologina-Grand princess of Moscow, 228, 232, 275, 341 Sorokoumov, Ivan Oshchera-Moscow official, 238 Spytko III of Melsztyn-Polish magnate, 49 Spytko IV of Melsztyn-Polish magnate, 66 Stanislav of Ostrorog-Polish general, 46, 67 Stephen Dušan Silni (Stefan Uroš IV Dušan Silni)-prince of Serbia, 35 Stephen III the Great (cel Mare)-prince of Moldavia, 17-18, 21-24, 26-29, 31-32, 35, 68, 76, 79-80, 123, 137, 144, 229, 256, 302, 318-319, 322, 324-326, 329, 340, 351, 372 Stephen Bathory-king of Poland, 59, 84,211,233 Stodewescher, Silvester-archbishop of Riga, 229
Index ofPersons Strasz, Jan-Polish warder, 39 Stret-Lithuanian diplomat, 228 Strus, Jan-Polish commander, 330 Stryjkowski, Matthew-Polish and Lithuanian writer Strzelecki, Jan Watrobka-Polish statesman, 40, 66 Sture, Nils-Swedish commander, 305 Sture, Sten den Aldre-Swedish regent, 304-309,311-315,338 Sudiwoj, Stanko-Lithuanian official, 116 Sudymunt-Lithuanian magnate, 145 Sudymunt, Olechno-Lithuanian official, 144-147, 207 Suleiman I Kanuni (the Lawgiver, the Magnificent)-sultan of Turkey, 249-251 Svidrigailo (Swidrygiello)-Grand prince of Lithuania, 37, 49-51, 58, 100, 103-113, 115, 117-119, 124-130, 152-153, 156, 290-291, 297, 354 Schwendi, Lazarus von-Holy Roman Imperial general, 250 Swierczowski, Jan-Polish commander, 317 Świnka, Jan-Polish commander, 75 Szamotulski, Peter-Polish official and general, 46, 55-56, 62 Szafraniec, Peter-Polish commander, 49 Szarlejski, Nicholas-Polish official and general, 36, 45-26, 49, 52 Szumborski (von Zinnenberg), BemardTeutonic general, 45, 47, 52, 55, 62 Szydlowiecki, Nicholas-Polish commander Szydlowiecki, Peter-Polish commander, 321 Szydlowiecki, Stanislav-Polish official, 66 Szylowicz, Olizar-Lithuanian official, 126, 152-153 Taborowicz, Bartosz-Lithuanian official, 290 483 Tahir-Grand Horde’s diplomat, 228 Tahmasp-shah of Iran, 250, 281 Tamerlane (Timur), emir-Middle Asian conqueror, 2, 178, 214, 264-265 Tarczy, Tomasz-Hungarian general, 67 Tarkhanov, Tulazy-Kazan commander, 201 Tarnowski, Jan Amor-Polish general, 66,70, 223,281 Tarnowski, Jan Amor Junior-Polish official, 66 Tamowskis-Polish magnate family, 75 Teczynski,
Andrew-Polish general, 55-56, 62 Teczynski, Gabriel-Polish commander, 324 Teczynski, Jan-Polish general, 324 Teczynski, Nicholas-Polish general, 321, 323 Temir-Grand Horde’s official, 239, 260, 302 Temur Qutlugh (Timur Kutluk)-khan of the Golden Horde, 102, 109 Tevkel (Tawakul)-Grand Horde’s official, 260, 302, 379 Thalloci, Franko-Hungarian commander, 19 Theodor-grand prince of Ryazan, 295 Theophil-Novgorodian archbishop, 208, 210, 226-227 Timurids-Turk-Mongolian ruling House, 265 Tokhtamysh-khan of the Golden Horde, 100, 102, 110, 123, 129, 169,214, 233, 265 Trahaniots (Tarchaneiotes)-Moscow family, 275 Travin, Ivan Saltyk-Moscow general, 238, 258, 262, 271 Trnka, Jan of Raciborzany-Polish general, 320-321, 323, 325, 328 Troy den-prince of Lithuania, 97 Truchsess, Marcin von WetzhausenHigh Master of the Teutonic Order, 73, 229, 230
484 Index ofPersons Tucha, Michael-Novgorodian commander, 194 Tuka-Timurids-branch of the Chinggisid dynasty, 135, 261 Tungen, Nicholas von-prince-bishop of Ermland, 72-73, 229 Uguz-Tatar commander, 298 Ulfsson, Charles-Swedish diplomat, 307 Ulugh Muhammad-khan of the Golden Horde, 101-106, 110, 119, 134, 172-179, 183, 185, 195, 199, 214, 233, 263-264, 266-267, 371 Ushaty, Ivan, prince-Moscow general, 312 Ushaty, Peter, prince-Moscow general, 270,312 Uzdemir-Crimean prince, 296 92, 100-106, 110, 113-115, 118, 127, 129, 143, 159-160, 174, 186, 214, 218, 289, 293, 299, 318, 354 Vlad III Dracula-prince of Walachia, 23-24, 26, 274, 282 Vladislaus (Ulaslo) II-king of Hungary and Bohemia, 12, 17-18, 65-66, 68, 72-73, 81-85, 316, 345-346 Vladislav (Dan) II-prince of Walachia, 24 Vorotynsky, Theodor-West-Russian prince, 294 Vorotynsky, Simom-West-Russian prince, 295 Voyshelk-prince of Lithuania, 97 Vyazemsky, Dmitry-Lithuanian prince, 299 Vyazemsky, Michael-Lithuanian prince, 300 Valois-French royal dynasty, 11, 183, 186 Vasily І-Grand prince of Moscow, 190, 299, 340 Vasily II-Grand prince of Moscow, 15, 120, 157, 173-177, 179-187, 191, 194-197, 222, 231, 263, 278, 359, 366, 370 Vasily III - Grand prince of Moscow, 341-342, 375, 381 Vasily Casimir-Novgorodian general, 194-195,206-208,210, 240 Vasily Kosoy-prince of the Moscow House, 174 Vassian Rylo-archbishop of Rostov, 236 Venus-ancient goddess, 228 Vereysky, Vasily, prince-Moscow general, 217, 224, 232, 238 Vereysky, Michael-prince of the Moscow House, 256 Visconti, Filippo Maria-duke of Milan, 38 Vitovt (Witold, Vytautas)-Grand
prince of Lithuania, 6, 8, 17, 47, 50, 79, 88, Walimunt, Kiezgailo (Michael) the Elder-Lithuanuan statesman, 115, 116 Walimunt, Rumbold-Lithuanian official, 104,116, 119 Walimunt, Yawnuta-Lithuanian official, 119 Walimunt, Sudiwoj-Lithuanian official, 116, 156 Wallenstein (Waldstein)-Czech family, 53 Wil-fabulous Lithuanian warrior, 144 Wisniowiecki-Lithuanian princes, 126 Wladislaw (Wladyslaw)-Polish prince; see also Vladislaus (Ulaslo) II, 28, 206-207 Wladislaw (Władysław) I Lokietek-king of Poland, 32 Wladislaw II Jagiello-king of Poland and Supreme prince of Lithuania; see also Jogaila, 17-18, 36, 39, 58, 100-101, 103-106, 108-109, 114-115, 119, 289, 299 Wladislaw III of Varna (Władysław III Wameńczyk)-king of Poland
Index ofPersons and Hungary, 17, 39^13, 46, 48^19, 55-57, 114, 117-118, 124 Wojciech Tabor-bishop of Wilno, 290 Wojciech of Zychlin-Polish statesman, 40, 124 Woroniecki-Lithuanian princes, 126 Yagolday-Tatar lord in Lithuania, 110 Yakub-prince of the Golden Horde, 175, 179, 183-185, 187, 195 Yamgurci-ruler of the Nogay Horde, 239 Yaroslav of Gorodets-prince of the Tver House, 107 Yaroslav the Wise-grand prince of Kiev, 343 Yaroslavsky, Daniel, prince-Moscow general, 203 Yaroslavsky, Simon, prince-Moscow general, 201, 356 Yur’yev, Kostya-Vyatka commander, 210-211,271 Yursha-Lithuanian general, 104, 108, 111, 126 Yury Dmitrievich-Grand prince of Moscow and Vladimir, 173-174, 180, 191 485 Yury-prince of the Moscow House, 204, 208, 217-218 Zabolotsky, Constantine-Moscow diplomat, 298 Zabolotsky, Peter-Moscow diplomat, 317 Zabrzezinski, Jan-Lithuanian statesman, 146-147, 347-348 Żagański, Jan, duke-Hungarian general, 67, 83 Żagański, Rudolf, duke-Teutonic general, 45, 47 Zapolya, Stephen (I stvan)֊֊H ungari an general, 71-72, 83-85 Zaremba, Laurus-Polish statesman and general, 47, 105 Zbaraski-Lithuanian princes, 126 Zbaraski, Ivan, prince-Lithuanian commander, 75 Zielezinski, Jan-Polish commander, 73 Zizka, Jan-Czech Hussite leader, 38, 43 Zvenigorodsky, Ivan Zvenets, princeMoscow general, 193,201 Zvenigorodsky, Vasily, prince-Moscow general, 236
Index of Notions Akinei (akinji, akıncı), 19, 22, 27-29, 31-32, 279, 319, 322, 326-327 Akritai, 215 All Rus’, Russia, Ros’ya, concept, 12, 300-301, 315, 338, 342, 366, 382 Allagia, allagion, 219 Altyn, 136, 298 Amphibious, warfare, operations, 62, 136, 191-194, 200-204, 207, 209-211, 236, 262, 268-271, 282, 304,311,313,316,356,372,381 Antemurale, 339 Archbishop of Novgorod, office, 190, 227, 253 Archbishop’s Regiment, Novgorodian, 190, 207-210 Archer, French horseman, 57 Argyn, 139, 263 Arme blanche, 70, 306 Armour, 33, 50, 52, 58, 85-86, 121, 280, 217, 219, 251, 265, 266, 268, 275, 306, 319, 368-371; füll, 50, 80, 182, 192, 327, 344; light, 80, 175, 177, 327-328; Maximilian, 283; plate, 34, 172, 175, 191, 279-283, 349, 354; semi-, 70, 182 Arquebus, 319 Articuli Henriciani, 11 Artillery, 9, 27, 35, 52, 59, 67-69, 76, 82-85, 102, 104, 137, 186, 188, 193, 225, 230, 234, 240, 250, 256, 306, 309,310,312,314,316, 321, 323, 325, 327, 343, 350, 355, 358, 378-379, 381 Aq soyak, 263 Asker, 258 Athleta Christi, 28 Azab, 28-29, 278, 379 Aul, 139 Aula, 25, 181 Baida, 280 Balkan, 43,322, 331 Baltic, 98-99, 306-307 Banderia, sing, bandérium, 25 Banner of St. Erick, 309 Baron, Hungarian magnate, 25, 66 Baron, legal, 127 Baryn, 139, 263 Basilisk, 364 Basqak, 100, 102, 264 Basma, 228 Bekhter, 280 Bek, 177 Beklerbek, 169, 213, 239, 260, 302, 379 Bereg, 212-213, 215, 232-233, 380 487
488 Index ofNotions Beylerbey, 27, ЗО Beylik, 139,215 Bityug, 187 Biy, ПО, 183, 261 Black Army, Hungarian, 24, 61, 67, 84 Bonapartism, 126 Boyar, historiographical spelling, Boyare pantsymyye, pi., 132 Boyare putnye, pl., 132 Boyarín, pl. boyare, man of the Lithuanian gentry, 6,127-129, 131133, 145-146, 151, 153-156, 158, 290, 343, 346, 349 Boyarín, pl. boyare, Novgorodian magnate, 189-192, 194-195, 205, 210, 221, 224-225, 227, 253, 261, 270, 312 Boyarín, pl. boyare, Walachian and Moldavian court horseman, 21, 22, 25-27, 29, 322 Boyarín, pl. boyare, Moscow top courtier, 9, 12, 168, 180, 193, 219221, 237 Braci, 67 Brigandine, 172 Bund. See Prussian Union Burger, 37 Buss, 312 Caliphate, 135, 367 Campiductor supremum Regni Poloniae, 58 Caracol, 279 Cebelu, 258, 265 Cherkasy, troopers, 298 Chevauchée, 98 Chorągiew, pl. chorągwie (military unit), 34, 57, 345 Chorąży, 57 Chura, 265 Church, 226, 273; Catholic, 109, 150, 158, 342; Orthodox, 97, 99-100, 196, 215, 236, 238, 261, 264, 293, 342-343; possessions of, 253-254 Chorny bor, 222 Chykysh, 75 City-state, 120, 189, 276 Commission (commissioned troops), 25, 56-59, 63-64, 68, 76, 80, 143, 185, 189, 190, 221, 276, 327-329, 370 Compagnies d’ordonnance, 57, 182, 249 Comptur, 62 Condottiere, pl. condottieri, 38, 120-121, 168, 182, 276 Confederation, ПО, 133,152, 229, 269; of Polish szlachta, 49 Conscription (conscripted troops), 21, 26, 28, 85, 151, 169, 198, 219, 237, 251, 276, 308-309, 314, 348, 370, 375-376 Contract (contracted troops), 25, 56-59, 63-64, 66, 68, 74, 81, 132, 167-168, 170, 181, 183, 185, 191, 221, 223, 234, 236,
259, 276, 291, 327, 329, 370-371 Corona Regni Poloniae, concept, 34, 56, 155 Cossack: See Kazaq; Registered, 298; Cossackdom, 365, 370, 377 Crusade, 35, 178, 274, 330, 345-346; Czech (Bohemian), 20 Dan’, 168 Dar al hârb, 261 Damga, 102, 264, 266 Defensio terrae, legal, 31 Dell’arte della Guerra, essay, 198 Deti boyarskiye, 6, 181, 186, 220, 224-225, 253-255, 257-259, 267-268, 270-281, 310, 342, 350, 374-375 Despot, title, 83, 345, Desyatnya, 224 Devlet, concept, 135 D’yak, 218, 274-275, 280, 352-353 Domain, princely, royal, 57, 62-63, 109, 111, 124, 134, 144, 153, 156, 169, 190, 196, 210, 220, 226, 253-254, 256-257, 259, 274, 330
Index ofNotions Druzhina, 168 Ducat, golden, 11 Duma, 236, 271, 274-275, 340, 343, 360 Dvor, 168, 170, 175-176, 180-184, 186 Dvoryane: courtier-administrators, 181; fighting personnel, 151, 291 Dyaklo, 127 Ecloga, book, 273 ЕГ, 264 En haie, 182 En hot, 182 Espirit de corps, 58, 250, 371 Expeditio generalis. See Levy Polish Esquadron, 64 Familiar, 25, 38 Feudal class, service, 32, 168, 272, 276, 371, 376 Feudalism judicial, 32 Fetva, 266, 272 Fidelitas, 181 Fief, legal, 258, 264, 274 Firearms, 4, 59, 62, 67, 69-70, 85, 137, 147, 193, 213, 215, 269, 280-282, 298, 302, 304, 306, 308, 310-311, 346, 354, 358, 367, 370, 378 Folwark, 34 Frances archers, 198 Free companies, Italian, 185 Free servitors, 168, 171, 218, 221, 268, 374-376 Frontier, concept, 147, 152, 178, 197, 213, 215, 263, 298, 328, 338, 370 Furst, 170 Galley, gallea, 120, 201 Galliot, 201 Garip yiğitler, 279 Gaza, concept, 260 Gen d’arme, 57 Gorci, 249 Golden Bull, Hungarian, 56; of Holy Roman Empire, 72 489 Golova, 219 Gorodni, 216 Gospodar (Hospodar), 17 Gospodin, 224, 227, 256 Gosudar, 224, 227, 253, 301 Gosudar vseya Rusi, 300, 341 Gosudarev Dvor, 9,181-183, 185-188, 191, 194-197, 199, 201-205, 207-209, 211-212, 217-219, 222, 225, 232, 236, 249, 259, 262, 267, 278,300, 309,313-314, 348, 350-351, 355-359, 371-372, 376 Grandi, 168 Gulden, 44, 54 Gulyay gorod, 269 Gunpowder, 35, 306, 368 Guns, 30, 31, 35, 53, 71, 83, 104, 120, 187, 192-193, 206-207, 216, 234, 236, 302, 309-310, 312, 321, 327, 367,377, 379,381 Gunpowder Revolution, concept, 5, 80, 364 Gyykab, essay, 382 Hakownice, 69-70, 319 Hansa (Hanseatic
League), 54, 143, 149, 234, 305-306 Harac, 266 Hauptmann, 8, Heavy horse, its tactic, 32-33, 34, 38, 40, 42-43, 50-51, 57, 59, 77-78, 80, 84-86, 120, 171-172, 177, 182-183, 189-191, 195-196, 209-210, 226, 254, 265, 267, 279, 305-309, 324, 328, 354 Helm Book. See Kormchaya Kniga Handgun, 59, 67, 69, 76, 80, 84-85, 193,201,234, 236, 269, 278, 281-282, 310, 312, 319-320, 325, 327, 346, 379, 381 Hetman, 8, 14, 31, 59, 76, 143, 148, 319; Crown, 58-59, 70, 223, 281, 380; Grand, 8, 14, 146, 153, 290,
490 Index ofNotions 318; Field, 58-59, 70, 76, 80, 124, 380 Hochmeister (High Master), 37 Holy Sea. See Roman See Holy war, concept, 29 Horse breeding, 33, 283 Hufce, 70 Hundred Years’ War, 35, 98-99, 183, 185,222, 278 Husaria, 59, 64, 86 Husarze, 64, 85-86, 158, 328 Hussite, 13, 28, 48, 65-66; (Czech national) Revolution, 13; Warfare, 13, 20-22, 36-38, 40, 43, 47, 48, 52, 84, 371; Polish, 13, 42, 49 Ideal type, scholarly, 5-6 Igo. See Yoke Indigenatus, 73 Infantry Revolution, concept, 5 Iqta, 134-135, 139, 184, 264-265, 267-268, 274 Iuniors, 42, 45 lus ducale, 153, 155 lus militare, 34, 155, 168, 274 Izba Poselska, 320 Izgon, 300 Janissary, 20, 27-29, 40, 184, 249-250, 279, 282, 296,319 Jazda kopijnicza, 59 Judaizers, 254 Kabala, 221 Kadi, 266, 275 Kadirge. See Galley Kalantar, 279 Kaiga, 140 Kalita, 201 Kanun, 140, 272 Kapıkulu, 263 Karacibek, 139-140, 263, 266 Kazaq: free servitor, 132; frontier settler, 176; hireling, 133, 213, 298, 317; minor lord, 263,265 Kephal, 219 Khakim, 266 Kholop, 221 Kholopstvo, 221 Khorovod, 279 Khutbah, 380 Kmiecie, 34 Kontsy, 193 Kopa groszy, 344 Kopek savasi, 250 Kopie, cavalry unit, 34; see also Lance and Spear Kopijnik, 34 Kormchaya Kniga, book, 273-274 Kormlenie, 184, 264, 268 Kosh, 123 Koumiss, 228 Kriegsdiskurs, book, 250 Kriegskommisar, 250 KurfUrst, 44 Kurultai, 140 Kuyak, 172 Kypchaq, 139, 263 Lance (cavalry unit), 34, 50, 57, Landesritter. See Levy Teutonic Landmeister, 50-51, 229-232, 234-236, 240, 306, 378 Landsknecht, 70, 184-185, 221, 249, 320, 346, 378 Ledung, 308, 314 Levy, 251, 276, 371; Danish, 304; Hungarian, 25, 85-86;
Lithuanian (służba zemskaya, pospolite ruszenie), 9, 51, 122-123, 132, 145-147, 151, 155, 158, 207, 290, 295-296, 302, 317-318, 325, 347-349, 352, 354-355, 359, 377; Polish (pospolite ruszenie, expeditio generalis), 20-24, 29, 31, 33-35, 41-79, 82, 87, 100, 109-112, 122, 148, 150, 207, 220-221, 290, 319329, 341, 372-373, 376; Swedish, 304; Teutonic (landesritter), 37 Lipka, 123, 279
Index ofNotions List przypowiedni, 57, 76 Lithuanian Civil War. See Appendix, 338, entry 1432-1440 Lizard Ring (Towarzystwo Jaszczurcze), 36, 37, 44, 47 Long March, 39, 41, 53, 57 Longboat, 312 Lwow Rules, 86 Magdeburg, 346 Magnateria. See Magnates Polish Magnates of Golden Horde, 265; Hungarian, 19, 25, 39, 81-82, 316; Lithuanian, 14, 41, 55, 99, 106-107, 109, 113-119, 125-128, 132-135, 143-147, 149-155, 170, 221, 229, 289, 298, 301, 316, 340-343, 347֊ 349; Moscow, 224, 254, 257-258, 277, 350 Novgorodian. See boyar Novgorodian; Polish (magnatem, możnowladstwo), 11, 18, 21, 32-35, 37, 42-43, 45-49, 56, 63-65, 68, 76-78, 86, 100-101, 111-112, 122, 124-125, 142, 223, 321-322, 324, 376; Swedish, 314; Walachian, 24; Mandragola, play, 198 Mangyt, 139, 260, 264, 296 Mamluks of Egypt, 170 Mare spaiar, 323 Markgraff, 44, 346 Marshal, offices: Grand, Court, 59, 143, 152, 290-291, 318; Volhynian, 152-153 Marszalek nadworny, 59 Martial estate, 32-34, 98, 127-128, 153-154, 156, 158, 167-168, 172, 219-222, 232, 257-259, 290, 343, 358, 370-371, 374-375 Masnade, 168 Mercenaries, 23, 25, 185, 198, 215, 249, 252, 370; Czech (Bohemian), 11, 20, 22, 31, 43—44, 47, 50, 53-54, 58, 64, 84-85, 124, 146, 234, 320, 323, 346-348, 359, 371, 377-378, 230, 323, 346-347, 371, 377-378; 491 German, 31, 230, 304-305, 346; Hungarian, 56, 67-68, 82-83, 85, 378; Italian, 38; Lithuanian, 47, 62, 68-69, 134, 137, 142, 148-149, 158, 291, 295-296, 300-302, 318, 320, 344-349, 352, 371, 377-378; of Livonian Order, 230, 234, 236, 240; of Novgorod, 189-191, 193-194, 207; Polish, 8, 11, 30, 40, 42-43, 48, 50, 56,
58-59, 63-66, 69, 71-74, 85, 88, 108, 122, 130, 144, 223, 229, 235, 317, 321, 323-325, 327-328, 347, 354-355, 372, 377; of Prussian Union, 52, 54-55; Serbian, 146; of Sweden, 308, 314—315; Swiss, 185, 249; Tatar, 41, 49, 55, 62, 66, 83, 172, 185, 197,218, 263,351,372; of Teutonic order, 37, 43, 45, 53-54, 61, 118 Merilo Pravednoye, book, 273 Mestnichestvo, 195 Metallurgy, 282-283, 306 Military entrepreneur, 56, 223, 276 Military Revolution, concept, 5-6, 8, 363-365, 367-368, 373-374 Militia, troops, 21-22, 25-26, 28, 32-35, 37, 48, 53, 67-68, 71, 82, 85-86, 97, 99, 110, 120-121, 132-133, 140, 158, 168-170, 173-174, 176, 181, 187, 189-190, 193-194, 196, 198֊ 199, 201-210, 212, 215, 220-221, 225, 230-231, 233-235, 237-241, 251, 253, 257-258, 262, 267-268, 270-271, 276-279, 281, 290, 294, 298, 300, 304, 308-309, 311-314, 322, 327, 350, 358, 370-372 Militia portalis, 25, 85 Mirza, 239, 296, 318 Mission books, register, 9 Mogzhizname, essay, 382 Moscow Dynastic War. See Appendix, 387, entry 1425-1453 Moznowladstwo. See Magnates Polish Mufti, 266, 268, 272 Murza, 263
492 Index ofNotions Nadworne, Court, 58, 65, 74, 80-81, 149, 182, 249,319 Namestnik, 152 Nasad, 192, 199-201, 268 Nihil Novi, legal, 11 Noker, 121, 140, 172-173, 179, 183, 185, 211, 239, 249, 356-357, 359 Nomocanon, 273 Pension, military, 25, 51, 181, 185-186, 190-191, 193-194, 205, 225, 253254, 257-259, 274, 291, 312, 350, 375 Pfimdzoll, 36-37 Piechota najemna, 58 Piszscel, 69 Poczet (pl.poczty), 57-58, 345 Podkomorzy, 145 Oboz. See Wagon array tactic, 59, 64, Poglowne, 326 67, 70, 320, 380 Pogolovshchina, 134 Obrona Potoczna, 63, 65, 76, 80-81, 86, Polk, 171, 190, 224, 268-269, 275, 367 124, 141, 149, 213, 303, 319-320, Pomeshchik, 274, 375 326, 343 Pomest’ye, 264, 273-275, 278, 300, Oglan, 136,183,218, 263 342, 375 Old Polish array, 70, 147, 380 Popis. See Register military, Lithuanian On the voivode Dracula, essay, 282 Posadnik, 189, 194-195, 206-207, 210, Ordenstadt, 36-37, 41, 54, 72 230, 240 Ordu, 135 Pospolite ruszenie. See Levy Polish Orthodox party, Lithuanian, 13, 109, Powiats, 152 113-115, 125,290,343 Praecepta militaria, 183 Ostrog, 204, 269 Praktika, 267 Osur, 266 Pravo ryzerskie. See lus militare Otchina, 132 Preußischer Bund. See Prussian Union Overlord of All Rus’. See Gosudar Prikaz, 275 vseya Rusi Prikazchik, 275 Přimět, 140, 216 Pachołki, 29, 133 Privy Order of Knights, Lithuanian, Pallasch, 170 290 Palatinate, 34, 132, 348 Procheiron, book, 273 Pan. See Magnate Lithuanian Professional soldiering, concept and Pansyr, 279 practice, 5, 19, 21, 25-26, 31-32, 35, Pancerna, 58, 86, 279 37, 45, 47-48, 50, 52-53, 56, 58-59, Partitions of Poland, 59 62-69, 74,
76, 78-79, 81-82, 86-87, Pavesa, 69, 120, 319 134, 140-141, 143-144, 147-151, Peace, treaty: Czech-Hungarian in 158, 169, 182, 191, 196, 198,201, 1479, 73; of Hungarian parties in 219-221, 229, 230, 231, 249, 257, 1443, 44; of Korostyn in 1471, 219; 276-278, 291, 301, 308, 311, 314, of Kuyavian Brest in 1434, 36; 317, 320, 322-323, 325-330, 354֊ Moscow-Lithuanian in 1494, 300; 358, 370-372, 376 of Pressburg in 1491, 79; SwedishPronoia, 226, 264, 267, 273-274 Moscow in 1497, 313; of Thom, Pronoiar, 274 Second, in 1466, 62, 72-73, 228֊ Prussian Union (Preußischer Bund), 229; Turkish-Hungarian in 1444, 40, 36-37, 41, 43-46, 52, 54-57, 60-61, 43, 46; of Yazhelbitsy in 1456, 195 69, 72, 117
Index ofNotions Przywilej: of 1501, of Mielnik, 10-11; of 1374, of Kosice, 34; of 1413, of Horodło, 127; of 1430, ofEdlnia, 128; of 1432, of Grodno, 127; of 1433, of Krakow, 128; of 1434, of Troki, 127; of 1434, Lithuanian, 109; of 1440, of Novogrudok, 126; of 1441, to Samogitia, 126; of 1442, to Smolensk, 126; of 1447, Lithuanian, 118-119; of 1456, to Galicia, 119; of 1452, to Volhynia, 126-127; of 1471, to Kiev, 128, 142; of 1492, Lithuanian, 289; of 1493, Lithuanian, 290 Puť,266 Pyatina, 278 Qara khalyk, 266 Qizilbas, 250 Racowie, 64, 83, 85-86, 328, 345 Rada, Lithuanian, 41, 55, 114-119, 125-126, 128, 134, 136, 143, 146, 150, 152-153, 156-157, 183, 230, 256, 289, 290, 300-301, 318, 338, 340, 344 Rat, city council, 54, 73 Rat’, 169-170, 176, 371-372; see also Militia Razryad, 275 Razryadnyy Prikaz, 275, 343, 355 Reaya, 266 Reconquista, 276 Register military, Lithuanian, 131 Regnum, 11 Reichstag, 72, 346 Reisen, 98 Reiter, 184, 280 Republic of Nobles. See Rzeczpospolita Retirata, 310 Rise of regular armies, concept, 5, 370, 372, 376 Rod, 12 Rogatina, 172 Roman law, 226 493 Rota, 58, 291, 319-320, 345, 346, 354 Rotem ey ster, 58 Rotmistrz, 58, 65, 76, 223, 345 Rucznice, 319 Russkaya Pravda, 273 Rzeczpospolita, 56, 73, 86, 146, 339, 367 Saadak, 279 Sabre, 121, 171,278,280 Sancakbey, 266 Schanzen. See Ostrog Sejm (Assembly of Lithuanian magnates), 11, 118, 289, 303 Sejm (Polish House of nobles), 10, 11, 23, 29, 30, 43, 45, 55, 63, 67-68, 73, 79, 82, 86, 100, 103, 122, 150, 256, 289-290, 303, 316, 326, 330, 345 Sejm Konny, 44, 54 Sejm Walny, 44, 80, 320-321 Sejmik, 44, 80,
125, 153, 155, 290, 320-321 Senate, Polish, 11, 18, 41, 68, 72, 86, Ш-П2, 114, 117, 300-301,320 Serebshchina, 132, 344 Shambul, 141 Sharia, 140 Shert, 381 Shipbuilding, 192 Shiryn, 27, 29, 110, 135-137, 139, 263, 296 Shy Įniki, 192 Signori, 168 Sila of Tver, 9, 277, 300, 351, 355-358 Sipahi, 27-29, 40, 184, 249-250 Sirotci, 36, 39, 43 Slavic military model, 32, 35, 60, 100, 167-169, 220, 276, 326, 351, 370-371 Slugi (in Lithuania), 126-129, 132-133, 151, 154, 297 Slugi volnyye. See Free servitors Služba (sluzhba), military service, 32 Sluzhba, fiscal unit, 131, 154 Sluzhba zemskaya. See Levy Lithuanian
494 Index ofNotions Sluzhylyye goroda, sing, sluzhylyy gorod, 219, 224, 237, 253, 257-259, 268, 270-272, 274-281, 299, 308309, 313, 343, 350-351, 358, 374 Smuta. See Time of Trouble Snekke, 234 Sotnya, 224 Soviet, 236 Soyyurgal, 264-267, 272, 274-275 Spear (cavalry unit), 56; see also Kopie and Lance Staple, commercial, 179, 189, 223, 270, 305,311 Starina, 12 Starosta, 14, 34, 43, 45-46, 63,104,106, 108, 113, 117, 119-120, 123, 125-126, 132, 145, 148, 152-153, 290, 297, 302, 321, 324, 330, 349, 377 Starostvo, 124, 132, 152, Stato, 170, 181 Statut: of Nieszawa, 45, 62-63, 124, 226; of Piotrków, 33; of Wiślica, 33 St. Georgio Bank, 136 Stipendium, stipend, military, 25, 219, 222, 259, 276, 342, 375 Stradiot, 274 Strug, 192, 199-202, 206-207, 268 Strzelcy, 34 Sudebnik, 274 Sulitsa, 172 Sultan, legal, 184, 186 Sürgün (sürgün), 19, 253 Swiss pikemen, 22, 221, 278 Szekel, 27 Szlachta: Polish, 6, 11, 29, 32-34, 44-47, 49-52, 54-59, 64-65, 67-68, 71, 73, 80-81, 86, 100, 112, 114, 124-125, 134, 168, 220, 274, 321, 324-326, 328-330, 339, 372; Lithuanian, 128, 145, 146-147, 153-156, 158, 290, 349, Tabor: tactic, 38-40, 43-44, 47, 52, 58-59, 64-67, 70-71, 84, 320; see also Wagon array Tabur cengi: tactic, 64, 250; see also Wagon array Taborite, 38-39, 47-49, 53, 320 Taille des gens de guerre, 185 Tale on the taking of Tsargrad, book, 218 Taktika Leonis, book, 183 Tarhan, 264 Tenure, legal, 25, 190-191, 226, 254, 257, 259, 264, 266, 272-276, 300, 370-376, 380 Tercio, 57, 64, 70, 276 Tezkire-i sah Tahmasib, essay, 250 Thunder of Vybor, 310 Thema, 273 Thirteen Years War, 59, 62-65, 69,
87, 112, 114, 145, 147-148, 218, 230, 252, 323, 372; see also Appendix, 399-405 Thirty Years’ War, 221 Tikme, 139, 268 Time of Trouble, 224 Timariot, 27-29, 40, 226 Topcu, 250 Towarzysz, 57-58, 88, 273 Trade: Baltic, 150, 223, 311; East-West, 18, 306; Trans-Eurasian, 178 Travlya, 281 Treaty: Moscow-Lithuanian of 1449, 15, 120, 292; Polish-Lithuanian of Lwow in 1437, 111; Polish-Lithuanian of Grodno in 1437, 112; TurkishCrimean in 1478, 139 Tribunal, 45, 155 Truce: of Kosice in 1491, 83; of Moscow Dynastic war in 1448, 186; Moscow-Lithuanian in 1503, 11; Polish-Teutonic in 1431, 111; Polish-Turkish in 1489, 78, 82; Polish-Turkish in 1499, 331, 339 Tsar, 184, 237, 268, 271 Tulgama, 173 Turnen, military unit, 134—135, 264 Turma, 34 Turmoil in the Golden Horde. See Appendix, 387, entry The 1420s—1440s
Index ofNotions Tysyatskiy, 189,193-195 Uc begleri, 19 Udel, 173, 218, 224, 226, 231-232, 235, 237, 256-258, 309 Ulan, 265 Ulus, 79, 101-102, 110, 121, 123, 135, 134, 138, 140, 142, 177, 179, 183, 185, 211-212, 215-217, 226, 228, 232-233, 236, 264, 303, 379 Umma, 260 Unia: of Horodło in 1413,14, 100,114, 128, 289-290, 337; of Grodno in 1432, 106; of Grodno in 1437, 41, 106, 112,115; of Ferrara-Florence in 1439,108,293, 339, 343; of Kalmar in 1397, 304; of Krewo in 1385, 170, 337-338, 366; of Lublin in 1569, 11, 98, 115, 125; ofMielnik in 1501, 10-11,115, 146; of Wilno-Krakow in 1499, 9, 338-339, 342, 345 Uppbad, 308, 314 Uryadnik, 114 Ushkuy, 192 Utraquists, 47 Veche, 189, 193, 206, 208, 210, 224֊ 225, 234-235, 237 Vernost, 180 Vice campiductur. See Field hetman Vieilles Bandes de Piedmont, 70 Virgin of Vladimir, icon, 214 Vita of Archangel Michael, essay, 200 Voyevoda, top commander, 12, 171, 188, 270, 281,353 Voit, 132 Voivode, prince, 19 Votchina, 12, 168, 181, 254, 257, 274 Vykhod, 75, 185 495 Vyť, 274 Vývod, 253 Wagenburg. See Wagon array Wagon array, fighting wagons, 22-23, 36, 38, 39-40, 43, 46-48, 50-53, 59-61, 65, 68, 70, 84-85, 107, 147, 181, 221, 250, 269, 281, 320, 323, 354, 359, 371, 380 War: for Bohemian Crown, 38, 48-49, 65-67, 69-70, 72-75, 87, 114, 142֊ 143, 148, 207, 228, 319-323, 372373; Crimean, 225; for Hungarian Crown, 42; of Priests (Pfaffenkrieg, Wojna Popia), 72; -s Italian, 57; Livonian, 225 Wojsko kwarciane, 76 Wojsko najemne, 57 Wojsko zaciezne, 57 Yarlyk (yarliq), 74,122-123, 227-228, 237, 292 Yasa, 140, 228, 266 Yasak, 266 Yazda zaciezna, 57
Yaya, 279 Yeomen, 278 Yoke, 167-170, 183, 228 Yurt, 134-135, 177-178, 204, 264 Yushman, 280 Zagon, 141 Zemskoe imenie, 131 Zemiane, Lithuanian, 125, 127-128, 132, 153-154, 343; castle, 127-128 Zhyltsy, 181, 259 Zhyt’i lyudi, 190-191, 210, 253-254, 258 Zloty, 11
Geographical Index Abo (Turku), 193,311 Ain Jalut, battle of, 170 Akdere. See Neamt Akkerman (Belgorod, Cetatea Albă), 17-20, 24, ЗО, 32, 76-79, 150, 255, 282,316,318, 322 Ак-Orda, 135 Aland, 309 Aleksin, 135-136, 297; taking of, defence of, 216-218, 228, 294 Aleksinac, battle of, 39 Aleksino, 10, 352 Ankara, battle of, 26, 265 Aral Sea, steppes, 135 Arctic, 188; Ocean, 270 Arsk, 313 Asia Minor, 19, 178, 215 Astrakhan, 195 Astrakhan Khanate, 364 Augsburg, 282 Aussig on the Elba (Usti nad Labem), battle of, 47 Austria, 28, 48, 53, 60, 81, 255 Azincourt, battle of, 251 Azov, town of, 79, 137, 239, 298; Sea, 137 Baia, battle of, 23, 26 Bakhchisaray, 15 Balkans, 18, 39, 56,167, 178, 211 Baltic, the region of, 5, 18, 20, 53, 60, 167 Baltic Sea, 9, 36, 55, 61,142, 178 Barents Sea, 313 Basel, General Council of, 108 Bataszek, battle of, 38 Belarus, 8, 9, 15, 131-132, 141, 155, 365 Belev, 172, 175-176; battle of, 173174, 178 Belgrade, siege of, 24, 38 Beloozero, 256 Belövka, 172-173 Belz, 29, 103, 330-331 Beriad, 27 Bishbalta, 202 Bithynia, 226 Black Forest. See Chorny Les Black Island. See Chorny Ostrov Black Sea, 17-18, 24, 178, 192, 364, 366; Northern region of, 5, 30, 74, 79, 87, 102, 110, 131, 136, 150, 239, 316, 317, 331; Ottoman lake, concept, 24; Steppes of, 9, 110, 144, 364-365, 367; Straits, 337 Black Trail. See Chorny Shlyakh Blue Waters (Siniye Wody), battle of, 99, 279, 354 497
498 Geographical Index Bobr, 9, 348, 377 Bohemia, 13, 17, 38, 48-49, 65-68, 69-70, 72-75, 84-87, 143, 148, 207, 210, 215, 228, 234, 346, 372-373, 376 Borisov, 9, 344, 352 Borovsk, 238 Bosna, battle of, 25 Boza Stopka, 60 Braclaw, 79, 105-107, 126, 130, 142, 302,317-318, 325,327,331 Brandenburg, 305 Braslaw, 49-50, 108 Brescia, 189 Breslau, 68-69, 327; taking of, defence of, 71-73, 75, 81 Brest Lithuanian (Brest), 11, 108, 118, 291,303,331 Brest Kuyavian (Brześć), 36, 46, 111 Bretagne, 306 Brieg (Brzeg), 68 Britain, 7 Brunkeberg, battle of, 304 Bryansk, 15, 155, 157, 295, 355, Bucak Steppe, 30-31, 76-79, 142, 150, 302, 304, 330 Buda, 43, 66, 82, 117, 282, 345 Bug: Southern, 79, 131, 298, 317; Western, 103, 330 Bukovina, 322 Bulgar, Balkan, 215 Bystraya Sosna, 297 Byzantine empire, 178, 215, 273-274, 307 Caldiran, battle of, 281 Carpathians, 67, 75, 83 Caspian Sea, steppes, 102, 110, 135, 178, 192-193, 364 Caucasus, 7, 121, 139, 167, 226, 296, Cembala (Balaklava), 120-131 Central Asia, 2, 167, 178-179, 214, 236, 261-266, 280, 382 Cerekwica, 44-47 Cerignola, battle of, 281, 379 Chagatay Khanate, 264-265 Chelm, 29, 43, 103, 108 Cherdyn, 262 Cherekha, battle of, 174 Cherkasy, 297, 302, 377 Chernigov, town of, 157, 297, 302, 330; province, principality, land, 12, 155-156 Chemomin, 77 Chernovtsy, 321, 324-325 Cheremisa (Mari), 199, 201 Chilia (Kiliya), 17, 18, 24, 30-32, 76֊ 79, 150, 255, 316, 318-319, 322, 327 China, 178, 189 Chmielnik, 330 Chorny Les, 142 Chorny Ostrov, 86, 330 Chorny Shlyakh, 77, 79, 142 Christendom, Christianity, 28, 329, 339 Chudnov, 302 Chufut-Kale, 296
Chuvashs, 178 Chocim (Hotin), 21, 321, 323, 326; combat of, 29 Codrii Plonini, battle of, 18, 21-22 Codrii Cosminului, 323 Constantinople,28, 136,196, 218; see also Istanbul Copenhagen, 304 Crimea, 120; Khanat of, 3, 15, 74, 78, 110, 130, 138, 141, 150, 159, 233, 260, 262-263, 268, 296, 302, 317, 319,338,364,364,369,380 Crimean Tatars, 14, 55, 75-78, 136137, 140-142, 147, 256, 279, 303, 318, 322, 327-331,348-349 Culm (Chełmno), 33, 40, 55, 72-73 Czestochowa, 13 Danube, 17-19, 26-28, 30, 39, 41, 82, 178 Danzig (Gdańsk), 18, 33, 36-37, 54, 58, 60, 62, 73, 149, 222-223, 327 Denmark, 304, 308, 311, 333-334 Demon, 209 Derelui, 324
Geographical Index Derpt, 193,231,234,305,378 Derevskaya, 278 Desna, 295 Diabelski kamień, 61 Dikoye Pole, 130, 365 Dirschau (Tczew), 36, 54 Dnieper, 77-79, 102, 110, 130, 142, 151, 178, 296-298, 302, 304, 316317,352-353,379 Dniester, 17-18, 21, 29-30, 77, 79, 102, 317 Dobruja, 19, 79, 322 Don, 135, 169,214, 232 Dorogobuzh, 10, 342, 349, 352-353, 357, 359; taking of, 349 Dran’, Dryan’, 210 Drumul Cerbului, 324 Dumbrawa (Dibrova), 324 Dunaj ow, 75 Dvina: land, province, 189-190,192193, 207, 210, 261, 270; Northern, 312; Western, 222, 348 Edime, 39 Eger (Erlau), 82 Egypt, 307 Elbing (Elbląg), 45 Ermland (Warmia), 72-73, 144, 229, 408 Estonia, duchy, 189 Eylau, battle of, 54 Far East, 178 Fellin, 240 Finland, 192-193, 307, 311, 313-315, 351; Gulf, 191,305-307 Florence, 181-182, 189, 276, 282 Formigny, battle of, 251 Galich (South-Western Rus’), 79, 324, Galich (North-Eastern Rus’), 174, 186-187, 193, 199, 201, 203; battle of, 187, 278 Galicia, 13, 18, 20-21, 29, 35, 42, 63, 74-80, 83, 87, 103, 105, 107, 109, 499 111-112, 117, 119, 123-125, 129, 141, 303, 322-323, 326, 330, 332, 367 Galicia-Volhynia, Grand Principality, 13, 168,367 Garigliano, battle of, 281, 379 Gascogne, 185 Genoa, Republic of, 120, 136, 278 Gdov, 230, 312 Gliniany, 124 Glogau, 67, 83, 321 Gniezno, 44, 56, 316 Golden Horde, Ulus Jochi, Kypchaq Khanate, 2, 13, 36, 99, 100-103, 106, 110, 112, 121, 123, 129, 134136, 138-141, 144, 159, 167, 169, 171-172, 175, 177-179, 183-187, 189, 193, 196, 204, 211, 213-214, 222, 223, 227, 260, 263-266, 268, 271, 293, 340, 364-367, 369, 371 Golubac, battle of, 25 Gomel, 155,
157 Gotland, 304 Gorodets, 184-185 Granada, sultanate of, 306 Grand Horde, Ulugh Orda, 3, 15, 74, 78, 135-141, 143, 155-156, 185, 198, 204, 210-218, 227-228, 232-240, 260-262, 268, 277, 293-298, 302303, 342, 348, 351, 356, 365, 369, 378-379, 382 Grodno, 145, 303 Grotniki, battle of, 49 Grunwald. See Tannenberg Guinegate, battle of, 221 Helmet, combat of, 378 Hincesti, 21 Hlyboka, 323 Holy Roman Empire, 19, 38-39, 44, 72, 87-88, 189, 196-197, 281 Horodło, 103 Hungary, 2, 12, 17-19, 25-26, 28, 30, 41, 46-48, 56-57, 64, 66-75, 81, 86-87, 124, 170, 197,210-211,
500 Geographical Index 215, 229, 250, 255-256, 279, 301, 328-329; Upper (Slovakia), 43, 49, 66-67, 82-85, 144, 291 Ialomitsa (Ialomiţa), assault of, 26 Ilmen, 194, 207-209 India, 178, 189 Indian ocean, 178 Instenburg, 117 Iran, 178, 249-250, 263-265, 280-281 Iraq, 178, 250 Irykhov, 202 Istanbul, 31, 136-139, 270 Instenburg, 117 Italy, 56, 189, 196, 282, 307 Ivangorod, 305, 311-314, 372, 378 Izborsk, 230, 234 Jam, battle of, 281 Jasna Gora, 13 Kaffa (Caffa), 121, 130, 135-137, 139140, 296,317-318 Kalisz, 67 Kaluga, 156, 235-236 Kama, 192, 201, 203, 204, 262 Kamieniec, 29, 75, 77, 105, 108, 110, 124, 130, 229, 330, Kanev, 302-303 Karachev, 157 Karakhoz, battle of, 121 Karelia, 192, 307-309, 311, 313, 315, 351 Kashubians, 60-61 Kashira, 313, 356, 359 Kasimov Khanate, 138, 184-185, 199, 204-205, 218, 236, 261, 263, 267268, 271-278, 296, 356 Kashin, principality of, 219 Katlabuh (Catlabuga), battle of, 31, 76 Kazakh Horde, 135 Kazan, city of, 12, 177-178, 210-211, 380, Khanate, 2, 3, 135, 138, 179, 183, 193, 198-199, 205, 212, 217-218, 255, 260-268, 271-272, 275, 278, 280, 282, 296-298, 303-304, 347, 357359, 363, 365, 372, 376, 381-382; taking of, defence of, 177,200-204, 269-270, 309, 313, 315, 340, 356, Kazan Tatars, 178 Kazanka, 203 Kerch strait, 138 Khlynov, 203, 271 Kichmenga, 201 Kiev (Kyiv, Kijów), the town of, 6, 12, 79, 100, 118, 126, 136, 149, 268, 294, 297, 390; coup of, 145, 148-149, 293; Grand Principality of, 126; office of, 118, 122, 126, 127, 142-143, 149, 156-157, 291; province of, 79, 108, 111, 112, 118, 122, 124, 126-131, 133, 148, 154, 158-159, 184, 302, 349,
379; taking of, defence of, 15, 111, 123, НО НІ, 149-150, 303,330 Kirillov cloister, 180, 203 Kizi (Kazi, Gazi) Kermen, 302, 304 Kletsk, 146-147; battle of, 281, 347, 380 Klyazma, battle of, 174 Kneiphof, 54 Kobyliy, 230 Kok-Orda, 135 Kokshenga, 188 Kola, 312 Kolomea, 31, 74 Kolomna, 188, 214, 216, 225, 232, 235 Koiva, battle of, 262 Königsberg (Kaliningrad, Królewiec), 6, 54,61, 117 Konitz (Chojnice), 39-40, 42-43; battle of, 41, 44, 46-47, 49, 52-57, 60, 74, 117-118, 144-145, 149-150, 251, 377; taking of, defence of, 45,148 Koperstin (Kopyrstyn), battle of, 76-78, 81-82, 107-316 Korchmarovo, 77 Korczyn, 13, 42, 48-49 Koretz (Korzec), 303
Geographical Index Korostyn, 207-208, 222; combat of, 208 Korovnich, 202 Kosice (Kassa, Koszyce), 34, 82-84 Kosovo, second battle of, 19 Kostroma, 174, 186, 201, 253, 350 Kotelních, 195 Kotorosľ, battle of, 182 Kowno, 124, 149 Kozelsk, 156, 214, 298 Koźmin forest, 70, 323; battle of, 324326, 328, 339, 341, 346, 372 Krakow (Kraków, Cracow), 12-13, 20, 37,41,55, 83, 86, 136, 170, 179, 254, 256, 297, 304, 316, 319, 327, 330, 331, 337 Krasilow, 13, 123 Krasna (Crasna); battle, 22-23, 51-52, 124; river, 21; village of, 21 Krasnitsa hill, 187 Krasnoye Selo, 237 Krasnopol, battle of, 74, 112, 119 Krasny Gorodok, 378 Kremenets (of Moscow), 235 Kremenets (Krzemieniec, of Volhynia), 106, 111, 126, 152 Krewo, 108 Krusevac (Kruševac), raid on, 19 Kuchman Trail, 77 Kujawy, 33 Kulikovo, battle of 169, 172, 214, 238, 279 Kundurcha, battle of, 265 Kunovica mountain, battle of, 44, 46 Kurmysh, 177 Kurdistan, 250 Kus’, battle of, 174 Kutna (Kutná) Hora, 48 Landskrona, 307 Ladoga, 191, 307 Lapps, 307 Lavra of Caves in Kiev, 13 Leczyca, 46, 118 Legnano, battle of, 189 Lentesti, 325 501 Lessen, siege of, 53-54, 58, 251 Levoča, 301 Lida, 120 Lipany, battle of, 38-39, 47 Lipitsa, battle of, 189 Lipna, 195 Lipniki, 65 Lipnita (Lipniţa), combat of, 27 Listan, battle of, 175 Lithuania, 2, 30, 43, 73, 97-99, 133, 143, 154, 223, 290, 300, 330-332, 345-348, 365 Lithuania proper, 12, 98-99, 106, 108109, 111, 113-114, 126, 131-132, 145, 289, 303, 331, 347-349, 354, 366, 369 Livonia, 149, 234, 305, 312 Livonian Order, 2, 49, 51, 108-117, 143, 188-193,217, 229-231, 234-235, 251-252, 277, 282, 306, 308,
348, 350, 364-365, 369-370, 378-379 Liwa, 331 Lopatino, 353 Lopushno, 70, 281, 380 Lovat, 208 Lubeck, 305 Lublin, 103, 291, 303, 331, 338 Lusatia, 28, 65, 73, 81 Lutsk, 13, 14, 101, 118, 126, 148, 152153, 170; taking of, defence of, 58, 103-105, 108-109, 111, 118 Lwow, 79, 124, 297, 326-327 Lyubech Lyubutsk, 215; battle of 169, 214, 233, 235, 294-296 Magyar, 56 Mangup, 120, 137 Marienburg (Malbork), 37, 44, 118; taking of, defence of, 18-19, 47, 55, 251 Marienwerder (Kwydzin), 36, 54 Marignano, battle of, 221 Marj Dabik, battle of, 281
502 Geographical Index Mazovia, 41, 106-108, 125, 290, 316, 325,331,348 Mediterranean Sea, 178, 200 Meissen, 346 Memel (Klaipeda), 117-118 Merecz, 347 Meshchera, 184-185 Mewe (Gniew), 61-62 Mezetsk, 295 Mielnik, 10-11, 115, 146, Milan, 38, 182, 189, 276, 282 Minsk, 14, 303 Mitkov ford, 216-217 Mitkovo field, 9 Mogilnicy, 321 Mogza, river of, 174 Moldavia, 2, 17-24, 26-35, 52, 63, 68, 79-80, 87-88, 105, 111, 135-137, 150, 197, 229, 255-256, 282, 297298,302-303,317-331 Mologa, battle of, 180 Mongols, 32, 97-99, 120-121, 140, 167-173, 178-179, 183-184, 199, 228, 233, 264, 266-267, 294, 309, 364, 366, 379 Moravia, 28, 45, 54, 65, 73, 81, 320 Mordva, 176 Mosaisk, 295-296 Moscow: Grand Principality of (Muscovy), 3, 8, 14-15, 73-74, 99-100, 116, 136, 152-153, 170, 253, 290, 337, 363; Moscow, city of, 11, 100, 120; Moscow, river, 11; Moscow, taking of, defence of, 173-174, 188 Movlotitsy, 195-196 Mozhaysk, 156, 188, 294, 218, 292, 300, 350 Mozyr, 303 Msta, 195, 208 Mtsensk, 11, 235, 293-296, 338 Mstislavl, 108, 184; battle of, 378 Murafa (Morachwa), 47, 107; battle of, 13, 107, 112, 126 Murom, 176, 179, 201-202, 225, 253, 350 Muscovy. See Moscow, Grand Principality of Mutenii de Jos, 27 Myshega, 216 Nancy, battle of, 221 Narva: River (Narova), 191-192, 312, 378; town of, 193, 305,312 Near East, 21, 32, 139, 262-263, 266, 270, 274, 279 Neamt, battle of, 28 Neisse (Nysa), 69 Neri, battle of, 157, 176-177 Neszmely (Neszmély), 39 Netherlands, 57, 81, 189, 215, 305 Neuhausen, 193 Neumark, 36-37, 43-44 Neva, 168, 191, 307 Nevolnitsy, river, 324 Nicaea empire, 215 Nicopolis, battle of, 19
Nimptsch (Niemcza), 72 Nizhniy Novgorod, 175-177, 199, 201202, 204, 253, 268,350,381 Nogay Horde, 110, 135, 139, 183, 239, 260-261, 265, 293, 298, 313, 329, 356, 364, 369 Normandie, 306 Norrbotten, 313 North Africa, 200, 307 Norway, 304, 313 Norwegian Sea, 313 Nöteborg, 191 Novaya Rusa, 209 Novgorod (city of) 168, 174, 192, 205, 233, 294 Republic of, 2, 12, 15, 123, 143, 169, 178, 185-191, 193-196, 206-212, 222-227, 230-231, 240, 251, 253-259, 261-263, 270, 292, 306-308,311-313, 339, 35;1 province, 277, 281, 299-300, 305, 309, 377
Geographical Index Novgorod (of Severa), 157 Novogrudok (Nowogrodek), 347 Nürnberg, 282 Nyslott, 311 Ob’ Obertyn, battle of, 70, 281 Ochakov (Özü, Ak-Cakum), 79, 298, 302, 304,316,318,330-331 Odoyev, 235, 292; battle of, 293 Oka, 172, 188, 198, 212-218, 232-235, 239, 293; Upper Reaches, 15, 156157, 172, 215-217, 292, 296-299, 338-339 Olawa (Ohlau), 68 Olau, 71 Oleshno, 298 Olomouc, 73 Onikszty, 347 Opakov, 236 Oppeln (Opole), 68 Opoki, 45, 53 Orbie, battle of, 23 Order, river, 68 Order. See Teutonic Order Oreshek. See Nöteborg Orlets, 190 Orlov, 195 Orsha, town of, 352, 380; battle of (Second) in 1514, 10, 11, 317, 347, 349; battle of (First) in 1508, 347, 349, 380 Orşova, 41 Osterode (Ostróda), 72-73 Ostrov, 378 Oszmiana (Oshmyany): battle of, 107; coup of, 105-106 Ovechji Vody, 130 Panipat, battle of, 281 Parczew, 17, 23, 122 Pavia: University, 70; battle of, 281 Peipus (Lake of Chuď), 230, 234 Perekop, 79, 101,138, 302-303, 331, 379 503 Pereyaslavl (Ryazansky). See Ryazan Pereyaslavl (Zalessky), 224 Perm, principality of, 261-262, 270 Pest, 82 Picardie, 185, 307 Pihva (Pskovskoye), 193, 230 Pinsk, 303; marshes, 303, 330-331 Piotrkow, 10, 45, 55, 63, 73, 79, 122, 124, 150, 256,316, 326 Pisa, storm of, 310 Plock, 316 Plowce, battle of, 33 Pochep, 356 Podlasie, 41, 132, 331, 348, 359 Podolia, 13, 30, 99, 102, 106-107, 250, 354; Eastern, 41, 101, 109, 112,117, 120, 129-131, 138, 141-142, 151, 154, 291, 302-303, 317, 323, 349, 379; Western, 20-22, 24, 29, 43, 64, 75-81, 87, 104-105, 108, 111-112, 118-119, 122-125, 131, 150, 229, 330-331 Poganoye, 381 Pokuttya, 18, 78, 80,
105, 322, 326327, 331 Pola, 208 Poland, 2, 4, 9, 17, 33, 41, 59, 64, 80, 111, 124, 143, 155, 220, 252, 279, 291, 326, 338, 367, 376; Greater, 18, 33, 39, 41, 44, 48-50, 54-55, 67, 71, 87, 103, 107, 122, 321-323, 328, 332; Lesser, 18, 29, 33, 41-12, 45, 47-50, 53-55, 63, 66-67, 76, 87, 100, 103-104, 106, 109, 112, 117, 122, 124-125, 321-324, 326-328, 330-332 Polesie, 141, 303 Polist, 208 Polna 7, 9, 353-354, 359 Polonne, combat of, 330 Polotsk, city of, 49, 108, 111, 294, 317, 350, 377-378; principality of, province of, 12, 132, 143, 145-146, 150, 190, 297, 340, 349
504 Geographical Index Pomerania 101, 304, 346; Eastern (Pomorze), 33 Pomerelia, 47 Pomorzany, 75 Porkhov, 231 Poznan, 9, 72, 345 Prague, 47, 48, 55 Prešov (Eperjes), 85; battle of, 70, 84, 86, 291,316, 345 Protva, 238 Prussia, 37-39, 43, 47, 53-55, 75, 87, 143, 148-149, 223, 228, 230, 331332, 373, 376; Eastern, 54, 72-73, 117; concept, 36; Western, Royal, 54, 72-73, 227, 327 Prut, 18, 21, 325-326, 329, 342 Przemyśl, 326-327 Puisa (Pimzha), 193 Pupovichi, combat of, 378 Putivi, ПО, 157, 297, 353, 355, 377 Pskov: city of, 28, 229; Republic of, 116, 143, 190, 193, 196, 205-206, 208-209, 225, 240, 251, 262, 276, 306, 309, 311-312, 341, 350, 364, 377-378; taking of, defence of, 230-231, 234-235 Radogoshch, 355 Radom, 11 Radziejów, 33 Ragusa, Republic of, 30 Rákos, 82 Ramnicu-Sarat, battle of, 24 Razboieni. See Neamţ Red Sea, 178 Reuseni, 23 Reval (Tallinn), 183, 229, 234, 305-306 Ridanieh, battle of, 281 Riga, 149, 222, 229, 348 Rogachev, combat of, 79 Rogoznica (Witalicz), 61 Romanov (Roman), 20, 31, 322 Roman See (Holy See), 28, 38, 65-66, 343 Rome, 228, 273, 307 Royal Prussia. See Prussia Rostov, 218-219, 257, 350 Rotebro, battle of, 314 Rov (Bar), 121 Rovine, combat of, 26 Rovno, 303 Rožňava, 124 Rozpsza, 46 Rubicon, 41 Rudava, battle of, 99 Rudino, 186 Rudnitsa, 77 Rum, sultanate of, 267 Rumelia (Rumeli), 19, 27, 30, 319 Rus’, 8, 12, 32, 97-100, 120, 168; Lithuanian, 12, 15, 49, 51, 97, 102, 108-117, 123-128, 141, 143, 145, 147-150, 155-157, 170, 180, 184, 198, 236, 251, 273, 293, 302-303, 307, 331-332, 347-349, 367-369, 377, 379; North-Eastern, 11, 12, 98, 110, 167-172,
175, 177-180, 183, 189-192, 196-197, 199, 206, 212, 214-215, 218-220, 222-223, 236-239, 256-259, 264, 273, 279, 282-283, 299, 305-307, 351, 358, 364, 369; Polish, 76, 79-80, 121֊ 124, 143-144, 256, 321, 327, 298, 330, 332; South-Western, 9, 13-15, 18, 43, 56, 75-76, 97-100, 102, 110, 112, 115, 118-119, 123, 131-132, 140, 144, 168, 197, 255, 263, 294, 301, 303, 339, 367; Western, 9, 14-15, 35, 87, 97-99, 111, 115, 122, 126, 132-134, 144, 146, 148, 156, 168, 184, 198, 263, 273, 299, 317, 332, 339, 345, 354, 367, 372, 377, 379-380 Rusa (Staraya), 194; combat of, 195196 Rusçuk (Ruse), 200 Ruza, 218 Ryazan, 175, 212; Grand Principality of, 101, 123, 175-176, 188, 196, 218֊ 219, 232, 237, 293-297, 364, 379
Geographical Index Rylsk, 157 Rzhev, 156, 186, 231,292,350 Samarkand, 265 Sambor, 326, 329 Samogitia, 12,108, 116-117, 126, 131-132, San, 327-328 Sandomierz, 21, 46, 100, 122, 320, 326-328 Sangarius (Sakarya), 214 Sanok, 326 Saray, ПО, 170, 172, Saraychik (Saraicuq), 211, 236, 271 Sava, battle of, 63 Savranka, 77-78, 81-82 Saxony, 44, 53, 329, 346 Scandinavia, 7, 101, 172, 234, 308-309 Schippenbeil (Sępopol), battle of, 55 Schweiz (Swiecino), battle of, 60, 62, 64-67, Sekcov, 84 Serbia, 32, 35, 64, 82-86, 146, 158, 215, 228, 328, 345 Seritsa, battle of, 378 Serpeysk, 295 Serpukhov, 216, 232-235, 313 Sestra, 307 Severa (Sivera), 15, 110-112, 120-122, 124, 141-142, 155-158, 291, 293-295, 299, 315, 318, 325, 330, 342-343, 355-356, 377-379 Seym, 295 Shargorod, 77 Sheksna, battle of, 180 Shelenga, battle of, 210 Shelon, 206-207; battle of, 209-211 Shelonskaya, 278 Siberia, 167, 189, 192, 262, 270-271, Siberian Khanate, 135, 239, 313, 356, 364, Sieradz, 45, 47 Silesia, 28, 39, 43, 45, 48, 53-54, 64-65, 67-73, 75, 81, 83, 87, 143, 148, 197, 210, 229, 320-322, 327 505 Siniye Vody. See Blue Waters Siret: river, 322-323; town of, battle of, 27 Slonim, 303, 347 Slovakia. See Upper Hungary Slutsk, 303 Smolensk, city of, 7, 10, 109, 111, 116, 133, 146, 188, 299,317, 344,350, 352-355, 359, 377-380; province, land, principality, 12, 126, 145, 189, 301, 339; taking of, defence of, 150 Smolino, battle of, 378 Sniatyn, 31, 74, 322 Soci, battle of, 24 Solkhat, 121 Soltsy, 206 South-Eastern Europe, 10, 18, 21, 32, 39, 137-139 St. George (Yur’ev) cloister, 194 St. Ilia church in Rusa, 194 St.
Klara convent, 304 St. Sofia cathedral: in Kiev, 141, 294; in Novgorod, 294; in Polotsk, 294 Stargard (Starogard), 73 Starodub, 157, 340 Strasburg (Brodnica), 73 Streva, battle of, 97 Stropkov, 83 Styr, 103-104; battle of, 104 Suceava, 17, 20, 23, 28-29, 31, 322, Sukhodryev, combat of, 156, 180-181 Suzdal, 156, 176-177, 180-181 Šventoji, 50-51 Svinskoye, 342 Sviyaga, 199, 200, 269 Sviyazhsk, 200 Svyatoy Nos, 312 Sweden, 2, 4, 20, 143, 189, 192-193, 217, 254, 282, 304-305, 307-308, 311,314-315, 366,389 Syria, 170 Szekels, 27, 279 Tabor (Tábor), town of, 48 Tamaseni, battle of, 20
506 Geographical Index Tannenberg (Grunwald), battle of, 13, Tyagin, 297 19, 37, 42, 50, 53, 62, 100, 107 Tyumen, 262 Tamsa, 232, 235 Targoviste, 26 Udmurt. See Arsk Tavan, 77, 151, 297, 304 Uglich, 180, 186, 218-219, 231, 239, Teleajen, battle of, 24 256, 381 Terebovlia (Trembowla), 13, 123, 327 Ugra, river, 212,234; confrontation of, Teutonic Order, 2, 18, 20, 33, 35-37, 15, 150, 235-240, 261, 277, 294, 41-54, 61-62, 71-75, 87, 97-98, 296, 299, 102, 107, 111, 112, 117-118, 143, Ugra, Uralic tribes, 262, 270 147-148, 170, 188-189, 191, 204, Ukraine, 8, 9,15,132,141,155, 365, 218, 228-230, 252, 299, 307-308, 370 323, 329, 349, 364-365, 372 Ulus Jochi. See Golden Horde Theodora, 120-121, 136-137 Ulus of Simon’s peoples, 130 Thom (Toruń), 37, 329 Ulugh Orda. See Grand Horde Thrace, 226 Ural, 192, 261-262, 270 Tikhaya Sosna, 130, 379 Ust’i, 230 Time of Tumult, in the Golden Horde, 99 Ustyug, 174, 179, 188, 193, 201, 203, T’ma of Yagolday, 110, 151 261-262, 270-271, 312 Toropets, 292, 294, 299, 350, 377 Uzbek Horde, 135,179, 217, 236, 282 Torysa, 84 Transoxiana, 382 Vaga, 188, 312 Transylvania, 23-24, 26-27, 29, 43, Valea Alba. See Neamţ 82-85, 322 Vama, 46, 57; battle of, 20, 38-42, 72, Trinity cloister, 180, 257 114 Troki, 41, 108, 113, 114, 119, 126-127, Vasluj, 21; battle of, 27 132, 156, 289, 347-348 Vedrosha, 7, 9, 74, 88, 187, 196, 348, Trošna, 7, 9, 353, 359 353-354, 357-358; battle of, 7-14, Trad, 297 180, 184, 254, 344, 347-349, 355, Turkey, 2, 5, 18, 26-28, 32, 38, 78-79, 357-359, 363, 365, 368, 373, 37687, 136, 138-140, 170, 255, 262, 378, 380-383 266-267, 270, 272,
274, 279, 301, Vedroshi, 352 316, 331, 338, 365-366 Velebitsy, 207, 210 Turkmen, 178, 250 Velikaya, 230, 234, 378 Turk-Mongolian world, military model, Velikiye Luki, 231, 235, 292, 350 2, 135, 140, 179, 184, 264-265, 267, Venice, 182, 276, 331 369 Vereya, 156, 256 Verkhovskie lands, principalities. See Turov, 380 Oka Upper Reaches Tver, 300, 309, 313, 351, 375; Grand Principality of, 9, 99, 101, 106-108, Vienna, 200, 278 Vinnitsa, 302 150. 156. 159, 171, 180, 186-189, Vistula (Wisla), 36, 54, 61-62, 222, 193-194, 196, 202, 205, 208, 217֊ 328, 321 219, 234, 231, 237, 254-259, 271, Vistula lagoon (Zalew Wiślany, 277, 292, 294, 339, 350, 377; taking Frisches Haff), battle of, 61-62 of, defence of, 169
Geographical Index Vitebsk, town of, 107-111, 116, 133, 148, 170, 231, 317, 339, 344, 349350, 377-378; province, 12 Vladimir, Grand Principality of, 12 Vladimir of Volhynia, 103, 126, 152 Vodskaya, 278 Volga, 12, 102, 110, 177-178, 186, 192-193, 199-201, 203-205, 211, 236, 263-264, 267-269, 280, 296, 391 Volga Bulgar, 177-179, 192, 199, 264-267 Volhynia, 13, 35, 58, 78, 327; Eastern, 41, 47, 101, 103, 108-109, 111, 117֊ 118, 121, 125-126, 129, 131-133, 141, 148, 152-156, 290-291, 302֊ 303, 349, 351, 354, 380; Western 18, 21, 29, 75, 80, 87, 103, 110, 119, 123-125, 129, 330-332 Volkhov, 225 Vologda, 174, 180, 193, 201, 203, 256, 270 Volok Lamsky, 186, 205, 208, 218, 231, 239, 256, 309 Vorotynsk, 233, 235, 295, 300, 340 Vorskla, battle of 101-102, 110, 120, 130,354 Vozha, combat of 212 Vuoksi, 307 Vyoksa, 187 Vyatka, Republic of 185, 195-196, 199, 202-203, 210-211, 262-263, 270-271, 309, 364 Vyazma 188, 233, 238, 292, 299-300, 315,350, 353 Vyazma, the principality of 294, 299, 339, 352 Vyborg, 191, 305-307, 315; taking of defence of, 308-311, 313-314, 372, 377 Vychegda, 270 Vyshgorod, 208 Vyshgorodok, 230 507 Walachia, 2, 19, 24, 27, 31-32, 35, 298, 323, 364, 370 Warm Lake, 230 Warsaw, 331 Wesenberg (Rakovor), battle of 189 Wielona, 97 Wild Steppe. See Dikoye Pole Wilkomierz, battle of 38, 49, 52, 74, 109-113, 115, 251,254 Wilno, 12-13, 97, 100, 106, 108-109, 111, 113-114, 116, 119, 127, 130, 132, 136, 138, 142, 144-146, 170, 179, 206, 227, 234, 256, 289-292, 297, 299, 302-304, 317, 337, 340, 348, 377, 381 Wiślica, 33 Wisniowiec, battle of, 302 White Sea, 312 Yam, 193, 378
Yaroslavl, 218, 257, 350, 375 Yazhelbitsy, 195 Yelets, 214 Yelnya, 10, 184, 352 Zaslaw (Iziaslav), 78 Zavelich’ye, 234 Zbaraż, 75, 103 Zelenice, combat of, 48 Zhizdra, 338 Zhydaczow, 124 Zhytornir, 302 Ziemia Dobrzyńska (Dobrzyńska), 33 Zinkowce, 122 Zimaja, 50 Zimovka, 50-51 Zlatitsa, 39, 44 Zonchio, battle of, 203 Zubtsov, 350 Żuławy, 61 Zvenich Bor, 201, 203 Zvenigorod, 218 |
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| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Širogorov, Vladimir ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1130247686 |
| author_facet | Širogorov, Vladimir ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Širogorov, Vladimir ca. 20./21. Jh |
| author_variant | v š vš |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047116415 |
| classification_rvk | NM 9050 NM 7250 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1261748789 (DE-599)BVBBV047116415 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1450-1500 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1450-1500 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Osteuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV047116415 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:27:43Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:03:05Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781793622402 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032522801 |
| oclc_num | 1261748789 |
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| owner | DE-11 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| physical | vii, 509 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210813 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Lexington Books |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Slavic studies : history |
| spelling | Širogorov, Vladimir ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)1130247686 aut War on the eve of nations conflicts and militaries in Eastern Europe, 1450-1500 Vladimir Shirogov Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London Lexington Books [2021] © 2021 vii, 509 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Slavic studies : history Geschichte 1450-1500 gnd rswk-swf Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd rswk-swf Bewaffneter Konflikt (DE-588)4137568-3 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 g Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 s Bewaffneter Konflikt (DE-588)4137568-3 s Geschichte 1450-1500 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-7936-2241-9 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032522801&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032522801&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032522801&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032522801&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Sachregister Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032522801&sequence=000009&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Ortsregister |
| spellingShingle | Širogorov, Vladimir ca. 20./21. Jh War on the eve of nations conflicts and militaries in Eastern Europe, 1450-1500 Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd Bewaffneter Konflikt (DE-588)4137568-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4039305-7 (DE-588)4137568-3 (DE-588)4075739-0 |
| title | War on the eve of nations conflicts and militaries in Eastern Europe, 1450-1500 |
| title_auth | War on the eve of nations conflicts and militaries in Eastern Europe, 1450-1500 |
| title_exact_search | War on the eve of nations conflicts and militaries in Eastern Europe, 1450-1500 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | War on the eve of nations conflicts and militaries in Eastern Europe, 1450-1500 |
| title_full | War on the eve of nations conflicts and militaries in Eastern Europe, 1450-1500 Vladimir Shirogov |
| title_fullStr | War on the eve of nations conflicts and militaries in Eastern Europe, 1450-1500 Vladimir Shirogov |
| title_full_unstemmed | War on the eve of nations conflicts and militaries in Eastern Europe, 1450-1500 Vladimir Shirogov |
| title_short | War on the eve of nations |
| title_sort | war on the eve of nations conflicts and militaries in eastern europe 1450 1500 |
| title_sub | conflicts and militaries in Eastern Europe, 1450-1500 |
| topic | Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd Bewaffneter Konflikt (DE-588)4137568-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Militär Bewaffneter Konflikt Osteuropa |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032522801&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032522801&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032522801&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032522801&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032522801&sequence=000009&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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